Sepp Puerto Galera Revised Final Version-1.docx

1.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

The 160.5 km long by 84.5 km wide island of Mindoro was first mentioned in Chinese annals when merchants from Cathay on ships carrying native products traded on the island in 982 AD. Ship captains and their men often referred to the island as “Mai”, which was later corroborated by the Chinese historian Chen-Jua Kuan in the first known description of Mindoro in 1225 AD. The name “Mindoro” was derived from Minoro, sometimes spelled Minolo - a small coastal settlement northwest of the poblacion of present day Puerto Galera. Captain Martin de Goiti and Juan de Salcedo explored Western Mindoro on their way to Manila on May 8, 1570. After fighting with the Moro pirates and capturing the island of Lubang, Legaspi imposed Spanish rule upon the natives of Northern Mindoro the following year. While Moro piracy was in existence during the 17th century, the island was organized into a corregimiento, with Puerto Galera as the capital. The island became part of Bonbon (Taal, Batangas) under the encomienda of Calilaya (Unisan, Quezon Province). Since the 10th century, Puerto Galera was known to seafarers as a trading port and a strategic harbor along the important trade routes to and from the Near East, Indian coast, Indo-Chinese coast, China, various points within the Philippine archipelago, and the kingdoms of Sumatra and Java. The Muelle Bay area, recognized as one of the safest natural harbors in Asia, was used extensively for dock repairs and as a safe anchorage for all types of sailing vessels. Sixteenth century reference to Mindoro often only meant the harbor of Minolo, which was then the center of trading between the Chinese and the natives. Chinese merchants bartered glazed porcelains for gold, jade, corals, shells, birds, rattan, and other forest products that were abundant on the island. The antiques unearthed from an ancient gravesite near Minolo were traced back as early as the 10th and 15th centuries. Most are Chinese, but substantial quantities from Thailand and Vietnam have also been excavated. When the Spaniards discovered the island of Mindoro in the early 17th century, the natural beauty and safe heaven that is Muelle Bay astonished them. They thus named the land Puerto de Galleon or Port of Galleon. It was later called Puerto Galera. When the Spaniards conquered the whole island, they made Puerto Galera the capital of the province. Due to the regularity of the Moro attacks, the Spaniards built watchtowers and stationed battleships outside Muelle Bay to deter the Moros. One such battleship was the Cañonero Mariveles, which sunk due to a violent storm in 1879. The Spaniards also built a rice granary in Puerto Galera that was used to stash grains ready for shipment. This grain storage was believed to have caught fire in the late 18th century, but the carbonized palay grains were preserved by sea water and remain scattered along Muelle Bay to this day. The natives primarily lived by fishing, crude farming and hunting. They raised animals, planted rice, corn, sweet potatoes and other root crops - using the slash and burn method to clear and prepare the land for planting. Then the Spaniards introduced the plow - increasing the productivity of the land. However, the tributes and taxes imposed by the Spanish government discouraged farmers, causing them to seek other means of livelihood. The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

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After more than two centuries the capital of the province was transferred to Calapan (the present capital of Oriental Mindoro), which was geographically blessed with wide agricultural lands. Puerto Galera became a barrio of Calapan. It was only on December 7, 1927, when the Philippine Congress passed Act 3415, that the municipality of Puerto Galera was created. The people of Puerto Galera engaged in shipbuilding and repair, mat weaving, fishing, and crude farming before the advent of tourism in their town. It was only in the early 1970’s that Puerto Galera, by word of mouth, was established as a tourist destination. The earliest tourists would stay in the homes of the locals for periods of several weeks to several months. This was the origin of backyard tourism in Puerto Galera. This type of hosting, called “bed and breakfast” in other settings, became the backbone of the thriving tourism program. In Puerto Galera the trade benefited not only private homes turned pension houses, but local traders, market vendors and stall owners as well who found new and brisk markets from visitors. The local transport operators had to expand their fleet to accommodate heavier volumes of visitors, particularly during the peak tourist months of March to June and November.

2.

PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES 2.1

Location, Total Land Area and Land Area by Barangay

Puerto Galera is a Y-shaped peninsula located on the north shores of Mindoro Island, 130 km south of Manila and 14 nautical miles from Batangas City or 13°23' to 13°32'N; 120°50' to 121°00'E in Geographic Positioning System (GPS). It consists of twelve coastal barangays and one upland barangay covering a total land Table 1. Land Area and Percent Share by Barangay, area of 25,247.23 hectares. On the Puerto Galera northern part is the Verde Island Total Land Area Percent Passage, and Mt. Baco and Mt. Barangay (ha.) Share (%) Malasimbo marked the south 2,168.737 8.59 boundaries. It shares common Aninuan 2,736.800 10.84 boundaries with the adjacent town Baclayan 1,431.518 5.67 San Teodoro on the northeast and Balatero 1,295.183 5.13 Abra de Ilog of Occidental Mindoro on Dulangan the northwest. Palangan 386.283 1.53 Among the 13 barangays, Barangay Tabinay, the largest barangay, shares 38.69% or 9,768.153 hectares. Baclayan, the only upland barangay, covers 10.84% or 2,736.800 hectares. San Antonio, the smallest barangay in Puerto Galera, has a total land area of only 113.612 sharing 0.45% of the total municipal territory.

Poblacion Sabang San Antonio San Isidro Sinandigan Sto. Nino Tabinay Villaflor Total

376.184 449.401 113.612 853.356 456.975 532.716 9,768.153 4,678.312 25,247.230

1.49 1.78 0.45 3.38 1.81 2.11 38.69 18.53 100.00

Source: MPDO, 2008

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Figure 1. Location Map

Source: MPDO, 2008

2.2 Topography and Slopes In general, the coasts of Puerto Galera are characterized by rolling topography, while peaks and promontories are dominant inland. The highest point in the area is the 1,430 meters peak of Mt. Balatic, while the lowest is Mt. Alinyaban (934 m.). The rounded mountain ridges indicate weathering action on resistant rocks. The general northeast trend of the mountain range is displayed by the drainage divide from Mt. Burburugan to Puerto Galera. This trend is repeated on the south by the peaks of Mt. Micnic and Mt. Balatic. Draining these two parallel ridges, numerous streams and rivers empty into the Verde island passage and Apo East passage. The mountain slopes are steep, particularly those flanking large streams. Sharp V-shaped gullies and numerous waterfalls reflect the young topography of the area. A wide valley exists at 1000 m. elevation in the headwaters of Linao Cawayan River, between the peaks of Mt. Burburugan and Mt. Balatic. This valley may have been formed by fluvial sedimentation on a dammed river and is presently the site of an indigenous community of Mangyans (Miguel Fortes, 1997). Puerto Galera is also described as a place of zigzag roads and considered the “Baguio” of Mindoro because of its rugged topography. The land is generally mountainous and crisscrossed by numerous streams and rivers. Backed by the Cabarian Ridge, and the 680-meter high pyramidal Mt. Malasimbo, its 35.25-km long hilly landmass extends towards the sea and spreads out a maximum of 13.4 km across. There are three mountain ranges in the municipality covering 11.75 square kilometers, namely: Mt. Alinyaban in Barangay Balatero, Mt. Talipanan in Barangays Aninuan and San Isidro, and Mt. Malasimbo in Barangay Aninuan. The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

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The Bureau of Soils and Water Resources reported that approximately 126 hectares of Puerto Galera’s total land area are characterized of having a slope of 0-1% that are ideal for fishpond and recreation. Around 1,701 hectares falls under a slope of 0-8% that are suitable for intensive agricultural production. A slope of 8-15% covers 11,181.23 hectares which can be utilized for limited cultivation. The remaining 12,239 hectares are upland areas having a steep slope and are recommended for forest and wild life habitat. 2.3 Soil Composition The characterization of the soils of Puerto Galera was undertaken through a process, which began by conducting field mapping. Landscape and underlying formations were examined systematically in several representative locations. Soils were then characterized morphologically. Soil borings were made with augers and test pits dug. The soil observations considered the complexities of the landscape, changes of physiography and soil profile. Soil samples from selected sites were collected for complete laboratory analysis and from which the profile descriptions were characterized. At Puerto Galera, five soil series were described. These are the following: A. MOGPOG SERIES: Soils are deep, well drained under the coarse loamy family. Formed on level to nearly level landscapes, which are formerly on fluvial regions, bordering the narrow coasts surrounded by hills and mountains. These are located at 140 meters, N 60degrees W of Balatero Elementary School and 507.5 hectares in extent. B. LUGO SERIES: Soils are moderately deep, well drained and under the fine clayey family. Located at 2,650 meters N 65degrees E of Puerto Galera and about 350 meters north of Barangay Sinandigan, 465 hectares in extent, more or less. 1. Lugo Clay: 2.0 to 7.0% slopes. Mapped adjacent to the narrow beaches in the northeastern portion of Puerto Galera, approximately 25 hectares in extent. 2. Lugo Clay: 7.0 to 15% slopes. Mapped at the tip of Mindoro Island in hilly portions towering the sea, 65 hectares in extent. 3. Lugo Clay: 15 to 25% slopes. 375 hectares in extent. Occurs in hilly to mountainous or elevated lands. Located at the northeastern portion of the town proper of Puerto Galera. C. MAASIN SERIES: Soils are moderately deep, well drained, under the fine clayey family. This series is formed in moderately steep, hilly and mountainous locations; developed from shale. 1. Maasin Clay Loam 15 to 25% slopes. Occurring on hilly landscapes, mapped in the northern part, south of Puerto Galera, 715 hectares in extent. 2. Maasin Clay Loam 25 to 40% slopes. Occurring on steep landscapes. Mapped in the eastern, northern and southern portions of Puerto Galera, 2110 hectares in extent. 3. Maasin Clay Loam 40 to 60% slopes. Occurring on very steep landscapes in the western portion and extending up to the portion of Puerto Galera, 4670 hectares in extent. The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

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D. MALALAG SERIES: Soil is fine clayey, moderately shallow and well drained. Located on rugged mountain ranges developed from shale and other quartz material, approximately 300 meters, South 20 degrees West of Barangay Dulangan. Occur on very steep landscapes. Mapped from the central part of the area extending to the southern and westerns sides of Puerto Galera, 2,907 hectares in extent. E. ALIMODIAN SERIES: Occur on very steep landscapes. The table below shows the extent of the soils of Puerto Galera. The table is accompanied by the recommended land use and required soil management or conservation measures to adapt for each soil unit. So far 11,812.5 hectares of the lands of Puerto Galera have been characterized for their soil properties. Table 2. Area and Extent of Soils of Puerto Galera Recommended Land Use and Required Soil Management or Conservation Measures Soil Mapping Unit Name

Area (Ha.)

Percentage %

Recommended Land Use, Soil Management Or Conservation Measures

Mogpog silt loam 0.0 to 2.0% slope

507.5

3.55

Suited to a wide variety of crops like lowland rice, corn, vegetables, legumes like mongo and soybean, and serghum. Application of organic matter will improve the fertility level, physical characteristics of the soil, and water holding capacity. Fertilization and use of improved variety pesticides are recommended

Lugo clay 2.0 to 7.0% slope

25

0.17

Suited to wide variety of crops. Measures to prevent erosion are contour flowing, green maturing, crop rotation with legumes as one of the crops every 3-4 years, contour planting, fertilization and the like.

0.54

Suitable to crops like corn, upland rice, sorghum and others, provided contour plowing, terracing, strip cropping, cover cropping, crop rotation, fertilization and buffer strip cropping are employed. Best suited to permanent crops like coffee, banana, mango, coconut and other locally adopted fruit trees, and for pasture purposes.

2.72

Suited to coconut, banana, coffee, cashew, abaca, mango, rubber and other locally adopted fruit trees. Cover crops, fertilization, contour planting are also recommended to minimize erosion. Can still be grown to raw crops like corn, upland rice, sorghum and others provided erosion control measures like terracing, strip cropping and buffering are employed.

1.92

Recommended for pasture if pasture rotation every 3-4 months is practiced and number of cattle heads is limited to prevent ever grazing. Can be still be grown to permanent crops like corn, coffee, coconut, mango, banana, abaca, rubber and other locally adopted fruit trees provided cover cropping, contour planting and other erosion control measures employed.

Lugo clay 7.0 to 15.0% slope slightly

Lugo clay 15.0 to 25.0% slope slightly eroded

Maasin clay loam 25.0 to 40.0% slope

65

375

360

Source: Soils and Water Management Bureau, DA (SEPP, 2008)

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Table 2. Area and Extent of Soils of Puerto Galera Recommended Land Use and Required Soil Management or Conservation Measures Soil Mapping Unit Name

Maasin clay loam 40.0 to 60.0% slope no apparent erosion Maasin clay loam 40.0 to 60.0% slope slightly eroded Malalag clay loam 40.0 to 60.0% slope no apparent erosion Malalag clay loam 40.0 to 60.0% slope slightly eroded

Area (Ha.)

Percentage %

1355

9.89

Recommended Land Use, Soil Management Or Conservation Measures

Can still be utilized for pasture but best suited for forestry purposes. If used for pasture, it will need very liberal fertilization, liming and reseeding. For forestry, the trees to be planted should be those growing well in the locality. Selective cutting should be observed.

3315

23.61

Can still be utilized for pasture but best suited for forestry purposes. If used for pasture, it will need very liberal fertilization, liming and reseeding. For forestry, the trees to be planted should be those growing well in the locality. Selective cutting should be observed.

2412.5

16.49

Can still be utilized for pasture but best suited for forestry purposes. If used for pasture, it will need very liberal fertilization, liming and reseeding. For forestry, the trees to be planted should be those growing well in the locality. Selective cutting should be observed.

495

3.57

Can still be utilized for pasture but best suited for forestry purposes. If used for pasture, it will need very liberal fertilization, liming and reseeding. For forestry, the trees to be planted should be those growing well in the locality. Selective cutting should be observed.

Alimodian clay 25.0 to 40.0% slope no apparent erosion

102.5

0.74

Recommended for pasture if pasture rotation every 3-4 months is practiced and number of cattle heads is limited to prevent ever grazing. Can be still be grown to permanent crops like corn, coffee, coconut, mango, banana, abaca, rubber and other locally adopted fruit trees provided cover cropping, contour planting and other erosion control measures employed.

Alimodian clay 40.0 to 60.0% slope apparent erosion

2762.5

19.2

Can still be used for pasture but best suited for forestry purposes. If used for pasture, it will need liberal fertilization, liming and reseeding. For forestry, it will need selective logging.

32.5

0.22

May be grown to coconut and source of construction materials.

5

0.03

For wildlife, fish ponds and salt beds.

Beach sand Swamp, Brackish

TOTAL

11,812.5

Source: Soils and Water Management Bureau, DA (SEPP, 2008)

2.4

Geology, Faults and Trenches 2.4.1 Geology

The basement complex of Puerto Galera is pre-Jurassic. It is made of undifferentiated amphibolite, quartzofeldspathic and mica schist, and phyllites-slates frequently associated with marble and quartzite. The landform is broadly folded, with some narrow zones of close folding The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

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broken by up thrusts. The prevailing schistsity is generally parallel; some are oblique and/ or perpendicular to the bedding. About the oldest form of life found in the Philippines belongs to the horn coral (Gshelia), a conical marine form that once lived during the Carboniferous, some 350 million years ago. These were recovered in Puerto Galera. Also from Mindoro, thorn species of foramifera have been identified as having lived about 30 million years ago. These are the Reusella spinolosa, found in Puerto Galera, similar to a type from the Miocene in Europe, the Globigerinoids ruber, also going back to the Miocene and the Haurina fragilissima known in Oligocene rocks. N

2.4.2 Faults and Trenches

Trough Lu zon

TRENCH

H NC RE

MANILA

aS ea

T INE

hC h in

TR.

ILIP PH

P

Sou t

LU SU

TO

T

Celebes Sea

CO

The simplified tectonic map of the Philippines shows the approximate location of major trenches.

Sulu Sea

TR ROS NEG NCH EN CH TRE

1. The Aglubang River Fault, which is a branch of the Central Mindoro Fault, follows a north-south axis; and 2. Manila Trench follows a north-south axis.

Philippine Sea

AB A

Two (2) major fault systems indirectly affect Puerto Galera. Lubang Fault which is the eastwest trending high-angle fault has its eastern terminus in the vicinity of the town. The other is the Central Mindoro Fault which is a northwestsoutheast trending normal fault with its north terminus pointing towards Puerto Galera. Other fault lines are branches of the two major fault systems. These branch fault lines were specifically identified as follows:

Simplified tectonic map of the PHILIPPINES

Source: SEPP, 2008

Figure 2. Simplified Tectonic Map of the Philippines

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2.5

Climatological Conditions

Based on the modified Coronas' Climate Classification, Puerto Galera has a Type III climate.

Source: PAG-ASA, SEPP, 2008

Figure 3. Climate Map of the Philippines

2.6

Resources

2.6.1 Mineral Resources As of 1996, Limestone and Marble are the non-metallic mineral reserves accounted by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB). Marble deposits are about 68,291,850 tons where 17,115,375 tons are found in Barangay San Isidro. The location of the remaining 51,176,475 tons of marble were not specified by the MGB but are locally known to be distributed in Barangay Dulangan and Mt. Malasimbo in Sitio Talipanan, Barangay Aninuan. There are also marble deposits in Aninuan that have an extractive potential for 200 years. White, green, cream and gray are among the varieties of marble deposits in the locality. Marble deposits, however, are covered by the ancestral domain where claim, extraction, and digging of the mineral either for commercial or household use is prohibited. The marble deposits of Dulangan and Tabinay are the only ones that can be extracted in the town. Limestone reserve is quantified at 49,983,025 tons . Other source identified fine to nugget sizes of gold averaging at 1mm at Ebuyi, Subaang and Binaybay rivers. Sluice box method is commonly used for gold extraction. Total gold deposits in the entire area were estimated at 3,000 tons.

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Guano deposits, an organic fertilizer can be found in the Python Cave in Tabinay whereas silica granules are found along the beaches of San Isidro. Other minerals found in Puerto Galera are feldspar in the dike, sills, and schists in meta quartzdiorite in northeast of Mount Malasimbo.

2.6.2 Marine Resources General Condition Puerto Galera is internationally acclaimed for being rich in marine resources and being at the center of the center of marine biodiversity. Mangroves, and coral reefs irregularly scattered and boarder municipal’s coastal and marine areas. It’s five (5) kilometer foreshore are home to various marine species which is considered protected area and marine sanctuary. It has been declared as a Man and Biosphere Reserve in 26 December 1973 by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 354 to promote ecosystem management. A project report entitled “ An Opportunity to Invest in Puerto Galera, Mindoro Oriental, Sabang Sewerage System and Wastewater Treatment Facility, described Puerto Galera’s coast. Accordingly, it has a 42 km long irregular shoreline, rimmed with white beaches and coconut plantations. At the eastern side of the coast, crescents of white beaches are interspersed with limestone cliffs and escarpments that are penetrated by inland bays and coves. These numerous coves and water channels support a rich marine life forming non-coral communities. Underwater visibility varies from 10m/30ft to 30m/100ft, sometimes even better depending on water temperature, current strength and wind direction. The best diving conditions are usually from April to September. As water temperature reaches 290C, the seas are at their calmest and clearest visibility. In December, water temperature drop to as low as 220C on the deeper dives due to thermo clines caused by upwelling of clear, cooler water. However, conditions remain good enough for year round diving. Table 3 . List of Accommodation Facilities by Barangay, 2009-2011

Barangay Aninuan Balatero Baclayan Dulangan Palangan Poblacion Sabang San Antonio San Isidro Sinandigan Sto. Nińo Tabinay Villaflor Total

2009 11 0 0 2 8 5 61 0 56 2 7 3 0 155

2010 11 0 0 2 7 5 62 0 58 2 6 3 0 156

2011 11 0 0 2 8 7 62 0 59 2 7 4 0 162

Source: Municipal Tourism Office, 2011

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Currently, coastal and marine areas are generally being utilized for tourism and residential purposes. Tourists appreciate the value of underwater scenery and water leisure thru diving snorkeling, swimming, and various water sports activities. Tourism facilities like resorts, hotels and restaurants, and souvenir shops dominated Sabang and White Beach-San Isidro coasts encroaching the 25 meters required shoreline setback. Between CYs 1997-2007, the number of accommodation facilities in Puerto Galera raised from 81 to 140. These resulted to 72.83% increase in the number of accommodation facilities for a ten year period. In 2009, data shows that 39.35% of resort establishments are found in Sabang and 36.13% in San Isidro (White Beach and Minolo). Aside from tourism facilities, outrigger boats which are being used to convey passengers are scattered despite existing berthing areas. Some resorts and dwelling units irregularly occupied coastal areas. Port facilities are also present which are specifically situated in Minolo-San Isidro, Balatero and Muelle-Poblacion. Aside from being one of the major ports of entry, Muelle Bay became a niche to Puerto Galera Yacht Club because of its unique character. Municipal Public Park is also situated along the coastal areas. Regulated fishing still exists for economic gain. Mangroves thickly scattered in seven areas: Sabang (Dalaruan and Balaytigue), Tabinay (Sigayan Point), San Isidro (Minolo), Sto. Niño, San Antonio, Palangan (Kabilang Gulod and Malaking Parang) and Poblacion (Muelle Bay and Balete). Deforestation and cutting of mangrove species for economic gain occurred in the previous years. However, the community managed to keep significant quantity of mangrove forest. These serve as erosion control, breeding ground for a variety of marine species, and protection against typhoons. In 1997, Miguel Fortes presented in his working paper an account of the Puerto Galera’s four major mangrove areas (refer to Table below) Table 4. Status of Mangrove Areas

Location

Status

Sabang (Dalaruan) Tabinay (Sigayan Point) San Isidro (Minolo) Poblacion

Disturbed Disturbed Undisturbed Disturbed

Areas (Ha.) 6.25 3.68 10.50 4.75

No. Of Species 15 9 11 15

Impact Removal Removal Natural Removal

Area For Rehabilitation (Ha.) 4.00 7.06 11.16 4.25

Source: Modified from BACONGUIS et. Al (SEPP, 2008) Other areas are not covered by Fortes Study

Using the same source, Fortes1 likewise stated that there are nineteen trees and palm trees within the mangrove areas. Bakauan dominate the area, but api-api and bungalon are also available. Deforestation and rampant cutting of mangrove trees for fuel wood and housing materials have reduced the existing mangrove area. The mangrove area in Minolo is the largest (10.50 hectares), most diverse, undisturbed and, primarily because of the concern of the inhabitants, most preserved of all the mangrove areas in Puerto Galera. Mangrove areas in Barangays Sabang, Tabinay, and Poblacion have been disturbed due to increased demand for _________________________________ 1

Dr. Miguel D. Fortes is a Filipino scientist who came out with a list of fish families, mollusks, reptiles, birds and mammals that thrive in mangrove areas in the Philippines.

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agriculture, aquaculture and industrial development. The areas being occupied by mangroves increased to 55 hectares because of collective rehabilitation efforts from among the various stakeholders initiated by the local government. Puerto Galera’s waters teem with marine life. The diverse corals and sea grasses are responsible for the production of colorful tropical fishes as well as edible species. The Bay of Puerto Galera has an area of 4.2 square kilometers. It is framed by short projections and numerous points of Mindoro Island on the west and on the east. Two much smaller islands called Medio in the north and Paniquian in the northwest cap this. These islands protect Puerto Galera’s Muelle Bay from the open sea, thus making it an ideal harbor. This protected bay provides shelter to ships and various vessels during typhoons. The numerous coves and the channel areas support a rich range of marine life, forming “non-reef coral communities.” Coral Reefs In the scientific studies of corals in Puerto Galera, two general trends have been inferred. One is that the most exposed and sheltered sites have consistently higher similarity values of life forms than those in the deep and/or channel areas. This implies a narrower range of variation in life over time. Some of the life forms exhibiting changes and varieties of marine flora and fauna can be found in Muelle Bay. Most wave-exposed sites with the least variation in life form suggest the strong persistence of the patia landscape type present even under the force of typhoon effects. The overall condition of coral reefs in Puerto Galera is fair, having a 31.40% average of living coral cover, with only 9% for submissive species of Acropora and 23% for the other hard coral species. The abiotic components accounted for 49%. Porites has the highest occurrence among the non-Acropora genera. It has 159 recorded occurrences making it the dominant genus in the area. Denrophyyllids like Tubastrea micrantha comprised most of the submissive to branching form. They possess remarkable skeletal strength although they do not harbor Zooxanthellae. Fortes accounted a total of 48 genera of hard corals in his study. A research study has also found a very rare species of hard coral located only at Muelle, Puerto Galera, thereby earning the scientific name Puerto Galleriae.

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Table 5. Life Forms and Their Code, Puerto Galera Category Hard Corals Acropora: Branching Encrusting Submissive (digitate) Tabulate Non-Acropora: Branching Encrusting Foliose Massive Submissive (digitate) Mushroom Millepora (fire coral) Heliopora (blue coral) Dead Scleractinia Dead Coral With Algal Covering

Code

Category

Code

ACB ACE ACS ACT

Algae Macro Turf Carolline Halimeda Algal Assemblage

MA TA CA HA AA

Other Fauna Soft Corals Sponge Zoanthids Others

SC SP ZO OT

CB CE CF CM CS CMR CME CHL DA DCA

Aboitic Sand Rubble Silt Water Rock

S R SI WA RCK

Source: SEPP, 2008

Fish Varieties of multi-colored tropical fishes can be found in the reef fish areas of Puerto Galera. Species belong to the families such as anemone fish (Amphirondidae), parrot fish (Scaridae), butterfly fish (Haetodotidae), rabbit fish (Siganidae rat) and surgeon fish (Acanthruridae), Sea urchins and sea cucumbers are also abundant, though people are not familiar with these species. They do not harvest these nutritious marine products for food. Records of the research studies in Puerto Galera show that there are approximately 177 species of fishes belonging to the pomocenthidae and labridae species. There are 50 recorded occurrences of ten species belonging to family pomocentridae with a total of 4,451 individuals. Family Labridae shows the same number of occurrences with 50 of the ten species with a total of 1,056 individuals.

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Table 6. Family Pomocentridae and Labridae Specie, Puerto Galera No. Of Occurrence

No. Of Individuals

% Abundance Composition

Cumulative % Abundance

Family Pomocentridae Pomacentrus bracblalis P. flavicauda Paraglyphidodon Dascyllus trimaculatus Amblyglyphidodon leucogaster Dascyllus reticulatus Chromis Weberi C. termatensis Pomacentrus amboinensis Chromis caerules

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

1,893 386 366 354 344 322 254 192 174 166

32.80 6.69 6.35 6.13 5.96 5.57 4.4 3.33 3.02 2.88

32.80 39.49 45.84 51.97 57.93 63.50 67.90 71.23 74.25 77.13

Family Labridae Cirrbilabrus cyanopleura Thalassoma lunare Labroides dimidiatus Halichoeres prosopelon H. boeveni Coris variegata Chellinus fasciatus Chellinus celebicus Crrbilabrus temminckii Labropsis manabel

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

818 88 26 23 22 18 17 16 15 13

67.89 7.34 2.16 1.92 1.79 1.5 1.41 1.32 1.27 1.11

67.89 76.23 77.39 79.31 81.11 82.61 84.02 85.34 86.61 87.72

Species

Source: Study of V.V. Holimen and H.T. Yap, MSI-UP

Puerto Galera has one of the densest seagrass meadows in Oriental Mindoro. These consist of Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, Thalassia hemprichii, C. serrulata, Halodule ininervis (both narrow and leaf varieties), S. isoetifolum, Halophila ovalis and H. minor. This is 0.70% of the total number of seagrass species so far reported in Puerto Galera. The sediment types range from silt to sandy-clay.

2.6.3 Forest Resources The mountain ranges: Mount Malasimbo along Barangay Aninuan, Mount Alinyaban in Barangay Balatero and Mount Talipanan spanning the barangays of Aninuan and San Isidro. These mountains reach peak elevations of 1,400 meters above sea level and provide natural habitats to rare animals such as the deer, the wild boar, monkeys and the Tamaraw. Its mountain springs are natural habitats to orchid varieties such as the Tawa-Tawa, the Tiger orchid and the Mariposa. Forest ecosystems can be classified as mossy and dipterocarp forests. These are considered easy trekking sites for mountaineers and good sites for ecotourism activities. Molave Park located at Barangay Sabang covers 3.0790 hectares of Puerto Galera’s total land area. It has been accounted that the park has a total of 250 molave trees. The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

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2.6.4

Water Resources

Water is essential for socio – economic development and for maintaining healthy ecosystem. Properly managed water resources are critical component of growth, poverty reduction and equity. With higher rates of urbanization, increasing demand for drinking water will put stress in existing water resources. Puerto Galera has a rugged topography. The land is generally mountainous and crisscrossed by numerous streams, lakes and rivers which are scattered throughout. The two (2) barangays where hot springs can be located, are Barangays Tabinay and Villaflor. In Tukuran, Villaflor there are streams of cool and crystal clear water. Springs and rivers are being tapped for water supply which can be found in Baclayan, Tabinay, Dulangan and Villaflor. 2.6.5

Flooding Hazards

Several barangays were identified to be flood susceptible. These include Barangays Aninuan, San Isidro, Balatero, Sto. Niño, Poblacion, Tabinay, and Dulangan. These are areas for which the combination of factors is likely to create adverse flood and inundation problems. It includes areas along active river system, abandoned river channels and areas adjacent to river banks. Nine (9) active river systems can be found in Puerto Galera. These are Olgan, Ebuye, Abangan and Visayan rivers in Barangay Villaflor, Dulangan river in Barangay Dulangan, Big Tabinay and Small Tabinay Rivers in Barangay Tabinay, Talipanan and Aninuan Rivers in Barangay Aninuan. Other water channels specifically active creeks can be found in Barangays Poblacion, Sto. Nino, and Balatero.

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Socio-Economic and Physical Profile 14

Source: Mines and Geosciences Bureau, 2011

Figure 4. Flood Susceptibility Map of Puerto Galera

2.6.6

Landslide Susceptibility

Several barangays were identified to be landslide susceptible. These include Barangays Aninuan, San Isidro, Balatero, Tabinay, Villaflor, Baclayan and Dulangan. These are areas for which the combination of factors may adversely influence slope stability and create serious landslide problems. It also include areas with existing or active landslides, steep natural slopes, The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

Socio-Economic and Physical Profile 15

particularly in weak geologic materials such as colluvial soil and old landslide debris; areas in or at the mouth of drainages; below cliffs or hills without crop of fractured rocks and steep construction-related cut or fill slopes.

Source: Mines and Geosciences Bureau, 2011

Figure 5. Landslide Susceptibility Map of Puerto Galera

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Socio-Economic and Physical Profile 16

3.

DEMOGRAPHY

Table 7. Population by Municipality

3.1 Provincial Population

Municipality

Oriental Mindoro has a total population of 735,769 as of 2007 National Population Census. Municipal population distribution within the province shows that Puerto Galera ranks 14th or the second least populated area. While Calapan City shares 15.90 percent of the total provincial population, Puerto Galera shares only 3.81 percent which exceeded San Teodoro by only 1.77 percent. In-migration is expected to significantly contribute to the municipality’s total population in the succeeding censual year as a pull over effects of vibrant tourism activities in the area.

Calapan City Baco Bansud Bongabong Bulalacao Gloria Mansalay Naujan Pinamalayan Pola Puerto Galera Roxas San Teodoro Socorro Victoria Total

Population Percentage (2007) Share (%) 116,976 34,127 35,664 61,127 30,188 40,561 43,974 90,629 77,119 32,635 28,035 46,711 15,039 38,052 44,932 735,769

15.90 4.64 4.85 8.31 4.10 5.51 5.98 12.32 10.48 4.44 3.81 6.35 2.04 5.17 6.11 100.00

Source: NSO, 2008

3.2 Historical Population Growth

Annual Growth Rate (%)

Since 1970, Puerto Galera’s population has been continuously growing at a remarkable rate. During its peak rate, derived between 1970-1975 at 5.73%, the municipality outgrown the provincial APGR by 2.3% and the Calapan City by 2.54%. Though declining APGR pattern was prevalent from 1970-1990, the rate of increasing population was seemingly high as compared to the province and Calapan City. Between 1990-1995, the municipal Province Calapan City Puerto Galera APGR dropped at its lowest rate of 1.52% 7 where the province and Calapan City’s 6 APGR was recorded higher. After 1995, 5 population growth rate raised to 2.39%, 4 3 exceeding Calapan City by .52%. In 2007 2 population census, the municipality 1 represents the highest rate of population 0 increase at 3.57%, among the municipalities' in Oriental Mindoro. It 1980 1995 2000 2007 1975 1990 Year even surpassed the premier growth center in the province by 2.14% Source: NSO, 2008

Figure 6. Historical Population Growth, 1975-2007

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Socio-Economic and Physical Profile 17

Table 8.

3.3

Current and Projected Population by Urban-Rural Barangays (2009-2020)

Out of 13 barangays only Poblacion is considered urban with a total population of 4,263 representing 15.21% of total municipal population. The remaining 23,772 or 84.79% resides in rural barangays where significant share of 11.84% and 11.31% dwells in San Isidro and Balatero respectively.

Historical Population Change (1970-2007) Apgr (%)

Year Province 1970 1975 1980 1990 1995 2000 2007

328,364 388,744 446,938 550,049 600,616 681,818 735,769

Calapan City

Apgr (%)

47,532 55,608 67,370 85,898 96,506 105,910 116,976

3.43 2.83 2.09 1.77 2.57 1.09

3.19 3.91 2.41 2.35 1.87 1.43

Puerto Galera 7,659 10,129 12,306 19,741 20,207 21,925 28,035

Source: NSO Population and Housing Census APGR Computed using Geometric Method

Using the derived 3.57% APGR, projected total population is estimated at 31,264 by the year 2010 and will reach 44,233 by 2020. Looking at historical percentage share by each barangay, Baclayan has consistently declining population share since 1990 suggesting out-migration pattern. Dulangan exhibited the same percentage pattern in 1995. In 2000, Palangan, San Antonio, and Villaflor started to manifest declining trend in total population’s share joining Baclayan. Such out-migration is caused primarily by the indigenous peoples’ nomadic nature. Other factors that brought about this are the weather conditions, peace and order situation and meager source of livelihood in the place where they dwell. Aside from their being itinerant, the presence of a more or less permanent Mangyan settlement area in Sitio Talipanan, Barangay Aninuan, contributed to the out-migration. Table 9. Historical Population Percent Share by Barangay Barangay

Poblacion Aninuan Baclayan Balatero Dulangan Palangan Sabang San Antonio San Isidro

Sto. Nino Sinandigan

Tabinay Villaflor Total

Total Pop'n 2,407 1,289 1,013 2,275 1,765 2,407 1,775 701 1,529 692 620 1,563 1,705 19,741

1990 Percent Share 12.19 6.53 5.13 11.52 8.94 12.19 8.99 3.55 7.75 3.51 3.14 7.92 8.64

100

Total Pop'n 2,819 1,670 697 2,664 728 2,819 2,291 601 1,723 659 790 1,583 1,163 20,207

1995 Percent Share 13.95 8.27 3.45 13.18 3.60 13.95 11.34 2.97 8.53 3.26 3.91 7.83 5.76

100

Total Pop'n 2,805 1,501 500 3,210 2,282 918 2,752 585 1,977 1,278 931 2,161 1,025 21,925

2000 Percent Share 12.79 6.85 2.28 14.64 10.41 4.19 12.55 2.67 9.02 5.83 4.24 9.86 4.67

100

Total Pop'n 4,263 2,485 427 3,172 2,500 1,118 2,702 695 3,319 1,701 1,433 2,579 1,641 28,035

2007 Percent Share 15.21 8.86 1.52 11.31 8.92 3.99 9.64 2.48 11.84 6.07 5.11 9.20 5.85

100

Source: NSO Population and Housing Census, 2007

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Socio-Economic and Physical Profile 18

Apgr (%) 5.73 3.97 3.91 1.52 2.39 3.57

Table 10.

Projected Urban-Rural Total Population (2009-2020)

Total

Barangay POP'N 2007

Projected Population

Percent Share 1990

1995

2000

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2020

Urban Poblacion

4,263

15.21

2,407

2,819

2,805

4,586

4,755

4,931

5,114

5,303

5,499

5,702

6,728

2,485

8.86

1,289

1,670

1,501

2,671

2,770

2,872

2,979

3,089

3,203

3,322

3,919

427

1.52

1,013

697

500

458

475

493

511

530

550

570

672

Balatero

3,172

11.31

2,275

2,664

3,210

3,410

3,536

3,667

3,802

3,943

4,089

4,240

5,003

Dulangan

2,500

8.92

1,765

728

2,282

2,689

2,789

2,892

2,999

3,110

3,225

3,344

3,946

Palangan

1,118

3.99

2,407

2,819

918

1,203

1,247

1,294

1,341

1,391

1,443

1,496

1,765

Sabang

2,702

9.64

1,775

2,291

2,752

2,906

3,014

3,125

3,241

3,361

3,485

3,614

4,264

Rural Aninuan Baclayan

San Antonio

695

2.48

701

601

585

748

775

804

834

865

897

930

1,097

San Isidro

3,319

11.84

1,529

1,723

1,977

3,570

3,702

3,839

3,981

4,128

4,281

4,439

5,237

Sto. Nino

1,701

6.07

692

659

1,278

1,830

1,898

1,968

2,041

2,116

2,195

2,276

2,685

Sinandigan

1,433

5.11

620

790

931

1,541

1,598

1,657

1,718

1,782

1,847

1,916

2,260

Tabinay

2,579

9.20

1,563

1,583

2,161

2,774

2,876

2,983

3,093

3,207

3,326

3,449

4,069

Villaflor

1,641

5.85

1,705

1,163

1,025

1,764

1,829

1,897

1,967

2,040

2,115

2,193

2,588

23,772

84.79

17,334

17,388

19,120

25,564

26,509

27,491

28,507

29,562

30,656

31,789

37,505

28,035

100

19,741

20,207

21,925

30,150

31,264

32,422

33,621

34,865

36,155

37,491

44,233

Total (Rural) Total Urban-Rural

Source: NSO Population and Housing Census, 2007

With regards to the number of households, there has been no NSO records showing the number of households. The number of households was derived using the average regional and provincial number of households, five members for every households. Poblacion has the largest number of households while Baclayan has the least number of households at 853 and 85 respectively. By 2020, the total number of households is expected to grow at approximately 3,244. Recurring percentage distribution for each barangay were anticipated from 2010 to 2020.

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Socio-Economic and Physical Profile 19

Table 11. Projected Number of Households by Barangay, (2010-2020) Projected No. Of Households 2007 No. Of Percentage Barangay Households Share 2010 2015 2020 Poblacion Aninuan Baclayan Balatero Dulangan Palangan Sabang San Antonio San Isidro Sto. Nino Sinandigan Tabinay Villaflor Total

853 497 85 634 500 224 540 139 664 340 287 516 328 5,607

15.20 8.90 1.50 11.30 8.90 4.00 9.60 2.50 11.80 6.10 5.10 9.20 5.90 100

951 554 95 708 558 250 603 155 741 380 320 576 366 6,257

1,141 665 114 848 669 300 723 186 888 456 384 690 439 7,503

1,346 784 135 1,001 790 353 853 220 1,048 537 452 814 518 8,851

Source: MPDO,2011

3.4 Population Density Considering the total land area and the 2007 total population the municipality looks very sparsely populated at 1 person/hectare. The result practically shows Poblacion to be densely populated as compared with other barangays. Availability of basic infrastructure facilities and social services affected the density level in the area. Sabang and San Antonio give density derived at 601 persons/square kilometer and 612 persons/ square kilometer respectively. Table 12. Population Density by Barangay Total 2007 Land Barangay Density Area Population (Persons/Sq.Km) (Sq.Km) Aninuan 21.68737 2,485 115 Baclayan 27.36800 427 16 Balatero 14.31518 3,172 222 Dulangan 12.95183 2,500 193 Palangan 3.86283 1,118 289 Poblacion 3.76184 4,263 1133 Sabang 4.49401 2,702 601 San Antonio 1.13612 695 612 San Isidro 8.53356 3,319 389 Sinandigan 4.56975 1,433 314 Sto. Nino 5.32716 1,701 319 Tabinay 97.68153 2,579 26 Villaflor 46.78312 1,641 35 Total 252.47230 28,035 111

2020 Population 3,919 672 5,003 3,946 1,765 6,728 4,264 1,097 5,237 2,260 2,685 4,069 2,588 44,233

Density (Persons/Sq.Km) 181 25 349 305 457 1,788 949 966 614 495 504 42 55 175

Source: MPDO, 2008

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Socio-Economic and Physical Profile 20

Source: MPDO, 2011

Figure 7. Population Density Map By Barangay, 2007

Source: MPDO, 2011

Figure 8. Population Density Map By Barangay, 2020 The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

Socio-Economic and Physical Profile 21

4.

INFRASTRUCTURE UTILITIES/FACILITIES 4.1

Transport System 4.1.1

Internal Road Network

The National Road passing thru the Poblacion known to be Concepcion Street has the most ancillary facility such as pedestrian, sidewalk, waiting sheds, street lights and road signages. However, there is a need to enhance road facilities to increase road safety and efficient service especially the pedestrians crossing and the streetlights. Two-way capacity roads providing internal linkages have a narrow width with no proper setbacks. One-way street/road was adopted within developed urban areas to loosen traffic congestion especially going to Sabang and White Beach and within the vicinity of Poblacion from 6:00am to 6:00pm. Diversion road is also proposed to serve as an alternate route connecting the southern and western part of the town. Another possible road for re-routing are; Public Market and Plaza Iluminada to Provincial Road and Hospital to Sto.Niño to National Highway. Poblacion’s Y-shaped access roads provide major rural-urban linkages. These are as follows: 1. Poblacion-Palangan road connects Poblacion to the northeastern barangays - Palangan, Sinandigan, and Sabang. 2. Poblacion-Aninuan road (national road) connects Poblacion to the western barangaysBalatero, San Isidro, and Aninuan. 3. Poblacion-Tabinay road (national road) connects Poblacion to southern barangaysTabinay, Dulangan, and Villaflor. Poblacion-Sto. Nino roads provide directly connect upland barangays to Poblacion. An alternative route going to Baclayan is thru Poblacion-Balatero road or Poblacion-Baclayan road. Table 13. Inventory of Ancillary Road Facilities, 2008 Location Of Ancillary Road Facility Type Of Ancillary National Road Provincial Road Municipal Road Road Facilities Road Name No. Condition Road Name No. Condition Road Name No. Condition Pedestrian Crossing Concepcion St.

Marker 5 Removed

Sidewalk Waiting Sheds

Passable (both 2 sides) 2

Street Lights Road Signage

Concepcion St.

66 Concepcion St. 92 Functional Concepcion St. 5

Paseo de Cataquis

11 19 Functional Ok

Marker 1 Removed

40 75 Functional

Source: Municipal Engineering Office, 2008

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Socio-Economic and Physical Profile 22

The existing road system provides internal accessibility connecting Poblacion to secluded barangays using a tricycle, the most common mode of internal public transport. Whereas in Sinandigan, "driverdriven motorcycle for hire" formerly referred to as "Habal-Habal" is being utilized for public transport.

Table 14. Travel Distance by Barangay from Poblacion Distance Barangay Travel Time (Min.) (Km) Aninuan 11.00 25 Baclayan 4.50 30 Balatero 3.00 10 Dulangan 7.00 15 Palangan 3.00 10 Sabang 5.50 15 San Antonio 2.41 20 San Isidro 7.00 20 Sto. Nino 1.50 5 Sinandigan 7.00 25 Tabinay 4.00 5 Villaflor 14.00 30

The 53.131 kilometers national road also facilitates internal mobility. Out of the total kilometer length nearly negligible percentage are either concrete (18.603 km. or 0.35%) or asphalt (6.323 km. or 0.12%) but are considered well maintained. Source: SEPP, 2008 The three areas, exhibiting urban character, White Beach, Sabang, and Poblacion are connected by the national road providing land transport. Sea transport is likewise possible using privately rented motorized banca. The existing national road likewise connects Villaflor, the southernmost barangay, and Aninuan the northernmost barangay. Public Utility Jeepney (PUJ) regularly ply to Aninuan. Whereas, all PUJ going to Calapan pass through Villaflor. Special trips are provided by tricycles at a higher rate. Temporary land transport terminal is available in rear end of Poblacion. Provided space, however, is insufficient to accommodate the volume of standby land transport vehicle. Meanwhile, relaxed roads were utilized for terminal purposes. Table 15. Existing Road Length by Category and Barangay Name Of Barangay Aninuan Baclayan Balatero Dulangan Palangan Poblacion Sabang San Antonio San isidro Sinandigan Sto. Nińo Tabinay Villaflor TOTAL

National Road Concrete (m) 2,970

Provincial Road

Asphalt

Concrete

Gravel

(m)

(m)

(m)

1,745 6,966

970

623

1,051

1,500 3,680

Municipal Road EarthConcrete Filled (m) (m)

2,794

967 3,335

40

7,340

100

2,473

4,603 1,135

3,550 1,249

50

1,816 9,031 32,414

(m) 370 50 200

1,000

2,834

Asphalt

Gravel

(m)

(m)

1,500 2,000

2,117

2,000

6,323

800

EarthFilled (m) 2,634 3,561 5,800 1,500 800

Concrete

1,000

2,160

329 3,970 18,603

Barangay Road

960

3,077

7,308

3,500

Source: DPWH, Municipal Planning & Development Office, 2011

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Socio-Economic and Physical Profile 23

Source: Municipal Planning & Development Office, 2011

SABANG PIER

13° 30' 30"N

O R

1574

AN

O

P A S S A G E

G AN

AC HA NN EL

SI L

MA N IL

NEL CHAN NGAS BATA

SAN ANTONIO

13° 30' 30"N

I S L A N D

PUERTO G NG

BAY A

N

121° 00' 00"E

120° 59' 30"E

120° 59' 00"E

120° 58' 30"E

120° 58' 00"E

120° 57' 30"E

120° 57' 00"E

120° 56' 30"E

120° 56' 00"E

120° 55' 30"E

120° 55' 00"E

120° 54' 30"E

120° 54' 00"E

120° 53' 30"E

13° 31' 00"N

V E R D E

A

120° 53' 00"E

2

13° 31' 00"N

ER AL

120° 52' 30"E

Figure 9. Road Density Map By Barangay

G

MI N

D

MUNICIPALITY OF PUERTO GALERA PROVINCE OF ORIENTAL MINDORO REGION IV-B (MIMAROPA)

SABANG

SINANDIGAN

13° 30' 00"N

BA

LA

MINOLO PIER

TE

R

O

PI ER

13° 30' 00"N

PALANGAN

0

13° 29' 30"N

13° 29' 30"N

1,125

2,500

5,000

7,500

SCALE

10,000

12,500

1:12,500m

BALATERO STO. NINO

SAN ISIDRO

POBLACION

VARADERO BAY

ROAD MAP LEGEND

13° 29' 00"N

13° 29' 00"N

PROVINCIAL BOUNDARY MUNICIPAL BOUNDARY

ANINUAN

BARANGAY BOUNDARY NATIONAL ROAD

TABINAY

13° 28' 30"N

13° 28' 30"N

PROVINCIAL ROAD

BA RA NG AY STO .N INO

MARINE WATER/SHORELINE RIVERS/ CREEKS MUNICIPAL WATERS BRIDGE SPILLWAY

BIN AY

AN D

13° 27' 30"N

AR AN GA Y

TA

PROPOSED DIVERSION ROAD

ET WE EN B

BOULEVARD

13° 27' 00"N

PU TE

13° 27' 00"N

PROPOSED ROAD

DULANGAN

DA RE AB

13° 27' 30"N

BARANGAY ROAD

13° 28' 00"N

D AREA DISP UTE has. 692 464.152

13° 28' 00"N

        

MUNICIPAL ROAD

BACLAYAN

D IS

VILLAFLOR

13° 26' 30"N

13° 26' 30"N

13° 26' 00"N

13° 25' 30"N

M

U

N

I C

I P

A

L

I T

Y

O

F

S

A

N

T

E

O

D

O

R

O

13° 26' 00"N

Source: 13° 25' 30"N

Municipal Cadastral Survey Consultation-Workshop with Stakeholders Municipal Profile

Prepared by: Municipality of Puerto Galera Comprehensive Land Use Plan Technical Working Group

Assisted by: Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board, Region IV-B

Source: Municipal Planning & Development Office, 2011

Figure 10. Road Map of Municipality of Puerto Galera The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

Socio-Economic and Physical Profile 24

4.1.2

External Accessibility

Puerto Galera is directly connected to Batangas City thru a Roll-On-Roll-Off (RORO) system Batangas-Balatero route and vice-versa. Alternate route is via passenger/cargo motorized banca and/or outrigger boats, Batangas-White Beach, Batangas-Sabang, and Batangas-Muelle and vice-versa. It will take about 1.5 hour sea transport to reach the area via RORO and only 1 hour using large outrigger boats. Fourteen (14) shipping companies are currently servicing the locality. About 95.5% of passenger and commodity inter-island mobility are served by sea transport. During peak season, outrigger boats leave from Batangas Port normally in 15minute interval. The schedule varies during lean season and will also be affected by the weather conditions and the loading capacity of the boats. Table 14 shows six (6) active sea transport service providers via Batangas-Puerto Galera utilizing outrigger boats. Motorized bancas with a loading capacity between 8-25 passengers facilitates beach hopping activities by tourists. The same were also utilized to connect Barangay San Antonio to mainland Puerto Galera. Sabang, Muelle, San Isidro, and Balatero are the four main connecting entry and exit points going to San Antonio. Table 16.

Inventory Of Sea Transport Provider Utilizing Outrigger Boat

Name Of Company Minolo Shipping Lines (MSL)

Father and Son Lines (FSL)

ZCL

Brian Shipping Lines

Name Of Boat Falcon V Falcon G Osprey Hawk Penguin 1 Penguin 2 Penguin 3 Penguin 4 Penguin 5 Penguin 6 Penguin 7 Penguin 8 Penguin 7 Super Gigi 1 Super Gigi 2 Lady Zannie Island Cruiser 1 Willen Island Cruiser 2 Brian 1 Brian 4 Brian 5

Loading Capacity (No. Of Passenger) 65 95 100 130 100 110 140 60 61 115 80 136 100 40 40 70 120 120 70 50 50 140

Source: Municipal Tourism Office, 2008

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

Socio-Economic and Physical Profile 25

Table 16.

Inventory Of Sea Transport Provider Utilizing Outrigger Boat

Name Of Company M/B Villa Natividad M/B Commandos

Others

Name Of Boat Villa Natividad 1 Villa Natividad 2 Commados 4 Commandos 6 Commandos 7 Gogonilla 1 Russel John John Clea Chelsea Renzo 1 Renzo 2 Exodus Rhealyne After Dark Captain Gregg's Maritess Everlasting Dreamwave Sulaimar Hiyas

Loading Capacity (No. Of Passenger) 100 100 60 60 120 100 100 100 80 60 60 80 80 80 80 100 100 100 100 n.a.

Source: Municipal Tourism Office, 2008

The existing national road provides land transport that links the municipality to the province’s premier urban center, Calapan City. Thru the same, Puerto Galera is connected to the recently established Strong Republic Nautical Highway (SRNH). Public Utility Jeepneys (PUJ) and Public Utility Van plying Calapan City-Puerto Galera are available from 4 a.m. to 4 p.m. Car rental service may be utilized for a more convenient mobility. There is an existing airstrip in barangay Villaflor, yet idle at the moment either for commercial flights or for private use. 4.2

Power Supply 4.2.1

Power Source

As per ORMECO sales data, approximately 73.73% of the total number of residential units has electric power connections. The remaining residents rely on other sources of lighting like kerosene. Out of 5,044 electric power subscribers, 16.61% are commercial connections utilizing 55.35% of total electric consumption.

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Socio-Economic and Physical Profile 26

Table 17. Number Of Connections By Type Of Users And Average Consumption, 2008 Average No. Of Type Of Connection Consumption Connections (Kwh/Mo) Residential Industrial Commercial Public Building Streetlights (Public) Total

4,134 2 823 67 18 5,044

585,118.50 12,400.40 768,483.30 19,874.90 3,134.10 1,389,011.20

Source: ORMECO, 2008

4.3

Water Supply

Springs, rivers and reservoirs are being tapped for domestic water supply classified as Class AA or Public Water Supply Class I. The construction of spring reservoir benefited nearly the entire barangays. Out of 13 barangays, piped water system extends to 11 barangays. Barangays Dulangan & Villaflor have no access to local waterworks system. As of August 2008, 2,860 connections were accounted for residential consumer and 678 for commercial consumer. The former has a monthly average consumption of 15.5 cubic meters while the latter utilize 44.86 cubic meters. Between CYs 2005 to 2006 average monthly consumption for both residential and commercial subscribers is almost uniform. In 2007, decreasing trend became prevalent. One of the possible reasons that contributed to decreasing water consumption is the water shortage prevalent in 2007. Four (4) improved spring water system served Baclayan, Minolo and Small Tabinay, servicing 3,591 household population. In Baclayan it serves roughly 89.4% of the total household population, 5.7% in Minolo and 4.9% in Small Tabinay. The spring reservoirs servicing the vicinity of Poblacion, clusters of small Tabinay, Sabang, Palangan and Sinandigan, and areas of Sto. Nino and Balatero are connected to Baclayan water intake . Aninuan, San Isidro, and part of Balatero are being supplied by Dimayuga intake water tank. Whereas, Villaflor, Dulangan, and Big Tabinay, utilized separate water intake tank for local consumption. The reservoirs of Baclayan, Poblacion, and Dimayuga can provide 500 cubic meters, 20 cubic meters, and 60 cubic meters respectively. Subscribers of Piped Water System are required to provide of their individual water meter. Though water supply is considered potable, some households prefer boiled water for drinking while international tourists are comfortable on bottled mineral water. Ground water were utilized using shallow wells, production level, however, are affected by lowering water table during dry season. Probable bacterial contamination of shallow wells are considered high because of disadvantage location. Springs that are potential for spring water development are available in San Isidro (Dimayuga), Baclayan, Villaflor, and Aninuan.

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

Socio-Economic and Physical Profile 27

Table 18. Number Of Consumers And Volume Of Consumption Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 (Aug)

No. Of Consumers Residential Commercial 2,811 696 2,875 678 2,833 690 2,860 678

Volume Of Consumption (M 3) Residential Commercial 826,870 626,310 855,798 595,454 825,093 579,582 532,455 364,977

Source: Local Water Works System, August 2008

4.4

Communication

Congruent to other municipalities in the province, basic communication facilities are available in the area like radio telephone system, telegraphic stations, post office, radio telecommunications, and privately owned cellular telecommunications. A postal office accommodated by a private building served as a center for postal mailing and delivery. Two (2) personnel are currently facilitating postal communication. With regards to telecommunications, the IPTS, under the direct supervision of the Bureau of Telecommunications (BUTEL) situated in Muelle, Poblacion provides minimal services to include: ordinary and social telegram, telegraphic transfer and monogram. Five (5) personnel are incharge to operate the telecommunication agency. In early 1998, individual household connections are made possible by GLOBE Telecom, a privately owned telecommunications. At the onset, installation of a telephone lines are concentrated within the vicinity of Poblacion. By 2010, target for service expansion is to reach every rural barangays. Cable system benefited Poblacion, Sto. Nino, and Palangan. Today, fifteen (15) telecommunications towers owned by three giant telecommunications company (SMART, GLOBE, and SUNCELLULAR) and a locally owned telecom company (CATSI), are dispersed in barangays San Isidro, Poblacion, Dulangan, Villaflor, Palangan, Sabang, and Sinandigan. As of 2011, statistics from the field office of CATSI in the municipality, disclosed that there are a total six hundred ninety three (693) subscribers, of which 396 are residential and 297 are commercial. 5.

ECONOMIC BASE 5.1

Agriculture 5.1.1

Utilization, support facilities, and farming techniques

Due to generally elevated terrain with slopes ranging from 15 degrees and above, local farmers preferably cultivate perennial crops. Coconut is considered the major agricultural crops in the locality covering about 2,625 hectares. Because of increasing demand for high value commercial crops, expanding land utilization by adding mangoes, citrus, rambutan, lanzones, banana, pineapple and others has become the strategy. Though most of the farm workers grow The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

Socio-Economic and Physical Profile 28

vegetable products like pole string beans, okra, eggplant, upo, squash, pechay, mustaza, bitter gourd, tomato, and others. Integrated farming techniques is a common practice where livestock production are combined with rice. During lean season, local farmers shifted to fishing activities for their daily subsistence. Farm-to-market roads (FMR) are available in every barangays but remain to be inadequate. Majority of the FMR requires proper maintenance to keep them passable at all times particularly during rainfall months. Whereas there are still production areas which remained not served by FMR. Identified post harvest facilities are two (2) ice plants and a slaughterhouse. Other agricultural support facility includes agri-vet product stores that supply farm inputs. The municipal public market serves as trading center of farm produce. 5.1.1.1

Production

For the past five years (2003-2007), production pattern is quite unimpressive especially banana where production nosedive from 7 metric tons in 2003 to 2.5 metric tons in 2007. Decrease in production level started to manifest between 2004-2005, except for root crops and leafy vegetables showing slight increase, from 5.5 MT to 6.5 MT, and 3.0 MT to 3.5 MT respectively. Data shows increasing trend between 2006-2007 indicating slight recovery in agricultural production except for root crops and banana. Between the same year interval, rice yield increased by 4 cavans/ha., from 96 cavans/ha.(4.8 MT) to 100 cavans/ha.(5 MT).

8.00

Coconut

Annual Production (metric tons/ha.)

7.00

Banana

6.00

Corn

5.00 4.00

Rice

3.00

Leafy Vegetables

2.00

Fruit Vegetables

1.00

Pineapple

0.00

Rootcrops 2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Year

Source: Municipal Agriculture Office, 2010

Figure 11.

Production Pattern (2003-2007)

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Socio-Economic and Physical Profile 29

5.1.2

Fishery

Twelve (12) out of 13 barangays are located along the coastal area. Practically, fishing is one of the major sources of income. The use of fish net, hook and line, thrawl, small basing, ring net, hayhay, and “pana” or arrow are commonly used for fishing. Among the species available for commercial fishing includes herring, anchovy, salmon, tuna, etc. Using a motorized banca, local fishers rarely set off to Palawan for commercial fishing. A total fish catch is estimated at 75 metric tons annually. 5.1.3

Livestock and Poultry

Major livestock and poultry products include cattle, carabao, goat, horse, swine, duck, and chicken. For the period 2003-2007, an increasing livestock and poultry production has been observed except for chicken where total stocks decreased by 8,500, from 125,000 in 2003 to 128,000 in 2004. In 2007, the number of stocks shoot-up to 137,000 giving a total increase of 16,000 stocks. Cattle has been consistently increasing annually, the increase in stocks grows from 300 heads between 2003-2004 to 711 heads between 2006-2007. Duck production also grows annually ranging from 800-1370 heads per annum. Swine exhibited increasing trend in production, though, the level of increase is considered to be nearly insignificant. Considering the province’s 2004-2005 livestock and poultry production, Puerto Galera shares considerable stocks of chicken, swine, goat, and cattle. In 2005, the municipality generated 16% of the province’s cattle and chicken production. In the same year, the municipality represents 13% and 12% of the province’s total goat and swine production respectively. Table 19.

Inventory of Livestock and Poultry

Species

2003 Cattle 2,700.00 Carabao 354.00 Goat 2,800.00 Horse 19.00 Swine 8,500.00 Duck 1,160.00 Chicken 125,000.00

Population 2004 2005 2006 2007 3,000.00 3,503.00 4,139.00 4,850.00 380.00 398.00 427.00 469.00 2,890.00 2,890.00 3,150.00 3,530.00 25.00 31.00 33.00 48.00 9,300.00 10,480.00 11,850.00 12,780.00 1,300.00 1450.00 1,690.00 1,765.00 128,000.00 119,500.00 121,000.00 137,000.00

Source: MAO, 2008

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Socio-Economic and Physical Profile 30

25

23

Percent Share (%)

20 16 15

12

16

13 11

11

12

cattle goat swine

10

chicken

5 0 2004

Source: MAO, 2008

2005 Year

Figure 12. Percentage Share to Province's Livestock and Poultry Production (2004 - 2005)

Commercial swine production are located at the interior part of Barangay Balatero. The production level however still falls on backyard scale which is potentially approaching small scale. 5.2

Commerce and Trade

Generally, inventory of licensed commercial establishments for the CY 2007-2008 shows increasing trend for both the total number of commercial establishments and number of employment. Most of the licensed commercial establishments are categorized for hotel and restaurants, transport and storage representing 68.15% and 70.54% of the municipality’s total commercial establishments for 2006 and 2007, respectively. The result shows that tourism practically influenced preferences on commercial investments. The increasing number of establishments and employment among tourism related commercial activities also suggest competitive tourism industry. Wholesale and retail was seen to be the second most preferred commercial investment. Though there was a slight decrease in the number of wholesale and retail trade establishments between the same year, the number of employment grows by 27.10%. Similarly, health and social work category decreased by the number of establishments but the employment statistics show remarkable increase by 33.55%. Presently, there are three (3) automated teller machines (ATM) servicing local and foreign clients. The two-year comparative inventory implied an expansion in terms of operation and employment capitalization, and greater economic potential for the two commercial economic categories.

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Socio-Economic and Physical Profile 31

Table 20. Inventory Of Commercial Establishments By Economic Activities 2007 2008 Increase/Decrease No. Of No. Of No. Of No. Of % Of % Of Economic Activities Establish- Employ- Establish- Employ- EstablishEmployMent Ment Ment Ment Ment Ment Wholesale and Retail Trade

323

107

322

136

-0.31%

27.10%

1,329

1,466

1,552

1,568

16.78%

6.96%

Communication Financial Intermediation

16 17

68 24

16 23

75 30

0.00% 35.29%

10.29% 25.00%

Real Estate Renting and business Activities

54

40

61

32

12.96%

-20.00%

1 1

1 5

1 1

1 5

0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00%

28

155

23

207

-17.86%

33.55%

131

417

149

494

13.74%

18.47%

Hotel and Restaurants, Transport & Storage

Public Administration and Defense Education Health and Social Work Other Community Social and Personal Service Activities Private Household with employed persons TOTAL

50

60

52

72

4.00%

20.00%

1,950

2,343

2,200

2,620

12.82%

11.82%

Source: LGU Business Permits Division, 2008

Data from Municipal Business and License Permits Office, Years 2008-2012 were obtained, indicating diversity of businesses which are linked-up and interconnected with the tourism industry, and proving itself as the major catalyst for the municipality’s economic progress. Table 21. List of All Business Establishment Business Establishment Apartelle/Apartment/Condo Unit Appliances Outlet Bakery Bank Bar Beauty Parlor/Barber Shop Cable TV Canteen/Fastfood/Eatery/Snack Bar etc. Cockpit Computer Shop/Internet Contractor

Source: Business Permit & Licensing Office, 2011

2007

2008

Permits Issued 2009 2010

2011

3 1 14 3 128 15 1

4 2 14 3 135 15 1

3 2 13 6 122 12 1

3 3 11 5 130 9 1

3 3 16 5 132 16 1

37 2 19 3

45 2 22 4

33 1 18 4

38 1 18 4

49 2 28 4

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Table 21. List of All Business Establishment Business Establishment Cooperative Cottages Courier Disco Distributor Dive Shop Drygoods Store/Boutique Farm (Monkey Farm/Snake Farm) Foundation Funeral Parlor Gasoline Station Grocery Store Hardware/Paint Center Holdings/Realty Hotel House Rental Ice Plant/Ice Cube Laboratory Lessor Lodging House Massage Parlor Meat Shop Medical Clinic Memorial Garden Microfinancing Money Changer

Source: Business Permit & Licensing Office, 2011

5.3

Permits Issued 2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

1 26 1 9 1 40 49 1 2 1 2 4 7

1 27 1 8 3 43 67 2 1 1 2 6 6

4 21 1 6 1 43 63 1 2 1 2 7 8

2 15 1 9 1 42 54 1 2 1 4 7 9

3 15 1 9 1 44 64 1 2 1 4 9 9

10 15 21 2 2 28 131 6 4 7 1 2 6

10 11 24 2 1 27 148 4 6 5 1 1 6

14 11 18 4 2 31 156 8 10 7 1 1 7

7 11 9 4 2 34 198 7 7 7 1 4 6

8 14 9 4 2 36 214 9 13 5 1 4 10

Tourism Industry

The first tourist came to Puerto Galera in mid 1970s. They were young backpackers from Europe, U.S.A. and Australia who stayed as guest in one household and paid a little amount in return. From then on, tourism became gradually known in the locality and became one of the major development catalysts. Today, the municipality is the most frequently visited tourist destination in the entire province. Due to difficulties in establishing tourism data, the number of tourist arrival is not yet firmly accounted. With regards to tourism concentration, tourist influx was noted in Barangay Sabang and White Beach in Barangay San Isidro. To address peace and order issues brought about by high concentration of tourists in the aforementioned areas, deployment of tourist police and establishment of tourist police office are necessary. Investment on tourism facilities is also The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

Socio-Economic and Physical Profile 33