Science Exam 1

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Edexcel GCSE Science Biology B1b Topic 3: Electrical and Chemical Signals Topic 4: Use, Misuse and Abuse Foundation and Higher Tiers Monday 25 June 2007 – Morning Time: 20 minutes Materials required for examination Multiple Choice Answer Sheet HB pencil, eraser and calculator

Items included with question papers Nil

Instructions to Candidates Use an HB pencil. Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Foundation tier candidates: answer questions 1 – 24. Higher tier candidates: answer questions 17 – 40. All candidates are to answer questions 17 – 24. Before the test begins: Check that the answer sheet is for the correct test and that it contains your candidate details. How to answer the test: For each question, choose the right answer, A, B, C or D and mark it in HB pencil on the answer sheet. For example, the answer C would be marked as shown.

A

B

D

Mark only one answer for each question. If you change your mind about an answer, rub out the first mark thoroughly, then mark your new answer. Do any necessary calculations and rough work in this booklet. You may use a calculator if you wish. You must not take this booklet or the answer sheet out of the examination room.

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This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy. ©2007 Edexcel Limited.

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Questions 1 to 16 must be answered by Foundation tier candidates only. Higher tier candidates start at question 17. Boiled egg The picture shows Jane removing her hand quickly after she touched an egg that had just been boiled.

1.

Jane’s behaviour is called A B C D

2.

Jane’s movement involved neurones passing impulses. Which was the first neurone to be used? A B C D

3.

relay sensory motor effector

Jane wants to find out if cold hands react differently from warm hands when touching a hot egg. The best way to do this would be to measure how long it took for A B C D

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a voluntary response an involuntary response a stimulus an impulse

a cold hand from one person to be removed from the egg a cold and a warm hand from one person to be removed from the egg the cold hands from several people to be removed from the egg the cold and the warm hands from several people to be removed from the egg

2

4.

Which should Jane use to measure the reaction time? A B C D

ice clock thermometer egg The most popular drug in the world

The most popular drug in the world is one you probably have every day. This is caffeine. Caffeine is found in tea, coffee and cola. 5.

Caffeine is a A B C D

6.

The main organ affected by caffeine is the A B C D

7.

brain lungs liver stomach

If you drink a lot of coffee with caffeine you are likely to A B C D

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painkiller sedative stimulant antibiotic

have a slower heart rate take longer to react be more alert feel sleepy

3

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8.

These are the ingredients in 250 ml of a popular fizzy drink. TAURINE GLUCURONOLACTONE CAFFEINE NIACIN VITAMIN B6 PANTOTHENIC ACID VITAMIN B12 SUCROSE GLUCOSE

1000 mg 600 mg 80 mg 20 mg 5 mg 5 mg 0.005 mg 21.5 g 5.25 g

How many mg of caffeine would there be in 500 ml of the same drink? A B C D

80 mg 160 mg 250 mg 500 mg Peter’s illness

Peter was worried because he began to lose weight and became very tired. He went to see his doctor. His doctor took a blood sample from Peter. The pie chart shows the four main parts of Peter’s blood.

key plasma platelets red blood cells white blood cells

9.

Most of Peter’s blood is made up of A B C D

10.

The doctor tested Peter’s blood for glucose. Glucose is mostly found dissolved in the A B C D

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plasma platelets red blood cells white blood cells

plasma platelets red blood cells white blood cells 4

The doctor showed Peter a graph showing normal blood glucose concentration and the blood glucose concentration found in Peter’s blood.

blood glucose concentration in mmol per litre

28 ± 24 ± 20 ± 16 ± 12 ± 8± 4± Peter's blood

normal blood

11.

The concentration in Peter’s blood was A B C D

12.

Peter’s blood glucose concentration was much higher than normal. His doctor told him he had A B C D

13.

diabetes fatigue inflammation an addiction

The doctor said that Peter had the illness because an organ in his body was not making enough A B C D

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4 16 20 24

enzymes insulin red blood cells stimulants

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14.

Which organ in Peter’s body was not working properly? A B C D

15.

intestine brain liver pancreas

Peter wanted a second sample of his blood to be tested. This was so the result could be A B C D

16.

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more reliable averaged safer more ethical

The doctor told Peter he would feel better if he had a hormone injection. Which row of the table is correct for hormones? type of message carried by hormones

hormones transported by

A

chemical

nerves

B

electrical

blood

C

chemical

blood

D

electrical

nerves

6

Higher tier candidates start at question 17 and answer questions 17 to 40. Questions 17 to 24 must be answered by all candidates: Foundation tier and Higher tier. Salmonella poisoning Salmonella bacteria can cause disease in humans and animals. 17.

What is the name given to disease-causing organisms? A B C D

18.

Bacteria such as Salmonella can be destroyed in the body by A B C D

19.

below 4 °C and dry below 4 °C and damp above 15 °C and dry above 15 °C and damp

Salmonella bacteria can affect the body when eaten in infected food. What is this type of transmission called? A B C D

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red blood cells plasma platelets white blood cells

Salmonella bacteria can be found in raw chicken. They grow very quickly in the correct conditions. What are the best conditions to store raw chicken to reduce the growth of Salmonella bacteria? A B C D

20.

foreign bodies microbes pathogens viruses

vector borne vehicle borne vertical contact horizontal contact

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Paracetamol Paracetamol is a drug for pain relief that can be bought in supermarkets. It is the most used painkiller in Britain. 21.

Which part of the body may be seriously damaged by taking an overdose of paracetamol? A B C D

22.

How does paracetamol relieve the pain of a headache? A B C D

23.

Transmission across the synapse is slowed down Transmission across the synapse is speeded up Electrical impulses are stopped from travelling along neurones Electrical impulses travel the opposite way along neurones

Which is not a reason for paracetamol being the most used painkiller in Britain? A B C D

24.

heart kidney liver lungs

There are no side effects if used in small amounts Paracetamol is easily available Paracetamol is cheap to buy Large doses can be taken

Heroin can be prescribed by doctors for more severe pain. The problem with prescribing heroin in this way is that A B C D

heroin is a recreational drug patients may develop a tolerance for heroin heroin use increases the risk of infection patients may suffer liver damage TOTAL FOR FOUNDATION TIER PAPER: 24 MARKS

Foundation tier candidates do not answer any more questions after question 24.

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Questions 25 to 40 must be answered by Higher tier candidates only. Foundation tier candidates do not answer questions 25 to 40. Tuberculosis A patient was suffering from TB. Samples from their breath, saliva and fingers were taken and cultured in Petri dishes in the laboratory. The Petri dishes were covered, sealed and incubated. The results are shown below. colony of TB bacteria

colony of TB bacteria

breath 25.

to ensure the cultures would grow as a control for the experiment to kill all other microorganisms before the experiment to protect the scientists doing the experiment

Why were the Petri dishes covered and sealed? A B C D

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by animal vector by hand to hand contact through droplets in the air in drinking water

Before the experiment the Petri dishes were irradiated to sterilise them. Why was this important? A B C D

27.

saliva

Based on the results of the experiment, what would you conclude was the most likely way for TB to be spread? A B C D

26.

fingerprint

to stop contamination from airborne microorganisms to increase the numbers of microorganisms growing to keep the Petri dishes warm in the incubator to minimise the growth of TB microorganisms

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28.

What type of microorganism causes TB? A B C D

bacterium antigen fungus virus

Use the graph to answer questions 29 and 30. The graph shows the number of deaths from TB in Britain since 1840. 4500 4000 number of deaths per million 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1820

29.

1880

1900

most people died between 1820 and 1840 the number of deaths halved between 1840 and 1880 immunisation changed the number of deaths there have been no deaths from TB since 1960

In 1940 Britain had a population of 12 million people. How many people died from TB during this year? A B C D

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1860

The graph shows that A B C D

30.

1840

600 4000 6000 7200

10

1920

1940

1960 1980 year

31.

What would be the effect in Britain of the emergence of drug resistant TB? A B C D

32.

The number of cases of TB would increase and they would be easier to treat The number of cases of TB would increase and they would be more difficult to treat The number of cases of TB would be unaffected but they would be easier to treat The number of cases of TB would be unaffected but the drugs would have the same effect

These two statements are about conditions and the spread of TB. 1 2

The community all live close to one another. Very few people go into or out of the community.

Which are likely to increase the spread of TB? A B C D

1 only 2 only both 1 and 2 neither Contraception

Julie wanted to avoid getting pregnant. She read the passage below in a newspaper. The female sex hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, are found in one type of contraceptive pill. If used correctly, there is only a 0.25% chance of pregnancy in the first year of use. An unfortunate side effect is an increased risk of a stroke. 33.

Julie calculated that if one million women used the pill, the number who could get pregnant in the first year of use would be A B C D

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25 250 2 500 25 000

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34.

Oestrogen helps as a contraceptive because it A B C D

35.

Progesterone helps as a contraceptive because it A B C D

36.

maintains the uterus lining prevents ovulation promotes LH release thickens the uterus lining

The organ that can be damaged by a stroke is the A B C D

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thins the uterus lining promotes FSH release thickens the uterus lining inhibits FSH release

uterus brain liver lung

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Development of drugs to fight cancer According to research in America the number of deaths from most types of cancer is falling due to the development of new and improved drugs. The graph shows the number of drugs in development for cancer as of April 30, 1999. bladder cancer brain cancer breast cancer cervical cancer colon cancer head/neck cancer kidney cancer leukemia liver cancer lung cancer lymphoma multiple myeloma neuroblastoma ovarian cancer pancreatic cancer prostate cancer sarcoma skin cancer solid tumors stomach cancer cancer-related conditions other cancers unspecified cancers

13 23 63 11

46 23 18 38

8 58 37 5 2 41 22 47 6 58 49 12 37 20 21 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Source: www.ncpa.org

37.

In 1999 according to the graph which two types of cancer had the most drugs in development? A B C D

38.

The highest number of cancer deaths in America is due to lung cancer but more drugs are being developed for breast cancer. The most likely reason for this is that A B C D

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breast cancer and colon cancer colon cancer and skin cancer skin cancer and lung cancer lung cancer and breast cancer

the marketing and funding for lung cancer is very successful the marketing and funding for breast cancer is very successful drugs for breast cancer are more expensive to manufacture it is possible to cure lung cancer

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39.

One cause of lung cancer is known to be smoking tobacco. What is the effect of tar and nicotine on the body? A B C D

40.

Nicotine causes mutations of cells in the lungs and tar can clog up the cilia Nicotine is addictive and tar binds to red blood cells instead of oxygen Chemicals in tar cause cell mutations and nicotine is addictive Chemicals in tar block goblet cells and nicotine damages alveoli

These three statements are about the use of opiates in the treatment of terminally ill patients. 1 2 3

Opiates are addictive and are not prescribed to terminally ill patients. Opiates offer very strong pain relief. Opiates can prolong the life of terminally ill patients.

Which are true? A B C D

2 only 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 TOTAL FOR HIGHER TIER PAPER: 24 MARKS END

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