Science And Sports Pres

S POR TS AND

ORIGIN OF SPORTS

“The origin of man’s culture, physical and mental, are found in his original nature and in the environment, with which he has had to cope. These factors have been interactive. Environment has shaped man, and he has modified the world into which he was born. Of the two, environment and man, the former appears to have been the more variable, the latter more constant.”

ORIGIN OF SPORTS

Evolution of the way of living • first means of survival: hunting • required one to be very physical to keep up with his prey …

ORIGIN OF SPORTS

… and escape his predators.

ORIGIN OF SPORTS

Evolution of the way of living • the discovery of agriculture led to a less physical life thus the rise of cooperation among fellow human beings

ORIGIN OF SPORTS Formation of classes

• defined the differentiation of education, mental and physical • Kingly and noble soldiers: professional training in feats of physical skills • Possessed more leisure for physical pastimes a.k.a. sports • mostly derived from remote origins of their past and served as preprofessional and professional training.

ORIGIN OF SPORTS Emergence of sports

• Natural Theory – To give exercise to muscles and to provide explanations for what one finds around him, are both fundamentally satisfying

ORIGIN OF SPORTS Emergence of sports

• Fundamental general tendencies in man constituting the starting point of his physical culture • tendencies to satisfy hunger • preservation of the individual when opposed or pursued by foes • drives operative in mating and

ORIGIN OF SPORTS Emergence of sports

• Fundamental general tendencies in man constituting the starting point of his physical culture • random manipulation of brain and brawn which appears satisfying when in a state of health and freshness • inclination to fear the unknown •

ORIGIN OF SPORTS Emergence of sports

• Physical activities of primitive man • informal apprenticeship • play activities

Games as education Original sources of sportive activities • natural drives of man • religious beliefs and practices • various utilitarian purposes (e.g. train youth)

ORIGIN OF SPORTS

How about Sports in the Philippines? • The ancient Filipinos naturally engage in certain forms of physical activity incidental to their living such as planting, fishing, hunting, tree-climbing, making tools and weapons, and building shelters and boats.

ORIGIN OF SPORTS

Evidences of Physical Education • Select chief base on physical prowess • Duel dances (Sinulog) • War songs (Kumintang) • Primary lifestyle: hunting • Schooling includes native fencing for self-defense

SPORTS AND EQUIPMENT Apparel

• Changes in material composition for better performance • weight reduction • flexibility • support • durability

SPORTS AND EQUIPMENT Apparel

• compositions of shirts and shorts • from cotton to polyester (for greater flexibility and lighter material)

SPORTS AND EQUIPMENT Apparel

• composition and design of shoes • improved composition to become more durable and lighter • designed to give better support and to adapt to playing surfaces

SPORTS AND EQUIPMENT Apparel

• others • supports: more flexible for better movement but gives enough support to critical points in the body to avoid injuries

SPORTS AND EQUIPMENT Other Equipment

• composition and design • improved composition to become more durable and lighter higher performance • composition of most sports equipment like bats, racquets, balls have now changed to more synthetic materials

SPORTS AND EQUIPMENT Playing Surfaces

• composition and design • improved composition to become more durable and lessen the strain on the body of the players

SPORTS AND EQUIPMENT Training program

• the training regimen that athletes are taking into their programs are now better designed for each of their sports to give peak performance

SPORTS AND TECHNOLOGY Positive:

Negative:

- Better training regimens because of better equipment and advances in technology

- Distance between rich and poor: only those who can afford the equipment will be able to benefit from them

- Fairer judgment because of instant replay - Better looking

SPORTS AND TECHNOLOGY Main Points: - Advances in the equipment, apparel and technology are only aids in sports - They only enhance the performance of an athlete - Bottom line: They are not essential for one to be able to become good in sports.

SPORTS AND MEDICINE What are Steroids?

- one of the many classes of drugs which was developed in the 1930s - complete name: Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids - street names: gym candy, juice, pumpers, Arnolds, weight trainers and stackers

SPORTS AND MEDICINE Positive Effects - to treat Hypogonadism

- treatment of impotence, wasting of the body caused by HIV infection and other diseases that cause a loss of lean muscle mass and delayed puberty

Negative Effects

- serious health problems, such as heart attacks, stroke, liver tumors, cancer, jaundice, etc. - severe acne, kidney tumors and trembling - adolescents’ growth will be affected - different gender-based effects - psychiatric side effects

SPORTS AND MEDICINE

Means of Intake & Amount of Time it stays in the body - Oral intake (stays in the body for 1 to 4 weeks) - By injecting it directly into the muscle (stays for 3 to 4 months) - rubbed on the skin in the form of creams or gels • Stacking - different kinds of steroids are taken

SPORTS AND MEDICINE Controversies:

- great pressure to win, huge competition and excel in sports - the use of steroids has been banned by different professional sports leagues - Reasons: - possible dangerous effects on health - unfair advantage - how to detect: urine testing

CONCLUSIONS - Physical exercise is necessary to the growth, the health and happiness of man, mental as well as physical.

- So far as sportive tendencies are concerned, early man was not far different from his modern descendants. - Technological advancements only enhance the ability and skill of the athlete by lessening the strain on the body of the athlete, and better adaptation to the different surfaces that one might be playing on. - One can have a great body and excel in sports without using steroids.