School Led Sanitation

Concept Paper ( Draft) WASH in Schools: School Led Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion Program (SLSHPP) Background: Government of Nepal has declared that good heath is the basic human right endorsing through interim constitution. Although each year diarrhoea disease in Nepal causes 13,000 deaths of children under five or 18% of total deaths – around 35 a day. A 2005 national survey showed that 30 % of households reported current incidences of diarrhoea, dysentery, jaundice, and typhoid or cholera . The main health & hygiene rationale is to reduce exposure to waterrelated illnesses and to improve overall hygiene and sanitation in order to improve the quality of life. There is a high incidence of water-borne disease and contamination due to open defecation and unhygienic behavior. Making Sanitation an agenda of public concern has been challenging in Nepal where only 46% of households have proper latrine facility (Nepal Demographic Survey, 2006). Although, the government has committed to the UN Millennium Development targets of halving the proportion of the world's population without sanitation by 2015 and the national target of achieving universal coverage on sanitation in Nepal by 2017, it is questionable, considering the means and resources allocated for the sanitation sector. Reflecting on the achievements made so far on sanitation some innovative approaches e.g. Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) known as Bangladesh model have been tested and mainstreamed by the several agencies like plan Nepal, Care Nepal, RRN, Red Cross, NEWAH and SNV also supporting capacity building of WaSH stakeholder in CLTS promotion to address the questions and challenges posed above. Karnali zone in general has been facing extraordinary challenges on water supply, sanitation and hygiene. The synopsis of Karnali in the sector is described in the following table. Description 1

Household Percent of water supply coverage2 Population without access to safe water3 (%) Population with access to sanitation3 (%) Numbers of Primary Schools1 1

National Profile 4253220 73.46

Jumla

Mugu

Kalikot

Humla

5812

15850

8261

18487

6953

72.96

92.71

77.67

63.73

77.54

63.82

26.01

44.83

54.54

35.80

13.66

51.73

14.22

39.24

18.12

107

122

119

168

96

20.48 39.22 -

Census 2001 Department of Drinking Water and Sewerage (2005) 3 HDI 2001 2

Dolpa

The Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Policy 2060 has set targets to reach to 100 percent population for water facilities and latrine facilities by 2017. In order to achieve this target, the policy emphasizes on massive renovation, rehabilitation, improvement and expansion work to existing water supply systems. Furthermore, the policy exerts health education and sanitation activity, participatory water quality monitoring and evaluation. In this process, the District Development Committees (DDCs) will be equipped gradually for planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. The SNV Corporate Strategy (2007 – 2015) has included water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) as one of the main sector choices. In parallel to the above-described policies and its approaches, and in pursuit of millennium development goals, SNV has signed agreement with DDCs and NGOs to provide advisory services and LCB will link their capacity building services in five districts of Karnali zone. SNV strategy is formulated in strengthening the sector with the collaboration of different actors at all levels. As per the SNV Strategy 2008- 2009, the main intervention areas to strengthen the sector include: local government service delivery, capacity of civil society service providers (NGOs), inclusive community access and sector coordination and institutional strengthening.

What School can do? Children have a right to basic facilities such as school toilets with adequate water supply, safe drinking water, clean surroundings and basic information on hygiene. If these conditions are created, children learn better and can bring concepts and practices on sanitation and hygiene back to their households and one can teach atleast five/six family members in Nepal context. Even double the size of household will be benefited by a girl student. Schools can play an important role in bringing about behavioral changes and promoting better health. Improved hygiene practices are essential if transmission routes of water- and sanitation-related diseases are to be cut. WASH in Schools is more than construction of facilities. What children and adults do—their behaviors— creates successful WASH in Schools.

One boy student promoter

One girl student promoter

Makes HH promoted

Makes atleast double HH promoted

Objectives: The overall objective of SLSHPP is to improve sustainable access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene for all. Components of SLSHPP: The components of SLSHPP are briefly mentioned as Software Part i) General (preliminary) knowledge of Water System a) Water cycle and components b) Systems involved for purification c) Hardship(cost/labor) involvement for a drop of water ii) General (preliminary) knowledge on Sanitation a) Why sanitation? b) F-diagram and how to break F-route c) Hygiene Promotion in school Hardware Part i) SLTS campaign ii) Rainwater Harvesting for sustainable hygiene promotion in the school iii) Water quality testing for environmental awareness Methodology: Software part: This portion aims enhancement of knowledge on water and sanitation to the school children. The promotion will be performed through LCBs and WASH advisor (SNV) and activities include a) Learning through Discussion(LTD) and presentations b) Visual aid (poster, documentary etc.) c) Short play(one act play) Hardware Part: This portion aims enhancement of awareness on necessity of hygiene and economic environmental sustainability of water and sanitation to the school children. The promotion will be performed through LCBs and WASH advisor (SNV) and activities include a) Learning through Practical (LTP) and presentations b) Practical based on actual situation c) Group discussion/debate d) Construction of Rainwater Harvesting system in School(external source/budget) Target Group: Target Group will be Primary level school Students (IV Std-VIII Std). There are 612 primary schools (Census 2001) and 55363 households in five districts of Karnali zone. Assuming one child from each household goes to school, average

number of student in a school is 90. Thus total expected people with improve accesses to basic services-WaSH is 332178 (assuming household size is 6). Expected outcome This SLSHPP will lead SNV strategy outcome indicator 5: Inclusive community approaches strengthened and mainstreamed. Expected output will be • Changes in hygiene behaviour • Reductions in water and sanitation related diseases • Reductions in child morbidity and mortality • Reduction in water born disease by the consequences providing safe drinking water. • Awareness rise on importance water quality and quantity • Establishment of Permanent WaSH Actor Cycle to improve access to basic sevices-WaSH

Parent Level

Student Level

SNV Advisor y

Grant Parent Level

In Law's Level

Permanent WaSH Actor Cycle • Establishment of Information-Knowledge-Awareness- Improvement Circle (IKAI Circle) to improve access to basic services-WaSH Information

Improvement

Knowledge

Awareness

Information-Knowledge- Awareness-Improvement Circle (IKAI Circle)