Sarp Roberts

SARP July 13, 2009 -- UCI Andrew Roberts Airborne Science Program Director (Retired) WB-57 Program Manager / Research Pilot ER-2 Chief Engineer / Kuiper Pilot USAF – Pilot – Colonel Retired

Airborne Science Program Airborne Science Program Randy Albertson Functions: Portfolio Mgmt, Grants Studies and Report rqmnts, Education and Outreach, Facilities, Testbeds and Operations

LaRC – Catalog Aircraft B-200

ARC ASP Program Matt Fladeland Functions: Studies and Reports, Earth Science Project Office, Airborne Sensor Facility, Science Mission Mgmt, Sierra

DFRC ASP Program Bob Curry Dep Jaques Vaschon Functions: DC-8/NSERC, ER-2, Ikhana, Global Hawk, G-III, DAOF

GRC – Catalog Aircraft S-3, Lear, Twin Otter, T-34

WFF ASP Program

JSC ASP Program

George Postell Dep Anthony Guillory

Ken Cockrell Dep Kevin Lesenski

Functions: P-3, Catalog mgmt, small UAV, Reports, Budget Mgmt support

Functions: WB-57, Mission Support Programs

Program Objectives Satellite Calibration and Validation Provide platforms to enable essential calibration measurements for the Earth observing satellites, and the validation of data retrieval algorithms.

Support New Sensor Development Provide sub-orbital flight opportunities to test and refine new instrument technologies/algorithms, and reduce risk prior to committing sensors for launch into space.

Process Studies Obtain high-resolution temporal and spatial measurements of complex local processes, which can be coupled to global satellite observations for a better understanding of the complete Earth system.

Development of Next-Generation Scientists and Engineers Foster the development of our future workforce with the hands-on involvement of graduate students, and young scientists/engineers in all aspects of ongoing Earth science investigations.

Can Airborne Data and Policymakers Benefit Society How policy has protected our planet

Airborne Science Discovers CFC’s 07/21/09 as Ozone hole main contributor

4

Science Requirement

Measurements

Platforms

Example of Focus Area Airborne Support Summary Type

Timeframe

Suborbital Program support/remarks

Satellite Cal/Val missions AURA OCO GLORY AQUARIUS NPOESS Calipso/Cloudsat

2006-2008 2008–2010 2009-2010 2009-2010 2011 2006 +

Pre- and post-launch Cal/val Cal/val Cal/val Cal/val Cal/val Cal/val

New Airborne Sensor development IIP – HSRL IIP – Harvard water Laser sounder for CO2 GOLD HSRL and DIAL Lidar

2006-7 2006-7 2007-8 2006 2008

Calipso validation

2007 (Costa Rica); 2010 (Guam) 2008 (Arctic) 2009

Validates A-Train, plus process studies: trace species;

Airborne Process studies TC-4 ARCTAS / POLARCAT Global Hawk / decadal survey proposal

Global measurement demo Airborne Ozone Lidar Ozone

Pollution chemistry in the Arctic Stratospheric chemistry

Table 2.3 Summary of upcoming Atmospheric Composition and Chemistry missions

Required Science Measurement Objectives

Altitude vs. Endurance for all missions 120

max altitude, kft

100

80

60

40

20

0 0

50

100

150

200 time, hours

250

300

350

Aircraft Support of Required Measurements

Summary of the National Science Objectives, established by the six focus areas, for sustained suborbital Earth Science observation requirements, 50% covered by Manned aircraft another 30% covered by our Unmanned vehicle and 20% still uncovered until new vehicles become operational

Flight Requests Completed: • FY06 36 FRs for 1307hrs • FY07 34 FRs for 996hrs • FY08 44 FRs for 1667 hrs Airborne Science Program (ASP) has investigators fill out flight requests for each research activity. Many times to minimize our flight costs for data collection we are able to incorporate multiple flight requests into one mission. As you can see there were 44 flight requests completed in FY08 and we flew 20 missions with 367 sorties. ASP insures compliance with NPD 7900.4b, SMD, NASA and OMB reporting requirements and NASA airworthiness authority and liability. Approvals for Laser and Radiation, dropsonde release, pressure vessel safety, HAZMAT safety, EMI, etc

Aircraft Utilization FY98-FY08 2500

Science Flight Hours

2000

1500

1000

500

0 1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003 Years

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Supporting internal and external NASA PIs • In FY2007 the program supported more than 89 Instrument teams from over 27 different organizations including NASA centers (7), Universities/Institutions (17) and other agencies (3). • In FY2008 the program supported more than 92 Instrument teams from 30+ organizations including NASA Centers (7), Universities/Institutions (20) and other agencies (3). • Typically, each university research team has at least one graduate student associated with each instrument team. • In last 20 years data collected from airborne missions produced – over 1200 peered review journal publications, – over 250 science conference presentations, – over 15,000 citations

A Long History of Worldwide Science Field Campaigns

Each badge represents a major multi-platform science campaign

Supporting: stratospheric/tropospheric chemistry, cryospheric science, hurricane observations, atmospheric physics/radiation, terrestrial biosphere studies, satellite cal/val, and instrument development. Outstanding examples of accomplishments in each area: Process Study - Atmospheric chemistry - “smoking gun” for stratospheric chemistry from AAOE demonstrates role of chlorine in destroying polar ozone Environmental Characterizations - airborne lidar observations of the Greenland ice sheet; and the effects of large-scale biomass burning in the Amazon & S. Africa Satellite Validation - CRYSTAL/FACE: detailed in situ observations of clouds being observed from satellites; SAFARI 2000: validating MODIS aerosol algorithms Instrumentation R&D - initial tests of remote sensing technologies: Aquarius/sea surface salinity sensor; ICESat/Lidars; TRMM/Doppler Radars; & many others

Historical NASA Deployment Sites

Airborne Program Infrastructure • • • • •

Platforms Sensors Data Systems Facilities People

Ability to Implement - Complex Field Campaigns - Process Study, Satellite Cal/Val, Tech Demo, or combination - Single/Multiple Platform/Instrument - Remote or Local Deployment with up to several hundred people - NASA-only or with partners - Incorporating forecast/models, satellite data, and ground/balloon instrumentation - Campaigns can have significant student involvement and EPO potential

NASA Unique Airborne Science Aircraft 80000

70000

ER-2

WB-57

Global Hawk

Altitude (feet)

60000

G-III

50000

DC-8 Ikhana

40000

Lear 23

S-3B

B-200

30000

P-3B Aerosonde

Caravan

20000

10000

SIERRA 0 0

5

10

15

Endurance (hours)

20

25

30

Red: NASA ASP Core Green: NASA New Technology

Sampling Strategy: TC4 Costa Rica, Panama, A-Train Galapagos, Houston

TTL

Remote Sensing ER-2 Cloud physics, TTL chemistry WB-57

Cloud physics, TTL chemistry, Remote sensing DC-8 10

5

0

NPOL, SMART Ground Radar & Balloon Sondes

TC-4 Aircraft and Payloads

Unique NASA-only Heavy Lift High Altitude Fleet (50k+ feet) ER-2 (2)

WB-57F (2)

Global Hawk Range/Endurance Rings

Global Hawk (2)

High Altitude Flight Prep

San Francisco – 70,000’

Unique NASA-only Reconfigurable Large Flying Laboratories -Internal Comm and Data Networks -Onboard satcom sensor web networks -Dropsonde Ejectors -Specialized Racks for quick payload reconfiguration -Nadir and Zenith ports with sensor attachment provision -Wing hard points for sensor mounting -Specialized ports for probe mounts with CFD Analysis -Common Aircraft State data to Sensor broadcast

Airborne Science Program Catalog Platforms (2009)

NASA GRC Lear-25 (ACCLAIM, SIMPL)

NASA LaRC B200 (HSRL, LVIS, MFSL)

Commercial Twin Otter (AVIRIS, PALS)

U.S.D.o.E. B200 (MASTER) NOAA/NASA. Aerosonde (Hurricane Boundary Layer)

New Technologies Platforms: Global Hawk UAS: Long-range, high altitude heavy-

Global Hawk

lift aircraft with 30+ hour endurance (readying for 1st flight)

Ikhana UAS: Medium altitude Predator-B with 24 hour endurance (graduated to catalog)

Ikhana

SIERRA UAS: Low altitude, easily deployable, with 100 Lb. payload (on 1st science mission)

G-III w/Platform Precision Autopilot: UAS surrogate to develop and demonstrate precision flight controls for repeat pass interferometry (graduated to core)

Sensor Systems:

SIERRA

UAVSAR / G-III

UAV-SAR: L- and Ka-Band Interferometric polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (L-band graduated from ESTO IIP to operational facility instrument; Ka-band completed first science mission)

UAS AMS: IR sensor for fires & hurricanes,

Airborne Science Sensor Web

generates and transmits image products autonomously (graduated to operational facility sensor)

Real-Time Data Systems: New science data web portal will allow P.I.s to monitor missions and interact with sensors in real-time via sat-com links and the Internet (current version used in missions)

.

Superpod Configuration

Artist rendering

The Heaviest Configuration

2008 Earth Science Technology Office Flight & Campaign Highlights Wallops, VA Campaign

Cleveland, OH Demo Flight

Newly-Operating & Validated Instruments Greenland Comparison Experiment Campaign (NOVICE)

base

Geostationary Imaging Fabry– Perot Spectrometer/Yee

Laser Sounder for Global Measurements of CO2/Abshire

Miniaturized IntraCavity DFG, FiberOptic, & Quantum Cascade Laser Systems/Anderson

Glaciers and Ice Sheet Interferometric Radar (GISIR)/Jezek

Operation Ice Bridge 1

Success in the Arctic!

- The P3 returned from Greenland two weeks ago after a highly successful arctic campaign. - Largest Mission of the Year 20 Science Flights, 170 hours over a six week period Joint P-3 and G-III flight

P3 Flight Crew

International Polar Year Activities Missio Aircraft / Locatio n Instruments n ARCTAS DC-8, P-3, B200; 32 instruments AMISA DC-8 / dropsondes Polar Sampling UAVG-III / L-band, Rad. SAR Ka-band SAR Greenla CASIE SIERRA UAS, nd laser

Alaska, Canada Kiruna, Sweden

Date

Science

Spring 08, Summer 08 Summer 08

Arctic pollution and haze; boreal forest fires in-situ validation for

Thule, May 09 Jacobsha vn Svalbard July 09 , Norway

ship, aircraft, satellite data

Ice mapping with new instruments Arctic sea ice mapping

profilometer, Global Hawk / DFRC, Aug 09 Polar Atmospheric SAR Science Research Cloud Profile CA & MTP CTAS= Arctic Research ofLidar the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites GLOPA C

ISA = Arctic Mechanisms of Interaction Between the Surface and Atmosphere SIE = Characterization of Arctic Sea Ice Experiment S = Unmanned aircraft system OPAC = GLObal hawk PACific Mission

Yellowstone Fire - 1988 Ames Research Center

Western States Fire Mission 08 Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger credited an unmanned NASA aircraft Monday with helping save the Sierra foothills town of Paradise from a wildfire last week, calling the plane "one of the most exciting new weapons in our firefighting arsenal." Canyon Complex Situation Unit Leader, Randy Herrin ... "Thanks for the imagery on the Canyon Complex. I was able to follow along on the CDE and video and show the project to the Operations Chief and Deputy IC. They were impressed to say the least. The imagery showed a significant amount of heat in the SW of our complex, which we were not expecting, so that was good to know. Congratulations to everyone on another successful mission."

Range Safety Protection Zones KEEP-OUT ZONES Defined and “Owned” by DFRC Range Safety Can be changed or updated before or during flight with DFRC Range Safety concurrence

NOMINAL AIRCRAFT UNHEALTHY AIRCRAFT 26th ICAS/8th ATIO, Large UAS in the NAS - NASA 2007 WSFM

35

Routes A, B, C Defined Routes for each Zone

ZONE A

Over/near forested areas Avoid population areas Avoid directly above mountains when possible • Weather when lost link

ZONE B

ZONE C

26th ICAS/8th ATIO, Large UAS in the NAS - NASA 2007 WSFM

36

Primary Emergency Landing Sites Radius = 400 nm Based on Battery life Landing agreements negotiated with each site

26th ICAS/8th ATIO, Large UAS in the NAS - NASA 2007 WSFM

37

Secondary Emergency Landing Sites Radius = 50 nm Over 280 sites identified Categorized Green, Yellow, Purple, Red by pilots Selected in unpopulated areas. Abandoned runways, dry lakebeds, flat ground, ditch areas Primary purpose is to protect public Actively managed during each mission “Owned” by DFRC Range Safety and changeable 26th ICAS/8th ATIO, Large UAS in the NAS - NASA 2007 WSFM

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Global Hawk

GloPac Flights

Nominal 24 hr. flts

Aura suborbital tracks

Cruise Vertical Profile FL430

Aircraft Access to Hurricane Forming Regions GRIP: (Hurricane) Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes Field Experiment

• The Global Hawk adds considerable surveillance capability • Greater range and duration than DC-8 or ER-2 • Allows for extended on-station time in hurricane genesis regions •Geosynchronous simulator

Blue line: DC-8 range for 12-h flight, 6 h on station Red lines: GH range for 30-h flight with 15 and 22.5 h on station Light blue X: Genesis locations for 1940-2006

Other Programs that make use of suborbital flights • Earth Venture Initiative

– Developing and demonstrating new Earth observation techniques

• Decadal Survey

– New series of Earth Observing satellites

• IceBridge

– Between ICESAT I failure and ICESATII Launch, ~2014-2015

Organizations outside of Earth Science

• Planetary Science Division Astromaterials & Astrobiology, (Cosmic Dust collections, SETI (Leonids/Aurids imagery & MSL Descent Radar tests) • Heliophysics Science Division Radiation Measurements • NASA SOMD (WAVE imagery of Shuttle missions, Columbia debris field imagery, telemetry and ESA-ATV imagery) • NASA ARMD (Alternative aviation fuel emissions study & fiber optic wing shaping sensors) • Other government agencies: DoD, NOAA, DOE, DHS

Decadal Survey Tier I Missions Flight Plans and Opportunities SMAP ICESat II DESDynI CLARREO

SMAPVEX10,11:PALS/P-3

SMAPVEX13,14:UAVSAR?

ICE Bridge: Spring/Fall; P-3,DC-8, GH, DC-3, Otter, G-III

UAVSAR /GIII

LVIS / Twin Otter

INFLAME

2009

2010

UAVSAR /GH?

IR / solar system tests / DC-8

2011

2012

cal/val / TBD

2013

PALS = Passive/Active. L-/S-band microwave instrument NFLAME = In-situ Net FLux within the AtMsophere of the Earth UAVSAR = Unmanned aerial vehicle - synthetic aperture radar LVIS = Laser vegetation imaging system

2014

2015

Decadal Survey Tier II Missions Flight Plans and Opportunities SWOT

Ka-band / ND& Greenland / GIII

HAMSR / GH

KaRIN / GH

Mineral detector

HYSPIRI

AVIRIS/ MASTER / ER-2

ASCENDS

CO2

CO2 Candidates

Candidates

B-200 / DC-8 / S-3

FTS/WB57

GEO-CAPE ACE

PODEX / ER-2&P-3

2009

MACPEX / WB-57

2010

PAC3E

DC-8+Hi Alt

2011

2012

HAMSR = High Altitude MMIC Sounding Radiometer FTS = Fourier transform spectrometer KaRIN = Ka-band Radar Interferometer

ALDEX

2013

ACEVEX

2014

2015

Decadal Survey Tier III Missions Flight Plans and Opportunities Ku & X-band; Ka & K-band / GH

SLCP LIST

Lidar

GACM

UV spectrometer, IR spectrometer, Microwave limb sounder

PATH

MW array spectrometer

GRACE II

Limb sounder

3-D Winds

TWiLiTE, 2 Doppler Lidars / DC-8 2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

= Global Hawk iLiTE = Tropospheric Wind Lidar Technology Experiment

2014

2015

NASA SMD ESD Airborne Science Program Schedule FY2009 May

WB-57 P-3 DC-8

July

August

September

October

GWI & Superpods test

Operation Ice Bridge

Operation Ice Bridge

HYTHIRM

ER-2 B-200 UC-12 G-III Lear 25 SIERRA G.Hawk S. Otter Cessna T-34

June

SARP

LAC

Operation Ice Bridge

AVIRIS

AirMSPI

AVIRIS

SANDIA

PDM/Phase

CALIPSO CONUS AID for ASCENDS UAV IPY - Greenland

RACORO

CALIPSO Caribbean Biomass burning AID for ASCENDS

UAVSAR - Veg Dyn

Glory Validation

UAVSAR - Volcanos/Veg Dynamics CO2 Laser Sounder UAV IPY Arctic Ice

Testflights

Testflights

Ocean Optics GloPac

ICESat gapfiller (U,AK) AK LIDAR HSI - Puerto Rico WB-57 T.Otter P-3 SIERRA DC-8 GH ER-2 CESSNA Maintanance B-200 T-34 UC12

G-lll LEAR 25

R & A 5-Year Flight Schedule

R & A 5-Year Flight Schedule (UAS Activity highlighted)

A schedule of ICESat Ice Bridge Missions in addition to currently planned missions

A schedule of ICESat Ice Bridge Missions in addition to currently planned missions (UAS missions highlighted)

ARCTAS Student Involvement • 60 students involved • 28 schools – 20 states – 4 foreign

• All aspects of mission – Data collection/analysis – Sensor maintenance/calibration – Modeling/forecasting

2009 Student Airborne Research Mission • • • •

Objectives Attract new generation to Earth System Science. Infuse fresh ideas into ESS research. Enlarge contributing pool of institutions. Exploit science missions that match students’ educational careers.

Mission Principles

MASTER

•

• •

End-to-End – Project Justification - Analysis and Interpretation – Method - Formal Presentations – Flight Planning - Societal Benefits – Data Acquisition Sensor Web: Air, Surface, Satellite 29 students from 26 schools

Airborne Research Experience for Educators (AREE) 10 Teachers Selected The AREE project is part of Education Flight Projects and was competitively selected by the Teaching From Space (TFS) program located at Johnson Space Center. Education Flight Projects and its associated activities are under the TFS umbrella and are managed by the JSC Education Office.

Whole Air Sampler

Wetlands Education Through Maps and Aerial Photography Primary Goal To teach basic map skills and imagery interpretation using Wetlands as the focal point.

Secondary Goal To introduce multiple maps and images to educators using a combination of satellite and airborne acquired imagery and data

Program Facts 1996-2008 Sites in 16 states, the District of Columbia, Costa Rica and Panama Total Number of grants received: Total Funding Agencies: Total Training Sessions: Total Participants: Average per session:

25 29 157 3,828 24.50

***These teachers have applied this training to over 40,000 students to date***

WETMAAP Teacher Workshops

Airborne Science 2009 Budget Education & Outreach

Site 9

Science Management

Airborne Sensor Tech Lab Catalog

New Technology

Demonstrations Core Fleet

Summary • Support National Science Objectives to provide the policymakers with the information to benefit society • ASP Objectives – – – –

Satellite Cal/Val New Sensor and Algorithm development Process Studies Next Generation of Scientist and Engineers

• ASP Aircraft are in three categories – Core, subsidized by ASP with PI user fee – Catalog, unsubsidized by ASP, PI pays all fees – New Tech, normally fully subsidized by ASP

• ASP Provides the infrastructure and personnel to conduct these investigations in accordance with NASA, national and international policies and regulations

Back-up Material

Dryden Aircraft Operations Facility (Site 9) Dedication April 9, 2009

Future Global Hawk Instruments UAV Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR)

L-Band Imaging and Single Pass Interferometry

Global Ozone Lidar Detector (GOLD)

Simultaneous horizontal and vertical measurements of aerosols and ozone

Land Vegetation and Ice Sensor (LVIS)

Laser altimeter for measuring vegetation structure, land topography and ice sheets

Prototype airborne DESDynl mission

Activities which can enhance ASP contributions to Earth Science – Establish a core ASP engineering capability in the centers - Reduce integration cost to the investigator – Optimize ESD Subsidized Fee by insuring reliable and lowest possible access cost. – Sensor Portability • New Data Distribution System based on Interagency standards in Core fleet • Started Intercenter Integration Guide for experimenters • New High Altitude Aircraft to Sensor Interface system (GH, WB-57, ER-2)

– Need to update infrastructure • WB-57 Engines, Autopilot – maintainability (vanished support, tubes and no other engine users), comply with RVSM, a 25% improvement in range and endurance, Increased altitude +~5000 ft • P-3 Autopilot, Props, wing panels and lavatory upgrades • DC-8 in 20 years: DC-8’s will be much harder to maintain we should start the process of developing a replacement, for example a 777ER can fly 9000nm compared to 5300 nm for the DC-8, burns half the fuel and has 3X the payload capability. • New Fuel Heat Systems for the WB-57, ER-2 and Global Hawk • Global Hawk infrastructure – Deployable station – potentially setup WFF to support East Coast Operations – Second GH Ops Center – Spare parts for fly away kit

NASA Student Airborne Research Program in Earth System Science Organized by the:

National Suborbital Education and Research Center University of North Dakota The NASA Student Airborne Research Program is designed with the primary goal of strengthening NASA’s and the nation’s future workforce, in particular, the workforce in Earth system science and related fields.

Objectives

•Introduce students to NASA airborne science and its role in Earth system research. •Address future workforce needs in the aerospace and airborne science community. •Provide students with hands-on experience of end-to-end aspects of a scientific mission using NASA research aircraft and instrumentation. Do this in such a time period that an authentic student project can be completed.

Decadal Survey Flight & Instrument Development

NASA Global Hawk Operational Est. – Greenland ICE Flights NASA Wallops used for Remote-site Launch & Recovery

Organizations supported by NASA ASP since 2006 Institutes & Universities • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Byrd Polar Research Center Carnegie Institute Johns Hopkins University University of Kansas University of Maryland UC Santa Cruz UC Davis UC Santa Barbara UC Irvine UC Berkeley Desert Research Institute Monterey Bay Aquarium Institute NCAR University of New Hampshire Naval Postgraduate School University of Colorado at Boulder SETI University of Wisconsin Denver University University of Florida Harvard Penn State UCAR University of North Dakota

Government partners • • • • • • • • •

NASA Ames Research Center NASA Goddard Space Flight Center NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory NASA Langley Research Center NASA Glenn Research Center NASA Johnson Space Center Department of Energy National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Department of Defense

NASA Student Airborne Research Program in Earth System Science Organized by the:

National Suborbital Education and Research Center University of North Dakota The NASA Student Airborne Research Program is designed with the primary goal of strengthening NASA’s and the nation’s future workforce, in particular, the workforce in Earth system science and related fields.

Objectives

•Introduce students to NASA airborne science and its role in Earth system research. •Address future workforce needs in the aerospace and airborne science community. •Provide students with hands-on experience of end-to-end aspects of a scientific mission using NASA research aircraft and instrumentation. Do this in such a time period that an authentic student project can be completed.

Program specifics •The program will be a 6-week commitment for 30 diverse students who have been selected in a national competition. •The first phase of the program will be at the University of California Irvine where lecturers on all aspects of airborne science will be presented by university faculty from six universities including a Nobel Prize laureate Dr. Sherwood Rowland. •The second phase of the program will take place at the Dryden Airborne Operations Facility in Palmdale where students will have hands on experience integrating instruments on the NASA DC-8, planning two 6 hour science flights, and flying on the aircraft to take the instrumental data. •The final phase of the program will be back at UCI where students and faculty mentors will analyze the data collected and prepare presentations of the results. Additional training possibility NASA Dryden Education Office has also proposed to include 10 Earth Science secondary school teachers in this mission. The teachers would participate in the lecture and flight portion of the program and then meet to develop curriculums for Earth Science classes.

NOVICE WB-57 Payload 2008 Left Wing Hatches DLH (Diskin, Langley) Frostpoint (Gao, NOAA)

Nose MMS (Bui, Ames) Forward Transition Old Ozone (Gao, NOAA) Pallets Pallet 1: TILDE/HHH (Witinski, Harvard) Pallet 2: Argus (Loewenstein, Ames) NOBALT (Podolske, Ames) Pallet 3: UAS Ozone (Gao, NOAA) Pallet 4: QCLS (Wofsy, Harvard)

Right Wing Hatches DCS (Ames)

Right Wing Pod Lyman Alpha (Anderson, Harvard)

Value of Weight Increase • Target weight is 72,000 lbs, a 14% increase over the current 63,000 lbs – With an airplane full of experiments in all bays and pods, will be able to carry about 7,700 more pounds of fuel – This “buys back” over 2 hours of endurance, allowing six-hour (approximate) missions with >7,000 lbs of experiments

Operation Ice Bridge: Spring 2009 ICESat gapfiller

• The spring 2009 flights will extend and bolster the existing Greenland P-3/ATM (Krabill) missions and include the PARIS (Raney) RADAR sounder and LVIS (Blair). • If funding is approved, the Spring campaign will be repeated over Greenland, and the DC-8 will fly ATM, LVIS, and KU RADAR sounder (Gogineni) • Extended coverage of Antarctica will be facilitated by the NSF G-V HIAPER, and the Global Hawk in 2010 & 2011 respectively. • IIP and AIST instruments will be included as they successfully mature evaluate and improve measurements (SIMPL, MFFL, SMLA)

A B

1

Ice concentration

• The Airborne Science Program has developed a 6-yr strategy for collecting ICESat-like data from aircraft for regions of scientific interest C

NRC Decadal Survey for Earth Science: (released 16 January 2007) Space­based observations provide a global view of many Earth system  processes; however, satellite observations have a number of limitations,  including spatial and temporal resolution and the inability to observe certain  parts of the Earth.  Hence, they do not provide a picture of the Earth system that  is sufficient for understanding key physical, chemical, and biological processes.  

Recommendation: NASA should support Earth science research via suborbital platforms: airborne programs, which have suffered substantial diminution, should be restored, and UAV technology should be increasingly factored into the nation’s strategic plan for Earth sciences.

Aircraft Science Data & Comm Systems

L EA

REVEA

N-Ch

V RE

Ch N-

L

On-board Displays

Satellites

Non-Deployment Teams Aircraft Ground Station

Airborne Telepresence Lab, DFRC

MSFC RTMM server Field Deployment Team Multiple Web sources

Field-Deployable System

Notional Airborne Science Real-time Data & Communications Architecture

Airborne Science Program Operations Core Airborne Systems: ER-2, WB-57, DC-8, P-3, G-III

New Technology Airborne Systems Global Hawk, Sierra, OTH

Catalog Airborne Systems (Utilized) B-200 (LaRC, DOE, etc), S-3 (GRC), Learjet (GRC), Twin Otter, Caravan, Aerosonde, etc

Airborne Sensor Facility, Mission/Campaign Management

Over 50 aircraft available to the Program

Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites

(ARCTAS) A NASA contribution to IPY and the international POLARCAT initiative http://cloud1.arc.nasa.gov/arctas Conducted in spring and summer 2008 with the following foci: 1. Long-range transport of pollution to the Arctic (including arctic haze, tropospheric ozone, and persistent pollutants such as mercury) 2. Boreal forest fires (implications for atmospheric composition and climate) 3. Aerosol radiative forcing (from arctic haze, boreal fires, surface-deposited black carbon, and other perturbations) 4. Chemical processes (with focus on ozone, aerosols, mercury, and halogens) April 2008: Fairbanks and Barrow, Alaska; Thule, Greenland July 2008: Cold Lake, Alberta; Yellowknife, NW Territories

Partners: NASA, NOAA, DOE, NSF, Canada, France, Germany

NASA DC-8

NASA P-3B

NASA B-200

DC-8

ARCTAS P-3B Campaign Summary

Spring DC-8

Sorties Hours

P-3

Sorties Hours

B-200

Sorties Hours

Total

Sorties Hours

CARB

Summer

Planned Hours

Total

12

4

12

28

84.3

31.7

68.1

184.1

14

3

13

30

80.4

19.2

78.9

178.5

29

0

25

54

98.1

0

77.9

176

55

7

50

112

262.8

50.9

224.9

538.6

Example of large mission metrics

B-200

183 175 175 533

ASP N2 Budget

PY08

PY09

PY10

PY11

PY12

PY13

PY14

$33,056

$29,657

$30,846

$32,126

$29,341

$33,399

$34,200

**In addition there is about $8M/yr in User fees and Mission Peculiar Costs

CY08 ESD Airborne Missions • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) Twin Otter 59 hours Cold Land Processes Experiment II Twin Otter 233 hours Arctic Research of the Composition of the P-3, DC-8, B-200 263 hours Tropophere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) California Air Resources Board (CARB) P-3, DC-8, B-200 50 hours ARCTAS Summer P-3, DC-8, B-200 225 hours High Spectral Resolution LIDAR Calipso/Cloudsat Cal/Val B-200 76 hours MASTER Simulator North America ER-2, B-200, TO 138 hours Hyperspectral Mission North America ER-2, Twin Otter 74 hours Passive Active L/S-band radar (PALS) Twin Otter 92 hours Newly-operating and validated instruments comparison exp. WB-57 9 hours Western States Fire Mission 08 Ikhana 20 hours Arctic Mechanisms of Interactions between surface and atm DC-8 59 hours Airborne Laser Remote Measurements of CO2 (ACCLAIM) B-200 34 hours UAVSAR (Radar mapping and elevation) baseline G-III 156 hours Lidar and Radar Mapping of Antarctica P-3 69 hours Ice Roughness Profilometer testflights SIERRA 20 hours Soil moisture Active/Passive Validation Experiment (SMAP-VEX) P-3 18 hours CO2 Laser Sounder Lear 25 16 hours Land vegetation imaging sensore (LVIS) B-200 36 hours Geostationary Imaging Fabry-Perot Spectrometer (GIFS) P-3 20 hours Total 1667 hours 367 Sorties Flown (Denotes new instrument development) 66% increase from 2007