Sabtoranis-group-iii-final-copy.docx

EFFECTS OF CHALK DUST IN THE HEALTH OF NOTRE DAME OF TRECE MARTIRES’ TEACHERS A Research Study Presented to the faculty and Staff of Notre Dame of Trece Martires Inc. Trece Martires City, Cavite

In Partial Fulfillment to the Requirements of the Subjects Practical Research II and Inquiry, Investigation and Immersion

Submitted by:

Jayson Sabtorani Audrey Faye Ordoyo Jonavel Mallari Abegail Santiago Jyan Kawamura Christine Montano Jeffrey Godino Patrick Benosa Mharie Joy Evardo

MARCH 2018

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgment ………………………………………………………………..…….… i Abstract ………………………………………………………………………….………. ii Approval Sheet ………………………………………………………………………….. .iii CHAPTER I: Problem and Its Background Introduction ……………………………………………………………….……... 1 Scope and the Limitations ……………………………………………….………. 2 Background of the Study ………………………………………………….……... 2 Significance of the Study ………………………………………………….…….. 3 Statement of the Problem ………………………………………………….…….. 3 Hypothesis ………………………………………………………………….……. 4 Definition of Terms ………………………………………………………….…... 4 CHAPTER II: Review of Related Literature……………………………..………....... 6 CHAPTER III: Methodology Research Design ………………………………………………………………… 11 Respondents of the Study ……………………………………………………….. 11 Sampling Procedure ……………………………………………………………... 12 Data Gathering Instrument ……………………………………………………..... 12 Data Gathering Procedure ……………………………………………………….. 13 Data Treatment …………………………………………………………………... 13 CHAPTER IV: Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data …………………. 15 The Socio- Demographic Profile of the Respondents in terms of Age and Sex …. 16 The Level of Effects of Chalk Dust in the Health of NDTM Teachers ………….. 17 The Significant Difference in the Level of Effects of Chalk in the Health of NDTM Teachers When Grouped According to Profile ………… 19 CHAPTER V: Discussion Summary ………………………………………………………………………….. 20 Recommendation ………………………………………………………………….. 21 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………… 22 Bibliography ………………………………………………………………………………. 23

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” Appendices ……………………………………………………………………………...… 27

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” i ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First and foremost, the researchers would like to offer the sincerest gratitude and appreciation to the people who helped them bring this study into reality. The researcher would like to extend their profound gratitude to the following:

To Mrs. Michelle Distrito, who has supported them throughout their thesis with her patience and knowledge. Her consistent guidelines and the time she spent that bring this study into success To the Thesis of Examiners, Ms. Grace Alvaran for her consistent advices and knowledge. Mr. Car John Depectivo, their statistician that also helps to their study for the constructive comments, suggestions, and critiquing To Mr. Jomar Nicoyco, their class adviser who motivating them that they conquer this study To the teachers at Notre Dame of Trece Martires, for their hospitality shown and time spent during the conduct of this study in answering the questionnaire Finally, the fellow label mates who have been cooperating, stimulating discussion and helping in every chapter to make this study into reality

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” ii ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this research is to determine the effects of chalk dust in the health of the teachers from Notre Dame of Trece Martires (NDTM). This study is focused on the significance of the effects of chalk dust when grouped according to profile. It will be a great help for the educational institution to patronize the possible aftermath of the use of blackboard chalk as teaching equipment on the users and the students surrounding it. It will also benefit the respondents to determine the level and significance of their age and gender to the effects of chalk dust in their health. The method of collecting data was through questionnaire method and at a survey form. Out of the fifty-four teachers at NDTM, thirty-four of them were acknowledged as the total target participants of the study. After collecting the data, the results were tabulated. In the questionnaire given, the age and gender of the respondents were also asked to be noted. The grand mean of the level of effects of chalk dust from the questionnaire is 3.7294 that is interpreted to have high possibility in being an effect of chalk dust to the teachers. The tabulated p-value of both socio-demographic profile: the gender of the respondents was 0.684 and the age was 0.749 that is both interpreted to be not significant to the dependent variable. This concludes that the effect of chalk dust do not vary with the sex and age of the teachers of NDTM.

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” iii APPROVAL SHEET

This research entitled “EFFECTS OF CHALK DUST IN THE HEALTH OF NOTRE DAME OF TRECE MARTIRES’ TEACHERS” prepared and submitted by GROUP III of GRADE 12 STEM A in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subjects Practical Research II and Inquiry, Investigation and Immersion (Project Research) has been examined and hereby recommended for acceptance.

MARY GRACE S. ALVARAN Practical Research II Teacher

Date Signed

MICHELLE A. DISTRITO Project Research Teacher

Date Signed

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subjects of Practical Research II and Inquiry, Investigation and Immersion with the rating of .

IRENE M. DULAY Member, Panel Committee

ROSELYN D. JAVIER Member, Panel Committee

Date Signed

Date Signed

CARJOHN C. DEPECTIVO Chairman, Panel Committee Date Signed

Approval Recommend:

PAUL ANDRO R. DELA CRUZ Principal Date Signed

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 1 CHAPTER I PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Most people encounter the word “chalk” at school, where it is usually referred to as blackboard chalk. It is originally made of mineral chalk, since it readily crumbles and leaves particles that stick loosely to rough surfaces, allowing it to make writing that can be readily erased. These particles are called chalk dust. Nowadays, many people question the effect of blackboard chalk dust to person or persons in its proximity. In a common classroom, chalk dust is transported by the air itself that is circulating on the whole area. This allows the chalk dust to be a constant nuisance in classrooms as it may soil clothes, body parts, audio-visual aids, and study materials. It could also be inhaled by the students and the teachers inside the room. For the teachers, the chalk-and-talk method is being supplanted these days in many schools by white boards and other modern technologies. But this method still enjoys wide usage from other schools, such as Notre Dame of Trece Martires. The teachers in NDTM stills uses the chalk-and-talk method for most occasions, so physically, they brave the greatest risk; during teaching, entry of chalk dust in the respiratory system through the nose and mouth could be extensive in teachers due to their proximity to the board and frequent opening of mouth during lectures and occasional gasping and heavier breathing due to exhaustion. As per current state of knowledge on particulate matter, the chalk dust may remain suspended in air for some time before settling on the floor and body parts of the teachers and pupils.

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 2 In this study, the researchers determine the effect of chalk dust to the health of NDTM teachers in accordance with their socio-demographic profile. This provides the awareness and knowledge that their everyday use of chalk could or could not pose a threat to themselves. SCOPE AND THE LIMITATIONS This study focused on the effects of chalk to the health of NDTM teachers. The respondents are both junior and senior high school teachers from NDTM. From the respondents gathered within the survey, we can reduce how different the daily use of chalk aftermath the teachers’ health. Chalk dust is the one who can affect teachers and students from the classroom. They are exposed from everyday use of chalk, day in and day out. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Chalks are commonly used in school classrooms. Lessons are often presented to entire classes on chalkboards or blackboards. Using sticks of chalk because this method has proven cheap and easy. But sometimes, chalk have been known to cause allergies either teachers or students are grappling with dust allergy. Teachers and chalk always go together. But would you believe that the same piece of chalk may be giving teachers respiratory and lung allergies? According to several doctors in the city, they have been getting a lot of patients, who are teachers with respiratory and skin allergies and threat problems. Chalk dust seems to be the reason for this.

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 3 Earlier, there are many varieties such as white hazards. These are almost dust-free. School should be going in for white boards. Many private schools had already started doing survey with the traditional blackboards and chalk. This should happen in government schools too. Otherwise, children and readers would have put up with the inconvenience. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Teachers The result of this study will help the teachers to know and be aware of what will happen if they continue to use chalk. They will know the effect of chalk dust in their health. Students The result will provide the students with awareness on how chalk affect the health of their teachers. This will help them determine that the teachers are always facing a health risk on using chalk as learning equipment on their everyday classes. At the end of the study, students would finally know how chalk dust has been affecting their teachers’ health. Researchers This research will serve as a reference material and a guide for the future researcher if they conducted the same research. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 1. What is the socio-demographic profile of respondents in terms of: a)

Age;

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 4 b)

Gender?

2. What is the level of effect of chalk to the health of NDTM teachers? 3. Is there any significant difference on the effect of chalk to the teachers when grouped according to profile? HYPOTHESIS There is no significant difference on the effect of chalk to the health of teachers when grouped according to profile. DEFINITION OF TERMS 1.

Aftermath – Conceptually, it is a consequence or a result from an event. Operationally, it is defined to be the after effects of the chalk dust to the teachers’ health.

2.

Allergy – Conceptually, it is an altered bodily re-activity to an antigen in exposure to a first exposure. Operationally, it is defined to be the possible effect from exposure to chalk dust that causes irritation or diseases.

3.

Grappling – Conceptually, it is a hand-to-hand struggle or the act of grabbing/gripping something. Operationally, it is defined to be the handling or the experience with discomfort

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 5 4.

Proximity – Conceptually, it is the quality or state of being proximate or the closeness to an object. Operationally, it is defined to be the area where the chalk dust can reach.

5.

Socio-demographic – Conceptually, it is the demographic study of any human population. Operationally, is defined to be the groups where the responded are categorized according to their profile.

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 6

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The stereotyped belief that chalks dust brings harm to those who got contact with it started from the very first arguments until the present times. Several studies from foreign countries have reached conclusions which have similarities and differences in some ways. Results vary and every study is a reference for those to come. Airborne PM1, PM2.5, PM5 and PM10 generated during writing with three types of chalk sticks on a board and particle size distribution of chalk dust fall during writing and dusting of board were studied by portable aerosol spectrometer and particle size analyzer. ‘Local Gypsum’ chalk led to the highest increase in airborne particulate matter while ‘Clean-Write’ the least during writing. About 10% of particles in chalk dust fall during writing were finest from: ‘Clean Write’ (0.5 µm) followed by ‘Abroad Quality’ (0.67 µm) and ‘Local Gypsum’ (1.15 µm), while 50% was finest in abroad quality (5.12 µm) followed by ‘Clean Write’ (6.36 µm) and ‘Local Gypsum’ (77.65 µm). In dusting samples, 10%, 50% and 90% of particles were finest in ‘Clean Write’ followed by ‘Abroad Quality’ and ‘Local Gypsum’ chalks. ‘Clean Write’ chalk produced least total amount of PM1, PM2.4 and PM5 and PM10 per unit time in dust fall during writing. Although short-term exposure to airborne fine chalk particles may be low in classrooms, several years of exposure may be a matter of concern. Purpose of this work was to provide data that

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 7 would lead to measures for minimization of health risk due to chalk dusts in classrooms. (Majumdar, D.,Gajghate D.G., et al. 2011. Assessment of Airborne Fine Particulate Matter and Particle Size Distribution in Settled Chalk Dust during Writing and Dusting Exercises in a Classroom.

India.)

This study explores human exposure to harmful dust when anti-dust chalk is used for teaching, as well as dust particle size distribution and how chalk dust affects indoor air quality. In this study, a classroom with 5 ventilation modes was selected. A dust size analyzer and a scanning mobility particle sizer were employed to measure the mass concentration and particle size distribution of chalk dust based on the frequency of chalk use during classes. The results indicate that anti-dust chalk can generate considerable quantities of dust particles and substantially increase the mass concentration of dust in the proximity of the chalkboard. Approximately 15% of observed chalk dust particles were able to be respired and high concentrations of chalk dust deteriorated the indoor air quality. Moreover, chalk dust was the primary source of indoor coarse particles. Mechanical ventilation re-suspended the settled chalk dust particles, thereby increasing the mass concentration of airborne dust. Using anti-dust chalk generates coarse, fine, and ultra-fine particles, particularly when cleaning the chalkboard. The best ventilation mode to reduce dust accumulated in the chalk teaching classroom was to open doors and turn on ceiling fans. Wearing face masks and increasing distance between seats and blackboard can also prevent teachers and students from chalk dust hazard. The results of this study should serve as a reference for improving indoor air quality and protecting teachers and students from harmful dust particles in classrooms. (Lin, C., Lee, M.K., et al. 2015. Effects of Chalk Use on Dust Exposure and Classroom Air Quality. Taiwan.)

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 8

Over the years, the concept of total building performance and its application to commercial and residential buildings has been of great interest among researchers in this field. In a country such as Singapore, whose society is paying increasing attention to paper qualifications, the evaluation of academic institutions using this concept may provide a gateway to critical issues related to the learning environment. In an attempt to understand the constructiveness of classroom environments towards learning, a study is done to investigate the performance of classrooms in a typical secondary school in Singapore. Performance is indicated by the measurement and evaluation of six mandates, namely thermal, spatial, visual, acoustic, indoor air quality, and building integrity. The usage of both objective and subjective methods gave rise to interesting and sometimes conflicting results with regards to the classrooms’ performance. (Wong, N.H., & Jang, W.L.S. 2003. Total building performance evaluation of academic institution in Singapore. Singapore.)

The study was undertaken to examine the nature of particulate chalk dust settled on classroom floor during traditional teaching with dusting and non-dusting chalks on two types of boards viz. rough and smooth. Settling chalk particles were collected for 30 min during teaching in glass Petri plates placed in classrooms within 3 m distance from the teaching boards. Particle size distribution, scanning electron microscopic images of chalk dusts and compressible strength of two types of chalks were tested and evaluated. Results showed that a larger proportion of dusts generated from anti-dusting chalks were of <4.5 and <2.5 μm size on both smooth and

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 9 rough boards, as compared to dusting chalks. Non-dusting chalks, on an average, produced about 56% and 62% (by volume) of <4.5 μm diameter, on rough and smooth boards, respectively, while the corresponding values for dusting chalks were 36% and 45%. Also, on an average, 83% and 94% (by volume) of the particles were <11 μm (thoracic) in case of non-dusting chalks against 61% and 72% for dusting chalks on rough and smooth boards, respectively. Interestingly, taking into account the mass of chalk dust produced per unit time, which was higher in dusting chalks than non dusting chalks, the former was actually producing higher amount of PM <4.5 and <11 particles from both types of boards. Scanning electron microscope images revealed that chalk particles had random shape, although in dusting chalks prevalence of elongated particles was observed, apparently due to the longitudinal breaking of the chalks during writing, which was confirmed during compressible strength testing. We could conclude that dusting chalks could be potentially more harmful than anti dusting chalks, as they produced higher amount of potentially dangerous PM 4.5 and PM 11. (Deepanjan, M., & S.P.M. Prince William. 2008. Chalk dust fall during classroom teaching: particle size distribution and morphological characteristics. India.) There is a growing concern about indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools. We have studied relations between subjective indoor air quality (SIAQ) and measured IAQ among school personnel (N = 97) in six mid-Swedish primary schools. Information on SIAQ and the psycho social work environment was measured by a self-administered questionnaire, using analogue rating scales. Indoor exposures were quantified by hygienic measurements. Perception of high room temperature was related to a poor climate of cooperation, fleecy wall materials, and the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOC), including xylene, limonene, and butanols.

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 10 Perception of air dryness was related to atop, work stress, poor climate of cooperation, high room temperature, low air humidity, and high VOC concentration, including, limonene, and n-alkanes. Perception of dusty air was related to work stress, the role of schoolteacher, and exposure to 2ethyl-1-hexanol. No relations were found between SIAQ and CO2, building age, or respired dust. To achieve a good SIAQ, room temperature should be kept at a maximum of 22°C, and exposure to VOCs and fleecy materials should be minimized. Finally, a sound psycho social work climate is essential for the perception of a good physical indoor climate. (Norback, D. 1995. Subjective Indoor Air Quality in Schools – The Influence of High Room Temperature, Carpeting, Fleecy Wall Materials and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC).)

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 11 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN The design was a descriptive survey. This involves acquiring information about one or more groups of people. This research indicates their opinions and previous experience by asking them question and tabulating their answers. Usually such study indicates the responses with percentage or frequency counts of the participants. The study established the effects of chalk dust in the health of teachers in Notre Dame of Trece Martires. RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY The population of this study is referring to the teachers in Notre Dame of Trece Martires. This study is about the effect of chalk dust in the health of NDTM teachers. The researchers gathered the three-fourth of the populations of the teachers in Notre Dame. The total target number of respondents in this study is thirty-four teachers from the said school. The researcher includes the gender and age of the respondents to know if these has an effect on the health of the respondents in chalk dust.

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 12 SAMPLING PROCEDURE A purposive random sampling procedure was used for selecting the participants in this study. This technique was employed to ensure a fairly equal representation of the variables for the study. The purposive random sampling was based on the researchers' judgment when choosing the members of the population to participate in the study. Selection of respondents was on purpose. This was achieved by going to the teachers' department, identifying those present at that time and asking them to answer the questionnaire. After the data gathering, the researcher records it and puts it back in the basket until the required number is obtained. That is, researcher applied sampling with replacement. Proportionate purposive random sampling technique was employed to select three-fourth (3/4) of the teachers' total population which is almost 34 teachers from all the department of the Notre Dame of Trece Martires. The purposive random sampling was based on the fact that there were teachers who're busy enough to lend the time for the researchers to gather data from them. DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT The researchers made a self-made standardized questionnaire as a data gathering for this study. The teachers were given a survey questionnaire. The survey question was aimed at relevant information concerning the effects of chalk dust in the health of NDTM teachers. Questions relating to methodology and material for the effects of chalk dust, perceived problems of chalk dust in the health of NDTM teachers and as well as possible strategies that could help the teachers.

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 13 The content of the instrument is based on the findings of the survey conducted with the teachers of Notre Dame of Trece Martires as well as the information from the alternative review. The instrument was a self-made questionnaire and is structured in a matrix question form. The survey questionnaire has ten statements. Each statement has a five-point scale, from “Very High” (5), “High” (4), “Moderate” (3), “Low” (2) and “Very Low” (1). DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE The researcher made a personal letter of approval in the office of the principal at Notre Dame of Trece Martires to ask permission for the gathering of data. In order to support the validity of the data, interview has been conducted to gather information. The researcher also consulted on the internet, book and some teachers that are conclusive in the development of the system. The researcher have also visited library to have detailed research and also read different materials that are relevant to the study being conducted/ And later chose the best-printed materials from those gathered information that would best serve in helping out the researcher in the development of the study. DATA TREATMENT The following Statistical Tools were used in this study. Problem no. 1: Which determines the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in terms of sex and age, frequency distribution table was used. Problem 2: Which determines the level of effect of chalk to the health of NDTM teachers, mean was used.

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 14 Problem no. 3: Which determines the significant difference on the effect of chalk to the teachers when grouped according to profile, t-test and Analysis of Variance were used.

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 15 CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter discusses the data analysis and findings from thirty-four (34) questionnaires completed by the Notre Dame of Trece Martires teachers. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of chalk dust in the health of the teachers. The objectives of the study were to identify the NDTM teachers’: 1. knowledge regarding chalk dust 2. knowledge about the effects of the usage of chalk dust in their health 3. individual perceptions and variable affecting their health due to chalk dust

The data from the questionnaire were statistically analyzed by the statistician. The findings were discussed according to the sections of the questionnaire. The sections of the questionnaire were: 1. the first section comprises of the demographic data such as age and gender 2. the second section comprises of data describing the possible effects of chalk dust in their health

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 16 Table 1: The Socio- Demographic Profile of the Respondents in terms of Age and Sex

Demographic Profile

Frequency

Percentage

21 years old and below

15

41.1

22-23 years old

15

41.1

24 years old and above

4

11.8

34

100

Male

17

50

Female

17

50

34

100

Age

Total Sex

Total

Descriptive statistical analysis was used to identify frequencies and percentages to answer all of the questions in the questionnaire. All respondents answered all of the questions therefore percentages reported correspond to the total number of teachers answering the individual questions. Participants were asked to indicate their gender by placing a tick next to the relevant option provided (male or female). All 34 participants (100%) responded. Of the 34 respondents, 17 (50%) were male and 17 (50%) were female. Participants were asked to tick the age category appropriate to them. All the participants responded to the questionnaire (34 respondents or 100%). Forty one point one percent of the respondents were in the 21 yrs. old and below, same as the 22-23 yrs. old (41.1%). Eleven point eight percent of the thirty-four respondent (11.8%) were 24 yrs. old and above.

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 17 Table 2: The Level of Effects of Chalk Dust in the Health of NDTM Teachers Mean

Standard

DI

Deviation 1. Chalk dust can cause asthma.

4.0588

0.9829

High

2. Chalk dust is a factor that slows the teacher during classes.

3.2941

0.9383

Moderate

3. Chalk dust can cause difficulty in breathing.

3.7941

1.0848

High

4. Chalk dust irritates the skin.

3.7647

1.0461

High

5. Chalk dust can be a cause of allergy.

3.9706

1.0584

High

6. Chalk dust pollutes the classroom air quality.

3.7059

1.0807

High

7. Chalk dust can aggravate the sense of sight.

3.4412

1.0784

High

8. Chalk dust is an addition to the room’s sulkiness.

3.6176

0.3539

High

9. Chalk dust stains the learning equipment and clothes of the teachers.

4.0882

0.9658

High

10. Chalk dust causes hair dandruff within contact.

3.5588

0.8595

High

Grand Mean

3.7294

0.6594

High

The relationship between the effects of chalk dust and the health of the teachers was hypothesized to have no statistical significance. The findings of this study have been found to be consistent with that of the proposed hypothesis. All respondents answered all the questions therefore percentages reported correspond to the total number of teachers who answered the questionnaire. In data gathering, matrix-type of questionnaire was used. Ten items were listed and items were scored on a five-point scale ranging from 1 that was "Very Low' to 5 which was "Very High". Question 2 generated more negative responses (low, moderate) indicating a negative attitude towards the effect of chalk dust as compared to questions 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 7, 9, and 10. More than 50% of respondents (>20 responses) scored questions 1 and 9 between 4-5 (high-very

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 18 high) as well as the question 2 which was also scored by more than 50% of the respondents (>20 responses) as 1-3 (very low-moderate) on the same scale. Table 2 includes the effects of chalk dust in the health of NDTM teachers, the mean of every question, every factor and also the grand mean of the whole question in the survey questionnaire. This table also shows the standard deviation and the DI of each questions and their mean. Significantly high levels of effects of chalk dust were found in the population surveyed. However these findings should be viewed with caution as it represents an equal 50% of the expected sample (n=34) and may be subject to self- report bias. Perhaps these results should also be viewed within a socio-demographic context as several extraneous variables may have influenced these results.

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 19 Table 3: The Significant Difference in the Level of Effects of Chalk in the Health of NDTM Teachers When Grouped According to Profile Profile

Statistic

Level of Effects

Sex

t-value

0.411

p-value

0.684

Decision for H0

Failed to Reject

Conclusion

Not Significant

F-value

0.292

p-value

0.749

Decision for Ho

Failed to Reject

Conclusion

Not Significant

Age

If p-value is greater than 0.05 not significant If p-value is less than 0.05 significant

In this study, the significant difference between age and the effects of chalk dust in the health of NDTM teachers was statistically not significant (p>0.05) with a p value of 0.749. This is consistent with the findings of this study, which indicates that the 100% of respondent (34 responses), regardless of the age difference, the effects of chalk dust does not vary. The same result exists regarding gender differences and the effects of chalk. With a p value of 0.684, the correlation between gender of the teachers in NDTM and the effects of chalk dust was not statistically significant. This proves that the effects of chalk dust does not vary to the age and gender of the teachers.

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 20 CHAPTER V DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the summary of the research work undertaken, the conclusions drawn and the recommendations made as an outgrowth of this study. The study is about the effects of chalk dust in the health of Notre Dame of Trece Martires (NDTM) teachers. The sociodemographic profile of the teachers includes age and gender. SUMMARY This study focuses on the effects of chalk dust in the health of Notre Dame of Trece Martires (NDTM) teachers. The literature review was concentrated on the past observations on how the dust affects the health of those within its vicinity. It was found that, based on past studies, the effects of chalk dust varies from the usage. Research was undertaken on Notre Dame of Trece Martires. The intention was to interview the teachers of the said school on how the chalk dust affects their health. The case study showed the factors affecting the results and proved some speculated effects to be false.

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 21 The salient findings of the study shows: 1.

What is the level of effect of chalk to the health of Notre Dame of Trece Martires (NDTM) teachers? The grand mean was 3.7294 and interpreted to be “High”. The effects listed on the survey

were proved to be common on the teachers of Notre Dame of Trece Martires (NDTM). 2.

Is there any significant difference on the effect of chalk to the teachers when grouped according to profile? a) Age; The effect of chalk dust on Notre Dame of Trece Martires (NDTM) teachers in terms of age is proved to be insignificant with a p-value of 0.749. b) Gender? The effect of chalk dust on Notre Dame of Trece Martires (NDTM) teachers in terms of age is proved to be insignificant with a p-value of 0.684. RECOMMENDATION This study provided the effects of chalk dust in the health of Notre Dame of Trece

Martires (NDTM) teachers. With such result in the study, it is recommended to use a chalk holder or a white board to avoid/lessen the chalk dust in surface area to prevent the complication in health of teachers. The researchers think that they can reduce the teachers who are affected by the chalk dust.

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 22 Here are some tips and advice on how to ease their problem. 1. Wipe the blackboard using a wet cloth, which would reduce the amount of chalk dust inherently existing on the board. 2. Tie a handkerchief on your nose and mouth while erasing it, to reduce the amount they inhaled. It is important to be aware in your surroundings especially when it comes to your health. The researchers also recommend further study or studies in what is the real effect of chalk dust in the health of teachers. Without further research into effects of chalk dust in the health of Notre Dame of Trece Martires (NDTM) teachers, it will not possible to know the complication or disease in using chalk and the avoidance of chalk dust CONCLUSION Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. The researchers conclude that the findings from this study have been found to be consistent with the related studies on the effect of chalk dust in the health of Notre Dame of Trece Martires (NDTM) teachers. 2. The researchers conclude that the respondents have the same perception when it comes to the above mentioned variable. 3. The researchers then conclude that chalk dust can affect the health of Notre Dame of Trece Martires (NDTM) teachers.

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 23 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Quara, 2014, What is the effect of blackboard chalk dust on a person's health if there's exposure of the dust regularly to a human through their https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-effect-of-blackboard-chalk-dust-on-a-persons-health-iftheres-exposure-of-the-dust-regularly-to-a-human-through-their-eyes-nose-mouth-and-skin

ukclimbing, 2013, Does climber's chalk dust affect health? https://www.ukclimbing.com/forums/rocktalk/does_climber's__chalk_dust_affect_health534117 Ecosmartworld, 2009, Is chalk harmful for your health? https://ecosmartworld.com/blogs/ecosmart-2/is-chalk-harmful-for-your-health

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2017, Trace Elemental Characterization of Chalk Dust and Their Associated Health Risk Assessment`. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27283836

jackrabbitclass, 2014, Is the Chalk Dust in the Gym Harmful? https://www.jackrabbitclass.com/blog/is-the-chalk-dust-in-the-gym-harmful/

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 24

sciencetrends,2018, Investigating The Adverse Effects Of Chalk Dust Inhalation https://sciencetrends.com/investigating-adverse-effects-chalk-dust-inhalation/

thescienceforum , 2009, Chalk Dust http://www.thescienceforum.com/health-medicine/14782-chalk-dust.html

researchgate, 2008, Chalk dustfall during classroom teaching: Particle size distribution and morphological characteristics

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5586910_Chalk_dustfall_during_classroom_teaching_ Particle_size_distribution_and_morphological_characteristics

wisegeek, 2018, Is Chalk Dust Harmful? https://www.wisegeek.org/is-chalk-dust-harmful.htm

sciencedail, 2013, Dustless chalk may cause allergy and asthma symptoms in students with milk allergy, study finds

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 25 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130502080141.htm

top-stationery, 2015, Effect of dust on the health of Teachers

http://www.top-stationery.com/p/en/NewsShow.asp?ID=212

reddit, 2016, Is chalk inhalation a bad thing?

https://www.reddit.com/r/climbing/comments/36978t/is_chalk_inhalation_a_bad_thing/

zhchalk, 2011, To prevent the harm of chalk dust

http://www.zhchalk.com/Article164/148.html

theguardian, 2011, Chalk: is it harmful to health?

https://www.theguardian.com/education/2011/nov/28/chalk-dust-health-research

zhchalk, 2011, The dangers of chalk: chalk non-toxic, but chalk harmful!

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 26 http://www.zhchalk.com/Article163/109.html

Ctvnews, 2012, Health Canada warns insecticide chalk is dangerous https://www.ctvnews.ca/health-canada-warns-insecticide-chalk-is-dangerous-1.769391

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 27

APPENDICES A

Name:

Jayson Sabtorani

Complete Address:

Westplain Subd,. Phase II, Brgy. De Ocampo, TMC

Telephone Number: None Cellphone Number:

09978456062

Email:

None

Birthdate:

April 29, 1996

Citizenship:

Filipino

Gender:

Male

Status:

Single

EDUCATION

Senior High School Notre Dame of Trece Martires (2016 - 2018)

Junior High School Trece Martires City National High School Main (2015-2016)

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 28

Name:

Abegail B. Santiago

Complete Address:

Block 29, Lot 26 B, White Gardenia St., Capitol Hills, Brgy.Lapidario

Telephone Number: 419-3385 Cellphone Number:

0964870732

Email:

[email protected]

Birthdate:

April 01, 2000

Citizenship:

Filipino

Gender:

Female

Status:

Single

EDUCATION

Senior High School Notre Dame of Trece Martires (2016 - 2018)

Junior High School Trece Martires City National High School Main (2015-2016)

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 29

Name:

Audrey Faye P. Ordoyo

Complete Address:

0603 Purok 11, Corehouse, Brgy. San Agustin, Trece Martires City

Telephone Number: 443-2363 Cellphone Number:

09277812184

Email:

[email protected]

Birthdate:

August 25, 2000

Citizenship:

Filipino

Gender:

Female

Status:

Single

EDUCATION

Senior High School Notre Dame of Trece Martires (2016 - 2018)

Junior High School Notre Dame of Trece Martires (2015-2016)

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 30

Name:

Jeffrey Godino

Complete Address:

Westplain Subd,. Phase II, Brgy. De Ocampo, TMC

Telephone Number: None Cellphone Number:

09978456062

Email:

None

Birthdate:

April 29, 1996

Citizenship:

Filipino

Gender:

Male

Status:

Single

EDUCATION

Senior High School Notre Dame of Trece Martires (2016 - 2018)

Junior High School Tanza National Trade School/0 (2015-2016)

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 31

Name:

Jonavel M.Mallari

Complete Address:

9-19 Magnolia St., Capitol Hills Phase II, Brgy. Luciano, TMC

Telephone Number: None Cellphone Number:

09991789248

Email:

[email protected]

Birth date:

May 24, 2000

Citizenship:

Filipino

Gender:

Female

Status:

Single

EDUCATION

Senior High School Notre Dame of Trece Martires (2016 - 2018)

Junior High School Trece Martires City National High School Main (2015-2016)

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 32

Name:

Christine Montano

Complete Address:

Sunshine Ville, Brgy. Cabuco, TMC

Telephone Number: None Cellphone Number:

09508966889

Email:

[email protected]

Birth date:

June 30, 1999

Citizenship:

Filipino

Gender:

Female

Status:

Single

EDUCATION

Senior High School Notre Dame of Trece Martires (2016 - 2018)

Junior High School Paranaque National High School (2015-2016)

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 33

Name:

Jyan Ryotaro Y. Kawamura

Complete Address:

Blk 18 Lt 24 & 25 Saint Joseph Homes, Brgy. Inocencio, T.M.C, Cavite

Telephone Number: 409-2466 Cellphone Number:

09976175543

Email:

[email protected]

Birth date:

February 14, 2000

Citizenship:

Half Filipino, Half Japanese

Gender:

Male

Status:

Single

EDUCATION

Senior High School Notre Dame of Trece Martires (2016 - 2018)

Junior High School Notre Dame of Trece Martires (2015-2016)

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 34

Name:

Marie Joy Evardo

Complete Address:

Block 41 Lot 12 La Trinidad Phase 1-B, Brgy, Cabuco, TMC

Telephone Number: None Cellphone Number:

09750584707

Email:

[email protected]

Birthdate:

December 04, 1999

Citizenship:

Filipino

Gender:

Female

Status:

Single

EDUCATION

Senior High School Notre Dame of Trece Martires (2016 - 2018)

Junior High School Trece Martires City National High School Cabuco Annex (2015-2016)

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 35

Name:

Patrick Benosa

Complete Address:

Blk 19 Lot 3, Latrinidad Subd., Cabuco

Telephone Number: None Cellphone Number:

09497277052

Email:

[email protected]

Birth date:

Deecember 14, 1998

Citizenship:

Filipino

Gender:

Male

Status:

Single

EDUCATION

Senior High School Notre Dame of Trece Martires (2016 - 2018)

Junior High School Trece Martires City National High School Main (2015-2016)

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 36 APPENDICES B

EFFECTS OF CHALK DUST IN THE HEALTH OF NDTM TEACHERS

Name (Optional): ______________________________ Age: ______________ Gender:

Male

Female

Direction: Please check (/) and rate yourself honestly base on what you observe in using chalk. (5 – Very High, 4 – High, 3 – Moderate, 2 – Low and 1 – Very Low)

5 1. Chalk dust can cause asthma. 2. Chalk dust is a factor that slows the teacher during classes 3. Chalk dust can cause difficulty in breathing. 4. Chalk dust irritates the skin. 5. Chalk dust can be a cause of an allergy. 6. Chalk dust pollutes the classroom air quality. 7. Chalk dust can aggravate the sense of sight. 8. Chalk dust is an addition to the classroom’s sulkiness. 9. Chalk dust stains the learning equipment and clothes of the teachers. 10. Chalk dust causes hair dandruff within contact.

4

3

2

1

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 37 APPENDICES C

FREQUENCIES VARIABLES=Age Sex /ORDER=ANALYSIS.

Frequencies Notes Output Created

13-FEB-2018 16:43:51

Comments Input

Active Dataset

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N of Rows in Working Data File Missing Value Handling

Definition of Missing

34 User-defined missing values are treated as missing.

Cases Used

Statistics are based on all cases with valid data.

Syntax

FREQUENCIES VARIABLES=Age Sex /ORDER=ANALYSIS.

Resources

Processor Time

00:00:00.00

Elapsed Time

00:00:00.00

[DataSet0] Statistics Age N

Valid Missing

Sex 34

34

0

0

Frequency Table Age Cumulative Frequency Valid

21 years old and below

15

Percent 44.1

Valid Percent 44.1

Percent 44.1

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 38 22-23 years old 24 years old Total

15

44.1

44.1

88.2

4

11.8

11.8

100.0

34

100.0

100.0

Sex Cumulative Frequency Valid

Percent

Valid Percent

Percent

Male

17

50.0

50.0

50.0

Female

17

50.0

50.0

100.0

Total

34

100.0

100.0

DESCRIPTIVES VARIABLES=Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Grandmean /STATISTICS=MEAN STDDEV MIN MAX.

Descriptives Notes Output Created

13-FEB-2018 16:44:09

Comments Input

Active Dataset

DataSet0

Filter

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Weight

<none>

Split File

<none>

N of Rows in Working Data File Missing Value Handling

Definition of Missing

34 User defined missing values are treated as missing.

Cases Used

All non-missing data are used.

Syntax

DESCRIPTIVES VARIABLES=Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Grandmean /STATISTICS=MEAN STDDEV MIN MAX.

Resources

Processor Time

00:00:00.02

Elapsed Time

00:00:00.02

Descriptive Statistics N

Minimum

Maximum

Mean

Std. Deviation

Q1

34

1.00

5.00

4.0588

.98292

Q2

34

1.00

5.00

3.2941

.93839

Q3

34

1.00

5.00

3.7941

1.09488

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 39 Q4

34

2.00

5.00

3.7647

1.04617

Q5

34

2.00

5.00

3.9706

1.05845

Q6

34

1.00

5.00

3.7059

1.03072

Q7

34

1.00

5.00

3.4412

1.07847

Q8

34

1.00

5.00

3.6176

.95393

Q9

34

2.00

5.00

4.0882

.96508

Q10

34

2.00

5.00

3.5588

.85957

Grandmean

34

1.90

5.00

3.7294

.65944

Valid N (listwise)

34

T-TEST GROUPS=Sex(1 2) /MISSING=ANALYSIS /VARIABLES=Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Grandmean /CRITERIA=CI(.95).

T-Test Notes Output Created

13-FEB-2018 16:44:44

Comments Input

Active Dataset

DataSet0

Filter

<none>

Weight

<none>

Split File

<none>

N of Rows in Working Data File Missing Value Handling

Definition of Missing

34 User defined missing values are treated as missing.

Cases Used

Statistics for each analysis are based on the cases with no missing or out-of-range data for any variable in the analysis.

Syntax

T-TEST GROUPS=Sex(1 2) /MISSING=ANALYSIS /VARIABLES=Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Grandmean /CRITERIA=CI(.95).

Resources

Processor Time

00:00:00.02

Elapsed Time

00:00:00.11

Group Statistics

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 40 Sex Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

Q6

Q7

Q8

Q9

Q10

Grandmean

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

Male

17

4.0588

.96635

.23437

Female

17

4.0588

1.02899

.24957

Male

17

3.4706

.79982

.19398

Female

17

3.1176

1.05370

.25556

Male

17

3.8824

1.16632

.28287

Female

17

3.7059

1.04670

.25386

Male

17

3.5882

.93934

.22782

Female

17

3.9412

1.14404

.27747

Male

17

3.7059

1.10480

.26795

Female

17

4.2353

.97014

.23529

Male

17

3.8824

.92752

.22496

Female

17

3.5294

1.12459

.27275

Male

17

3.7647

.97014

.23529

Female

17

3.1176

1.11144

.26956

Male

17

3.7647

.83137

.20164

Female

17

3.4706

1.06757

.25892

Male

17

4.0000

1.00000

.24254

Female

17

4.1765

.95101

.23065

Male

17

3.6471

.86177

.20901

Female

17

3.4706

.87447

.21209

Male

17

3.7765

.62303

.15111

Female

17

3.6824

.70996

.17219

Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances

t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Sig. (2-

F Q1

Equal variances assumed

.235

Sig. .631

t .000

df

Mean

Std. Error

tailed) Difference Difference 32

1.000

.00000

.34237

Difference Lower

Upper

-.69738

.69738

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 41 Equal variances

.000 31.875

not assumed Q2

Equal variances assumed

.118

not assumed Equal variances assumed

.055

.815

Equal variances not assumed Q4

Equal variances assumed

.257

not assumed Equal variances assumed

.490

.489

Equal variances

Equal variances assumed

.701

.409

not assumed Equal variances assumed

.011

not assumed Equal variances assumed

.654

.425

Equal variances not assumed Q9

Equal variances assumed

.073

not assumed Equal variances assumed

.35294

.32084

-.30060 1.00648

1.100 29.842

.280

.35294

.32084

-.30246 1.00834

32

.646

.17647

.38008

-.59773

.95068

.464 31.633

.646

.17647

.38008

-.59809

.95103

32

.333

-.35294

.35902 -1.08423

.37835

-.983 30.832

.333

-.35294

.35902 -1.08532

.37944

32

.147

-.52941

.35660 -1.25578

.19696

31.474

.148

-.52941

.35660 -1.25626

.19743

32

.326

.35294

.35355

-.36722 1.07311

.998 30.882

.326

.35294

.35355

-.36825 1.07413

32

.080

.64706

.35781

-.08178 1.37589

1.808 31.426

.080

.64706

.35781

-.08230 1.37642

32

.377

.29412

.32818

-.37435

.96259

.896 30.188

.377

.29412

.32818

-.37593

.96417

32

.602

-.17647

.33470

-.85823

.50529

-.527 31.920

.602

-.17647

.33470

-.85830

.50536

.558

.17647

.29777

-.43007

.78301

.464

1.485

.002

.998

.896

.789 -.527

Equal variances

Q10

.280

.916 1.808

Equal variances

Q8

32

1.485

Equal variances

Q7

-.69748

-

not assumed Q6

.34237

.616 -.983

Equal variances

Q5

.00000

.733 1.100

Equal variances

Q3

1.000

.963

.593

32

.69748

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 42 Equal variances not assumed Grandmean Equal variances

.030

assumed

.863

Equal variances not assumed

.593 31.993

.558

.17647

.29777

-.43008

.78302

.411

32

.684

.09412

.22909

-.37253

.56076

.411 31.469

.684

.09412

.22909

-.37283

.56107

ONEWAY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Grandmean BY Age /MISSING ANALYSIS.

Oneway Notes Output Created

13-FEB-2018 16:45:05

Comments Input

Active Dataset

DataSet0

Filter

<none>

Weight

<none>

Split File

<none>

N of Rows in Working Data File Missing Value Handling

Definition of Missing

34 User-defined missing values are treated as missing.

Cases Used

Statistics for each analysis are based on cases with no missing data for any variable in the analysis.

Syntax

ONEWAY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Grandmean BY Age /MISSING ANALYSIS.

Resources

Processor Time

00:00:00.02

Elapsed Time

00:00:00.03

ANOVA Sum of Squares Q1

Q2

Between Groups

df

Mean Square

3.799

2

1.900

Within Groups

28.083

31

.906

Total

31.882

33

1.242

2

.621

27.817

31

.897

Between Groups Within Groups

F

Sig. 2.097

.140

.692

.508

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 43 Total Q3

Q4

Q5

Q6

Q7

Q8

Q9

Q10

Grandmean

29.059

33

.425

2

.213

Within Groups

39.133

31

1.262

Total

39.559

33

2.451

2

1.225

Within Groups

33.667

31

1.086

Total

36.118

33

.837

2

.419

Within Groups

36.133

31

1.166

Total

36.971

33

1.375

2

.688

Within Groups

33.683

31

1.087

Total

35.059

33

1.632

2

.816

Within Groups

36.750

31

1.185

Total

38.382

33

2.213

2

1.106

Within Groups

27.817

31

.897

Total

30.029

33

.652

2

.326

Within Groups

30.083

31

.970

Total

30.735

33

.849

2

.425

Within Groups

23.533

31

.759

Total

24.382

33

.265

2

.133

Within Groups

14.085

31

.454

Total

14.351

33

Between Groups

Between Groups

Between Groups

Between Groups

Between Groups

Between Groups

Between Groups

Between Groups

Between Groups

CORRELATIONS /VARIABLES=Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Grandmean /PRINT=TWOTAIL NOSIG /MISSING=PAIRWISE.

.169

.846

1.128

.336

.359

.701

.633

.538

.688

.510

1.233

.305

.336

.717

.559

.577

.292

.749

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 44

Correlations Notes Output Created

13-FEB-2018 16:45:33

Comments Input

Active Dataset

DataSet0

Filter

<none>

Weight

<none>

Split File

<none>

N of Rows in Working Data

34

File Missing Value

Definition of

User-defined missing

Handling

Missing

values are treated as missing.

Cases Used

Statistics for each pair of variables are based on all the cases with valid data for that pair.

Syntax

CORRELATIONS /VARIABLES=Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Grandmean /PRINT=TWOTAIL NOSIG

/MISSING=PAIRWISE. Resources

Processor Time

00:00:00.05

Elapsed Time

00:00:00.09 Correlations

Q1 Q1

Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed)

1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

Q6

Q7

Q8

Q9

Q10

Grandmean

.408*

.349*

.073

.380*

.167

.175

.057

-.006

.283

.437**

.017

.043

.682

.026

.345

.323

.749

.975

.105

.010

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 45 N Q2

Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N

Q3

Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N

Q4

Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N

Q5

Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N

Q6

Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N

Q7

Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N

Q8

Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N

Q9

Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N

Q10

Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed)

34

34

34

34

.408*

1

.120

.289

.500

.017

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

.253 .468** .587** .502**

.405* .541**

.681**

.098

.149

.005

.000

.002

.017

.001

.000

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

.349*

.120

1

.274

.361*

.294

.387*

.300

.018

.319

.533**

.043

.500

.117

.036

.092

.024

.085

.921

.066

.001

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

.073

.289

.274

.417* .606**

.291

.353*

.665**

.682

.098

.117

34

34

34

.380*

.253

.361* .568**

.026

.149

.036

.000

34

34

34

34

1 .568** .468**

34

.000

.005

.014

.000

.095

.041

.000

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

1 .603** .516** .499**

.181

.385*

.731**

34

.000

.002

.003

.307

.025

.000

34

34

34

34

34

34

1 .747** .745**

.301

.328

.784**

.167 .468**

.294 .468** .603**

.345

.005

.092

.005

.000

34

34

34

34

34

.175 .587**

.387*

.417* .516** .747**

.323

.000

.024

.014

.002

.000

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

.000

.000

.084

.058

.000

34

34

34

34

34

.223 .478**

.799**

1 .699** .000

.204

.004

.000

34

34

34

34

34

.057 .502**

.300 .606** .499** .745** .699**

1

.334

.379*

.780**

.749

.002

.085

.000

.003

.000

.000

.054

.027

.000

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

-.006

.405*

.018

.291

.181

.301

.223

.334

1 .560**

.486**

.975

.017

.921

.095

.307

.084

.204

.054

.001

.004

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

.283 .541**

.319

.353*

.385*

.328 .478**

.379* .560**

1

.686**

.105

.066

.041

.025

.058

.027

.001

.004

.001

.000

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 46 N Grandmean Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

.437** .681** .533** .665** .731** .784** .799** .780** .486** .686**

1

.010

.000

.001

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.004

.000

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

34

*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

RELIABILITY /VARIABLES=Age Sex Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Grandmean /SCALE('ALL VARIABLES') ALL /MODEL=ALPHA.

Reliability Notes Output Created

13-FEB-2018 16:46:19

Comments Input

Active Dataset

DataSet0

Filter

<none>

Weight

<none>

Split File

<none>

N of Rows in Working Data File

34

Matrix Input Missing Value Handling

Definition of Missing

User-defined missing values are treated as missing.

Cases Used

Statistics are based on all cases with valid data for all variables in the procedure.

Syntax

RELIABILITY /VARIABLES=Age Sex Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Grandmean /SCALE('ALL VARIABLES') ALL /MODEL=ALPHA.

Resources

Processor Time

00:00:00.02

Elapsed Time

00:00:00.02

Scale: ALL VARIABLES

Notre Dame of Trece Martires Don Bosco Exec. Village, Cabuco TMC, Cavite “The School that Builds Character” 47

Case Processing Summary N Cases

Valid Excludeda Total

% 34

100.0

0

.0

34

100.0

a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure.

Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha .853

N of Items 13