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&ufpGJ‹/ 2009 ck/ -o*kwv f (4)&uf/ 1371 ck 0gacgiv f e> ;f (14)&uf? t*Fgae‹?
tdrfjyefvrf;rSvufurf;pmrsm; (2 (2)
ta-umif;t&m?
? Edik if w H uma&muf &cdik f UNHCR 'kuo Q nfrsm;ESifh twwfynm&Sirf sm;xHodk‹ yef-um;pm ay;ydk‹ygjcif;?
todynm&Si/f
b*Fvma'hcsEf idk if HY &yfwnfae-u&aom &cdik f UNHCR 'kuo Q nfrsm;onf = (u) pm;0wfaea&; txl;cufcjJ cif;? (c) aemifa&;twGuf b0tmrcHcsuf r&Sjd cif;? (*) b0wd;k wufa&;qdo k nfrmS arsmv f ifph &mvH;k 0r&Sjd cif;? (C) toufvðHk cHrt + wGuf txl;pd;k &draf e&aom tajctaeod‹k a&muf&aSd e&jcif; ponf'h u k rQ sm; óuHae&r+a-umifh wwd, Edik fiw H ckco k dk‹ tvsit f jrefq;Hk ac:xkw-f uyg&ef tm;vH;k wdk‹udk OD;!¸wyf ef-um; vdu k &f ygonf? (1) UNHCR rS todtrSwðf y cHxm;&ol OD;ppfEidk f (&Spaf v;vH;k 'Dru dk a&pDawmfveS af &;umvtwGi;f &cdik jf ynf/ ajrmufO;D òrd‹ taxGaxGoydwaf umfrwD twGi;f a&;rSL; wm0efjzifh wdu k yf 0GJ ifco Jh )l ‚if;aemuf b*Fvma'hcsEf idk if Hodk‹ a&mufvm_yD; ygwrD sKd ;pHYk wm0efrsKd ;pHjk zifh usiv f nfaecJo h o l nf/ 2009 ck/ -o*kwv f (13) &uf nae (7)em&Dcef‹wiG f ‚if;aexdik &f m &Gmawmfòrd‹Y -oZmwduU r}uD;aom todik ;f t0dki;f rS vlowform;wOD;. 'kwjf zift h ao±du k o f wfra+ -umifh yGcJ si;f _yD; aoqH;k cJ&h ygonf? ‚if;Y q,fausmo f uft&G,f om;i,fwOD; (5 wef;)/ ckEpS Ef pS t f &G,o f rD;i,fwOD; (2)wef;ESifh ZeD;onfwdk‹ tm;ud;k &mrJb h 0jzifh txl;qif;&JpmG jzifh use&f pfc-Jh uygonf? (2) UNHCR rS todtrSwðf y cHxm;&ol udrk if;0g udv k nf; vGecf aJh om ig;ESpcf ef‹u ‚if;aexdik &f m&GmY rdom;pkEiS fh xrif;pm;aepOf BDR rsm;u zrf;qD;ac:aqmifomG ;_yD; aemufwveD;yg; -umaom&ufpGJ jzifh (e,fpyfwae&mY wdu k yf jGJ zpfpOf vufeufEiS t fh wl zrf;qD;rdonf) [k ta-umif;jycsujf zifh &Juw&m;pG_J yD; axmifcsKyfcaH e&pOf vGecf aJh omESpu f ppfwaumif;axmifwiG f aoqH;k oGm;cJ&h ygonf? ‚if;. vnfyif;/ OD;acgi;f ESifh rsuEf mS wckv;Hk Y !drk aJ om trJuu G rf sm;ay:ae_yD; zl;a&mifaom '%f&mrsm;udk ‚if;tavmif;ay:Y jrifawG‹c&Jh ygonf? ‚if;Yvnf; ZeD;onfEiS fh orD;i,f wOD;use&f pf cJyh gonf? (3) UNHCR rS ,m,DtodtrSwðf y uyfjym;udik af qmifxm;ol udpk 0H if; udv k nf; vGecf aJh om oH;k ESpf ausmu f ‚if;tdraf xmifusae&m &GmteD;rS BDR rsm;u zrf;qD;oGm;cJ_h yD; (zrf;qD;ae‹xuf q,f&ufausm-f um &ufpjGJ zifh e,fpyfwae&mY w&m;r0if 0ifa&mufvmpOf zrf;rdonf[k &Juw&m; pGu J m) ,ae‹xd b,faxmifY &Sad eonf[yk if owif;r&bJ aysmufaeygonf? ‚if;onf 1990 ck uwnf;u b*Fvma'hcso f dk‹ a&mufvmcJu h m 1992 ckEpS u f yif tdraf xmifusaecJ_h yD; om;orD;oH;k a,muf xGe;f um;cJ_h yD;jzpfygvsuf ,ckrS w&m;r0if vma&mufpOf zrf;rdonf[k vGecf aJh om oH;k ESpu f w&m;pGJ cH&um &Smr&bJ aysmufaeygonf? ‚if;oH;k OD;wdk‹rmS UNHCR ESifh wdu k ±f u dk yf wfoufae-uolrsm; jzpf-u_yD;/ UNHCR ESifh rywfoufyJ towfc-H u&olrsm;rSm ESpq f ,fe;D yg; &Sad ea-umif; od&ygonf? txif&mS ;qH;k wckudk oufaojyygrnf?
(4) tv,fac:awmifòrd‹e,f wGKd if;&GmY 2000 ckEpS u f tdraf xmifusaeol &cdik jf ynfe,fom; wOD;udk 2005 ckEpS u f ‚if;. ZeD;jzpfo. l rdom;pkwdk‹0idk ;f I vnfv;SD um owfypfc-Jh uonf? &cdik jf ynfom;ESifh tdraf xmifusonfudk oabmrwl-uaoma-umifh ‚if;. ZeD;tm; tarGv;Hk 0ray;onfh udpaP -umifh pum;rsm;-u&mrS ZeD;. armifrsm;u 0dik ;f 0ef;zrf;qD;um vnfv;SD owfypfc-Jh uonf? owfc-Jh uaom w&m;cHrsm;rSm wpHw k &mrSyif ta&;,lrcH&bJ &Sad eygonf? wjcm;aom &cdik jf ynfom;rsm; zdEySd /f !‡O;f qJ/ owfjzwfc&H r+rsm; rsm;pGm&Syd gao;onf? &Snv f sm;aernf jzpfygI az:rjyawmhyg? tESpcf sKyf az:jyvdo k nfrmS (&cdik jf ynfrS &cdik 'f kuo Q nfrsm;twGuf b*Fvma'hcsEf idk fio H nf tajc csaexdik &f ef vH;k 0roifah wmfaom Edik if jH zpfaeygonf?) [k av;eufpmG az:jyvdyk gonf? &cdik 'f u k o Q nfrsm; taejzifv h nf; wwd,Edik if H wckco k ‹dk tajccsciG &fh &ef 'g;uUm;&Sd UNHCR xH tvDvD wifjycJ_h yD; jzpfygaomfvnf; ,ae‹xd wpHw k &mrS xl;jcm;r+r&Scd b Jh /J 'g;uUm; UNHCR . OayuQmðyxm; jcif;udk cH-u&um/ txufyg'u k rQ sm;udk cg;pnf;cHae-u_yD;/ us;D vef‹pmpm;b0jzifh oufq;dk &Snaf e-u&ygonf? odk‹jzpfygI txufygwifjycsurf sm;udk axmufxm;-uvsuf Edik if w H uma&muf &cdik f UNHCR 'kuo Q nf rsm;ESifh &cdik t f wwfynm&Si/f todynm&Sirf sm; yl;aygi;f tajz&Sm-u_yD; b*Fvma'hcsEf dkiif &H Sd &mausmrf #om &Sad om &cdik 'f u k o Q nfrsm;udk wwd,Edik if H wckco k dk‹ tapmqH;k ac:xkwf u,fq,f-uyg&ef tav;teuf wifjytyfygonf? &Spaf v;vH;k oydwf &Jabmf}uD; &Jabmf apm&mZm (b*Fvma'hcs)f jrefrm=b*Fvma'hcsef ,fpyf? aemufqufww GJ ifjycsu?f ? vGecf aJh om 7 vcef‹u awmwGi;f vufeufuidk w f zGJ‹onf b*Fvma'hcsf Edik if H &Gmawmfc±dik rf S &Gmvl}uD;wOD;udk zrf;qD;ypfowfomG ;cJyh gonf? a'ocHrsm;u &cdik o f yl ek rf sm;[k pGypf GcJ -Jh u onf? ‚if;&Gmvl}uD;. tokb rcsrSD &Gmawmfòrd‹EiS fh &GmeD;0ef;usirf S &Gmom; 200 cef‹wdk‹u (&cdik o f yl ek rf sm; b*Fvma'hcsf &Gmrsm;rS t"rRaiGaumufonf/ "g;jywdu k o f nf/ jyefay;qGo J nf/ wcgwcg zrf;qD;taoowf oGm;onf? aoolaygi;f q,fausm&f cSd _Jh yD? &cdik jf ynfvw G v f yfa&; &rnfqydk gu igwdk‹ rm&rm vlrsKd ;rsm; &mESihf csI D ao&ygap? igwdk‹a-ueyfonf? ,ckuo Jh dk‹ &cdik af wmfveS af &;vnf; ratmifjrif ygbJ tcsi;f csif; uGaJ e/ _yJae-u? aoG;acsmif;pD; wdu k cf u dk af e-u_yD; &cdik af wmfveS af &;vnf; ratmifjrif/ r}uD;xGm;ygbJ igwdk‹ rm&rm rsm;om epfemaoqH;k ae&onfudk vH;k 0ra-ueyf-ua-umif;) ajym-um;cJ&h ±Hrk u/ &Gmawmfc±dik rf t S p b*Fvma'hcsf wEdik if v H ;Hk &Sd aexdik -f uaom &cdik jf ynfom;rsm;udk zrf;qD;ta&;,l jyefydk‹ay;yg&ef &Gmawmfòrd‹&Sd wyf&if;rSL;xH wifjycJ-h uonf? ‚if;aemuf 7 vcef‹t-umY OD;ppfEdkif towfccH &Jh jcif; jzpfygonf? ‚if; ya,m*a-umifh towfc&H jcif;avm/ wjcm;ta-umif;rsm;a-umifh towfc&H jcif;avm [lonfrmS tajzay; &ef rvG,af o;yg? ±+a'girfh sKd ;pH/k bufaygi;f pHrk S pOf;pm;-uyg&ef wifjyvdu k &f jcif; jzpfygonf? b*Fvma'hcsEf idk if H w0Sr;f vH;k Y us;D vef‹pmpm;b0jzifh 'kurQ sKd ;pHók uHum oufq;dk &Snaf e-u&ukeaf om &cdik jf ynf om; &[ef;&Siv f rl sm; taejzifv h nf; rdrw d dk‹. tm;ud;k &mrJh uln&D mrJh b0udk em;vnfoabmaygu-f uv#uf txl;owdxm; aexdik -f uyg&ef apwemaumif;jzifh wifjytoday; vdu k &f jcif; jzpfygonf?
tdrfjyefvrf;rSvufurf;pmrsm; (2 (2)
ta-umif;t&m?
? Edik if w H uma&muf &cdik f UNHCR 'kuo Q nfrsm;ESifh twwfynm&Sirf sm;xHodk‹ yef-um;pm ay;ydk‹ygjcif;?
todynm&Si/f
b*Fvma'hcsEf idk if HY &yfwnfae-u&aom &cdik f UNHCR 'kuo Q nfrsm;onf = (u) pm;0wfaea&; txl;cufcjJ cif;? (c) aemifa&;twGuf b0tmrcHcsuf r&Sjd cif;? (*) b0wd;k wufa&;qdo k nfrmS arsmv f ifph &mvH;k 0r&Sjd cif;? (C) toufvðHk cHrt + wGuf txl;pd;k &draf e&aom tajctaeod‹k a&muf&aSd e&jcif; ponf'h u k rQ sm; óuHae&r+a-umifh wwd, Edik fiw H ckco k dk‹ tvsit f jrefq;Hk ac:xkw-f uyg&ef tm;vH;k wdk‹udk OD;!¸wyf ef-um; vdu k &f ygonf? (1) UNHCR rS todtrSwðf y cHxm;&ol OD;ppfEidk f (&Spaf v;vH;k 'Dru dk a&pDawmfveS af &;umvtwGi;f &cdik jf ynf/ ajrmufO;D òrd‹ taxGaxGoydwaf umfrwD twGi;f a&;rSL; wm0efjzifh wdu k yf 0GJ ifco Jh )l ‚if;aemuf b*Fvma'hcsEf idk if Hodk‹ a&mufvm_yD; ygwrD sKd ;pHYk wm0efrsKd ;pHjk zifh usiv f nfaecJo h o l nf/ 2009 ck/ -o*kwv f (13) &uf nae (7)em&Dcef‹wiG f ‚if;aexdik &f m &Gmawmfòrd‹Y -oZmwduU r}uD;aom todik ;f t0dki;f rS vlowform;wOD;. 'kwjf zift h ao±du k o f wfra+ -umifh yGcJ si;f _yD; aoqH;k cJ&h ygonf? ‚if;Y q,fausmo f uft&G,f om;i,fwOD; (5 wef;)/ ckEpS Ef pS t f &G,o f rD;i,fwOD; (2)wef;ESifh ZeD;onfwdk‹ tm;ud;k &mrJb h 0jzifh txl;qif;&JpmG jzifh use&f pfc-Jh uygonf? (2) UNHCR rS todtrSwðf y cHxm;&ol udrk if;0g udv k nf; vGecf aJh om ig;ESpcf ef‹u ‚if;aexdik &f m&GmY rdom;pkEiS fh xrif;pm;aepOf BDR rsm;u zrf;qD;ac:aqmifomG ;_yD; aemufwveD;yg; -umaom&ufpGJ jzifh (e,fpyfwae&mY wdu k yf jGJ zpfpOf vufeufEiS t fh wl zrf;qD;rdonf) [k ta-umif;jycsujf zifh &Juw&m;pG_J yD; axmifcsKyfcaH e&pOf vGecf aJh omESpu f ppfwaumif;axmifwiG f aoqH;k oGm;cJ&h ygonf? ‚if;. vnfyif;/ OD;acgi;f ESifh rsuEf mS wckv;Hk Y !drk aJ om trJuu G rf sm;ay:ae_yD; zl;a&mifaom '%f&mrsm;udk ‚if;tavmif;ay:Y jrifawG‹c&Jh ygonf? ‚if;Yvnf; ZeD;onfEiS fh orD;i,f wOD;use&f pf cJyh gonf? (3) UNHCR rS ,m,DtodtrSwðf y uyfjym;udik af qmifxm;ol udpk 0H if; udv k nf; vGecf aJh om oH;k ESpf ausmu f ‚if;tdraf xmifusae&m &GmteD;rS BDR rsm;u zrf;qD;oGm;cJ_h yD; (zrf;qD;ae‹xuf q,f&ufausm-f um &ufpjGJ zifh e,fpyfwae&mY w&m;r0if 0ifa&mufvmpOf zrf;rdonf[k &Juw&m; pGu J m) ,ae‹xd b,faxmifY &Sad eonf[yk if owif;r&bJ aysmufaeygonf? ‚if;onf 1990 ck uwnf;u b*Fvma'hcso f dk‹ a&mufvmcJu h m 1992 ckEpS u f yif tdraf xmifusaecJ_h yD; om;orD;oH;k a,muf xGe;f um;cJ_h yD;jzpfygvsuf ,ckrS w&m;r0if vma&mufpOf zrf;rdonf[k vGecf aJh om oH;k ESpu f w&m;pGJ cH&um &Smr&bJ aysmufaeygonf? ‚if;oH;k OD;wdk‹rmS UNHCR ESifh wdu k ±f u dk yf wfoufae-uolrsm; jzpf-u_yD;/ UNHCR ESifh rywfoufyJ towfc-H u&olrsm;rSm ESpq f ,fe;D yg; &Sad ea-umif; od&ygonf? txif&mS ;qH;k wckudk oufaojyygrnf?
(4) tv,fac:awmifòrd‹e,f wGKd if;&GmY 2000 ckEpS u f tdraf xmifusaeol &cdik jf ynfe,fom; wOD;udk 2005 ckEpS u f ‚if;. ZeD;jzpfo. l rdom;pkwdk‹0idk ;f I vnfv;SD um owfypfc-Jh uonf? &cdik jf ynfom;ESifh tdraf xmifusonfudk oabmrwl-uaoma-umifh ‚if;. ZeD;tm; tarGv;Hk 0ray;onfh udpaP -umifh pum;rsm;-u&mrS ZeD;. armifrsm;u 0dik ;f 0ef;zrf;qD;um vnfv;SD owfypfc-Jh uonf? owfc-Jh uaom w&m;cHrsm;rSm wpHw k &mrSyif ta&;,lrcH&bJ &Sad eygonf? wjcm;aom &cdik jf ynfom;rsm; zdEySd /f !‡O;f qJ/ owfjzwfc&H r+rsm; rsm;pGm&Syd gao;onf? &Snv f sm;aernf jzpfygI az:rjyawmhyg? tESpcf sKyf az:jyvdo k nfrmS (&cdik jf ynfrS &cdik 'f kuo Q nfrsm;twGuf b*Fvma'hcsEf idk fio H nf tajc csaexdik &f ef vH;k 0roifah wmfaom Edik if jH zpfaeygonf?) [k av;eufpmG az:jyvdyk gonf? &cdik 'f u k o Q nfrsm; taejzifv h nf; wwd,Edik if H wckco k ‹dk tajccsciG &fh &ef 'g;uUm;&Sd UNHCR xH tvDvD wifjycJ_h yD; jzpfygaomfvnf; ,ae‹xd wpHw k &mrS xl;jcm;r+r&Scd b Jh /J 'g;uUm; UNHCR . OayuQmðyxm; jcif;udk cH-u&um/ txufyg'u k rQ sm;udk cg;pnf;cHae-u_yD;/ us;D vef‹pmpm;b0jzifh oufq;dk &Snaf e-u&ygonf? odk‹jzpfygI txufygwifjycsurf sm;udk axmufxm;-uvsuf Edik if w H uma&muf &cdik f UNHCR 'kuo Q nf rsm;ESifh &cdik t f wwfynm&Si/f todynm&Sirf sm; yl;aygi;f tajz&Sm-u_yD; b*Fvma'hcsEf dkiif &H Sd &mausmrf #om &Sad om &cdik 'f u k o Q nfrsm;udk wwd,Edik if H wckco k dk‹ tapmqH;k ac:xkwf u,fq,f-uyg&ef tav;teuf wifjytyfygonf? &Spaf v;vH;k oydwf &Jabmf}uD; &Jabmf apm&mZm (b*Fvma'hcs)f jrefrm=b*Fvma'hcsef ,fpyf? aemufqufww GJ ifjycsu?f ? vGecf aJh om 7 vcef‹u awmwGi;f vufeufuidk w f zGJ‹onf b*Fvma'hcsf Edik if H &Gmawmfc±dik rf S &Gmvl}uD;wOD;udk zrf;qD;ypfowfomG ;cJyh gonf? a'ocHrsm;u &cdik o f yl ek rf sm;[k pGypf GcJ -Jh u onf? ‚if;&Gmvl}uD;. tokb rcsrSD &Gmawmfòrd‹EiS fh &GmeD;0ef;usirf S &Gmom; 200 cef‹wdk‹u (&cdik o f yl ek rf sm; b*Fvma'hcsf &Gmrsm;rS t"rRaiGaumufonf/ "g;jywdu k o f nf/ jyefay;qGo J nf/ wcgwcg zrf;qD;taoowf oGm;onf? aoolaygi;f q,fausm&f cSd _Jh yD? &cdik jf ynfvw G v f yfa&; &rnfqydk gu igwdk‹ rm&rm vlrsKd ;rsm; &mESihf csI D ao&ygap? igwdk‹a-ueyfonf? ,ckuo Jh dk‹ &cdik af wmfveS af &;vnf; ratmifjrif ygbJ tcsi;f csif; uGaJ e/ _yJae-u? aoG;acsmif;pD; wdu k cf u dk af e-u_yD; &cdik af wmfveS af &;vnf; ratmifjrif/ r}uD;xGm;ygbJ igwdk‹ rm&rm rsm;om epfemaoqH;k ae&onfudk vH;k 0ra-ueyf-ua-umif;) ajym-um;cJ&h ±Hrk u/ &Gmawmfc±dik rf t S p b*Fvma'hcsf wEdik if v H ;Hk &Sd aexdik -f uaom &cdik jf ynfom;rsm;udk zrf;qD;ta&;,l jyefydk‹ay;yg&ef &Gmawmfòrd‹&Sd wyf&if;rSL;xH wifjycJ-h uonf? ‚if;aemuf 7 vcef‹t-umY OD;ppfEdkif towfccH &Jh jcif; jzpfygonf? ‚if; ya,m*a-umifh towfc&H jcif;avm/ wjcm;ta-umif;rsm;a-umifh towfc&H jcif;avm [lonfrmS tajzay; &ef rvG,af o;yg? ±+a'girfh sKd ;pH/k bufaygi;f pHrk S pOf;pm;-uyg&ef wifjyvdu k &f jcif; jzpfygonf? b*Fvma'hcsEf idk if H w0Sr;f vH;k Y us;D vef‹pmpm;b0jzifh 'kurQ sKd ;pHók uHum oufq;dk &Snaf e-u&ukeaf om &cdik jf ynf om; &[ef;&Siv f rl sm; taejzifv h nf; rdrw d dk‹. tm;ud;k &mrJh uln&D mrJh b0udk em;vnfoabmaygu-f uv#uf txl;owdxm; aexdik -f uyg&ef apwemaumif;jzifh wifjytoday; vdu k &f jcif; jzpfygonf?
