Rt Jan 07 Question

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Centre No.

Initial(s)

Paper Reference

6 9 9 3

Candidate No.

0 1

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Paper Reference(s)

6993/01

Examiner’s use only

Edexcel GCE

Team Leader’s use only

Travel and Tourism Advanced Unit 7: Responsible Tourism Monday 22 January 2007 – Afternoon Time: 1 hour 30 minutes

Question Leave Number Blank

1 2 3 4 5

Materials required for examination Nil

Items included with question papers Nil

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Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and signature. Check that you have the correct question paper. Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper.

Information for Candidates The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2). There are 3 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 90. There are 16 pages in this question paper. Any blank pages are indicated.

Advice to Candidates You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.

Total This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy. ©2007 Edexcel Limited. Printer’s Log. No.

M26371A W850/R6993/57570 6/6/6/6/4

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Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Read the information below before answering question 1. The New Forest The New Forest became the first new National Park for 15 years in March 2005. This gave the area national and international status and protection. It is in southern England and is mainly a rural area with a landscape made up of heath land, bogs, woodland, streams and a long coastline.

ENGLAND

There are many reasons for visiting the New Forest. The coastline is a designated Heritage Coast and has been the scene of many shipwrecks over the centuries. There are interesting and historic villages and fishing communities such as Buckler’s Hard, which is where some of the ships of Nelson’s fleet were built for the 1805 battle of Trafalgar.

New Forest National Park

English Channel

ISLE OF WIGHT

There are many built attractions, such as museums, heritage centres and historic sites such as Rockbourne Roman Villa. One major built attraction is the stately home of Beaulieu, home to the Montague family, which includes the National Motor Museum as well as Abbey ruins. There are many pretty, small towns and villages to attract tourists, including the rural towns of Lyndhurst and Burley, as well as Britain’s only surviving tidal mill, Eling Tide Mill. Today, tourism brings in over £150 million annually to the area through over 22 million visits, and provides about 30% of all jobs. The tourism industry is not the only employer. Some of the other jobs are provided by an oil-fuelled power station on the coast and a waste management site, both of which existed before the New Forest became a National Park. 600,000 people live within the Park’s boundaries. The New Forest National Park Authority has been set up by the government to ensure sustainable development for the National Park. Its purposes are to:

• • •

conserve create enjoyment develop understanding of the area.

Its aim is to give visitors a ‘higher quality experience’ and it is working with a number of partners to ensure this happens. Some of its partners include the Forestry Commission, Countryside Agency, Council for National Parks, English Nature, Tourism South East, South East England Development Agency, New Forest Tourism Association, New Forest District Council, Hampshire County Council and Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildfowl Trust. (Source: Bournemouth Echo)

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(a) (i) Name one public and one voluntary sector agent working with the New Forest National Park Authority. Public sector agent ................................................................................................. Voluntary sector agent ........................................................................................... (2) (ii) Describe one difference in the role of public sector and voluntary sector agents of tourism development. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (2) (iii) State one environmental objective of tourism development the New Forest National Park Authority is likely to have. Objective ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (2)

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(b) New Forest National Park Authority is keen to develop quality tourism, which builds on the area’s history and heritage. One proposal is to develop an international visitors’ centre. (i) State two agents of tourism development that could assist with this proposal and describe their role. Agent one ............................................................................................................... Description of role ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ Agent two .............................................................................................................. Description of role ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (6)

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(ii) Describe in detail one tourism development proposal that would help preserve the history and heritage of the New Forest National Park. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (6)

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(iii) Describe in detail one tourism development proposal that would help preserve the environment of the New Forest National Park. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (6)

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One of the main attractions to the New Forest are the ponies, which wander around freely through the forest grazing. Over the last two years, 228 ponies have been killed through accidents with cars so there is a need to educate tourists about the wildlife and environment of the New Forest. (c) Explain how the New Forest National Park Authority could minimise the impact of visitors on wildlife and the environment. Support your answers by making reference to real and appropriate examples you have researched. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (10)

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The landowner of a large Grade II listed Georgian house with twenty bedrooms, set in three acres of ancient woodland, has applied for planning permission to convert his house and grounds into a residential conference and events centre with the aim of generating income. (d) (i) The landowner may conflict with English Heritage over this plan because of their different objectives. Explain why these different objectives are likely to lead to conflicts between the two agents. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (4) (ii) Suggest how the New Forest National Park Authority could resolve these conflicts. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (4) (Total 42 marks)

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Q1

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Read the following before answering question 2. United Arab Emirates (UAE), a year round destination on the Arabian Gulf In 1971, seven emirates officially formed the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Dubai, situated on the southern shore of the Arabian Gulf, is the largest and one of the most popular of these with UK tourists. It was originally a small fishing settlement, until forty years ago, when the discovery of oil funded the development of the economic and social infrastructure for today’s modern society. Today, oil contributes just 20 per cent of the nation’s wealth. Trading, manufacturing and services, including tourism, now dominate the economy. Dubai has seen impressive growth year after year, even at times when the tourism industry in other parts of the world went through major downturns and negative developments. Dubai is a bustling city combining traditional heritage with modern technology, and borders a desert which is sparsely populated. Key attractions are all-year-round sunshine, uncrowded, clean sandy beaches, Arabian experiences such as desert safaris, sand ski-ing, driving along dry river beds, tax-free shopping and top class international hotels with many varied restaurants. Dubai has a low crime rate. Its people are friendly and welcome tourists. Despite rapid development there remains a close link to its heritage as locals dress in traditional robes and headdress, and traditional sports such as falconry, camel racing and dhow (traditional boat) racing at sea continue to thrive. Some have said Dubai has ignored eco tourism in favour of mass tourism. Every year, more passengers on more flights from more destinations fly to Dubai. In 2004, 21.7 million passengers used Dubai International Airport, and this increased by 4 million the following year. To deal with this increase a third terminal was built at Dubai International Airport and an even larger airport is planned 40 kilometres away. This massive infrastructure development is continued throughout the city and immediate areas. One example is the development of hotels all along the coast. The view that tourists now get walking along the miles of the famous Jumeirah Beach, is one of tall cranes and continuous building works all around.

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2.

(a) The development of a tourist destination like Dubai can be compared to the Tourist Area Life Cycle (TALC), a model, which shows tourist numbers to a destination over time. Rejuvenation

X Consolidation

Y Number of Tourists Development

Involvement

A

Exploration TIME

(Source: R.W. Butler, Tourist Area Life Cycle, 1980)

(i) Using the diagram, name the stages X and Y of the tourist area life cycle (TALC) model. Stage X .................................................................................................................. Stage Y ................................................................................................................... (2) (ii) One of the stages of the tourist area life cycle is ‘exploration’. Describe the characteristics of this stage. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (4)

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(iii) One other stage of the tourist area life cycle is ‘rejuvenation’. Analyse the positive impacts that rejuvenation can bring to destinations. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (9) 12

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(b) (i) Identify the stage of the tourist area life cycle (TALC) that Dubai has reached. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (1) (ii) Explain your reasons for the stage given in (b)(i) above. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (2)

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(iii) Analyse the negative impacts that tourism could have on rapidly developing destinations such as Dubai. Support your answer by making reference to real and appropriate examples you have researched. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (10) (Total 28 marks)

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Q2

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About 1.5 hours from Dubai, and linked to it by motorway, lies another of the seven emirates called Fujairah. It is situated on the Indian Ocean and traditionally its main occupations were fishing and agriculture. It is starting to attract tourists all year round. It has a long history of seafaring. It has clean beaches, which make it ideal for water sports like swimming, yachting, water surfing and deep sea fishing. Mountains separate it from the rest of the emirates, with scenery such as wadis and waterfalls. The Fujairah Tourism Bureau was set up a few years ago, to promote inbound tourism through traditional activities such as watching bloodless bull-wrestling, visiting mangrove forests and bird-breeding sites or navigating steep mountain roads. Current developments include three new hotels along the coast and tree planting at one of the dry river valleys (wadis), to change the area into a tourist resort. The first stage will include a restaurant and a coffee shop beside the lake waters. The opening of a 2.0 km road from the residential area of Wadi Zakt to the location of the new resort, will make it easier to reach. All of these developments will mean employment for local people. Fujairah will therefore be well placed to meet the demands of discerning tourists, as it is up to now, largely undiscovered. 3.

(a) Explain the principles of responsible tourism. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (6)

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(b) Explain how Fujairah can develop its tourism, to minimise the negative and maximise the positive impacts. Support your answers by making reference to real and appropriate examples you have researched. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (10) (c) Assess to what extent your answers in (b) support the principles of responsible

tourism. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (4) (Total 20 marks) TOTAL FOR PAPER: 90 MARKS END 16

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Q3