Role Of Nuclear Engineering, Dr Xoubi

NE 101 Basics of Nuclear Engineering & Technology Chapter 1: Introduction Role of Nuclear Engineering Dr. Ned Xoubi

‫الدكتور نضال الزعبي‬ Founder of the Nuclear Engineering Department Fall Semester 2007/ 2008

Course Topics 1. Introduction / Role of Nuclear Engineering 2. History of Nuclear Energy 3. Atomic Structure 4. Radioactivity 5. Fission Process 6. Nuclear Reactors 7. Radiation Sources and Exposure 8. Non Power Applications of Nuclear Technologies 9. Nuclear Energy and its Roll in Society 10. Nuclear Development in the Arab World 11. National and International Nuclear Laws Nuclear Engineering Department 12. Nuclear Safety and Security xoubi

   

B.Sc. Nuclear Engineering program

Reference Paper: DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR ENGINEERING EDUCATION IN JORDAN Xoubi_ IAEA-CN-153-4-P14

www.iaea.org/inisnkm/nkm/documents/nkmCon2007/fulltext/ FP/IAEA-CN-153-4-P-14fp.pdf Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

Nuclear Engineering Nuclear engineering is the engineering discipline concerned with the application and utilization of nuclear energy and radiation.

Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

Microscopic to the Gigantic World This unique engineering discipline, spans engineering systems from the microscopic world of atoms and subatomic particles to the gigantic world of devices and power systems. Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

Ability to Think Nuclear engineer must have the ability to think on both of these levels, and to switch his thinking from the subatomic level and what happened on that level, to the gigantic level of huge engineering systems of power and how both of these worlds interact and effect each other. Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

The Scope of Nuclear Engineering Design, analysis, development, construction, testing, operation and maintenance of nuclear fission / fusion systems and components, specifically, Nuclear reactors Nuclear power plants Nuclear weapons Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

The Scope of Nuclear Engineering The field extends to the utilization of radiation in Manufacturing Agriculture Medicine Biomedical devices Disposal of HLW Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

CHAPTER 2

History of Nuclear Energy

Copy rights All rights reserved © 2007 xoubi This is unedited copy, please do not copy or circulate

Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

History of Nuclear Energy Four different periods
Before 1939
Nuclear Age
1939 – 1945
1945 – 1980
1980 – 2005
Revival of Nuclear Energy Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

The Discovery Period  The basics of science and physics of the atom, atomic radiation, radioactivity, atomic change were discovered and developed.  1789 Martin Klaproth discovers Uranium  1895 Wilhelm Roentgen discovers ionizing radiation, by producing X-rays.  1905 Albert Einstein developed his theory of the relationship between mass and energy Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

Discovery of Neutrons 1931 Harold Urey discovers deuterium 1932 James Chadwick proves the existence of neutrons  1934 Enrico Fermi irradiates uranium with neutrons. He believes he has produced the first transuranic element Enrico Fermi (DOE)

Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

Nuclear Fission 1938 Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann split the uranium atom (nuclear fission) by bombarding it with neutrons and show that the elements barium and krypton are formed. Meitner used Einstein’s theory to show the lost mass changed to energy. This proved fission Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch occurred. (DOE)

Nuclear Engineering Department

xoubi

   

Dawn of the Nuclear Age (1939)  Meitner & Frisch publish theory of nuclear fission  Scientists around the world conduct experiments on uranium fission  First US fission experiment Leo Szilard and Albert Einstein at Columbia University signing a letter to President  Einstein send a letter to President Roosevelt

Roosevelt, August 2, 1939.

Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

The world’s first Reactor  World's first controlled and self-sustaining nuclear fission reaction, on Dec. 2, 1942  350,000 kg of graphite  36,588 kg of U oxide  5,630 kg of U metal  It cost about $1 million  7.50 m wide and 6.0 m high xoubi

Nuclear Engineering Department

   

First Atomic Bomb (1945)  The world's first atomic bomb test is conducted in the US, at Alamogordo, New Mexico, on July 16, 1945, at 5:29:45 AM  The world had entered the nuclear age  The "Gadget" had a yield equivalent to 19 kilotons of TNT.

Picture: Los Alamos National Laboratory

Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

First Atomic Bomb (1945)

Pictures: LANL

Since then 2411 nuclear bombs have been tested Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

US Attack Japan  The first atomic bomb against another nation was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. The uranium bomb, nicknamed Little Boy, killed about 140,000 people. Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

US Attack Japan  An atomic bomb made out of plutonium and nicknamed Fat Man was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan on August 9, 1945, killing about 74,000 people. are killed. Smoke over Nagasaki, Japan after the atomic bomb was dropped Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

Atoms for Peace  1951 The Experimental Breeder Reactor I, produces the first electric power from nuclear energy  1953 US Navy's first nuclear submarine, Nautilus, starts its nuclear power units for the first time.

The EBRI Nuclear Reactor In Arco, Idaho

Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

Atoms for Peace  1951 The Experimental Breeder Reactor I, produces the first electric power from nuclear energy  1953 US Navy's first nuclear submarine, Nautilus, starts its nuclear power units for the first time.

The EBRI Nuclear Reactor In Arco, Idaho

Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

World’s First Nuclear Power Plant  1954 The first nuclear power plant, goes on line in the Soviet union on July 27  The Obninsk plant is a water cooled graphite moderated reactor  Electrical power 5 MW Obninsk nuclear power plant, Russia Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

Nuclear Power Comes to the Arab World  1955 The Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) is established  1957 IAEA is created

 1958 Israel constructs a 26MW, HW reactor at Dimona  1959 The first Russian nuclear icebreaker was put into operation. Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

Nuclear Power Comes to the Arab World  1960 The first French nuclear bomb test occurs at Algeria  1960 Israel RR at Soreq is commissioned, 5 MW, USA.  1961 The first Egyptian research reactor is commissioned.  First radioisotope-powered remote weather station installed, Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

Nuclear Power Goes to Space  1961 The first RTG used in a space mission was launched  1965 First nuclear reactor in space (SNAP-10A) is launched by the US.  1965 World’s first commercial irradiation plant for food processing, Canada  1967 Iraq’s first RR is commissioned, 5MW, supplied by Russia. Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

Nuclear Power In Space  1967 Iran’s first RR is commissioned, 5MW, pool type water cooled and moderated reactor  1969 Nuclear electric power arrived on the moon for the first time the SNAP-27 nuclear generator is deployed on the lunar Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

Nuclear Power Plant Construction  Number of NPP that started construction that year  1967 26

 1974 28

 1968 35

 1975 33

 1970 37

 1976 32

 1972 27

 1979 25

 1973 26

 1980 20 Nuclear Engineering Department

xoubi

   

Power Reactors in Operation  By 1970 81 NPR were in operation – 16 GWe  1975 167 NPR in operation – 73 GWe  By 1980 243 NPR were in operation – 137 GWe  By 1986 390 NPR were in operation – 280 GWe  1990 419 337 GWe

 1999 436 354 GWe

 1995 435 340 GWe

 2005 435 370 GWe Nuclear Engineering Department

xoubi

   

TMI Accident  1979 The worst accident in U.S occurs at the TMI nuclear power station, Pennsylvania  No one is injured, and minimal radioactive material is released

Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

Osirak Reactor  1981 Israeli aircraft destroys Iraq's Osirak reactor on June 7  1981 Libya’s first nuclear research reactor at Tajoura begin operation, the reactor is 10MW, pool type reactor, supplied by the soviet union

Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

Chernobyl 1986

Massive amounts of radioactive material are released

Operator error causes two explosions at the Chernobyl No. 4 plant resulting in a reactor meltdown

 The worst nuclear accident

Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi

   

2006 • 442 nuclear power plants in operation with a total net installed capacity of 369.588 GW(e) • 28 nuclear power plants under construction

Nuclear Engineering Department xoubi