Rift Valley Fever .presentation

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‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫البيض‪ -‬تصميم‪.‬د‪/‬أمجد محمد‬

‫‪03/02/09‬‬

RABAK VETERINARY RESEARCH LABORATORY ANIMAL RESOURCE RESEARCH CORPORATION MENISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND BIO SAFETY

03/02/09

‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫أمجد محمد‬/‫د‬.‫ تصميم‬-‫البيض‬

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Rift valley fever in White Nile State (WNS)

introduction It is a serious zoonosis of complex of mosquitoes –borne viruses which is per acute to acute, febrile disease of cattle, sheep, goat and man characterized in lambs and calves by hepatitis and high mortality, in adult sheep and in cattle by abortion and in man by an influenza-like disease. The occurrence of abortion and disease in ruminants, together with disease of humans, following heavy and prolonged rain full, is characteristic of rift valley fever (RVF). 03/02/09

‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫أمجد محمد‬/‫د‬.‫ تصميم‬-‫البيض‬

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a etiology The causative: Arbovirus, RNA genome virus the genus: phlebovirus, Family: bunya viridae This family contain over 200 viruses divided into 5 genera, but only a few are important pathogen of animals. Most of these viruses are biologically arthropod borne, mosquitoes, ticks, sand flies, or culicoides species serving as vectors (3).

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Properties of virus:II. The virion are spherical and enveloped ,the envelop contains at least one virus-specified glycopeptides. III. The internal Ribonucleoprotein(RNP) occurs in long strands 2.0 to 2.5 nm wide. The genome consist of a negative sense single- stranded RNA in three pieces, with molecular weights of about 4,2 and 0.8x106 Daltons. IV. The virions develop in the cytoplasm of host cell and mature by budding into smooth-surface membranes in or adjacent to the Golgi region. V. The stability of RVF virus depend on temperature. VI. It is stable in aerosols and is not inactivated by freezing. VII. It is completely inactivated in laboratory condition by 0.1% beta-propiolactone at PH 9.0, and by 0.25% formaldehyde at 4 0c for 3 days. VIII.The virus is inactivated rapidly if the PH falls below 6.8 or under direct ultraviolet irradiation. Methylene blue causes virus inactivation in 40 minutes. 03/02/09

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Disinfection purposes in animal husbandry 0.5% caustic soda solution. 5% phenol solution. Chlorine-containing disinfectants or formaldehyde may be used.

qCharacteristic lesions are found in the liver, the organ is grossly enlarged, surface is molted gray to grayish-red or purple, bears numerous gray to white sub capsular, opaque loci. qIn lambs, the liver usually is gray to reddish- brown ,the distribution of the gray necrotic lesions is likely to be more diffuse than in adult sheep. qThe gallbladder wall may be thickened by edema and contain subserosal hemorrhages, particularly near it’s attachment to the liver. q The visible mucosa are usually cyanotic and the vessels of the 03/02/09

‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫أمجد محمد‬/‫د‬.‫ تصميم‬-‫البيض‬

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q The mammary gland may be grossly purple in color but no mastitis is present. q Hemorrhage may occur in the subcutis of the axillae and the medial and lower aspects of the limb. q Hemorrhages may also be seen in the peritoneum of the gastrointestinal tract and diaphragm, as well as under the pleura, pericardium and endocardium and the myocardium. q Similar hemorrhages may occur in the sub mucosa and muscular is of the gastrointestinal tract and in the pancrease, kidney, adrenal, lung, thymus and lymph nodes especially those of the mesentery. q The lymph nodes are enlarged and appear moist and reddened, the mesenteric and periportal node may contain numerous. q Ulceration of the intestinal mucosa may be seen in the terminal portion of the ileum, the cecum and the initial part of the colon. q Kidney are usually slightly enlarged, the spleen is usually enlarged and exhibit subcapsular petichea

03/02/09

‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫أمجد محمد‬/‫د‬.‫ تصميم‬-‫البيض‬

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‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫البيض‪ -‬تصميم‪.‬د‪/‬أمجد محمد‬

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‫‪Procedure of sampling‬‬

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‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫البيض‪ -‬تصميم‪.‬د‪/‬أمجد محمد‬

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‫‪Simple random sampling‬‬

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‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫البيض‪ -‬تصميم‪.‬د‪/‬أمجد محمد‬

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‫‪EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE RANDOM‬‬ ‫‪SAMPLE‬‬

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‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫البيض‪ -‬تصميم‪.‬د‪/‬أمجد محمد‬

‫‪03/02/09‬‬

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE To take the samples you should know the fallowing points

Organ s

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Bloo d

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‫‪Equipments‬‬

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‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫البيض‪ -‬تصميم‪.‬د‪/‬أمجد محمد‬

‫‪03/02/09‬‬

Preservation and transportation to lab 1) Blood samples should be collected from febrile animals into (EDTA) or heparin to which antibiotics have been added as preservatives (penicillin 200 units and streptomycin 200 µg/ml, final concentration). 2) Samples of liver and spleen should be collected aseptically both from freshly dead animals at autopsy and from aborted foetuses ,if availabe, and placed in sterile containers. 3) Duplicate tissue specimens should be collected in neutral buffered formalin for histopathology. 4) Blood samples about 20 ml each, should be collected from animals in the acute and convalescent phases of the disease, For serum. 03/02/09

‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫أمجد محمد‬/‫د‬.‫ تصميم‬-‫البيض‬

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‫‪Biological safety‬‬

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‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫البيض‪ -‬تصميم‪.‬د‪/‬أمجد محمد‬

‫‪03/02/09‬‬

Introductio n Risk group (WHO Risk Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4). This risk group classification is to be used for laboratory work only. Table 1 describes the risk groups.

Table 1. Classification of infective microorganisms by risk group

Risk Group 1 (no or low individual and community risk) A microorganism that is unlikely to cause human or animal disease. Risk Group 2 (moderate individual risk, low community risk) A pathogen that can cause human or animal disease but is unlikely to be a serious hazard to laboratory workers, the community, livestock or the environment. Laboratory exposures may cause serious infection, but effective treatment and preventive measures are available and the risk of spread of infection is limited. Risk Group 3 (high individual risk, low community risk) A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease but does not ordinarily spread from one infected individual to another. Effective treatment and preventive measures are available. Risk Group 4 (high individual and community risk) A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease and that can be ‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬

03/02/09

‫أمجد محمد‬/‫د‬.‫ تصميم‬-‫البيض‬

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Relation of risk groups to biosafety levels, practices and equipment

03/02/09

‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫أمجد محمد‬/‫د‬.‫ تصميم‬-‫البيض‬

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‫‪Bio safety Level 3‬‬

‫‪The containment laboratory‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫البيض‪ -‬تصميم‪.‬د‪/‬أمجد محمد‬

‫‪03/02/09‬‬

v The containment laboratory – Bio-safety Level 3 is designed and provided for work with Risk Group 3 microorganisms and with large volumes or high concentrations of Risk Group 2 microorganisms that pose an increased risk of aerosol spread. v Biosafety Level 3 containment requires the strengthening of the operational and safety programmes over and above those for basic laboratories. v Biosafety Level 3. The major additions and changes are in: 1. Code of practice 2. Laboratory design and facilities 3. Health and medical surveillance. Laboratories in this category should be registered or listed with the national or other appropriate health authorities.

03/02/09

‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫أمجد محمد‬/‫د‬.‫ تصميم‬-‫البيض‬

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‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

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‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫البيض‪ -‬تصميم‪.‬د‪/‬أمجد محمد‬

‫‪03/02/09‬‬

Code of practice The code of practice for basic laboratories except where modified as follows. 1. The international biohazard warning symbol and sign displayed on laboratory access doors must identify the bio safety level and the name of the laboratory supervisor who controls access, and indicate any special conditions for entry into the area, e.g. immunization. 2. Laboratory protective clothing must be of the type with solid-front or wrap-around gowns, scrub suits, coveralls, head covering and, where appropriate, shoe covers or dedicated shoes. Laboratory protective clothing must not be worn outside the laboratory, and it must be decontaminated before it is laundered. The removal of street clothing and change into dedicated laboratory clothing may be warranted when working with certain agents (e.g. zoonotic agents).

03/02/09

‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫أمجد محمد‬/‫د‬.‫ تصميم‬-‫البيض‬

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Laboratory equipment The principles for the selection of laboratory equipment, including biological safety cabinets are the same as for the basic laboratory – Bio safety Level 2. However, at Bio safety Level 3, manipulation of all potentially infectious material must be conducted within a biological safety cabinet or other primary containment device. Consideration should be given to equipment such as centrifuges, which will need additional containment accessories, for example, safety buckets or containment rotors. Some centrifuges and other equipment, such as cellsorting instruments for use with infected cells, may need additional local exhaust ventilation .

03/02/09

‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫أمجد محمد‬/‫د‬.‫ تصميم‬-‫البيض‬

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‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫البيض‪ -‬تصميم‪.‬د‪/‬أمجد محمد‬

‫‪03/02/09‬‬

A typical Biosafety Level 3 laboratory

(graphics kindly provided by CUH2A, Princeton, NJ, USA). §The laboratory is separated from general traffic flow and accessed through an anteroom (double door entry or basic laboratory – Bio safety Level 2) or an airlock. §An autoclave is available within the facility for decontamination of wastes prior to disposal. §A sink with hands-free operation is available. §Inward directional airflow is established and all work with infectious materials is conducted within a biological safety cabinet.

03/02/09

‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫أمجد محمد‬/‫د‬.‫ تصميم‬-‫البيض‬

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Health and medical surveillance

1. Medical examination of all laboratory personnel who work in containment laboratories – Biosafety Level 3 is mandatory. This should include recording of a detailed medical history and an occupationally-targeted physical examination. 2. After a satisfactory clinical assessment, the examinee may be provided with a medical contact card stating that he or she is employed in a facility with a containment laboratory – Biosafety Level 3. This card should include üa picture of the card holder. üThe name(s) of the contact persons to be entered will need to be agreed locally but might include the laboratory director, medical adviser and/or biosafety officer.

03/02/09

‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫أمجد محمد‬/‫د‬.‫ تصميم‬-‫البيض‬

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Personal protection 1. Laboratory coveralls, gowns or uniforms must be worn . 2. Appropriate gloves must be worn for all procedures t h a t m ay i n v o l v e d i r e c t o r a c c i d e n t a l c o n t a c t w i t h blood, body fluids and other potentially infectious materials or infected animals. After use, gloves should be removed aseptically and hands must then be washed. 3. Personnel must wash their hands after handling infectious materials and animals. 4. Safety glasses, face shields (visors) or other protective devices must be worn when it is necessary to protect the eyes and face from splashes, impacting objects and sources of artificial ultraviolet radiation. 5. Open-toed footwear must not be worn in laboratories. 6. Eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics and handling contact lenses is prohibited in the laboratory working areas. 7. Storing human foods or drinks anywhere in the laboratory working areas is prohibited. ‫معمل البحوث البيطرية‬ 803/02/09 . P r o t e c t i v e l a b o r a‫النيل‬ t ‫محمد‬ o ‫ولية‬ r y‫أمجد‬ c l/o t h i n g t h a t h a s b e e n u s e d 26 ‫د‬.‫ تصميم‬-‫البيض‬

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‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫البيض‪ -‬تصميم‪.‬د‪/‬أمجد محمد‬

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‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫البيض‪ -‬تصميم‪.‬د‪/‬أمجد محمد‬

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‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫البيض‪ -‬تصميم‪.‬د‪/‬أمجد محمد‬

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‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫البيض‪ -‬تصميم‪.‬د‪/‬أمجد محمد‬

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‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫البيض‪ -‬تصميم‪.‬د‪/‬أمجد محمد‬

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‫معمل البحوث البيطرية ولية النيل‬ ‫البيض‪ -‬تصميم‪.‬د‪/‬أمجد محمد‬

‫‪03/02/09‬‬