Reviewer In Ncm 100 Skills

JUN CARY V. SUITOS, SN Arellano University – 0900252

College of Nursing – Batch 2011

REVIEWER in NCM 100 SKILLS (FINAL EXAMINATION) I.

DEFINITION OF TERMS a. Medication - treatment with drugs or remedies b. Prescription – a written order, especially by a physician, for the preparation and administration of a medicine or other treatment c. Chemical Name – name of a chemical compound that shows the names of each of its elements or sub compounds. For example, the chemical name of aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid d. Generic Name – official nonproprietary name of a drug, under which it is licensed and identified by the manufacturer e. Brand / Trade Name – a name used to identify a commercial product or service, which may or may not be registered as a trademark. Also called brand name f. Pharmacology – the science of drugs, including their composition, uses, and effects. g. Pharmacy – the art of preparing and dispensing drugs h. Pharmacopeia – drug handbook, originated in China i. Pharmacodynamics – what the drugs does to human body j. Phamacokinetics – what the body does to drugs k. Pharmacotherapeutics – the therapeutic action, reaction, and interaction of drugs to human body l. Drug interaction - a situation in which a substance affects the activity of a drug m. Abortion – termination of pregnancy and expulsion of an embryo or of a fetus that is incapable of survival n. Elicit Drugs – is a global black market consisting of the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of illegal drugs

ABSORPTION DISTRIBUTION BIOTRANFORMATION/ METABOLISM EXCRETION

IV.

ii. Pharmacokinetics III. Therapeutic action of drugs: a. Palliative – temporary relief b. Curative – heals completely c. Supportive – supplement d. Substitute – replacement e. Chemotherapeutic – destroys malignant cells f. Restorative – return body to health g. Diagnostic – used in drug testing/ allergy examination h. Maintenance – keeps functional state i. Contraceptives – prevents conception

Drug effects a. Side effect – unintended effect of drugs to human body b. Adverse effect – severe unintended effect of drugs

JUN CARY V. SUITOS, SN Arellano University – 0900252

College of Nursing – Batch 2011 c. Drug toxicity – deleterious drug effect d. Drug allergy – inflammation; an uncommon and unwanted side effect of drug e. Anaphylactic reaction – unintended drug effect that may result to death f. Idiosyncratic effect - occur rarely and unpredictably amongst the population g. Iatrogenic effect – unintentional drug misuse V.

VI.

Factors affecting drug actions: 1. Age 2. gender 3. Body weight 4. food 5. drug form

6. route of administration 7. exercise 8. GI motility 9. other drugs

Principles in Administering drug administration: 1. Right drug 6. Right documentation 2. Right Client 7. Right assessment 3. Right dosage 8. Right to health education 4. Right route 9. Right to refuse 5. Right time/ frequency 10. Right evaluation -

Parenteral Medication

a. Classification: 6. SQ / Subcutaneous (hypodermic) – into the subcutaneous tissue, just underneath the skin 7. IM / Intramuscular – into the muscle The client must not say “OUCH”! 8. ID / Intradermal – under the epidermis 9. IV / Intavenous – into a vein b. Position In administering parenteral 1. SQ = 45º medication, you must: - 0.5 – I cc solution 1. Distract the client - 5/8 inch or 25 gauge needle 2. Apply cold compress 2. IM = 90º - used into the deep tissue 3. DO NOT HESITATE! 3. ID = 0º - 15º 4. Make sure that the needle is - 0.1 cc EXTREMELY SHARP. - 0.9 cc - used for mantoux test c. Sites 1. Vastus lateralis – anterior lateral aspect of the thigh 2. Ventrogluteal muscle – safe for all client 3. Dorsogluteal muscle – traditional site for IM injection; can’t be used at age of 5 y/o and below. d. e. f. g.

- Syringe Hypodermic – 1ml, 2ml, 3ml Tuberculin – 1ml or 1cc Glass syringe – ancient syringe Insulin syringe – intended for insulin injection only

JUN CARY V. SUITOS, SN Arellano University – 0900252

Parts of Syringe

College of Nursing – Batch 2011 IX. Types of Medication Errors: 1. Administration of unordered / not prescribed drug; 2. Over dosage; 3. Omission of ordered drug; 4. Wrong dose; 5. Wrong charting / documentation; 6. Wrong form and time of administration X. Common cause of medication error: 1. Error in transcription of medical orders 2. wrong patient 3. misinterpretation of medical card 4. not reading the drug label 5. failure to use the medication card 6. miscalculation and mismeasurement 7. solution and administration of wrong medication 8. misunderstanding a verbal medical orders 9. incomplete or confusing medication order 10. misreading the dosage.

a. b. c. d. e. f. g. XII.

k. Medication card Coding q8h – orange (8am – 4pm –12am –8am) q6h – blue (6am – 12nn; 6pm – 12am) q4h – green (8am –12nn; 4pm – 8pm) q12h – red (8am – 8pm) tid – pink (8am –1pm – 6pm) bid – yellow (8am ; 6pm) OD – white (8am or 9am)

Conversion a. Apothecary 1 oz 1 dram Scruple b. Household 1 measuring cap 1 medical glass 1 coffee cup 1 oz 1 tbsp. 1 tsp. I gtt

480 grains (gr) 8 drams (dr) 60 gr 20 gr 20 g 8 oz 8 oz 6 oz 2 tbsp. 3 tsp. 60 gtts 1 minim

1 quart 1 pint 1 fl. oz 1 fl. dr I minim

2 pint 16 fluid oz 8 fl. dr 6 minims 1 gtt 240 ml 240 ml 180 ml 30 ml 15 ml 4 – 5 ml

JUN CARY V. SUITOS, SN Arellano University – 0900252

College of Nursing – Batch 2011 c. Metric 60 mg 1g 4g 30 mg; 30 ml 15 ml 1 ml 1000 ml 240 ml 1000 g XIII.

1 gr 15 gr 1 dr 1 oz ; 2 tbsp. 1 tbsp 18 gtts 1000 cc 1 measuring cup 2.2 lbs

1 ml

1 cc

1L

1 quart

1 kg

Computation a. Pediatric formula: 1. Fried’s rubi (0 –12 months) Infant dose = age in months / 150 x adult dose 2. Youngs rule (1 y/o – 12 y/o) Infant dose = age in years + 2 x adult dose 3. Clark’s rule (child weight) Infant dose = wt in lbs. / 150 lbs x adult dose b. Intravenous flow rate formula: Gtts/min = total vol. of fluid to be infused x drop factor / hours of administration e.g: order = 1 L of D5w in 8 hours sol.: 1000ml x 15 gtts = 15000 = 31gtts/mins 8 hrs. (60mins) 480mins

XIV. A&P A&W a.c.,ac AB Ab ABC abd ACE ACL ACS ACTH ad lib ADD ADH

Nursing Abbreviations: : ausculationa and percussion : alive and well : before meals : abortion : anitbody : aspiration, biopsy, cytology : abdomen : angiotensing coronary syndromes : anterior cruciate ligament : acute coronary syndroms : adrenocorticotropic hormone : freely as desired : attention deficit disorder : antidiuretic hormone

JUN CARY V. SUITOS, SN Arellano University – 0900252

College of Nursing – Batch 2011 ADHD : attention deficit disorder AIDS : acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Alb : albumin alk phos : alkaline phosphatase ALL : acute lymphocytic leukemia ALS : amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALT: alanine transaminase AML : acute myelocytic leukemia AP or A/P : anteroposterior Aq : water ASD : atrial septal defect ASHD : arteriosclerotic heart disease AST : aspartate transaminase AV : arteriovenous;atrioventricular B cells : white blood cells b.i.d., bid : twice a day BaE : barium enema BM : bowel movement, bone marrow BMT : bone marrow transplant BP,B/P : blood pressure BPH : benign prostatic hypertrophy Bronch : bronchoscopy Bs : blood sugar; bowel sounds; breath sounds BSE : breast self examination BSO : bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy BUN : blood urea nitrogen BW : birth weight Bx, bx : biopsy C&S, C+S : culture adn sensitivity C-section, CS : cesarean section c/o : complains of c/w : consistent with C1,C2 : first, second cervical verebra Ca : calcium CABG : coronary artery bypass graft CAD : coronary artery disease Cap : capsule CAPD : continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis cath : catheter, catheterization CBC : complete blood count CC : chief complaint CCU : coronary care unit; critical care unit CF : cystic fibrosis Chemo : chemotherapy CHF : congestive heart failure Chol : cholesterol CIN : cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CIS : carcinoma CKD : chronic kidney diseaase

JUN CARY V. SUITOS, SN Arellano University – 0900252

College of Nursing – Batch 2011 cm : centimeter CML : chronic myelocytic leukemia CNS : central nervous system CO2 : carbon dioxide COPD : chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CP : cerebral palsy, chest pain CPD : cephalopelvic desproportion CPR : cardiopulmonary resuscitation CSF : cerebrospinal fluid CT : computed tomography CT (CAT) scan: computed axial tomography CVA : cerebrovascualr accident (stroke) CXR, CX : chest x-ray cysto : cystoscopy D&C : dilation and curettage DES : diethylstilbestrol DIC : disseminated intravascular coagulation diff : differential DKA : diabetic ketoacidosis DM : diabetes mellitus DNA : deoxyribonucleic acid DOB : date of birth DOE : dyspne on exdrtion DRE : digital rectal exam DT : delirium tremens DTR : deep tendon reflex DVT : deep vein thrombosis Dx : diangosis EBV : Epstein-barr virus ECC : emergency cardiac care ECG : electrocardiogram Echo : echoardiogram ECMO : extrcoporeal membrane oxygenator ECT : electroconvulsive therapy ED : emergency department EDC : estimated date of confinement EEG : electroencephalogram EENT : eyes ears nose and throat EGD : esophagogastroduodenoscopy ELISA : enzyme linke immunosorbet assay EMG : electromyogram ENT : ear nose throat Eos : eosinophil ER : emergency room, estrogen receptor ERCP : endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ESR : erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESRD : end stage renal disease ESWL : extracoporeal shockwave lithotripsy ETOH : ethyl alcohol

JUN CARY V. SUITOS, SN Arellano University – 0900252

College of Nursing – Batch 2011 ETT : exercise tolerance test, endotracheal tube F/U, f/u : follow up FBS : fasting blood sugar FDA : food and drug administration Fe : iron FEV : forced expiratory volume FH : family history FHR : fetal heart rate FSH : follicle-stimulation hormone FUO : fever of unknown origin Fx : fracture g (gm) : gram Ga : gallium GB : gallbladder GC : gonococcus Gd : gadolinium GERD : gastroesophageal reflux disease Grav. 1,2,3 : first second third pregnancy gt, gtt : drop, drops GTT : glucose tolerance test GU : genitourinary GVHD : graft versus host disease Gyn : gynecology H : hydrogen H&P : history and physical h, hr : hour h/o : history of HBV : hepatitis B virus HCG, hCG : human chorionic gonadotopin Hct : hematocrit HCV : hepatitis C virus HD : hemodialysis HDL : high density lipoproteins HEENT : head ears eyes nose and throat Hg : mercury Hgb : hemoglobin HIPAA: health insurance portability and accountability HIV : human immunodeficieency virus HPV : human papilloma virus HRT : hormone replacement therap HSV-1,,2 : herpes simplex virus type 1,2 HSY : hysterosalpinggography HTN : hypertension Hx : history I : iodine I&D : incision and drainage I&O : intake and outake IBD : inflammatory bowel disease IBS : irritable bowel syndrom

JUN CARY V. SUITOS, SN Arellano University – 0900252

College of Nursing – Batch 2011 IM : intramuscular; infectious mononucleosis INH : isoniazid intensive care unit: ICU IOL : intraocular lens IUD : intrauterine device IV : intravenous IVP : intravenous pyelogram K : potassium kg : kilogram KS : Kaposi sarcoma KUB : kidneys, ureters, bladder L&W : living and well L, l : left, liter, lower L1, L2 : first, second lumbar vertebra LA : left atrium lat : lateral LBP : low back pain, low blood pressure LDH : lactate dehdrogenase LDL : low-density lipoproteins LE : lupus erythematosus LEEP : loop electrocautery excision procedure LES : lower esophageal sphincter LFT : liver function test LLQ : lower left quadrant LMP : last menstrual period LP : lumbar puncture LPN : licensed practical nurse LTB : laryngotracheal bronchitis LUQ : left upper quadrant LV : left venticle LVAD : left ventricle assist device lymphs : lymphocytes lytes : electolytes m : meter, milli MAC : monitored anesthesia care MCH : mean corpuscular hemoglovin MCHC : mean corpuscular hemoglobing concentration MCV : mean corpuscular volume MD, M.D. : medical doctor, muscular dystorphy mets : metastases mg : milligram Mg : Magnesium MH : marital history; mental health MI : myocardial infarction ml : milliliter mm : millimeter mm HG : milimiter of mercury, bp mono : moncytes MRA : magnetic resonance angiograpy

JUN CARY V. SUITOS, SN Arellano University – 0900252

College of Nursing – Batch 2011 MRI : magnetic resonance imaging MS : mitral stenosis, multiple sclerosis, mental status MSW : medical social worker MVP : mitarl valve prolapse myop : myopia N : nitrogen N+V : nausea and vomiting Na : sodium NB : newborn NED : no evidence of disease NG tube : nasogastic tube NICU : neonatal intensive care unit NKA : no known allergies NPO : nothing by mouth NSAID : nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug NSR : normal sinus rhythm NTP : normal temperature and pressure O2 : oxygen OA : osteoarthritis OB : obstetrics OD, O.D. : right eye, eye doctor OR : operating room ORIF : open reduction, internal fixation ORTH, ortho.: orthodpeics or orthopaedics os : mouth OS : left eye OSA : obstructive sleep apnea OU : each eye OV : office visit P : plan, posterior, pulse, phosphours, pupil, pressure p.c.,pc : after meals p.o., po : by mouth p.r.n., prn : as needed p/o : postoperative PA: posteroanterior, pulmonary artery PAC : premature atrial contraction PaCO2 : arterial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood PACS : picture achival communications system palp : palpale PaO2 : arterial pressure of oxygen in the blood Pap smear : Papanicolaou smear para : paracentesis Para 1,2,3 : woman having produced one, two, three viable offspring PCI : percutaneous cornary interventions PE : physical examination; pulmonary embolus PE tube : pressure-equalizing tube PEEP : positive end-expiratory pressure per : by PERRLA : pupils equal, round and reactive to light and accommodation

JUN CARY V. SUITOS, SN Arellano University – 0900252

College of Nursing – Batch 2011 PET : positive emmision tomography PFT : pulmonary function test PH : past history PI : present illness PID : pelvic inflammatory disease PKU : phenyketonuria PM : afternoon, postmortem PMH : past medical history PND : paroxysmal nocturnal dyspne; postnasal drip polys : polymorphonuclear leukocytes poplit : popliteal post-op : after operation PP : after meals; after birth PPD : purified protein derivative pre-op : before operation prep : prepare for pro time : prothromibin time procto : proctoscopy PSA : prostate specific antigen pt : patient PT : physical therapy;prothrombin time PTA : prior to admission PTCA : percuatneous transluminal coronary angioplasty PTH : parathyroid hormone PTR : patient to return PTT : partial thromboplastin time PVC : permature ventricular contraction PVD : peripheal vasular disease PVT : paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia PWB : partial weight bearing q : every q.h., qh : every hour q.i.d., qid : four times a day q.n.s.,qns : quantity not sufficient q.s.,qs : quantity sufficient q2h : every two hours qt : quart R,r : right, respiration R/O, r/o : rule out RA : rtheumatoid arthritis right atrium rad : radiation absorbed dose RBC, rbc : red blood cell RIA : radioimmunoassary RLQ : right lower quadrant ROM : range of motion ROS : review of system RP : retrograde pyelogram RR : recovery room; respiration rate RRR : regular rate and rythm

JUN CARY V. SUITOS, SN Arellano University – 0900252

College of Nursing – Batch 2011 RT : radiation therapy, recreational therapy, radiologic technologist RUQ : right upper quadrant RV : right ventricle Rx : treatment S-A node : sinoatrial node s.gl. : without glasses S/P, s/p : status post S1,S2 : first, second sacral vertebra SARS : severe acute respiratory syndrome SBFT : small bowel follow through sed. rate : erthrocyte sedimentation rate segs : segmented white blood cells SERM : selective estrogen receptor modulator SH : social history;serum hepatis SIDS : sudden infant death syndrome Sig : let it be labeled SIRS : systemic lupus erythematosus SMA : sequential multiple analyzer SOAP : subjective data, ovjective data, assessment, plan SOB : shortness of breath sp.gr. : specific gravity SPECT : single photon emission computed tomography SSRI : selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor staph : staphyloccci STAT, stat : immediately STI : sexually transitted infection strep : streptococci Sx : symptoms;signs Sz : seizure T : temperature, time T cells : lymphocytes originating in the thymus gland T&A : tonsillectomy and adenoidecotomy t.i.d.,tid : three times a day T1, T2 : first, second thoracic vertebra T3 : triiodothyronine T4 : thyroxine tab : tablet TAB : thearaputic abortion TAH-BSO : total abdominal hysteretomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy TB : tuberculosis TEE : transesophageal echocardiogram TENS : transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator THR : total hip replacement TIA : tranient ischemic attack TLC : total lung capacity TM : tympanice membrane TNM : tumor ,nodes, metastasis Tomos: tomograms TPN : total parenteral nutrition

JUN CARY V. SUITOS, SN Arellano University – 0900252

College of Nursing – Batch 2011 TRUS : transrectal ultrasound TSH : thyroid-stimulation hormone TUIP : transurethral incision of the prostate gland TUR, TURP : transurethral resection of the prostate gland TVH : total vaginal hysterectomy Tx : treatment U/O : urine output UA, U/A : urinalysis UE : upper extremity UGI : upper gastointestinal umb : navel ung : ointment URI : upper respiratory infection US, u/s : ultrasound UTI : urinary tract infection UV : ultraviolet V tach, VT : ventricular tachycardia VA : visual acuity VC : vital capacity of lungs VCUG : voiding cystourethorgram VF : visual field, ventricular fibrilalltion VS, V/S : vital signs VSD : ventrivular septal defect VSS : vital signs stable W/C : wheel chair w/u : work up wd : wound WDWN : well developed, well nourished WNL : within normal limits WT, wt : weight XRT : radiotion thearpy y/o, yr : years old

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