Retina 2

Central retinal vein occlusion

The vessels are tortuous and dilated. Intraretinal hemorrhages are all over the fundus.

1) Branch vein occlusion

Occlusion of the infero-temporal vein. The hemorrhage is located in the inner retinal layers and follows the nerve fibers along their course.

3) Diabetic retinopathy, proliferative

Massive neovascularization along the retinal surface (this indicates .(that the vitreous is not detached

(Macular hole (stage 4

At this stage one sees very well the foveal hole with the granular appearance of the RPE and the surrounding narrow ring of retinal .detachment. but no overlying membranous opacity

idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy, angiogram

The angiogram confirms the RPE defect

Lipemia retinalis

year old diabetic with hypertriglyceridemia. The vessels 16 .look creamy and the fundus has a much lighter coloration

Myopia

A temporal conus and decreased pigmentation of the posterior pole are typical for myopia. Choroidal vessels .become well visible

Leukemia, Roth's spots

.Leukemic infiltrates are surrounded by hemorrhage

Retinoblastoma

Spontaneously regressed large tumor in 23 year old mother of previous child

Central retinal artery occlusion with preserved cilioretinal artery

Whitening of the retina and cherry-red spot. Only the papillo-macular bundle looks normal. Vision is 0.01.

Central retinal artery occlusion with preserved cilioretinal artery. Angiogram.

While all other vessels are not perfused the cilio-retinal artery with its veins is open

1) Branch artery occlusion

Closure of the temporal inferior artery at its bifurcation results in edema of the retina (whitening). The embolus is visible.

1) Hypertensive Retinopathy with Pre-and Intraretinal Hemorrhage

Centrally there is a well-defined accumulation of blood under detached internal limiting lamina. A second ring of blood has less well-defined borders and represents preretinal blood where the vitreous is detached from the retina.

Arteriosclerosis of Retinal Vessels

Ensheathed arterial vessels are seen near the disc. Other signs of hypertension are small intraretinal hemorrhages, some exudates, slight edema of the inferior disc margin, and congested veins.

1) Chorioretinal folds

M.3.A&k.A

Parallel lines, deep to the retina but also involving the retina are caused by folds of the choroid

2) Ocular albinism

M.3.A&k.A

In the periphery of the fundus the ampullae of the choroidal vessels are well visible

1) Ocular albinism

M.3.A&k.A

Except for the macula pigmentation of the RPE is missing and the choroidal vessels are visible

1) Malignant melanoma

M.3.A&k.A

When the tumor breaks through Bruch's membrane a smaller mass bulges forward and the tumor takes on a so called collar-button shape.

M.3.A&k.A

M.3.A&k.A

M.3.A&k.A

M.3.A&k.A

Vitreous Condensation and Detachment

Very intense gelatinous condensation and detachment of the vitreous after chorioretinal .inflammation

Persistant hyaloid artery

An avascular strand is seen in the vitreous that extends to the back surface of the lens. This is a minor presentation of persistant .(hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV

Persistant hyaloid artery and Mittendorf spot

The strand inserts into the posterior lens capsule and creates a small .opacity

Asteroid hyalosis

Highly reflective white small globules are seen with the slitlamp

Synchysis scintillans

Innumerous golden crystals (cholesterol) are thrown up with eye movements and settle below again