Respiratory System Respiratory System
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Li yueying
Department of anatomy dical school of xi’an jiaotong unniver
ⅠGeneral Description * Constituents: ⅰ Respiratory tract: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, and its branches ⅱ Lung Pleura Mediastinum * Function: exchange O2 and CO2 mainly
Nose: Nasal cavity— nasal vestibule proper nasal cavity nasal septum
Paranasal Sinuses— frontal sinus maxillary sinus sphenoidal sinus ethmoidal sinus
Pharynx(in digestive sys.)
Ⅱ Larynx * Position: It is located at anterior part of neck, in front of 4~6 cervical vertebrae * Framework: It is formed by laryngeal cartilages and their articulations 1. Cartilages: Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Epiglottic cartilage Arytenoid cartilage (paired)
Thyroid cartilage sup. thyroid notch
sup. cornu
Laryngeal prominence Anterior angle lamina inf. cornu
Anterior view
posterior view
Arytenoid cartilage
Muscular process Vocal process Cricoid lamina Cricoid cartilage Cricoid arch
Anterior view
posterior view
2. Articulation: Cricothyroid joint: rotate around the coronary axis Cricoarytenoid joint: rotate around the vertical axis Conus elasticus: free and thicked upper border formed the vocal ligament Quadrangular membrane: the free lower border formed vestibular ligament Thyrohyoid membrane
Thyrohyoid membrane
Quadrangular membrane Con elas us ticu s
Lateral view
Lateral view
* Laryngeal cavity Laryngeal inlet Vestibular fold Vocal fold Ventricle of larynx 3 parts: Laryngeal vestibule Intermediate cavity of larynx Infraglottic cavity by 2 fissures— Vestibular fissure Fissure of glottis
* Laryngeal muscles 1. Posterior cricoarytenoid: It can open the glottis 2. Transverse arytenoid, Oblique arytenoid and Lateral cricoarytenoid: They can close the glottis 3. Cricothyroid and Posterior cricoarytenoid: They can lengthen and tense the vocal fold 4. Thyroarytenoid: It can relax and shorten the vocal fold
Ⅲ The trachea and main bronchus
Ⅳ Lung * Position: located in the thoracic cavity, both sides of mediastinum, above the diaphragm
* Features: apex base surfaces— mediastinal and costal surfaces borders– anterior, inferior, and posterior borders
* Fissures: oblique and horizontal fissures * Lobes of lung: left– 2 lobes (oblique fissure) superior inferior right– 3 lobes (oblique and horizontal fissures): superior middle, inferior
* Hilum of lung (medial view of the lung)
The hilum of lung It is the center part of mediastinal surface, the arrangement of main structures as follow: from up downward---left– pulmonary a., main bronchus, and pulmonary v. right– bronchus of sup. lobe, pulmonary a., bronchus and pulmonary v. from front backward---pulmonary v., pulmonary a., and main bronchus(both side)
* The Segments of the lung
The Pleura The definition The Parts: Visceral pleura Parietal pleura The divisions of parietal pleura---Cupula Costal pleura Mediastinal pleura Diaphragmatic pleura The plural cavity and plural recess
The pleura
ⅤMediastinum
Left view
right view
The formation of the nasal septum
The lon plate of gitudinal ethmoi d bon e The cartilage of nasal septum The vomer
The openings of the paranasal sinuses
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Li yueying
Department of anatomy dical school of xi’an jiaotong unniver
ⅠGeneral Description * Constituents: ⅰ Respiratory tract: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, and its branches ⅱ Lung Pleura Mediastinum * Function: exchange O2 and CO2 mainly
Nose: Nasal cavity— nasal vestibule proper nasal cavity nasal septum
Paranasal Sinuses— frontal sinus maxillary sinus sphenoidal sinus ethmoidal sinus
Pharynx(in digestive sys.)
Ⅱ Larynx * Position: It is located at anterior part of neck, in front of 4~6 cervical vertebrae * Framework: It is formed by laryngeal cartilages and their articulations 1. Cartilages: Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Epiglottic cartilage Arytenoid cartilage (paired)
Thyroid cartilage sup. thyroid notch
sup. cornu
Laryngeal prominence Anterior angle lamina inf. cornu
Anterior view
posterior view
Arytenoid cartilage
Muscular process Vocal process Cricoid lamina Cricoid cartilage Cricoid arch
Anterior view
posterior view
2. Articulation: Cricothyroid joint: rotate around the coronary axis Cricoarytenoid joint: rotate around the vertical axis Conus elasticus: free and thicked upper border formed the vocal ligament Quadrangular membrane: the free lower border formed vestibular ligament Thyrohyoid membrane
Thyrohyoid membrane
Quadrangular membrane Con elas us ticu s
Lateral view
Lateral view
* Laryngeal cavity Laryngeal inlet Vestibular fold Vocal fold Ventricle of larynx 3 parts: Laryngeal vestibule Intermediate cavity of larynx Infraglottic cavity by 2 fissures— Vestibular fissure Fissure of glottis
* Laryngeal muscles 1. Posterior cricoarytenoid: It can open the glottis 2. Transverse arytenoid, Oblique arytenoid and Lateral cricoarytenoid: They can close the glottis 3. Cricothyroid and Posterior cricoarytenoid: They can lengthen and tense the vocal fold 4. Thyroarytenoid: It can relax and shorten the vocal fold
Ⅲ The trachea and main bronchus
Ⅳ Lung * Position: located in the thoracic cavity, both sides of mediastinum, above the diaphragm
* Features: apex base surfaces— mediastinal and costal surfaces borders– anterior, inferior, and posterior borders
* Fissures: oblique and horizontal fissures * Lobes of lung: left– 2 lobes (oblique fissure) superior inferior right– 3 lobes (oblique and horizontal fissures): superior middle, inferior
* Hilum of lung (medial view of the lung)
The hilum of lung It is the center part of mediastinal surface, the arrangement of main structures as follow: from up downward---left– pulmonary a., main bronchus, and pulmonary v. right– bronchus of sup. lobe, pulmonary a., bronchus and pulmonary v. from front backward---pulmonary v., pulmonary a., and main bronchus(both side)
* The Segments of the lung
The Pleura The definition The Parts: Visceral pleura Parietal pleura The divisions of parietal pleura---Cupula Costal pleura Mediastinal pleura Diaphragmatic pleura The plural cavity and plural recess
The pleura
ⅤMediastinum
Left view
right view
The formation of the nasal septum
The lon plate of gitudinal ethmoi d bon e The cartilage of nasal septum The vomer
The openings of the paranasal sinuses
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