Respiration Notes

AIR GASES Nitrogen = 78% Oxygen = 21% Carbon dioxide = 0.03% Inert gases = 0.97%

SPECIAL CHARACTERISTIC OF ALVEOLUS

Surrounded by blood capillaries Has a thin wall Has a thin layer of moist surface Has a large surface area

energy

O²

CO²

glucose

Water vapour Human cell Oxygen+glucose

energy+ Carbon dioxide+water vapour

NON-GASES Exhalation = process of expelling air out Inhalation = process of drawing in air Dust of the lungs into the lungs Microorganism Water vapour CONTENT OF CIGGARETTE SMOKE: PATHWAY FOR RESPIRATION 1. Nicotine = cause addiction Nostril Nasal cavity Trachea Bronchus Bronchiole Alveolus 2. Tar = blacken our lungs 3. Dust = Prevent absorption of During inhalation: oxygen 1. a) external intercostals muscle contract b)internal intercostals muscle relaxes IN THE EXPERIMENT: 2. rib cage move outwards/upwards 1. temperature increase 3. diaphragm flattens/contract/move down 2. the cotton wool turn brownish 4. volume of thoracic cavity increase 3. the : (thoracic cavity become bigger) • universal indicator 5. air pressure inside the lungs is lowered = turn to yellow 6. air is forced into the lungs (air pressure outside higher than in the body) • lime water = turn chalky/cloudy During exhalation: 7. a) external intercostals muscle relaxes b)internal intercostals muscle contract 8. rib cage move inwards/downwards 9. diaphragm relaxes/dome-shape/curves upward 10. volume of thoracic cavity decreases (thoracic cavity become smaller) 11. air pressure inside the lungs is increased 12. air is forced out of the lungs (air pressure outside lower than in the body)

NAFI ‘O9