Respiration
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GUESS WHAT?
_X__EN
OXYGEN
B___TH___
BREATHING
WHAT PICTURE HIDDEN HERE?
RESPIRATION The Regulatory Mechanism in Respiration
Recall back…. What are structure A and B? B A
O2 CO2
What is “Partial Pressure”?
The difference between the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air of the alveoli and in the blood capillaries Gas
Partial Pressure Air in the alveoli
Blood capillaries
Oxygen …………. Carbon dioxide
………….
Effects
………….
Oxygen diffuse from the …… into the ……
………….
Carbon dioxide diffuse from the …… into the ……
Answer ….. Gas
Partial Pressure Air in the alveoli
Effects
Blood capillaries
Oxygen High Carbon dioxide
Low
Low
Oxygen diffuse from the alveoli into the blood capillaries
High
Carbon dioxide diffuse from the blood capillaries into the alveoli
Transport of oxygen from lung to body cell 1. Oxygen in the blood that leaves the a……. is transported to body cells for cellular r……….. 2. Oxygen is then combines with a pigment called h……….. which is contained in the red blood cells. 3. Oxygen is carried in the form of o……….. to all parts of the body.
Answer…… 1. Oxygen in the blood that leaves the alveolus is transported to body cells for cellular respiration. 2. Oxygen is then combines with a pigment called haemoglobin which is contained in the red blood cells. 3. Oxygen is carried in the form of oxyhaemoglobin to all parts of the body.
Transport of carbon dioxide from body cells to lungs •
Carbon dioxide released by body cells can be transported in three ways:
1. As d…………. carbon dioxide in the blood plasma. 2. Combines with haemoglobin as c………………….. 3. Transported in the blood in the form of b…………….. i…
Answer……. 1. As dissolve carbon dioxide in the blood plasma. 2. Combines with haemoglobin as carbaminohaemoglobin. 3. Transported in the blood in the form of bicarbonate ions.
New Topic…… The Regulation Mechanism in Respiration • The relationship between the rate of respiration and oxygen and carbon dioxide contents
During vigorous exercise
Rate of respiration Breathing rate Heartbeat rate Ventilation rate
Explain the change of each rate and the contents of oxygen and carbon dioxide in human body.
During vigorous exercise
Rate of respiration Oxygen content decrease, carbon dioxide content increase. Cell need more oxygen and glucose for cellular respiration. Rate of respiration increase.
Breathing rate Oxygen content increase, carbon dioxide content decrease. Inflate lung with more oxygen with each breath. Breathing rate increase.
Heartbeat rate Oxygen content increase, carbon dioxide content decrease. To pump more blood into circulation. Heartbeat rate increase.
Ventilation rate Oxygen content increase, carbon dioxide content decrease. Gaseous exchange between alveoli and blood capillary increase. Ventilation rate increase.
• The human respiratory response and rate of respiration in different situation.
Situation
Respiratory response
1. Resting
-respiration rate -breathing rate -heartbeat rate -ventilation rate
2. Vigorous activity 3. In fear 4. Climbing a mountain
During resting • respiration rate normal • breathing rate in normal range, 16 to 18 breath per minute • heartbeat rate between 60 to 70 beats per minute • ventilation rate
During vigorous activity • • • • •
respiration rate increase breathing rate increase, 30 breaths per minute heartbeat rate increase, 120 beats per minute ventilation rate increase Enable the blood to deliver more oxygen and glucose to the cells, carbon dioxide remove from the cell at faster rate
When people in fear • Adrenal glands secrete the hormone adrenaline • So breathing rate increase • heartbeat rate increase, more glucose and oxygen are supplied to the muscles • respiration rate increase to produce more energy for the person cope during moment of distress
When climbing a mountain • As altitude increase , atmospheric pressure decrease. • Partial pressure of oxygen decrease, this cause a drop in oxygen level in the blood • Breathing become difficult, person experience headaches, nausea and dizziness -after a few days, body will become acclimatize to the condition
• The regulatory mechanism of carbon dioxide contents in the body Respiratory centre located in Medula Oblongata
Central chemoreceptor is a specific cell which found in the respiratory centre
Complete the regulatory. 1. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide ………………. 2. Higher carbon dioxide concentration level in blood result in ……………. 3. Central chemoreceptor detect the ……….. 4. Respiratory centre send nerve impulse to …………. 5. The respiratory muscle ………… 6. Breathing and ventilation rate …….. 7. Excess carbon dioxide ………..
• The regulatory mechanism of oxygen contents in the body Peripheral chemoreceptor are consist of carotid body and aortic body. They are located at wall of aorta arch and carotid arteries in the neck.
Complete the regulatory 1. At very high altitude, concentration of oxygen …………. 2. Peripheral chemoreceptor …………… 3. Respiratory centre send nerve impulse to ……………. 4. Breathing and ventilation rate …………. 5. More oxygen inhaled and oxygen concentration ………………..
_X__EN
OXYGEN
B___TH___
BREATHING
WHAT PICTURE HIDDEN HERE?
RESPIRATION The Regulatory Mechanism in Respiration
Recall back…. What are structure A and B? B A
O2 CO2
What is “Partial Pressure”?
The difference between the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air of the alveoli and in the blood capillaries Gas
Partial Pressure Air in the alveoli
Blood capillaries
Oxygen …………. Carbon dioxide
………….
Effects
………….
Oxygen diffuse from the …… into the ……
………….
Carbon dioxide diffuse from the …… into the ……
Answer ….. Gas
Partial Pressure Air in the alveoli
Effects
Blood capillaries
Oxygen High Carbon dioxide
Low
Low
Oxygen diffuse from the alveoli into the blood capillaries
High
Carbon dioxide diffuse from the blood capillaries into the alveoli
Transport of oxygen from lung to body cell 1. Oxygen in the blood that leaves the a……. is transported to body cells for cellular r……….. 2. Oxygen is then combines with a pigment called h……….. which is contained in the red blood cells. 3. Oxygen is carried in the form of o……….. to all parts of the body.
Answer…… 1. Oxygen in the blood that leaves the alveolus is transported to body cells for cellular respiration. 2. Oxygen is then combines with a pigment called haemoglobin which is contained in the red blood cells. 3. Oxygen is carried in the form of oxyhaemoglobin to all parts of the body.
Transport of carbon dioxide from body cells to lungs •
Carbon dioxide released by body cells can be transported in three ways:
1. As d…………. carbon dioxide in the blood plasma. 2. Combines with haemoglobin as c………………….. 3. Transported in the blood in the form of b…………….. i…
Answer……. 1. As dissolve carbon dioxide in the blood plasma. 2. Combines with haemoglobin as carbaminohaemoglobin. 3. Transported in the blood in the form of bicarbonate ions.
New Topic…… The Regulation Mechanism in Respiration • The relationship between the rate of respiration and oxygen and carbon dioxide contents
During vigorous exercise
Rate of respiration Breathing rate Heartbeat rate Ventilation rate
Explain the change of each rate and the contents of oxygen and carbon dioxide in human body.
During vigorous exercise
Rate of respiration Oxygen content decrease, carbon dioxide content increase. Cell need more oxygen and glucose for cellular respiration. Rate of respiration increase.
Breathing rate Oxygen content increase, carbon dioxide content decrease. Inflate lung with more oxygen with each breath. Breathing rate increase.
Heartbeat rate Oxygen content increase, carbon dioxide content decrease. To pump more blood into circulation. Heartbeat rate increase.
Ventilation rate Oxygen content increase, carbon dioxide content decrease. Gaseous exchange between alveoli and blood capillary increase. Ventilation rate increase.
• The human respiratory response and rate of respiration in different situation.
Situation
Respiratory response
1. Resting
-respiration rate -breathing rate -heartbeat rate -ventilation rate
2. Vigorous activity 3. In fear 4. Climbing a mountain
During resting • respiration rate normal • breathing rate in normal range, 16 to 18 breath per minute • heartbeat rate between 60 to 70 beats per minute • ventilation rate
During vigorous activity • • • • •
respiration rate increase breathing rate increase, 30 breaths per minute heartbeat rate increase, 120 beats per minute ventilation rate increase Enable the blood to deliver more oxygen and glucose to the cells, carbon dioxide remove from the cell at faster rate
When people in fear • Adrenal glands secrete the hormone adrenaline • So breathing rate increase • heartbeat rate increase, more glucose and oxygen are supplied to the muscles • respiration rate increase to produce more energy for the person cope during moment of distress
When climbing a mountain • As altitude increase , atmospheric pressure decrease. • Partial pressure of oxygen decrease, this cause a drop in oxygen level in the blood • Breathing become difficult, person experience headaches, nausea and dizziness -after a few days, body will become acclimatize to the condition
• The regulatory mechanism of carbon dioxide contents in the body Respiratory centre located in Medula Oblongata
Central chemoreceptor is a specific cell which found in the respiratory centre
Complete the regulatory. 1. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide ………………. 2. Higher carbon dioxide concentration level in blood result in ……………. 3. Central chemoreceptor detect the ……….. 4. Respiratory centre send nerve impulse to …………. 5. The respiratory muscle ………… 6. Breathing and ventilation rate …….. 7. Excess carbon dioxide ………..
• The regulatory mechanism of oxygen contents in the body Peripheral chemoreceptor are consist of carotid body and aortic body. They are located at wall of aorta arch and carotid arteries in the neck.
Complete the regulatory 1. At very high altitude, concentration of oxygen …………. 2. Peripheral chemoreceptor …………… 3. Respiratory centre send nerve impulse to ……………. 4. Breathing and ventilation rate …………. 5. More oxygen inhaled and oxygen concentration ………………..
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