Research In Phil. Lit.pptx

THE IMPACT OF UTILIZING PSYCHOANALYTIC AND SOCIO – CULTURAL APPROACH INTO TEACHING NICK JOAQUIN’S WORK: BASIS FOR PROPOSED LEARNING PLAN Grace O. Dial Diana Christine S. Limbo Paolla Mae Rubio

BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM

Although names such as Shakespeare, Bronte, and Dickens might cross someone’s mind when literature is mentioned, the Philippines can have its share of literary figures that it can be proud of, one of which is Nick Joaquin; a Filipino novelist, poet, playwright, essayist, and biographer whose works present the diverse heritage of the Filipino people. His works are found in most literature books and he is indeed a Filipino pride in the literary word. One cannot study Philippine literature and not read his work.

Nick Joaquin is an active writer, who authored various genres, such as short stories, novels, children’s stories, poems, plays, biography, and essays, from the young age of seventeen during the pre-war up until late 1990s. His reading audience reaches generations and varies among the educated elite and the popular viewing public of classic movies like Kisapmata (1981 film, directed by Mike de Leon and based on his reportage, “The House on Zapote Street”) and Tatarin (2001 film, directed by Tikoy Aguiluz and based on his short story “The Summer Solstice”) (Devilles and Martin, 2018).

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

It seeks to answer the following questions:

•What are the differences between the psychoanalytic and cultural approach in discussing the works of Nick Joaquin? •What are the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches? •What is the impact of utilizing psychoanalytic and socio-cultural approach in teaching works of Nick Joaquin?

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Psychoanalytic Theory

Psychoanalytic approach is a theory propounded by the Austrian physician Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and continued by many others. It is primarily focused to the study of human psychological functioning and behavior. It focuses on the inner workings of the mind of the characters that contribute to his behavior in the literary text.

Socio-Cultural Theory

The Socio-Cultural Theory is a developing theory in psychology that looks at the important contributions that society makes to individual development. This theory emphasizes the interaction between developing people and the culture in which they live.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Input • Utilizing Psychoanalysis and Socio-Cultural approaches in teaching Nick Joaquin’s work

Process • Pre-test is conducted before utilizing each approaches • Conducting the lesson using the learning plan devised for the students • Post test is conducted to see if there is a manifested learning after the lessons.

Output • Students' better understanding of Nick Joaquin's works with the use of the devised learning plan and the literary approaches mentioned. • The professors have further knowledge on what better approach to use in analyzing works of Nick Joaquin.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

RELATED LITERATURE

Freud has influenced literature immensely. Concepts like psycho – somatic growth of human beings have given a very important and effective tool of analysis to authors as well as critics to dig deep into the hidden aspects of an individual’s personalities and their thoughts, especially secret thoughts (Sharma, n.d.). Psychoanalytic literary criticism used biographical as well as socio – cultural materials to draw conclusions on the author’s intended meaning.

When considering theories of learning professionals should also consider sociocultural perspectives and the role that culture, interaction, and collaboration have on quality learning. Modern social learning theories stem from the work of Russian psychologist Vygotsky, who produced his ideas between 1924 and 1934 as a reaction to existing conflicting approaches in psychology (Kozulin, 1990). Vygotsky’s ideas are most recognized for identifying the role social interactions and culture play in the development of higher-order thinking skills, and it is especially valuable for the insights it provides about the dynamic “interdependence between individual and social processes in the construction of knowledge” (John-Steiner & Mahn, 1996, p. 192).

RELATED STUDIES

In a recent study by Mahroof Hossain entitled Psychoanalytic theory used in English Literature: A Descriptive Study (2017), he aims to aims to explore where psychoanalysis has been used by the author’s in his/her literary works in English literature. He argues that “psychoanalysis is one of the modern theories that are used in English literature” (Hossain, 2017). According to him, psychological interpretation has become one of the devices to find out the veiled meaning of a literary text. It also helps to discover the “innate conglomerate” of the author’s nature and disposition as factors that donate to his experience from birth to the period of writing a book. The aim of psychoanalysis was to show that behavior which was triggered by the communication between unconscious and unco-nsciousness.

RESEARCH DESIGN

For the sake of credibility and validation of the paper, the researchers used quantitative methodology. Quantitative research can be described as “entailing the collection of numerical data and exhibiting the view of relationship between theory and research as deductive, a predilection for natural science approach, and as having an objectivist conception of social reality” (Bryman, A. & Bell, E. (2015).

To test the research questions established in the Introduction, experimental research was conducted. The rationale for using this research strategy is that it allows for a variety of methods to recruit participants, collect data, and utilize various methods of instrumentation. Experimental research is any research conducted with a scientific approach, where a set of variables are kept constant while the other set of variables are being measured as the subject of experiment.

SAMPLING PROCEDURE

Purposive sampling was applied to

select academic programs within The National Teachers College. Purposive sampling (also known as judgment, selective or subjective sampling) is a sampling technique in which researcher relies on his or her own judgment when choosing members of population to participate in the study.

Two Philippine Literature professors from The National

Teachers College with approximately 40 students each were selected to conduct the research.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The researchers used a pretest – posttest design as an experiment where measurements are taken both before and after a treatment. The design means that the researchers were able to see the effects of some type of treatment on a group.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study “The Impact of Utilizing Psychoanalytic and Socio – cultural Approach into Teaching Nick Joaquin’s Work: Basis for Proposed Learning Plan” is limited only to the following short stories by Nick Joaquin, namely: Summer Solstice, Mayday Eve and The Woman with Two Navels. The scope of the study involves utilizing Psychoanalysis and Socio - Cultural Approaches in teaching literary works by Nick Joaquin. The research will be taking place at The National Teachers College and the respondents will be 2 professors, who teach Philippine Literature with approximately 40 students each. The research will also be administered in one school semester only.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

To interpret the data effectively, the researchers employed t-test as their statistical treatment. The t test is one type of inferential statistics. It is used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the means of two groups.

Where, x1¯x1¯ = Mean of first set of values x2¯x2¯ = Mean of second set of values S1 = Standard deviation of first set of values S2 = Standard deviation of second set of values n1 = Total number of values in first set n2 = Total number of values in second set.

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