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THE WORLD AT OUR DOOR TRAVEL ADVENTURE GEORGE VANDERBILT’S JOURNEYS THROUGH SPAIN 1891 In 1891, George Vanderbilt visited southern Spain, and his itinerary is well documented by receipts and other materials in the Biltmore House Archives. He sailed for London, landing on April 30, and by May 6 was at the Royal Hotel at Gibraltar. He traveled throughout southern Spain, returning to Gibraltar on May 6. May 4 th – 7th May 8 th May 9 th May 10th May 11th May 12th –13 th May 14th

May 15th May 16th –17 th May 20th May 23rd May 24th May 25th May 26th May 27th May 28th May 29th May 30th June 1 st 1

Continental Hotel, Tangier in Morocco. Royal Hotel, Gibraltar.1 Took a steamer to Algeciras and Tafira past Bucete [?] River. Visited Ronda and Gaucin. Visited Malaga and Gorcentez. Checked into Hotel de Rome. Checked into Grand Hotel de Madrid in Seville. Visited Seville, Alcazcar and House of Pilates. Ate at a Spanish café. Visited a cathedral and chapel. “Sr. Du Vanderbilt” hired a carriage from Julio Mandement, “Constructor de Carriages de SS.RR.Los sres Duques de Montpensier.”2. Booked train reservations for his party of six in a sleeping car enroute to Madrid, stopping in Cordoba.3 Checked into Grand Hotel Luisse in Cordoba. Visited Gordenes, Mozgul, and Granada. Visited Granada. Checked into Grand Hotel de Rome at Malaga. Returned to Cordova and made reservation for the train from Seville to Madrid. Arrived in Madrid, checked into Grand Hotel de Roma and hired the services of a cab for the 24 th, 25th, 27th, 29th and 31st of May and June 1st – 3rd.4 Visited Armorory, San Francisco Church, Royal Statues, bibliothèque and gardens. Visited Escorial Palace. Went to the theatre. Visited Toledo. Visited Navalatte Museum of Natural History. Visited Marilloz Gallery. Visited Lexoria, still staying at Grand Hotel de Roma.

Receipt, Royal Hotel, Gibraltar, May, 1891. Receipt, Julio Mandement, May 11, 1891. 3 Reservation No. 125470, Cie International des Wagons-Lits et des Grands Express Europeens, May 23, 1891. 4 Receipt, Joachin Gonzalez, Establecimento de Coches de Alquiler, June 3, 1891. 2

June 2 nd June 3rd June 4 th June 5 th June 6 th

June 7 th –19 th June 20th – 27th July 1 st July 6 th

Visited La Granja and Lejonia. Traveled to Avila and checked into Hotel Ingles for two nights Visited Valladolid and stayed at Fonda del Norte y de Lonrdes. The bill included four rooms, café y heuvos, wine, and the use of an omnibus for sightseeing.5 Visited Burgos. Crossed border into France. Checked into Hotel d’Angleterre at Biarritz for four nights. Dined one night at the Grand Hotel de Londres, in San Sebastian [Donostia]: 4 dejeuners, one half a bottle of wine, one beer and two cafes.6 France Hotel Bristol, Paris Grand Hotel, London Returned to Gibraltar

1894 Mr. Vanderbilt visited Spain again in 1894, and the trip was documented by journal entries made by his niece, Adele Sloane, who was a member of the party: March 23

On board the Kaiser Wilhelm

“The is our seventh day at sea [since sailing from New York harbor]. It is beginning, or rather has already begun to be, very monotonous...We do not expect to arrive at Gibraltar until Tuesday. We have had good weather all the way, only very rough, but fortunately I have been well all the time. The nights are too beautiful. There is a full moon and I stand out on the bow every evening by myself, enjoying it all.”7 March 27

On board the yacht Roxana, at Gibraltar

“We arrived here this morning at seven o’clock and came immediately on board the yacht [Roxana]. She is very big and way beyond our expectations.”8 March 28 “We are still anchored here in the bay. There is a terrible gale blowing outside… I have seen the Rock of Gibraltar pretty thoroughly. Yesterday we drove all around it and walked through the fortification. This afternoon George and I went around together. The town is very picturesque, and today we found the most beautiful gardens to go through, with the most luxurious growth of flowers everywhere. I went wild over a particular vine,

5

Receipts, Hotel Ingles, Avila, and Fonda Del Norte y de Londres [Lourdes?], no date. Receipt, Grand Hotel de Londres, San Sebasatian, no date. 7 Florence Adele Slaone, Maverick in Mauve: The Diary of a Romantic Age, 142. 8 Ibid., 143. 6

purple-red in color and which grew in a profusive mass. Its name is bougainvillea. I have never seen it before. George got some cuttings to take back with him to Biltmore.”9 Sites George Vanderbilt Visited in Spain Alameda de Hercules, Seville Paseos de la Alhambra, Granada Church of San Antonio de la Florida, Madrid The Sala del Trono at the Palacio Real, Madrid La Plaza Mayor, Madrid View of the Monastery Sacristy at the Escorial, Madrid Cathedral, Toledo El Alcazar y la Catedral Vistos Desde la Fuencisla, Segovia Roman Aqueduct, Segovia Church of Saint Martin, Segovia Entrada del Real Sitio, San Ildefonso Fountain of the Three Graces, San Ildefonso La Casa del Cordon, Burgos del Templo, La Cartuja, Burgos Castle, San Sebastian House of Maria la Brava, Salamanca Torre de la Catedral, Salamanca University at Salamanca Turegano Castle at Coca El Solar del Cid, Burgos The Cathedral, Avila Saint Vincent”s Church, Avila House where Christopher Columbus died, Valladolid University at Valladolid El Tajo de Ronda with the Mills at Ronda, Malaga Gardens of Alcazar, Seville Cities George Vanderbilt Visited in Spain Seville Granada Madrid Toledo Segovia Avila

Algeciras Malaga Ronda Valladolid Burgos Coca

Salamanca Irun Medino del Campo San Ildefonso Turegano Burgos

© Biltmore Estate Archives, The Biltmore Company, All Rights Reserved 9

Ibid.