Reproduction Payal G

Go vt . Girls High School Pa ya l Class :10th

Name : Gurjeet Kaur, Aarti, Heena, Isha Sachdeva, Lovepreet Kaur.

REPRODUCTION Reproduction is a process by which new individuals of the same species are produced by existing organisms.

RE PRO DUC TIO N

Asexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction

ASE XUAL REP RODU CTI ON  In asexual reproduction the offspring arises from a single individual parent.It takes place in unicellular organisms ,some plants and certain multicellular animals like sponges and hydro.

TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Asexual Reproduction

Fission Budding Spore Formation Regeneration Vegetative Propagation

Fissi on  It occurs in unicellular organisms such as amoeba , paramecium and other protozoa. In this process, the parent organisms divides into two daughter cells and each one then grows into an adult organisms. Hence, two new organisms are formed from the single individual unicellular organism. Hence, it is called Binary Fission.

Bu dding  As a result repeated mitotic division a bulging on body appears , this lateral bulge is called bud . It increases in size and develops into a new hydra and gets separate from parent hydra . Budding takes place in yeast also.

SPO RE F ORM ATI ON  In most of fungi or bacteria a sporangium develops from the fungal hypha and nucleus divides several times, each nucleus with a bit of cytoplasm develops into a spore.

spore

REG ENER ATI ON  It is the ability of an organisms to replace its lost body parts. e.g. planaria, hydra and sponges etc.

VEG ETATI VE PRO PAG ATI ON In this process a new plant develops from vegetative parts of plant such as root, stem or leaf. There are three methods of artificial vegetative propagation: Cutting  Layering  Grafting

Cutt ing Cutting may be a piece of stem , leaf , root or a bull scale , it gives off roots when placed partly under sail and it grows into a new plant . e.g. grape , phalsa.

LAY ERI NG A part of stem is pulled and burried in soil , while it is attacked and supported by parent plant then layered parts get roots and are separated from parent plant. e.g. lemon , guava , jasmine and mogra etc .

GRA FTI NG  In this method two parts of different plants are joined together so as to they will unite and grow as one plant. The grafted portion is called scion and the plant in which grafting is performed is called stock. Different varieties on same stock; e.g on citrus root stock, varieties like sweet orange, lemon etc can be grafted.