Rehda Powerpoint 5aug 04

Thermal Comfort Honeycomb Housing REHDA Seminar 5 August 2004

New Housing Technology Thermal Comfort Housing by Mohd Peter Davis Universiti Putra Malaysia and

Honeycomb Housing by Mazlin Ghazali Arkitek M.Ghazali

Bluescope Steel (BHP) 5 years collaboration with Universiti Putra Malaysia

Development of ‘Cool Roof’ Highly insulated metal roofing system

Main sponsor of UPM Book “Thermal comfort Honeycomb housing”

Country Heights Interested in adopting Thermal Comfort Honeycomb Townships with UPM’s Wildlife Technology

5 meetings with Tan Sri Lee Kim Yew

Adopted by Universiti Putra Malaysia The Vice Chancellor of UPM will formally propose Federal Government commission

a commercial Thermal Comfort Honeycomb Township as National Showcase of Malaysian Housing Technology

MoU with SK BROTHERS 23 JUNE 2004

Sabah & Sarawak Datuk Abdol Mulok Interested in marketing Thermal Comfort Honeycomb Housing Technology in East Malaysia

Consumer Survey June 2004 of 116 potential house buyers Home Ownership Campaign, Kuala Lumpur

72% AGREE “ My house is too hot ”

Consumer Survey June 2004

90% AGREE ONLY 1% DISAGREE

“ I would like a thermal comfort house without air-cons ”

Consumer Survey June 2004

79% AGREE Only 1% DISAGREE “ I would like a house in a Honeycomb Township ”

Consumer Survey June 2004

92% AGREE 3% DISAGREE “ I will buy a thermal comfort house in a honeycomb township if the price is the same as equivalent houses now on the market ”

CONCLUSION: our

new Housing Technology is capturing the imagination of the Malaysian Housing Industry and Consumers

Terrace House Township

Honeycomb Township

HONEYCOMB HOUSING A new Malaysian invention (patent pending) by Mazlin Ghazali Principal, Arkitek M.Ghazali

Three Hexagonal Neighbourhoods

One Hexagonal Neighbourhood

Mathematical Proof % of site Road area Saleable land Houses per acre Private gardens Public green Potential tree shade

Terrace Honeycomb 18’ 6 x house 46% 37% 43% 52% 15.2 16.5 6% 12% 10% 10% 15% 46%

Thermal Comfort Housing With UPM Cool House technology Houses & apartments will remain acceptably cool even on hottest days of year WITHOUT air-conditioning

2 million Overheated Concrete Houses 8 years temperature data logging experiments at UPM CONCLUSION

10 million Malaysians would suffer 2 to 3 times less thermal discomfort

if they lived under trees!

Random Household Surveys supervised by Dr Nurizan, UPM 50% to 75% of respondents answer

“My house is too hot on about half the days of the year”

Health Problems in overheated houses On hot days inside their terrace houses 62% suffer HEADACHES 37% get ANGRY 34% get SICK These are the basic symptoms of

HEAT STRESS A Malaysian Community Health Problem

Research finding at UPM When resting under ceiling fan inside a house 0 33 C

is HUMAN MISERY

(Body can not lose heat) BUT 0 30 C is HUMAN COMFORT

UPM Design Aim for passively cool housing 0 30 C

Daytime 0 Night time 28 C Maximum indoor temperature With aid of ceiling fan Provides acceptable thermal comfort

ON A VERY HOT DAY

0

Temperature C 50

(1 June 2001, Serdang, Selangor) Single-storey terrace houses ROOF SPACE TEMPERATURES

48 0C

45

NORMAL ROOF

40

COOL ROOF

35 0C 35

0

30 C upper thermal comfort level

30

25 7 AM

11 AM

3 PM

7 PM Time

11 PM

3 AM

Consumer Reaction UPM Cool Roof

“The temperature in my house is now cool at all times without air-cons”

UPM Cool Roof 2 year tested

100% Leak proof Burglar proof

i I S

A hard lesson learnt Good inventions Technically Successful & Welcomed by the Public can be

Commercially Non-viable

Upgrading our Indoor Environment technology with Danish computer simulation software (BSim) Combined with 21 years of Malaysian climatic data

VALIDATION OF BSIM2002

TEM PERATURE 0 C

30.5 SIMULATED TEMPERATURE

29.5 28.5

ACTUAL TEMPERATURE MARCH 1999

27.5 LIVING ROOM

26.5

UPM THERMAL COMFORT HOUSE MARCH HEATWAVE

25.5 7 AM

12PM

5 PM Hour

10PM

3AM

Cool House design Principles based on UPM Research All these elements must be COMBINED 1. Design must keep out sun & rain 2. Small roof area 3. Keep Roof Space below 300C 4. Concrete walls for thermal mass- not lightweight walls 5. Sun protected walls (eaves, verandas) 6. Almost zero daytime ventilation 7. High night ventilation (28 air changes/hr)

HOTTEST DAY OF YEAR (8 March)

MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE OUTDOORS

39.40C

35.60C

29.60C

34.20C

29.80C

32.80C

30.80C

NORMAL BUNGALOW

UPM COOL BUNGALOW

MASTER BEDROOM

Hottest day (8 March)

35 34 33

0

Temperature C

32

NORMAL BUNGALOW

0

4.7 C

31 30 29

0

2.6 C

28 27

UPM COOL BUNGALOW

26 25 7AM

10AM

1PM

4PM

7PM Time

10PM

1AM

4AM

Electricity Savings (computer simulations) Thermal Comfort ‘Quarter-detached’ house No air-con required Night Ventilation RM 16 per month Terrace house Whole house air-con RM 244 per month Electricity saved: RM 228 per month RM 2736 per year Electricity Saved over 30 years RM82,000

VENTILATION STRATEGY (Aiming to achieve zero thermal discomfort) MECHANICAL VENTILATION AIR CHANGES per hour

DAY Ventilation 24hr Ventilation NIGHT Ventilation

None

7

14

28

56

23 units* 23 23

35 19 9

42 18 4

50 21 1

57 23 0

*Units of Thermal Discomfort in UPM ‘Cool Bungalow’

SIMULATED PERFORMANCE- HOTTEST DAY OF YEAR

NORMAL APARTMENTS

MIN 27.90C

28.10C

OUTDOORS

24.10C MIN 35.60C MAX

MIN

MAX

32 32.70C

.70C

28.10C

32.70C

28.00C 27.80C

COOL APARTMENTS

UPM TECHNOLOGY

25.50C 25.50C

COOL ROOF

MAX

29.80C 29.20C

WALL SHADING

NIGHT

25.50C

29.20C

32.70C

25.50C

29.30C

32.00C

25.60C

29.40C

VENTILATION

30C reduction in max temperature 100% reduction in thermal discomfort

HOTTEST DAY OF YEAR (8 March)

MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE OUTDOORS

39.40C

35.60C

29.60C

34.20C

29.80C

32.80C

30.80C

NORMAL BUNGALOW

UPM COOL BUNGALOW

DOUBLE STOREY TERRACE HOUSE

RM50 x 1500sf = RM75,000 CONCLUSION THERMAL COMFORT 21/2 storey SAME COST psf as hot TERRACE HOUSE

21/2 STOREY THERMAL COMFORT HOUSE

RM50 x 1150sf = RM57,500

Summary of Cool House Technology Solves hot house problem • without air-conditioning • at no extra building cost • commercial designs from Arkitek M. Ghazali • Ready for adoption by Developers

Malaysia’s Successful Urbanisation In 2 generations a rural British Colony of 8 million transformed into Nation of 23 million with modern towns and cities With vastly improved :• Incomes & Housing • Health & Nutrition • Education

However… Serious mistakes have been made 1. Urban houses TOO HOT 2. KL world’s worse URBAN HEAT ISLAND 3. Houses too expensive for 80% families 4. Urban Public Transport extremely poor

Problem: ‘Heat Island Effect’ Many cities are getting hotter by 0.10C to 0.60C per decade • • • • • •

Baltimore USA Shanghai China Oakland USA Tokyo Japan Los Angeles USA Kuala Lumpur

0.10C per decade 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6

Conclusion: KL holds the world record !

How do we cool down the urban outdoor environment? Voluntary time spent outdoors by Urban Malaysians Almost zero between 11am and 4pm BUT with SHADE and WIND The outdoor heat can be tolerated

UPM’s Wildlife Technology for Honeycomb Townships • • • •

creating micro-habitats for wildlife All houses facing small parks Tree lined roads Hedgerows instead of fences Extra bird food from residents Increase BIRD POPULATION 100 fold

Township transformed into ‘natural’ tropical bird sanctuary

Desert Townships RM700 million Government of Bahrain wants Malaysia to build Townships for foreign workers

S.K. Brothers Realty has opened up Arab countries for mass housing projects

Desert Township Air-con requirements (258 houses)

1.8 million kWhr electricity per year Thermal comfort Honeycomb Township

5.3 million kWhr electricity per year Malaysian Terrace House Township

Greening the deserts with Desalinated Water The SAVED ELECTRICITY can produce 0.9 million cubic meters water per year Sufficient for • All domestic water use • All park & garden water for high biomass township • Irrigated agriculture for food production

Industrialised Building Systems • UPM October 1996 Landmark seminar and exhibition • Now enthusiastically adopted by CIDB • Training of Malaysian Building Workers

Major Problems facing Malaysian Housing Industry

80% of families cannot safely afford to buy houses Can only afford FLATS & APARTMENTS UPM Study Based on:Historical Housing Affordability Rules Monthly repayments “ Maximum 25% of family income ”

Worldwide Housing Bubble House prices have been increasing much faster than earnings

The bubble is about to burst House prices will drop sharply Can Malaysian Housing Industry survive?

World Economic Collapse! Warning by American economist and USA Democratic Presidential Candidate

Lyndon LaRouche “ The collapse of the entire world economy is now unavoidable” Boston July 26 2004 Website: www.larouchepub.com

Half of Malaysians are under 23 years old United Nations expects 60% increase in population by 2050 Conclusion: Very healthy housing market for next 2 generations

THAILAND Perlis

121

257

Population Density – Year 2000 Persons per km2

Kedah Penang

1274

175 Perak

KEL

87

TER

69

98 KL

5676

Pahang

Sabah

36

35

Selangor

526

N.S

129 385 MALAKA

Johor

Sarawak

144

17

SINGAPORE

6428

Population Density MALAYSIA

71

INDONESIA 228 PHILIPPINES 282

Housing Master Plan for Malaysia Proposals from UPM:1. Quality home ownership for every Malaysian family 2. High-technology Housing Industry 1 worker to build 5 houses/year 3. Environment-friendly Townships & Cities 4. Nation-wide public transport

Proposal from UPM Minimum Housing Standards • 1000 sf for apartments • 1500sf for family house • 3 bedrooms • Lifetime of house,100 years • Thermally comfortable without air-con • Sufficient gardens to prevent heat island

AFFORDABLE HOUSING Challenge Can Housing Industry supply HOUSES at Apartment prices?? Example 1500 sf, 21/2 storey, 4 bedrooms HOUSE & LAND TOTAL RM120,000

Home Ownership for EVERY Malaysian Family 1500 sf Thermal comfort Honeycomb House RM 120,000 DEPOSIT (House Saving Fund) --RM10,000 Govt 4% HOUSING LOAN RM110,000 Repayments RM600 per month (30years) Requires RM2400 per month Gross Family Income

Can Malaysia recreate The ‘Australian Dream’ of the 1960’s ? Where every family could afford to buy quality house in a good suburb

“ Why rent when you can buy? ”

End of first part Thankyou