The role of Lightweight Steel in a
Science Driven National Housing Program “Home ownership for every Malaysian family”
New Housing Technology Thermal Comfort Housing by Mohd Peter Davis Universiti Putra Malaysia and
Honeycomb Housing by Mazlin Ghazali Arkitek M.Ghazali
Bluescope Steel (BHP) 5 years collaboration with Universiti Putra Malaysia
Development of ‘Cool Roof’ Highly insulated metal roofing system
Main sponsor of UPM Book “Thermal comfort Honeycomb housing”
Country Heights Interested in adopting Thermal Comfort Honeycomb Townships with UPM’s Wildlife Technology
5 meetings with Tan Sri Lee Kim Yew
Adopted by Universiti Putra Malaysia The Vice Chancellor of UPM will formally propose Federal Government commission
a commercial Thermal Comfort Honeycomb Township as National Showcase of Malaysian Housing Technology
MoU with SK BROTHERS 23 JUNE 2004
Sabah & Sarawak Datuk Abdol Mulok Interested in marketing Thermal Comfort Honeycomb Housing Technology in East Malaysia
Consumer Survey June 2004 of 116 potential house buyers Home Ownership Campaign, Kuala Lumpur
72% AGREE “ My house is too hot ”
Consumer Survey June 2004
90% AGREE ONLY 1% DISAGREE
“ I would like a thermal comfort house without air-cons ”
Consumer Survey June 2004
79% AGREE Only 1% DISAGREE “ I would like a house in a Honeycomb Township ”
Consumer Survey June 2004
92% AGREE 3% DISAGREE “ I will buy a thermal comfort house in a honeycomb township if the price is the same as equivalent houses now on the market ”
CONCLUSION: our
new Housing Technology is capturing the imagination of the Malaysian Housing Industry and Consumers
Terrace House Township
Honeycomb Township
HONEYCOMB HOUSING A new Malaysian invention (patent pending) by Mazlin Ghazali Principal, Arkitek M.Ghazali
Three Hexagonal Neighbourhoods
One Hexagonal Neighbourhood
Mathematical Proof % of site Road area Saleable land Houses per acre Private gardens Public green Potential tree shade
Terrace Honeycomb 18’ 6 x house 46% 37% 43% 52% 15.2 16.5 6% 12% 10% 10% 15% 46%
Thermal Comfort Housing With UPM Cool House technology Houses & apartments will remain acceptably cool even on hottest days of year WITHOUT air-conditioning
2 million Overheated Concrete Houses 8 years temperature data logging experiments at UPM CONCLUSION
10 million Malaysians would suffer 2 to 3 times less thermal discomfort
if they lived under trees!
Random Household Surveys supervised by Dr Nurizan, UPM 50% to 75% of respondents answer
“My house is too hot on about half the days of the year”
Health Problems in overheated houses On hot days inside their terrace houses 62% suffer HEADACHES 37% get ANGRY 34% get SICK These are the basic symptoms of
HEAT STRESS A Malaysian Community Health Problem
Research finding at UPM When resting under ceiling fan inside a house 0 33 C
is HUMAN MISERY
(Body can not lose heat) BUT 0 30 C is HUMAN COMFORT
UPM Design Aim for passively cool housing 0 30 C
Daytime 0 Night time 28 C Maximum indoor temperature With aid of ceiling fan Provides acceptable thermal comfort
ON A VERY HOT DAY
0
Temperature C 50
(1 June 2001, Serdang, Selangor) Single-storey terrace houses ROOF SPACE TEMPERATURES
48 0C
45
NORMAL ROOF
40
COOL ROOF
35 0C 35
0
30 C upper thermal comfort level
30
25 7 AM
11 AM
3 PM
7 PM Time
11 PM
3 AM
Consumer Reaction UPM Cool Roof
“The temperature in my house is now cool at all times without air-cons”
UPM Cool Roof 2 year tested
100% Leak proof Burglar proof
i I S
A hard lesson learnt Good inventions Technically Successful & Welcomed by the Public can be
Commercially Non-viable
Upgrading our Indoor Environment technology with Danish computer simulation software (BSim) Combined with 21 years of Malaysian climatic data
VALIDATION OF BSIM2002
TEM PERATURE 0 C
30.5 SIMULATED TEMPERATURE
29.5 28.5
ACTUAL TEMPERATURE MARCH 1999
27.5 LIVING ROOM
26.5
UPM THERMAL COMFORT HOUSE MARCH HEATWAVE
25.5 7 AM
12PM
5 PM Hour
10PM
3AM
Cool House design Principles based on UPM Research All these elements must be COMBINED 1. Design must keep out sun & rain 2. Small roof area 3. Keep Roof Space below 300C 4. Concrete walls for thermal mass- not lightweight walls 5. Sun protected walls (eaves, verandas) 6. Almost zero daytime ventilation 7. High night ventilation (28 air changes/hr)
HOTTEST DAY OF YEAR (8 March)
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE OUTDOORS
39.40C
35.60C
29.60C
34.20C
29.80C
32.80C
30.80C
NORMAL BUNGALOW
UPM COOL BUNGALOW
MASTER BEDROOM
Hottest day (8 March)
35 34 33
0
Temperature C
32
NORMAL BUNGALOW
0
4.7 C
31 30 29
0
2.6 C
28 27
UPM COOL BUNGALOW
26 25 7AM
10AM
1PM
4PM
7PM Time
10PM
1AM
4AM
Electricity Savings (computer simulations) Thermal Comfort ‘Quarter-detached’ house No air-con required Night Ventilation RM 16 per month Terrace house Whole house air-con RM 244 per month Electricity saved: RM 228 per month RM 2736 per year Electricity Saved over 30 years RM82,000
VENTILATION STRATEGY (Aiming to achieve zero thermal discomfort) MECHANICAL VENTILATION AIR CHANGES per hour
DAY Ventilation 24hr Ventilation NIGHT Ventilation
None
7
14
28
56
23 units* 23 23
35 19 9
42 18 4
50 21 1
57 23 0
*Units of Thermal Discomfort in UPM ‘Cool Bungalow’
SIMULATED PERFORMANCE- HOTTEST DAY OF YEAR
NORMAL APARTMENTS
MIN 27.90C
28.10C
OUTDOORS
24.10C MIN 35.60C MAX
MIN
MAX
32 32.70C
.70C
28.10C
32.70C
28.00C 27.80C
COOL APARTMENTS
UPM TECHNOLOGY
25.50C 25.50C
COOL ROOF
MAX
29.80C 29.20C
WALL SHADING
NIGHT
25.50C
29.20C
32.70C
25.50C
29.30C
32.00C
25.60C
29.40C
VENTILATION
30C reduction in max temperature 100% reduction in thermal discomfort
HOTTEST DAY OF YEAR (8 March)
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE OUTDOORS
39.40C
35.60C
29.60C
34.20C
29.80C
32.80C
30.80C
NORMAL BUNGALOW
UPM COOL BUNGALOW
DOUBLE STOREY TERRACE HOUSE
RM50 x 1500sf = RM75,000 CONCLUSION THERMAL COMFORT 21/2 storey SAME COST psf as hot TERRACE HOUSE
21/2 STOREY THERMAL COMFORT HOUSE
RM50 x 1150sf = RM57,500
Summary of Cool House Technology Solves hot house problem • without air-conditioning • at no extra building cost • commercial designs from Arkitek M. Ghazali • Ready for adoption by Developers
Malaysia’s Successful Urbanisation In 2 generations a rural British Colony of 8 million transformed into Nation of 23 million with modern towns and cities With vastly improved :• Incomes & Housing • Health & Nutrition • Education
However… Serious mistakes have been made 1. Urban houses TOO HOT 2. KL world’s worse URBAN HEAT ISLAND 3. Houses too expensive for 80% families 4. Urban Public Transport extremely poor
Problem: ‘Heat Island Effect’ Many cities are getting hotter by 0.10C to 0.60C per decade • • • • • •
Baltimore USA Shanghai China Oakland USA Tokyo Japan Los Angeles USA Kuala Lumpur
0.10C per decade 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6
Conclusion: KL holds the world record !
How do we cool down the urban outdoor environment? Voluntary time spent outdoors by Urban Malaysians Almost zero between 11am and 4pm BUT with SHADE and WIND The outdoor heat can be tolerated
UPM’s Wildlife Technology for Honeycomb Townships • • • •
creating micro-habitats for wildlife All houses facing small parks Tree lined roads Hedgerows instead of fences Extra bird food from residents Increase BIRD POPULATION 100 fold
Township transformed into ‘natural’ tropical bird sanctuary
Desert Townships RM700 million Government of Bahrain wants Malaysia to build Townships for foreign workers
S.K. Brothers Realty has opened up Arab countries for mass housing projects
Desert Township Air-con requirements (258 houses)
1.8 million kWhr electricity per year Thermal comfort Honeycomb Township
5.3 million kWhr electricity per year Malaysian Terrace House Township
Greening the deserts with Desalinated Water The SAVED ELECTRICITY can produce 0.9 million cubic meters water per year Sufficient for • All domestic water use • All park & garden water for high biomass township • Irrigated agriculture for food production
Industrialised Building Systems • UPM October 1996 Landmark seminar and exhibition • Now enthusiastically adopted by CIDB • Training of Malaysian Building Workers
Major Problems facing Malaysian Housing Industry
80% of families cannot safely afford to buy houses Can only afford FLATS & APARTMENTS UPM Study Based on:Historical Housing Affordability Rules Monthly repayments “ Maximum 25% of family income ”
Worldwide Housing Bubble House prices have been increasing much faster than earnings
The bubble is about to burst House prices will drop sharply Can Malaysian Housing Industry survive?
World Economic Collapse! Warning by American economist and USA Democratic Presidential Candidate
Lyndon LaRouche “ The collapse of the entire world economy is now unavoidable” Boston July 26 2004 Website: www.larouchepub.com
Half of Malaysians are under 23 years old United Nations expects 60% increase in population by 2050 Conclusion: Very healthy housing market for next 2 generations
THAILAND Perlis
121
257
Population Density – Year 2000 Persons per km2
Kedah Penang
1274
175 Perak
KEL
87
TER
69
98 KL
5676
Pahang
Sabah
36
35
Selangor
526
N.S
129 385 MALAKA
Johor
Sarawak
144
17
SINGAPORE
6428
Population Density MALAYSIA
71
INDONESIA 228 PHILIPPINES 282
Housing Master Plan for Malaysia Proposals from UPM:1. Quality home ownership for every Malaysian family 2. High-technology Housing Industry 1 worker to build 5 houses/year 3. Environment-friendly Townships & Cities 4. Nation-wide public transport
Proposal from UPM Minimum Housing Standards • 1000 sf for apartments • 1500sf for family house • 3 bedrooms • Lifetime of house,100 years • Thermally comfortable without air-con • Sufficient gardens to prevent heat island
AFFORDABLE HOUSING Challenge Can Housing Industry supply HOUSES at Apartment prices?? Example 1500 sf, 21/2 storey, 4 bedrooms HOUSE & LAND TOTAL RM120,000
Home Ownership for EVERY Malaysian Family 1500 sf Thermal comfort Honeycomb House RM 120,000 DEPOSIT (House Saving Fund) --RM10,000 Govt 4% HOUSING LOAN RM110,000 Repayments RM600 per month (30years) Requires RM2400 per month Gross Family Income
Can Malaysia recreate The ‘Australian Dream’ of the 1960’s ? Where every family could afford to buy quality house in a good suburb
“ Why rent when you can buy? ”
Role of Lightweight Steel Essential part of modern Malaysian Housing Industry Driven by science, new technology & IBS with Government Housing Program Malaysia can become a major builder of Townships & Cities for developing world
End of first part Thankyou