Card # 48‐ Refraction Deviation or change in the path of light when it travels from one medium to another is known as Refraction. Note: Refraction will take place only when light incident in an oblique way (not normally).If light incident on the surface normally the angle of refraction will be zero.
When light moves from a rarer medium to denser medium, it bends towards the normal. When light moves from a denser medium to rarer medium, it bends away from the normal. Laws of refraction: (1) The incident ray, the normal and the refracted ray all lie in a same plane. (2) The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is a constant. i.e. sin i / sin r = constant = 1n2 Refractive index of one medium (1) with respect to another medium (2) = 1n2
This law is also known as Snell’s law of Refraction.
Relative Refractive Index of two Media: Let PQRS be the path of a ray of light passing successively through air, water, glass. And it is emerging in the air again. For the refraction at point Q, at air‐water interface
Again, at water‐glass interface, ray of light refracted at point R, so
Finally, ray of light again refracted at point S on glass‐air interface.
Multiplying equation (1), (2), (3) we get
Apparent Position of an object- Due to refraction depth of a tank cannot be known. The apparent depth of the tank is given by 1/n times the original depth. n = (real or original depth / apparent depth) If R is real object position then A is apparent position. Refraction index of the liquid with respect to air is n = OR/ OA