Reap2_finals.pdf

Creed: 12 Articles

Creed: 12 Articles

the mystery of the one God in three distinct persons, together with the works attributed in a particular manner to each of them

A. The Nature of the Creed 

Jesus to teach all nations and to observe whatever Christ

to formulate the doctrines of the faith.  This formulation was needed so that unity and purity of doctrine shall be preserved. Has commanded, it was necessary



From the beginning, the apostolic church expressed and handed on her faith in brief formula normative for all. The

faith in systematic and articulated summaries. Church gathers the essential elements of her

 This

synthesis of the fundamental truths of the Catholic Christian Faith, which are grounded on the Sacred Scriptures.  The Creed presents the one teaching of the faith in its entirety. Creed : Latin word Credo (“I believe.”) Creed is a confession of faith.

 The

Creed is a symbol of faith.  a summary of the principal truths of the faith, therefore, serves as the first and fundamental point of reference for catechesis.  The creed that we know today did not just come automatically as to what it is now.

the

Apostle’s Creed, is already a summary of the essential tenets or doctrines of the Catholic Church. the profession of faith all throughout time has been gathered and made into synthesis. the Catholic creeds have had a long history in Scriptures and Tradition

 The

narrative elements grew from the Trinitarian pattern of the classic creeds.  



The Father as the Creator Jesus as the Son-become-man who died and rose from the dead for our redemption The Holy Spirit as the Love between the Father and the Son and the Force that unites us with God

Creed into 3 Principal Parts God the Father

God the Son

God the Holy Spirit

Divine Person Theology and the work of creation Divine Person Christology and mystery of his redemption of men Divine Person Pneumatology and the origin and source of our sanctification

STRUCTURE OF CREED I believe in God the Father …  I believe in Jesus Christ …  I believe in the Holy Spirit …. 

TRINITARIAN PATTERN YET CHRISTOCENTRIC FOCUS or (CHRIST-CENTERED)

CATHOLIC CREEDS The

 is

Apostles’ Creed

the most ancient of all professions of faith  an elaboration of the early Roman Creed of the 3rd century  a formula of belief in twelve articles, containing the fundamental doctrines of Christianity, whose authorship is ascribed by tradition to the Apostles

CATHOLIC CREEDS The

Apostles’ Creed

 preserves

the unity and purity of doctrines of the Christian Faith  was used at the liturgical ceremonies, especially in the celebration of the Holy Eucharist.



The Nicene Creed 



had incorporated some additions to the Apostles’ Creed formulated by the Council of Nicaea, the first Ecumenical Council held in 325 The First Council of Constantinople in 381 confirmed and promulgated “the faith of Nicaea.” against Arian heresy that took its name from Arius  Macedonian heresy, on the other hand, which took its name from Bishop Macedonius of Constantinople 

The Apostles Creed I believe in God, the Father almighty

Mt 5:45

Creator of heaven and earth

Gn 1:1ff; Rom 1:20

And in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord

Mt 3:17; Phil 2:12

Who was conceived by the Holy Spirit

Lk 1:35

Born of the Virgin Mary

Lk 2:7

Suffered under Pontius Pilate

Jn 19:16

Was crucified, died, and was buried

Jn 19:29-42

He descended into hell

1 Pt 3:19-20

On the third day, He rose again from the dead

Mt 28:1-10; Jn 20:11-18

He ascended in heaven

Lk 24:51

And sits at the right hand of the God

Heb 1:3

The Father almighty

Mk 14:36

From thence He shall come again

Mt 16:27; Acts 10:39ff

To judge the living and the dead

1 Cor 15:51ff

The Apostles Creed I believe in the Holy Spirit Jn 14:15-20; Acts 1:7-8 The Holy Catholic Church Mt 16:18-19; Eph 5:26-27; Col 1:24 The communion of saints Mt 28:19-20; 2 Cor 11:13; 1 Cor 15:33 The forgiveness of sins Jn 20:22-23 The resurrection of the body 1 Cor 15:51-54; 1 Thes 4;13-18; And life everlasting 1 Jn 5:20

12 Articles of Creed I. II. III. IV.

I believe in God, the Father Almighty creator of heaven and earth. I believe in Jesus Christ, His only son, Our Lord. He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary. He suffered under Pontius Pilate was crucified, died and was buried. He descended to the dead V. On the third day he rose again. VI. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. VII. He will come again to judge the living and the dead. VIII. I believe in the Holy Spirit, IX. The Holy Catholic Church, the communion of saints, X. The forgiveness of sins, XI. The resurrection of the body, XII. and life everlasting. Amen.

The Creed God the Father

God the Son God the Holy Spirit The Church The Last Things

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII

STRUCTURE OF CREED I believe in God the Father … I believe in Jesus Christ … I believe in the Holy Spirit …. TRINITARIAN PATTERN yet CHRISTOCENTRIC FOCUS

or

(CHRIST-CENTERED)

CHURCH’S TEACHING A. I believe in Jesus Christ, His only son, Our Lord. B. He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary. C. He suffered under Pontius Pilate was crucified, died and was buried. He descended to the dead D. On the third day he rose again. E. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. F. He will come again to judge the living and the dead.

JESUS • JESUS : Hebrew–

‫תשווע‬

– Yahweh is salvation – Savior because God will save the world through Him – The name through which God the Father is to be invoked and by which the Apostles worked miracles

CHURCH’S TEACHING A. I believe in Jesus Christ, His only son, Our Lord. B. He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary. C. He suffered under Pontius Pilate was crucified, died and was buried. He descended to the dead D. On the third day he rose again. E. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. F. He will come again to judge the living and the dead.

CHRIST • (Greek) – Χριστός – anointed one or Messiah – The Anointed One of God who will come to pour out the Holy Spirit to life to the many

Jesus Christ: Jesus the Messiah Jesus the Anointed One

CHURCH’S TEACHING A. I believe in Jesus Christ, His only son, Our Lord. B. He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary. C. He suffered under Pontius Pilate was crucified, died and was buried. He descended to the dead D. On the third day he rose again. E. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. F. He will come again to judge the living and the dead.

HIS ONLY SON • His only Son: – That Jesus is the Second Person of the Trinity – Became man to suffer and die for the redemption of mankind – The true Son of God, as testified by the Father in his Baptism (Lk. 3:22; Jn. 3:16)

CHURCH’S TEACHING A. I believe in Jesus Christ, His only son, Our Lord. B. He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary. C. He suffered under Pontius Pilate was crucified, died and was buried. He descended to the dead D. On the third day he rose again. E. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. F. He will come again to judge the living and the dead.

LORD • (Adonai) ‫לורד‬ Jesus is the Lord and God to whom we must render our obedience, submission, loyalty and reverence

CHURCH’S TEACHING A. I believe in Jesus Christ, His only son, Our Lord. B. He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary. C. He suffered under Pontius Pilate was crucified, died and was buried. He descended to the dead D. On the third day he rose again. E. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. F. He will come again to judge the living and the dead.

BORN OF THE VIRGIN MARY • The Father’s only Son was conceived in Mary’s womb through the Holy Spirit

CHURCH’S TEACHING A. I believe in Jesus Christ, His only son, Our Lord. B. He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary. C. He suffered under Pontius Pilate was crucified, died and was buried. He descended to the dead D. On the third day he rose again. E. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. F. He will come again to judge the living and the dead.

Public Ministry of Jesus

Preparation

Baptism

Jesus as Servant

Baptism of his Passion

John the Baptist • Forerunner of the Lord • Son of Zechariah and Elizabeth • Miraculous birth due to his significant role in God’s plan of salvation • “VOICE of one crying out in the desert” according to Isaiah • Preached in the desert with the theme “Repent, for the Kingdom of heaven is at hand.”

• John called Jesus “the LAMB OF GOD”, who would take away the sin of the world • John had seen and he testified that Jesus was the SON OF GOD • John was arrested, imprisoned and beheaded at the order of Herod Antipas

The meaning of Jesus’ Baptism •Signaled and started Jesus’ public life

The meaning of Jesus’ Baptism •Public proclamation of his real union with sinful humanity which He had come to redeem from its sins

The meaning of Jesus’ Baptism •Acceptance of his mission

The meaning of Jesus’ Baptism •Anticipated Jesus’ baptism of bloody death on the cross for the remission of our sins

The meaning of Jesus’ Baptism •Empowered Him to fulfill his role through the Holy Spirit of God (dove)

Threefold Mission of Jesus Proclaimed God’s word

Prophet

King

Served God and others

Priest

Offered prayer, worship And sacrifices to God

Temptation of Jesus (Mt. 4:1-11, Lk. 4:1-12 40 days and nights of Jesus in the desert recalled: a. 40 years wandering in the desert b. 40 days and nights of Moses’ stay in Mt. Sinai c. 40 days and nights of rain during Noah’s time

The number forty is used by God to represent a period of testing or judgment (the length of time necessary to accomplish some major part of Gods plan in his dealings with various portions of mankind)

JESUS’ TEMPTATIONS

MEANING

•Jesus refused to use His power for His own benefit but accepted God’s will for Him completely. •God’s Kingdom is not an economic kingdom Jesus’ Response: “One does not live by bread alone, but by every word that comes forth from the mouth of God” (Dt 8:3). To turn the stone into bread

To throw Himself down from the parapet •Jesus refused to test God by demanding of the temple in order that angels will from Him an extraordinary show of support Him power. •God’s Kingdom is not a kingdom of magic and trickery to capture people’s imagination and force them to believe.

Jesus’ Response: “The Lord, your God, shall you worship and Him alone shall you serve” (Dt 6:13). To worship Satan in order to possess all of •Jesus refused to replace God with Israel’s false god. the world’s power and glory •God’s Kingdom is not a political, national or geographical Kingdom. Jesus’ Response: “You shall not put the Lord, your God, to the test” (Dt 6:16).

• The temptations tested Jesus’ obedience to the Father’s will as these challenged Him to rebel against God

• The temptations of Jesus recapitulated (recapped, summed up) the temptations of Adam and Eve, those of the Israelites in the desert and those of the whole humanity

Jesus’ victory over the devil signified the following realities: a. Jesus as the new Adam b. Jesus as the True Israel and True son c. Jesus’ victory over the devil anticipated Jesus’ victory over his Passion and Crucifixion

• Jesus’ temptation revealed the kind of power Jesus would exercise in his ministry and his rejection of the people’s expectation of a political and militaristic Messiah

JESUS SUFFERED AND DIED FOR THE SINS OF ALL MANKIND • Jesus made reparation for our sins and reopened for us the road to salvation and union with the Father. • He freely offered Himself “unto death and even death on the cross” so that his life may be the ransom for the many • The symbol of cross captures this mystery of man’s redemption in and through Christ

CHURCH’S TEACHING A. I believe in Jesus Christ, His only son, Our Lord. B. He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary. C. He suffered under Pontius Pilate was crucified, died and was buried. He descended to the dead D. On the third day he rose again. E. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. F. He will come again to judge the living and the dead.

HE DESCENDED TO THE DEAD • Jesus’ descent to the dead brings the Gospel message of salvation to its complete fulfillment for “gospel was preached to the dead” • He went down into the depths of death so that “the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear it will live. • By dying, Jesus, “the Author of Life” destroyed death and the devil who is the author of death and sin.

CHURCH’S TEACHING A. I believe in Jesus Christ, His only son, Our Lord. B. He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary. C. He suffered under Pontius Pilate was crucified, died and was buried. He descended to the dead D. On the third day he rose again. E. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. F. He will come again to judge the living and the dead.

RESURRECTION • Rising from the dead on the 3rd day after his death and burial, He rose by his own power. • The empty tomb and linen cloths lying there signify in themselves that, by God’s power, Christ’s body had escaped the bonds of death and corruption.

Paschal Mystery/Mystery of Faith Christ has died. Passion and Death Christ is risen.

Resurrection and Ascension

Christ will come The Parousia (the again. Second Coming of Christ)

Paschal Mystery

The Resurrection of Jesus Christ is Risen!

Resurrection - the rising again from the dead, the resumption of life

Biblical Evidences of Christ’s Appearances GOSPEL ACCOUNTS Mt 28:1-10

Mary Magdalene and the other Mary

Mt 28:16-20

Eleven Disciples

Mk 16:9

Mary Magdalene

Mk 16:12-13

Two disciples

Along the road to Emmaus

MK 16:14-20

Eleven Disciples

At the table in

Lk 24: 13-34

Two disciples

On the road to Emmaus

LK 24:36-49

Disciples

Jn 20:11-18

Mary Magdalene

Jn 21:1-19

Simon Peter, Thomas, Nathaneal, Zebedee’s two sons, and two other disciples Peter, the 12 Apostles, 500 brothers, , Galilee, on the road to James, Paul

1 Cor 15:3-8

WITNESSES

PLACES

The Nature of Christ’s Resurrection Early morning of the first day of the week Mary of Magdala came to the tomb of Jesus and found out that the stone was removed from it. She ran and informed the other disciples believing that somebody took the body of Jesus. The two disciples entered and saw the burial cloths and the cloth that covered Jesus’ head but the tomb was already empty. They went home but Mary of Magdala stayed outside the tomb weeping. Later on, Jesus appeared to Mary and she went and announced it to the disciples saying, “I have seen the Lord.”(Jn 20:1-18).

• Christ’s resurrection confirmed everything that He had done and taught. • He fulfilled the OT prophecies promising a savior for the world (Ps110, Dt. 7:13). • He confirmed His divinity. • His death saved us from sin • His resurrection brought us a share in the life of the adopted children of the Father in the Holy Spirit.

• The resurrection of Christ is of very great importance to the Christian faith. • St. Paul said, “If Christ was not

raised, your faith is worthless.” (1 Cor. 15:17). • If Christ did not resurrect from the dead then all Christians would “then be exposed as false

witnesses of God, for we have borne witness before Him that He raised up Christ” (1 Cor 15:15).

Christ is Risen! Historical

Transhistorical

The Resurrection was Jesus’ passage from death to new, definitive glorified life. First, Christ’s Resurrection is both historical and trans-historical.  HISTORICAL: the testimony of witnesses of the Risen Christ, the empty tomb, etc.  TRANS-HISTORICAL: surpasses and transcends history in that no one claimed to see the event, no one described how it took place, no one can explain what “risen, glorified existence” is essentially.

Like the historical Jesus

Unlike the historical Jesus

Second, the glorified state of the Risen Christ is both like and unlike the historical, earthly Jesus.  LIKE HISTORICAL JESUS: has personal continuity with his prior earthly bodily existence. He continued to appear to his disciples, those he spent time with before his passion and death.

 UNLIKE HISTORICAL JESUS: a discontinuity with his earthly state as shown and explained in the accounts of those who witnessed Christ’s risen state. CONCLUSION: a major change of the Risen State of Christ from His old state before His resurrection.

Third. As effected by the Trinity. The source of Jesus’ divine sonship and mission is the Father, so too the divine power raising Jesus from the dead has its source in the Father (Acts 2:24). Jesus’ very conception in the Virgin Mary, the divine power re-vivifying and glorifying the dead Jesus, body and soul, is the Holy Spirit.

The Resurrection as Jesus’ Presence In the OT, prophets’ experience of

hearing God’s word

The Resurrection as Jesus’ Presence

In NT, the disciples’ encounter with the Risen Christ is in terms of seeing, sometimes even with

touching. The women embraced the feet of Jesus (cf. Mt. 28:9).

 To His disciples who thought He was a ghost, the Risen Christ said: “Look at my hands and my feet; it is really I. Touch me and see that a ghost does not have flesh and bones as I do.”(Lk 24:39).  To the doubting Thomas Jesus said: “Take your finger and examine my hands. Put your hand into my side”(Jn 20:27).

These appearances of the Risen Christ have three significant characteristics: First, the Risen Christ showed himself as transcending the ordinary limits of time and space.

Second, the Risen Christ appeared only to those who could identify Him with the earthly, historical Jesus. These thus became the once-and-for-all original witnesses (Apostles) founding the Church. The Apostolic Age closed with their passing; from then on, Christians are those “who have not seen and have believed” (Jn 20:29).

• Third, the appearance did not remove all doubts nor the need for faith (cf. CCC 644).

A real change of heart, a conversion, was needed to “see” the Risen Christ as the apostle Thomas and the Emmaus disciples clearly show (cf. Jn 20:27; Lk 24:13-35).

Paschal Mystery

ASCENSION

Ascension

“As Jesus blessed them, he parted from them and was taken up to heaven” (Lk 24:50).

“… Go to my brethren and say to them… I am ascending to my Father” (Jn 20:17).

Ascension

“Only He who came from the Father can return to the Father” (Jn 16:28).

Ascension

“When I am lifted up from the earth, I will draw all men to Myself” (Jn 12:32).

Ascension

“… he who ascended far above the heavens that He might fill all things” (Eph. 4:9).

Ascension

“He will return just as you saw Him go up into the heavens” (Acts 1: 10-11).

Ascension

ASCENSION • The final elevation of Christ’s human nature into the condition of divine glory by his own power • He precedes us in the Father’s glorious kingdom so that we may live in the hope of being with Him forever. • He intercedes constantly for us and assures us of the permanent outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon us while we are on our pilgrimage to the eternal home.

The Meaning of Christ’s Ascension 1. It marks Jesus’ exaltation/acclamation by the heavenly Father. 2. It is the definitive return of Jesus to heaven (Acts 1:9-11). 3. It draws everyone to Christ, our mediator and intercessor (Jn. 12:32). 4. It is prophetic of His Second Coming, the Parousia.

The Importance of Christ’s Ascension: It provides the unlimited power of the Holy Spirit. “Yet, I tell you this sober truth: it is much better for you that I go for if I will not go, the Paraclete will never come to you; whereas if I go, I will send Him to you… He will guide you to all truth. He will not speak on His own, but will speak only about what He hears and will announce to you the things to come” (Jn. 16:7, 13)

The Importance of Christ’s Ascension: It provides the unlimited power of Jesus Christ as our intercessor. “Therefore, he is always able to save those who approach God through Him, since He forever lives to make intercession for them” (Heb 7:25). “But if anyone should sin, we have, in the presence of the Father, Jesus Christ, an intercessor who is just” (1 Jn 2:1).

CHURCH’S TEACHING A. I believe in Jesus Christ, His only son, Our Lord. B. He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary. C. He suffered under Pontius Pilate was crucified, died and was buried. He descended to the dead D. On the third day he rose again. E. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. F. He will come again to judge the living and the dead.

“AT THE FATHER’S RIGHT HAND” • Inauguration of the Messiah’s kingdom, that all peoples, nations and languages should serve him; • His dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, which shall never be destroyed and will have no end.

CHURCH’S TEACHING A. I believe in Jesus Christ, His only son, Our Lord. B. He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary. C. He suffered under Pontius Pilate was crucified, died and was buried. He descended to the dead D. On the third day he rose again. E. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. F. He will come again to judge the living and the dead.

Paschal Mystery

Summary

WILL HE COME BACK?

PAROUSIA BUT WHEN and HOW ?

Parousia (The Second Coming of Christ)

“This Jesus who has been taken from you will return just as you saw Him go up into the heavens” (Acts 1:10-11).

Parousia (The Second Coming of Christ) “The sign of the Son of man will appear in the sky, and all tribes of the earth will mourn as they see the Son of Man on a cloud of heaven with power and great glory. He will dispatch His angels…” (Mt 24:29).

Parousia (The Second Coming of Christ)

“When the Son of Man comes in His glory, escorted by all angels of heaven, He will sit upon His royal throne and all the nations will be assembled before Him” (Mt 25:31-36).

Parousia (The Second Coming of Christ)

“Do not be amazed at this because the hour is coming when all those in the tombs will hear His voice and come out, those who have done good deeds to the resurrection of the just and those who have done evil deeds to the resurrection of condemnation” (Jn 5:28-29).

Parousia (The Second Coming of Christ)

“God’s triumph over the revolt of evil will take place in the form of the Last Judgment after the final upheaval of this passing world” (Rev 20:1215).

Parousia (The Second Coming of Christ)

“Remember, I am coming soon. I will bring with Me the reward that will be given to each man as his conduct deserves” (Rev 22:20).

THE SECOND COMING (PAROUSIA) • Jesus will come in glory to achieve the definitive triumph of good over evil. • The last Judgment • He will come again from heaven with great power and glory to demand from all mankind a strict accounting of the manner in which they have spent their lives. • He will then judge all the nations of the earth.

Second Coming of Christ

not the destruction or annihilation of the universe

but the renewal of heaven and earth.

The Meaning of the Parousia for Christians:  The Risen Christ as the Son of Man will come to judge the living and the dead (2 Tim 4:1).  Christ’s Second coming is unmistakable since it will be accompanied by a sign in the heaven and on the earth (Mk 24: 27).  As for the exact day or hour, no one knows. Unexpectedly, it will come like a thief in the night (1 Thes 5:2). We must be constantly on the watch.

The Meaning of the Parousia for Christians  All will come to life again We are destined to rise victorious at the end of time, to be with Christ forever in His Father’s kingdom.  It is the perfection of the universe/ cosmos in whose image it was made (Jn 1:1-14).

THE APOSTLES’ CREED I believe in God, the Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth.

I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord. He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary. He suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried. He descended to the dead. On the third day, he rose again. He ascended into heaven, and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again to judge the living and dead. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Holy Catholic Church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and life everlasting. Amen

ESCHATOLOGY

Meaning: • Christian Meaning: That branch of systematic theology which deals with the doctrines of the last things (ta eschata). • But doctrines of the last things is true to the various religions of mankind, and illustrate by comparison the superiority of Christian eschatological teaching.

Ethnic eschatologies

• UNCIVILIZED CULTURES • CIVILIZED CULTURES

Uncivilized societies • the universality of religious beliefs, including of existence after death • the truth and purity of eschatological beliefs vary with the purity of the idea of God and of the moral standards that prevail. – Some savages seem to limit existence after death to the good (with extinction for the wicked), – the possibility of a second death, in the other world or on the way to it. – The next world itself is variously located — on the earth, in the skies, in the sun or moon — but most commonly under the earth;

• In most savage religions there is no very high or definite doctrine of moral retribution after death;

• But, some savage religions contain unexpectedly clear and elevated ideas of many primary moral duties.

Civilized cultures Babylonian and Assyrian

Egyptian  Indian  Persian Greek religions

Old Testament eschatology • preparation for the fullness of Christian Revelation.

(1) doctrine of God and of man in relation to God; the universe is ruled by the wisdom, Justice, and omnipotence of the one, true God. And man is created by God in His own image and likeness, and destined to relations of friendship and fellowship with Him.

(2) Moral retribution after death. Death is not extinction; but Sheol, the underworld of the dead. Dishonour incurred in life or in death, clings to a man in Sheol, like the honour he may have won by a virtuous life on earth;

• (3)the hope of the establishment of a theocratic and Messianic kingdom on earth . However spiritually this idea may be found expressed in Old Testament prophecies, as we read them now in the light of their progressive fulfillment in the New Testament. • The resurrection of the dead in Isaiah 26:19, and Daniel 12:2, is introduced; and many of the descriptions foretelling "the day of the Lord", the judgment on Jews and Gentiles, the renovation of the earth and other phenomena that usher in that day while applicable in a limited sense to contemporary events and to the inauguration of the Christian Era, are much more appropriately understood of the end of the world.

•

•

(4) The recognition of individual as opposed to mere corporate responsibility and retribution may be reckoned, at least remotely, as a gain to eschatology, even when retribution is confined chiefly to this life; and this principle is repeatedly recognized in the earliest books. ( Genesis 18:25; Exodus 32:33; Numbers 16:22; Deuteronomy 7:10; 24:16; 2 Kings 24:17; 2 Kings 14:6; Isaiah 3:10 sq.; 33:15 sqq.; Jeremiah 12:1 sq.; 17:5-10; 32:18 sq.; Ezekiel 14:12-20; 18:4, 18 sqq.; Psalms, passim; Proverbs 2:21 sq.; 10:2; 11:19, 31; etc.) In the Psalms and in Job the clear expression of a hope or assurance for the just of a life of blessedness after death. "But I know that my Redeemer liveth and that he shall stand up at the last upon the earth [dust]; and after this my skin has been destroyed, yet from [al. without] my flesh shall I see God, whom I shall see for myself and my eyes shall behold, and not another" (25 - 27). In his risen body he will see God, according to the Vulgate (LXX) reading: "and in the last day I shall rise out of the earth. And I shall be clothed again with my skill, and in my flesh I shall see my God" (25 - 26).

• The doctrine of the resurrection finds definite expression in the Prophets; and in Isaiah 26:19: "thy dead shall live, my dead bodies shall rise again. Awake and sing, ye that dwell in the dust" etc.; and Daniel 12:2: "and many of those that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake: some unto everlasting life, and others to everlasting shame and contempt" etc., • The doctrine of retribution after death: – Sheol is still most commonly understood of the general abode of the departed awaiting the resurrection, this abode having different divisions for the reward of the righteous and the punishment of the wicked; – Sheol is sometimes simply equivalent to hell. Gehenna is the name usually applied to the final place of punishment of the wicked after the last judgment, or even immediately after death; while paradise is often used to designate the intermediate abode of the souls of the just and heaven their home of final blessedness. Christ's use of these terms shows that the Jews of His day were sufficiently familiar with their New Testament meanings.

Catholic eschatology For systematic treatment it is best to distinguish between: (A) individual eschatology: death; the particular judgment; heaven, or eternal happiness; purgatory, or the intermediate state; hell, or eternal punishment; (B)Universal and cosmic eschatology: the approach of the end of the world; the resurrection of the body; the general judgment; and the final consummation of all things.

Individual eschatology Death, which consists in the separation of soul and body, is presented under many aspects in Catholic teaching: 1. as being actually and historically, the consequence and penalty of Adam's sin (Genesis 2:17; Romans 5:12, etc.); 2. as being the end of man's period of probation, the event which decides his eternal destiny (2 Corinthians 5:10; John 9:4; Luke 12:40; 16:19 sqq.; etc.), though it does not exclude an intermediate state of purification for the imperfect who die in God's grace; and 3. as being universal, though as to its absolute universality (for those living at the end of the world) there is some room for doubt.

Particular Judgment That is the final judgment by Christ of each human being a moment after his death (Hb. 9;27) That a particular judgment of each soul takes place at death is implied in many passages of the New Testament (Luke 16:22 sqq.; 23:43; Acts 1:25; etc.), and in the teaching of the Council of Florence , regarding the speedy entry of each soul into heaven, purgatory, or hell.

Heaven - abode of the blessed, where (after the resurrection with glorified bodies) they enjoy, in the company of Christ and the angels, the immediate vision of God face to face, being supernaturally elevated by the light of glory so as to be capable of such a vision. Only the perfectly pure and holy can enter heaven; but for those who have attained that state, either at death or after a course of purification in purgatory, entry into heaven is not deferred, as has sometimes been erroneously held, till after the General Judgment.

Purgatory is the intermediate state of unknown duration in which those who die imperfect, but not in unrepented mortal sin, undergo a course of penal purification, to qualify for admission into heaven. They share in the communion of saints and are benefited by our prayers and good works.

• Hell designates the place or state of men (and angels) who, because of sin, are excluded forever from the Beatific Vision. • Hell is the state of those who are punished eternally for unrepented personal mortal sin.

Universal and cosmic eschatology • Parousia: The Second Coming of Christ is the Day of Judgment. • The “dead will be raised to share in Christ’s glory” (1 Thes 1:4;13-17). • “Death will come as a thief in the night” (1 Thes 1:5); the wicked will be punished and the righteous will find rest and reward”; • God will judge the secrets of men through Jesus Christ (Rom. 2:16). • On the Last Day, our Lord will pronounce a sentence of eternal reward or of punishment to everyone who has ever lived in this world

• The Approach of the End of the World: Notwithstanding Christ's express refusal to specify the time of the end (Mark 13:32; Acts 1:6 sq.), it was a common belief among early Christians that the end of the world was near. • But Christ had clearly stated that the Gospel was to be preached to all nations before the end (Matthew 24:14). • Various others are spoken of as preceding or ushering in the end, as a great apostasy, or falling away from faith or charity, the reign of Antichrist, and great social calamities and terrifying physical convulsions. Yet the end will come unexpectedly and take the living by surprise.

• The Resurrection of the Body: The visible coming (parousia) of Christ in power and glory will be the signal for the rising of the dead . • It is Catholic teaching that all the dead who are to be judged will rise, the wicked as well as the Just, and that they will rise with the bodies they had in this life. • Though not formally defined, it is sufficiently certain that there is to be only one general resurrection, simultaneous for the good and the bad. • Regarding the qualities of the risen bodies: – in the case of the damned we can only affirm that their bodies will be incorruptible. – in the perfect state of man - body and soul united, the bodies of the just will possess four principal qualities: • • • •

impassibility (freedom from suffering and pain), brightness (radiance and glory), agility (as quick as thought, to pass to all parts of the universe, subtility (special existence of the soul)

The General Judgment: the final judgment by Christ of the human race on the last day at the resurrection of the dead

• The Consummation of All Things: the physical universe sharing in the general consummation • The present heaven and earth will be destroyed, and a new heaven and earth take their place. • Christ's militant reign is to cease with the accomplishment of His office as Judge but as King of the elect whom He has saved He will reign with them in glory forever.

• On Life Everlasting: It points that after this life there is another that will last eternity; that after the General Judgment man will die no more, but will continue forever in a state of perfect happiness with God, or a misery with the devil. • Those who are rewarded in heaven will be those who have died in the state of grace or have been purified in purgatory from all venial sins and all debts of temporal punishment; there, they see Good face to face (Beatific Vision) and share forever in his glory and happiness.

CATHOLIC ESCHATOLOGY

DEATH, JUDGMENT, PARTICULAR JUDGMENT, GENERAL JUDGMENT, HEAVEN, HELL, PURGATORY, PAROUSIA, END OF THE WORLD, NEW HEAVEN AND NEW EARTH, LIFE EVERLASTING, RESURRECTION OF THE DEAD, CONSUMMATION OF ALL THINGS…. TRANSCENDENCE - AWARENESS OF THE DIVINE AND LASTING REALITIES; - CALLS FOR SPIRITUAL DISCIPLINE AND DETACHMENT SO THAT ONE EXPERIENCES A GLOBAL VISIONARY AND PROPHETIC PERSPECTIVE TO LIFE

Faith Proclamation about Jesus

Who is Jesus?

Universal Savior

God Among us

The Christ

Lord

Jesus – Universal Savior “Salvation is found in no one else, for there is no other name in heaven given to men by which we must be saved” Acts 4:12

Titles of Jesus – Prophet – Suffering Servant – High Priest – Teacher (Rabbi) – Shepherd

Jesus is the Christ • for the Greek Χριστός (Khristós) meaning "the anointed one". • of the Hebrew ַ‫( ָמ ִׁשיח‬Māšîaḥ), into English as Messiah or Mashiach. • within secular circles—the term usually refers explicitly to Jesus of Nazareth. • Christ Jesus, meaning "The Messiah Jesus". • Followers of Jesus - known as Christians for they believe out of Christian doctrine that Jesus is the Christ, or Christos, or Christian Messiah, therefore they often call him Jesus Christ, meaning Jesus is the Christos.

prophet

priest

king

Jesus is the Christ Prophet – to proclaim the word of God with authority to accompany this word with signs and wonders – to suffer a martyr’s fate, death.

Jesus is the Christ Priest • to mediate and bridge man to the Divine • takes charge in offering to God sacrifices that man may offer to connect to God. • (NT) proclaims Jesus as the unique Mediator of the New Covenant between God and humankind

Jesus is the Christ King • doing the will of the Father, in obeying the Father’s will, since he is one with the Father. • his power as a king is spelled in his “powerlessness” through dying on the cross. • taught that a king is somebody who takes responsibility to save all members of the kingdom even up to death. • taught them that a king is willing to serve

Jesus as God Among Us Son of God • “You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased” (Mk 1:11) Word – Logos • He is the fullness of God’s message as well as God’s ultimate and perfect messenger. • He perfectly and completely reveals the fullness of God. • Hee acts as mediator between God and man

Jesus is Lord Lord – implies ownership or being master of something • the title attributes honor, dignity and respect to the person concerned. • Greek word “kyrios” refers to someone who is a ruler or one in control over things. • Hebrew word is “Adonai” • “Lord” implies admission that He is the supreme owner and master of our lives and, as such, He deserves our obedience, submission, loyalty and reverence.

Other Titles of Jesus Son of David (Mk 10: 47ff) Jesus of Nazareth (Acts 2:22) New Adam (1 Cor 15:22) Stone Rejected by the Builders (Acts 4:11) Son of Mary (Mk. 6:3) King of the Jews (Mt 27:37) Ransom (1 Tim 2:6) Lion of the Tribe of Judah (Rev 5:5) Our Passover (1 Cor 5:7) The Way, the Truth and the Life (Jn 14:6) The Light of the World (Jn 8:`12) The Bread of Life (Jn 6:35) Living Water (Jn 4:14) Lamb of God (Jn 1:29)

The Good Shepherd (Jn 10:11) The True Vine (Jn 15:1-7) Judge of the Living and the Dead (Ac6ts 17:30) The First Fruit (1 Cor 15:22-23) The Resurrection and Life (Jn 11:25) Word of God (Rev 19:13) The Alpha and Omega (Rev 1:8) Mediator (1 Tim 2:5) Daybreak (Lk 1:78) Door/Gate (Jn 10:7) Eternal Life (1 Jn 1:2, 5:20) King of Kings (1 Tim 6:15, Rev 17:14) Prince of Peace (Is 9:6) Leader and Perfecter of Faith (Heb 12:2) Consolation of Israel (Lk 2:25)

Who is Jesus?

1.Universal Savior 2.The Christ 3.God Among Us 4.Lord

Faith Proclamations of Jesus for Filipino Catholics

Jesus in the Filipino Context • The way Filipinos understand and relate to Christ has been influenced by “our personal and national historical experiences of pain and struggle, of victory and celebration. • It is also marked by our deep devotion to Jesus’ Mother, Mary our Mother, too, and Model” (CFC 31). • These experiences have somehow defined, clarified and shaped our unique identity as persons, as Christians, as Filipinos, and as a nation”

What it means to be a Filipino Catholic? To discover and proclaim Jesus Christ in our personal and national culture 1. From whom do we naturally draw our selfidentity? 2. Where do find the deepest meaning in our lives? 3. How do we react to suffering? 4. How do we commit ourselves to our ideals in life?

5. What is our view of the world in all its depth and hidden reality?

A.

FILIPINO CHARACTERISTICS

FAMILY-ORIENTEDNESS Positive: It provides the basic sense of belonging, stability and security. Negative: It cultivates individualism, “unhealthy” competition, indifference.

MEAL-ORIENTEDNESS Positive: It showcases our fiesta-loving attitude and hospitality. Negative: It tends to be expensive and extravagant and promotes materialistic and consumeristic attitude.

KUNDIMAN-ORIENTEDNESS Positive: It fosters peace, forgiveness, reconciliation and the spirit of sacrifice. Negative: It creates passivity, false martyrdom and masochistic attitude.

BAYANI-ORIENTEDNESS Positive: It advocates selfsacrifice, commitment, leadership, initiatives, and helpfulness. Negative: It motivates “messianic attitude.”

SPIRIT-ORIENTEDNESS Positive: It reflects openness to the “unknown” and powerful being beyond us. Negative: It promotes superstition, idolatrous beliefs and practices.

B.

FILIPINO CATHOLICS

C.

POPULAR FILIPINO IMAGES OF CHRIST

D.

CATHOLIC BELIEFS ABOUT JESUS

They are baptized disciples of Jesus Christ, an adopted sons or daughters of God and members of the Church, the Body of Christ, inspired by Mary , our Mother.

STO. NIÑO

They find meaning in sharing in an ecclesial fellowship with one another and with Christ in life and in the breaking of the bread around the table of the Lord.

BREAD OF LIFE

They are sustained and strengthened by the Crucified Savior in facing the sufferings and hardships of life and receives forgiveness of his sins through the Sacraments.

SUFFERING SERVANT

They commit themselves to the Risen Lord and his mission through the gift of Faith, celebrated in great hope in the Sacraments. They live out his Christian life in love and service for one’s neighbors with the inspiring presence of Mary as his Mother and Model. They are promised of His Spirit, sent into their hearts .God gives them new life and draws them into the church, the community of disciples.

SAVIOR

He is our brother who brings us into the family of God and gives us a new identity by virtue of our baptism. As a Son of Man, He gives us Mary our Mother in grace. He is the host, the food and the guest in the breaking of bread who teaches us the spirit of sharing and simplicity; He nourishes our souls and liberates us from every slavery to evil and sin. He identifies Himself with the least of His brethren and lays down His life in total commitment to justice, truth, and love

He calls us to a genuine spirit of heroism which is leadership by example and leadership of service.

MIRACLE WORKER He forms his “worldvision” led by the Spirit of the Risen Christ, experienced in the Christian community, the Church, which sustains us in our pilgrimage of life-inChrist.

What it means to be Filipino Catholic? Filipino Liturgical and Devotional Celebrations 1. Simbang Gabi/Missa de Gallo

a novena of dawn masses from December 16 to Christmas Eve. Attending the Mass is meant to show devotion to God and heightened anticipation for the birth of Jesus and the folk belief that God grants the special wish of a devotee that hears all nine Masses

2. Sinulog

the Feast of the Santo Niño (Christ Child) on the third Sunday of January

3. Pasyon

Philippine epic narrative of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Christ.

4. Sinakulo (Passion Plays)

using decades-old or even centuries-old scripts derived from the Bible and folk tradition that were later set down in poetic or prosaic form

5. Caracol Festival

is the Filipino’s celebration of their resilience and love for neighbors even during hard times

6. Salubong/Sugat

an Easter Sunday pre-dawn ritual or ceremony that reenacts the Risen Christ's meeting with His mother

Popular Images of Jesus in the Philippines

Christ the King (Kristo Hari)

Black Nazarene

Santo Entiero (The body of the Dead Christ in the Tomb)

Sacred Heart of Jesus

Divine Mercy

Cultural Values and Implications of Jesus in the lives of Filipinos Dependence of God

Hope in God’s Grace

Maka-Diyos

Trust and Perseverance to God’s Mercy

Submission to God’s Will

“The Holy Spirit will come on you, and God’s power will rest upon you. For this reason THE HOLY CHILD will called the Son of God.” Lk. 1:35 El Espíritu Santo vendrá sobre ti, y el poder de Dios descansará sobre ti. Por esta razón EL SANTO HIJO llamará al Hijo de Dios “El Spiritu Santo vendra sobre ti, y el poder del Altisimo tu cubrira con susombre. Asi que al SANTO NIÑO queva a nacer lo llmaran Hijo de Dios.”