Rain Detector.docx

Rain detector alarm Abstract Rain Alarm Project is a very useful project that detects Rain (Rain Water) and automatically triggers an alarm or buzzer. Water is a basic need in every one’s life. Saving water and proper usage of water is very important. Here is an project which will give the alarm when there is rain, so that we can make some actions for rain water harvesting and also save the rain water for using it later. Rain water detector will detect the rain and make an alert; rain water detector is used in the irrigation field, home automation, communication, automobiles etc. Here is the simple and reliable circuit of rain water detector which can be constructed at low cost

Block Diagram The block diagram of the Rain Alarm Project The three main components of the project are the Rain Water Sensor, 555 Timer IC and Buzzer.

When the Rain Water Sensor detects the Rain, it sends a signal to the 555 Timer. The 555 Timer IC, which is configured in its Astable Mode, will then activate the Buzzer.

Circuit Diagram The circuit diagram for the Rain Alarm Project

Components Required                   

1 x Small Rain Sensor 1 x 555 Timer IC 1 x BC548 NPN Transistor 2 x 2N2222 NPN Transistor 1 x Bright White LED 1x 1N4007 PN Junction Diode 1 x 220 KΩ Resistor (1/4 Watt) 1 x 330 Ω Resistor (1/4 Watt) 1 x 10 KΩ Resistor (1/4 Watt) 1 x 470 KΩ Resistor (1/4 Watt) 2 x 3.3 KΩ Resistor (1/4 Watt) 1 x 68 KΩ Resistor (1/4 Watt) 1 x 22 µF Capacitor (Polarized) 2 x 100 µF Capacitor (Polarized) 1 x 10nF Ceramic Capacitor (Code – 103) 1 x 100pF Ceramic Capacitor (Code – 101) 1 x Buzzer (or Speaker – 8Ω) Connecting Wires 12v power supply

Working of the Circuit The working of the simple Rain Sensor Alarm Circuit Project. When rain falls on the sensor, the Aluminium Wires on the Sensor Board will start conducting and close the path between the supply and base of the transistor Q2. As a result, the Transistor Q2 will turn ON, which will also turn ON the Transistor Q1. This will turn ON the Bright White LED connected to the emitter of the Transistor Q1. When the transistor Q2 is saturated, the capacitor C1 will be shorted and will make the transistor Q3 to be turned ON. C1 will get charged by the resistor R4. When the Transistor Q3 reaches the saturation mode, the Reset Pin of the 555 Timer IC, which is connected to the emitter of Q3, will be made positive. The 555 timer is configured in Astable Mode. As the Reset pin of the 555 Timer IC is given positive voltage, it becomes active and we will get a Pulse signal at the output pin 3 of the 555 Timer IC. This will turn ON the buzzer and the alarm is activated. Capacitor C4, which is connected in between the Pin 3 of 555 timer and the speaker, will block the DC signal and allows only the variations in the signal which makes the speaker to make sound. The diode D1 will not allow any reverse current from the timer. Because of the resistor R4 and capacitor C1, when the capacitor is completely charged, the transistor Q3 will get in to cut – off mode after sometime. As a result, the Reset pin of the 555 Timer IC will not receive any positive voltage and the speaker will stop making sound. The time for 555 Timer to make speaker sound depends on the values of C1 and R4. When there is no rain, the aluminium wire on the sensor will not conduct as they do not have any conduction path (open circuit). As a result, the sensor cannot trigger the 555 Timer IC and there will be no alarm.

Rain Alarm Project Circuit Applications: 1. In the irrigation, it will detect the rain and immediately alert the farmer. 2. In automobiles, when the rain detector detects the rain it will immediately active the wipers and inform the driver. 3. In communications, it will boost the power of the antenna and increase the signal strength to send or receive the signals. 4. In normal house hold, with the help of rain water detector we can automatically save the rain water.