Quran And Science

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh rsufarSmufacwfodyÜHynm

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In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

tvGefw&moem;Muifem n§mwmawmfrlaom? txl;oem;awmfrlaom? tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\emrawmfjzifhtpjyKygtHh/

q&mrBu;D a'gufwmvSv0S if;

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usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef ESifh rsufarSmufacwfodyÜHynm

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q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if; B.A(Geo;), B. Ed, M.Ed, Ph.D (Edn) (Tsukuba University, Janpan), Diploma in Daiyah (Al-Azahar)

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh rsufarSmufacwfodyÜHynm

Holy Quran and Modren Science Edited by Maulawi Muhammad Yasinn Bin Badi-ul-Huseinn

Author

Dr. Maurice Bucaille

Translated by

Dr. Hla Hla Win B.A(Geo;), B.Ed, MEd, Ph.D (Edn) (Tsukuba University, Japan), Diploma in Daiyah (Al-Azahar, Yangon)

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q&mrBu;D a'gufwmvSv0S if;

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rmwdum taMumif;t&m á rmwdum----------------------------------------------ápum;cs;D ------------------------------------------------á usr;f jrwfu&k t f mefEiS hf rsuaf rSmufacwfoyd yHÜ nm------á usr;f jrwfu&k t f mefukd em;vnf&efvt kd yfaom pG,pf u Hk sr;f qdik &f mtodynm--------------------------á pMu0Vmtm; zefqif;jcif;------------------------------á tmumoodyÜHynm tvif;a&mifEiS hf a½GUvsm;jcif;-------------------------á urÇmN*Kd vf ---------------------------------------------á vlom;tm;zefqif;jcif; --------------------------------á uk&t f mefusr;f ESio hf r®musr;f ---------------------------á 0[Dusjcif;jzpfpOfukd rD;armif;xd;k jyjcif; -----------------á touf[o l nf ----------------------------------------á vlom;rsK;d EG,f -----------------------------------------á xm0&bk&m;ocifuay;xm;aom vrf;ñTerf -l --------á usr;f pmxkwjf yefycYkd sjcif; --------------------------------á aemufq;Hk usr;f pmusa&mufjcif; ------------------------á rSeu f efaMumif; prf;ppfEikd o f nfh pHEeI ;f rsm;----------------á usK;d aMumif; qifjcifrEI iS hf jynfph aHk om oifMum;jcif;-----á Ny;D jynfph jHk cif;---------------------------------------------á '@m&DyjHk yifvnf;r[kwf bmoma&;t,lonfrh rl sm;vnf;r[kw-f ---------------á odyeHÜ nf;usus prf;ppfEikd jf cif;-----------------------------á BuKd wifa[mude;f xkwjf cif; -----------------------------á vlom;\ ,SONf yKd iEf ikd jf cif;rS uif;vGwjf cif; ------------------------------------------

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usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh rsufarSmufacwfodyÜHynm

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pum;csD; a'gufwm arm&pfpfAkukdifvfonf xif&Sm;ausmfMum;aom jyifopfvlrsKd; cGpJ w d u f q k &m0efwpfO;D jzpfovdk odyyHÜ nm&Siw f pfO;D vnf;jzpfonf/ xdjYk yif THE BIBLE, THE QURAN AND SCIENCE (bdi kb f ,fv?f uk&t f mefEiS hf odyyHÜ nm) [laom *sL;ESihf c&pf,mef0g'rsm;ESiyhf wfoufaom bk&m;ocif\ xkwjf yefcsurf sm; qdik &f m okawoe awGU&Scd surf sm;yg0ifonfph mtkyu f kd a&;om;jyKpck ahJ om pmay ynm&SifwpfOD;vnf; jzpfayonf/ þpmwrf;onf bmoma&;ESifh odyÜHynm e,fy,ftwGuf tao;pdwaf vhvmNy;D tusKd ;jyKEidk pf rG ;f &Sad om wpfcw k nf;aom pmwrf; jzpfonf/ olonf xif&mS ;í xl;cReaf jymifajrmufonfh odyyHÜ nm&Siw f pfO;D jzpfonft h m;avsmpf mG zm½db k &k ifwpfyg;jzpfonfh Merneptah \½kyt f avmif;aumif udk avhvmprf;ppf okawoejyK&ef a&G;cs,jf cif; cHc&hJ ygonf/ ol aqmf't D ma& AD;,m;EdkifiHodkY oGm;a&mufvnfywfcJhpOfumvtwGif; usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ tcsdKUaom tm,ofawmfrsm;udk jyoay;aomaMumifh Munfh&IavhvmcGifh &cJh onf/ xdktm,ofawmfrsm;wGif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfu zm½dkbk&if\ ½kyf tavmif;aumifukd aemifvmaemufom;rsm;twGuf oufaovu©Pmtjzpf rysufrpD; xdef;odrf;xm;rnf[k twdtvif; ajymqdkxm;NyD;jzpfonfudkvnf; awG½Y cdS &hJ onf/ c&pf,mefbmom0ifvnf;jzpf? bufrvdu k w f wfaom odyyHÜ nm&Siv f nf;jzpfaom a'gufwmAkukdif;vftwGuf or®musrf;pmtwGif; wrefawmfrlpm (Moses) \aemufodkY vkdufvH&if; yifv,feDtwGif; a&jrKyfaoqHk;cJh&onfh zm½dkbk&if \ZmwfaMumif;udk aumif;pGm uRrf;usifwwfajrmufxm;NyD;jzpfonf/ rMum ao;cifumvtxdyif urÇmu rodao;aom usr;f jrwfu&k t f mefrS wrefawmf rlpmvufxuf xdzk m½db k &k if (Merneptah) \ ½kyt f avmif;udk rysurf pD;atmif xdef;odrf;xm;rnf[laom wdusonfh BudKwifa[mudef;xkwfxm;aom taMumif;udk auseyf tHMh opGmESihf odvu kd &f ayonf/ þtaMumif;t&m tjzpftysufonfum; a'gufwmAkukdvftm; tm&AD bmompum;udk oif,lNyD;aemuf uk&ftmefusrf;jrwfudk aphpyfaocsmpGm avhvmapaom taMumif;w&m;yifjzpfonf/ ol\ uk&ftmefusrf;jrwfESifh

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or®musrf;wdkYukd EdIif;,SOfavhvmrIrS aemufqHk;aumufcsufrSm - usrf;jrwf uk&t f mefrS odyq HÜ idk &f m taMumif;csi;f &mrsm; ESiyhf wfoufaom zGi[ hf ajymqdck suf rsm;onf acwfrDodyÜH ynm&yfrsm;ESifh jynfh0pGmudkufnDNyD; or®musrf;rS zGifh[ ajymqdkcsufrsm;onfum; odyÜHenf;us vHk;0 vufcHEkdifbG,fr&Sd[laomtcsuf yifwnf;/ ,ck pm½Iolzwfaeaom þpmtkyfi,frSm vef'efEdkifiH&Sd "eo[m, wuúov kd w f iG f a'gufwmAkuidk ;f vfu, kd w f idk u f usr;f jrwfu&k t f mefEiS hf rsuaf rmuf acwfodyÜH[laom bmom&yftwGuf ay;cJhaom a[majymydkYcsrI rSwfpkjzpfNyD; ¤if;pmtkyif ,frS tpövmrfwnf;[laom xm0&opömw&m;udk vrf;ñTejf yoay; ygvdrrhf nf/ usrf;jrwfu&k t f mefEiS rhf sufarSmufacwfoyd yHÜ nm 1976 ckEpS ?f Ek0d ifbmv (9)&ufaeYwiG f jyifopfaq;ody[ HÜ al omae&mü olrwl wrlxl;jcm;vSaom a[majymydkYcsrIwpfck jyKvkyfcJhayonf/ þa[majymydkYcsrI pmwrf;\acgif;pOfrmS ]] usr;f jrwfu&k t f mefwiG f yg&Sad om ZD0ur®EiS hf oaE¨om; aA'qdik &f m tcsut f vuftaMumif;csi;f &mrsm; }} [líjzpfonf/ uREykf f taeESihf usr;f jrwfu&k t f mef\ ZD0ur®aA'ESihf rsKd ;yGm;jcif;qdik &f m aocsmaom azmfjycsuf rsm;ESifhywfoufí avhvmawGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk wifjyvdkygonf/ ,ckuJodkU wifjy&onfh &nf&, G cf suu f m; txufazmfjyyg ynm&yfrsm;ESiyhf wfoufaom ,aeY uREkfyfwdkY\ todynm? A[kokwrsm; wpfenf;qdkaomf (usrf;jrwf uk&t f mefukd xkwjf yefycYkd scahJ om tcsed u f mvrSmuwnf;u ,ck rsuaf rmufacwf umvrSmrS &SmazGawGU&SdEkdifhonfh tcsuftvufrsm;? tawG;tac: t,ltq rsm;onf xdk ]uk&ftmef}usrf;pmtkyfwGif yg0ifaeaMumif;udk xkwfazmfwifjy vdkonfhtwGufaMumifh jzpfygonf/ trSefyif uk&ftmefusrf;ay:aygufpOfacwfumvu vlom;rsm;odaeonhf todxuf a&SUodkY ydkwdk;wufaeaom ynma&;tajctaersm; ,cifh,cif acwfumvrsm;u ra&;cJ?h rvkyEf idk cf b hJ ;l qdw k mudk vuf&t dS odynmawGU&Scd suf rsm;ESihf usr;f jrwfu&k t f mefudk wdu k q f ikd f ppfaq;Munfrh o S m odem;vnfEikd rf nf

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh rsufarSmufacwfodyÜHynm

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jzpfonf/ xdt Yk jyif or®musr;f ("r®a[mif;usr;f ? "r®opfusr;f )twGi;f yg0ifaom qifwo l nfh tcsut f vufrsm;ESihf uk&t f mefusr;f udk EdiI ;f ,SOaf vhvmrIonfvnf; auseyfz, G f jzpfayonf/ þonfrSm wpfqlwnf;aombk&m;udk udk;uG,fjcif;qdkif&m jrifjh rwfaom usr;f pmtoD;oD;&Sd tcsKd Uaom pmyd'k rf sm;ESihf acwfopftodynm rsm;\ xdyw f u kd &f ifqikd rf rI sm;udk prf;ppfavhvmrIqikd &f m vkyif ef;pOfukd jzpfay: apaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ þonfwdkY\ tusdK;quf &vm'frSmum; " The Bible, the Quran and Science " [laom pmtkyfwpftkyf a&;om;xkwfa0Edkif cJhjcif;yifjzpfygonf/ þpmtkyf\ yxrqHk;jyifopfbmomESifh a&;om; xkwaf 0rIonf 1976 ckEpS ?f arvtwGi;f xGuaf y:cJyh gonf/ (Seglers, Paris)/ t*Fvyd b f momESihf t&ADbmomjyefrsm;udv k nf; ,cktcg a&;om;xkwaf 0Ny;D jzpfonf/ tpövmrfu tNrJwap vufcHxm;ouJhodkY bmomw&m; ESifh odyÜHynmonf trTmnDtpfr jzpfonf [laomtcsufonf txufygpmtkyfxGufay: vmaomtcg xl;qef;tHMh obG,&f m r[kwaf wmhay/ ,aeY rsuaf rSmufumv odyyHÜ nm\ Bu;D rm;tHMh obG,f wk;d wufaom ajcvSr;f rsm;vSr;f aeaomtcsed w f iG f usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ azmfjycsufrsm;udk ydkrdkem;vnfoabmaygufEdkif&ef wdusaocsmaom odyÜHqdkif&mtcsuftvufrsm;tm; toHk;jyKí usrf;jrwf uk&ftmef\ azmfjycsufrsm;ukd wGJzuf avhvm&ef ydkí ydkí vkdtyfaMumif;udk twdtvif; azmfñTef;aeayonf/ xyfíajym&vQif &mpkESpfwpfpktwGif; rsm;jym;vSpmG aom odyyHÜ nmqdik &f m awGU&Scd surf sm;onf bmoma&; ,HMk unfcsuf rsm;udk tqH;k oyf apcJah omfvnf; tpövmrfbmomqdik &f m xkwaf zmfcsurf sm;\ "r®"d|mefusaom prf;ppfa0zefrIrsm;u 0[Dusjcif; (usrf;pmusa&mufjcif;)\ tcsdKUaomu@&yfrsm;wGif obm0vGef t&nftaoG;rsm; yg&SdaeaMumif;udk rD;armif;xd;k jycJjh cif;yif jzpfonf/ tm;vHk;aom okawoersm;jyKvkyfNyD; vltrsm;em;vnfatmif a,bk,sjyK rSwcf sucf s&rnfqakd omf odyq HÜ idk &f m &SmazGawGU&Scd surf sm;tm;vH;k onf (tEIid ;f rJh uk;d uG,&f mt&Si)f wnf&adS ejcif;[laomtcsuu f kd qifjcifo;kH oyf&ef jrifrh m;pGm

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q&mrBu;D a'gufwmvSv0S if;

tusKd ;jzpfxeG ;f aponf[al omtcsuyf if jzpfonf/ ,aeY rsufarSmufacwfumv\ tcsdKUaom ynmA[kokwrsm;ESifhywfoufí bufrvkdufaom tmCmwuif;aomenf;vrf;ESifh obm0vGeft&mrsm; avhvmawGU&Scd surf sm;udk uREykf w f b Ykd mom prf;ppfonfEiS hf wNyKd ief uf (Oyrm touf&iS jf cif; jyóemESiyhf wfoufí tvGew f &m ao;i,fvaS om uREykf w f \ Ykd todynmonfyifvQif) usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ vrf;aMumif;twkdif; awG;ac: pOf;pm; qifjcifjcif;onf trSew f u,fvo kd nf[al om taMumif;w&m;rsm;udk &SmazGawGU&Sv d mayrnf/ vlom;\ arG;zGm;jcif;? ¤if;\ touf&Sifoefjcif;ESifh b0udkxdef;odrf; apmifha&Smufxm;onfh xl;jcm;aom tpkta0;BuD;wpf&yftaMumif; uREfkyfwdkY awG;awmqifjcifMuaomtcg? wpfenf;qdkaomf þbmom&yfe,fy,fESifh ywfoufaom uREykf w f \ Ykd todynm A[kow k rsm; us,jf yefv Y monfEiS t hf rQ vlom;\b0 toufonf tvdt k avsmuf jzpfvmonf[al om ,lqcsu\ f aocsmrIyrmPonf enf;onfxuf enf;vmonf[al om tcsuyf ifjzpfonf/ þudpöESifhywfoufí tcsdKUaom todonmrsm;\ vufcHEdkifbG,fr&Sdonfh 'D*&DrSm wjznf;jznf; jrifhwufvmaejcif;yifjzpfonf/ Oyrm - jyifopfvlrsdK; aq;ynmqkdif&m Edkb,fqk&Sif\ a&SUwef;wif t,ltqjzpfonfh ouf&Sd ypönf;rsm;onf rdrdbmom zefwD;jzpfay:aomt&mjzpfNyD; ¤if;onf ¤if;\ rlv"mwfobm0ypön;f udt k ajccHNy;D jyifyrS oufa&mufaom wpfpw kH &maom MoZmvTr;f rd;k rIaMumifh rawmfwq wdu k q f ikd f jzpfay:vmonf[al om todonm rsm;jzpfonf/ þ,lqcsurf S ckid rf mpGm ajymqdEk ikd af omtcsurf mS txufazmfjyyg tajctaerS ouf&dS ½kyo f bm0ypön;f (Living Organism) rsm; jzpfay:vmNy;D xkdrSwpfqifh xl;jcm;½IwfaxG;onfh vl[laom ½kyfowå0gtjzpfodkY jzpfay: a&muf&v dS monf[al om ,lqcsuyf ifjzpfonf/ uREykf t f wGurf u l m; odyyHÜ nm qdkif&m zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIrsm;u (tvGef tHhtm;oifhbG,faumif;aom? ½IwfaxG; vSonfh tqifhjrifhowå0gBuD; rsm;ESifhywfoufaom) em;vnfoabmaygufrI jzpfaponfhtjyif qefYusifbuf oDtdk&D oabmw&m;udk jyif;xefpGm jiif;cHak prIuv kd nf; jzpfay:apcJo h nf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifq h &dk aomf ouf&rdS sm;\ xl;jcm;aom tjzpftysufrsm;ü omrefxufvGefuJvSaom tzGJUtpnf;BuD;

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh rsufarSmufacwfodyÜHynm

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wpf&yf wnf&adS ejcif;yifjzpfonf/ (uk&ftmefusrf;) pmtkyf\ rsm;vSpGmaomu@rsm;wGif ½dk;&Sif;aoma0g[m& rsm;jzifh txufyguJhodkYaom a,bk,stm;jzifh tav;teuf pOf;pm;zG,f&m rsm;udk vrf;ñTefaeayonf/ odkYaomf ¤if;wGif ,aeY rsufarmufurÇm\ odyÜH ynm&SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;ESifh wdkuf½dkufqufEG,faeaom tuefYtowfrJh ydkíwdusonfh tcsuftvufrsm;yg&Sdaeayonf/ þodkYaom tcsuftvuf rsm;aMumifh ,aeY acwfoyd yHÜ nm&yfay:wGif usr;f jrwfu&k t f mef\ qGaJ qmifrI onf oHvkdufuJhokdY tm;aumif;vSayonf/

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefudk em;vnf&ef vdktyfaom pG,pf u kH srf;qdik &f m todynmA[kow k rsm; rsm;jym;vSaom &mpkESpfrsm;twGuf vlom;wGif vHkavmufaom odyÜHynmqdkif&m enf;vrf;rsm; rod&Sdao;aomaMumifh uk&ftmefusrf;jrwf twGif;yg&Sdaom pG,fpHkusrf;qdkif&m todynmrsm;udk avhvm pl;prf;EdkifcJhjcif; r&SdcJhay/ ,aeYacwfumvusrSomvQif usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ ajrmufjrm; vSpGmaom tm,ofawmfrsm;rSm obm0w&m;\ taMumif;csif;&mrsm;ESifh ywfoufaeaMumif;udk jynf0h pGm oabmaygufem;vnfEikd cf MhJ uonf/ uREykf t f aeESihf rdred m;vnfoavmuf ajymEdik w f muawmh tcef;u@tvdu k f todynmrsm; aeYpOf ESit hf rQ wpf&edS x f ;kd wk;d wufaewJh 'D (20)&mpkEpS t f wGi;f rSm omrefoyd yHÜ nm&Siw f pfO;D taeESihf txl;jyK okawoe vkyx f m;wJh t&if;tjrpf awGr&Sb d EJ iS hf usr;f jrwfu&k t f mefxrJ mS 'Du@awG ynm&yfawG ESiyhf wfoufwhJ azmfjycsuaf wGukd zwfMunf½h rkH QEiS hf em;vnfbq Ydk w kd m tvGef rvG,u f b l ;l qdw k hJ tcsuyf gbJ/ 'Dqv dk ckd suu f awmh wpfpkH wpfa,muftaeESihf pG,pf u kH sr;f uJo h aYkd om A[kow k &Srd o S mvQif usr;f jrwfu&k t f mef \ ynm&yfqikd &f m tm,ofawmfrsm;udk em;vnfEikd rf mS jzpfNy;D xdAk [kow k onfvnf; rsm;ajrmifvaS om ynm&yfe,fy,f rsm;udk vTrf;NcHK qkyfudkifEdkifonfh pG,fpHkusrf;uJhodkYaom A[kokwrsdK; jzpfoifh ygonf/

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q&mrBu;D a'gufwmvSv0S if;

uREfkyftaeESifh ]]odyÜHynm}}qdkwJhpum;vHk;udk ckdifrmpGmxlaxmifxm;NyD;jzpfwJh ynm&yf e,fy,frsm;twGufom toHk;jyKrSm jzpfygw,f/ xdkYaMumifh uREfkyfu &nfñeT ;f vdak om ]]odyyHÜ nm}}wGiu f m; tcsed u f mvwpfct k wGuf tjzpftysuf taMumif;csi;f &mrsm;? taMumif;csi;f &mtwGrJ sm;udo k m &Si;f vif;jyEkid Nf y;D aemifwiG f jzpfEkdifacs&Sdaom odyÜHqkdif&m wdk;wufrIrsm;aMumifh xyfrH&Sif;vif;csufrsm; ay:xGufvmí pGefYy,fvdkuf&aomoDtkd&Drsm; ryg0ifay/ tajccHtm;jzifh uREfkyfjyKvkyfr,fh EdIif;,SOf avhvmcsufrSm uk&ftmefusrf;\ zGifh[ajymqdk aMujimcsufrsm;ESifh aemufxyf aqG;aEG;jiif;cHkbG,f r&Sdawmhaom A[kokw? ynm&yfe,fy,frsm;twGuo f m qdv k ykd gw,f/ uREykf f taeESihf odyyHÜ nm&yfqikd &f m taMumif;tcsuw f pfcu k kd xkwaf zmfygu ¤if;tcsuo f nf 100% raocsmao;? twnfrjyK&ao;vQifawmifrS uREfkyfu þtcsufudk &Sif;vif;atmif wifjy oGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/ usr;f jrwfu&k t f mefwiG f azmfjyxm;aom zGi[ hf a&;om;csurf sm;teuf ,aeYacwf odyÜHynmESifh aocsmrI &Sd ? r&Sd wdkufqdkifppfaq;rI? twnfjyKrIrjyK&ao;aom Oyrmrsm;rSm tvGef&Sm;yg;vSygw,f/ uREfkyf&nfñTef;csifwmuawmh þ wifjyrIrsm;udk ckid rf maom taxmuftxm;rsm;ESihf ñTe;f qkjd yrnf jzpfaomaMumifh ¤if;wdkY\ xif&Sm;aom oufao om"ursm;tm; odyÜHynm&Sifrsm;taeESifh tvGefjzpfEdkifaom taxmuftxm;rsm;[k qifjcifoifhygw,f/ Oyrmwpfck jyK&rnfqdkvQif usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif touf\rlvtponf a&jzpfonf [laomtcsufESifh tjcm;wpfcsufrSm pMu0VmBuD;xJwGif uREfkyfwdkY urÇmESifh qifwlaom N*dK[frsm; tjcm;wpfae&m&mwGif &Sdonf[laom tcsufrsm; yg0ifaejcif;yifjzpfonf/ rnfodkYqkdapumrl odyÜHqkdif&m xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;rIrsm;twGuf uk&ftmefudk &nfñeT ;f Edik af omfvnf; ,if;onf bmoma&;qdik &f m taumif;qH;k usr;f pmtkyf tjzpf wnf&SdaeaMumif;ESifh ¤if;pmtkyftm; odyÜHynmqdkif&mpmtkyf tjzpf rarQmfvifhoifhay/ vlom;taeESifh xm0&bk&m;ocif\ zefwD;jcif; (0g) zefqif;jcif; ESiyhf wfoufí tav;teuf pOf;pm;bdYk awmif;qdjk cif;cH&wJt h cgrSm olt Y aeESihf avhvmpl;prf;Edik w f hJ obm0taMumif;csi;f &mrsm; trsm;Bu;D &Sad eyg w,f/ txl;ojzifh xm0&bk&m;ocif&JU bkef;awmfteEÅ&Sdjcif;ESifhywfoufNyD;

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh rsufarSmufacwfodyÜHynm

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tav;teufxm; wifjyEkid b f rYdk mS txufyg obm0&JU xl;jcm;wJh jzpfpOfjzpf&yf awGukd xm0&bk&m;ocifu ol&Y UJ bke;f awmfteEÅwefc;kd awmfukd odap&eftvdiYk mS xif&mS ;wJh &nf&, G cf suEf iS hf jyKvyk x f m;w,fqw kd t hJ csuf jzpfygw,f/ þodYk obm0w&m;&JU taMumif;csi;f &mawGay:rSm pOf;pm;a0zefjcif;tm;jzifh uREfkyfwdkYtaejzifh odyÜHynmqdkif&m A[kokw todynmawG[m xm0& bk&m;ocif&JU tjcm;aomyHkpHESifhay;xm;wJh vufaqmifrGefawGjzpfaMumif; oG,0f u kd af zmfjyaew,fqw kd mudk qifjcifrrd mS trSeyf ifjzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'Dvkd qifjcif oH;k oyfru I ae &vmwJh wefb;kd uawmh ½kyyf ikd ;f qdik &f m bk&m;rJ0h g'Drsm;u xm0&bk&m;ocifudk ,HkMunfjcif; tay:rSm y,fzsufNyD; (jiif;y,fNyD;) odyÜH qdkif&m tcsuftvufawGudkom ,HkMunfw,fqdkwJh oabmxufrsm;pGm omvGeaf wmufy0if;vif;aewmudk awGU&SEd idk rf ,fjzpfw,f/ uREykf t f aeESihf uREykf \ f okawoevkyif ef;pOfwavQmuf rdru d , dk u f rkd rd d tpOftNrJ bufrvdu k af om "r®"|d mefusaomoljzpfatmif BuKd ;pm;cJyh gw,f/ uREykf t f ae ESifh usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefudk avhvm&mrSmvnf; q&m0efwpfa,mufu vlem wpfa,muf&JU vlemrSwfwrf;zdkifudkzGifhNyD; awGU&wJhvu©PmawGudkMunfhNyD;rS a&m*gtrnf w yf o uJ h o d k Y wd u swJ h rS e f u ef w J h enf ; pepf E S i f h csOf ; uyf avhvmcJhw,fvdkY udk,fhudk,fudk ,Hkygw,f/ uREfkyftaeESifh 0efcH&r,fhtcsuf uawmh yxrqH;k uk&t f mefuakd vhvmjcif;[m tpövmrftay:rSm ,HMk unfjcif; qdkwJh ,HkMunfcsufaMumifhr[kwfbJ trSefw&m;udk &SmazGvdkwJhtwGuf ½dk;pif; aomokawoe vkyfMunfhjcif;bJ jzpfw,fqdkwJhtcsuf jzpfygw,f/ uREkfyf&Sm aewJh trSefw&m;ukd ,aeY uREkfyfjrif&ygNyD/ uREfkyf\ avhvmprf;ppfrI NyD;qkH;oGm;wJhtcsdefrSm awGU&SdodjrifoGm;wJh uREkfyf\ todynmtm;vkH;uae uREkfyftm; vrf;ñTefwJhtcsufuawmh ]uk&ftmefonf wrefawmf (0g) ya&mfzufrk[r®'fxHokdY xkwfjyef csrSwfjcif;cH&aom? 0[Dvrf;ñTefom jzpfonf[al om tcsuyf ifjzpfygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtaeESihf uk&ftmefusrf;\ xkwfjyef zGihf[aMujimcsufrsm;rSm ,aeYodyÜHqkdif&m trSefw&m;ukd ppfaq;azmfxkwfay;aom rSwfwrf;om jzpfonf[k ,lqoihfNyD;? a&S;,cifvlom;rsm;taeESihf xkdacwfxkdtcgu &SdcJh aom vlom;tqifhESihftnD em;vnfEkdifaom odomxif&Sm;onfh Oyrm

12

q&mrBu;D a'gufwmvSv0S if;

aqmifaom tajctaerSmom &Scd ahJ Mumif; em;vnfxm;oifyh gw,f/ þudp&ö yf rsm;ESifh ywfoufí b,fvt dk ajctaeESifh pdwu f ;l pdwo f ef;rsm;jzifh ykaH zmfMunfh EkdifygovJ/ usrf;awmf\ rl&if;pmom;rsm;wGif aemifwGifjzpfay:vmaom ajymif;vJrI wpkHw&m&Sdaeygovm;/ usrf;pmwGif rxifr&Sm;jyKjyif ajymif;vJrI rsm;onf vlom;rsm; pdwBf uKu d f BuK;d qG&J mvku d í f jyKjyifzefw;D rIrsm;rS vGwaf jrmuf Ekdifyg ovm;/ tenf;i,frQaom pmom;\ ajymif;vJrIrsm;onf ¤if;wkdY\ xif&Sm;aom a&SUaemufnDjcif;ESihf t&nftcsif;rsm; tvkdtavsmufysufpD;apEkdifNyD;? uREkfyfwkdYtm; acwfodyÜHESihf ukdufnDaom ¤if;pmom;rsm;\ qkdvkd&if; t"dyÜg,frsm;ukd em;vnfEkdifrIrS [efYwm;ayrnf/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif ysUH usw J nf&adS eaom zGi[ hf azmfjycsurf sm;onf bufvu dk jf cif;r&Sad om avhvm prf;ppfow l pfO;D tm; ¤if;prf;ppfrrI sm;\ rSeu f efru I dk rSwaf usmufwifay;onfh xif&mS ;aom oufaotrSwt f om;tjzpf &Sad eygonf/ uk&ftmef\ a[mMum;csufrsm;rSm tESpf (20)ywf0ef;usif umvtwGif; vlom;tm; xkwfjyefykdYcsay;aom 0[Dvrf;ñTefusrf;jzpfygw,f/ ,if;uJhokdY xkwfjyefykdYcs&mwGif [pf*s&D ckESpf\ wpfzufpDwGif wlnDaom twkdif;twm&Sd tcsdefumvukd Mumanmif;apcJhygw,f/ þtcsufukdMunfhjcif;tm;jzifh? þusr;f wpfcv k ;Hk wGif odyq HÜ idk &f mtjrifawG? ½Iaxmifah wGusjJ yefu Y sa&mufcw hJ ,f qkw d t hJ csuu f dk pOf;pm;a0zefMunfv h Qif obm0usw,fqw dk m od&EdS idk yf gw,f/ uREyfk af vhvmcJah om qnf;yl;rIwiG f uREyfk w f t Ydk aeESifh uk&t f mefusr;f awmfwiG f yg0ifaom pl&m[f (u@)rsm;tvku d f pkpnf;í bmom&yftvku d ?f acgif;pOfrsm; tvku d f tkypf rk sm;jyefcNJG y;D avhvm&ef vkt d yfayonf/ þokdYaom bmom&yfrsm;? tpkta0;rsmukd rnfokdYcGJjcm;Murnfenf;/ uk&ftmefusrf;awmfwGifum; þu@rsm;ESihfywfoufí oD;oefYcGJjcm;&ef xl;jcm;aom ñTeMf u;csurf sm; rawGU&S&d yg/ xkaYd Mumifh uREyfk t f aeESifh uk&t f mef\ zGifh[ajymMum;csufrsm;ukd bmom&yftvkduf uREkfyfukd,fykdif t,ltqt& cGjJ crf;xm;aom bmom&yf acgif;pOfrsm;tjzpf wifjyvkyd gw,f/ yxrOD;qkH; uREkfyfwifjyoifhwJh acgif;pOfuawmh "The Creation " ac: ]xm0&bk&m;ocif\ zefqif;jcif;} taMumif;ygbJ/ þtaMumif;t&mESifh

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh rsufarSmufacwfodyÜHynm

13

ywfoufí pMu0Vmukd zefqif;jcif;[laomudpö&yfESihf oufqkdifaom ,aeY trsm;vufcHxm;onfh t,ltqrsm;ukd usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ usrf;ykd'fawmf rsm;ESihf EIdif;,SOf ppfaq;avhvmEkdifonf/ xkdYaemuf usrf;ykd'fawmfrsm;ukd atmufazmfjyyg a,bk,sacgif;pOfrsm;ESihf cGJjcm; avhvmEkdifonf/ tmumo odyHÜ (0g) eu©waå A'ynm? urÇmN*Kd [?f wd&pämefavmuESifh opfyifyef;refaf vmu? vlom;ESifh vlom;\ rsK;d yGm;jcif; ponfwYdk jzpfonf/ vlom;\ rsK;d yGm;jcif; (0g) rsK;d qufjzefjY cif;[laom bmom&yfrmS usr;f jrwfu&k t f mefrS txl;ta&;ygaom oD;jcm;csrSwfxm;onfh u@vnf; jzpfayonf/ azmfjyyg bmom&yfrsm;\ acgif;pOfrsm;wGif aemufxyfacgif;pOf cGrJ sm; acgif;pOfi,frsm; rsm;pGmxyfrcH jJG cm; Ekid yf gao;w,f/ a&SUqufí wifjy&rnfqadk omf uk&t f mefusr;f ESifh or®musr;f rsm;wGif zGiq hf rdk rI sm;ukd acwfryDS nm&yf rsm;ESifh ½Ijrifo;Hk oyfEidI ;f ,SOaf vhvmrIonf tvGet f a&;ygaom tokH;0ifaom udpö&yfjzpfayonf/ þokdY EIdif;,SOf avhvmokH;oyfcsufrsm;ukd ]zefqif;jcif;? a&vTrf;rkd;jcif; ESihf vlrsm; odef;çoef;csDí ajymif;a&TU aexkdifjcif;} tp&Sad om acgif;pOfrsm;twGuf EIid ;f ,SOaf vhvmNy;D jzpfonf/ pMu0Vmtm; zefqif;jcif; yxrOD;qkH;taeESihf uk&ftmefrSmazmfjyxm;wJh ]zefqif;jcif;} taMumif;ukd avhvmprf;ppfMunfMh uygpk/Yd zefqif;jcif;qkdif&m tvGefY tvGefta&;BuD;vSaom a,bk,s tawG;tac: t,ltqwpf&yfrSm or®musrf;pm\ zGifhqdkcsufESifh rwlnDbJ xGufay: vmcJhygonf/ þt,ltqrSm taemufwdkif; ynm&Sifrsm;u rSm;,Gif;pGm aumuf,lNyD; usrf; (2)ckMum; qufEG,frIudkaxmufjy&ef BudK;pm;Muaomf vnf; þqifwal om tawG;tac: t,ltqrsm;rSm trSeyf if qefu Y siaf eMu onf/ tjcm;aom bmom&yf t aMumif ; t&mrsm;xuf " Creation " ac: zefqif;jcif;ESifhywfoufí taemufwdkif;om;rsm;taeESihf jyif;xefaom udik ;f ñTwpf w d "f gwf&adS eonfrmS ]]rk[r®'(f
) onf or®musr;f pm\ a,bk,s

14

q&mrBu;D a'gufwmvSv0S if;

tESpfcsKyf}} udk ul;,l udk;um;xm;onf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ trSefyif þ,lqcsuu f kd axmufcaH y;onfrmS or®musr;f pm wGif xm0&bk&m;ocifonf (6)&ufMumrQ zefqif;jcif;trIudkjyKtNyD; aemufwpf&ufwGif tem;,lawmf rlonf[laomtcsufjzpfí ¤if;usrf;awmf\ zGifhqdkcsufudk MuiSef;rsm;u@? usrf;ydk'f (54) wGif atmufygtwdik ;f zGiq hf x kd m;onf/
         !"#  !$%&' ( )

]]toifwkdY\ tqifhqifhjyKpkysKd;axmifawmfrlaom t&Sifonf tv’m[f jzpf\/ xkdt&Sifjrwfonf rkd;aumif;uifrsm;ESihf urÇm ajrjyifudk (6)&uftwGif; zefqif;awmfrlcJhonf/}} (7;54)

þae&mwGif uREykf w f t Ykd aeESihf acwfopfa0zefa&;orm;rsm;\ 乿乓䰆市帔䰏- ]tkid , f grf} [laompum;&yfESifh ywfoufaom tav;teuf wifjycsufudk tajzmifh twdik ;f wifjyvdyk gonf/ ]乿乓䰆市䰏帔 -}[laompum;\wpfcak om t"dygÜ ,f? bmomjyef qkdcsufrSm ]]&ufrsm;}} jzpfouJhodkY tjcm;t"dyÜm,frsm;rSm ]]tcsdefumv tydkif;tjcm;&SnfBuD;}} (0g) ]]acwfumvrsm;}}[lí t"dyÜg,f&SdNyD; ¤if;rSm (24)em&Dom&Sad om aeYtydik ;f tjcm;wpfcw k nf;udk rqdv k ykd g/ uREykf t f wGuf tajccHtusq;kH ESihf ta&;Bu;D qH;k tcsuu f awmh or®musr;f pm\ zGiq hf ckd suu f kd qefu Y sií f uk&t f mefusr;f awmfwiG f urÇmajrESihf rk;d aumif;uifrsm; zefqif;jcif;[laom uGi;f qufoabm? a&SUaemuf tpDtpOfoabmudk azmfjy rxm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/ ¤if;\ ñTe;f qdck suw f iG f urÇmN*Kd [rf wdik rf D rk;d aumif;uifrsm; [lívnf;aumif;? rk;d aumif;uifrsm; rzefqif;rD urÇmN*Kd [f [lívnf;aumif;? azmfjyjcif;r&Sb d J zefqif;jcif;udk a,bk,stm;jzifo h m ñTejf yaeNy;D þtcsuu f kd oGm[mu@? usrf;ydk'f (4)wGif atmufygtwdkif; wifjyxm;ayonf/
           

]](uk&ftmefusrf;jrwfonf) urÇmN*Kd[f ESihf jrihfrm;vSpGmaom rkd;aumif;uif pMu0Vmrsm;ukd zefqif;awmfrlcJhaom t&SifjrwfxHawmfrS xkwfjyefykdYcscsuf wpf&yfjzpfayonf/}} (20;4)

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh rsufarSmufacwfodyÜHynm

15

trSew f u,frmS uk&t f mefusr;f rS qif;oufvmaomt,ltqrSm aumif;uifEiS hf ywfoufaom qifu h J ajymif;vJjzpfay:jcif;ESihf urÇmajrBu;D ESihf ywfoufaom qifhuJ ajymif;vJjzpfay:jcif;rsm;onf twlwljzpfay:vmonf[laom t,ltqyifjzpfonf/ þt,ltqESiyhf wfoufí vH;k 0OóHk tajccHusaom rSefuefonfh tcsuftvufrsm;vnf; &SmazGawGU&SdNyD;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm –%aK-D< ]'kcgef;}ac: rlvtp"gwfaiGUxkBuD; wpfckwnf&SdcJhjcif;? ¤if;"gwfaiGUxkBuD;rSm tjcm;t&mrsm;ESifh a&m,SufrIr&SdbJ oD;jcm;&Sdaejcif;? ¤if;wGif zGJUpnf;aeaom t&mrsm;onf tpyxru ÷TR ]&ofuf}ac: a&maESmaeaom tajctae ü&SdcJhjcif;? aemufwGif qifhuJajymif;vJrIjzpfpOft& ÷tF- ]zofuf}ac: uGJxGuf ysUH ESUH oGm;jcif; ponfwjYkd zpfonf/ azmfjyyg jzpfpOfEiS fh oabmw&m;rsm;tm;vk;H ukd cGjJ cm;azmfjyxm;aomu@? usr;f yd'k f (11) wGif atmufygtwdik ;f azmfjyxm;onf/ 
           

]]xdaYk emuf xkd (tv’m[f)t&Sijf rwfonf rd;k aumif;uifbufoYkd vSnahf wmfr\ l / xdt k csdew f iG f ,if; rd;k aumif;uifonf tck;d taiGUwpf&yfomjzpf\/}} (41;11) þwlnaD om oabmw&m;udek ADwrefawmfrsm;u@? usr;f yd'k f (30) wGiv f nf; atmufygtwdkif; azmfjyxm;onf/ ]]trSefw&m;ukd r,HkMunfolrsm; rjrifMuavoavmh/ rkd;aumif;uif pMu0Vm rsm;ESifh urÇmN*Kd[fonf wpfckwnf;yl;uyfvQuf&SdcJhMu&m igt&Sifjrwfonf 4if;wdu Yk kd cGjJ crf;awmfrcl \ hJ }} (21;30) uGJxGufjcif;jzpfpOfaMumifh urÇmrsm;pGm(avmursm;pGm) jzpfay:vm&jcif;udk azmfjyyg uk&t f mef\ tqdu k kd axmufcv H su&f adS eayonf/ þavhvmawGU&Scd suf rsm;u acwfoyd t HÜ csut f vufrsm;ESihf uk&t f mef\ tqdrk sm;? tcsut f vufrsm; rsm;pGmwGif udkufnDaMumif; jyoaeMuonf/ xdkYaMumifh uREkfyfwdkYtaeESifh or®musrf;pmwGif azmfjyxm;aom ]] zefqif;jcif; }}ESifhywfoufonfh urÇmESifh rkd;aumif;uifrsm; qufwdkufjzpfvmonf[laom pum;pkrsm;rSm vkH;0 vufcEH idk zf , G rf &Sad omaMumifh or®musr;f ESifh tvSr;f a0;vmcJ&h onf/ txl;ojzifh

q&mrBu;D a'gufwmvSv0S if;

16

uk&ftmefusrf;awmfwGif 'gZifaygif;rsm;pGm azmfjyxm;NyD; yxrOD;qHk; u@ jzpfaom tzGiu hf @? usr;f yd'k f (2)wGif atmufygtwdik ;f azmfjyxm;avonf/ 
 
  
   


]]csD;rGrf;axmyPmjcif;taygif;wkdYonf avmucyfodrf;wkdYukd tqifhqifhjyKpk ysKd;axmifawmfral om tv’m[ft&Sijf rwftwGuo f m jzpfawmfr\ l /}} (1;2) txufazmfjyyg pMu0|mESifh urÇmN*dK[fudkzefqif;jcif;[laomjzpfpOfESifh ywf oufí acwfopft,ltqrsm;u jynfhpHkpGm axmufcHoabmwlxm;NyD; jzpfonf/ acwfopft,ltqrsm;wGif rlvtqifw h iG f 'nebula' ac: "gwfaiGUxkBu;D wnf&jdS cif;? 'kw, d qift h ajctaewGif rl&if;"gwfaiGUxkBu;D twGi;f &Sd t&m0w¬Krsm; wpfenf;qkdaomf j'yfpifrsm; aygufuGJvGifhpifcGJxGufjcif;[laom t,ltqukd ckdifrmpGm vufcHxm;NyD;jzpfonf/ þokdY uGJxGufjcif;jzpfpOfrSm galaxies ac: ]]e*g;aiGUwef;rsm;}} (Mu,ftpkta0;)ukd jzpfay:apjcif;? xkdYaemufwzef ¤if; ]]*vufqD}} rsm;rS cGJxGufNyD; ]]Mu,f}}rsm;ukd vnf;aumif;? ¤if; ]Mu,f} rsm;rS ]N*K[ d }f rsm; cGx J u G jf zpfay:vmavonf/ þt,ltqESifh ywfoufí usr;f jrwfu&k t f mefwiG f rk;d aumif;uifrsm; ESiu fh rÇmN*K[ d Mf um;wGif ]Mum;cH jzpfaom zefqif;rI} [lí pl&[f Al Furqan (25 : 59) wGif atmufygtwkdif; wifjyxm;ayonf/
 
      
  

]]xk(d tv’m[f)t&Sijf rwf onf rk;d aumif;uifrsm;ESi?fh urÇmN*Kd[u f v dk nf;aumif;? ,if;ESpfckMum;&Sd t&mrsm;ukd vnf;aumif; zefqif;awmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfayonf/}} (25;59) þtcsufukdvnf; acwfopf&SmazG avhvmawGU&Sdcsufrsm;u axmufcHvsuf&Sd ayonf/ acwfopf odyyHÜ nm pl;prf;avhvmcsut f & pepfwus zGUJ pnf;xm;aom eu©wåqdkif&mpepfrsm;\jyifywGif wHwm;BuD;rsm;uJhodkY wGJqufaeaom t&mrsm; awGU&S&d onf[al omtcsuo f nf Mum;vTmzefqif;jcif;[laom txuf

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh rsufarSmufacwfodyÜHynm

17

odNy;D om;tcsuw f pfcjk zpfonfh uREykf w f aYkd exdik &f m urÇmN*Kd [o f nf ¤if;\ ud, k yf ikd f Mu,fwpfvHk;rS aygufzGm;vmonf[laomtcsufudk od&Sd&aomtcsdefwGif or®musr;f pm\ wwd,ajrmufaeYwiG f urÇmN*Kd [u f kd zefqif;Ny;D pwkwa¬ eYwiG f rkd;aumif;uifrsm;udk zefqif;cJhonf[laomtqdkrSm vHk;0 vufcHEkdifzG,f r&Sad wmhacs/ þodkYaom tajctaersdK;wGif vlwpfa,muf txl;ojzifh ol\ pdwful; pdwfoef;rsm;udk or®musrf;pmrS&,lNyD; ]]pMu0Vm zGJUpnf;jzpfay:jcif;}} ESifhywf oufaom a,bk,s todonmwpfckudk rdrdoabmESifh rdrd jyifqifNyD; uk&t f mefusr;f udk a&;om;cJo h nf[al omtcsuu f kd uREyfk w f Ykd rnforYkd Q pdwu f ;l Ny;D em;vnfEkdifrnf r[kwfay/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf txufyg ]] pMu0Vm ay:xGe;f jcif; }} [laom todonmrSm xkpd ma&;q&m (wrefawmfr[ k r®'(f
))\ uG,fvGefaoqHk;NyD; &mpkESpfaygif;rsm;pGmtxd vlom;rsm; od&Sdem;vnfEdkifpGrf; r&Sad o;aomaMumifh jzpfonf/

tmumoodyÜHynm - tvif;a&mifESifh a½GYvsm;jcif; uREfkyfwdkYtaeESifh ,cktcsdefrSpNyD; tmumoodyÜHynmtaMumif;udk aqG;aEG;Muygpd/Yk uk&ftmefusrf;wGif yg0ifaom tmumoodyÜHynmESifh ywfoufonfh tao;pdwf tcsut f vufrsm;udk zGi[ hf a&;om;azmfjywdik ;f taemufwikd ;f om; rsm;u 'g[m bmrSrqef;ygbl;vdYk jyefrajymoifyh gbl;/ tb,faMumifq h adk omf tm&yfvrl sKd ;rsm;taeESihf þynm&yfe,fy,fEiS yhf wfoufí ta&;ygaom &SmazG pl;prf;rIrsm;udk Oa&mywdkufom;rsm;rwdkifrD a&S;ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuwnf;u &SmazGavhvmrIjyKvyk cf NhJ y;D jzpfMuavonf/ þodkYaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk em;vnfrI? todtrSwfrjyKjcif;rSm txl;ojzifh ordik ;f udk em;rvnfjcif;rS arG;zGm;vmonfh rSm;,Gi;f aom,lqcsuf rsm;omjzpfawmhonf/ yxrOD;qHk;taeESifhajym&vQif odyÜHynmonf tm&yf EkdifiHrsm;wGif zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufcJhNyD; xdktcsdefumvrSm uk&ftmefusrf;jrwfudk xkwfjyefcsrSwfNyD; rMumcifumv jzpfcJhygonf/ 'kwd,tcsufrSm tpövmrfh

18

q&mrBu;D a'gufwmvSv0S if;

,Of a us;rI txG w f t xd y f a &muf a om xd k t csd e f umvrsd K ;wG i f & S d a om odyÜHynmqkdif&m todA[kokwrSm xdkacwf xdktcgu vlom;wpfa,muf taeESifh rkd;aumif;uifESifhywfoufaom zGifhqdka&;om;csufrsm;udk usrf;jrwf uk&t f mefwiG f azmfjya&;om;xm;ouJo h Ykd EdiI ;f ,SOaf vmufatmif a&;om;Edik o f nfh tajctae (todynm A[kow k ) r&SEd idk af o;acs/ 'Dae&mrSm uREykf x f yfajymcsiw f muawmh 'Dbmom&yf[m tvGef us,0f ef;vSwhJ twGuaf Mumifh ¤if;ESiyhf wfoufaom twdck sKyu f o kd m azmfjyay;Ekid yf gr,f/ or®musrf;pmwGif aeESifhvudk t&G,ftpm;tm;jzifh uGJjym;aom tvif;a&mif pwifjzpfxGef;&mae&m ESpfck[k zGifhqkd wifjyxm;aomfvnf; uk&ftmefwGif ¤if;wdEYk pS cf t k m; txl;toH;k tEIe;f udo k ;kH Ny;D cGjJ cm;jyxm;ygw,f/ R%oN^ < ]El;&f}[laompum;vHk;udk ]v} twGufoHk;NyD; ‡Ar-yS^ _ ]pD&m*sf}[laom pum;vH k ; ud k aetwG u f oH k ; xm;ygonf / ]El ; &f } [l a om pum;vH k ; u azmfñTef;vdkaom tvif;a&mifrSm tvif;udk jyefvTwfaom rvIyf&Sm;aom (avmifuRrf;rI r&Sdaom) taqmufttHk[kqdkvdkNyD; ]pD&m*sf} [laompum;rS ñTe;f qdak om ]] tvif;a&mif }}rSomvQif ]] tvif;ESihf tyl&edS \ f t&if;tjrpfjzpfNy;D aumif;uifESifhywfoufaom zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufrI&SdNyD; xm0&aygufuGJ avmifuRr;f aeaom tajctae&So d nft h &m }} [lí qdv k jkd cif;jzpfygonf/ ù%j^N- ]e*srf} [laompum;vHk;\ tjcm;aom t&nftaoG;udk azmfjy onfhpum;vHk;rSm qmudAf [laom pum;vHk;jzpfí ¤if;\ t"dyÜg,frSm olY zmomavmifNrKd uNf y;D ntcg tmumotwGi;f avmifuRr;f aysmufu, G o f nf [kt"dygÜ ,f&onf/ usrf ; jrwf u k & f t mef w G i f tjcm;oH k ; EI e f ; xm;aom pum;vH k ; rS m è^|-o^|]aumif0fuAf}[laompum;vHk;jzpfNyD; ¤if;\ t"dyÜg,frSm ]]tmumowGif jzpfay:aomt&m}} jzpfNy;D aeuJo h Ykd ud, k yf ikd t f vif;a&mifukd xkwv f w T Ef idk jf cif; r&Sday/ ,if;\ oabmrSm acwfodyÜH tac:ta0:t& ]] N*dK[f }} [laom pum;vH;k ESihf t"dygÜ ,fwal yonf/ ,aeY acwfodyÜH\ avhvmawGU&Sdcsufrsm;t& rkd;aumif;uifpMu0Vm\ zG J U pnf ; wnf a qmuf y H k o nf Mu,f r sm;u wd u spG m owf r S w f x m;aom

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh rsufarSmufacwfodyÜHynm

19

ywfvrf;aMumif;rsm;twGif; a&GUvsm;vsuf&SdNyD; ¤if;wdkY\ j'yfxkESifh a&GUvsm;rI tjrefEeI ;f rsm;t& jzpfay:aom qGiJ iftm;rsm;ESihf tjyeftvSef qGiJ ifjcif;tm;jzifh pMu0Vm wpfcv k ;kH udk csed o f m;nDatmif (balance) zGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufxm;onf/ ,aeYacwftcsdefumvwGif uREkfyfwdkYvlom;rsm; wwfodem;vnfoabm aygufEikd af om oabmw&m;udk usr;f jrwfu&k t f mef\ eADwrefawmfrsm;u@? usrf;ydk'f (33) wGif atmufygtwkid ;f azmfjyxm;ygonf/ ]]xkd (tv’m[f)t&SifjrwfonfyifvQif n ESihf aeYukdvnf;aumif;? ae ESihf vukdvnf;aumif;? zefqif;awmfrlcJh\/ ,if; (N*Kd[feu©wf) toD;oD;onf uk, d yf idk yf wfvrf;ü a&GUvsm;vSnyhf wfvsuf&MdS u\}} (21;33) usrf ; pm\pmom;wG i f tm&AD p um;vH k ; –-o^h
q&mrBu;D a'gufwmvSv0S if;

20

,ckacwf t,ltqrsm;ESifh jrifrh m;pGm uku d n f aD eayonf/ uk&t f mefusr;f onf pMu0VmcsJUum;xGufaejcif;[laom oabmw&m;ukd oG,f0kdufwifjyxm; ayonf/ xkdYjyif tmumo[if;vif;jyif\ ysufokOf;usqkH;aejcif;ukdvnf; azmfjyxm;ayonf/ þtcsufukdvnf; xl;jcm;aom enf;ynmzGHYNzKd;wkd;wufrI aus;Zl;aMumif?h vlom;\ vurÇmokcYd &D;rSwpfqifh azmfxw k f awGU&SEd idk cf o hJ nf/ okdYaomf txufazmfjyyg pMum0VmcsJUum;jcif;? usKHU0ifjcif;oabmw&m;rSm uREyfk w f Ydk teEÅ*½kPmawmf&iS u f @? usr;f yd'k f (33)wGif em;vnfcpH m;Ekid o f nf/ ]] tk*d sifeEf iS fh vlom;taygif;wkYd toifwt Ydk aeESifh rk;d aumif;uif pMum0Vmrsm;ESifh urÇmN*Kd[fukd xkd;azmufEkdifpGrf;&SdMuvQif xkd;azmufíoGm;Muavmh/ toifwkdY taeESihf xkd;azmufEkdifpGrf;&Sdrnf r[kwfay/ okdYaomf pGrf;tm;&SdvQif um; (xk;d azmufEidk af yrnf/)}} (55;33) þpGrf;tm;onf tvGeftiftm;BuD;aom teEÅwefckd;&Sif tv’m[ft&SifxHrS jzpfNyD; teEÅ*½kPmawmf&Sifu@wpfckvkH;\ taMumif;t&monf xm0& bk&m;ocif (tv’mt&Sif)\ vlom;tay:xm;&Sdonfh r[m*½kPmawmfukd azmfñeT ;f aeygonf/

urÇmN*Kd[f ,ckwpfcg uREkfyfwkdY urÇmN*Kd[f (0g) urÇmajrBuD; zefqif;jcif;ukd avhvmMuygpkdY/ Oyrm wpf&yftaeESihf toif;tzGJYrsm;u@ twGif;rS atmufygusr;f yd'k f (21) ukd avhvmprf;ppf MunfMh uygpk/Yd ]]toifwrYdk jrifMuavoavm/ xkt d v’m[f t&Sijf rwfonf a&ukd rk;d aumif;uifrS csay;awmfrlcJhNyD; ajrvTmatmufwGif 0ifa&mufapNyD; a&rsm;\ t&if;tjrpf jzpfaponf r[kwfygavm/ xkdYaemuf xkdt&SifonfyifvQif ,if;(a&)jzifh trsKd;rsKd;aom ta&miftqif;rsm;&Sdonfh oD;ESHrsm;ukd jzpfxGef;xGufay: apawmfr\ l /}} (39;21) ,aeYacwftcgor,wGif þt,ltqonf uREyfk w f t Ydk wGuf twefobm0 usaom em;vnfrI &Sdaponfh t,ltqwpf&yfjzpfaomfvnf;? vGefcJhaom

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh rsufarSmufacwfodyÜHynm

21

ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmu þoabmw&m;rsm;ukd vlom;rsm; vufcHem;vnfEkdifrI r&Sdao;[laom tcsufukdum; rarhoifhyg/ (16) &mpkESpfrsm;rwkdifrD bm;e'f ygvpD\ &SmazGawGU&Scd sut f & a&oHo&mvnfjcif;\ aMumif;usK;d qDavsmaf om wifjycsufrwkdifciftxd a&oHo&mvnfjcif;ukd rnfolrQ em;vnfoduRrf;rI r&Sdao;yg/ þwifjycsufrwkdifrD tvsifu vlom;wkdYonf yifv,fork'´&mrS a&rsm;u avwkdufcwfrIaMumifh jyif;xefaom t&Sdeft[kefjzifh pD;qif;vmNyD; wkdufBuD;rsm;\ twGif;ykdif;okdY a&muf&SdoGm;onf[laom t,ltq oDtkd&D oabmukd ajymqkcd MhJ uavonf/ xkaYd emuf wku d Bf u;D rsm;twGi;f pD;0ifa&muf&dS aeMuaom a&rsm;onf acsmufurÇm;BuD;rsm;rSwqifh yifv,fork'´&mrsm;okdY jyefvnfpD;xGufukefMuonf[laom oDtkd&Doabmukd yavwkd (Plato)\ acwfrpS í Tartarus [k ac:wGicf ahJ Mumif;od&onf/ (17) &mpkwiG f ay:ayguf cJhaom tawG;tac:ynm&Sif 'Dpfumhwf (Descartes) onfyifvQif txufyg oDtkd&Dukd ,kHMunfvufcHcJhonf/ (19) &mpkESpfa&mufaom tcsdefumv wGiaf wmifrS t&pöww dk ,f (Aristotle) \ oDt&dk jD zpfaom a&rsm;onf at;jraom awmifwef;BuD;rsm;ESihf vIdif*lBuD;rsm;xJwGif odyfonf;pGmat;cJ oGm;NyD;aemuf ajratmufa&tkid rf sm;tjzpf wpfjzpfvaJ jymif;vJNy;D wpfzef ajrjyifoYdk prf;acsmif; rsm;? a&pD;aMumif;rsm;tjzpf ay:xGufvmonf[laom t,ltqukd ,kHMunf vufcaH eMuolrsm;&Scd o hJ nf/ ,aeYacwftcgor,wGirf l ajratmufa&[lonf rk;d a&rsm;? urÇmh ajrvTmtwGi;f pdr0hf ifcadk tmif;&mrS jzpfay:vmonfudk uREyfk w f Ydk em;vnfxm;Ny;D jzpfonf/ tu,fí wpfpkHwpfa,muftaeESihf rsufarSmufacwf a&taMumif;ukd avhvmqnf;yl;ygu azmfjyyg a&oHo&mvnfjcif;ESihf ywfoufíacwfoyd yHÜ nm avh v mawG U &S d c suf r sm;ES i h f uk & f t mef u srf ; jrwf w G i f azmf j yxm;aom ajrmufjrm;vSpmG aom tm,ofawmfrsm;\ uku d n f rD u I dk EIid ;f ,SOf avhvm od&dS Ekdifrnfomru? acwfopf odyÜHynmawGU&Sdcsufrsm;ESihf usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef wkdYtMum;&Sd xl;jcm;aom ukdufnDrItwkdif;twm jrihfrm;ykHukd owdjyKrd Ekid rf nfjzpfonf/ blrdaA'ynm&yfwGif rMumao;rDumvtwGif;urS &SmazGawGU&Sdxm;aom

22

q&mrBu;D a'gufwmvSv0S if;

taMumif;csi;f &mwpf&yf rSm awmifwef;Bu;D rsm;ukd jzpfay:apaom vTmwGejYf cif; (0g) ajrvTmwGefYacgufjcif; jzpfpOfjzpfonf/ xyfrH awGU&Sdaom rSefuefonfh tcsurf mS urÇmt h cGv H mT (0g) urÇmt h ay:,HvmT onf uREyfk w f aYdk exkid Ef idk af om tcGHrmykdif;jzpfNyD;? eufeJaom tvTmrsm;onf ylí t&nfaysmfaeaomaMumifh ouf&rdS sm; touf&iS o f ef aexkid &f ef rjzpfEidk [ f al om tcsuyf ifjzpfonf/ xkjYd yif awmifrsm;\ wnfNird rf o I nf vTmwGejYf cif; (0g) wGeaYf cgufjcif;\ tcsi;f t&mESifh qufEG,fvsuf&SdNyD;? xkdokdY urÇmhtay:,HvTm\ wGefYacgufrIrsm;u urÇmh ajrrsufESmjyif tajctaeukd jzpfay:apaom tajccHtkwfjrpfrsm;jzpfNyD;? ¤if; wku Yd yif awmifrsm;ukd jzpfay:aponf[al om tcsurf mS vnf; ,cktcg vlom; rsm; od&edS m;vnfNy;D aomtcsujf zpfonf/ þtaMumif;t&mESifhywfoufí acwfopfodyÜH&SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;ESihf uk&t f mefwiG f azmfjyxm;onfh ajrmufjrm;vSpmG aom tm,ofawmfrsm;teufrS tm,ofwpfckESihf EIdif;,SOfavhvmMunfhMuygpkdY/ þtcsufukd xl;uJaom owif;u@? usr;f yd'k f (6-7)wGif atmufygtwkid ;f azmfjyxm;ayonf/
   
  

   
     


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usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh rsufarSmufacwfodyÜHynm

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tjcm;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;xuf uREyfk u f dk tHt Y m;oihaf paom taMumif; t&mwpfcrk mS ouf&dS rsm;ESifh ywfoufí (tyifavmu? ½kyaf vmu ESprf sK;d pvk;H ) txl;ojzif?h ¤if;wk\ Yd rsK;d yGm;jcif;ESifh oufqidk af om usr;f jrwfu&k t f mef\ zGiq hf dk azmfjycsurf sm;jzpfayonf/ þae&mwGif uREyfk t f aeESifh xyfrí H tav;teuf ajymvkdonfhtcsufrSm ,aeYrsm; rMumao;rD tcsdefumvwGif;rS jzpfay: wkd;wufcJhonfh odyÜHynm&yfqkdif&m wkd;wufrIrsm;aMumifh? þuJhokdYaom tm,ofawmfrsm;wGif yg0ifaom taMumif;t&mrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYykdí em;vnfoabmayguf vmcJ&h onf [laomtcsuyf ifjzpfonf/ xkjYd yif txufyg tm,ofawmfrsm;xufykdí em;vnfvG,faom tm,ofawmfrsm; &Sdae ao;aMumif;ESihf xkdtm,ofawmfrsm;u tvGef odomxif&Sm;onfh ZD0aA' qkdif&m teuft"dyÜg,frsm;ukd zkH;uG,fxm;ao;aMumif;ukdvnf; today;vkdyg onf / þtcsuf u k d ,cif w pf B ud r f &nf ñ T e f ; xm;NyD ; aom eADwrefawmfrsm;u@\ usr;f yd'k f wpfcu k dk uk;d um;í wifjyvkyd gonf/
  


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24

q&mrBu;D a'gufwmvSv0S if;

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¤if;t*Fgrsm;teuf Ek&Yd nfxu G af om *vif;rsm;vnf; yg0ifaMumif; jzpfonf/ þjzpfpOf\ tao;tpdwftcsuftvufokdY roGm;rD? tajccHoabmw&m; jzpfaom ]]tltwGi;f yg0if aeaom oD;oeft Y m[m&ypön;f rsm;? tle&H rH mS &Sad om aoG;>yefrsm;okYd a&muf&v dS myk?H xkaYd emuf þt[m& ypön;f rsm;ukd aoG;aMumrsm;rS wpfqifh o,f,yl aYdk qmify}Hk } ukd &Si;f vif;wifjycGiafh y;yg/ tu,fí uREyfk w f t Ydk aeESifh atmufazmfjyyg uk&t f mef\ ysm;ydwek ;f aumifu@? usrf;ydk'f (66)ukd em;vnfEkdifrnfqkdvQif? txufyg todonmukd aumif;pGm todtrSwjf yK em;vnfEidk rf nfjzpfonf/ ]]trSefyif? uRJEGm;wd&pämefpaom ajcav;acsmif;owå0grsm;wGif toifwkdYtzkdY (vlom;rsm;twGuf) oifcef;pm &Sdayonf/ igt&Sifjrwfonf toifwkdYtm; 4if;wk\ Yd 0rf;Aku d t f wGi;f &Sd tpma[mif;tdrf (tl)ESifh aoG;\ tMum;rS oefpY ifí aomufo;Hk olwt Ydk wGuf ESpNf cKduzf , G t f &om&Sad om Ek&Yd nfudk ay;awmfr\ l /}} (16;66)

vlom;tm;zefqif;jcif; (0g) tqifhqifhjyKpkysKd;axmifjcif; usr;f jrwfu&k t f mef&dS vlom;rsm; rsK;d yGm;jcif;ESifh ywfoufaom taMumif; t&mwGif rsm;jym;vSpmG aom zGiq fh &dk iS ;f vif;csurf sm;u oaE¨om;avhvmaom odyyHÜ nm&Sirf sm;twGuf pdeaf c:rIwpf&yfudk OD;wnfvsuf zGUJ pnf;jzpfay:apNy;D vlom;rsm;ukd ¤if;tqkdrsm;ESihf ywfoufaom &Sif;vif;zGihfqkdrIrsm;ukd &SmazGapygonf/ þokzYd iG q fh &dk iS ;f vif;Ekid rf rI mS ZD0aA'ynmukd tusK;d jyKaponf/ tajccHodyÜHynm&yfrsm; ay:aygufvmNyD;onfh aemufykdif; txl;ojzifh tPkMunfhrSefajymif; (Microscope) ukd wDxGifNyD;aom umvaemufykdif;rSom vlom;rsm;taeESifh txufazmfjyyg tqkrd sm;ukd em;vnfEidk pf rG ;f &Sv d mMuonf/ 7 &mpktapmykdif;rSm &SdcJhaom vlom;wpfa,muftwGuf þuJhokdYaom tawG;tac: t,ltqrsK;d zGi[ fh ajymqk&d efrmS rjzpfEidk yf g/ xkdtcsdefumvu ta&SUtv,fykdif;a'owGif aexkdifaom tm&AfvlrsKd; wpfa,mufu Oa&my&Sd vlom; (okdYr[kwf) tjcm;urÇmh rnfonfhtpdwf tykdif;a'orsKd;wGifrqkd aexkdifaom vlwpfa,mufxufrqkd oaE¨om;

26

q&mrBu;D a'gufwmvSv0S if;

taMumif;ESihf ywfoufNyD;ykdí odEkdifonf[laom ñTef;qkdEkdifonfh taxmuf txm; wpfpw Hk pf&m r&Syd g/ ,aeYacwfumvwGifrl uk&ftmefESihf obm0odyÜHqkdif&m aphpyfaocsmaom todynmA[kow k rsm; &SMd uonfh rGwpf vifrrf sm; rsm;pGm&SMd uNy;D xko d rl sm;taeESifh usr;f jrwfu&k t f mefwiG f yg0ifaom rsK;d yGm;rIqidk &f m tm,ofawmfrsm;ukd xif&mS ; &Si;f vif;pGm odjrifvmMuNy;D ? ,aeYacwf vlom;wk\ Yd todynmrsm;ESifh EIid ;f ,SOf xif[yf zGihf[ &Sif;vif;EkdifpGrf;vnf; &SdvmMuayonf/ uREkfyftaeESihf tNrJ owd&aewJh tcsufuawmh? aqmf'Dtma&AD;,m;EkdifiHrSm BuD;jyif;vmcJhwJh 18ESpo f m;t&G,f vli,fuav;wpfa,mufu rsK;d yGm;jcif;ESiq fh idk w f hJ ar;cGe;f ukd uk&ftmefrSm azmfjyxm;csufrsm;ESihf tukd;tum;jy ajzqkdoGm;wJh tcsufbJ jzpfygw,f/ uk&ftmefusrf;pmtkyfukd ñTefjyNyD;vQif xkdvli,fav;u þokdY ajymcJyh gw,f/ 'Dpmtkyu f rsK;d yGm;jcif;ESiq fh idk w f hJ ta&;Bu;D wJh owif; tcsuv f uf rsm;ukd rsm;pGmay;ygw,f/ uReaf wmfwYdk i,fpOf ausmif;aepOfwek ;f u q&mrsm;u uk&ftmefpmtkyfukd tokH;jyKNyD; uav;rsm; rnfokdYarG;zGm;w,fqkdwmukd &Sif;jycJhygw,f/ cifAsm;ajymwJh ]]vdifynma&; ESihfqkdifwJh pmtkyfawG[m urÇmjh rifuiG ;f rSm tawmfav; acwfaemufusaeygNy}D } wJch ifAsm/ txl;ojzifh þudp&ö yfEiS yhf wfoufí usr;f jrwfu&k t f mefusa&mufaom tcsed rf mS &Sad om vlom;rsm;\ ,HMk unfcsurf sm;rSm t,lo;D rIrsm; '@m&Drsm;ESihf jynfhESufvsuf&SdNyD; usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGifyg0ifaom taMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh acwfopf tcsuftvufrsm;\ EdIif;,SOfavhvmrIrsm;u uREfkyfwdkYtm; tHhMo avmufatmif udkufnDrIrsm;ay;ayonf/ xdkacwf xkdtcsdeftcgu trsm; vufcx H m;onfh rSm;,Gi;f aeaom t,ltqrsm; wpfpw kH pf&m usr;f jrwfu&k t f mef wGif &Sdraejcif;rSm acwfopfavhvmawGU&Sdcsufrsm;u uk&ftmef\ zGifhqkdcsuf rsm;udk tHhtm;oifhp&maumif;avmufatmif axmufcHtm;ay;oufaojy aejcif;yif jzpfygonf/ vlom;\ rsdK;yGm;jcif;ESifhywfoufí azmfjyxm;aom tm,ofawmfrsm;xJrS ½IwfaxG;vSaom rsdK;atmifaponfh t&nfESifh rsdK;atmif&eftwGuf tvGef enf;yg;vSaomyrmPonfomvQif xdkrsdK;atmifjcif;jzpfpOf\ tppftrSef

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh rsufarSmufacwfodyÜHynm

27

vdt k yfcsuf tESpo f m&jzpfaMumif;udk zGiq hf o kd nfh t&ADbmompum; "Sulala" ESifhywfoufaom wdusonfh t,ltqrsm;udkom oD;oefYavhvm prf;ppf Munfyh gpd/Yk trsKd ;orD;\ rrsKd ;yGm;t*FgwGif rrsKd ;Orsm; cdik Nf rpJ mG wG,u f yfaejcif;taMumif;udk rsm;vSpGmaom tm,ofawmfrsm;wGif ÷^l-I- ]tvwfuf}[laompum;vHk;jzifh NyD;jynfhpHkpGm azmfjyxm;onf/ xkYdjyif aoG;pdkifaoG;cJu@? usrf;ydk'f (2)wGif atmufygtwdik ;f a&;om;azmfjyxm;ayonf/
      

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28

q&mrBu;D a'gufwmvSv0S if;

taumif;qH;k aom zefqif;&Siv f nf; jzpfawmfral yonf/}} (23;14) ]+g-v^M< ]rk'GfC[f}[laompum;vHk; (0g;xm;aomtom;wHk;)onf oaE¨om;\ toGit f jyif yHyk ef;o@mef ESihf wdwu d susuu kd n f o D nft h jyif ¤if;\ zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufaom wdusaocsmaom tajctaetqifu h kd yHak zmfay;Ekid o f nf/ t½dk;rsm;onf xkxnf&Sdaomtom;rQifrsm;twGif; wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;NyD; xkt d ½d;k rsm;udk rmq,fvaf c:
]]4if;jyif xkdtv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf toifwkdYtwGuf Mum;jcif;? jrifjcif;ESifh cHpm;rIrsm;udk oD;jcm;zefqif;awmfrcl o hJ nf/}} (32;9) xyfrH tus,&f iS ;f &aomf uk&t f mefusr;f usa&mufcahJ om tcsed u f mvu &Scd o hJ nfh rSm;,Gi;f aomt,ltq wpfpw kH pf&mrQ uk&t f mefoYkd vH;k 0 0ifrvmcJah y/ txufazmfjyyg usr;f jrwfu&k t f mef\ zGiq hf dk &Si;f vif;csurf sm;rSmvnf; ,aeYacwf avhvmawGU&Scd surf sm;ESihf a&SUaemufrnDñw G rf ?I jcm;em;rI wpHw k &m r&Syd g/

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh rsufarSmufacwfodyÜHynm

29

uk&ftmefusrf; ESifh or®musrf; uREfkyfwdkYtaeESifh ,aeY aqG;aEG;wifjyrI&JU aemufqHk;u@jzpfwJh uk&ftmefusrf;ESifh or®musrf;pmrsm; taMumif; EdIif;,SOfavhvmrIudk wifjy vdkygw,f/ acwfopf odyÜHynm &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;ESifh uk&ftmefusrf;jrwf pmyd'k rf sm; xdyw f u dk f &ifqikd af wGU&rIukd or®musr;f pmESiv hf nf; &nfñeT ;f ud;k um; wifjyyghr,f/ uREykf w f t Ykd aeESihf zefqif;jcif;ESiyhf wfoufí ajymqdk aqG;aEG;Muaom tcgwdik ;f rSm tNrw J ef;vdv k kd jyóemwpf&yfukd jzwfueJ jrif&ygw,f/ tapmydik ;f u uREfkyf&JU aqG;aEG;csufawGrSm acwfopfavhvmawGU&SdrIrsm;ESifh uk&ftmef usrf;jrwf\ pmydk'frsm;tMum;&Sd jynfhpHkaom udkufnDrIudk tav;ay;wifjyNyD; jzpfygw,f/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSm or®musrf;pmtwGif; zGifhqdka&;om;xm;aom zGi[ hf aMujimcsurf sm;wGif odyeHÜ nf;usus vufcEH idk b f , G rf &Sad om a&;om;rIrsm; yg0ifaeaMumif;udv k nf; axmufjyxm;Ny;D jzpfygw,f/ or®musr;f wGiyf g0ifaom ]]zefqif;jcif;}} ESihf ywfoufonfh Bu;D rm;vSpmG aom zGiq hf adk &;om;csuo f nf " Yk c:wJh (bke;f Bu;D ajymaompum;&yfrsm;) a&;om;csurf mS Sacerdotal narration " vda bDpD (6)&mpktwGi;f rSm bke;f awmfBu;D rsm; vuf&mjzpfaMumif; od&v dS u kd &f aom tcsdefwGif xkdusrf;\ zGihfqkd&Sif;vif;csufrsm;rSm tHhtm;oifhp&m r&SdaMumif; em;vnfcyhJ gonf/ þodaYk om jzpf&yf\ t"du&nf&, G cf surf mS bke;f awmfBu;D rsm; w&m;a[mjcif;\ t"du&nf&G,fcsufonf vltrsm;udk OykofoDwif; aqmufwnf&ef wdu k w f eG ;f Ed;I aqmfcjhJ cif; jzpfaMumif; odjrifvmcJ&h ygonf/ or®musr;f pm\ zGiq hf akd &;om;csuo f nf bke;f awmfBu;D rsm;\ wdusaom &nf&, G cf suf oabmxm;ay:rlwnfxm;ayonf/ bke;f awmfBu;D abmhpf (Vaux) onf a*s½kpvif&Sd or®musrf;pmausmif;\ ausmif;wdkif q&mawmfcsKyf a[mif;jzpfcJhNyD; ¤if;u txufyg&nf&G,fcsufudk yifudk,ft&if;cHtm;jzifh ta&;ygaom bmoma&;qdik &f m usio hf ;kH rItjzpf owfrw S cf yhJ gonf/ or®musr;f pmwGif ]] zefqif;jcif; }}ESiyhf wfoufí ]] &[l'rD sm;\ t,ltq }}[kac:wGiEf ikd o f nfh ydí k wkad wmif;í a&S;usaom zGiq hf jdk cif;vnf; yg0ifayonf/

30

q&mrBu;D a'gufwmvSv0S if;

þzGifhqdkrIwGif zefqif;jcif;[laom taMumif;t&mESifh ywfoufí vHk;0OóHk rwlnaD om ½Iaxmifrh S csO;f uyfwifjyxm;ayonf/ txufyg csOf;uyfwifjyrI ESpfckpvHk;udk Genesis (urÇmOD;usrf;)rS xkw, f x l m;Ny;D xdu k sr;f pmonf Pentatouch odrYk [kwf Taurah aomif&[fusr;f \ yxrqH;k usr;f pmtkyjf zpfonf/ aomif&m[fusr;f a&;om;olrmS wrefawmf rlpm (Moses) jzpfonf[k rSwf,lxm;NyD;jzpfNyD; ,aeY awGUae&aom usrf;pmrSm ajymif;vJrrI sm;pGm vkyaf qmifjcif;cH&aMumif; od&ygonf/ Genesis ur®musr;f ESiy hf wfoufaom bke;f Bu;D rsm;a&;om;zGiq hf rkd rI sm;onf ¤if;wd\ Yk pdwu f ;l ,Ofqefaom vufawGUrusaom rsKd ;½d;k pOfqufwnfaqmufykH Z,m;udk tm'rfociftxd a&;qJGjyjcif;jzifh emrnfausmfMum;NyD; þudpöESifh ywfoufí rnfolurQ tav;teufxm;í ,HkMunfjcif;r&SdcJhay/ rnfodkY qkdapumrl Gospel ac: "r®opfusrf; (or®musrf;pm)udk a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom Matthew (rufo;l )ESihf Luke (vkc)f wdo Yk nf vnf; a,½Ic&pf (wrefawmf tDpm) ocif\ rsKd ;½d;k pOfqufZ,m;udk tenf;ESit hf rsm;qdo k vdk Sacerdoral narration \ zGifhqdka&;om;rIrsm;udk xyfwl xyfrQ jyefvnfxkwfvkyfxm;onfudk awGUEdik o f nf/ Gospel vk d Y a c:wJ h "r® m opf u srf ; uk d a&;om;jyKpk w J h Mathew u wrefawmfrsm;&JU rsK;d ½k;d pOfquforkid ;f ukd wrefawmftAD &m[iftxd aemufjyefqJG a&;om;cJNh y;D ? Luke uawmh wrefawmftm'rfvufxuftxd a&;om;cJyh gw,f/ þa&;om;csurf sm;tm;vk;H rSm odyeHÜ nf;usus pOf;pm;qifjcifo;Hk oyfygu vk;H 0 vufcHEkdifbG,f&mr&Sday/ taMumif;rlum;? usrf;ukda&;om;olrsm;u urÇm\ oufwrf;ESihf urÇmN*Kd[fay:wGif vlom;aexkdifcJhonfh oufwrf;twGuf udef;*Pef;wpfck owfrSwfcJhNyD;? ,if;owfrSwfcsufrSm ,ckacwf ckdifrmpGm oufaojyxm;csufrsm;ESifh vkH;0qefYusifaeaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ tjcm; wpfzufwGif uk&ftmef usrf;jrwfwGifrlum; þuJhokdYaom tcsuftvufrsKd;rS uif;vGwaf yonf/ pMu0Vmjzpfay:jcif;ESifh ywfoufí a,bk,soabmw&m;ESifh acwfopf t,ltqrsm;onf uk&ftmefusrf;jrwfwGif azmfjyxm;csufrsm;ESihf rnfrQ

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31

Ny;D jynfph pHk mG uku d n f aD Mumif;ukd tapmykid ;f u wifjyxm;cJNh y;D jzpfonf/ wpfcsed f wnf;rSmyif or®musrf;\ zGihf[a&;om;csufrsm;onf txufazmfjyygtcsuf rsm;ESifh aoGznf qefu Y siaf eMuayonf/ yxrqk;H ay:aygufvmaom ork'&´ m a&jyifBu;D taMumif;onf trSew f u,f r[kwaf y/ tvif;a&mifudk xkwv f w T f onfhMu,frsm;ukd rzefqif;rD yxrqkH;aeYwGif tvif;a&mifukd zefqif;jcif; onf¤if;? urÇmN*K[ d u f dk rzefqif;rD eHeufEiS fh naecif;ukd zefqif;jcif;onf¤if;? aeukd pwkw¬aeYü zefqif;jcif;onf¤if;? aeukd rzefqif;rD wwd,aeYwGif urÇmN*K[ d u f dk zefqif;jcif;onf¤if;? yOöraeYü avxJwiG f iSurf sm;ay:aygufapjcif;? ,if;okdYiSufrsm; ray:cif om;&Jwd&pämefrsm;ukd q|raeYwGif urÇmajrjyifwGif ay:aygufapjcif;onf¤if; tm;vkH;aom zGihfqkdwifjycsufrsm;onf xkdtcsdef umvu vltrsm; vufcx H m;aom t,ltqrsm;ukd a&;om;xm;aompmom; rsm;rSví JG tjcm;xl;jcm;aom t"dygÜ ,fr&Sad y/ or® m usrf ; wG i f y g0if a om eAD w ref a wmf r sm;\ rsKd ; ½k d ; pOf q uf wnfaqmufrI Z,m;ESifh ywfoufívnf; *sL;vlrsK;d rsm;\ jyu©'ed af y:rlwnfí jzpfay:apcJah omaMumif?h ]1976} ckEpS w f iG f urÇm\ oufwrf;onf ]5738} ESp&f NdS yD [lí tckdiftrmtwdtus azmfjyxm;rIaMumifhvnf; vufcHEkdif&ef tvGef cJ,Of;aom wifjycsuf jzpfaeygw,f/ uREyfk w f Ydk urÇmN*K[ d yf g0ifaewJh Sloar System ac: aepMu0VmtzGUJ tpnf;Bu;D \ oufwrf;rSm ESpo f ef;aygif; 4500 ausmcf ef&Y NdS y;D ? urÇmN*Kd[fay:wGif ,aeYuRefawmfwkdYodwJh vlom;rsm;ay:aygufvmonfh oufwrf;rSmvnf; ryk&d ifawmifrS ESpaf ygif;aomif;csD í &Sad eNy;D jzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh uk&ftmefusrf;ESihfywfoufí vkH;0ta&;BuD;wJhtcsufrSm uk&ftmefusrf;jrwfwGif &ufpGJESihf ywfoufaom ñTef;qkdrI wpfpkHwpfckyg0ifrI r&Sdjcif;ESihf txufyg tcsdefumv? &ufpGJ owfrSwfcsufrsm;rSm or®musrf;pm rSmomvQif txift&Sm;ñTe;f qkd yg0ifcw hJ ,fqw dk hJ tcsuyf if jzpfygonf/ uk & f t mef u srf ; awmf E S i h f or® m usrf ; pmtMum;rS m 'k w d , ajrmuf tvGex f if&mS ;wJh taMumif;t&muawmh a&vTr;f rk;d rIBu;D taMumif;jzpfygw,f/ trSefpifppf? or®musrf;pmwGif a&vTrf;rkd;rIESihf ywfoufaom zGihf[azmfjy xm;csufrSm oD;jcm;jzpfysufcJhwJh taMumif;t&mESpfckukdqufpyfNyD; a&marT

32

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wifjyxm;wJh a&;om; wifjycsurf sm;omjzpfygw,f/ or®musr;f pmwGif tm;vk;H ESifh qkdifaom a&vTrf;rkd;rIBuD;taMumif; azmfjyxm;NyD;? xkda&vTrf;rkd;rIBuD; jzpfay:cJhaom tcsdefumvukdvnf; wrefawmf tDA&m[ifvufxufrwkdifrD ESp3f 00cefY umv[k twdtusazmfjyxm;ygw,f/ uREyfk w f Ydk odxm;wJh wrefawmf tDA&m[ifvufxufu jzpfysufcJhwJh vlom;tm;vkH;ESihfqkdifaom BuD;rm; vQifjrefjyif;xefwJh tajymif;tvJBuD;qkdwm[m c&pfawmf ray:rD bDpD (21) &mpk ? (22) &mpk umvjzpfcahJ Mumif;ukd oG,0f u dk Nf y;D ajymqkad eygw,f/ xkaYd Mumifh or®musr;f pmrSm ajymxm;wJh a&vTr;f rk;d rIBu;D [m orkid ;f qkid &f m tcsut f vuf rsm;ESifh csed x f ;dk Munfv h Qif vufawGUrjzpfEidk w f hJ jzpf&yfBu;D bJ jzpfaeygw,f/ tm;vkH; ESihf qkdifwJhBuD;rm;vQifjrefjyif;xefvSaom tajymif;tvJBuD; aMumifh bDpD (21)&mpk? (22) &mpk twGi;f rSm urÇmajrjyifay:wGif ay:xGe;f aecJw h hJ tm;vkH;aom vlY,Ofaus;rIBuD;rsm;[m vkH;0aysmufuG,f oGm;&w,fqkdwJh t,l t quk d uREk f y f w k d Y r nf o k d Y vuf c H E k d i f r S m vJ / þok d Y v uf r cH E k d i f & wJ h taMumif;&if;rsm;xJu Oyrm wpfckuawmh? xkdtcsdefumvtvsifvmaom tD*spfEkdifiH\ tv,facwfrif;rsm; tkyfcsKyfwJh umv jzpfNyD;? tMurf;tm;jzifh yxrqkH;Mum; umv&JU tcsdef[m tD*spfbk&if&JU (11) qufajrmufrif;quf tkyfcsKyfcJhwJh tcsdefumvjzpfcJhw,f qkdwmukd odvkduf&wJhtwGufaMumifh jzpfygw,f/ xkdYaMumifh txufrSmazmfjycJhwJh rnfonfhtaMumif;&mrQ acwfopf odyt HÜ jrifEiS fh ,SOMf unfv h Qif vufcEH idk f bG,&f m r&Sb d ;l qkw d m xif&mS ;aeygw,f/ xkaYd Mumifh 'D½aI xmifu h aeNy;D uk&t f mefusr;f awmfurS cGjJ cm;xGuaf ewJh or®musrf;pmESihf BuD;rm;vSpGm aom uGm[csufBuD;ukd wkdif;wmEkdifygw,f/ or®musrf;pmESihf qefYusifbuftm;jzifh uk&ftmefrSm azmfjyxm;wJh BuD;rm;vQifjrefjyif;xefaom tajymif;tvJBuD;uawmh wrefawmf El;[fESihf ol&JUaemufvkdufaemufygrsm;twGufom uefYowfazmfjyxm;aMumif; awGU& ygw,f/ uk;d uG,&f mt&Si\ f trderYf emcHMuaom tjcm;aomvlom;rsm;uJo h yYdk if xkdwrefawmfEl;[f\ vufxufu vlom;rsm;onf ¤if;wkdY\ tukokdvf 'kp½kdufrsm;aMumifh tjypf'gPfcH&aMumif;ukd azmfjyxm;jcif;omjzpfonf/

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh rsufarSmufacwfodyÜHynm

33

uk&ftmefwGif BuD;rm;vsifjrefjyif;xefaom ajymif;vJrIBuD;jzpfcJhonfh tcsdef umvukd twdtus azmfjyxm;jcif; r&Sday/ xkdYaMumifh uk&ftmef\azmfjycsuf rsm;ESihf ywfoufí orkdif;qkdif&m? a&S;a[mif; okawoeqkdif&m qefYusifrI? uefu Y u G rf rI sm; vk;H 0r&Scd ahJ y/ wwd,ajrmuf tvGeftrif; xif&Sm;onfh EIdif;,SOfcsufwGifum; tD*spfEkdifiH zm½kdbk&ifxHrS [D;A½l; vlrsKd;uRefjyK cH&aom aus;uRefrsm; tajrmuftjrm;xGufajy;vGwfajrmufapcJhaom Moses (wrefawmfrlqm) \ Zmwfvrf;ESifh ywfoufí jzpfygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm uREyfk t f aeESifh uREyfk pf mtkyx f rJ mS a&;om;xm;wJh taMumif;t&m[m tvGeftrif; twkdcsKHUxm;wmukdbJ wifjyygr,f/ uREyfk t f aeESifh or®musr;f pmESifh uk&t f mefusr;f wk&Yd UJ zGiq hf cdk surf sm; ukdufnDaom ae&mrsm;? rukdufnDaom tcsufrsm;ukd rSwfom;xm;ygw,f/ xkjYd yif tcsKUd aom tao;pdwaf vhvmcsurf sm;rS usr;f ESpaf pmif\ pmom;rsm;[m wpfckESihfwpfck tjyeftvSef NyD;jynfhpkHatmif? tvGeftokH;0ifaomenf;ESihf jznfhpGufay;aeaom tcsuf tvufrsm;ukdvnf; awGU&SdcJhyg w,f/ zm½kdbk&ifrsm;vufxuf orkdif;wGif ay:aygufcJhaom vlrsm;tpkvkduf tNyKv H u dk f ajymif;a&TUjcif;[m b,fvdk taetxm;rSm &Scd w hJ ,fqw kd hJ tajctae ESihfywfoufaom tEkrmP,lqcsufrsm; tajrmuftjrm;&Sdaomfjim;vnf; uREyfk t f aeESifh aumufcsuq f v JG w dk hJ tcsuu f awmh xkjd zpf&yfudk jzpfapcJah om zm½k d b k & if r S m Ramses II uk d xD ; eef ; quf c H c J h o l Merneptah [l a om zm½kdbk&ifjzpfw,fqkdwJh t,ltq[m tjzpfEkdifqkH;oDtkd&D wpf&yfjzpf w,fqw dk t hJ csuyf gbJ/ c&pf,mefusr;f pmrsm;xJrmS yg0ifwhJ tcsut f vufrsm;ESifh a&S;a[mif; okawoeqkdif&m taxmuftxm;rsm;&JU xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifawGUqkHrIrsm;[m txufyg,lqcsuf rSefuefaMumif; ckdifckdifrmrm axmufcH aeygw,f/ uREkfyftaeESihf auseyfESpfoufpGmESihf ajymcsifwmuawmh or®musrf;pm\ zGi[ fh ajymqkcd surf sm;u Moses (wrefawmfrpl m) ukd zm½kb d &k ifrsm;&JU orkid ;f rSm ae&mcsay;ap&ef av;eufaom oufaoom"ujzpf uREkfyfwkdYtm; vrf;ñTef onfomru Moses tm; Ramses II \ tkyfcsKyfpkd;rkd;aomumvwGif arG;zGm;

34

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cJah Mumif; oufaotaxmuftxm;rsm;jzifh tusK;d jyKEidk cf w hJ hJ tcsujf zpfygw,f/ xkdYaMumifh Moses (wrefawmfrlpm) \ jzpfpOfESihf ywfoufí or®musrf;pmyg tcsut f vufrsm;[m vkaH vmufaom orkid ;f wefb;dk rsm; ay;aqmifEidk cf w hJ ,fvYdk qkEd idk yf gw,f/ zm½kdbk&if (Merneptah) \ ½kyftavmif;aumifukd aq;ynmqkdif&m avhvmpl;prf;rIjyKjcif;rSaeí xkdzm½kd bk&ifaoqkH;cJhaMumif;? ta&;ygaom owif;tcsut f vufrsm;ESi?fh ¤if;\ aojcif;ukd jzpfay:apEkid af om taMumif; t&if;rsm;ukv d nf; &&Sad pcJyh gonf/ twdtusazmfjy&aomf? 1898ckEpS w f iG f &SmazGawGU&Scd ahJ om zm½kb d &k if\ ½kyftavmif;aumifESihf xkdtavmif;rS avhvmawGU&Sdcsufrsm;rS &&Sdvmaom ,aeYuREkfyfwkdY ykdifqkdifxm;onfh? tcsuftvufrsm;rSm tjrifhrm;qkH;aom ta&;ygonfh t&mwpfckjzpfayonf/ or®musrf;pmwGif zm½kdbk&ifonf yifv,fa&wGi;f epfjrKyf apjcif;cHc&hJ onf[k azmfjyxm;aomfvnf;? aemufyidk ;f wGi?f xk d b k & if \ ½k y f t avmif ; rnf o k d Y jzpf r nf u k d quf v uf í tao;pd w f &Si;f vif;jyxm;jcif;r&Sad y/ usr;f jrwfu&k t f mef\ wrefawmf,El w G pf u f @? usr;f yd'k f (92)wGif zm½kb d &k if\ cE¨muk, d f ½kyt f avmif;onf i&Jc&H jcif;taMumif;ESifh a&xJrS jyefvnfu,fwifxm;jcif; cH&rnfjzpfaMumif; atmufygtwkdif; azmfjy xm;ayonf/ ]] 'DaeYtcgrSm igt&Sif (tv’m[f) onf oif\ ½kyftavmif;aumifukd u,fwifxm;ayrnf/ oifonf aemifvm aemifom;rsm;twGuf xif&mS ;aom oufaovu©Pmwpf&yfjzpfap&eftwGuf jzpfrnf/ rkcs{uefajrmufjrm;pGmaom vl o m;rsm;onf igt&S i f \ ouf a ovu© P mrsm;uk d rod u sKd ; uRef jyKaeMuayonf/}} (10;92) xkdzm½kdbk&if\ ½kyftavmif;aumiftm; aq;ynmqkdif&m pl;prf; avhvmppfaq;rIrsm;t&? aemufxyfo&d v dS monfrmS ½kyt f avmif;aumifonf a&xJwGif Mum&SnfpGm epfjrKyfcJhjcif; r&SdaMumif;yifjzpfonf/ tb,faMumifh qk d a omf ? ½k y f t avmif ; wG i f umvMum&S n f a&wG i f e pf j rKyf j cif ; aMumif h jzpfay:Ekid o f nfh ,d, k iG ;f ysupf ;D jcif; vu©Pm wpfpw Hk pf&m&Srd aejcif;aMumifyh if

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35

jzpfonf/ þae&mwGifvnf; uk&ftmefusrf;\ zGihf[a&;om;azmfxkwfrIrsm;ESihf acwfodyÜHqkdif&m avhvmawGU&Sdcsufrsm;rSm xdyfwkduf&ifqkdif&aomfvnf; odyyHÜ nm½Iaxmifrh aS eí uk&t f mef\ zGiq fh adk &;om;csurf sm;ukd uefu Y u G rf ?I uGv J rJG ?I qefu Y sirf t I enf;i,frQ ray:aygufapcJyh g/ or®musr;f "r®a[mif; (The Old Testament) taeESihf tMurf;zsi;f &mpkEpS f (9) ck (ESpfaygif; 900)twGif; a&;om;xm;wJh pmayvuf&mrsm;ukd pkpnf;NyD; zGUJ pnf;a&;om;xm;wJh usr;f pmjzpfwt hJ wGuf xku d mvwpfavQmufv;Hk rsm;jym; vSpGmaom jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm; vkyfaqmifjcif;cH&ygw,f/ usrf;awmf&JU tppftrSef a&;om;oDukH;wJhu@rSm vlom;rsm;\ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;u tawmfrsm;jym;aeygw,f/ uk&ftmef\ 0[Dusjcif;rSm orkdif;aMumif;t& or®musrf;pmESihf tvGeftrif;uGJjym;jcm;em;aeygonf/ uk&ftmefusrf;usaomtcsdefwGif yxrOD;qk;H xm0&bk&m;ocifxrH S vlom;(wrefawmf rk[r®')f xHoYdk qufo, G rf I a&muf&v dS mNy;D ¤if;csrw S af y;aom 0[Dvrf;ñTecf suu f dk tvGwu f surf w S af pNy;D ? wrefawmf rk[r®'f(
) oufawmf&SdpOfumvtwGif; a&;om;rSwfwrf;wif xm;cJhaom usrf;awmfjzpfygw,f/ xkdtaMumif;aMumifh uk&ftmefusrf;wGif ppfreS rf EI iS fh ywfoufaom jyóemwpfpw Hk pf&mrS tjiif;yGm;bG,rf &Syd g/ tBudrftcgrsm;pGm rSwfwrf;jyKNyD;ouJhokdYyif acwfopfodyÜHynm ½Iaxmifht& vkH;0"r®"d|mefusaom prf;ppfavhvmrIrsm;jyK&mwGif þavhvm awGU&SdrIrsm;u xkdESpfckMum;&Sd ukdufnDrIukd em;vnf? todtrSwfjyK apatmif OD;aqmifcyhJ gw,f/ þokEYd idI ;f ,SOaf vhvmprf;ppfrrI sm;rS uREyfk w f t Ydk m; rSw, f al pwJh tcsufuawmh rk[r®'f (
)tcsdefumv wkef;u vlom;wpfa,muftaeESihf xkdacwf xkdtcsdefumv\ tqifhtwef;t&? usrf;awmf\ tqkdrsm;ukd a&;om;jyKpk E k d i f a om pma&;q&mrjzpf E k d i f [ l a om tcsuf y if j zpf o nf / þuJhokdYaom tav;teufpOf;pm;rIrsm;[m usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef xkwfjyef csrSwfay;jcif;onf oD;jcm;jzpfaomt&m jzpfaMumif;xif&Sm;aponf/ xkdYjyif buf r vk d u f w wf a om od y Ü H y nm&S i f r sm;tm; ¤if ; wk d Y \ ½k y f y k d i f ; qk d i f & m

q&mrBu;D a'gufwmvSv0S if;

36

awG;ac:rIrsm;ESifh &Si;f vif;wifjyEkid pf rG ;f r&Sad Mumif;ukd 0efcaH p&efzt d m;ay;ouJo h Ydk jzpfayonf/

0[Dusjcif;jzpfpOfukd rD;armif;xkd;jyjcif; ed'gef;

touf[lonf----vlom;rsm; þurÇmay:wGif wnf&Sdjcif;ESihf þpMum0VmwpfckvkH;ukd zefqif;jcif;wkdYonf obm0\ uHtaMumif;wkdufqkdifí jzpfay:vmaom &vm'fr[kwfay/ þpMu0VmESihf ¤if;\ tPkjrLrIefav; wpfckcsif;onf¤if;? arwåmw&m;xm;aom r[m*½kPmawmf&Sif? t&m&mukd Ekdifeif;vTrf;rkd; awmfrlaom teEÅpGrf;tm;&Sif zefqif;&Sif&SdaeaMumif;ukd aMujimaeayonf? ñTejf yaeayonf/ zefqif;&Sirf &Syd gu? rnfonft h &mrQ jzpfay: wnf&EdS idk rf nf r[kwaf y/ 0dÓOf&adS om yk*K¾ v d w f idk ;f ol\wnf&adS ejcif;ESifh ¤if;wnf&adS erIonf zefqif;&Sit f ay: rlwnfaeaMumif;? zefqif;&Sirf &Sb d EJ iS fh olu Y , dk o f l zefw;D Ekid jf cif; r&SdaMumif; aocsmpGm odayonf/ xkdYaMumifh vlom;onf ol\ t&Sifocif ]xm0&bk&m;ocif (0g)? zefqif;&Sif}ukd odatmifBuKd;pm;bkdYwm0efonf ol\ wm0efjzpfonf/

vlom;rsKd;EG,f vlom;onf tjcm;rnfonft h &mESirfh Qrwlaom oD;jcm;t&nftcsi;f rsm; ykdifqkdifonfh zefqif;cH jzpfonf/ xm0&bk&m;ocif(tv’m[f)onf ol\ uk, d pf m;vS,f (0g) vufaxmuftjzpf vlom;tm; þurÇm ajray:wGi&f adS om tjcm;aom zefqif;cHrsm;ukd vTr;f rk;d tkypf ;dk bk&Yd ef tckid t f rmvkyaf qmifay;onf/ xkdYjyifvlom;tm; usKd;aMumif;qifjcifjcif; jyKEkdifaom qifjcifÓPfukd ,krH w S t f yfEx HS m;ayonf/ xkq d ifjcifÓPfaMumifyh if vlom;onf tjcm;aom wd&pämeftaygif;ESihf rwl? wrluGJjym;jcm;em;ae jcif;jzpfonf/ ya&mzuf (rk[r®'(f
) rS rdeaYf wmfro l nfrmS ]]xm0&bk&m;ocif (tv’m[f) onf usKd;aMumif;qifjcifjcif;xuf ykdí aumif ; aom ? yk d í jynf h p k H a om yk d í vS y aom rnf o nf h t &muk d r Q

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh rsufarSmufacwfodyÜHynm

37

zefqif;jcif;rjyKyg/}} þpOf;pm;qifjcifwwfaom qifjcifÓPfESihftwl vlom;onf cGJjcm;Ekdifaom odjrifvmapEkdifaom pGrf;tm;&&Sdvmonf/ xkdYjyifvlom;tm; vGwfvyfcGifh (vGwfvyfaomqE´)ukd ol\ vlaerIb0 wnfaqmufrItwGuf ol Y b momol a&G ; cs,f c G i h f u k d v nf ; ay;xm;onf / þa&G ; cs,f c G i h f (0g) vGwfvyfcGihftm;jzifh vlom;tm; xm0&bk&m;ocif\ ukd,fpm;vS,fawmf [laom taetxm;ESihftnD jyKrlEkdifol (0g) tedrfhwumh tedrfhqkH; zefqif;cH? wd&pämefrsm;tm;vkH; xufykdedrfhusaomb0okdY usqif;EkdifoltjzpfokdYvnf; usa&mufapEkid o f nf/ vlom;onf arG;zGm;pOfu ta&mtaESmr&S?d oefpY ifaom tjypfuif;aom tajctaeü&Sdonf/ okdYaomf xkdvlom;tm; rSefuefaom vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; vkyfaqmifol (0g) 'kp½kdufrIrsm;ukd pdwftvkdvkdufí vkyw f wfot l jzpfa&mufatmif vGwv f yfpmG a&G;cs,Ef idk af om pdwq f E´uv dk nf; ay;xm;onf/

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38

q&mrBu;D a'gufwmvSv0S if;

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