Questions And Answers For Exams

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR EXAMS 1.

Name the OP factors

a.

Op command & control

b.

Op Intelligence

c.

Op movement and Manoeuvre

d.

Op sustainment

e.

op protection

f.

op firepower

2. How do they influence and impact on ops ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________ 3.

Describe the op factors and know their elements

Space: It encompasses airspace, land and sea, including outer space with all their features which influence employment and effectiveness of joint forces. In addition, politics, legal, ethnic and religious conditions affect the combat employment of forces. Force: The quantity and types of forces a commander is able to commit which will affect the time required for a military operation and the size of space that can be used. Smaller farces can require more time and dictate smaller space for achievement of objectives, while larger force may allow faster action in a larger place. Time: This is the period taken for decision making, planning, mobilisation and deployment time, including duration of the operation, time to commit reserves and timing.

4.

Name the OP functions

___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ____________ 5.

Why Op Function

___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________ 6.

Briefly describe each of the Op level Functions

___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

7.

How do they influence ops

___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________ 8.

How do they fit into op art

___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ________________________________ 9.

Describe the op function of op movement and manoeuvre

It is the movement of forces in order to gain positional advantage by means of using time and space in order to generate tempo. 10.

Describe op function of firepower

The ability to deliver combat power quickly and at the decisive place and time is the key to success of the action. Concentrated firepower can also overwhelm the enemy’s ability to concentrate manoeuvring of forces. 11. Explain the relationship and interaction between op movement and manoeuvre and op fire power as op functions. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________ 12.

Explain the aim of op movement and manoeuvre.

___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ________________________________ 13.

Explain the aim of op firepower.

___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ________________________________ 14.

Explain and discuss Command and Control as an op function.

___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________ 15.

Explain Operational intelligence as an operational function

It is the collection of information wrt the operation situation and ops target. It develops the ops situation by analysing or processing the intelligence, use of RISTA process and int operating systems. 16.

Explain Joint intelligence Preparation of the battle space

This is the process used by joint intelligence organisations to produce intelligence assessment, estimates and other int products in support of the commander’s decision-making process. Op sustainment is a broad term, which encompasses more than just logistics but it also includes aspects such as personnel as well as procurement of equipment and material. It is also the ability of the forces to maintain the necessary level of combat power for the duration of the operation in order to achieve their objective. 17.

Explain the aim of op sustainment

___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________ 18.

How is op sustainment applied and attained

___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ 19. Describe op function Protection Protection of forces from threats, crises and war, and it is the most important responsibility of the force commander. It includes measures aimed at protecting from various hazards, survivability of forces and their weapons and equipment as well as their health. 20.

Discuss the aim of the op function protection

___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________ 21.

What are the elements of op function protection?

___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________

DESCRIBE JIPB This is the process used by joint intelligence organisations to produce intelligence assessment, estimates and other int products in support of the commander’s decision-making process. THE SCOPE OF THE THEATRE helps commanders to relate their force to one another and to the enemy in time, space, resources and purpose. The Scope of the Theatre refers specifically to the operational level, whereas the Scope of the Battlefield would refer to the tactical level. A THEATRE OF WAR is defined as “the air, land and sea and space area that may become directly involved in the operations of war” (19:100-7). Operations that take place within a Theatre of War are invariably joint and usually multi-national. The Theatre of War should be operationally self-sufficient, with a sustaining base that is adequate to support the planned operations. AN AREA OF INTEREST is that area of concern to the commander that includes the Area of Influence and areas adjacent to it. It extends into enemy territory, to the objectives of current and planned operations. This area also includes areas occupied by enemy force that could jeopardize the accomplishment of the mission AN AREA OF INFLUENCE is a geographical area in which a commander can directly influence the operations by manoeuvre of fire support systems normally under the commander’s command or control. Areas of Influence surround and include the associate Areas of Operations. RISTSA The Intelligence function is often included when reference is made to RISTA systems. These are: Reconnaissance, Intelligence, Surveillance and Target Acquisition (RISTA). RISTA is a joint venture to link sensors, acquisition systems and Reconnaissance directly to offensive strike assets that can be cued by them. Surveillance is the continual collection of information, usually across a wide geographical spectrum. Reconnaissance is directed at specific targets. Ground reconnaissance includes scouting and screening. RISTA is utilised as a specifically focused concept that directs offensive action. But many of the systems involved, will also have wider roles – reconnaissance will also serve the commander’s information requirements and intelligence agencies will also collect against a broader remit. RISTA must support military operations over the operational continuum and its usefulness lies in its accuracy, relevance, and analysis – properly formatted and disseminated in a timely manner to the appropriate user. Operational Intelligence can be defined as the product resulting from the collection, processing, integration, analysis, evaluation and interpretation of available information on the potential opponents or enemies. It can also be defined as knowledge about the enemy obtained through observation, investigation, analysis and understanding.

OPERATION FIRE POWER This is the process used by joint intelligence organisations to produce intelligence assessment, estimates and other int products in support of the commander’s decision-making process. TYPES OF FIRE POWER a. ‘LETHAL Firepower is designed to delay, disrupt, destroy or degrade enemy operational forces or critical functions and facilities. It can be applied in the form of conventional or unconventional and missiles, bombs and or guns. Weapons of Mass Destruction b. NON-LETHAL Firepower is intended to impair, disrupt or delay performance of enemy operational forces, functions and facilities. It requires more time and effort to be effective than lethal firepower. MISSION COMMAND refers to a ‘flexible and positive attitude of mind by commanders– which seeks opportunities to exploit enemy vulnerabilities. The SANDF’s approach to operations requires a distinctive style of command, ‘one that promotes decentralised command, freedom and speed of action and initiative. THEATRE GEOMETRY. The theatre of war is that area of air, land and water that is, or may become, directly involved in the conduct of warfare. A given space must be military organised to ensure the most favourable conditions for the employment of forces across the entire spectrum of conflict, from peacetime competition to highintensity war. ‘

DEEP OPERATIONS are those directed against enemy forces and functions beyond the close battle. Deep operations affect the enemy through either attack or the threat of attack. The purpose of deep operation is primarily to find and fix the enemy, keeping him from reaching his objectives and constraining his freedom of action, thereby creating the conditions for close operations. CLOSE OPERATIONS. The purpose of close operations is primarily to destroy the enemy in order to eliminate a decisive part of his/her combat power. Forces in immediate contact with the enemy, in the offensive or defence, are fighting close operations. REAR OPERATIONS. The primary purpose of these operations is to ensure own forces’ freedom of action: to sustain the current close and deep operations. Rear operations are aimed against enemy deep operations.