Quality Standards

Quality Standards Quality Standards are defined as a set of guidelines or help lines given to an organization to accomplish each and every task in an effective, efficient & optimized way.

ISO (International Organization for Standards): Example :

ISO 9001 : 2000

Quality Number

Year in which it is Introduced or modified

How the Quality Standards are prepared ? BVQI ( Bureau Veritas Quality International ), Geneva ( Switzerland) is the organization which provides guidelines to ISO organization. The BVQI will prepare the Quality standards for ISO as mentioned below.. 1. All the companies are Invited 2. All the experts are Asked to write their own procedures 3. All the experts are Requested to read all the procedures 4. Voting is Conducted 5. High voting procedure is picked-up, customize and finalize as Quality Standard Assessment of Procedures BVQI

ATL

ATL

ATM

ATL

ATM

ATM

Issuing Certificate

External Audit

Company BVQI ATL ATR

: Bureau Veritas Quality International : Assessment Team Lead ATM : Assessment Team Member : Assessment Team Report

ATR ……. ……..

 BVQI will appoint ATLs and ATMs, ATMs will come to the company to do External Audit and prepare a report (ATR) and submit the same to ATL, ATL will review it and in turn sends to BVQI. After finalizing the report, BVQI will gives the ISO certification.

Types of Quality Standards: Departments in both Non-IT and IT companies :1

Plan/Design

2 Production/Development

3 Testing

4 Marketing

5 Service/Maintenance

ISO 9000:

It is used for startup company. The company which started newly but don't have resources can get ISO 9000.

ISO 9001:

It is given for full fledged companies. The company should have its own above 5 departments, such type of companies are given this ISO 9001.They should also follow the set of guidelines. These are the terminology given for both IT & non-IT companies. 1

ISO 9002:

3

4

5

In this Certification for Planning /Designing department they will take the help of ISO 9001. 1

ISO 9003:

2

2

3

4

5

It is purely meant for testing. In this only Test department is available. The purely third party testing companies are certified 3

ISO 9004:

Research & Development and also continual growth of the company are concentrated.

CMM:(Capability Maturity Model) SEI : CMM: (Software Engineering Institute): Initially a five level model is developed by the PHD people from Software engineering Istitute located in USA. That is why it is named as SEI CMM. These 5 levels are for IT industries CMM Level 1: INITIAL : It is used for startup companies but here one thing is considered tean should be very strong technically strong, more experienced people so definitely the product will be quality product. If at all the team strong they wont ask any guidelines. ( with Strong Team and well defined guidelines ) CMM Level 2: REPEATABLE: Once we entered into it two guidelines are given one is well defined guidelines another they should focus on reusability. Team should very strong in Technical. (with Strong Team , well defined guidelines and Focus on Reusability ) CMM Level 3: DEFINED :It means Documented. At CMM Level 3 it should focus on Documentation. (with Strong Team , well defined guidelines ,Focus on Reusability and focus on Documents) CMM Level 4: MANAGED Each and every work in the organization must be measured ( Metrics). It should focus on metrics apart from level 1 + level 2 + level 3. (with Strong Team , well defined guidelines ,Focus on Reusability, focus on Documents and focus on Marketing ) CMM Level 5: Research and development & as well as continual growth. level 1 + level 2 + level 3 + level 4 as well as Research and development & continual growth. There is a great demand for CMM Level 5 . These 5 levels are for IT industries (with Strong Team , well defined guidelines ,Focus on Reusability, focus on Documents, focus on Marketing and focus on Research and Development)

CMM I (Integrated): It is introduced for both non IT & IT integration

CMM P 0r PCMM: P stands for People capability & maturity of people. It focus on People.

6-Sigma :

99.76% 6-Units span 6-Sigma Axis 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8 9

10

6-Sigma companies will develop the products in multiple cycles, for each cycle they plot the graph, whenever the graph Spans for 6-units on the 6-sigma axis , they will stop the product and check for the Quality. So that the quality will be 99.76% and above.

xn - x n

sigma =

where xn = sum of number of values X = mean / average value n = Total number of values

 The above formula is used to plot the graph.  Once the graph is proved by any company , then only 6-Sigma certificate will be issued.  There are many companies are trying to get that certificate But, very few companies were got the certificate. Example : Motorola etc. SSLC (Six Sigma Life Cycle) : This life cycle contains only 5- phases ( where as other life cycles are having 6-phases) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Define Measure Analyze Improve Control

Every company has to Define their own production process. After production they should Measure the output with the defined value. Analyze the result with define value and out put values, if at all is there any miss-matched item were produced then they should Improve the production process in such way to get out put with less deviation. In order to do the same they also have Control on the whole process. So that they could able to get the output in such way to plot the graph with 6-units span. * 3.4 DPMO :-

3.4 Defects per Million Opportunities

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