Psycho

Psychopathology defines basis of illness

& Phenomenology describes condition as experienced by patients

Thought STREAM Flight of ideas • Rapid succession • Chance associations • Goal directed

CONTINUITY

• Perseveration: operations •

persist beyond relevance Thought block: sudden arrest of train of thoughts

POSSESSION

• Obsessions: unwanted own thoughts

Poverty of thoughts

• Alienation: loss of control

Circumstantiality

• Loss of associations • Overinclusiveness • Concreteness

• Slow progress • Unnecessary details • Goal directed

FORM

Delusions 1. 2. 3. 4.

False Fixed Unshakable Cannot be explained

Overvalued idea if any of the above missing

Primary • Mood • Perception • Idea

Secondary Derived from other morbid experience

Mood states • Mood: day to day feeling state • Affect: outward expression of mood • Blunting: inability to feel and a matching disability to express profound emotions • Incongruous: mismatch between feeling and cognitive state • Loss of affect: subjective inability to feel

Perception Illusion: misinterpretation of stimuli • Lack of perceptual clarity • Intense emotions

Hallucinations: perceptions without stimulus • Objective space • Independent of will • Sensory elements full and fresh

Abnormal perception Hallucinations

Pseudo hallucinations

•

Objective space

• Subjective space

•

Independent of will

• Some degree of control possible

•

Sensory elements full and fresh

• Lacks clarity

•

No insight

• Some degree of insight

•

Consciousness clear

• Consciousness may be impaired/altered

Catatonia Means appositional tone Includes • • • • •

Ambivalence Ambitendence Waxy flexibility Negativism & automatic obedience Stupor and excitability