Psyc 2301 Vocab - Ch 10

Chapter 10: Life Span Development II attachment – A strong affectional bond with special others that endures over time. imprinting – Konrad Lorenz's early studies that supports the biological argument for attachment; baby geese attach to, and then follow, the first large moving object they see during a certain critical period in their development. strange situation procedure – A researcher observes infants in the presence or absence of their mother and a stranger, and divides the children into three groups: securely attached, avoidant, and anxious/ambivalent. preconventional level – Kohlberg’s first level of moral development, in which morality is based on rewards, punishment, and the exchange of favors. conventional level – Kohlberg’s second level of moral development, in which moral judgments are based on compliance with the rules and values of society. postconventional level – Kohlberg’s highest level of moral development, in which individuals develop personal standards for right and wrong, and they define morality in terms of abstract principles and values that apply to all situations and societies. psychological stages – The eight developmental stages, each involving a crisis that must be successfully resolved, that individuals pass through in Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. identity crisis – Period of serious questioning and intense soul-searching, in which adolescents develop a coherent sense of self and their role in society. sex – Biological maleness and femaleness, including chromosomal sex. Also, activities related to sexual behaviors, such as masturbation and intercourse. gender – Psychological and sociocultural meanings added to biological maleness or femaleness. gender roles – Societal expectations for normal and appropriate male and female behavior. gender schemas – Theory that children learn about what it means to be male and female from the world in which they live, and adjust their behavior to fit in with the gender norms and expectations of their culture. androgyny –The mixing of masculine and feminine characteristics. self – how we define and understand ourselves. individualistic cultures – Cultures in which the needs and goals of the individual are emphasized over the needs and goals of the group.

collectivistic cultures – Cultures in which the needs and goals of the group are emphasized over the needs and goals of the individual. personality-job fit theory – John Holland’s theory that a match between our individual personalities and our career choices is a major factor in determining job success and satisfaction. activity theory of aging – Successful aging is fostered by a full and active commitment to life. disengagement theory – Successful aging is characterized by mutual withdrawal between the elderly and society. socioemotional selectivity theory – A natural decline in social contact as older adults become more selective with their time. thanatology – The study of death and dying. hospice - A type of care and a philosophy of care which focuses on the loving support of a terminally ill patient's symptoms.