Protocol
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Chapter 15
Network Layer Protocols: ARP, IPv4, ICMPv4, IPv6, and ICMPv6 McGraw-Hill
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.1
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Protocols at network layer
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
20.1 ARP Mapping Packet Format Encapsulation Operation
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©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.2
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ARP operation
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.3
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ARP packet
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.4
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Encapsulation of ARP packet
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.5
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Four cases using ARP
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Note: An ARP request is broadcast; an ARP reply is unicast.
McGraw-Hill
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Example 1 A host with IP address 130.23.3.20 and physical address B23455102210 has a packet to send to another host with IP address 130.23.43.25 and physical address A46EF45983AB. The two hosts are on the same Ethernet network. Show the ARP request and reply packets encapsulated in Ethernet frames.
Solution Figure 20.6 shows the ARP request and reply packets. Note that the ARP data field in this case is 28 bytes, and that the individual addresses do not fit in the 4-byte boundary. That is why we do not show the regular 4-byte boundaries for these addresses. Note that we use hexadecimal for every field except the IP addresses.
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©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.6
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Example 1
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20.2 IP Datagram Fragmentation
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©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.7
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IP datagram
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Note: The total length field defines the total length of the datagram including the header.
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©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.8
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Multiplexing
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.9
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Example of checksum calculation
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.10
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MTU
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.11
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Fragmentation example
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
20.3 ICMP Types of Messages
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©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.12
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ICMP encapsulation
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Note: ICMP always reports error messages to the original source.
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©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.13
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Error-reporting messages
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Note: There is no flow control or congestion control mechanism in IP.
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©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.14
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Query messages
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
20.4 IPv6 IPv6 Addresses Categories of Addresses IPv6 Packet Format Fragmentation ICMPv6 Transition McGraw-Hill
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.15
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IPv6 address
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.16
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Abbreviated address
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.17
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Abbreviated address with consecutive zeros
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.18
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CIDR address
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.19
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Format of an IPv6 datagram
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.20
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Comparison of network layers in version 4 and version 6
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.21
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Three transition strategies
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.22
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Three transition strategies
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.23
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Tunneling
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.24
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Header translation
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Network Layer Protocols: ARP, IPv4, ICMPv4, IPv6, and ICMPv6 McGraw-Hill
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.1
McGraw-Hill
Protocols at network layer
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
20.1 ARP Mapping Packet Format Encapsulation Operation
McGraw-Hill
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.2
McGraw-Hill
ARP operation
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.3
McGraw-Hill
ARP packet
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.4
McGraw-Hill
Encapsulation of ARP packet
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.5
McGraw-Hill
Four cases using ARP
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Note: An ARP request is broadcast; an ARP reply is unicast.
McGraw-Hill
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Example 1 A host with IP address 130.23.3.20 and physical address B23455102210 has a packet to send to another host with IP address 130.23.43.25 and physical address A46EF45983AB. The two hosts are on the same Ethernet network. Show the ARP request and reply packets encapsulated in Ethernet frames.
Solution Figure 20.6 shows the ARP request and reply packets. Note that the ARP data field in this case is 28 bytes, and that the individual addresses do not fit in the 4-byte boundary. That is why we do not show the regular 4-byte boundaries for these addresses. Note that we use hexadecimal for every field except the IP addresses.
McGraw-Hill
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.6
McGraw-Hill
Example 1
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
20.2 IP Datagram Fragmentation
McGraw-Hill
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.7
McGraw-Hill
IP datagram
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Note: The total length field defines the total length of the datagram including the header.
McGraw-Hill
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.8
McGraw-Hill
Multiplexing
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.9
McGraw-Hill
Example of checksum calculation
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.10
McGraw-Hill
MTU
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.11
McGraw-Hill
Fragmentation example
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
20.3 ICMP Types of Messages
McGraw-Hill
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.12
McGraw-Hill
ICMP encapsulation
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Note: ICMP always reports error messages to the original source.
McGraw-Hill
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.13
McGraw-Hill
Error-reporting messages
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Note: There is no flow control or congestion control mechanism in IP.
McGraw-Hill
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.14
McGraw-Hill
Query messages
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
20.4 IPv6 IPv6 Addresses Categories of Addresses IPv6 Packet Format Fragmentation ICMPv6 Transition McGraw-Hill
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.15
McGraw-Hill
IPv6 address
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.16
McGraw-Hill
Abbreviated address
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.17
McGraw-Hill
Abbreviated address with consecutive zeros
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.18
McGraw-Hill
CIDR address
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.19
McGraw-Hill
Format of an IPv6 datagram
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.20
McGraw-Hill
Comparison of network layers in version 4 and version 6
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.21
McGraw-Hill
Three transition strategies
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.22
McGraw-Hill
Three transition strategies
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.23
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Tunneling
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 20.24
McGraw-Hill
Header translation
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
