Propaganda Movement

Many Filipinos took refuge in Europe and initiated in Spain a crusade for reforms in the Philippines. The immergence of more Filipino illustrados gave birth to a unified nationalist movement. This campaign was known in our history as the Propaganda Movement.

the nature of the reform movement The middle class denounced Spanish

abuses and asked Spain to make the Philippines a province of Spain. The reformists believed that the Filipinos would be better off if they were to become Spanish citizens enjoying all the rights and privileges of the latter. The assimilation of the Philippines was to be published in a peaceful manner.

Reforms: Equality of the Filipinos and Spaniards before

the law Filipino representative to the Spanish Cortes Secularization of Philippine parishes and the expulsion of the friars. Human rights for the Filipinos Freedom of speech  freedom of the press Freedom to meet/assembly Petition for redress grievances

Del Pilar A lawyer and journalist from Bulacan During Pintakasi (cockfighting day) he spoke

out to the crowd by satirizing corrupt officials and friars. He sought to reached to people through his pen. He wrote anti-friar pamphlets in simple yet forceful Tagalog. He helped established the first bilingual newspaper, Diaryong Tagalog He became the editor in the Tagalog section.

Cont. He released Dasalan at Tocsohan, a manual of

anti-clerical commentary in the format of a novena. He parodied Lord’s Prayer, Hail Mary, Apostles creed, Ten Commandments, Act of Contrition. Del Pilar’s stay in the country became dangerous. His house was burned mysteriously He left the country in October 1888 to escape persecution.

Lopez-Jaena He wrote Fray Botod/Friar fatbelly in 1874. Looked like hungry mosquito and soon

became stout because of the stocks taken from people. Because of his anti-clerical literature, he moved Madrid where he joined other Filipino expatriates into journalism.

Rizal Calamba, Laguna 1882, he went to Madrid to study medicine Socio-historical novel Noli Me tangere in 1887. Noli reflected the defects of the Spanish rule

in the Philippines, particularly the abuses of the friars. The impact of the reading in the Philippines was so intense that it was prohibited in the Philippines.

Other great Filipino reformist: Perdo A. Paterno, lawyer Antonio Luna, pharmacist and essayist Pedro Serrano Laktaw, teacher-tutor of Prince

Alfonso Isabelo de los Reyes, folklorist and newspaperman Juan Luna, painter (spoliarium) Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo, painter

La Solidaridad “Sol”/newspaper/feb. 15, 1889 Solidarity/purely Filipino organization Established in Barcelona on December 31,c

1888. To make known the objectives of the Propaganda. It was printed in Barcelona from Feb to Oct 1889

“sol” contributors M.H. Del Pilar - Plaridel Rizal – Dimas Alang, Laong Laan Mariano Ponce – Naning, Kalipulako,

Tigbalang Antonio Luna – Taga-Ilog Ferdinand Blumentritt Miguel Morayta – Rizal’s professor in University of Madrid

THE AIMS OF LA SOLIDARIDAD To collect, gather libertarian ideas which are

manifested daily in the field of politics, science, art, literature, commerce, agriculture, and industry. To discuss all problems relating to the general interest of the nation To seek solutions to those problems in high-level and democratic manner. DEL PILAR: The removal of the friars and the secularization of the parishes. Active participation in the affairs of the government. Freedom of speech, of the press, and of the assembly A wider social and political freedom Equality before the law Assimilation

Masonry Helped them in their fight for reforms Revolucion – 1st Filipino Masonic lodge

founded by Jaena in Barcelona. Lodge Solidaridad – in Madrid Lodge Nilad – wanted a dignified, free and prosperous country with a democratic regime and genuine and effective autonomy, a good government They wanted reforms, representation in the Spanish Cortes

Cont. Declaration of the country as a Spanish

country With all rights and obligations. As of May 1893, the masonic lodges in the country numbered 35, nine of which were in the city of Manila. They also accepted women as members. Rosario Villaruel – 1st woman to be accepted as member on July 18, 1893. Other female members include; Trinidad Rizal, Romualda Ranuza, Josefa Rizal, Marina

La Liga Filipina Founded by Rizal on July 30, 1892 at the

residence of Doroteo Ongjunco in Ilaya, Tondo, Manila. Ambrosio Salvador as President Deodado Arellano –Vice Bonifacio Arellano – treasurer Agustin Dela Rosa - fiscal

La liga… Sort of a mutual aid and self-help society,

dispensing scholarship funds and legal aids, loaning capital and setting up cooperatives. Unus Instar Omnium (one like all) Served as an avowal of their ideals.

Objectives: Unification of the whole archipelago into one

compact Vigorous and homogenous body Protection in cases of want and necessity Defense against violence and injustices Encouragement of instruction, agriculture and commerce Study and implementation of reforms

Most important reforms of the association Compulsory teaching of Spanish in all schools Suppression of inhuman punishment in all jails

and tribunals of justice Establishment of the civil register and the register of deeds Abolition of the diezmos prediales and the sanctorum Establishments of secondary schools in 2 or 3 provinces of the archipelago Reforms in the University of Sto. Tomas in order to raise it to the rank of the universities in Spain Establishment of agricultural banks

This situation alarmed the Spanish authority. On July 6, 1892, Rizal was secretly arrested by order of Governor General Despujol and subsequently imprisoned at Fort Santiago. The following day, he was deported to Dapitan, Zamboanga del Norte for his allegedly subversive material.

Evaluation Do you think the Propaganda Movement made progress in our struggle for freedom? Cite examples.