Problems In Sexuality And Reproduction
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d e s s e r p e R
il ty a u x e s
Sexual Intercourse with non-regular partners
Source : Sexual Behavioural surveillance survey, 6th Wave, Tamilnadu, by NACO
Condom used during last Non-regular Sex
Casual sex workers Truckers & helpers
male youth slums Men sex with men Intravenous drug users Male factory worker
Source : Sexual Behavioural surveillance survey, 6th Wave, Tamilnadu, by NACO
“High – Risk” Groups Commercial Sex Workers …and their partners Multiple sexual partners Homosexuals Intra-Venous Drug abusers Truck drivers Factory & Construction Workers People already with other STIs
“Bridge groups”
Common STI s Syphilis Chancroid Genital Herpes Hepatitis B Genital warts
Gonorrhoea Chlamydia Candidiasis Scabies & Pubic Louse
Not all STIs have a ‘blood test’ Diagnosis by “Syndromic Approach” ALL STIs are curable People with STIs do not seek timely treatment
Common Symptoms of STI, in men Genital discharge Inguinal Swelling
Genital ulcer lower abdominal pain
A drip or discharge from the penis Sores, lumps, rashes or blisters near the sex organs or mouth Burning or pain when urination or having a bowel movement Swelling in the area near the sex organs Swelling or redness of the throat, fever, chills and aches- like flu
Some common STIs
Ulcer Chancroid
Herpes
Scabies
Factors that increase the risk of STI/HIV Prostitution Broken Homes Sexual disharmony Emotional immaturity Urbanisation International travel Changing behavioral patterns Social stigma Alcoholism Already existing STI
ABC
of “ Safe Sex ”
A – Abstain B – Be faithful C - Condoms Clean Syringes & Needles Safe, Certified Blood Sterilized Instruments for Ear-piercing, Tattooing Barber Shops
What is safe sex? “Safe Sex” is sex which affords NO risk for disease transmission or injury. Abstinence ( not having sex at all) is the most sure way. But this may not be acceptable or realistic. Fantasy, masturbating yourself, hot talk, and non-sexual massage on healthy skin
What is safer sex? “Safer Sex” is any sexual practice that reduces the risk of transmitting HIV/STI from one person to another.
This would include Mutually faithful relation Using condom Avoiding sex when either partner has open sores or any STI
AIDS A cquired I mmuno
( Something that you get )
( Capability of the human body to fight diseases )
D eficiency
( Shortage; reduction )
S yndrome
( A group of symptoms )
!" #!
AIDS Spreads by … Unprotected Sexual Intercourse Blood, Semen, Vaginal secretions
contaminated blood / skin-puncturing equipment Transfusions, Needle / Pricks, I.V.Ds
Mother to her newborn child
Vertical
SIGNS OF AIDS MAJOR SIGNS 1. Weight loss greater than 10% of body weight 2. Severe tiredness lasting for several weeks 3. Diarrhoea for more than one month (on and off or all the time) 4. Fever for longer than one month MINOR SIGNS Swollen glands at two or more sites (excluding the groin) for more than three months Cough and breathlessness for more than one month Itchy skin rashes Cold sores all over the body Pink and purple blotches in the mouth or on the eyelids
Diagnosis of HIV HIV Infection is diagnosed by Blood Tests for Antibodies
HIV Antibody tests usually done are : 1. ELISA test 2. Western Blot test
preliminary / Screening test Confirmatory
Done at most Govt Hospitals Costly
Infection
HIV “Positive” 6 – 10 Years
AIDS
Death
s 4 – 6 Year
Se
ry a d con
s n o i t c e f n I
6 weeks – 3 months
From 3 months upto 2 – 10 years
After 2 – 10 years
HIV Antibodies reach a high titre aprrox 3 months after the virus has entered the body
Anybody who has the virus is a carrier and can infect others
Signs & Symptoms of a disease manifest
If the tests like ELISA & Western blot are done within 3 months, they may be reported as negative. This is known as the window Period
He/She has no symptoms of the disease at this stage. Considered Positive as revealed by a positive test
However the patient will be in a carrier state transmitting the disease to others
A person can be an unknown carrier for years before the virus has destroyed much of the immune system that he/she falls ill
Window Period
HIV Positive
Period of latency for AIDS from the time of HIV Infection
These can be grouped under major or minor conditions
Dies due to opportunistic infections and/or AIDS
AIDS case
il ty a u x e s
Sexual Intercourse with non-regular partners
Source : Sexual Behavioural surveillance survey, 6th Wave, Tamilnadu, by NACO
Condom used during last Non-regular Sex
Casual sex workers Truckers & helpers
male youth slums Men sex with men Intravenous drug users Male factory worker
Source : Sexual Behavioural surveillance survey, 6th Wave, Tamilnadu, by NACO
“High – Risk” Groups Commercial Sex Workers …and their partners Multiple sexual partners Homosexuals Intra-Venous Drug abusers Truck drivers Factory & Construction Workers People already with other STIs
“Bridge groups”
Common STI s Syphilis Chancroid Genital Herpes Hepatitis B Genital warts
Gonorrhoea Chlamydia Candidiasis Scabies & Pubic Louse
Not all STIs have a ‘blood test’ Diagnosis by “Syndromic Approach” ALL STIs are curable People with STIs do not seek timely treatment
Common Symptoms of STI, in men Genital discharge Inguinal Swelling
Genital ulcer lower abdominal pain
A drip or discharge from the penis Sores, lumps, rashes or blisters near the sex organs or mouth Burning or pain when urination or having a bowel movement Swelling in the area near the sex organs Swelling or redness of the throat, fever, chills and aches- like flu
Some common STIs
Ulcer Chancroid
Herpes
Scabies
Factors that increase the risk of STI/HIV Prostitution Broken Homes Sexual disharmony Emotional immaturity Urbanisation International travel Changing behavioral patterns Social stigma Alcoholism Already existing STI
ABC
of “ Safe Sex ”
A – Abstain B – Be faithful C - Condoms Clean Syringes & Needles Safe, Certified Blood Sterilized Instruments for Ear-piercing, Tattooing Barber Shops
What is safe sex? “Safe Sex” is sex which affords NO risk for disease transmission or injury. Abstinence ( not having sex at all) is the most sure way. But this may not be acceptable or realistic. Fantasy, masturbating yourself, hot talk, and non-sexual massage on healthy skin
What is safer sex? “Safer Sex” is any sexual practice that reduces the risk of transmitting HIV/STI from one person to another.
This would include Mutually faithful relation Using condom Avoiding sex when either partner has open sores or any STI
AIDS A cquired I mmuno
( Something that you get )
( Capability of the human body to fight diseases )
D eficiency
( Shortage; reduction )
S yndrome
( A group of symptoms )
!" #!
AIDS Spreads by … Unprotected Sexual Intercourse Blood, Semen, Vaginal secretions
contaminated blood / skin-puncturing equipment Transfusions, Needle / Pricks, I.V.Ds
Mother to her newborn child
Vertical
SIGNS OF AIDS MAJOR SIGNS 1. Weight loss greater than 10% of body weight 2. Severe tiredness lasting for several weeks 3. Diarrhoea for more than one month (on and off or all the time) 4. Fever for longer than one month MINOR SIGNS Swollen glands at two or more sites (excluding the groin) for more than three months Cough and breathlessness for more than one month Itchy skin rashes Cold sores all over the body Pink and purple blotches in the mouth or on the eyelids
Diagnosis of HIV HIV Infection is diagnosed by Blood Tests for Antibodies
HIV Antibody tests usually done are : 1. ELISA test 2. Western Blot test
preliminary / Screening test Confirmatory
Done at most Govt Hospitals Costly
Infection
HIV “Positive” 6 – 10 Years
AIDS
Death
s 4 – 6 Year
Se
ry a d con
s n o i t c e f n I
6 weeks – 3 months
From 3 months upto 2 – 10 years
After 2 – 10 years
HIV Antibodies reach a high titre aprrox 3 months after the virus has entered the body
Anybody who has the virus is a carrier and can infect others
Signs & Symptoms of a disease manifest
If the tests like ELISA & Western blot are done within 3 months, they may be reported as negative. This is known as the window Period
He/She has no symptoms of the disease at this stage. Considered Positive as revealed by a positive test
However the patient will be in a carrier state transmitting the disease to others
A person can be an unknown carrier for years before the virus has destroyed much of the immune system that he/she falls ill
Window Period
HIV Positive
Period of latency for AIDS from the time of HIV Infection
These can be grouped under major or minor conditions
Dies due to opportunistic infections and/or AIDS
AIDS case
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