Presentation On Process Technology Ii: Chemical

PRESENTATION ON CHEMICAL PROCESS TECHNOLOGY II Made by: SOURAV SUTRADHAR

Absorption 



  

Absorption is a physical or chemical phenomenon or a process in which atoms, molecules or ions enter some bulk phase – liquid or solid material. The process of absorption means that a substance captures and transforms energy. The absorbent distributes the material it captures throughout whole. Absorption is a process that may be chemical (reactive) or physical (non-reactive). The reverse of absorption is Desorption. In chemical separation processes, stripping is also referred to as desorption as one component of a liquid stream moves by mass transfer into a vapor phase through the liquid-vapor interface.

Adsorption 

 



Adsorption is the adhesion of atoms, ions or molecules from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid to a surface.Adsorption is the adhesion of atoms, ions or molecules from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid to a surface.

This process creates a film of the adsorbate on the surface of the adsorbent. adsorption process is generally classified as physisorption (characteristic of weak van der Waals forces) or chemisorption (characteristic of covalent bonding).

Adsorption is present in many natural, physical, biological and chemical systems and is widely used in industrial applications.

Distillation 

 



Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation. Distillation is a physical separation process, not a chemical reaction. Cryogenic distillation leads to the separation of air into its components – notably oxygen, nitrogen, and argon – for industrial use. There are many types of distillation, such as; simple distillation, Fractional distillation, steam distillation etc.

Evaporation 







Evaporation is a unit operation that separates a liquid from solids by means of heat transfer via vaporization or boiling.

It refers to the removal of water from a solution by boiling the liquor in a suitable vessel called the evaporator, and withdrawing the vapor. There are two types of evaporation. They are named Single effect evaporation and Multiple effect evaporation.

One very common and important application for evaporation is the cooling tower.

Drying 

 

   

Drying is a mass transfer process consisting of the removal of water or another solvent by evaporation from a solid, semi-solid or liquid. Drying refers to the final removal of water immediately prior to packaging or dispatch. This operation often follows evaporation, filtration, or crystallization.

Drying is carried out for one or more of the following reasons: To reduce the cost of transport. To make a material more suitable for handling, for example, soap powders, dyestuffs, fertilizers. To provide definite properties, such as maintaining the free-flowing nature of salt.

Crystallization 

  



 

Crystallization is defined as a process by which a chemical is converted from a liquid solution into a solid crystalline state. The crystallization process consists of two major events: Nucleation Crystal Growth

Some of the ways by which crystals form are precipitating from a solution, freezing, or more rarely deposition directly from a gas. Crystallization is also a chemical solid–liquid separation technique. crystallization occurs in a crystallizer.

Solidification 

Solidification is the process when a molten liquid becomes a solid.