Presentation 5

Workshop on

Enhancing Teaching Effectiveness: e-Learning Hue, June 11 – 12, 2007 Danang, June 15 - 15, 2007

Presenter: Assistant:

Prof. Tung Bui - University of Hawai’i at Manoa Ky Nguyen - University of Hawai'i at Manoa

This afternoon… IT application in teaching and learning The Internet – an endless source of knowledge

Computer-mediated Communication E-learning Google – a good companion of teachers

Introduction to Moodle (if time allows) 2

IT, Multimedia, and Instructional Technology  IT is an "umbrella" term: the confluence of telecommunication, video, and computing technologies  Multimedia: interactive use of text, audio, still images, video, and graphics  Instructional technology:  systemic and systematic application of strategies and techniques to solve instructional problems  the use of technology (computers, compact disc, interactive media, modem, satellite, teleconferencing, etc.) to support learning?

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Using IT & Multimedia in Higher Education

 IT&MM now has an important place in university and college teaching  IT&MM has created a "new educational culture" (Connick, 1997)  Vietnam’s Education Development strategy 2000 - 2010: “IT applications will be major teaching tools”

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Why IT & MM?  Raised on MTV, video games, e-mail, the Web and instant messaging, students now have developed cognitive thinking patterns that differ from previous generations  In the Information Age, IT&MM keep us updated on the world  Interactive media and smart technologies enhances motivation and communication  IT&MM prepares students for the real world

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Why IT & MM?  IT&MM enhances all 5 major components of teaching & learning  MOTIVATING : • the general context of the didactic environment

 INFORMING : • knowledge and its medium

 ANALYSING : • skills at higher level

 INTERACTING : • making use of various resources

 PRODUCING : • personal construction or "production" 6

Benefits of IT&MM application in education

 can enable students to simulate, visualize, model, and experiment with real-world problems  enables collaboration, interactive learning, and new pedagogical approaches  facilitates the creation, publication, and dissemination of educational materials  can facilitate connections across disciplinary, institutional, geographical, and cultural boundaries

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Benefits of IT&MM application in education

 provides access to world-wide resources  can facilitate the accumulation, generation, and presentation of data  enables inquiry and extend the human capability to visualize, organize, and analyze data  provides immediate feedback to the student, either from the technology itself or the facilitator/instructor

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In higher education, IT&MM are used to enable

 Communication, interaction, and collaboration  Computation, visualization, simulation, and data modeling  Instruction, tutoring, and mentoring  Gathering and filtering of data, consolidation of information, and derivation of knowledge  Combinations of the above instantiated as multimedia, multimodal applications

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IT&MM in Higher Education

The question now is not: “Should we use technology?” The questions we are interested in are:  In what contexts and for what purposes is technology appropriate for learning and teaching?  What do we need to do to ensure that when we use technology for learning and teaching purposes, we use it effectively?'

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IT&MM in education: Elements for success

 The S E C T I O N model

 Student: what is known about them?  Ease of use and reliability  Costs  Teaching and learning  Interactivity  Organizational issues  Novelty: how new is this technology? 11

Discussion In groups of 3 or 4, discuss: Imagine yourselves as IT&MM enthusiastic teachers. How do you think your roles would change in the classroom? What obstacles would you have?

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IT&MM and the role of teachers  Are teachers becoming redundant?  From "sage on the stage" to "guide on the side"  From an instructor to  a constructor  a facilitator  a coach  a creator of learning environments  They now have to  encourage higher levels of cognitive skills  promote information literacy  nurture collaborative working practices 13

Possible drawbacks of IT in education

 Poorly functioning equipment  Over-promotion of technology-based learning to students  Lack of quality in courses delivered by technology  Increased research is required into the effectiveness of IT in the classroom  Teachers and students may not be wellprepared in terms of technology & infrastructure

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IT application in US Education  Students prefer to access subject information on the Internet  IT is everywhere in US education  There have been many positive research findings  Universities have also been adopting computerbased gaming in the classroom  In 2001, the second highest ranked course among Executive MBA students at Harvard Business School was a simulation used to teach global logistics National Education Technology Plan 2004, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

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IT in US Education: A Case Study  In 1994, the Chugach School District (CSD) in Alaska was failing by almost all measures: students scored lowest in the state and only 1 student in 26 years had graduated from college.  CSD used technology to enhance student learning, to improve student technology skills  Overall student use of the Internet increased from 5 percent in 1998 to 93 percent in 2001.  Results have been dramatic: Reading scores rose from the 28th percentile in 1995 to the 71st percentile in 1999; mathematics from 54th to 78th; and language arts from 26th to 72nd.  Fourteen CSD graduates are now attending post-secondary institutions.  In 2001, the district was the smallest organization ever to receive the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award for performance excellence in education.

National Education Technology Plan 2004, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

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IT in US Education: Another Case Study

 The Florida Virtual School  Founded in 1997  Motto: “anytime, any place, any path, any pace”  21,270 students & 150 teachers  Teachers monitor the progress of all students and are available to students by telephone or e-mail  Website http://www.flvs.net

National Education Technology Plan 2004, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

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The Internet: an Ultimate Source of Knowledge at Your Fingertips

What is there on the Internet?  Just email and chat?  Anything and everything you want is readily there in a few seconds  A whole new world for people to communicate and to educate themselves A comprehensive virtual library How much has using the Internet expanded your information horizon? 19

How to explore the Internet most effectively

You learn to do it by doing it! Search engines: all you need is a key word

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Google: the best search engine

Why Google?  BIGGEST search engine database in the world: 25 or more billion pages • • • • •

Google Books Google Scholar Google Video Google News Google Images

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1-minute paper & pair - share

In 1 minute, write down as much as you can about the disadvantages of information on the Internet. Share your paper with a peer. Ask questions and give comments as appropriate.

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Some drawbacks of the Internet in education

 Plagiarism  Information not always “correct”  Too much information to process  Inhibits critical thinking and creativity  It threatens the roles of teachers

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Computer-mediated Communication

What is CMC?  the use of online communication, via the Internet, or specific local area network (LAN) CMC in higher education  Becoming more widely accepted as an effective alternative tool for teaching and learning

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SCMC vs. ACMC Synchronous CMC  Users are online simultaneously  Real-time communication  Examples:  Chat windows (IRC, Instant Messengers)  Audio conferencing  Video conferencing  Cell phone text messaging(?)

Asynchronous CMC  Delayed message system  No real-time interaction  Examples:     

Emails Weblogs News bulletins Discussion boards Online forums

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CMC in teaching & learning

Vygotsky’s theory of ZPD:  learning occurs as a result of meaningful interaction between novices and more knowledgeable beings, such as peers, parents or teachers CMC has an equalizing effect on participation Autonomous learners Learner anxiety decreases

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E-learning: What is it?

E-learning is a mixture of the various preferred learning methods  delivered to the learner through the use of IT  supported with educational instructional design and engaging content E-learning is a vehicle, which uses technology to enhance the traditional approach to learning 27

Instructional design

The design and development of instructional materials and learning activities to meet learning needs Systematic process of translating general principles of learning and instruction into plans for instructional materials and learning

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Characteristics of E-learning

E-learning allows you to learn anywhere and usually at any time E-learning can be CD-ROM-based, Network-based, Intranet-based or Internet-based. It can include text, video, audio, animation and virtual environments It is self-paced, hands-on learning

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Levels of e-learning

Knowledge databases  most basic form of e-learning Online support  forums, chat rooms, online bulletin boards, emails, or live IM Asynchronous training  self-paced learning Synchronous training  real-time with a live instructor facilitating the training 30

E-Learning – what for?  Organization of courses and learners  Presentation of content / learning materials  Stimulation of learner’s activities  Facilitation of learner’s collaboration  Communication between teachers and learners / learners and learners  Feedback and answers to learners  Assessment of learner’s achievements

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E-Learning – but how?  Three Settings  Additional to face-to-face teaching • Easy, fast solutions for beginners  Blended learning • Medium challenge • For slightly advanced users • Rather fast solutions • Big improvement in quality and efficiency  Absolute E-Learning (100% autonomous) • Difficult and expensive • For sophisticated users • Long-term application required

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Benefits of E-learning

less expensive to produce self-paced moving faster consistent message any location and any time can be updated easily and quickly easily managed for large groups of students

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Potential of E-learning in higher education

Site- and time-independent learning Learner-centered learning Individualized learning Just-in-time learning Many open source applications

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Free tools for teaching and learning online

Emails Instant Messengers Forums Blogs Wikis Some web sites (Googlepages.com) Some learning management software (MOODLE) Etc. 35

How to promote E-learning in Vietnam?

Discussion:  In groups of 4, discuss and share your ideas

1. What is the current trend of E-learning in Vietnam? What are some sources of support? 2. What forms of E-learning do you propose for your institution? To what extent?

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Electronic learning and teaching materials

Course Homepage  Course syllabus  Total access to course information  All materials, handouts, and lecture notes, etc., are accessible  Administrative materials  Course policies  Assessment & Grading standards  Learning objectives 37

Introducing Google Page Creator

 A free homepage for your course: Can you believe it?  It’s FREE and VERY EASY  You only need  A PC  Internet connection  A Google account (FREE)

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To begin… open Googlepages.com

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Now begin creating your homepage…

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Choose a layout for your page…

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Choose a look for your page…

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It’s time to input data…

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It’s as easy as A-B-C… YOU CAN -Type texts -Upload pictures -Upload files from your PC

-Create links to webpages -Etc.

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The EDIT tools are very useful

Add images Link to files/webpages Bold & Italic Choose colors Choose font types and size Align texts

Company Logo

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You can always change look and layout

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When you’re done, click PUBLISH

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Your homepage is now online…

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Congratulations!

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Introduction to MOODLE

If time allows, I’ll introduce the MOODLE LMS/CMS and do a quick demo. However, I think we should give them more time for the last “application assignment”.

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Application of ideas  Now get together with people from the same department (or teaching the same subject) as yours

In 10 minutes, try to decide on something you want to teach and design a lesson plan basing on a principle or technique or approach we have discussed.  Write you lesson plan on a blank sheet of paper. I’ll show it on the screen.  You’ll present your lesson plan

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