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NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE • • • • •

Pratyush Gupta Sourav Swain Rudra Pratap Aniket Behra Saswat Pal

Natural Vegetation refers to a plant community that has been left undisturbed over a long period of time.

TYPES OF VEGETATION Tropical Evergreen Forests Tropical Deciduous Forests

Tropical Thorn Forests Montane Forests

Mangrove Forests

Tropical Evergreen Forests 1. They grow in areas of heavy rainfall 200cm and above. 2. There is no definite time for trees to shed their leaves. 3. Areas of western ghats and the island groups of lakshadweep , andaman and nicobar, upper part of assam and the tamil nadu coast. 4. Trees- ebony, mahogany, rosewood, rubber and cinchona. 5. Animals – elephants, monkey , lemur, deer and the one horned rhinoceros.

Tropical Deciduous Forests 1. They grow in areas receiving rainfall between 200cm and 70cm. 2. The trees shed their leaves for about 6 to 8 weeks in the dry summer. 3. Areas in eastern part of india , North eastern states along the foot hills , the Himalayas, jharkhand , orrissa, chattisgarh, on the western slope of western ghats, madhya prdesh, bihar and uttar prdesh. 4. Trees – teak , bamboo, sal, shisham, sandalwood. 5. Animals – lion,Tiger, deer, elephants.

The Thorn Forests and Scrubs 1. These forests are found in region receiving less than 70cm of rainfall consists of thorny trees and bushes. 2. Found in rajasthan, madhya prdesh, chattisgarh, uttar prdesh and haryana. 3. Trees are scattered and have long roots penetrating deep into the soil in order to get moisture. 4. Trees – acacias, palms, euphorbias and cacti. 5. Animals – rats, mice, rabbits, Fox, wolf, Tiger, lion, wild ass, horses and camels.

Montane Forests 1. These forests are found in mountainous areas in high altitude. 2. Mainly found in the southern slope of Himalayas and high altitude region of North eastern india. 3. Animals – kashmir stag, wild sheep, yak, snow leopard etc. 4. Conferous trees like pine, deodar, silver fir etc.

Mangrove Forests 1. These forests are found in coastal areas where mud and silt gets accumulated. 2. Deltas of river ganga, krishna, godavari, are covered with such forests. 3. Common animals found here are royal bengal tiger, crocodiles, turtles, snakes etc. 4. They contain palm, coconut, agar, screw trees.

INDIAN WILDLIFE  India is rich in its fauna.  It has approx 90,000 of animal species.  It has about 2,000 species of birds.  There are 2,546 species of fishes.  India is the only country in the world that has both tigers and lions.  The elephants are the most majestic animals among the mammals.  Birds life in India is very much colourful.

CONSERVATION  About 1300 plant species are endangered and 20 species ate extinct.  A few animal species are endangered and some have become extinct.  Fourteen biosphere reserves have been set up in the country to protect flora and fauna.  Project tiger , Project Rhino , Project great indian buster and many other projects have been introduced.  89 national park, 490 wildlife sanctuaries and zoological gardens have been setup to take care of natural heritage.