Presentation 1 Icupdate Basics

Infection Control Lecture 

KFHU Healthcare Infection Control 2004

10/22/08

1

10/22/08

2

10/22/08

3

The Infection Control Team 





Infection Control Committee Chairman: Dr. Huda Bukhari Infection Control Associate Director: Mrs. Basmah Al Marzooq Infection Control Nurse: Mrs. Juanita S. Changco

10/22/08

4

10/22/08

5

10/22/08

6

10/22/08

7

10/22/08

8

10/22/08

9

10/22/08

10

How Else Can HCWs Reduce Risks to Patients?

10/22/08

11 http://ottawa.ca/city_services/yourhealth/chronicdisease/influenza_en.shtml

10/22/08

12

DEFINITION OF TERMS 



 





Antiseptic – A chemical germicide formulated for use on living tissue. Disinfectant – A chemical germicide formulated for use on nonliving items. Sterile – Completely free of all micro-organisms. Cleaning – Removal of foreign material from an item. This usually involves friction and washing with a detergent or disinfectant to remove contamination, followed by rinsing and thorough drying. Sterilization – A procedure that kills all bacteria (including large numbers of endospores), fungi and viruses. Operationally, sterilization is a process that results in a probability of a microorganism surviving on an item of less than 1 in 1 million (1x10-6). Decontamination – A process that renders a contaminated item 13 safe 10/22/08 to handle (reasonably free from the likelihood of

CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTISEPTIC AGENTS Group and subgroup

Alcohols

Grampositive bacteria

Gramnegativ e bacteri a

Mycobacterium tuberculosi s

Excellent

Excellent

Excellent

Fungi

Virus

Excelle nt

Excelle nt

Speed of killing sensitive bacteria

Inactivated by mucus or protein

Fast

Moderat e

Comments

Optimum strength 70% to 90% with added emolients (glycerine or cetyl alcohol is less drying), not recommended for physical cleaning of skin; good for hand antisepsis and for surgical site preparation. Optimum concentration 60%95%; no persistent activity Chlorhexidine Excellent Good Fair Fair Excelle IntermeMinimal Has persistent effect; good for 2% and 4% nt diate both hand washing and aqueous surgical site or preoperative patietn skin preparation; do not use near mucous membranes; toxic effects on ears and eyes reported; activity neutralized by noniomic surfactants. Persistent activity; rare allergic reactions Note: +++ Excellent; ++ Good but nodes not include the entire spectrum; + Fair; - no activity or not sufficient. Hexachlorophene is not included because it is no longer an accepted ingredient of hand disinfectants. * Activity improved by addition of chelating agent such as EDTA. Some of these agents, such as iodine or chlorhexidine are combined with alcohol to form tinctures and are available in the combined formulation.

10/22/08

14

CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTISEPTIC AGENTS (cont’d) Group and subgroup

Grampositive bacteria

Gramnegativ e bacteri a

Mycobacterium tuberculosi s

HexachloroPhene 3% aqueous

Good

Poor

Poor

Poor

Iodine compounds, iodine in alcohol

Excellent

Excellent

Excellent

Iodophors

Excellent

Excellent

Fair

10/22/08

Speed of killing sensitive bacteria

Inactivated by mucus or protein

Poor

Slow

Minimal

Good

Excelle nt

Intermediate

Marked

Good

Good

Intermediate

Moderat e

Fungi

Virus

Comments

Provides persistent, cumulative activity after repeated use (washing with alcohol reduces persistent action), can be toxic when absorbed from skin especially in premature infants; good for hand washing but not for surgical site preparation; limited spectrum of Causes skin”burns,” antimicrobial activity.but this is unusual with 1% tincture, especially if it is removed after several minutes; too irritating for hand washing but excellent for surgical site preparation.` Less irritating to the skin than iodine; good for both hand washing and surgical site preparation; rapidly neutralized in presence of organic materials such as blood or sputum

15

CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTISEPTIC AGENTS (cont’d) Group and subgroup

Grampositive bacteria

Gramnegativ e bacteri a

Mycobacterium tuberculosi s

Para-chlorometa-xylenol (PCMX)

Good

Fair*

Fair

Fair

Phenol derivatives

Excellent

Fair

Fair

Fair

Triclosan

Excellent

Good

Fair

Quaternary ammonium compounts

Fair

Good

-

Fungi

-

Speed of killing sensitive bacteria

Inactivated by mucus or protein

Fair

Intermediate

Minimal

Fair

Intermediate

Excelle nt

Intermediate

Fair

Slow

Virus

Comments

Activity neutralized by nonionic surfactants. ِActivity neutralized by nonionic surfactants

Minimal

Acceptability on hands varies Used only in combination with alcohols; ecologic concerns

Note: Excellent; Good but nodes not include the entire spectrum; Fair; - no activity or not sufficient. Hexachlorophene is not included because it is no longer an accepted ingredient of hand disinfectants. * Activity improved by addition of chelating agent such as EDTA. Some of these agents, such as iodine or chlorhexidine are combined with alcohol to form tinctures and are available in the combined formulation.

10/22/08

16

10/22/08

17

10/22/08

18

10/22/08

19

10/22/08

20

10/22/08

21

10/22/08

22

10/22/08

23

10/22/08

24

10/22/08

25

Any Questions??? 

Thank you for not asking!!!

10/22/08

26

10/22/08

27