Pravin Final

SOCIOTECHNICAL & SOCIOCLINICAL STEM Abhishek garg [email protected] 09962481572

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Sociotechnical & Socioclinical Stem

Sociotechnical & Socioclinical Stem  The Fourth Stem  Work of Tavistock Clinic in England  Ignorance of the psychological and social needs of the workers but concentrating more on the technology used  Analysis and Interventions.

The sociotechnical system

Contributor s to Sociotechnical & Clinical Stem

 W.R. Bion, Rickman, and Others  Eric Trist  Tavistock- US Links (leaders)

1. W.R. BROWN; RICKMAN; & OTHERS

Studies in Group Behavior

W.R. BROWN; RICKMAN; & OTHERS  Part of the Tavistock Institute / Clinic  Professional staffs – influenced by innovations like: - World War II application of social psychology - Work of W.R. Bion & Rickman in Group theory - Lewin’s notions on social research - Lewin’s theory with action research.

 Northfield Experiment: In a military hospital near Birmingham during World War II. - Each soldier asked to join a group - Group performed a task (e.g: handicraft ) - Discussed Feelings, interpersonal relations, & administrative & managerial problems - Insights/ results- carried over to Bion’s theory of Group Behavior.

2. ERIC TRIST:

“Group Dynamics and Socio-technical approaches.”

W hat is Gr oup Dynamics ???  Study of Groups.  Understanding the behavior of people in a group.  Group Vs Individual comparisons.

Socio-technical appr oachHow did it arise ??? Eric Trist (1947) visited a British coal mine – [work design] IMPORTANCE GIVEN ONLY TO MECHANIZED PROCESSES

The social and technical systems must integrate and assist one another. (Joint Optimization).

 Low Productivity due to mechanization.  Co-ordination Problems.  Inhibition of team work and team development.  No monetary & non-monetary benefits.

Socio-technical appr oachHow did it arise ???.......  Insights into Lewin’s work on Group Dynamics  Insights into Bion’s work on leaderless groups  Insights into systems concepts of Von Bertalanffy and Andras Angyal

- helped to create a new approach to mine problems

Gr oup Dynamics & Sociotechnical appr oaches • Group Behavior in Sociotechnical environments or stems • Behaviors of groups changed depending on conditions of the sociotechnical environment. • Work (working systems) had to be redesigned. • Experiments conducted on work designs. • Social system + Technical System = Success

• More work group interactions than that of individuals. • Properly Structured work groups + technology can: - provide incentives - provide assistance - provide social support.

Experiments in Wor k Designs

• Industrial Democracy • Open Systems • Sociotechnical Systems

Industrial Democr acy  Involves workers making decisions, sharing responsibility and authority in the workplace.  Industrial democracy increases productivity and service delivery from a more fully engaged and happier workforce.  This combined with the technical assistance can reap huge benefits.

Open Systems  Inputs got from the environment and outputs are produced.  Communication is encouraged.  Knowledge sharing is encouraged.  Therefore works are redesigned accordingly.

Sociotechnical Systems  The integration of the Social systems and the technical systems.  The technical system includes machinery, processes, procedures and a physical arrangement.  The social system includes people and their habitual attitudes, values, behavioral styles, relationships, reward systems, etc.

3. Tavistock – US Links  Established in 1920  To provide psychotheraphy  Group focus emerged  Action research mode also emerged  Tavistoc leaders had established contacts with US leaders.

 Robert blake and Waren Bennis studied at Tavistock.  Socio Technical approach  Focus on teams and use of action research

 Quality of work life and Total Quality Management are amalgamations of OD.

Example – socio technical  High levels of Competition  Only way to differentiate- Low cost  Redesigned Work- The Sociotechnical Way  1 - Included Employees in each step of analysis & redesign of Socio-technical systems Invested in their employees to learn (motivation)  2 - Improved production systems- rigid production systems with flat flexible and participative systems.

II. SocioClinical Stem  A multidisciplinary, humanistic field that assesses and reduces problems through analysis and intervention of projects, etc.  Clinical analysis - assessment of beliefs, policies and practices with an eye toward improving the situation.  Intervention – the creation of new systems as well as the change of existing systems, is based on continuing analysis.

T he Sociologists:  Specialty Areas: Ethnic Relations or organization analysis.  Use range of research methods.  Case Analysis.  Quantitative and Qualitative research skills for assessment and evaluation.

The Major Activities involved in socio-clinical stem:  Develops and implements corrective procedures to alleviate group dysfunctions  Observes group interaction and interviews group members to identify problems (e.g), group organization, authority relationships, and role conflicts.  Develops intervention procedures, using interviews, consultations, role playing, and participant observation of group interaction, to facilitate resolution of group problems.  Monitors group interaction and role affiliations to evaluate progress and to determine need for additional change.

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