Pratibha 91 To 100

-Ñ-Ø√-úø’

II Anu:

Hi Suma, Wish a very Happy New Year of better communication. English

(†’´¤y -Ñ Ææç-´-ûªq®Ωç-™ ¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫©-´-E ؈’ éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o).

Suma: Same to you, Anu. We are going to have a party on the occasion, aren't we? party

(´’†ç Ñ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ ûª’Ø√oç éπü∆?)

-îËÆæ’éÓ-¶-

Anu:

Pavani said so yesterday, didn't she? ( Suma: I am giving the party, aren't I? party Anu: Yes, it is your turn this time. turn= Suma: I am giving the party alright, but I am not making the arrangements, am I? party

-§ƒ-´-E -E-†o -Å-™« -Åç-C. éπü∆?

(؈’ éπü∆

É´y-¶-ûª’-†oC?)

(Å´¤†’ Ñ≤ƒJ F´çûª’...

´çûª’)

(؈’ ÉÆæ’h-Ø√o†’. à®√pô’x -ØË-†’ îË-ߪ’ôç -™‰-ü¿’ éπü∆?)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 91

lesson question tags sentences 1. aren't we? 2. didn't she? 3. aren't I? 4. am I? 5. aren't you? 6. doesn't it, etc. aren't we? didn't she? aren't you? etc., question tags form question tags.... 1. aren't I? 2. am I? sentences: 1) I am giving the party, aren't I? rule stem 'I am giving the party' verb, am giving question tag am, n't (stem not I question tag, amn't I? aren't I I?) I begin sentence verb, am+ not question tag aren't I? amn't I? question tag English stem not question tag am I? ( I am not making the arrangements, am I? stem not

É°æ¤úø’ Ñ

Ö†o

- ≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 2 -ï-†-´-J 2006

v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µºç™E Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™... í∫´’-Eü∆lç.

OöÀ™x Ñ -´’†èπ◊ éÌûËhO’é¬ü¿’.ÉN ᙫ îËߪ÷™ ´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. É°æ¤úø’ ´’†èπ◊ éÌûªhí¬ ´*a† ÉN Ö†o

´’†ç Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o v°æ鬮Ωç ™ Ééπ\úø 鬕öÀd, ™ ü∆E ûª®√yûª ™ ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd), ü∆E ûª®√yûª ´*a, Å¢√L éπü∆. ¢Á·ûªhç (ÇØ˛d ÅE ´≤ÚhçC. ÉC é¬E Ééπ\úø ÅßË’u î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç. ûÓ ™ í¬ ÖçúÕ, ™‰éπ-§ÚûË, á°æ¤púø÷ í¬ØË Öçô’çC. ÅØË ™ ™‰ü¿’. ÅüË ™ Öçõ‰, Å°æ¤úø’ ´’Sx Ééπ\úø

™

ÖçC)

f) might..., - mightn't? g) have..., - haven't...? has..., hasn't...? h) had..., - hadn't...? i) need..., needn't...? (pron: j) should..., shouldn't ...? k) would..., wouldn't...?
stem not verbs subject example 1) a) Sachin could play well, couldn't he? b) Sachin could not play well, could he? 2) a) Ramesh will help you, won't he? b) Sudha will not / won't help you, will she?

(¢Á’iõ„Ø˛d) – î√© Å®Ω’ü¿’.

FØ˛d) (≠æflØ˛d...?) (ÖØ˛d?) ™ Öçõ‰ Ææ´’ÊÆu ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? ™ îÁ§ƒhç. ¢Á·ü¿öÀ ´÷ô îÁ°œp, îª÷ü∆lç.

Ah here comes Bhargavi. Hi Bhargavi, We are talking about the party. You are making all the arrangements, aren't you? party

(ÉCíÓ ¶µ«®Ω_N. ¶µ«®Ω_O, ¢Ë’ç í∫’-Jç-* ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç. à®√p-ôxFo †’´¤y îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤ éπü∆?)

Bhargavi: I am. I am getting the money from Suma, aren't I? suma

(îËÆæ’h-Ø√o†’. ¢√L éπü∆?)

Suma:

ü¿í∫_®Ω úø•’s©’ BÆæ’éÓ-

Bhargavi: That doesn't matter as long as I don't spend.

(؈’ úø•’s ê®Ω’a °ôd-†ç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ °∂æ®Ω-¢√™‰-ü¿’-™‰) as long as- so long as = ÅC ïJ-Íí-´-®Ωèπ◊, Ç °æü¿l¥-A™.so long as ´÷´‚-©’í¬ 'not' Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ ¢√-úøû√ç. As long as á°æ¤p-úÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a. Suma & Anu: Thank you.

Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù í∫-ûªç-™- -´-*a-† È®çúø’ lessons ™ (question tags °j -´-*aç--C) -™«í¬-ØË -Öç-C éπ-ü∆. äéπ\-≤ƒJ ´’Sx, don't, doesn't, didn'tûÓ ´îËa question tag N≠æߪ’ç îª÷ü∆lç. Bhushan: You get up quite early, don't you?

(†’´¤y î√™« °çü¿-™«úË Evü¿-™‰-≤ƒh´¤, éπü∆) (†’´¤y èπÿú≈ ÅçûË éπü∆?) (O’ 10éÀ éπü∆, †’´¤y Ç©-Ææuçí¬ Evü¿-™‰-´îª’a, éπü∆?) But our school started at 7.30, didn't it? so I got used to getting up early. school 7.30

(´’† èπ◊çúËC éπü∆? Åçü¿’éπE Å©-¢√-ô-®·-§Ú-®·çC.) Get used to = Å©-¢√-ô’-°æ-úøôç. I have got used to the hot weather here = (Ééπ\úÕ ¢ËúÕéÀ ؈-©-¢√ô’ °æúÕ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’). ´’Sx í∫’®Ω’h-îË-Ææ’èπ◊çü∆ç 1) 'Get up' ÅØË Regular doing word verb Å®· not ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd. Question tag, 'don't you?' 2) 'Begins' ÅØË second regular doing word verb Å®· not ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd, question tag, 'doesn't it?' 3) 'started' ÅØË past doing word verb Å®·, not ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd, question tag, 'didn't it?' (Didn't pronunciation - úÕØ˛d)

Spoken English

™

™

™‰ü¿’)

ÖçC)

3) a) Ameet has scored good marks, hasn't he? b) Ameet hasn't (has not) passed, has he?

É™« N’í∫-û√-N ¶«í¬ practice îËÊÆhØË M. SURESAN question tags éπÈ®èπ◊dí¬ form îËߪ’-í∫©ç. Question tags ™‰E Ææ綵«-≠æù î√-™« EKb-´çí¬ Öçô’çC.

(No not in the stem) b) I am not a fool, am I?

Now practice the following in English:

(ØËØËç ´‚®Ω’^-úÕo é¬ü¿’, éπü∆? (not in the stem) 鬕öÀd 'I' N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-LqçC– a) Stem™ not ™‰èπ◊çõ‰, question tag aren't I? (verb, 'am+' Å®·ûË) b) stem ™ not ÖçúÕ, verb 'am+' Å®·ûË question tag, 'am I?'

´’Sx éÌEo Éûª®Ω verb farms éÌîËa question tags Ééπ\úø ÉÆæ’hØ√oç. í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓçúÕ. É´Fo èπÿú≈ stem™ not Ö†o-°æ¤púø’. a) Shall..., - shan't...? b) will.., - won't..? c) can..., _can't...? d) could..., couldn't...? (couldn't - pronunciation e) may..., - mayn't?

(èπ◊Ø˛d)

(¢Á’ß˝’Ø˛d?)

books

Revathi: Jyothi: Santhi:

Ñ´’üµ¿u innerwear ÅØË word èπÿú≈ ¢√úø’-éπ-™éÀ ´≤ÚhçC. Innerwear correct Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéà (usage ™éÀ ´≤ÚhçC), î√™«-´’ç-CéÀ Å®Ωnçé¬éπ-§Ú´îª’a. áèπ◊\-´-´’ç-CéÀ Å®Ωnç ÅßË’u-´÷ô under-

ÖØ√o®·. ¢√öÀ™x éÌçîÁç ´’ç*N.

Underwear Innerwear

(-Åç-úø®˝-¢Ë®˝) -Åç--ö«®Ω’. (-É-†o®˝-¢Ë®˝) -Å-E -á-ç-ü¿’éπ-†®Ω’?2) •Ææ’q -áÍé\-ô°æ¤p-úø’, Æœ-E-´÷£æ…-∞¡x -ü¿í∫_®Ω -öÀÈé\-ôxèπ◊ ´®ΩÆæ-véπ-´’ç-™ ®√-´-ú≈-EéÀ 'Q' '°æ-ü¿l¥-A -§ƒ-öÀç-îªç-úÕ Å-E -¶®Ω’f-©’ç-ö«®·. Íé-´-©ç Q -Åéπ~®Ωç ´÷-vûª-¢Ë’ Ê°®Ì\ç-ö«®Ω’. -´®ΩÆæ-véπ-´÷-EéÀ, -Ñ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ -Åéπ~®√EéÀ Ææç-•ç-üµ¿ç -à-N’-öÀ? – -vQ-E-¢√Æˇ, -N’®√u-©í∫÷-úø

-ï-¢√-•’:

1) Underwear - (Underware

é¬ü¿’)– ™ü¿’-Ææ’h©’– ´’†ç •ßª’-öÀéÀ éπ†-°æúË ü¿’Ææ’h©- éÀç-ü¿ üµ¿JçîË ü¿’Ææ’h©’ é¬-•-öÀd Underwear Åçö«®Ω’.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

1)

1) Spoken English

™ î√™«

-v°æ-¨¡o: 1) ≤ƒ-üµ∆®Ω-ùçí¬ -™--ü¿’Ææ’h-©-†’ -É-ç-Tx-≠ˇ-™

Answers: Ganesh: Hi, Mahesh, you went to a movie last night, didn't you. Mahesh: I told you (that) I would (go), didn't I? Ganesh: You told me, yes. But I didn't think you'd go. Mahesh: When I say something, I am serious, aren't I? Ganesh: But I am not serious about movie matters, am I? Mahesh: I feel happy when I go to a movie with my friends, don't I ? Why didn't you come? Ganesh: I was very busy yesterday. I am the fan of the hero of the movie. Yesterday aren't I? I am sorry I missed the movie. Santhi: Hey, you are joking at me, aren't you? Revathi: I am not at all talking, am I, Jyothi? Jyothi: I am reading the novel, aren't I? Santhi: I am mistaken, aren't I? You are good people. Revathi: I am the serious type, aren't I ? I don't like jokes at all. Jyothi: I am interested only in studies, aren't I ? I don't know how to joke, do I? Santhi: You never joke at others? do you? Revathi: I don't know about Jyothi, but I am always serious.

-ï-¢√-•’:

English èπ◊ Ææç-•ç-Cµç-* -´’ç-* -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’í∫-©®Ω’. – -P-K-≠æ, -ïçí¬È®-úÕfí∫÷-úÁç

Spoken English books market English conversation by Grant Taylor; Spoken English for you by G.Radhakrishna Pillai and K.Rajeevan.

O’®Ω’ Ø√ O’ü¿ jokes ¢ËÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’, éπü∆? ؈-Ææ©’ ´÷-ö«xúøôç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆, Jyothi? ØËØË¢Á÷ Ñ †´© îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√o†’. åØ√? ØËØË §Ò®Ω-°æ-ú≈f†’, éπü∆? O’®Ω’ ´’ç*-¢√∞¡Ÿx §ƒ°æç. ØËØË serious type éπü∆? Ø√éπ-Ææ©’ jokes †îªa´¤. ؈’ studies ™ØË interested, éπü∆? Ø√éπ-Ææ©’ joke îËߪ’ôç ®√ü¿’, éπü∆? O’®Ω-Ææ©’ Éûª-®Ω’© O’ü¿ jokes ¢Áߪ’u®Ω’, éπü∆? Jyothi N≠æߪ’ç Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü¿’. ؈’ ´÷vûªç á°æ¤púø÷ serious.

E†o ®√vA †’´¤y ÆœE´÷èπ◊ 2) -¢Á-∞«}´¤ éπü∆? Mahesh: Å´¤†’, ¢Á∞«h-†E îÁ§ƒp†’. åØ√? Ganesh: îÁ§ƒp-´¤™‰. é¬F †’´¤y ¢Á∞«h-´-†’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’. Mahesh: ØËØË-ü¿-®·Ø√ -îÁ-G-ûË serious í¬ØË Öçö«†’, éπü∆? Ganesh: cinema N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ؈’ ´÷vûªç serious 鬆’, éπü∆? Mahesh: ؈’ Ø√ friends ûÓ ÆœE-´÷-Èé∞Ïh ÆæçûÓ-≠œ≤ƒh†’ éπü∆? E†o †’´¤y Ø√ûÓ ®√™‰üËç? Ganesh: E†o î√-™« busy í¬ ÖØ√o. †’-´¤y ¢Á-Rx-† cinema hero fan éπü∆ ؈’? ؈’ ®√™‰-ü¿E ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úø’-ûª’Ø√o.

1) Ganesh: Hi Mahesh,

-v°æ-¨¡o: Spoken -ï-¢√-•’:

That's right, do you, don't you?

Bhushan: Your college begins at 10, doesn't it? so you can get up late, can't you? college Dhiraj:

îª÷ü∆lç.

؈÷ O’™«í∫ ¶µ«®Ω-B-ߪ·-úÕØË éπü∆?

I am ready. Thank you for making all the arrangements. You are taking trouble. aren't you? trouble

(ØËE-´y-ö«-EéÀ Æœü¿l¥ç. é¬F †’´¤y BÆæ’èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤ éπü∆?)

Dhiraj:

examples a) I am Andhra, aren't I? (stem not b) I am not an American, am I? (stem not 2) a) I am getting good marks, aren't I? (No not in the stem) b) I am not troubling you, am I? (Not in the stem) 3) a) I am an Indian like you, aren't I?

´’J-éÌEo

Santhi:

Revathi:

do you, don't you? Anu:

2) Santhi: Revathi: Jyothi:

wear. 2)

´®Ω-Ææ-véπ-´’ç™ E©-•úÕ Öçúø-ö«-EéÀ English Åéπ~®Ωç Q é¬ü¿’ – Q Ü®Ω-éπØË Å™« ¢√úø-û√®Ω’, Thank you ™ You èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ Thank U ¢√úÕ-†ô’x. ´®Ω-Ææ -véπ-´’ç™ Å®Ωnç ´îËa English word Queue. Please queue up ÅØË -•-ü¿’©’, Please Q up Åçö«®Ω’, fancy í¬. People queued for the tickets.

-v°æ-¨¡o: 1) Spoken english èπ◊,

written english èπ◊ -ûË-ú≈-©-†’ -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. 2) having been -à Ææç-ü¿®Ωs¥ç-™ -´Ææ’hç-C? 3) Spelling mistakes Ææ-J-îËÆæ’-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ Ææ-©£æ… -É-´yí∫-©®Ω’. – °œ.-á-Ø˛.-†Í®-¨¸, °æ-J-T

î√™« simple í¬, Å®Ωl¥-´’-´-ú≈EéÀ 鬮Ω-ùç Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬, Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ Öç-úø-úøç. °æ‹Jh sentences Öçúø-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. Written English ÉçéÌçîÁç °æü¿l¥-Aí¬, °æ‹Jhí¬ grammatical í¬, éÌClí¬ éÀx≠d-¢æ Á’i† ´÷ô©’, ¢√é¬u-©ûÓ Öç-úÌa. 2) Having been = Å®· Ö†oç-ü¿’-´©x Having been deceived by him once, I don't trust him any more

äéπ-≤ƒJ ؈-ûª-E-îËûª ¢Á÷Ææ-Tç-îª-•úÕ Ö†oç-ü¿’-´©x ÅûªEo ؈’ ´’Sx †´’t†’. Having been selected he is happy select

Å®· Ö†oç-ü¿’-´©x Åûª†’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖØ√oúø’. 3) Spelling mistakes ûªí¬_-©çõ‰ ´÷ô-©†’ syllables í¬ N¶µº->ç* spelling Ç™-*ç-îªçúÕ. ûªí∫’_û√®·. Syllable Åçõ‰ ÅaûÓ Ö†o °æü¿-¶µ«í∫ç. Construction. DØÓx con, struc, tion -Å-ØË -´‚úø’ syllables ÖØ√o®·. É™« devide îËÆæ’èπ◊E spelling Ç™-*ç-îªçúÕ. ûª°æ¤p©’ ûªí∫’_-û√®·.

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

Ðû¦è[ª-

II Sunil: Hi Ramesh, the Megastar phoned me last night and asked for a few tips on acting.

(óÀª ô¢î¶ªøÉ Eìo-ô¦vA ޥ-þ§dô û¦ÚÛª ðƼûË à¶ú‡ ìåì ÞœªJÙ# Ú•Eo ú£«àŸ-ìõª Íè…-Þ¥è[ª.) Ramesh: Oh, did he?

(Íö°Þ¥?) Sunil: And what is more, he wanted to see me about a future movie of his. Unfortunately I am very busy you know. So I couldn't give him an appointment.

(ÏÙÚ¥ ÔÙæ˺ êµõªþ§, ÍêŸè[ª ìæ¨Ù-àŸ-ò˺꟪ìo Ú•êŸh ú‡E÷« ÞœªJÙ# ììªo ÚÛõª-ú£ª-ÚÁî¦-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦o-ìE Íû¦oè[ª. Ú¥F ë]ªô¢-ë]'ù£d-÷-ø‹êŸªh û¶ìª à¦ö° G@ ÚÛë¯? ÎóŸª-ìÚÛª

ú£ô¢Ù. Íö°¸Þ question tags Ú¥ÚÛªÙè¯, Ð lesson ö˺E Ramesh responses ö˺E short questions - Oæ¨E response questions ÍÙæ°Ù. Ïö°Ùæ¨N ÚÛ«è¯ conversation ÚÛª ú£ï£°-á-ê¦y-Eo-þ§hô³. Question tags ö°¸Þ ÏN-ÚÛ«è¯ ÍÙêŸ-ÚÛª÷³Ùë]ª sentenceìª ñæ¨d ÷ú£ªhÙ-æ°ô³. î¦æ¨-E-ñç¶d Oæ¨Ú¨ Íô¢nÙ ÷ú£ªhÙ-åªÙC. Íô³ê¶ êµõª-Þœªö˺ Oå-Eo-æ¨Ú© Ö¸Ú Íô¢nÙ– Íö°Þ¥? ÍE. ÏN ÓÚÛª\-÷Þ¥ ÖÚÛô¢ª àµí‡pì Nù£óŸªÙ ÷ªìÙ ì÷ªt-ö¶-E-CÞ¥ Ñìoí£±pè[ªÞ¥E, ÷ªìÚÛª ÎøŒaô¢uÙ/Îú£Ú¨h ÚÛL-TÙචNù£-óŸª-i-ì-í£±p-è[ª-Þ¥E î¦è[ê¦Ù. šíj ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£-éö˺ Ramesh ú response questions ÍFo ÍêŸìª ì÷ªt-ö¶E Nù£-óŸ«-õìª êµLóŸª-â¶ú£ªh-û¦oô³ ÚÛë¯! Sunil ÚÛª Megastar phone à¶óŸªè[Ù, ú£«àŸ-ì-õ-è[-Þœè[Ù ö°Ùæ¨N. Ïö°Ùæ¨ responses Oªô¢« practice à¶óŸªÙè…. Íô³ê¶ Ð

ñªëÅ]î¦ô¢Ù 4 áì÷J 2006

(ÍJÚ¥ö˺ ÚÛí£±p Ú¥íƈ ÖÚÛ è¯õôÂ. ÍÙç¶ ë¯ë¯í£± 50 ô¢«ð§-óŸªõª.)

Í÷±û¦... Íö°Þ¥!?

û¶ìª Íð§-ô³Ù-æËÀ-ÙæËÀ Ï÷y-ö¶-ÚÛ-ð¼-óŸ«ìª.) Appointment ÷«÷´õª Íô¢nÙ ÑëÁuÞœÙ. Ú¥F appointment ÚÛª ÏÚÛ\è[ î¦è…ì NëÅ]ÙÞ¥ Íô¢nÙ = ÚÛõªú£ªÚÁè¯-EÚ¨ ú£÷ªóŸªÙ, àÁåª Eô¢g-ô³Ù-àŸè[Ù. Ramesh: Oh! Is that so? I didn't know (I haven't known) that you are so great.

Preethi: Does it?

(Í÷±û¦?)

responses subject

ìª ñæ¨d,

ÍÙêŸ-ÚÛª-÷³Ùë]ª sentence ö˺E ìª ñæ¨d form à¶þ§hÙ.

verb

costs II Regular Doing Word response 'does', coffee 'it' 'Does it?'

ÏÚÛ\è[

Pramod: Two or three ministers consult me whenever they have problems.

(Ïë]lô¢ª ö¶ë¯ ÷³Þœª_ô¢ª ÷ªÙv꟪õª ú£÷ª-

ÍÙç¶

Ú¥ñæ¨d ÍÙë]ª-ÚÛE

Prema: Though she is not healthy, her husband does not help her.

(ÎÚÛª ÎôÁÞœuÙ ò°ÞÁ-ö¶-ÚÛð¼-ô³û¦ Î òÅ¡ô¢h ÔÙ ú£ï£„óŸªÙ à¶óŸªè[ª.)

(Íö°Þ¥, ìª÷yÙêŸ Þ•í£p-î¦-è…÷E û¦ÚÛª ÏÙêŸ ÷ô¢ÚÛª êµLóŸªë]ª).

Sujana:

O,

Doesn't

he?

(à¶óŸªè¯?)

Sunil: Only the megastar knows my greatness.

verb does (not) help response 'does. Kumar: The actor who played Samson fought with a real lion, you know?

Ú¥ñæ¨d

ö˺

(ޥ-þ§d-ôÂ¸Ú û¦ Þ•í£p-ë]ìÙ êµõªú£ª) Ramesh: Does he? That's news to me. But I have a doubt, my dear Sunil.

(ø‹uîª-ú£ûË ð§vêŸ î¶ú‡ì ìåªè[ª Eá-iì ú‡ÙÙêÁ ð¼æ°x-è¯è[ª, êµõªþ§) Sudheer: Did he? (Í÷±û¦?) šíj sentence ö˺ verb 'fought'. ÏC Past Doing word Ú¥ñæ¨d, did ÷ú£ªhÙC. Subject 'actor' ñë]ªõª 'he' ÷ú£ªhÙC. Ïö°¸Þ Am, is, are, was, were,

(Íö°Þ¥? ÏC û¦ÚÛª Ú•êŸh Nù£óŸªÙ. Íô³ê¶ û¦ÚÁ ú£Ùë¶ï£°Ù ÑÙC.) 'That's news to me = ÍC û¦Ú¨Ù-êŸ- ÷ô¢ÚÛª êµLóŸªE Nù£óŸªÙ. conversation ö˺ practice à¶óŸªÙè…. Sunil: What's it?

(ÔÙåC?) Ramesh: Are you mentally sound?

(FÚÛª ÷ªA-ú‡n-Nª-êŸÙÞ¥ ÑÙë¯ ÍE.) mentally sound = ÷ªA-ú‡n-NªêŸÙêÁ ÑÙè[è[Ù mentally unsound = í‡#a Sunil: Is that your doubt? Call the Megastar and ask him himself.

(Íë¯ F ú£Ùë¶ï£°Ù. Íô³ê¶ ޥ-þ§d-ôÂ¸Ú ðƼûË à¶ú‡ ÚÛìªÚÁ\) Ramesh: Should I? (Do) you want me to be another fool like you? Come on. Cut all that stuff about his calling you and taking your suggestions. You look a real fool.

(Íö°Þ¥? Fö°¸Þ û¶ìª ÚÛ«è¯ ÷´ô¢ª^è[E-í‡Ù-àŸª-ÚÁ-÷ªÙ-æ°î¦? ÏÚÛ Îí£±. ޥþ§dô FÚÛª ðƼûË à¶óŸªè[Ù, F ú£«àŸ-ìõª Bú£ª-ÚÁ-è[Ù-ö°Ùæ¨ í‡#a î¦Þœªè[ª ÚÛæ¨dšíåªd. ìª÷±y EáÙÞ¥ íÆ£²öËÀ-ö°¸Þ Ñû¦o÷±.) Cut = Îí£±, ÚÛæ¨d-šíåªd , stuff = þ¼C, î¦Þœªè[ª. Sunil: Do I? (Íö°Þ¥?) šíj ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£-éö˺ îµ³ë]æ¨ òÅ°ÞœÙö˺ Sunil ÷«å-õÚÛª Ramesh responses Þœ÷ª-EÙ-àŸÙè…. ★ Did he? ★ Is that so? I didn't know (I haven't known) ★ Does he? ★ Should I?

ÏÙêŸ-÷-ô¢ÚÛª ÷ªìÙ question tags Óö° form à¶óŸ«L, conversation ö˺ î¦æ¨ ð§vêŸ ÞœªJÙ# êµõªú£ª-ÚÛªû¦oÙ. Conversation lively Þ¥, effective Þ¥ ÑÙè¯-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙç¶ question tags î¦è[ÚÛÙ à¦ö° Í÷-

ú£uö¶îµjû¦ ÷›úh ììªo ú£Ùví£-C-þ§hô¢ª.) Prasad: O, do they?

shall, will, can, could, may, might, must, have, has, had etc. combinations verbs responses

êÁ ÷à¶a

ÚÛª

ÍEoÙ-æ¨ö˺ Ïî¶

(Í÷±û¦, Íö°Þ¥? – ì÷ªt-øŒÚÛuÙ Ú¥ÚÛ-ð¼ê¶ ÷ªìÙ Ïà¶a response) Pramod sentence ö˺E verb 'consult'. ÏC 1st Regular Doing Word- Ú¥ñæ¨d responseö˺ 'do' ÷ú£ªhÙC (MinistersÚÛª ñë]ªõª 'they'êÁ). ÏÚÛ\è[

ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£é 92 question tags

ö˺ö°Þ¥ not ÑÙç¶ tag ö˺ not ô¦÷ÚÛð¼÷è[Ù-ö°Ùæ¨C ÔOª ÑÙè[ë]ª.

Pramod: Most ministers are my friends.

ÑÙæ°ô³. Charan: I can bat better than Tendulkar.

Sravan: O, can you? Can't you bowl better than Pathan?

Now practise the following in English Tarun:

Spoken English

Tarun: It was very cold the whole of yesterday in Hyderabad./ Hyderabad was very cold the whole of yesterday. Kumar: Was it? It wasn't so cold here. Tarun: I went about in sweater the whole day. Kumar: Did you? It was cold here too, but it wasn't so bad. Tarun: Even in such cold,/ Though it was so cold, I had a cold water bath/ a cold bath. Kumar: Did you?/ Had you? But why? Tarun: I ran out of gas/ The cylinder was empty/ The gas was exhausted. When I called the gas company, they said it would take two days/ I had to wait for two days. Kumar: Don't you have a geiger? Tarun: Do you?/ Have you? Kumar: This place is not so cold./ It is not so cold here, is it? So we don't need a geiger, do we? Tarun: I am going to buy a flat soon. A modern construction with all amenities. Kumar: Are you? What's the price?/ What is the price likely to be? Tarun: Around Rs. 20 lac.

M. SURESAN

(Íö°Þ¥?÷ªJ í£ôȦûË ÚÛû¦o ò°Þ¥ ò®öËÀ à¶óŸª-ö¶î¦?) Ïö°Ùæ¨ responses ò°Þ¥ practice à¶óŸªÙè…. Ú•ÙàµÙ vøŒë]lÄÞ¥ Þœ÷ª-E›úh Ð responses question tags ö°Þ¥ à¦ö° ú£ªõòÅ¡Ù. Ú•ÙàµÙ practice êÁ Oªô¢ª ú£ªõ-òÅ¡ÙÞ¥ form à¶óŸª-Þœ-õô¢ª. ví£óŸª-AoÙ-àŸÙè….

Prasad: O, are they?

Suraj: In the US, a cup of coffee costs a dollar, that is, about Rs. 50/-

Answers:

(çµÙè[«-õ\ô ÚÛû¦o ò°Þ¥ ò°uæ¨ÙÞ à¶óŸª-Þœ-õìª.)

(÷ªÙv꟪ö˺x à¦ö°-÷ªÙC û¦ ›úo-꟪õª.) ÏÚÛ\è[ verb 'are'. Ú¥ñæ¨d ministers ñë]ªõª they . (Íö°Þ¥– ÎøŒa-ô¢u-ÚÛ-ô¢-iì Nù£óŸªÙ Íô³û¦ response Ïö°û¶ ÷ú£ªhÙC.)

ÑÙC Ú¥F ÍÙêŸ-ö¶ë]ª. ÍÙêŸ àŸL-öËºì« àŸFoüŒxêÁ þ§oìÙ à¶ø‹. Íö°Þ¥? ÓÙë]ª-ÚÛE? û¦ ô¢«Ùö˺ Þ¥uúà Íô³-ð¼-ô³ÙC. ðƼûË ඛúh ·ôÙè[ª-ôÁ-Võª í£è[ªêŸªÙ-ë]-û¦oô¢ª. Kumar: F ô¢«Ùö˺ Uáô ö¶ë¯? Tarun: FÚÛªÙë¯? Kumar: ÏC ÍÙêŸ àŸL-ví£-ë¶øŒÙ Ú¥ë]ª ÚÛë¯? ÍÙë]ª-ÚÛE Uáô Í÷-ú£ô¢Ù ö¶ë]ª. Tarun: ÍEo ÎëÅ]ª-EÚÛ ÷ú£-꟪-õêÁ Ñìo ðƧxæËÀìª û¶ìª êŸyô¢ö˺ Ú•ì-ò˺-꟪-û¦oìª. Kumar: Í÷±û¦? ëÅ]ô¢ ÓÙêŸ ÑÙè•àŸªa. Tarun: ë¯ë¯í£± 20 õ¤Ûõ ô¢«ð§-óŸªõª. Tarun: Kumar: Tarun:

ví£øŒo:

It is not short form it's not/ it isn't. pronunciation

Ú¨ î¦æ¨ ÏæËÀq-û¦æËÀ/ ÏæËÀ ÐâµûËÂd Þ¥ í£õ-ÚÛ-÷à¦a? ÏæËÀ ÐâÉÀ û¦æËÀ Þ¥û¶ í£õÚ¥ö°? Short forms writing ö˺û¶ Ú¥ÚÛªÙè¯ spelling Ú¨ ÚÛ«è¯ ÷Jh-þ§hóŸ«? ÖÚÛ-î¶üŒ spellingÚ¨ ÚÛ«è¯ ÷Jh›úh I would- short form I'd. He has - He's, I have - I've

EìoÙê¦ šïj°ë]-ô¦-ò°ëÂö˺ à¦ö° àŸLÞ¥ ÑÙC. Kumar: Íö°Þ¥? ÏÚÛ\-è[ÙêŸ ö¶ë¶. Tarun: EìoÙê¦ šúyåô î¶ú£ªÚÛªû¶ AJÞ¥. Kumar: Íö°Þ¥? ÏÚÛ\è[ ÖÚÛ îµ«ú£hô¢ª àŸLÞ¥

ð§êŸ î¦uþ§õ ÚÁú£Ù Ú¨xÚ à¶óŸªÙè…...

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

îµ³ë]-öµj-ì-î¦-æ¨E Óö° ÑàŸa-JÙ-à¦L? – Nî¶ÚÂ, ìö˹_Ùè[ áî¦ñª: It's not = ÏæËÀq not; It isn't = ÏæËÀ ÐáûËÂd– Ïö°¸Þ í£õ-Ú¥L. Ïö° í£õªÚÛªê¦Ù Ú¥ñç¶d writingö˺ î¦æ¨-ìö° ô¦þ§hô¢ª. NªÞœê¦ contracted forms (short forms) Nù£-óŸªÙ-öËºì« Ïö°¸Þ ÑàŸa-J-þ§hô¢ª. I'd = ÕèÂ; He has = he's =âÉÀ I've = ÕîËÂ. ÍEo contractions îµ³ë]å spoken forms Ú¥ñæ¨d writing ö˺ Íö° Í÷±-꟪ÙC.

-Ñ-Ø√-úø’

II Laxman: Hi Ramu, may the new year bring you all happiness.

(éÌûªh Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç Fèπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æç ûÁ*a °ö«d-©E éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.) Ramu:

So may it to you, Laxman.

(Fèπÿ Å™«Íí ï®Ω-í¬-©E Ø√ éÓJéπ) Laxman: Thank you. Lessons

Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ ™ May Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’ éÌEoç-öÀE ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç éπ∫ü∆. Ñ Â°j Sentences ™ May Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷úøçúÕ. ÉN Wishes èπÿ, Greetings (ÅGµ-†ç-ü¿-†©’) èπÿ ¢√úøû√ç. Éçü¿’™ îª÷Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’ éπü∆, Laxman, Ramu †’ wish îËÊÆ--ô°æ¤púø’, Ramu, Laxman †’ wish îËÊÆ--ô°æ¤púø’ May ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. Å®·ûË É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x May á°æ¤púø÷ Sentence ´·çü¿’ç-ô’çC, Åçõ‰ Sentence May ûÓ v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç Å´¤-ûª’çC. May ûÓ v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç ÅßË’u É™«çöÀ sentences, blessings èπ◊ èπÿú≈, Åçõ‰ ÇQ-®Ωy-îª-Ø√-©èπ◊ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 93

Ravi:

-¨¡Ÿ-véπ¢√®Ωç 6 -ï-†-´-J 2006

Please go ahead. What is the matter?

(àçö îÁ°æpçúÕ) Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ 'May' ņ’-´’A – Permission Åúø-í∫-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úø’-ûª’Ø√oç éπü∆. ´’†-éπçõ‰ °j≤ƒn®· ¢√∞¡x permission í¬E, ´’†ç î√-™« íı®Ω-NçîË ¢√∞¡x permission í¬F Åúø-í¬-©-†’-èπ◊-†o-°æ¤púø’, May, question form ™ I/ we ûÓ ¢√úøû√ç. 1) May I sit here? permission 2) May I use your phone? phone permission 3) May I know your name? / May I know who you are?

(ØËE-éπ\úø èπÿ®Óa-´î√a?) (O’

¢√-úø’éÓ´î√a?)

4) 'May' in statement forms some times is used and formal way.

(O’ Ê°-Í®ç-ö/ -O’-È®-´®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´î√a?) ÉC °æ‹Jhí¬ Å°æ-J-*-ûª’-©ûÓ.

5) May in the beginning of a statement is used

4) How long may I keep this book?

for expressing wishes and blessings.

(ØËF °æ¤Ææhéπç áEo ®ÓV-©’ç--éÓ-´îª’a?) May official/ formal í¬ permission É´y-ú≈-E-éÀ statement form ™ (you ûÓ ´·êuçí¬) ¢√úøû√ç. Superior status ™ Ö†o-¢√∞¡Ÿ} éÀçC ¢√∞¡xûÓ ´÷ö«x-úøôç °æ‹®Ωh-®·† ûª®√yûª, O’Jéπ ¢Á∞¡x´îª’a ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ May ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.

Now practice the following in English. a) Anil: Good morning, Sir.

Murthy:

1) You may go now.

O’Jéπ ¢Á∞¡x-´îª’a.

(permission

É´yôç)

O’®Ω’ ´÷èπ◊ high school ™ teacher, Sir. -N’-´’t-Lo äéπ-≤ƒJ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-ú≈-EéÀ ´î√a†’. -†’-´¤y -Ø√èπ◊ í∫’®Ω’h-Ø√o-´¤ -Å-E-™¸. -î√-™«é¬-©ç -ûª®√y-ûª -E-†’o éπ-©’Ææ’éÓ-´-ôç Ææç-ûÓ-≠æç.É°æ¤p-úËç -îËÆæ’h-Ø√o-´¤?

When may I know the result? Keshav: Hi Jagan, when are you starting for Delhi? (Delhi Jagan: In a few hours from now. The train is at 3.30 Train 3.30 Keshav: I am going home now. I may not be able to come to station to see you off. May you have a very happy journey!

éÀ á°æ¤úø’ •ßª’-™‰l®Ω’ûª’Ø√o´¤?)

(Ééπ éÌCl í∫çô-©èπ◊.

éÀ)

(ØËEç-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√oE°æ¤púø’. Fèπ◊ OúÓ\-L-´y-ö«EéÀ station èπ◊ ®√™‰éπ§Ú´îª’a. F v°æߪ÷ùç ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ≤ƒí¬-©E Ø√ éÓJéπ.) Jagan:

May you have a happy time in your new course! When do your classes begins? course classes ) Keshav: They begin the day after tomorrow.

(F éÌûªh Öçú≈L. O’ û√®·.

™ †’´¤y ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ á°æ¤púø’ -¢Á·-ü¿-©-´¤-

(á©’xçúÕ) Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ 'May' ûÓ v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç ÅßË’u sentences ÅFo wishes †’ ûÁ-©°æ-ôç í∫´’-Eç-î √®Ω’ éπü∆. -É-N îª÷úøçúÕ.. u May you live long!

O’®Ω’ î√-™«é¬©ç @Nç-î√-©E. (*®Ωç-@´! ÅØË ûÁ©’í∫’ ÇQ-Ææ’qèπ◊ Ææ´÷†ç) u May your business prosper!

O’ ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç ÅGµ-´%Cl¥ îÁçü∆L! (éÓJéπ, ÇQÆæ’q) u May you celebrate many more birth days like this!

2) You may use my phone if you want.

-v°æ-¨¡o: Bí∫ ´çTçC, 鬩’ NJ-TçC,

É™«çöÀ °æ¤öÀd† ®ÓV©’ î√™« î√-™« -îËÆæ’éÓ-¢√-©-E! ´çüË∞¡Ÿx @Nç-î√L. u May God bless you!

üË´¤úø’ E†’o ÇQ-®Ωy-Cç--í¬éπ! F 'May' È®çúÓ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ÉC. Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ Lessons ™ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oC. May, probability E ûÁ©’°æ¤-ûª’çC, ÆæçüË-£æ…Eo ´uéπh°æ®Ω’-Ææ’hç-ü¿E éπü∆! Åçõ‰ Ŵa, Å´-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ. u 'May' ´‚úÓ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç É°æ¤púø’ îª÷ü∆lç. Srinath: May I come in? (؈’ ™EéÀ ®√´î√a?) Ravi: Please do. Srinath: May I have a few minutes of your time?

(O’ Æ洒ߪ’ç é¬Ææh BÆæ’éÓ-´î√a)

Spoken English

-ï-¢√-•’:

<´’ ´·E-TçC, °æ¤Ææhéπç *J-TçC.. -É-™«ç-öÀ -¢√--öÀ-E -ߪ’-ü∑∆-ûª-ü∑¿çí¬ (--´ç-îª-•-úÕç-C,´·-†í∫-•-úÕç-C, -Å-E é¬èπ◊ç-ú≈) -Ççí∫xç-™éÀ -á-™« -Å-†’-´Cç-î√-™ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’í∫-©®Ω’. – ®√°∂æ’-´, -´÷®√\°æ¤®Ωç-

i) ii) iii) iv)

Bí∫ ´çTçC = the wire bent 鬩’ NJ-TçC = the leg broke <´’ ´·E-TçC = The ant drowned. °æ¤Ææhéπç *J-TçC = The book got torn.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

-v°æ-¨¡o: Idioms, usage í∫’-Jç-* -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. -ï-¢√-•’:

Idioms

Sravan: Bhavan:

-•£æ›-¨» -Öç-úÌ-a. ؈’ ´’Sx °œ©’≤ƒh-†’. Åçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ •ßª’ô wait îËߪ’-´îª’a O’®Ω’. O’®Ω’ front room ™ èπÿ®ÓaçúÕ. Interview Å®·ç-ûª-®√yûª èπÿú≈ O’®Ω’ âü¿’í∫çô© ´®Ωèπ◊ ¢Á∞¡x-èπÿ-úøü¿’. result á°æ¤úø’ ûÁ-L-ߪ’-´îª’a? Í®°æ¤ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ´®Ωèπ◊ O’®Ω’ expect îËߪ’-éπçúÕ.

Answers: Anil: Good morning sir. You were our teacher in the high school. I have come to see you. Murthy: I remember you, Anil. (I am) happy to see/ meet you, though after a long time. What are you (now)? Anil: (I am) going to the states for higher studies. I got the visa the day before (yesterday). I've come for your blessings. Murthy: You have my blessings always. May you have a happy journey and may you study well and prosper there! Anil: Today is my birthday too, sir. Murthy: I am very happy. May you live long in health and happiness! Anil: Thank You, sir. Murthy: You are welcome. (May you have a happy journey = Wish you a happy journey; may you live long = Wish you a long and healthy life)

(°jéÀ

Anil:

°j îªü¿’-´¤-©èπ◊ (O’®Ω’, 鬴-LÊÆh Ø√ phone -¢√-úø’éÓ-´îª’a) Å¢Á’-Jé¬ ¢Á∞¡Ÿhpermission É´yôç. Sir. Ø√o†’, Å™«Íí éÌçîÁç ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ (Åçûª E≠æ \-®Ω{í¬ ¢Á·†oØË visa é¬èπ◊çú≈) orders É´y-ö«-EéÀ èπÿú≈ statement ´*açC. O’ ÇQform ™ May ¢√úøû√ç. Ææ’q© éÓÆæç ´î√a†’. 1) You may not leave office before 5 M. SURESAN (âü¿’í∫çô-©èπ◊ ´·çü¿’ O’®Ω’ Ç°∂‘Ææ’†’ç* ¢Á-∞Ô}-ü¿’l) Murthy: Fèπ◊ Ø√ ÇQ-Ææ’q™„-°æ¤púø÷ Öçö«®·. F v°æߪ÷ùç Ææ’êçí¬ order ïJT, †’´yéπ\-úø ¶«í¬ îªCN °jéÀ ®√¢√-©E 2) You may not smoke here Ø√ ÇQ-Ææ’q©’ (May ¢√úøçúÕ). (O’J-éπ\úø smoke îËߪ’-èπÿ-úøü¿’) – order. Anil: Ñ®ÓV Ø√ birthday èπÿú≈. Sir. 3) You may leave office only after five. Murthy: î√™« ÆæçûÓ≠æç. †’´¤y î√-™«-鬩ç Çߪ·-®√(O’®Ω’ âü¿’ ûª®√yûªØË •ßª’öÀéÀ ¢Á-∞¡x-´îª’a) – order ®Ó-í¬u-©ûÓ Öçú≈-©E éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. (May (Åçõ‰ Åçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ ¢Á∞¡xèπÿúø-ü¿E order). ¢√úøçúÕ). É´-Fo May Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’: äéπ-≤ƒJ Ææçví∫-£æ«çí¬ Anil: î√-™« thanks, Sir. îª÷ü∆lç. Murthy: ´’ç*C. 1) 'May' expresses probability (ïJÍí Å´-鬨¡ç) b) Sravan: ؈’ ™°æ-LéÀ ®√´-î √açúŒ? 2) 'May' expresses doubt (ÆæçüË£æ«ç) Bhavan: ®ΩçúÕ. èπÿ®ÓaçúÕ. Sravan: ØËE-éπ\-úÕéÀ interview attend Å´-ú≈-EéÀ 3) May in the question form, especially with I/ ´î√a†’. Ø√ Ê°®Ω’ Sravan. Ø√èπ◊ interWe is used for asking for permission in a very view á°æ¤p-úø’ç-úÌa? formal and polite manner. Bhavan: îÁ§ƒh-†’ç-úøçúÕ. Ç... O’èπ◊ ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç 'May' for permission is used to ask for perÈ®çúø’ í∫çô-©èπ◊ interview Öçô’çC. mission in a more polite and formal manner Sravan: É°æ¤púË äçöÀ í∫çô-†o®Ω Å®·çC éπü¿çúÕ. than 'can' and 'shall', with I/ We, and 'will', Ø√ interview É°æ¤púË ÖçúÌî√a? (May and 'would' with you (in the question form) ¢√úøçúÕ).

u May you live to be a hundred.

Bhavan:

in place of 'shall' to express orders in a polite

– ®Ω£æ…-Ø√-¶‰í∫ç, éπ-©÷x®Ω’

ÅØ√o usage ÅØ√o ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äéπõ‰. ¢√úø’-éπ™ Ö†o ´÷ô© èπÿ®Ω’p, Ç ´÷ô© èπÿ®Ω’p ¢Á·û√h-EéÀ Ö†o Å®√n-EéÃ, Ç ´÷ô© èπÿ®Ω’p™ Ö†o äéÌ\éπ\ ´÷ô Å®√n-EéÀ Ææç•çüµ¿ç Öçúø-éπ-§ÚûË, Ç ´÷ô© èπÿ®Ω’p idiom Å´¤-ûª’çC. ÅüË ¢√úø’-éπ-™éÀ ´Ææ’hçC 鬕öÀd ÅC usage Å´¤-ûª’çC. use Åçõ‰ ¢√úøéπç. Åçõ‰ äéπ word †’ sentence ™ use îËߪ’ôç. O’®Ω’ vocabulary, idioms, improve îËÆæ’éÓ-¢√-©çõ‰ Vocabulary O’ü¿ books (Norman Lewis's Word Power Made Easy ™«çöÀN) éÌçûª-´-®ΩÍé Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫°æ-úø-û√®·. Idioms O’ active use ™éÀ ®√¢√-©çõ‰

®√´-ôç)

b) Sravan: May I come in (sir)? Bhavan: Please do/ do come in. Have a seat/ Please sit down. Sravan: I have come to attend an interview here. I am Sravan. When may I have the interview?/ When may be my interview? Bhavan: Wait a minute. Let me see... Yes. Your interview is at 2 in the afternoon. 1.30 sir. May I Sravan: It's already have the interview now itself ? Bhavan: That may be possible. I'll call you again. Till then you may wait outside. You may sit in the front room. You may not leave here till 5, even after the interview. Sravan: When may I know the result? Bhavan: Well, you may not expect it before tomorrow evening.

(É°æ¤púË)

Öûªh´’´÷®Ω_ç English Newspapers, The Hindu ™«çöÀN, *†o *†o story books ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç* °ü¿l novels îªü¿-´ôç, ´·êuçí¬ English news magazines îªü¿-´ôç. Vocab books ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ´©x words, their meanings ûÁ©’-≤ƒh®·, but we don't know how to use them. So read, read and read- that's the best way to improve. idioms, words language dictionary Commercials/ Ads Modern expression English

Åçû√ îªü¿-Nç-ûª-®√yûª Åv°æ-ߪ’-ûªoçí¬ O’èπ◊ í∫’®Ω’h†o O’ ™ ¢√úË-≤ƒh®Ω’. îªC-¢Ë-Æœç-ûª-®√yûª Å®Ωnç-é¬E ´÷ô™‰´Ø√o Öçõ‰ Å°æ¤púø’ îª÷úøçúÕ. èπÿú≈ ¶«í¬ îªü¿-´çúÕ– ´Ææ’hçC. O©’-†o-°æ¤p-úø™«x ™ ´÷ö«x-úøçúÕ.

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ñ-Ø√-úø’

II Brahmam: Hi Vishnu, any idea where Siva might be?

(P´ áéπ\-úø’ç-úÌîÓa à¢Á’iØ√ ûÁ©’≤ƒ)? Vishnu:

Not in the least. You call Ganesh. He might know. Ganesh phone

(ÅÆæ©’ ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü¿’. èπ◊ îË®·. Åûª-EéÀ ûÁL-ߪ’-´îª’a.) Not in the least= ÅÆæ©’ ™‰ü¿’. Öçü∆.

É´¤y)

(™‰ü¿’. ÅC ñ‰•’™ °ô’d-èπ◊çõ‰ èπ◊, ü∆EoNçõ‰ îÁNéÀ üÁ•s ÅE ÅûªE ¶µºßª’ç)

Brahmam: So how do I get at him now?

Brahmam: Any idea who else might know Siva's whereabouts now? I want him urgently. Siva

(§ÚF É°æ¤-úÁ-éπ\-úø’-Ø√oúÓ îÁ°æp-í∫-©¢√∞¡Ÿx ÉçÈé-´-®ΩØ√o ÖØ√o®√?ÅûªEo éπ©’-Ææ’éÓ-´ôç î√-™« Å´-Ææ®Ωç).

Try his home. Here's the number. But they might all be out. phone

(¢√Rxç-öÀéÀ îÁß˝’. -É-CíÓ -†ç-•®˝. Å®·ûË ¢√∞Îx-´®Ω÷ Éçöx ™‰éπ-§Ú-´îª’a). (Try= v°æߪ’-Aoç* îª÷úø’. ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆: out: Éçöx ™‰éπ-§Ú-´ôç; In = Éçöx Öçúøôç) É´Fo might combination ûÓ Ö†o verbs Ö†o sentences éπü∆. I mean, °j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù-™ -EN. Might combination ûÓ verbs English ™ ûª®Ωîª’í¬ ¢√-úø’-ûª’ç-ö«ç. Åçü¿’-éπE might combination ûÓ ´îËa verbs †’ í∫’-Jç-* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç ´·êuç/ -Ö-°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ®Ωç. Might Combination Verbs: a) Might be ('be' form); b) Might+ 1st Regular doing word - might know, might come, might like, etc. 1) Might, present future expresses doubt and uncertainty

™é¬F, ™é¬F, Åçõ‰ É°æ¤úø’é¬F, Ééπ-´·çü¿’é¬F, (ÆæçüË£æ«ç) (Ææç-Cí∫l¥-ûª). Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Öçúø-´îª’a, ®√´îª’a ÅE '´îª’a— °æü∆©èπ◊ Ææ´÷†ç. a) Might be - ÉC 'be' form; Å®Ωnç: Öçúø-´îª’a.

-v°æ-¨¡o: -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™ -¶«í¬ -´÷-ö«x-ú≈-©ç-õ‰ -àç -îË-ߪ÷-™ Ææ-©£æ… -É-´yí∫-©®Ω’. – -áç.-¢Áçéπ-õ‰-¨¡y®ΩÈ®-úÕf, -<®√-©

-ï-¢√-•’:

Spoken English exercises regular practice English paper English story

v°æA-¶µº™ ÉÆæ’h†o

í¬

îËߪ’çúÕ. îªü¿-´ôç îËߪ’çúÕ. *†o *†o èπÿú≈ îªü¿-´çúÕ. ûª°æpéπ ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫-©®Ω’– üµÁj®Ωuçí¬ ´÷ö«x-úøôç v§ƒ®Ωç-GµÊÆh. -v°æ-¨¡o: i) -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™... consist, collapse, cultivation... -O-öÀ-E -á-™« °æ-©é¬-L? continue books

îª÷úø-´îª’a (ÆæçüË£æ«ç), ¢Á∞¡x-´îª’a, Might come = ®√´îª’a. ´’† Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ sentence äéπ-≤ƒJ îª÷ü∆lç.

a) Any idea where Siva might be?

P´ áéπ\-úø’ç-úÌîÓa à´’Ø√o ûÁ©’≤ƒ? í∫ù‰-≠ˇèπ◊

phone

ii) A. How do you go to home? B. I go home by rickshaw.

îÁß˝’. Åûª-EéÀ ûÁL-ߪ’-´îª’a.

c) He fears it might affect his heart...

í∫’çúÁ üÁ•s A†-´-îªaE... ÅûªE ¶µºßª’ç. d) You might be able to contact him there

Féπ-ûª†’ Åéπ\úø üÌ®Ωéπ-´-a/ -ûª-í∫-™Ôa. e) But they might all be out

Åçü¿®Ω÷ •ßª’-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡Ÿxç-úÌa. 鬕öÀd îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆, might, present ™, future ™ Åçûª éπ*a-ûªç-é¬E N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo ûÁ©’°æ¤ûª’ç-ü¿E– Might be/ Might + 1st RDW (Regular Doing Word)

He might be at office now Ringup his office. You might be able to contact him. office Phone

(Åûª-E°æ¤púø’ ™ Öçúø-´îª’a. Åéπ\îÁß˝’. †’´y-ûªEo Åéπ\úø úÕéÀ °æô’d-éÓ-´îª’a). Contact: Ææç•ç-üµ¿ç/- ä-éπ-JûÓ communication Öçúøôç

Vishnu:

come, etc) Might see = Might go =

≤ƒüµ¿u-¢Á’i, ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC.

(´’J ÅûªEo °æô’d-éÓ-´ôç ᙫ?) Get at = îË®Ω’-éÓ-´-ôç/- °æ-ô’d-éÓ-´ôç Vishnu:

b) Might + 1st Regular doing word (see, go,

b) You call Ganesh. He might know

Brahmam: Has he a cell? Let me have the number cell Number Vishnu: He hasn't a cell/ He has no cell. He fears it might affect his heart if he carries it in his pocket, and his ear, if he hears from it- because of radiation. heart

(Åûª-EéÀ

ï®Ω-í∫-éπ-§Ú-´-îªaØË

N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo




Might a) You might try his office phone number if you are unable to get his home. Phone Office phone try

èπ◊ ´’®Ó Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç:

Åûª-EçöÀ îËߪ’çúÕ.

b) You might call the helpline case of trouble. trouble, help line

O’Íé-´’Ø√o îËߪ’çúÕ.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 94

Manager: Supdt.:

üÌ®Ω-éπ\-§ÚûË,

Öçõ‰,

in

èπ◊

phone Supdt.:

Å®·ûË, helpline= äéπ ÆæçÆæn ´©x Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç §Òçü¿-ö«-EéÀ îËߪ÷-Lq† phone) Ñ È®çúø’ Sentences ™ ™«í¬ might †’ Ææ÷-©’/- Ææ-©-£æ…©’ É´y-ö«-EéÀ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç– ´·êuçí¬ ´’†-éπçõ‰ °ü¿l-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊, ´’†éπçõ‰ °j≤ƒn®· ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ Ææ÷îª-†-L-´y-ö«-EéÀ î√™« ´’®√u-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬.

؈÷ ÅüË Å†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o, Å®·ûË î√-™« ê®Ω’a Ŵa éπü∆ ÅE ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. é¬E, O’Í®-´’-†’-éÓ-éπ-§ÚûË, ´’†èπ◊ ü∆E-´©x business áèπ◊\´´¤ûª’çC, sir. áèπ◊\´ customers ´îËa Å´-鬨¡ç Öçô’çC éπü∆, sir.

Manager:

In case of=

Ñ Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç budget ™ adjust îËߪ’-´-îªaç-ö«®√? ؈’ budget prepare îËÊÆ-¨»†’. O’®Ì-éπ\-≤ƒJ ÅC -îª÷Æœ E®Ωgߪ’ç BÆæ’éӴa, sir.

Answers: a) Prabhu: We are playing the match today, aren't we?

You might call the helpline Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ Might èπÿ, Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o May èπ◊ î√™« §ÚLéπ Ö†oô’x ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆. Might, may éπØ√o áèπ◊\´ ÆæçüË-£æ…Eo ´uéπh-°æ-®Ω’Ææ’hçC. Åçõ‰ May -¢√-úÕ-†°æ¤p-úø’ áèπ◊\´ ≤ƒüµ¿u´’ßË’u Å´-鬨¡ç -Öç-ô’ç-ü¿-†o-´÷-ô. 1 a) Sunil may come this evening

Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç Ææ’F™¸ ®√´îª’a. b) Sunil might come this evening Sunil ®√´-îËa¢Á÷. ™éπØ√o (b) ™ ÆæçüË£æ«ç áèπ◊\´. Sunil may come ņo-°æ¤úø’ Ææ’F™¸ ´îËa Ææ÷©’ áèπ◊\´, Sunil might come ņo-°æp-öÀ-éπØ√o. 2 a) It may rain (´®Ω{ç ®√´îª’a) – doubtful

Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç

Sentence (a)

b) It might rain (Highly doubtful)


´’†ç

Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o might ¢Á·ü¿öÀ Ö°æßÁ÷í∫ç. It expresses possibility/ uncertain-

ty/ doubt in the present or in the future. (A) India might win the coming cricket series with Pakistan, atleast Inzamam says so

ï®Ω-í∫-†’†o cricket series ¶µ«®Ωû˝ Èí©--¢Ìa. Éçï-´÷¢˛’ Å™« Åçô’-Ø√oúø’. India may win Åçõ‰ ¶µ«®Ωû˝ ÈíLîË chances Éçé¬Ææh áèπ◊\´ ņo-´÷ô.

Rajasekhar (Senior Manager): Manmohan, the power bills are going up. Can't we make do with two air conditioners instead of four? bills (Manmohan, 3 AC machines

éπÈ®çö¸ Ø√o®·. Ææ®Ω’l-éÓ-´îª’a éπü∆?

¶«í¬ áèπ◊\-´®·§Úûª’•ü¿’©’ È®ç-úÕçöÀûÓ

Manmohan (Manager): That might not be much use, sir. Power bills may be less, but the staff might not work so efficiently. current sir) Manager, Sr Manager Might 'What do you think of this method?'

(Åü¿ç-ûª Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ®Ωç é¬éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. ü∆E´©x ê®Ω’a ûªí∫’_-ûª’ç-üË¢Á÷ é¬E, Æœ•sçC Åçûª Ææ´’-®Ωn-ªçí¬ °æE-îË-ߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a, í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆. éÀîËa ¢√úÕ. ´’®√u-ü¿-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† Ææ÷ – (Ñ °æü¿l¥-A í∫’-Jç-* O’Í®-´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’?) 'It might not increase our profits, sir'

(ÅC ´’† ™«¶µ«-©†’ °çîª-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a). Now practise the following in English: a) Prabhu: Varma: Prabhu: Varma: Prabhu: Varma: Prabhu: Varma: Pitch

´’†ç Ñ®Ó-V match -Çúø’-ûª’Ø√oç, éπü∆? Å´¤†’. Å®·ûË ´®Ω{ç ´Ææ’hç-üË¢Á÷? ´®Ω{ç ´ÊÆh á°æ¤p-úø’ -ÇúÌa ´’†ç? Ñ ¢√®√çûªç Ŵa. iii) Seminar Ææç-ü¿®√s¥-™x how can we intro´’†ç ÈíLîË Å´-é¬-¨»-™‰çö? duce ourselves? ´’†ç... Èí©-´-îËa¢Á÷? – -áÆˇ.-ûªéÀs-ߪ÷, -´’-*-M°æ-ôoç àçöÀ ÆæçüË£æ«ç? ´’† Players èπ◊ help îËߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´-ï-¢√-•’: îËa-¢Á÷-†E! i) consist = éπØ˛-Æ œÆˇd – Æœ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç Prabhu: ´’† bowlers ™ Gopala Rao †’ O’®Ω’ collapse = éπ ™«°ˇq – ™« ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç try îËߪ’-´îª’a. Åûª-Eéà pitch ņ’-èπÿcultivation = éπLd-¢Á-ß˝’-≠æØ˛ – ¢Áß˝’ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç Lç-îª-´îª’a. ii) A. How do you go to home ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’– How do you go home? - correct. Home 'to' B. I go home by rickshaw, ... iii) Good morning, every body, I am... (name) presenting this paper on... (subject). My name is..., presenting this paper on...

´·çü¿’ ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬

®√ü¿’.

éπÈ®Íéd-Ø√?

Spoken English

-Ç-C¢√®Ωç 8 -ï-†-´-J 2006

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

b) Manager:

Ñ §ƒûª furniture Åçû√ BÊÆÆœ éÌûªh furniture Å´’-®√a-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. Superintendent: ÅC ´’ç* idea, sir. ´’† Office èπ◊ èπÿú≈ ´’ç* ®Ω÷°æç ´Ææ’hçC. ™‰éπ-§ÚûË Éçé¬, sir, ´’† íÓúø-©-Eoç-öÀéà paint -¢Ë®·ç-îªôç èπÿú≈ ´’ç*üË¢Á÷, sir.

Varma: Yes. But (I'm afraid) it might rain. Prabhu: In case/ If it rains when might the match we? Varma: (It) might be this M. SURESAN weekend. Prabhu: What might be our chances of winning? Varma: Ah... we might win... Prabhu: What's the doubt?/ Why the doubt? Varma: The pitch might not help our players. Prabhu: You might try Gopala Rao among our bowlers. The pitch might favour him. b) Manager: I want to get rid of all the furniture in the office and get a new set in its place./ I want to replace all the old furniture by a new set. simple, better.) Superintendent: That might be a good idea. It might be good to have the walls painted too, sir. (That might not be a bad idea, after all. sentence

(È®çúÓC

Ñ áèπ◊\´ ¢√u´-£æ…-J-éπç–- ´·-êuçí¬ éÌçîÁç °ü¿l¢√∞¡xûÓ ´÷õ‰x-ô-°æ¤úø’, í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆:

not bad= very good.) Manager: That's what I think too. But it might cost a lot. Supdt.: If I might say so, We shall have more business, sir. We might have more customers, sir. Manager: Can we adjust this in this year's budget?/ You feel we can adjust it in this year's budget? Supdt.: I've prepared the budget, sir. You might just look at it and decide.

(O’Í®O’ ņ’-éÓ-éπ-§Ú-ûË-

†çúŒ)

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ñ-Ø√-úø’

II Charan: Hi Dheeraj, long time, no see. How's every body?

(î√™«-é¬-©-´’-®·çC, ÖØ√o®Ωçü¿®Ω÷?)

îª÷Æœ.

ᙫ

-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 10 -ï-†-´-J 2006

2) I thought (that) you might be interested in them.

¢√öÀ™ Fèπ◊ ÇÆæéÀh Öçúø-´-îªaE ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o –

Past

3) I expected (that) it might go on -

Dheeraj: Fine. Thank you. How's life? (èπ◊™«-≤ƒØË. †’¢Áy™« ÖØ√o´¤?) Charan: Getting along. (àüÓ ïJ-T-§Ú-ûÓçC.) Well, what brings you here? (àçöÀ™«

Éçé¬ é̆-≤ƒ-í∫’-ûª’ç-ü¿E ÇPçî√. Past Åçõ‰ might past †’ èπÿú≈ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC – àüÁjØ√ Past ™ ÖçúÌ-îªaF, ï®Ω-íÌ-îªaF Å®ΩnçûÓ. Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ, Might, may éÀ past form. Compare. a) I think he may help me

´î√a´¤?) Question English ™ î√™« common. bad manners é¬ü¿’. Dheeraj: I thought I might see you at the book fair yesterday, but I didn't (E†o book fair- °æ¤Ææhéπ v°æü¿-®Ωz†™ †’´¤y

Ñ

(-Å-ûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îË≤ƒh-úøE ØË-††’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o– Present/ Future)

Charan: I was out of town yesterday. In fact I had been away for 3 days. I returned only this morning.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 95

© ´’üµ¿u Ñ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ Ö†o ûËú≈-©-†’ -Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ N´-Jçî√ç. É°æ¤púø’ ´’Sx N´-J-Ææ’hØ√oç. Might ûÓ éπL°œ. í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ, í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓçúÕ.

I feared/ was afraid that he might come here.

For asking for permission with I/ we in the Might (Å®Ω’ü¿’) R question form. A May R Most E very Shall formal L Y Can slightly formal & U least formal formal & very polite S E & least polite & polite polite D

†’´¤y ††’o movie éÀ BÂÆ\-∞«h-¢Ë-¢Á÷†E ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o. Priya: Ç movie FéÀ≠dçæ Öçúø-üË-¢Á÷-†E ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o. Ç hero, heroine ©’ F favourites 鬮Ω’. Namrata: ؈’ F phone éÓÆæç wait îËÆæ’hØ√o, ´÷ îÁ™„x©’ †’´¤y phone îËߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´-îªaE îÁ°œpØ√ èπÿú≈. Priya: Åçûª ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊. ÅüË-´’çûª ¶«í¬-™‰ü¿’. Ø√Íé bore éÌöÀdçC.

ÉC might 2nd use. It is used as the past form

Now practise the following in English:

Answers:

Mallesh: F¢Á-Ø√o-∞¡Ÿxç-úÌ-*a-éπ\úø?

Mallesh: How long might you be here?

(-Å-ûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îË≤ƒh-úË-¢Á÷-†E ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o– Past)

ÅE present N≠æߪ’ç îÁ°æ¤h-†-o°æ¤púø’ ´Ææ’hçC. b) ™ I thought ÅE past N≠æߪ’ç ûÁ-LÊ°-ô-°æ¤púø’ might ÅE past form (May èπ◊) ´≤Úhç-C-éπü∆. c) -Å-ûª-úÕ-éπ\-úÕ-éÌ-≤ƒh-úË-¢Á÷-†E ¶µºßª’-°æú≈f. a)

éπ†-°æ-úø-´-îªa-†’-èπ◊Ø√o. é¬F ®√™‰ü¿’)

b)

Can, shall, may

b) I thought he might help me

™

I think

may

of May.

Namrata: E†o

Jagan:

days. I might stay for two or three

Might I come in?

days more after that. Mallesh: Then you might stay at our place for two days. My brother might come in a few days. Jagan:

a) I went there because you told me that he

(E†o Ü∞} ™‰†’. ÅÆæ©’ ´‚úø’®ÓV-©’í¬ ™‰†’. É¢√∞¡ Öü¿-ߪ’¢Ë’ AJ-íÌî√a.) Dheeraj: I bought some books at the fair yesterday. Look. Here they are. I thought you might be interested in them.

(E†o éÌEo °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ éÌØ√o. É¢Ë. Fèπ◊ ¢√öÀ™ interest Öçúø-´-îªaE BÆæ’-éÌî√a) Charan: When is the fair closing?

(á°æ¤púø’ ´·í∫’-≤ÚhçC?) Dheeraj: It closed yesterday.

(E†o Å®·-§Ú-®·çC) Charan: I expected it might go on for a few more days.

(ÉçéÌEo ®ÓV-©-®·Ø√ Öçô’ç-ü¿E ÇPç-î√†’.) Dheeraj: So did I.

(-ØË-†÷ Å™«Íí ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o) Charan: One of the salesmen told me that it might go on for a few days after the date. (- ´ ’-JéÌ-Eo ®Ó-V-©’ §ÒúÕ-Tç-îª-´-îªaE äéπ salesman Ø√ûÓ ÅØ√oúø’) Dheeraj: I thought of visiting it the first day itself. But feared that there might be too much of crowd. Yesterday there was no crowd, and not many books either.

(¢Á·ü¿öÀ®Óñ‰ ¢Á∞«l-´’-†’-èπ◊Ø√o é¬F ï†ç áèπ◊\´í¬ Öçö«-®ΩE ¶µºßª’-°æ-ú≈f†’. E†o ï†ç -™‰®Ω÷, áèπ◊\´ °æ¤Ææh-鬩÷ ™‰´¤) °j Ææ綵«-≠æù™ might combination ûÓ Ö†o Verbs í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. ´’†ç É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ Might Ö°æßÁ÷í∫ç í∫’-Jç-* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oC – Might, Present ™í¬F, future ™í¬F uncertainty E/ doubt E ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-Ææ’hç-ü¿E. a) He might pass = ¢√úø’ pass Ŵa. (Doubt) b) They might agree to it = ¢√∞¡Ÿ} ä°æ¤p-éÓ-´îª’a. -Ñ È®ç-úø’ -¢√é¬u-©’ future. c) She might be at college now Ç¢Á’ É°æ¤púø’ college ™ Öçúø-´îª’a. – Present. É°æ¤púø’ °j Ææ綵«-≠æù™ might combination ™ verb Ö†o sentences îª÷ü∆lç. 1) I thought (that) I might see you at the fair. fair ™ -†’-´¤y éπ†-°æ-úø-´-îªaE ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o – Past

Spoken English

might be there.

†’´¤y -Å-ûªúø-éπ\úø ÖçúÌ-îªaE îÁ°œp†çü¿’-´-©x -ØË-†-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«x†’. (Past) b) He feared that they might reveal his secret

ûª† ®Ω£æ«-≤ƒuEo ¢√∞¡Ÿx •ßª’-ô-°--úø-û√Í®-¢Á÷-†E Åûª†’ ¶µºßª’-°æ-ú≈fúø’ (Past) 3) May ™«í¬ØË, Might èπÿú≈ î√-™« -´’-®√u-ü¿í¬, formal í¬ permission Åúø-í∫-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. Might I come in? (More formal than 'May I come in?') 'May I come in?' - ÉüË î√-™« formal í¬, Polite í¬ permission Åúø-í∫-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úøû√ç-éπü∆? 'Might I come in?' - ÉC Éçé¬ áèπ◊\´ formal í¬, polite í¬ Öçô’çC, permission Åúø-í∫-ö«-EéÀ. 'Might I use your phone?' O’ phone äéπ-≤ƒJ ¢√úø-´î√a? 'Might I come a little late tomorrow?' Í®°æ¤ ؈’ é¬Ææh late í¬ ®√´î√a? Å®·ûË permission Åúø-í∫-ö«-EéÀ î√™« Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. áèπ◊\´ May ü¿í∫_Í® ÇT-§Úû√ç. ´’†ç Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√oç-í∫ü∆? Can, Shall, May, are used with I/ We in the question form for asking for permission. É°æ¤púø’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç– 'Might' too is used with I/ we in the question form for asking for permission. But there are differences among them.

Jagan:

Ø√ Course 15 ®ÓV-©’ç-úø-´îª’a. ؈’ ÉçéÓ È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ®ÓV-©’ç-ö«ØË¢Á÷ Ç ûª®√yûª. Mallesh: Å°æ¤púø’ -†’´¤y ´÷ Éçöx È®çvúÓM. SURESAN V-©’ç-úø-´îª’a éπü∆! ´÷ ņoߪ’u èπÿú≈ ÉçéÌ-Cl-®Ó-V™x ´≤ƒh-úË¢Á÷. Jagan: Åü¿çû√ course Å®·ç-ûª-®√yûË ≤ƒüµ¿u-´’-´¤-ûª’çü¿-†’-èπ◊ç-ö«†’. Course period ™ training center ™ØË Öçúø-´’-†-´îª’a ´÷ directors. Mallesh: ®ÓW classes Å®·ç-ûª-®√yûª àç îË≤ƒh´¤? Jagan: ÅÆæ©’ programme àçö course begin Å®·çûª®√y-ûªØË ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC. Å°æ¤-úø-®·ûË Øˆ’ Fèπ◊ clear í¬ îÁ°æp-´îª’a. Mallesh: OK. Åçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ phone ™ touch ™ Öçü∆ç. Jagan: O’ ņoߪ’u á°æ¤púø’ ®√´îª’a? Mallesh: ؈’ E†oØË ´≤ƒh-úË¢Á÷ ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o. é¬F phone îËÆ œ îÁ§ƒpúø’. -É-çé¬ È®çvúÓ-V©ü∆é¬ ®√-ØË-¢Á÷-†-E. Jagan: ؈’ î√™« expect î˨», O’ Éü¿l-JE Ñ ®ÓV éπ©-´-îªaE.

-v°æ-¨¡o: Get, got Åçõ‰ í∫’-Jç-* -N-´-Jç-îªç-úÕ. Rama has come to Guntur.

-Ñ -¢√éπuç -à tense? -Åç-õ‰ -Å®Ωnç -à-N’-öÀ? has come -Å-E éπ-ü∆-! I shall have written a letter -Åç-õ‰ I shall write a letter -ÅE éπ-ü∆-! -É-™«ç-ô°æ¤p-úø’ -õ„iç í∫’-Jç-* -îÁ-§ƒp--Lqç-üË-Ø√? I shall be going -Åç-õ‰ -à-N’-öÀ? – -áç.-¢Ë-ù’, -ûÁ-Ø√-L -ï-¢√-•’:
get Åçõ‰ §Òçü¿ôç, ûÁa-éÓ-´ôç, äéπ-îÓ-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡xôç, é̆ôç, ûË´ôç, etc. got, get èπ◊ past tense and past participle.
He got going - É™«çöÀîÓôx get Ææ£æ…-ߪ’éπ véÀߪ’ Ŵa. (Å®·Ø√ English ´÷ö«x-úø-ö«-EéÃ, ®√ߪ’-ö«-EéÀ àC à ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i-† véÀߪ’ ÅE ûÁ-L-ߪ÷-Lq-† -Å´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’ éπü∆.)
Rama has come. Has come Ééπ\úø present tense. Å®·ûË É™«çöÀ ¢√é¬u™x ÅC past action, time not stated (í∫ûªç™ ïJT, à time, day, year ûÁ©’-°æ-éπ-§Ú-ûË) †’ Ææ÷*-Ææ’hçC. Bus is come

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

My course may last/ may go on for 15

It might be possible only after the course. Our directors might ask us to stay in the Training Center during the course.

Mallesh: What will you do/ are you going to do after classes every day? Jagan:

We shall know the exact programme only after classes begin. I might then be able to tell you clearly about it.

Mallesh: OK. Till then let's be in touch over phone. Jagan:

When might your brother come?

Mallesh: I thought he might come yesterday itself. But he called to say that he might not come for another two days. Jagan:

I expected very much that I might meet both of you.

b) Namrata: I thought you might take me to the movie yesterday. Priya:

I thought that you might not like the movie. The hero and the heroine are not your favourites.

Namrata: I was expecting your call though my sister told me you might not call. Priya:

Don't worry. The movie wasn't good. It bored even me.


The bus is come = Bus come. The bus is come
I shall have written a letter = (Future letter I shall write a letter = (Future

´*a ÖçC ÅE; é¬F DE-éπØ√o better, the bus has ûª°æ¤p é¬ü¿’. ™ àüÓ time èπ◊ í¬F Åçûª-èπ◊-´·ç-ü¿’®√ÊÆÆœ Öçö«-†E. í¬F) ™; á°æ¤púÓ ûÁ-L-ߪ’ü¿’) letter ®√≤ƒh†’. È®ç-úÕç-öÀ -´’-üµ¿u -î√-™« -ûË-ú≈ Öçü¿E ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆.
Shall be doing it = Future ™ îËÆæ÷h Öçö«†’(´·)/ ¢√∞¡Ÿx, O’®Ω’, Åûª†’/ Ç¢Á’ îËÆæ÷h Öçú≈L.

-v°æ-¨¡o: I want to see a doctor, He wants to meet a doctor, consult a doctor-

-O-öÀ -Å®Ωnç -à-N’-öÀ?

-ï-¢√-•’:
It is better to consult a doctor = Doctor Consult =

It is better to

–- -úÕ.Ææ’-¶«s®√-´¤, -Q-™«é¬-V-©÷®Ω’ †’ Ææçv°æ-Cç-îªôç ¢Ë’©’.

Ææçv°æ-Cç-îªôç


I want to see a doctor =

؈’


He wants to meet a doctor =

Doctor

Åûª†’

†’ éπ©-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’. †’ éπ©-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.

doctor

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

2

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ Ramana: Excuse me, how do I go from here Livewell Hospital? Livewell Hospital

(Ééπ\-úÕoç* èπ◊ ᙫ ¢Á∞«x-©çúÕ?) Strangers Åçõ‰ éÌûªh ¢√∞¡x†’ °æ©-éπ-Jç-îË-ô°æ¤p-úø’, Excuse me ņúøç good manners ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈ ¢√∞¡x ü¿%≠œdE ÇéπJ{ç-îª-ö«-EéÀ èπÿú≈ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç. 'Excuse me' ¢√úË Éûª®Ω Ææçü¿-®√s¥©’: Åúøfçí¬ Ö†o¢√-∞¡x†’ é¬Ææh ûª°æ¤p-éÓ-´’-ØË-ô-°æ¤púø’, éÌûªh ¢√∞¡x °æéπ\† restaurants ™, ÉçÈé-éπ\-úÁjØ√ èπÿ®Óa-¢√Lq ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’, etc.)

Manohar: Are you a stranger here?

(O’J-éπ\-úÕéÀ éÌûªh-¢√∞«x?) stranger = éÌûªh-¢√úø’ (ØËE-éπ\-úÕéÀ °æ‹Jhí¬ éÌûªh) Manohar: Where exactly do you want to go?

(O’®Ω’ éπÈ®-é˙dí¬ áéπ\-úÕ-Èé-∞«xL?) Ramana: To Vantage Company somewhere around the Hospital. Hospital Vantage Company Manohar: Don't worry. A number of buses go to thatway: 125K, 15M, 62, etc. Take 15M; that takes you directly to the Hospital. Facing the hospital is this Vantage Company. bus 125K, 15M, 62.. 15M Hospital Hospital Vantage Company). Ramana: (Do) you suggest I take an auto. (Auto

èπ◊ ü¿í∫_®Ω Ö†o

éÀ)

(àç °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. Åô’ ¢Áj°æ¤ ¢Á∞Ïx ©’ î√™«ØË ÖØ√o®·. áéπ\çúÕ. ÅC A†oí¬ èπ◊ -áü¿’-®Ω’-í¬ØË ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’çC.

BÆæ’éÓ-´’ç-ö«®√? (Çö™ ¢Á∞¡x´’ç-ö«®√?)

Manohar: That'd be very expensive. Don't worry. Buses on this route, especially 15M is very frequent.

(ÅC î√--™« áèπ◊\-´-´¤-ûª’çC. àç °∂æ®Ω-¢√™‰ü¿’. Ñ route ™ buses frequency áèπ◊\¢Ë.) frequency = ûª®Ω, áEo-≤ƒ®Ω’x ®√´ôç ÅØËC Ramana: OK. Thank you. I see 15M coming. I'll take it. (15M

´≤ÚhçC. ؈-üÁ-èπ◊\-û√†’). Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ùçû√ ´’†èπ◊ éÌûªh v°æüË-¨¡ç™ ü∆J ûÁ©’Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç, ûÁL-ߪ’-E-¢√-JéÀ ü∆JîÁ°æpôç í∫’Jç* ÅE ûÁ©’-Ææ÷hØË ÖçC éπü∆? Ç expressions îª÷ü∆lç É°æ¤púø’.

1) How do I go to Livewell Hospital? 2) somewhere around 3) buses go that way 4) Take the bus 15M 5) facing the Hospital 6) take an auto. simplest expression: How do I go? simplest question. could you let me know/ please tell me how to go/ how to get there?

°∂晫-Ø√ îÓöÀ-È陫 ¢Á∞«xL ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÉC Åûªuçûª Ææ£æ«-ï-¢Á’i†, ÉC é¬éπ-§ÚûË,

OöÀ Å®Ωnç Åéπ\-úÕ-È陫 ¢Á∞«x™ é¬Ææh îÁ•’-û√®√? ÅE ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ Åúø-í∫ôç.

-v°æ-¨¡o: My

brother was come-

-Å-ØË-

¢√éπuç -ûª°æ¤p -Å-Ø√o®Ω’. é¬-E VIth -™ beform+pp Å-E -îÁ-§ƒp®Ω’. -Ç -v°æ鬮Ωç -Ñ ¢√éπuç éπÈ®Íéd éπ-ü∆! – -á-Ø˛.°æ%-D∑y, ®√-V-§ƒ-™„ç

form of verb

-ï-¢√-•’:

My brother was comewas come was + past participle passive voice sentence beform + pp - verb form, subject verbs verbs) Lessons explain He is come/ He is gonesentences correct,

Ééπ\úø †’ ÅE BÆæ’èπ◊çõ‰ Å°æ¤púø’ Å´¤-ûª’çC– Å®Ωnç – Åûªúø’ ®√•-ú≈fúø’– DEéÀ Å®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’, 鬕öÀd ÅC Å´ü¿’ éπü∆? ÅD é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúË (Åçõ‰ á´-JE, üËEE ÅE v°æ¨¡o ¢ËÆæ’èπ◊çõ‰ ï¢√•’ ´îËa èπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Öçô’çC– ÉC Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ ™ î˨»ç– îª÷úøçúÕ. Å®·ûË Ñ é¬F Åçûªí¬ ¢√úø®Ω’.

Spoken English

ÅE

èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a. Can you/ Could you direct me/ guide me.. conversation a) Nizam college How do we go to/ get to Nizam College, please?/ Could you tell us/ let us know how to go to/ to get to/ We can go to Nizam college, please? b) What's the best way to get to Nizam college, please?

É-ü¿çû√ éÌçîÁç §ƒçúÕûªuç, ´÷´‚©’ ™ ®√ü¿’. ¢Ë’ç èπ◊ -á-™« ¢Á∞«x-©çúŒ?

c)

Ramana: I am totally new to this place.

(Ç

How do I go there/ get there please?

í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 12 -ï-†-´-J 2006

d)

ÅE èπÿ-ú≈ ņ-´îª’a. È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ü∆®Ω’-©’ -Öç--úø´-îªaE -¶µ«-Nç-*-†°æ¤p-úø’. Bus áéπ\úøç. Get into the bus, bus Cí∫úøç = get down from/ get off the bus. Ééπ\-úÕoç* bus/ auto ™ ¢Á∞¡xçúÕ. Take a bus/ an auto. number bus

°∂晫-Ø√ BÆæ’éÓçúÕ.

™/Çö™ ¢Á∞¡xçúÕ/

Auto

Take/ Get into bus no./ Take an auto. Train Take a train.

™ ¢Á∞¡xçúÕ =

Raghu: I can manage. Thank you. I'll be back in an hour and a half or two. Where can I find you? Manage =

To the left/ right; on the left/ on the right. verbs to the left/ Turn/ go to the right on the right/ on the left He is on my right.

Subash: Let's meet for lunch at Eatwell's. Food is good there. Take bus no. 22A, get down at Samir plaza stop. Walk along for a few yards and there you find the eatery. I'll be waiting for you there. lunch eatwell restaurant food 22 A bus samir plaza stop eatery (restaurant)

(Ø√ èπ◊úÕ -¢Áj°æ¤-Ø√oúø’).

(؈’ ¢Á∞¡x-í∫-©-†’™‰. à °æØÁjØ√ îËÆæ’éÓ-í∫-©-í∫ôç. ؈’ í∫çô-†o®√, È®çúø’ í∫çô-©éπ-™«x ´îËa-≤ƒh†’. -ØË-†’ -E-ØÁoéπ\-úø éπ©’Ææ’-éÓ-í∫-©-†’ (-Å°æp-öÀéÀ -F-¢Áéπ\-úø’ç-ö«-´-E?)

(-´’-†ç

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 96

éÀ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç, ™. Åéπ\úø ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC. áèπ◊\, ü¿í∫_®Ω CT éÌCl ü¿÷®Ωç †úÕÊÆh Ñ éπ-E°œÆæ’hç-C.)

™«çöÀ °æéπ\† Å®·ûË Åçö«ç. äéπ ´uéÀh, É©’x ™«çöÀN -Öçúøôç Å®·ûË Åçö«ç.

The school is on the left of the shop. (Shop School practice

áúø´’ -¢Áj°æ¤ ÖçC) ÉN ü∆J îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úË ´÷ô©’. ¶«í¬ îËߪ’çúÕ. Practise the following in English: Tej:

´’Lxé˙ ÉçöÀéÀ ᙫ ¢Á∞¡xôç? Ééπ\-úÕoç* áçûª ü¿÷®Ωç? Nikhil: Ŷs î√™« ü¿÷®Ωç. †’´¤y È®çúø’ bus ©’ ´÷J ´’Sx é¬Ææh ü¿÷®Ωç †úø-¢√L.

How do I get there ? Éçé¬ É™« èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a. go by bus/ go by ™/ auto ™/ train ™ ¢Á∞¡xçúÕ ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊.) Å®·ûË ÅEoçöxéÀ simplest: Take. 11.30 train ™ ¢Á∞¡xçúÕ. Í®°æ¤- -Öü¿ßª’ç -Ç®Ω’ í∫ç-ô-©éπ-™«x Åéπ\úø Öçö«®Ω’

Éü¿çû√ directions É´yôç í∫’-Jç-* éπü∆. Åçõ‰ ü∆J îÁ°æpôç. expressions ¢√úÕ†N îª÷úøçúÕ; O’®Ω÷ ¢√úÕ practice îËߪ’çúÕ:

auto/ go by train (Bus

take the 11.30 train; you will be there by 6 tomorrow morning. (at 6= by 6

1 a) walk down/ walk along/ walk up the road = Road b) Turn to the left/ to the right. take a turn to the left/ to the right. turn left/ turn right.

¢Áç•úË †úø-´çúÕ. áúø´’ -¢Áj°æ¤/ èπ◊úÕ-¢Áj°æ¤ A®Ω-í∫çúÕ= ™‰éπ-§ÚûË

ÇJç-öÀ-éÀ; = ÇJç-öÀ-éπ-™«x = ÇJç-öÀ-éÀí¬F Ç™-°æ™‰í¬F) catch ÅE èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a– ¢Á∞¡Ÿx/- ¢Á-∞¡xçúÕ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ, é¬F ÅEoç-öÀ-éπçõ‰ take ÅØËC best.

ÅD é¬éπ-§ÚûË A†oí¬ ¢Á∞¡xçúÕ= go straight/ walk straight d) Ç post office ü∆é¬ †úø-´çúÕ: walk on upto the

Raghu: Is Ramesh's very far off/ a long way off from here?

e) Walk on upto the post office and then turn

c)

post office.

left. Post office ü∆é¬ †úÕ* áúø-´’--¢Áj°æ¤ A®Ω-í∫çúÕ. Cèπ◊\© Ê°®Ω’x Ææç-ü¿®√s¥-™x.. (É¢√∞¡ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o¢√ ÅûªEo?) a) ûª÷®Ω’pí¬ ¢Á∞¡xçúÕ. Go east/ Walk to (towards)

(®Ω¢Ë’≠ˇ ¢√∞¡x É©’x Ééπ\-úÕéÀ î√-™« ü¿÷®Ω´÷?)

Subash: (Do) you want to see him today?

2.

Raghu: Yea, because I am leaving tomorrow.

(Å´¤†’. ؈’ Í®°æ¤ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√o†’ éπü∆?)

the east. b)

Subash: Sorry I can't take you there today. Let's go tomorrow.

(É¢√∞¡ E-†o-éπ\-úÕéÀ BÆæ’Èé-∞¡x-™‰†’. Í®°æ¤ -¢Á-∞¡-ü∆-ç) Raghu: I'll be busy tomorrow. Just tell me how to get/ go there. I can go on my own. busy on my own = Subash: OK. Walk down the street. Turn to the left and wait for Bus No. 4. It's quite frequent. Get off at Head Post Office stop. Walk along in the direction as the bus goes, turn to the right and then left. The fourth house on the right is Ramesh's. You can't miss it. Just opposite the place is Golconda super market. street Bus Post Office stop Bus road you can't miss it = super market

(Í®°æ¤ ؈’ î√-™« í¬ Öçö«†’. ᙫ ¢Á∞«x™ îÁ°æ¤p. ؈’ ¢Á∞¡x-í∫-©†’. Ø√ Åçûªô ØËØË)

(Ñ ¢Áç•úË †úø÷. áúø´’ -¢Áj°æ¤ A®Ω’í∫’. -Ø√-©’íÓ -†ç-•®˝ áèπ◊\. ü¿í∫_®Ω Cí∫’. ¢Á∞Ïx ¢ÁjÊ° é¬Ææh ü¿÷®Ωç †úÕ*, èπ◊úÕ™ ¢Áj°æ¤ AJT ´’Sx áúø-´’--¢Áj°æ¤ A®Ω’í∫’. Ç èπ◊úÕ-¢Áj°æ¤ -Ø√-©’íÓ É™‰x ®Ω¢Ë’-≠ˇC. ÅC éπ†-°æ-úø-éπ-§Ú-´ôç Åçô÷ Öçúøü¿’. áü¿’-®Ω’í¬ íÓ™Ô\çúø Öçô’çC.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

à Cèπ◊\-¢Áj-°æØ√o, A®Ω-í∫ôç= north, etc. í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.

Turn (to the) South/ Turn to the South =

turn South. c) Road

ü¿éÀ~ùç -¢Áj°æ¤ A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC=

The road turns

(to the) South d) Road

´’©’°æ¤ A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC=

The road takes a

bend. e) Road

´’©’°æ¤ ü¿í∫_Í® Ç

building=

The building is at the bend of the road= You find the building

Ææ’hçC)

(Fé¬

building

éπE-°œ-

at the point where the road takes a

bend.

™ Ö†o äéπîÓô’= a point. Ñ îÓöÀ†’ç* Åéπ\-úÕéÀ 2 éÀ.O’.

f) Road g)

It is 2 km from the point.

´’†ç directions îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úË éÌçúø í∫’®Ω’h©’= land marks . a)

Åéπ\-úÕéÀ ü¿í∫_J éÌçúø í∫’®Ω’h the nearest land mark to the place.

b) Hyderabad central is a famous land mark 'Hyderabd Central'

Åçü¿-Jéà ûÁL-Æœ† éÌçúø í∫’®Ω’h.

c) How do I find your home? Any land mark?

O’ É©’x ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÌ-ØË-üÁ™«? àüÁjØ√ éÌçúø í∫’®Ω’hçü∆?

Tej:

†’´¤y BÆæ’Èé-∞¡x-í∫©¢√? Nikhil: -Ñ®Ó-V ØË-†’ -î √-™« busy í¬ ÖØ√o. ü¿÷®Ω-¢Ë’-í¬E É©’x éπ†’éÓ\-´ôç ûËLÍé. Tej: éÌEo éÌçúø-í∫’-®Ω’h©’ îÁ°æ¤p. ؈’ éπ†’- M. SURESAN èπ◊\çö«. Nikhil: ü¿éÀ~ùç -¢Áj°æ¤ †úÕÊÆh Bus stop ´Ææ’hçC, éπü∆? 13 ´ number bus áèπ◊\. Ééπ\-úÕéÀ 6 ´ stop ™ Cí∫’. -ü∆-E-E Gulab Restaurant Stop Åçö«®Ω’. Åéπ\úø 27 bus áèπ◊\. Urdu School stop ü¿í∫_®Ω Cí∫’. Urdu School ü∆é¬ †úÕ*, Åçõ‰ ûª÷®Ω’p -¢Áj°æ¤, Åéπ\úÕoç* ü¿éÀ~ùç ¢Áj°æ¤ A®Ω’í∫’. Åéπ\úø Fèπ◊ éÌçúø í∫’®Ω’h– £æ«†’-´÷Ø˛ ǩߪ’ç. Ç Ç©ßª’ç †’ç* ´‚úÓ É™‰x ´’†-¢√-úÕC. Tej: áçûªÊÆ°æ¤ °æúø’-ûª’çC?Nikhil: éπFÆæç 45 E-N’-≥ƒ-©’. Answer: Tej: How to go to/ how do I go to Malliks?/ Malliks place? Nikhil: O, it's a long way off. You need to walk some distance after changing two buses. Tej: Can you take me there? Nikhil: I am very busy today. The place is distant but is easy to find. Tej: Give me/ Let me have some land marks. I'll manage. Nikhil: Walk South and you get the bus stop, don't you? Take bus no. 13. Get off / get down at the 6th stop from here. That is the Gulab Restaurant stop. Catch Bus no. 27 there. Get off at Urdu School stop. Walk up to Urdu School, that is, walk (to the) east, and then turn South. There you have a land mark- Hanuman Temple. The third from the temple is our friend's. Tej: How long will it take? Nikhil: At least 45 minutes.

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

II Ranjan: Hi Sajjan, what brings you here so early in the day?

(àçöÀ, Éçûª °ç-ü¿-®√∞Ï É™« ´î√a´¤?)

Ranjan: Ok, I'll give you another route. Drive along, take the 3rd right, proceed till you see a Ganesh temple with a large

Sajjan: Just to see you, Ranjan, long since we met you know.

neem tree behind it. Go on further

(Ç, E†’o îª÷úø-ö«-EÍé, ´’†ç éπ©’-Ææ’èπ◊-E -î√-™« ®ÓV-©-®·ç-C-éπü∆?)

sales Tax Office there. You can't miss

Ranjan: That's right/ so it is, of course. What's (what has) happened to you all these days? You forgot me. Didn't you?

booth. The 2nd house from it is

(éπÈ®Íéd™‰. ÉEo®ÓV-™‰-´’-ߪ÷u´¤ †’´¤y?/ à´’®·çC Fèπ◊? ††’o ´’Ja-§Ú-ߪ÷´¤, éπü∆?) Sajjan: I could say the same about you, couldn't I?

(E†’o í∫’-Jç-* èπÿú≈ ؈üË Å†-´îª’a éπü∆?) Ranjan: Ok, Ok, let's not quarrel. Happy we've met atleast now, aren't we?

(ÆæÍ®x, íÌ-úø-¢Ì-ü¿’l. É°æpöÀÈéjØ√ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oçü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æç éπü∆?)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 97

-¨¡-E¢√®Ωç 14 -ï-†-´-J 2006

along. Then turn left. You find the it because in front of it there is an STD Bhushan's. So, distant perhaps, but easy to locate, isn't it?

(ÉçéÓ

5) Close by = near by = close to = near =

route

îÁ§ƒh. É™« ¢Á∞¡Ÿx, ´‚úÓ- èπ◊úÕ road -¢Áj°æ¤ A®Ω’í∫’. Å™«Íí ¢Á∞¡Ÿx í∫ù‰¨»-©-ߪ’ç ´®Ωèπ◊. ǩߪ’ç ¢Á†’éπ °ü¿l ¢Ë°æ îÁô’dçô’çC. Éçé¬Ææh ü¿÷®Ωç-¢Á∞¡Ÿx, áúø-´’ -¢Áj°æ¤ A®Ω’í∫’. Åéπ\úø sales tax office Öçô’çC. ÅC miss Å´-™‰´¤ †’´¤y. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ ü∆E ´·çüË ã STD booth Öç-C. Åéπ\-úÕ-Eç-* È®çúÓ É™‰x Bhushan C.) éÀç-ü¿-öÀ lesson ™ ™«Íí Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æù èπÿú≈ ü∆J Åúø-í∫-ö«-EéÃ, ü∆J îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† Ææ綵«-≠æù‰ éπü∆? Ééπ\úø ´÷ô©’ îª÷ü∆lç: cross roads, behind, in front of, proceed, go further along.

Now Practise the following aloud in English: Pavan: Arjun,

(Åéπ\-úÕéÀ) ü¿í∫_-®Ω™, Ç ü¿J-ü∆-°æ¤™x a) You know the collectorate, don't you? The electricity office is close by/ nearby/ close to it/ near it = collectorate Collector, Director, Commissioner ' - ate' electricity office 6) Proceed = a) road proceed straight along this road. b) Proceed to the east = c) If you proceed for a KM, you will see the place =

Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆? ™«çöÀ ( îËJÊÆh ¢√J 鬮√u-©-ߪ÷-©ØË Å®Ωnç °æü∆-©èπ◊ ü∆EéÀ ü¿í∫_Í®. ´Ææ’hçC.) Ç Å™«Íí ¢Á∞¡xôç/ -¢Á-∞¡x-ôç. Ñ ¢Áç•õ‰ A†oí¬ ¢Á∞¡xçúÕ ûª÷®Ω’p -¢Áj°æ¤ ¢Á∞¡xçúÕ

Å™«Íí ã éÀ-™-O’-ô®Ω’ ü¿÷®Ωç ¢Á∞Ïh Ç îÓô’ O’èπ◊ éπE°œ-Ææ’hçC.

Need not walk further

O’ ÉçöÀéÀ -dž’-èπ◊†o Building àçöÀ? Ææçí∫û√ -†’-´y-úÕ-ÍíC? Pavan: Net Centre O’ ÉçöÀéÀ èπ◊úÕ-¢Áj°æ¤. ؈-úÕ-ÍíC áúø´’ -¢Áj°æ¤ Building Ææçí∫A. Arjun: ÅC Telephone Engineering Company ¢√∞¡xC. ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ á°æ¤púø÷ •ßª’ô °æE áèπ◊\´. Åçü¿’-éπE ü∆ü∆°æ¤ á°æ¤púø÷ ´‚ÊÆ Öçô’çC. Pavan: -Ç -ã-†®˝ -áéπ\-úø’ç-ö«-úø’? Arjun: Çߪ’-†’çúËC X®√ç-†-í∫-®˝™ . †’Ny-éπ\-úÕoç* ¢Á∞«x-©çõ‰ ûÌN’t-üÓ-†ç-•®˝ Bus áèπ◊\. Pavan: Ø√èπ◊ bike ÖçC. Arjun: Ñ ®Óú˛ ¢Áç•úË ¢ÁRx, èπ◊úÕ-¢Áj°æ¤ AJ-TûË éÌçûªü¿÷®Ωç ûª®√yûª §ƒ© booth éπ-E°œÆæ’hç-C. ü∆E ¢Á†-éπØË Çߪ’-E©’x. Çߪ’EçöÀ °æéπ\ building †’ Åü∆l© ¢Ë’úø Åçö«®Ω’. Åéπ\-úÕéÀ ü¿í∫_Í® ´’† Maths lecturer É©’x. Arjun: Net Centre

Pavan: OK Thank you. Answer: Pavan: Arjun, What's in the building beside/

Sajjan: You can very well say that. How about disturbing Bhushan now? correct. Bhushan

1) Cross Roads/ road junction = X roads

Ø√©’í∫’ ®Óúøx ÅE -èπÿú≈ ®√≤ƒh®Ω’. -èπÿ-úøL = DEo (†’´y-ØËC ¢√Rxç-öÀéÀ áèπ◊\´í¬ center ÅF, î¯é˙ ÅF- Åçô’çö«ç. ¢Á∞«l´÷?) chowk £œ«çD- ´÷ô. center ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. you can say that/ you can very well say that 2) behind = ¢Á†éπ. DE •ü¿’©’ ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ î√-™«= †’´y-ØËC correct. ´’çC backside/ at the back side Åçô’ç-ö«®Ω’. Disturbing Bhushan Åç-õ‰ – ¢√Rxç-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞«l´÷? é¬E english ™ backside = buttocks ÅØË é¬F ÅûªEo trouble îËߪ’-ö«-E-éπE é¬ü¿’) (°œ®Ω’-ü¿’©’). Åçûªí¬ back ¢√ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰, at the Ranjan: (I) Like to, but I'm not for going so far back of Åçõ‰ ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC. off now?

(É≠æd¢Ë’ é¬E, -É°æ¤p-úø’ Åçûªü¿÷®Ωç ´îËa °æJ-ÆœnA™ ™‰†’) Sajjan: far off? His place is/ He lives close by, doesn't he?

(ü¿÷®Ωç Åçô’-Ø√o-¢ËçöÀ? Ééπ\-úÕéÀ ü¿í∫_Í® éπü∆ ¢√Rx-©’x?/-É-éπ\-úÕéÀ ü¿í∫_®Ω™ØË Öçö«úø’ éπü∆?) Ranjan: That was till 2 months ago. He moved to surendranagar.

(Å-C È®ç-úø’-ØÁ-©-© éÀç-ü¿-öÀ Ææçí∫-A. -¢√-úø’ Surendra nagar èπ◊ É©’x ´÷®√-úø’.) -É-©’x -´÷®Ωôç-= move; shift Åçûª- Ææ-J-é¬ü¿’. Å™«Íí 2 months ago, correct, 2 months back ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’) Sajjan: That's news. The fellow didn't even call to tell me of it. I wish to see him urgently about something important. How do I go to him?

(ÅC Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ-L-ߪ’ü¿’. ¢√úø’ Ç N≠æߪ’ç phone îËÆæ-®·Ø√ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’.¢√ùÀo-°æ¤púø’ ´·êu¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç í∫’-Jç-* éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L. ᙫ?) Ranjan: I'll tell you. Listen carefully. You have a bike, haven't you. Drive straight along the road. At the next cross roads, turn left. Take the third right turn again. bike road Drive = Motor Centre

(îÁÊ°pC ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ N†’. F ÖçC, éπü∆?Ñ ¢Áç•úË ¢Á∞¡Ÿx. ( ¢√£æ«-†ç™ ¢Á∞¡xôç.) Ç ûª®√yûª ´îËa ™ áúø´’-¢Áj°æ¤ A®Ω’í∫’. ´’Sx ´‚úÓèπ◊úÕ- ¢Áj°æ¤ -BÆæ’éÓ)

Sajjan: You are confusing me. Why don't you come along too. confuse

(†’´¤y ††’o ®√-èπÿ-úøü∆?

îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤. †’-´‹y-

Spoken English

a) The car is behind/ at back of the bus. (At the backside of the bus 3) In front of = space behind/ at the back of opposite. before Before Time space The School comes before the cloth shop Correct, cloth shop building

é¬ü¿’.) ´·ç-ü¿’ -Å-E ( Ææç-ü¿®Ωs¥ç-™). èπ◊ DE ÉC áèπ◊\´ ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç. •ü¿’©’ èπÿú≈ Åçõ‰ '´·çü¿’— ÅØË Å®Ωnç, é¬E ÅC ™ ´·çü¿’ ÅE ™ é¬ü¿’. Å®·ûË Ééπ\úø à Å®ΩnçûÓ? Ç èπ◊ É´-ûª™‰ èπ◊ ´·çü¿®Ω ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ÅçûËé¬F äéπ ÅE é¬ü¿’. a) ´÷ ÉçöÀ´·ç-ü¿’ -ã éÌ•sJ-îÁ-ô’dçC. There is a

Coconut tree in front of our home. b) Post Office Their place is/ comes before the post office. 4) Beside = The Collectorate is beside the swaraj Maidan. Collectorate = Collector's office. Collector, director, Commissioner, etc, 'ate'

¢√∞¡x É©’x

É´-ûª™‰ =

°æéπ\† –

(Ææy®√ñ¸ ¢Á’iü∆Ø˛ °æéπ\ØË èπ◊

îËJÊÆh ¢√∞¡x

鬮√u-©-ߪ÷-©ØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC). a) The Cloth shop is beside the Post Office beside 'next to' better,

Å®·ûË áèπ◊\´.

éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈

b) The cloth shop is next to the jewellery on the left of/ on the right of it = shop shop, (Beside, besides. beside = by the side of =

°æéπ\ØË Ç •ôd©

Ç †í∫© èπ◊úÕ -¢Áj°æ¤/-á-úø´’ ¢Áj°æ¤

7) farther, further: farther, far Comparative; far:

next to yours?

èπ◊ ü¿÷®Ωç. i) farther: áèπ◊\´ ü¿÷®Ωç. Mumbai is farther from Vijayawada, than from Hyderabad.

Arjun: Are you talking of the Net Centre? Pavan: The Net Centre is on the right of your place. I am asking you about the building on the left of your place. Arjun: That

M. SURESAN

´·ç¶„j £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ éπç-õ‰ Nï-ߪ’-¢√-úø- †’ç* áèπ◊\´ ü¿÷®Ωç. ii) further: Éçé¬. I can't walk any further: ÉçÈé-èπ◊\´ ü¿÷®Ωç (Éçéπ) ؈’ †úø-´-™‰†’. (Ééπ\úø farther= further éπü∆?) b) Don't talk any further: ÉçÍéç ´÷ö«x-úøèπ◊. c) Walk further (farther) along:

Å™«Íí Éçé¬ †úø-´çúÕ. ¢Áç•úÕ Éçé¬-ü¿÷®Ωç †úø-´çúÕ.

Ç Nví∫£æ«ç ü∆öÀ †úø-´-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. Lesson No 96 ´÷ô©÷, Ñ Lesson ´÷ô©÷, ü∆J ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´-ôç™, Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ ü∆J îÁ°æp-ôç™ ¢√úøôç Ææ®Ωy-≤ƒ--üµ∆®Ωùç. O’ conversation ™ Practice îËߪ’çúÕ.

-v°æ-¨¡o: Main verbs (tell, drinks), -¢√-öÀéÀ -´·ç-ü¿’-´-îËa

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

(•ßª’ô). That's why it (ü∆ü∆°æ¤) always closed.

Pavan: Where does the owner live? Do you know? Arjun: He lives in Sriram Nagar. If you are going from here take bus No.9 Arjun: Drive along this road, turn right and go on for some distance; you find a milk booth. The house behind it is his. The building next to his is called Addala meda. Our Maths lecturer's place is closeby. Pavan: OK. Thank you.

I didn't tell him=

؈-ûª-EéÀ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’ ؈-ûª-E-Èé-°æ¤púø÷ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’. (never = á°æ¤púø÷ ™‰ü¿’/ é¬ü¿’)

eg. I didn't tell, I never told I might tell, I might have told I did not tell, I have not told.

I might tell him:

-™ -Ö-†o°æp-öÀéà Ȯç-úÕç-öÀ- Å®Ωnç -äéπ\-õ‰-Ø√?

؈-ûª-EéÀ îÁ°æp-´îª’a (îÁ§ƒh-ØË¢Á÷)–

Helping verbs helping verb main verbs tense, helping verb tense

¢√úËîÓôx,

ûª®√yA †’•õ‰d

eg: He does not know this: 'does' present tense verb 'does know' present tense. I did not tell him - 'did' past tense; so verb did tell- past tense.

鬕öÀd,

(future)

I might have told him =

– Èé.-A®Ω’°æ-A, ®√-´÷-ߪ’çÊ°-ô

Ééπ\úø

Telephone

work is outdoors is almost

I never told him =

-©’- -¢ËÍ®y®Ω’

Öçô’çC. °æéπ\†– ´’†ç Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ °æéπ\† ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úÕ-†-´÷ô. Besides = also, èπÿú≈, ü∆E-ûÓ-§ƒô’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ. I lost my pen besides my book. Book ûÓ §ƒô’ pen èπÿú≈ §ÚíÌ-ô’d-èπ◊Ø√o)

a

Engineering Company. Most of their

helping verbs (do, did) tenses (present tense, past tense)

-ï-¢√-•’:

to

Pavan: I have my bike.

d) Go further down the street: road e) You need not walk further than the statue

Ç

belongs

؈-ûª-EéÀ îÁ°œp Öçúø-´îª’a (îÁ§ƒp-ØË¢Á÷– past) îª÷úøçúÕ: 'tell' ûª®√yûª á´-JûÓ îÁ°œpçC èπÿú≈ îÁ§ƒpL. 'say' and 'tell' èπ◊ ûËú≈ -É-C-´®Ω-™ N´-Jç-î√ç. I did not tell him =

؈-ûª-EéÀ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’ (í∫ûªç™, ÅE îÁ°æpúøç ïJ-TûË– äéπ week, etc) I have not told him =

time, time, date, year,

Åçõ‰ á°æ¤púø’

ØËEçûª´®Ωèπ◊ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’.

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iII

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Varun: Hi Tarun, Congrats on scoring a hundred percent in Maths.

-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 17 -ï-†-´-J 2006

Tarun: I want to do a PG course in IISC, Bangalore.

(†÷öÀéÀ †÷®Ω’ ´÷®Ω’\©’ Maths ™ ´*a-†çü¿’èπ◊ congratulations. Cent percent É°æ¤púø’ §ƒûª-•úÕ §Ú®·çC. A / One hundred percent ÅØËC É°æp-öÀ- ¢√-úø’éπ.) Tarun: Thank you. Congrats to you too. You scored the highest in English, didn't you?

(ÉüÁjçûªª®√yûª

Bangalore

™

IISC

îË®√-©E)

PG course= Post graduate. (MA, M.Sc

™«çöÀ Master courses †’ PG courses Åçö«®Ω’. BA, B.Sc, ™«çöÀ B ûÓ Courses= Bachelor/

degree/

Åçö«ç.

Post =

graduate

ûª®√y-ûª.

graduate

ûª®√y-ûª.

courses

Post graduate =

(Fèπÿ Congrats. Fèπ◊ English ™ Åçü¿-Jéπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ´÷®Ω’\©’ ´î√a®· éπü∆?)

Varun: That's a good idea. You are good at

Varun: I am happy about it. My marks in Maths

(Fèπ◊ Sciences ¶«í¬ ´Ææ’hç-C é¬-•-öÀd ÅC ´’ç* idea ØË.)

aren't bad either, though didn't get a hundred percent. When I joined the course a few months I was not that confident about Maths. My hard work has paid off. The marks in this exam have given me confidence.

(Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ-≠æç-í¬ØË ÖçC. Maths ™ èπÿú≈ Ø√èπ◊ ´’ç* Marks ´î√a®· †÷öÀ-éÀ -†÷®Ω’ 鬧Ú-®·Ø√. course ™ join Å®·-†-°æ¤púø’ Åçûª- †-´’téπç ™‰ü¿’ Maths N≠æ-ߪ’ç™. Ñ exam ™ marks Ø√™ †´’téπç éπ-L-Tç-î √®·. Aren't bad either = ÅC èπÿú≈ -îÁúËç é¬ü¿’ ¶«í¬ØË ´*açC. English ™ not ûÓ also ®√ü¿’. either ´Ææ’hçC. Confidence = †´’téπç; paid off= ´’ç* îËÆ œçC/ ™«¶µºç éπL-Tç-*çC.

Shankar: May I Know what you are?

Sciences.

Tarun: I think the time has come for us to apply for the entrance exams of these cours-

Shankar: Studying...?

(´’†ç Ñ entrance exams – v°æ¢Ë-¨¡-°æ-K-éπ~©èπ◊ apply îËߪ÷-Lq† time ´*aç-ü¿-†’-èπ◊çö«. ≤ƒ-üµ∆®Ω-ùçí¬ Ñ entrance exams ÅFo èπÿú≈ December ™ Öçö«®·.)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 98

college in the degree course/ I am in the 10th Class/ I am doing my X class.

™ îË®Ωôç= Join a School/ college - join in é¬ü¿’. b) äéπ course îªü¿-´ôç = studying a course. äéÓ\-°æ¤púø’ taking a course.

How come you don't know this? Varun: Dad wasn't happy with any of those colleges, so he admitted me into / to this college.

(´÷ Ø√†oéπ¢Ë-O’ †îªa-™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-éπE Ééπ\úø îËJpç-î√®Ω’.) School

about the entrance exams. The last date for sending in the filled in applica-

™ îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊-Ø√o´¤?)

Varun: Upto the 7th Class in Teachwell School

(E†oöÀ papers ™ Ñ v°æ¢Ë¨¡ °æK-éπ~© ads ´î√a®·. °æ‹-Jh-îËÆœ-† applications °æ秃-Lq† *´--J-ûËC ´îËa ØÁ© 12) Tarun: Then we had better get ready. Ok, then, see you.

Varun: Bye.

Students, Studies, courses èπ◊ Ææç-•ç-Cµç-*-† Ææ綵«-≠æù éπü∆ ÉC? éÌEo expressions (7´ class ´®Ωèπ◊ Teachwell School ™, 8th °æJ-Q-Lü∆lç. †’ç* 10th ´®Ωèπ◊ Learnwell School ™) students ņ-í¬ØË marks, pass, fail, score Tarun: How do you like being a hosteller? É™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’, fees, study, ™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’ (Hostel ™ Öçúøôç ᙫ -ÖçC Fèπ◊?) í∫’®Ìh-≤ƒh-®·-éπü∆? î√-™« simple í¬, Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ ÖçúË Hosteller = resident = Hostel ™ ÖçúÕ ´÷ô© B®Ω’ É™« Öçô’çC. îªü¿’´¤èπ◊ØË¢√úø’. Being= Öçúøôç, Being a 1 a) †’¢Áy-éπ\úø îªü¿’´¤ûª’Ø√o´¤? hosteller = Hosteller í¬ Öçúøôç. Where are you studying?/ Which School/ and from the 8h to the 10th in Learnwell

3 a) She is taking lessons in music/ dance, etc: Music, dance She is learning music/ dance = She is doing taking a course in music/ dance. took, learned, etc b) I want to take this software course software course 4 i) study well/ do well at studies. a) 'How is he studying?/ Is he good at studies? 'O, he is doing very well at studies/ He is studying very well; he is hardworking.'

™ Péπ~ù §Òçü¿’-ûÓçC/ ØË®Ω’a-éÌç-

ÅC í∫ûªç™ Å®·ûË

ØËF ¶«í¬ îªü¿-´ôç=

School.

Varun: O, I do like it. That's a kind of experience. Valuable in its own way. The only problem is food. Where did you do Intermediate?

(Ø√éÀ≠d¢æ Ë’. ÅüÓ Å†’-¶µº-´ç–- ü∆E N©’´ ü∆Eèπ◊çC. (valuable= N©’-¢Áj†) ǣ慮Ωç äéπõ‰ Ææ´’Ææu. †’-´¤y -Éç-ô®˝ áéπ\úø îªC-¢√´¤?) Tarun: Here itself. Why didn't you go for Engineering after Inter?

(Ééπ\úË. †’¢Áyç-ü¿’èπ◊ Engineering îË®Ω-™‰ü¿’?) Ééπ\úË Å†-ö«-EéÀ Here only ÅE Åçô’çö«ç – Éü¿çûª ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’– Here itself ÆæÈ®j† expression. Varun: I am not interested. Moreover I want to be an MBA. Why didn't you?

(Ø√èπ◊

interest

™‰ü¿’. ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ Ø√èπ◊ MBA Å¢√-©E -Öç-C. ´’J †’¢Áyç-ü¿’èπ◊ Engineering îË®Ω-™‰ü¿’?)

Spoken English

îªü¿’-´¤-ûÓçC.

öçC =

(Å®·ûË ´’†ç ready Å´ôç ´’ç*C. -´’-S} éπ©’Ææ’èπ◊çü∆ç)

Tarun: Where did you do your schooling?

(†’´¤y à

Varun: Yesterday's papers carried the ads

tions is the 12th of next month.

FéÀC ûÁ-L-ߪ’éπ-§Ú-´ôç àçöÀ?

îÓôxçû√ Éçé¬

èπÿú≈ ûªÊ°p. É™«çöÀ ¢√úÕûË ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC. ÅE èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a.

I am taking the exams

place?

O’ Ü∞x á-ØÓo College ©’ -Öçúøí¬, Ééπ\úø -áç-ü¿’èπ◊ join Åߪ÷u--´¤? How come= áçü¿’èπ◊, purely conversational expression. O’ conversation ™ ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√úøçúÕ: How come you are here? = -àçöÀ-éπ\-úø’-Ø√o¢˛?

Å™«Íí

c) She is taking a course in Software Software course

®√ߪ’-¶-ûª’-

(say either, 'Take an exam' or 'sit an exam'.) am appearing/ is appearing/ are appearing for an exam taking Do an exam She is going her final year B.Tech exam at the end of this year.

2 a) School/ College

Tarun: How come you joined this college, when

Inter exams

Ñ É°æ¤p-úøçûª ¢√úø-ôç-™‰ü¿’. í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: °æKéπ~ ®√ߪ’ôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ a) give an exam, b) write an exam ÅE î√-™« ´’çC Åçô’ç-ö«®Ω’ – OöÀ™x àC-èπÿú≈ correct é¬ü¿’.

(àç îªü¿’´¤ûª’Ø√o®Ω’) Dinakar: I am doing my II year Inter/ I am at

year.

؈’ Ñ -àú≈C *´®Ω Ø√o†’

(I am taking/ will take the Inter exams at the end of this year/ I am sitting the Inter exams at the end of this year/ I sit the exam. Appear for an exam expression

Dinakar: I am a student

es which are usually in December every

you have so many colleges in your

b)

(O’Í®ç îËÆæ’hç-ö«®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´-î√a?/ O’Í®ç îËÆæ’hç-ö«®Ω’?)

College are you studying in?/ Which School/

ii)

¢√úøû√ç.

îªü¿-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.

(éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ îªü¿-´ôç) ¶«í¬ îªü¿-´ôç = be good at studies, clever/ bright at studies (¶«í¬, ûÁL-Ní¬ îªü¿’-´¤-û√®Ω’.)

b) She is good at maths, but rather poor at Physics = Physics poor. college 5 Class attend class (es)/ attend college. 6 Poor at studies = dull at studies. 7 exam (examination exam exam test a) exam: (qualification) - X class certificates Inter, B.Tech, Msc degrees

-Ç -Å-´÷t®·éÀ ™„éπ\©’ ¶«í¬ØË -´-a, é¬F ™ é¬Ææh èπ◊ £æ…ï-®Ω-´ôç/ éÀ £æ…ï-®Ω-´ôç

°æKéπ~ = ´·êuçí¬ ®√ûª-™ØË ¢√úøôç Ææ••’); ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. ´÷ö«x-úË-ô°æ¤púø’ b) F¢Ë class? = what class are you in?/ Which èπÿ, èπÿ ûËú≈: class are you studying? what class are you äéπ Nü∆u-®Ω|ûª ™«çöÀ é¬F, doing? é¬F §Òçü¿-ö«-EéÀ Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ´·êu-¢Á’i† OöÀéÀ Ææ´÷-üµ∆-Ø√©’. Iam studying in... School/ °æKéπ~. College. I am in the I year Inter/ II year b) Test: ã exam èπ◊ •ü¿’©’í¬í¬F, Åü¿-†çí¬í¬F degree, etc. Studying •ü¿’©’, doing áèπ◊\´ Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’ à subject áçûª´®Ωèπ◊ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊¢√u´-£æ…-Jéπç. Ø√o®Ω ’, áçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ¢√∞¡xé¬ subject ´îª’a ÅE E®Ωga) ؈’ I year Engineering îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√o†’ ®·çî ª-ö«-EéÀ E®Ωy-£œ«çîË °æKéπ~ test. Test Æ洒ߪ’ç, I am doing my I year Engineering. exam Æ洒ߪ’ç éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\¢Ë Öçúø-´îª’a. Ææçü¿b) Which year of medicine are you in? are ®√s¥Eo •öÀd test ™ marks èπ◊ Nü∆u-®Ω|-ûª™ Åçûªyou studying/ which year? ´·-êuçí¬ í∫’Jhç-°æ¤ -Öç-úø-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. (ÉC Éçûªèπ◊´·çüË medicine ÅE ûÁLÊÆh)/ 8 °æKéπ~ ®√ߪ’ôç: Take an exam/ sit an exam. Which year are you doing? a) ؈’ Í®°æ¤ °æKéπ~ ®√ߪ’-¶-ûª’-Ø√o†’ Medicine à Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√o´¤? I am taking an exam tomorrow. College are you a student of?

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

8

Ç¢Á’ Ñ Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωç™ B.tech *´J Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç °æKéπ~ ®√Ææ’hçC. °æK-éπ~™x ´÷®Ω’\©’ ûÁaéÓ-´ôç get/ score/ secure. OöÀ™ x secure éÌClí¬ §ƒçúÕûªuç – ¢√úøéπ-§Ú-´ôç ´’ç*C.

M. SURESAN

Rama Rao: How much/ How many marks did you get/ score in last week's exam?

(éÀç-ü¿-öÀ-¢√®Ωç °æK-éπ~™  áçûª/ -áEo ´÷®Ω’\©’ -ûÁa-èπ◊-Ø√o´¤?/ ´î√a®· Fèπ◊?) Bharadwaj: Dad, I can't say I got/ scored very high marks.

(--´÷®Ω’\-©’ ¶«í¬ ûÁa-èπ◊-†o-ô’d/- ´-*a†ô’d îÁ°æp-™‰†’) Rama Rao: Why isn't your score high? Why aren't your marks high?

(áèπ◊\´ marks áçü¿’èπ◊ ûÁa-éÓ-™‰-ü¿’/®√-™‰ü¿’?) OR Why Couldn't you score high? Why couldn't you get high marks?

(áçü¿’èπ◊ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ûÁa-éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷¢˛?) OR Why did you score low? Why did you get such low marks.

(Åçûª- ûª-èπ◊\-¢Áç-ü¿’èπ◊ ûÁa-èπ◊-Ø√o-´¤/ Åçûª ûªèπ◊\´ Marks ᙫ ´î√aß˝’?) Éçûª-éπçõ‰ ¢Á’®Ω’-Èíj† Marks ûÁa-éÓ-™‰-éπ§Ú-ߪ÷¢Ëç? Why could n't you score better?/ Why couldn't you get better marks than this?.

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iII

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Neeraj: Hi Suraj, ages since we met; what's wrong?

(´’†ç éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E î√-™« ®ÓV-©-®·çC. àçöÀ 鬮Ωùç?)

b) exams busy taking/ attending exams (Busy writing exams english writing an exam/ exams lesson c) exams exams are fast approaching = exams (Approach -

®√Ææ÷hç-úøôç ´©x BJé𠙉éπ-§Úôç –

´÷vûªç-é¬ü¿’, ™ ÅØË ´÷ô ™‰ ü ¿’ – éÀç-ü¿-öÀ Suraj: I was very busy till yesterday with my ™ ûÁ © ’Æ æ ’ è π ◊ Ø√oç í∫ ü ∆?) exams. Thank God, its all over. What a ´îËaÆæ’hØ√o®· = relief! No more exam nerves ÆæO’-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o®· = (E†oöÀ´®Ωèπ◊ exams ´©x î√-™« busy í¬ Åv§Úî˝ – v§Ú ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç = ÖØ√o. Å´’tߪ’u Å®·-§Ú-ߪ÷®·. áçûª Ææ O ’° œ ç î ª ô ç = ü¿ í ∫ _ ® Ω è π ◊ ®√´úø ç/ ¢Á∞¡xúøç) £æ…®·í¬ ÖçüÓ! °æK-éπ~© -¶-„ü¿’®Ω’ Ééπ-™‰ü¿’.)
exam nerves = °æK-éπ~-©çõ‰ éÌçûª-´’çCéÀ -Öç-úË Relief = (°ü¿l •®Ω’´¤ ØÁAh O’ü¿ †’ç* Cç*-†ô’d) ¶„ü¿’®Ω’, éπçí¬®Ω’, °æK-éπ~-© -¶µºßª’ç. Núø’-ü¿©. exam nerves °æK-éπ~-©çõ‰ -¶„ü¿’®Ω’) °æK-éπ~© ¶µºßª’ç †’ç* •ßª’-ô-•-úøôç– get over Neeraj: Happy to hear that. How did you do in exam nerves, get over = ÅCµ-í∫-N’ç-îªôç. the exams?
How did you do in the exam? (ÆæçûÓ≠æç! ᙫ ®√¨»´¤ exams?) exam ᙫ ®√¨»-´¤? – ÉC ´·êuçí¬ í∫´’-Eç-î √L Suraj: Well, I hope (¶«í¬ØË ÅE ÇP-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’) ´’†ç – english ™ ᙫ ®√¨»´¤ exam ņ-ú≈-EéÀ Neeraj: What were your marks in the earlier 'write' ü∆E Éûª®Ω forms ®√ØË-®√´¤. î√-™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ exams? ¢√úË ´÷ô, 'do' ü∆E Éûª®Ω forms (Åçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ exams ™ marks ᙫa) ؈’ E†o °æK-éπ~©’ ¶«í¬ ®√¨»†’ ´-î√a®·?) I did well in the exam yesterday. b) ؈ç-ûª-Ææ-Jí¬ ®√ߪ’-™‰ü¿’ I didn't do so well/ I haven't done so well

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 99

í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 19 -ï-†-´-J 2006

(Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd) ؈-†’-èπ◊-†o ü∆E-éπØ√o ¶«í¬ ®√¨»†’

c)

I did much better than I had expected.

Vinod: You know, Vikas topped the school with his one hundred percent each in Maths and Science.

Meghana: I'm surprised. She usually does very well. She never scored below 85% in the previous exams.

(Ææ÷\™x Åçü¿-J-éπØ√o áèπ◊\´ ´÷®Ω’\©’ Maths Science ™ 100])

(Eïçí¬ Ç¨¡a-®Ωuçí¬ ÖçüË, §ƒ°æç. ´·†’°æöÀ (previous - v°œN-ߪ’Æˇ) °æK-éπ~™x á°æ¤púø÷ 85]èπ◊ ûªí∫_-™‰ü¿’.) É™«çöÀîÓôx less than 85% -Åç-ô÷ ≤ƒ-üµ∆®Ω-ùçí¬ ¢√úË-C– -Åç-ûª-Ææ-J-é¬ü¿’) Exam fail Å´ôç, pass Å´ôç = He/ she

Pramod: That's brilliant/ really brilliant.

(î√™« íÌ°æp-í¬/- E-ïçí¬ íÌ°æpí¬ ÖçC, Åûª-úø’ °æKéπ~ ®√Æœ† B®Ω’) Vinod:

Every teacher likes him for his performance in the exams. teachers

(°æK-éπ~-™x -Å-ûª-úÕ B®Ω’-´©x -Åç-ü¿-Jéà Åûª-†çõ‰ É≠ædç.) äéπ N≠æߪ’ç: do, fare, perform - -Ñ -´‚-úÕç-öÀ-EÍé-´-©ç °æKéπ~© N≠æ-ߪ’ç-™ØË é¬èπ◊çú≈ äéπJ ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç •ßª’-ô-°æúË N≠æ-ߪ÷-©-Eoç-öÀ-™†÷ ¢√úøû√ç.

How did you do in the exam? Suraj: In most of them just above sixty percent. In one or two others I scored quite high - above 90%

(î√-™«¢√öÀ™x 60] éπçõ‰ éÌClí¬ áèπ◊\´. äéπöÀ È®çúø’ papers ™ ´÷vûªç 90% éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ -´÷®Ω’\-©’ ´-î√a®·.) Neeraj: Why just above 60% in most of the papers? Weren't you saying you had done well in all the exams?

(î√-™«-¢√öÀ™x 60] éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ áçü¿’-éÌ-*açC? î√™« ¶«í¬ ®√¨»-†E Åçô’çúË-¢√-úÕN éπü∆?) Suraj: I thought so, but when I saw the marks I understood I had fared badly in them. One can never be sure in these matters, you know? marks

(ØË-†÷ Å™«ØË Å†’-èπ◊Ø√o, îª÷Æœ-†-°æ¤púË ÆæJí¬ ®√ߪ’-™‰-ü¿E Å®Ωn-´’-®·çC. Å®·Ø√ Éô’´çöÀ N≠æ-ߪ÷™x á´®Ω÷ à-D í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ°æp-™‰®Ω’, éπü∆)

Neeraj: What about your performance this time?

(Ñ≤ƒJ ᙫ ®√¨»´¤?/´’J Ñ≤ƒJ Ææçí∫A?) Suraj: I think I fared very well. I am satisfied with my performance.

(¶«í¬ ®√¨»-†ØË Å†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’. Ø√èπ◊ ûª%°œhí¬ØË ÖçC) Neeraj: Well, wish you all the best. How about a movie this evening then?

(≤ƒßª’çvûªç ÆœE-´÷-Èé-∞«l´÷?) Suraj: That's be a real pleasure.

(ã, ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬) Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ ¢√úÕ† expressions í∫´’-EçîªçúÕ. É´Fo èπÿú≈ exams èπÿ, studies èπÿ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*-†¢Ë – OöÀ™ ´’†ç ¢√ú≈-Lq† Ææçü¿®√s¥©’ î√™« áèπ◊\-´í¬ Öçö«®·. 鬕öÀd, Å´-鬨¡ç ´*a-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x ¢√úÕ, practice îËߪ’çúÕ.


Busy with exams
exam nerves
How did you do in the exam?
I did well
What were your marks?
above 60% above 90%
you had done well
I had fared badly
..your performance this time?
a)Busy with exams, busy preparing for exams, busy studying for exams exams exams

Oô-Eo-öÀéà ûÓ ûª©-´·-†-éπ-©’í¬ (BJé𠙉èπ◊çú≈) Å®Ωnç, èπ◊ îªü¿’-´¤ûª÷. Öçúøôç- – ´·êuçí¬

Spoken English

d)

a) How is YSR doing/ faring/ performing as the CM? YSR CM

ÅûªØËç ¶«í¬ ®√ߪ’-™‰-ü¿’ He didn't do well at all.

e)

Åûª†’ paper îÁúÕ-Ê°-¨»úø’ (¶«í¬ ®√ߪ’-ØË-™‰ü¿’ -Å-ØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) He did poorly/ very poorly in the exam. He did badly in the exam. do

É™« ´÷´‚-©’í¬ Å®·ûË ¢√úøû√ç, °æKéπ~ ®√ߪ’ôç ÅØË ¶µ«¢√-EéÀ. ÉüË O’®Ω’ °j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ í∫´’-Eç-îª-´-©-Æœ† Å稡ç. '®√ߪ’ôç— ´*a† îÓô™«x 'do' ü∆E Éûª®Ω ®Ω÷§ƒ©’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’. ÉC ¶«í¬ practice îÁߪ’uçúÕ. Å®·ûË Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’, °æKéπ~ ®√ߪ’ôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ fare èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç. ...I had fared badly... I had done badly

b) The Sri Lankans did/ fared/ performed very M. SURESAN badly/ poorly in the last cricket series. Sri Lankans poor c) Her performance in the movie was disappointing

î√-™«

í¬ Çú≈®Ω’.

Ç *vûªç-™ Ç¢Á’ †ô† E®√¨¡°æJ-*çC. d) He did/ fared/ performed well in the movie

How did you fare in the exam yesterday? I fared well b) Prakash: How did you fare in the exams?

¶«í¬ØË ®√¨»†’ =

(ᙫ ®√¨»´¤?) Akash: Well, I think. I got 97% Prakash: Oh, you didn't fare badly after all. Congrats.

(v•£æ…tçúøç, î√-™« ¶«í¬ØË ®√¨»-´-†o-´÷ô. í∫’®Ω’h ûÁa-éÓçúÕ = not bad = very good) c) Hold the exam any time you like, he is sure to fare well

O’ É≠ædç ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ °ô’d-éÓçúÕ °æKéπ~, ¢√úø’ éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ¶«í¬ ®√≤ƒhúø’. °æKéπ~ °ôdúøç = Hold an exam/ exams -É-C îª÷úøçúÕ: i) what about your performance this time ii) I am satisfied with my performance.

Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’, °æKéπ~ ®√ߪ’ôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ performance èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç. Å®·ûË ÉC é¬Ææh §ƒçúÕûªuç. a) ᙫ ®√¨»®Ω’ E†oöÀ exam? How was your exam yesterday? b) His performance in exams is usually brilliant exams brilliant =

™ ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬ Åûª†’ î√™« ¶«í¬ v°æé¬-¨¡-´ç-ûª-¢Á’i†, é¬çA--´’ç-ûª®√≤ƒhúø’. ¢Á’i† (vG©uçö¸ – 'vG— ØÌéÀ\-°æ-©’-èπ◊û√ç)

e) He is doing very well as a teacher Teacher Do/ fare/ perform 'do' f) I hope to do well in the exam exam expressions. Marks a) What are your marks?/ What marks did you get? What is your score?/ How many marks did you get/ score? b) marks Your score is/ your marks are, not satisfactory. c) With such a low score/ such low marks, you can't get a seat in that college. college seat

í¬ Åûª†’ î√-™« ¶«í¬ îËÆæ’h-Ø√oúø’. – OöÀ™x Åûªuçûª Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬, áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úË-´÷ô,

؈’ ¶«í¬ ®√≤ƒh-†ØË ÇP-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. -É°æ¤p-úø’ -É-çéÌ-Eo O’ àçöÀ?/-áEo?

F

àç ûª%°œh-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ™‰´¤

Åçûª ûªèπ◊\´ ´÷®Ω’\-©ûÓ Fé¬ ®√ü¿’.

™

Meghana: Congrats Sumana, on your high Score in Physics. marks (Physics congrats.) Sumana: You didn't fare badly either. You got just one mark below mine. So my congrats to you. Poor Jamuna! she got below 50%.

™ ´*a†ç-ü¿’èπ◊

Now practise the following in English: Subodh: Hi Pranav, exams

èπ◊ ᙫ prepare Å´¤-ûª’-Ø√o´¤? Pranav: °æK-éπ~-©çõ‰ Ø√Èé-°æ¤púø÷ ¶„ü¿’Í®, Å®·-§Ú-ßË’çûª ´®Ωèπ◊. Subodh: é¬-F FÈé-°æ¤púø÷ ´’ç* marks ´≤ƒh-®·éπü∆? Pranav: Ø√èπ◊ ´’ç* marks ´≤ƒh®·, é¬F Éçé¬ áèπ◊\´ marks ûÁa-éÓ-¢√-©E -Ø√ éÓJéπ. Subodh: á´-J-èπ◊ç-úøü¿’ Ç éÓJéπ? Pranav: O’ class ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ °æK-éπ~-™„-°æ¤púø’? Subodh: E†oØË Å®·-§Ú-ߪ÷®·. Pranav: ᙫ ®√¨»´¤ †’´¤y? Subodh: ¶«í¬ØË ®√¨»†’, é¬F äéπ Chemistry paper ´÷vûª¢Ë’ îÁúø-íÌ-ö«d† ’. N’í∫û√ papers ™ 80 éÀ °jØË-®√-´îª’a. Chemistry ™ ´÷vûªç 60 ü∆é¬- ®√-´îª’a. Pranav: O’ cousin Sucharita ᙫ- ®√-Æ œçC? Subodh: ¶«í¬ØË ®√Æœç-ü¿-†’-èπ◊çö«. -Éçûªèπ◊-´·çü¿’ exams ™ Ç¢Á’ -î √-™« -¶«í¬ ®√Æœç-C. ÅEoöx 100 èπ◊ äéπöÀ, È®çúø’ ´÷®Ω’\©’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ûªèπ◊\´. Pranav: é¬F íÌ°æp performance. Girls, ´’†-éπçõ‰ ¶«í¬ îªü¿’-´¤-û√-®Ω-†’-èπ◊çö«. Subodh: îÁ°æp-™‰ç™‰. Answer:

Åûª†’ Ç *vûªç™ ¶«í¬ †öÀç-î√úø’.

¶«í¬ ®√ߪ’-™‰ü¿’. îÁûªhí¬ ®√¨»†’. a) ᙫ-®√-¨»´¤ E†oöÀ exam?

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

í¬ -á-™« ÖØ√o®Ω’? (Ææ´’-®Ωn-ç-í¬Ø√ é¬ü∆?)

failed the exam/ passed the exam.

ÉO exams èπÿ, marks èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ´÷ô©’:

Fèπ◊ ´’ç*

(Fèπÿ àç ûªèπ◊\´ ®√™‰ü¿’ éπü∆. äéπ\ Mark ´÷vûª¢Ë’ éπü∆ Ø√éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´. Ñ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ -Fèπ◊ -Ø√ -Å-Gµ-†ç-ü¿-†-©’. §ƒ°æç ï´·† – 50-¨»-ûªç éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ ´-î√a®·) (Above - áèπ◊\-´/-£«-aí¬; below=ûªèπ◊\´)

Subodh: Hi Pranav, how are you preparing for the exams? Pranav: I always have/ suffer from exam nerves, until they are over. Subodh: But you always get good marks/ score high. Pranav: I do, but I wish to score even better marks. (Even = Subodh: Who doesn't wish it?/ Who doesn't have the wish? Pranav: When are the exams for your class?/ When are you people taking the exams? Subodh: They were over yesterday./ Yesterday was the last of them. Pranav: How did you do? Subodh: (I) did very well, but I did poorly/ fared badly in chemistry. In the other papers I may get/ score above 80%. In chemistry I may get about 60. Pranav: How did your cousin Sucharita do? Subodh: (I) think she did well. In the earlier exams, however, her performance was very good. In all the papers, she got just one or two marks below 100. Pranav: That's good performance. I suppose girls study better than we, boys. Subodh: We can't say./ Difficult to say.

Éçé¬)

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iII

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

-¨¡-E¢√®Ωç 21 -ï-†-´-J 2006

100

W

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù W (Eïçí¬ îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰ Ø√éÌ-*a† English Ø√Íé ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ™‰ü¿’. Éçûª-éπçõ‰ ¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫-LT, ®√ߪ’-í∫-LTûË Ø√èπ◊ î√™« ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ Öçô’çC. Anand:

ÉçûËé¬èπ◊çú≈ OöÀE question form ™ èπÿú≈, not ûÓ†÷, not ™‰èπ◊ç-ú≈†÷ èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a éπü∆? eg: Am I a doctor? Am I not a teacher? etc.

É™«Íí N’í∫û√ 'be' forms ûÓ áEo sentences, ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, questions èπÿú≈, not ™‰èπ◊çú≈, not ûÓ Å†-í∫-©®Ó îª÷úøçúÕ. Gí∫_-®Ωí¬ O’ friend ûÓØÓ, O’ûÓ cooperate îËÊÆ ¢√∞¡x-ûÓØÓ Å†çúÕ. Questions ™ èπÿú≈, È®çúø’ ®Ω鬩 questions. 1) 'Wh' words (what, when, who, etc.,)ûÓ ´îËaN.

We can be good speakers of English if we have regular practice. (Regular practice English

statements

Öçõ‰ ¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-úË¢√∞¡xç Å´¤û√ç)

Santosh: Yes, we frequently read so in these Spoken English lessons. English lessons

(Ñ ™ ÅüË ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ îª÷Ææ÷hçö«ç/ îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’çö«ç) ÉC 100 ´ lesson éπü∆. Ñ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ for a change (*†o-´÷-®Ω’p-í¬/ -é¬Ææh ûËú≈í¬) ã *†o Language game Çúøü∆ç. °j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù-™ E sentences îª÷úøçúÕ:

eg. Why are you happy? What is your brother? When was he a teacher? 2) 'Wh' words

I am happy today.

(ØËF-®Ó-V ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖØ√o) Santosh: Why?/ Why are you happy?

(áçü¿’èπ◊?) Anand:

Because this is the hundredth lesson in spoken English. You are happy too, aren't you? spoken English 100 lesson

(ÉC ™ ´ 鬕öÀd. Fèπÿ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC, éπü∆?)

Santosh: Ofcourse I am, but I am not satisfied. There's a lot more english to learn.

Anand:

Can he be a leader?

c) Deepti and Divya were my school mates; They were eager to learn English.

I too am anxious to learn more.

e) We can be

´÷

ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√-©E î√™« í¬ ÖçC, ´÷ £æ«®Ω{-

èπÿú≈) Anand:

b) Why are you happy? You are happy too; So is my cousin Harsha; They are fluent.

d) They would be ever ready to...

Santosh: My sister appears very serious about learning more English, and so is my cousin Harsha. ( sister english serious cousin

Deepti and Divya were my school mates. They were eager to learn English. They would be ever ready to read English newspapers and books, speak english, listen to others speak english, and so on. They are fluent in English now. Whenever they had an opportunity, they used to speak English. schoolmates. English English newspaper, books English English

(D°œh, C´u Ø√ ¢√∞¡Ÿx ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√-©E áçûÓ Ç--ûª%-ûª-ûÓ ÖçúË-¢√∞¡Ÿx. á°æ¤púø÷ îªü¿-´ôç, ´÷ö«x´÷ö«x-úË-°æ¤púø’ úøôç, Éûª-®Ω’©’ N†ô癫çöÀN îËߪ’-ö«-E-Èé-°æ¤púø÷ Æœ-ü¿l¥ç. Åçü¿’Íé ¢√∞¡Ÿx É°æ¤púø’ English üµ∆®√-∞¡çí¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫-©®Ω’. Å´-鬨¡ç üÌJ-éÀ-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x English ´÷ö«x-úË-¢√∞¡Ÿx) Santosh: To tell you frankly, I am not at all pleased with my English. I shall be happy if I am able to speak and write better.

Spoken English

´’S} OöÀE

not

ûÓ,

™«çöÀ-N.

eg: Are you not happy?

Were they not students?

™«çöÀN.

(To meet me

– áçü¿’-éπ-ûª†’

happy

ÅØËC -ûÁ-©’°æ¤-

ûª’ç-C éπü∆) b) They were not satisfied with their salaries. (with their salaries

áçü¿’-´©x

– ¢√∞¡x @û√-©ûÓ ÅØËC ¢√∞¡Ÿx ÅØËC ûÁ©’°æ¤-ûª’çC)

not satisfied

c) Will they be pleased if I give them the books? (If I give them the books -

؈’ ¢√∞¡xé¬ °æ¤Ææh-é¬LÊÆh – ÅØËC ¢√∞¡Ÿx ᙫ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-ú≈h-®Ω-ØËC ûÁ©’°æ¤ûª’çC éπü∆) É™« O’®Ω’ 'be' forms ûÓ -´-îËa sentences †’ §ÒúÕ-Tç--èπ◊çô÷ ¢Á∞¡x-´îª’a. Å®·ûË Å®Ωnç ´÷vûªç correct í¬ ´îËaô’x îª÷Ææ’éÓ-´ôç î√-™« ´·êuç. III Ééπ Ñ game ™ ´‚úÓ-¶µ«í∫ç: Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ O’®Ω’ practice îËÆœ† sentences ÅEoç-öÀ™ verb, 'be' form éπü∆. Ñ 'be' form •ü¿’©’ 'action words' áéπ\-úÁ-éπ\úø meanings ´÷®Ω-èπ◊çú≈ ¢√úø-í∫-©®Ó îª÷úøçúÕ, Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù©’:

I am happy today

(Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ¢Ë’, Å®·ûË ûª%°œhí¬ ™‰ü¿’. ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√-Lqç-C -Éçé¬ î√™« ÖçC) (Ø√èπÿ Éçé¬ ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√-©ØË -Ç-ûª%ûªí¬ ÖçC)

™«çöÀ-N.

questions.

eg. Are you happy? Is she your sister?

I a) I am happy; I am not satisfied; I too am anxious to learn more; I am not at all pleased; I am able to speak; I shall be happy. Anand:

™‰E

a) He is happy to meet me

Ñ sentences ™ ´’†ç í∫´’-EçîË N≠æߪ’ç – OöÀ™x verbs ÅFo èπÿú≈ 'be' forms ´÷vûª¢Ë’ éπü∆? îª÷úøçúÕ, Íé-´-©ç 'be' forms ûÓ áçûª Ææ綵«-≠æù ≤ƒTçüÓ? É°æ¤púø’ ´’† game. Ééπ\úÕ sentences ™ 'be' forms (am, is, are, were, shall be, can be, would be, etc,) °æéπ\† Ö†o 'happy' ™«çöÀ ´÷ô© •ü¿’©’ O’®Ω’ ¢√úøí∫LT† ´÷ô-©-Eoç-öÀE ¢√úÕ sentences practice îËߪ’çúÕ. äéπ statements ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈ questions, exclamations èπÿú≈ practice îËߪ’çúÕ. Not, never (á°æ¤púø÷ é¬ü¿’/- ™‰ü¿’) ûÓ èπÿú≈ practice îËߪ’çúÕ. Öü∆-£æ«-®Ωù îª÷úøçúÕ. I am happy- Ééπ\úø Ö†o 'be' form 'am' °æéπ\† Ö†o happy •ü¿’©’, ÆæÈ®j† Å®Ωnç ´îËa-ô’xí¬ O’èπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ† ´÷ô©’ ¢√úøçúÕ. Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊, happy •ü¿’©’, a) sad, sorry, proud, tall, short ™«çöÀ ¶µ«¢√-©†÷ ©éπ~-ù«-©†’ í∫’ù«-©†’ ûÁLÊ° ´÷ô©’ (Å®Ωn-´ç-ûªçí¬) áØÁj oØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a. Éçé¬ b) àüÁjØ√ ´%ûª’h©’, °æ†’©’ ™«çöÀN îËÊÆ¢√∞¡xØË Å®Ωnç ´îËa-ô’xí¬ ÖçúË ´÷ô©÷ ¢√úø-´îª’a éπü∆?–

É™«ç-öÀN áEo senO’®Ω’ ņ-í∫-©®Ó ™„éÀ\ç--éÓçúÕ. áéπ\úø O’®Ω’ questions ¢ËÆæ’èπ◊çõ‰ Åéπ\úø ¢√öÀéÀ Answers èπÿú≈ îÁ°æ¤péÓçúÕ. Éü¿l®Ω’ ´·í∫’_®Ω’ éπLÆœ Ñ game M. SURESAN Çúø’-éÓçúÕ. O’®Ω’ áEo sentences îËߪ’-í∫-L-í¬®Ó îª÷Ææ’-éÓçúÕ. O’Íé Ǩ¡a®Ωuç ¢ËÆæ’hçC. '´’†ç ÉEo sentences ņ-í∫-L-í¬¢Ë’— ÅE. O’ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç éÓÆæç: 'be' forms °æéπ\† ¢√úøí∫LÍí ´÷ô©’ Ñ éÀçC ®Ωé¬-©’í¬ Öçö«®·. 1) í∫’ù«©’, (proud, good, bad, wicked) ûÁ-LÊ° ´÷ô©’. 2) ¶µ«¢√©’ (feelings) ûÁ-LÊ° ´÷ô©’ (happy, sad, tences

jealous, etc). 3)

©éπ~-ù«©’

(tall, short, fat, etc,)

ûÁ-LÊ° ´÷ô©’.

4) Past participle forms (satisfied, pleased, trained) 5)

äéπ ´%ûÓh, °æØÓ îËÊÆ¢√∞¡Ÿ} ÅØË Å®Ωnç-ûÓ ´îËa ´÷ô©’ (Actor, doctor, teacher, cook, lawyer, speaker, etc). Ñ ®Ωéπç ´÷ô©’ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’, singular ´·çü¿®Ω a/ an ®√¢√-©E ´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ countable singular ´·çü¿’ á°æ¤púø÷ 'a/ an' ®√¢√L éπü∆.

6) '-ing' forms (going, singing, walking)

°j ®Ω鬩 ´÷ô-©Fo ¢√úøçúÕ. ¢√öÀéÀ Å®Ωnç O’®Ω-†’-èπ◊†oô’x ÆæJí¬ ´≤ÚhçüÓ, ™‰üÓ îª÷Ææ’-éÓçúÕ. Å°æ¤púø’ O’Íé ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC O’È®çûª English ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫-©®Ó. I am a teacher/ an actor/ a cricketer/ an ´’†ç English ´÷ö«x-úø™‰-´’ØË Å§Ú£æ« Öçúøü¿’. employee/ a landlord/ a doctor, etc. II An extension of the game, Ñ game é¬Ææh ´’Sx OöÀ™x not/ never èπÿú≈ éπL°œ ¢√úø-´îª’a °çîª-´îª’a– Ñ sentences ´’J-éÌEo ´÷ô©’ éπL°œ: éπü∆? eg: He is happy. Ñ sentence †’ É™« I am not happy; I am not a teacher, etc ™«í¬. §ÒúÕ-Tça éπü∆?

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

a) They were all happy.

Ééπ\úø 'be' form 'were' •ü¿’©’ feel ¢√úø-´îª’a éπü∆. Å®·ûË, 'be' form í∫û√Eo ûÁ-LÊ° -´÷ô 鬕öÀd, feel èπ◊ èπÿú≈ í∫û√Eo -ûÁ-LÊ° ´÷õ‰ ¢√ú≈L éπü∆. 鬕öÀd, felt ´Ææ’hçC. Å°æ¤púø’, They all felt happy (They were all happy)

b) She can be here in 10 minutes.

Ééπ\úø 'can be' ÅØË 'be' form -ûÓ ´îËa Å®Ωnç – Ç¢Á’ Ééπ\úø 10 EN’-≥ƒ-©èπ◊ Öçúø-í∫©ü¿’ ÅE éπü∆. Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç Ç¢Á’ Ééπ\-úÕéÀ 10 EN’-≥ƒ-©èπ◊ îË®Ω-í∫-©ü¿’ ÅE – Å°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç îÁ°æp-í∫© sentence ÉüË Å®ΩnçûÓ– She can reach here in ten minutes. c) They shall be here for an hour.

¢√Rx-éπ\úø ã í∫çô-ÊÆ°æ¤ Öçú≈L. ÉüË Å®ΩnçûÓ 'shall be' ÅØË 'be form •ü¿’©’, ´’†ç 'shall stay' ÅEé¬F, shall remain ÅE -é¬-F Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç ´÷®Ωü¿’. Å°æ¤púø’ sentence– They shall stay/ remain here for an hour. d) He could be helpful for us:

Ééπ\úø be form Å®Ωnç– Åûªúø’ ´’†èπ◊ Ææ£æ…-ߪ’-é¬Jí¬ Öçúøí∫-©-úË¢Á÷. Could be ÅØË 'be' form •ü¿’©’ action word ¢√ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ help ¢√úÌa éπü∆. ü∆çûÓ sentence É™« ´÷®Ωa-´îª’aí∫ü∆?– could be

He could help us.

É™« O’®Ω’ áEo sentences îËߪ’-í∫-©®Ó îª÷úøçúÕ Å´-鬨¡ç ´*a-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x. Å´-鬨¡ç ®√éπ-§ÚûË éπLpç--éÌE É™«çöÀ sentences frame îËߪ’çúÕ– ´’J-*-§Ú-éπçúÕ – statements ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, questions (È®çúø’ ®Ω鬩’ – 'wh' questions, non 'wh' questions èπÿú≈), Negatives (not, never) Ææ£æ… practice îËߪ’çúÕ.

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

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