Phd Project

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DISSERTATION MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANT STRESS (ICG608)

MECHANISM OF ROLLING CIRCLE REPLICATION IN GEMINIVIRUSES: ROLE OF REPLICATION ENHANCER (REn/AL3)

KALYAN KUMAR PASUMARTHY Ph.D STUDENT(2004)

GEMINIVIRUS • PLANT PATHOGEN • LEGUMINOUS PLANTS • AGRO-ECONOMIC LOSS

 EFFECTIVE CONTROL MEASURES ARE REQUIRED

GEMINIVIRUS CR : Region common to A& B component containing origin of replication AL1 : Replication initiator AL2 :Transcriptional activator AL3 :Replication enhancer AV1 :Coat protein BL1 :Intercellular movement BR1 :Transport of viral DNA across nuclear envelope

(MUNGBEAN YELLOW MOSAIC INDIA VIRUS) 

BEGOMOVIRUS

•Small genome •Codes essential proteins only •Exploits host cell machinary for its propogation 

GEMINIVIRUS: REPLICATION • Multiplies only in differentiated cells • Replicates by rolling circle replication • Only viral protein known to involve directly in replication is  replication initiator protein (Rep/AL1) •Depends almost on host cellular machinery for elongation of  replication

? 2. How does virus get the replication machinary in a  differentiated cell? 3. What factors induce the host cell to synthesize the proteins  required for virus? 4. What factors direct the host replication machinary to the  work on viral genome?

THUS, PROPER UNDERSTANDING OF GEMINIVIRAL  REPLICATION ENABLES US TO CONTROL ITS  PATHOGENESIS AT THE REPLICATION STEP AND  ALSO LETS US UNDERSTAND THE PLANT  REPLICATION MECHANISM

GEMINIVIRUS: Rolling Circle Replication

Mechanism of Geminiviral Rolling circle replication • Rep initiates RCR by nicking at the origin

T

A A

A T

C G A C T C A C G G G ATCGGTGTACAC//TCGGTGTATCGGTGTCTTA//GCCCATAG 

• Rep religates the newly synthesized ssDNA genome

T

A

T T

A

Replication initiation / Rep nicking site

C C T G A G T G C C C CGCGACCGGTGTATTG 

ITS COLLABORATION AND CO-OPERATION • N-terminal ~120 Amino acids are enough for cutting and ligation and DNA binding • C-terminal ~180 Amino acids determine the ATPase activity • Interacts with various host and viral proteins • forms self-oligomers • Retinoblastoma related proteins • Proliferating cell nuclear antigen • Replication factor C • Ser/Thr kinase • Viral proteins – Coat protein and AL3

AL3 IS THE REPLICATION ENHANCER • AL3 associates with Rep • Viral protein AL3  increases the accumulation of viral  genome • Replication Enhancer • AL3 is an Accessory Protein AL3 association with Rep does not enhance the nicking  or ligating activity of Rep. However,  AL3 increases the  ATPase and Helicase activity of Rep

Mechanism of Geminiviral Rolling circle replication Role of AL3 AL3 interacts with Retinoblastoma Related Proteins •

Releases E2F transcription factor



Host re­enters cell cycle



Synthesizes the required replication machinary that may be  hijacked by viral proteins

AL1/AL3

Mechanism of Geminiviral Rolling circle replication Role of AL3 AL3 interacts with Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen •

PCNA is associated with DNA Pol



This association may localize the DNA Pol at the viral origin



PCNA interaction with Rep down regulates the Rep Activity

AL3 interacts with the NAC domain Transcription factor • AL3 induces the expression of SINAC I  • SINAC 1 is a transcription activator • SINAC I enhances the viral replication • This may activate the genes responsible for replication 

Proposed Model Enhanced genome replication of Geminivirus in the presence  of AL3 is because of the accessory role of AL3 during the  progression of DNA synthesis by increasing the helicase  activity of Rep and bringing other necessary molecules at the  site of replication rather than increase in the mass initiation of  replication by nicking at viral origin

PROPOSED WORK To do exhaustive search for the various AL3 interacting molecules •

Yeast two hybrid analysis



In vitro pull­down assay



Analysis of the interacting

 molecules from the view of viral replication To figure out the AL3 domain(s) interacting with AL1 • N/C­terminal truncations     • Site directed mutagenesis • Evaluate the efficiency of mutated AL3 by assaying the colony  forming ability in yeast and replication efficiency in protoplasts

 Model for Proposed Yeast two hybrid  analysis AL3

cDNA lib  of  French  bean or  A.thaliana

Model for Mutagenesis and Replication Efficiency Assay

Rep/AL1

AL2

REn/AL3

THANK YOU…………

T

A A

T

A

A T

C G A C T C A C G G G ATCGGTGTACAC//TCGGTGTATCGGTGTCTTA//GCCCATAG 

C

T T

A

Replication initiation / Rep nicking site

C T G A G T G C C C CGCGACCGGTGTATTG 

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