DISSERTATION MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANT STRESS (ICG608)
MECHANISM OF ROLLING CIRCLE REPLICATION IN GEMINIVIRUSES: ROLE OF REPLICATION ENHANCER (REn/AL3)
KALYAN KUMAR PASUMARTHY Ph.D STUDENT(2004)
GEMINIVIRUS • PLANT PATHOGEN • LEGUMINOUS PLANTS • AGRO-ECONOMIC LOSS
EFFECTIVE CONTROL MEASURES ARE REQUIRED
GEMINIVIRUS CR : Region common to A& B component containing origin of replication AL1 : Replication initiator AL2 :Transcriptional activator AL3 :Replication enhancer AV1 :Coat protein BL1 :Intercellular movement BR1 :Transport of viral DNA across nuclear envelope
(MUNGBEAN YELLOW MOSAIC INDIA VIRUS)
BEGOMOVIRUS
•Small genome •Codes essential proteins only •Exploits host cell machinary for its propogation
GEMINIVIRUS: REPLICATION • Multiplies only in differentiated cells • Replicates by rolling circle replication • Only viral protein known to involve directly in replication is replication initiator protein (Rep/AL1) •Depends almost on host cellular machinery for elongation of replication
? 2. How does virus get the replication machinary in a differentiated cell? 3. What factors induce the host cell to synthesize the proteins required for virus? 4. What factors direct the host replication machinary to the work on viral genome?
THUS, PROPER UNDERSTANDING OF GEMINIVIRAL REPLICATION ENABLES US TO CONTROL ITS PATHOGENESIS AT THE REPLICATION STEP AND ALSO LETS US UNDERSTAND THE PLANT REPLICATION MECHANISM
GEMINIVIRUS: Rolling Circle Replication
Mechanism of Geminiviral Rolling circle replication • Rep initiates RCR by nicking at the origin
T
A A
A T
C G A C T C A C G G G ATCGGTGTACAC//TCGGTGTATCGGTGTCTTA//GCCCATAG
• Rep religates the newly synthesized ssDNA genome
T
A
T T
A
Replication initiation / Rep nicking site
C C T G A G T G C C C CGCGACCGGTGTATTG
ITS COLLABORATION AND CO-OPERATION • N-terminal ~120 Amino acids are enough for cutting and ligation and DNA binding • C-terminal ~180 Amino acids determine the ATPase activity • Interacts with various host and viral proteins • forms self-oligomers • Retinoblastoma related proteins • Proliferating cell nuclear antigen • Replication factor C • Ser/Thr kinase • Viral proteins – Coat protein and AL3
AL3 IS THE REPLICATION ENHANCER • AL3 associates with Rep • Viral protein AL3 increases the accumulation of viral genome • Replication Enhancer • AL3 is an Accessory Protein AL3 association with Rep does not enhance the nicking or ligating activity of Rep. However, AL3 increases the ATPase and Helicase activity of Rep
Mechanism of Geminiviral Rolling circle replication Role of AL3 AL3 interacts with Retinoblastoma Related Proteins •
Releases E2F transcription factor
•
Host reenters cell cycle
•
Synthesizes the required replication machinary that may be hijacked by viral proteins
AL1/AL3
Mechanism of Geminiviral Rolling circle replication Role of AL3 AL3 interacts with Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen •
PCNA is associated with DNA Pol
•
This association may localize the DNA Pol at the viral origin
•
PCNA interaction with Rep down regulates the Rep Activity
AL3 interacts with the NAC domain Transcription factor • AL3 induces the expression of SINAC I • SINAC 1 is a transcription activator • SINAC I enhances the viral replication • This may activate the genes responsible for replication
Proposed Model Enhanced genome replication of Geminivirus in the presence of AL3 is because of the accessory role of AL3 during the progression of DNA synthesis by increasing the helicase activity of Rep and bringing other necessary molecules at the site of replication rather than increase in the mass initiation of replication by nicking at viral origin
PROPOSED WORK To do exhaustive search for the various AL3 interacting molecules •
Yeast two hybrid analysis
•
In vitro pulldown assay
•
Analysis of the interacting
molecules from the view of viral replication To figure out the AL3 domain(s) interacting with AL1 • N/Cterminal truncations • Site directed mutagenesis • Evaluate the efficiency of mutated AL3 by assaying the colony forming ability in yeast and replication efficiency in protoplasts
Model for Proposed Yeast two hybrid analysis AL3
cDNA lib of French bean or A.thaliana
Model for Mutagenesis and Replication Efficiency Assay
Rep/AL1
AL2
REn/AL3
THANK YOU…………
T
A A
T
A
A T
C G A C T C A C G G G ATCGGTGTACAC//TCGGTGTATCGGTGTCTTA//GCCCATAG
C
T T
A
Replication initiation / Rep nicking site
C T G A G T G C C C CGCGACCGGTGTATTG