Pharynnx & Esophagus

Pharynnx & Esophagus Dr. Md. Kamruzzaman MBBS, FCPS, MS(ENT)

Pharynx 10 cm in length Basiocciput to 6th cervical vertebrae Funnel shaped

Nasopharynx A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N.

Inferior turbinate Choana Nasopharyngeal tonsil Salpingopalatine fold Tubal elevation Auditory tube opening Tubal tonsil Pharyngeal recess Soft palate Palatoglossal fold Palatine tonsil Lingual tonsil Palatopharyngeal fold Salpingopharyngeal fold

Oropharynx Second and third cervical vertebrae Palatine tonsil Ant faucial pillar Post faucial pillar Supratonsillar fossa

Laryngopharynx  Third,

fourth, fifth & sixth cervical vertebrae  Pyriform fossa  Ary-epiglottic

fold  Thyroid cartilage  Valleculae

Structure of pharynx 1.

Mucus membrane    

2. 3. 4.

Ciliated columnar epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium Transitional epithelium Subepithelial lymphoid tissue

Pharyngeal aponeurosis Muscular coat Buccopharyngeal fascia

External Sup constrictor Middle constrictor Inf constrictor Internal Stylopharyngeaus Salpingopharyngeus palatopharyngeus

Swallowing Food is carried to the stomach after mastication by an orderly sequence of Coordinated movements of the muscles of the mouth, pharynx & esophagus. 1. Oral stage 2. Pharyngeal stage 3. Oesophageal stage

oesophagus The oesophagus is a muscular tube 25 cm long in the adult. It extends from from the lower border of the cricoid cartilage above at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra, to the cardiac orifice of the stomach below, at the level of the eleventh thoracic vertebra.

 

Direction Constrictions   



15 cm from UIT 25 cm from UIT 40 cm from UIT

Structure   

Mucous Submucous Muscular  



Internal circular External longitudinal

Fibrous

Relations Cervical part Behind –vertebral column On each side- carotid sheath and its contents, thyroid gland, RLN Thoracic part In front- trachea, Lt main bronchus, pericardium diaphragm Behind-vertebral column, thoracic duct, azygos veins, hemiazygos vein, thoracic aorta On Lt side- aortic arch, Lt subclavian artery, thoracic duct On Rt side- Rt pleura, azygos vein, vagus nerve

Thank You