Pharmacology General Principles Part 1

Common endings to official names which indicate the pharmacologic classification of a drug

The easy

Typical capillaries Large fenestrations allow drugs to exchange freely between blood and interstitial fluid in most regions of the body.

Slit junctions

Basement membrane

Structure of brain capilary Astrocyte foot processes Basement membrane

Brain endothelial cell

A tight junctions two adjoining cells merge, so that cells are physically joined and form a continuous wall that prevents many substances from entering the brain.

Tight junction

Permeability of brain capillary

Charged drug Lipid-soluble drugs Carrier-mediated transport

Flavoprotein (reduced)

Flavoprotein (oxidized)

2

e- from NADPH and cytochorome P-450 reductase or NADH and cytochrome bs reductase

efrom NADPH and cytochome P-450 reductase

Blood

Free drug enters glomerular filtrate

Active secretion

Proximal tubule

Loop of Henle

Passive reabsorption of lipid-soluble, un-ionized Distal tubule drug which has been concentrated Collecting duct so that the intea-luminal concentration is greater than that in the perivascular space. Lonized, lipidinsoluble drug into urine

Bioavailability (F) - measure of the fraction of the dose given that reaches systemic circulation. By definition intravascular doses have F= 1.

bioequivalence For bioequivalence to exist between 2 compounds, they must have a) the same bioavailability b) the same rate of absorption

Abbreviation

Definition

A push-button physician does not understand how a drug works and thus ignores an opportunity to individualize therapy for each patient. A curious and thoughtful physician wilI use such understanding to build a rational framework for optimal and individualized use of drugs. Appreciation of pharmacodynamics, coupled with knowledge of normal and pathological function, permits wise choices for specific situations, to say nothing of the satisfaction that comes from best practice.

3.- Amplification: The production of a measurable effect.

Drug regulation for new drugs Clinical trial terminology

Detecting adverse drug reactions Alphabetic classification of types of adverse drug effects.

Some important type B (bizarre) reactions