Pharmaceutics Lab Exam Ii Conceptual Material

Pharmaceutics Lab Exam II Conceptual Material • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

The concentration of insulin in units/mL is 100 units/mL The HEP-LOCK is used for IV flush A solution of epinephrine should be inspected for color and precipitation (color cannot be pinkish/no precipitate may be formed) Flashback is a return of blood into the syringe caused by withdrawing the plunger prior to injection Thrombus is a blood clot formed within a blood vessel Z-track is a method of injection used to prevent infiltration of medication into the subcutaneous tissue to prevent “staining” ______ are the most common means of parenteral contamination Pyrogens are fever producing substances from microbial contamination of a parenteral solution A bolus injection is given all at once into a vein or through the injection site of an administration set IV injections offer the best route of administration for irritating drugs If crystals form in a vial of Mannitol, heating the vial to 80 DEGREES C makes it usable To prevent backwash contamination all work must be done at least 6 inches in the hood Allergy injections and TB tests are usually given ID A needle gauge of 23 is SMALLER in diameter than a 16 gauge needle Benzyl alcohol is a preservative that can’t be metabolized in a newborn’s liver A vertical laminar flow hood protects the preparer from contamination A heparin flush is used to maintain the patency of a vein A pharmacy package that contains more than one dose is called a bulk package Sterile water for injection CANNOT be directly infused into patients DO NOT SWAB NEEDLES WITH ALCOHOL HEPA stands for High Efficiency Particulate Air A variation of the vertical laminar flow hood where the air flow is contained within the hood is the biological safety cabinet A piece of rubber carved out of the stopper of a vial as a needle passes through it is called the CORE The part of the needle that attaches to the syringe that may be color coded and never touched is called the hub On a syringe, the threaded part of attachment for the needle is called the Leur-Lock The main hazard for IV infusion is thrombosis formation NOTHING is used to clean the HEPA filter Normal Blood Plasma Contains: 154 mEq of cations 154 mEq of anions The mEq is a unit of measure of the chemical activity of an electrolyte.

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The chemical combining power depends not only on the number of electrolytes in solution, but also on the total number of ionic charges.

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An electrolyte with a charge of +2 has twice the combining power of an electrolyte with a charge of +1. Leaking of IV fluid from a blood vessel into the tissues is called EXTRAVASTATION The slant of the shaft tip of the needle is called the BEVEL The portion of the syringe that passes into the barrel is called the PLUNGER When combining Regular Insulin and NPH Insulin in a syringe, REGULAR IS FIRST, NPH IS SECOND A heparin solution is only stable for 96 HOURS at room temperature The minimum concentration is 10 units while the max. is 40,000 units; it is important to make sure you are using the right dose for a specific patient’s needs Humulin 70/30 has a cloudy appearance while Humulin N and R are clear DO NOT FREEZE OR HEAT INSULIN It is important to ROLL Humulin N or 70/30 before drawing a dose to GET RID OF PARTICLES Insulin contains preservatives to maintain stability A 2 gram Lidocaine syringe is NOT FOR BOLUS INJECTION KCL injection has a caution printed on the front of the label and under the NDC of MUST BE DILUTED An solution of epinephrine in isotonic NaCl must be given SQ or IM Bacteriostatic water and bacteriostatic NaCl cannot be used in newborns (benzyl alcohol present) Be sure to look over the valence chart on p. 174 of the Pharm Calc book

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Ion Aluminum Ammonium Calcium Ferric Ferrous Lithium Magnesium Potassium Sodium Acetate Bicarbonate Carbonate Chloride Citrate Gluconate Lactate Phosphate

Formula Al+++ NH4+ Ca++ Fe+++ Fe++ Li+ Mg++ K+ Na+ C2H3O2HCO3CO3ClC6H5O7--C6H11O7C3H5O3H2PO4-1

Valence 3 1 2 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 1

Trends: 3-Aluminum, Ferric, Citrate 2-Calcium, Ferrous, Magnesium, Carbonate, Phosphate, Sulfate 1-Ammonium, Lithium, Potassium, Sodium, Acetate, Bicarbonate, Chloride, Gluconate, Lactate, Phosphate

Sulfate

HPO4-SO4--

2 2