Pharmaceutics Exam 3--this Semester

Pharmaceutics Exam 3 1. Most microemulsions are a. coarse dispersions b. colloidal dispersios c. molecuar dispersions d. molecular solutions e. real solutions 2. The following statements are true, EXCEPT: a. microemulsion may be used to enhance the coagulation of the drugs b. microemulsion may be used to increase the solubility of drugs c. microemulsion may be prepared for drug targeting therapy d. microemulsion may form spontaneously by simple agitation e. microemulsion may be used to increase efficiency of drug absorption 3. To optimize drug delivery, the following characteristics of a ophthalmic drug product are preferred, EXCEPT a. good corneal penetration b. shortened contact time with corneal epithelium c. simplicity of administration d. non-irritate and comfortable form e. appropriate rheologic properties 4. The following concentration of antimicrobial preservatives are proper for ophthalmic products, EXCEPT; a. phenylmercuric nitrate 0.5% b. thermosal: 0.01% c. benzalkoium chloride 0.01% d. benzethonium chloride: 0.01% e. chlorobutanol 0.5% 5. The following excipients are routinely used in ophthalmic preparations, EXCEPT a. antioxidants b. buffering agents c. propellants d. thickening agents e. stabilizers 6. The following are the requirement for ophthalmic ointments, EXCEPT: a. use low density polyethylene container with built-in dropper as the containers b. sterile c. free of grit d. Requiring preservatives e. Soften at body temperature

7. The following methods will increase the corneal drug absorption, EXCEPT a. repeat administration of an ophthalmic solution b. increase the viscosity of an ophthalmic solution c. increase the particle size in an ophthalmic suspension d. Hold eyes closed after instilling an ophthalmic solution e. apply gentle pressure under the inner corner of the eye by the nose after instilling an ophthalmic solution 8. The following components exist in the cornea, EXCEPT: a. blood vessel b. stroma c. epithelium d. water e. endothelium 9. The precorneal liquid film is consisted of three-sub-layer structure, which includes a. a thin oily layer as the outer layer b. a thicker tear fluid as the outer layer c. a mucus layer as the oute rlayer d. corneal endothelium as the outer layer e. corneal epithelium as the outer layer 10. Which of the following is correct? a. normal ophthalmic physiological pH is about 7.4 b. normal ophthalmic physiological pH is about 5.5 c. normal nasal physiological pH is about 8 d. normal nasal physiological pH is about 9.5 11. The following agnets have been used to soften and/or remove cerumen, EXCEPT a. light mineral oil b. vegetable oil c. acetic acid aqueous solution d. hydrogen peroxide e. carbamide peroxide 12. The following are proper ways to instill otic solutions, EXCEPT: a. warm the drops in hands b. avoid touching the ear dropper to the ear c. Use cotton swap to thoroughly clean the auditory canal d. hold the earlobe upward and backward for adults e. Hold the earlobe downward and backward for children of age youner than three years old 13. Which of the following solvent should be avoided to prepare otic solutions? a. isopropanol b. water c. glycerin

d. ethanol e. propylene glycol 14. Which one of the following ingredients of Murine Eardrop has the same purpose as sodium laurolyl sarcosinate in Debrox eardrop? a. carbamide peroxide b. Glycerin c. Polysorbate 20 d. ethanol e. Tartaric acid 15. The following propeties make lung an attractive systemic drug delivery site, EXCEPT: a. the large respiratory surface area b. the thin air-blood barrier at the respiratory region c. the abundance of blood vessel capillaries d. the alveolar macrophages that engulf particles e. high permeability for macromolecules 16. The following statements are true, EXCEPT: a. pulmonary drugs are all delivered as aerosols b. Hygroscopic property of the particle is important for pulmonary drug delivery c. particle size is critical for particles to penetrate the conduction tract and reach the different respiratory regions d. Breath-holding reduce the particle deposition in lung e. the slower the inhalation flow rate, the less the particle deposition by impact in the lung 17. The metered dose inhaler (MDI) add-on spacers are designed for the following purposes, EXCEPT: a. improve inhalation efficiency b. reduce initial droplet velocity c. decrease contamination possibility d. permit efficient propellant evaporation e. eliminate the need of inhalation/actuation coordination 18. A metered-dose inhaler has the following components, EXCEPT: a. actuator b. mouth piece c. metering valve d. Piezoelectric crystal e. pressurized container 19. The following products are dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, EXCEPT a. Alupent b. Advair Diskus c. Exubera d. Spinhaler

e. Turbohaler 20. Which of the following equations is used to calculate the partial pressure for aerosol formation? a. Arrhenius equation b. Henderson-hasselbach equation c. Stoke’s Law equation d. Raoults law equation e. Fick’s law equation 21. Which of the following is/are the dispersion vehicle(s) used to deliver the drug to lung? a. Air b. Propellant droplets c. Sterile Water for Inhalation, USP d. Lactose powder as carrier particles e. All of the above 22. Which of the following sites is the most suitable one for systemic drug delivery? a. conjunctival sacs b. alveolar sacs c. trachea cavity d. Bronchi cavity e. otic canal 23. The carrier particles in dry powder inhaler (DPI) products is to a. Mask the bitterness of drug compounds b. make the inhaler more portable c. improve the flow properties d. decrease the volume of the dosage form e. none of the above 24. Which of the following inhalation device needs to be shaken well before administration? a. DPI b. MDI c. jet nebulizer d. Ultrasonic nebulizer e. inhalant 25. Below are some components of an aerosol formula. All of them are propellants, EXCEPT a. Dichlorodifluoromethane b. Dichlorotetrafluoroethane c. Difluoroethane d. Trichloromonofluoromethane e. Sorbitan trioleate

26. Imagine your are developing an aerosol drug formulation to deliver drugs into conducting airways. Which particle size is proper to choose? a. 15 um b. 5 um c. 1 um d. 0.2 um e. 0.1 um 27. Changing pH of a nasal preparation may affect the drug abosprion through the following mechanisms, EXCEPT: a. change drug ionization b. change mucus layer properties c. change cilia movement pattern d. change epithelial cell structure e. change the particle size in a suspension 28. Which of the following is the possible mechanism for direct drug deliver from nasal mucosa to central nervous system? a. drug absorption to central nervous system may be enhanced by cytochrome P450 b. drug may pass through the olfactory neurons located in olfactory bulb c. drug may be transported to central nervous system by mucociliary movements d. drug may be absorbed to central nervous system when sneezing e. none of the above 29. The following are the ideal characteristics of a drug molecule for nasal drug deliveyr to systemic circulation, EXCEPT: a. high aqueous solubility b. non-irritating c. no offensive odor d. stable e. being chronically-administered 30. Why can propylhexedrine be developed as an inhalant dosage form? a. because its vapor pressure is high b. because its solubility in water is high c. because its particle size is small d. because of its non-flammable property e. because of its bitterness 31. The followings are proper to store Amyl Nitrate Inhalant, EXCEPT: a. avoid light b. avoid children’s reach c. store at dry place d. store at room temperature e. all of the above are proper

32. Which kind of the following excipients is to prevent mucosal drying and minimize irritation? a. antimicrobial preservatives b. antioxidants c. buffers d. humectants e. absorption enhancers 33. According to listed properties below, which one of the following drugs is the best candidate for systemic abosprion via nasal administration/? a. Drug A: Molecular weight = 250, 30 ug/dose, hydrophobic b. Drug B: Molecular weight = 2500, 30 ug/dose, hydrophilic c. Drug C: Molecular weight = 2500, 30 ug/dose, hydrophobic d. Drug D: Molecular weight = 250, 300 mg/dose, hydrophobic e. Drug E: Molecular weight = 2500, 300 mg/dose, hydrophilic 34. In the nasal cavity, which one of the following is the major mechanism of particle deposition? a. impact b. gravitational sedimentation c. Brownian diffusion d. Mucociliary clearance e. None of the above 35. The diffusion coefficient, D, of a new pilocarpine derivatives in ocular fluid is 9.2 x 10-9 cm2/sec. The total surface area, A, of an Ocusert is 0.80 cm2. The partition coefficient, K, between the fluids of the Ocusert and the eye is 1.83, and the thickness of Ocusert ratecontrolling membrane, h, is 0.01 cm. The solubility of the drug in water, C, is 8 mg/cm3. Calculate the cumulative amount of pilocarpine released from this Ocusert in mg/24 hr ANS: 0.93 mg