Personality Disorders

Psychology Prersentation Group members Adil Shahzad Arslan Dost Aziza Shaheen Ikramullah Khan Muneera Johar

Objectives • At the end of our presentation learners will be able to – Define personality disorders –

Personality • Personality refers to a distinctive set of traits, behavior styles, and patterns that make up our character or individuality. or • Personality is made up of the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique

Cont…. • People with healthy personalities are able to cope with normal stresses and have no trouble forming relationships with family, friends, and coworkers.

Components of Personality • Consistency - There is generally a recognizable order and regularity to behaviors. Essentially, people act in the same ways or similar ways in a variety of situations. • Psychological and physiological - Personality is a psychological construct, but research suggests that it is also influenced by biological processes and needs.

Cont…. • Impact behaviors and actions - Personality does not just influence how we move and respond in our environment; it also causes us to act in certain ways. • Multiple expressions Personality is displayed in more than just behavior. It can also be seen in out thoughts, feelings, close relationships, and other social interactions.

Personality disorders • Is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that differs markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture, is persistent and inflexible.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)

Types General characteristics of PD’s Cluster A Disorders Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal

Cluster B Disorders Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic

Cluster C Disorders Avoidant, Obsessive-Compulsive, Dependent

CLUSTER A

• Paranoid • Schizoid odd, eccentric • Schizotypal

• Histrionic CLUSTER B dramatic, erratic • Narcissistic • Borderline • Antisocial CUSTER C

fearful

• Avoidant • Dependent • Obsessive/Compulsive

Types • • • • • •

Antisocial Personality Obsessive compulsive disorders Dependent Personality Histrionic Personality Disorder Paranoia and Paranoid Disorders Schizoid Personality Disorder

Antisocial Personality Antisocial Personality Disorder is a condition characterized by persistent disregard for and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood.

Antisocial Personality Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest

Antisocial Personality A common misconception is that antisocial personality disorder refers to people who have poor social skills.Instead, antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a lack of conscience. People with this disorder are prone to criminal behavior, believing that their victims are weak and deserving of being taken advantage of. Antisocials tend to lie

Characteristics • Lack of remorse for harm done to others • Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assault • Dishonesty, as indicated by repeatedly lying • Consistent irresponsibility for safety of self or others • Disregard for the feelings of others • Lying, stealing, other criminal behaviors • Disregard for the safety of self and others

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder •

People with OCD experience both obsessions and compulsions. – Obsessions are unwanted and disturbing thoughts, images, or impulses that suddenly burst into the mind and cause anxiety or distress – Compulsions are deliberate behaviors (e.g. washing, checking, ordering) or mental acts (e.g. praying, counting, repeating phrases) that are carried out to reduce the anxiety caused by the obsessions.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder While Obsessive-Compulsive personality disorder (OCDP) sounds similar in name to obsessive-compulsive anxiety disorder, the two are markedly different disorders.They avoid working in teams, believing others to be too careless or incompetent. They avoid making decisions because they fear making mistakes and are rarely generous with their time or money. They often have difficulty expressing emotion.

Obsessive Behaviors – Fear of being contaminated by germs or dirt or contaminating others – Fear of causing harm to yourself or others – Intrusive sexually explicit or violent thoughts and images – Excessive focus on religious or moral ideas – Fear of losing or not having things you might need – Order and symmetry: the idea that everything must line up “just right.” – Superstitions; excessive attention to something considered lucky or unlucky

Compulsive Behaviors – Excessive double-checking of things, such as locks, appliances, and switches. – Repeatedly checking in on loved ones to make sure they’re safe. – Counting, tapping, repeating certain words, or doing other senseless things to reduce anxiety. – Spending a lot of time washing or cleaning. – Ordering, evening out, or arranging things “just so.” – Praying excessively or engaging in rituals triggered by religious fear. – Accumulating “junk” such as old newspapers, magazines, and empty food containers, or other things you don’t have a use for.

PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER • Paranoid Personality Disorder is a condition characterized by excessive distrust and suspiciousness of others. – People with PPD do not trust other people – core symptom of PPD is a generalized distrust of other people.

Characteristics – Social isolation – Avoid normal social interactions – Aggressiveness and hostility – Little or no sense of humor – Feeling of insecurity – Suspiciousness and distrust of others – Questioning hidden motives in others

Characteristics • Unwillingness to forgive perceived insults • Excessive sensitivity to setbacks • Projection of blame onto others • Consumed by anticipation of betrayal

Dependant Personality Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive need to be taken care of or depend upon others. Persons with this disorder are typically submissive and display clinging behavior toward those from whom they fear being separated

Dependant Personality Dependent personality disorder is characterized by a need to be taken care of. People with this disorder tend to cling to people and fear losing them. They may become suicidal when a break-up is imminent. They tend to let others make important decisions for them and often jump from relationship to relationship. Dependents often remain in abusive relationships. Oversensitivity to disapproval is common. Dependents often feel helpless and depressed

Characteristics – Difficulty making decisions – Feelings of helplessness when alone – Suicidal thoughts upon rejection – Deeply hurt by mild criticism or disapproval – Unable to meet ordinary demands of life

Characteristics – Submissiveness – Constant approval-seeking – Fear of abandonment – Hypersensitivity to criticism – Constant need for reassurance – Intolerance of being alone – Excessive agreeableness – Inability to take initiative

Histrionic Personality Disorder Histrionic Personality Disorder is a condition characterized by excessive emotionality and attention-seeking. This disorder is only diagnosed when these behaviors become persistent and very disabling or distressing.

Histrionic Personality Disorders People with histrionic personality disorder are constant attention seekers. They need to be the center of attention all the time, often interrupting others in order to dominate the conversation. They use grandiose language to discribe everyday events and seek constant praise. They may dress provacatively or exaggerate illnesses in order to gain attention. Histrionics also tend to exaggerate friendships and relationships, believing that everyone loves them. They are often manipulative.

Characteristics – Individuals with HPD are highly emotional, charming, energetic, manipulative, seductive, impulsive, erratic, and demanding.

Characteristics – Center of attention: Patients with HPD experience discomfort when they are not the center of attention. – Sexually seductive: Patients with HPD displays inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behaviors towards others. – Shifting emotions: The expression of emotions of patients with HPD tends to be shallow and to shift rapidly. – Physical appearance: Individuals with HPD consistently employ physical appearance to gain attention for themselves. – Speech style: The speech style of patients with HPD lacks detail.

Characteristics – Individuals with HPD tend to generalize, and when these individuals speak, they aim to please and impress. – Dramatic behaviors: Patients with HPD display self-dramatization and exaggerate their emotions. – Suggestibility: Other individuals or circumstances can easily influence patients with HPD. – Overestimation of intimacy: Patients with HPD overestimate the level of intimacy in a relationship.

Schizoid Personality Schizoid Personality Disorder is a condition characterized by excessive detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings. This disorder is only diagnosed when these behaviors become persistent and very disabling or distressing

Characteristics – Weak interpersonal skills – Difficulty expressing anger, even when provoked – "Loner" mentality; avoidance of social situations – Appear to others as remote, aloof, and unengaged – Low sexual desire – Unresponsive to praise or criticism

Schizotypal personality Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by an ongoing pattern in which the affected person distances himor herself from social and interpersonal relationships. Affected people typically have an acute discomfort when put in circumstances where they must relate to others. These individuals are also prone to cognitive and perceptual distortions and a display a variety of eccentric behaviors that others often find confusing

Schizotypal Personality Disorders Many believe that schizotypal personality disorder represents mild schizophrenia. The disorder is characterized by odd forms of thinking and perceiving, and individuals with this disorder often seek isolation from others. They sometimes believe to have extra sensory ability or that unrelated events relate to them in some important way. They generally engage in eccentric behavior and have difficulty concentrating for long periods of time. Their speech is often over elaborate and difficult to follow.

Characteristics – Odd or eccentric mannerisms or appearance – Odd thinking – Unusual perceptual experiences – Superstitious or preoccupied with paranormal phenomena – Difficult to follow speech patterns – Feelings of anxiety in social situations – Suspiciousness and paranoia – Odd beliefs or magical thinking – Appears shy, aloof, or withdrawn to others

References – – – – –

http://www.mentalhealth.com/dis/p20-p http://www.4degreez.com/disorder/anti http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/antis http://www.ptypes.com/antisocialpd.htm http://www.minddisorders.com/Del -Fi/Dependent-personalitydisorder.html