Perfectul Prezent Simplu.docx

Perfectul Prezent Simplu ( Present Perfect ) In lectia aceasta vom vedea cum se formeaza si cand se intrebuinteaza Perfectul Prezent al unui verb. A. FORMARE Perfectul Prezent se formeaza cu auxiliarul to have( have, has ) urmat de participiul trecut al verbului de conjugat. ( Nu uitati: la un verb regulat, participiul trecut se formeaza prin adaugarea terminatiei -ed; la verbele neregulate, el reprezinta a treia forma de baza.) 1. Forma afirmativa: I have arrived You have arrived He has arrived We have arrived You have arrived They have arrived 2. Forma interogativa : Have I arrived ? Have you arrived ? Has he arrived ? Has she arrived ? Have we arrived ? Have you arrived ? Have they arrived ? 3. Forma negativa : I have not arrived You have not arrived He has not arrived She has not arrived We have not arrived You have not arrived They have not arrived 4. Forma interogativ-negativa Have I not arrived ? Have you not arrived ? Has he not arrived ? Has she not arrived ? Have we not arrived ?

Have you not arrived ? Have they not arrived ? IMPORTANT !!! Perfectul Prezent se foloseste cel mai adesea atunci cand dorim sa scoatem in evidenta un efectpe care il are in prezent o actiune desfasurata in trecut. Ex: I have eaten = Am mancat (deci nu mai imi este foame). Somebody has stolen my pen = Cineva mi-a furat stiloul (asadar nu mai am cu ce scrie) B. INTREBUINTARE (cand folosim acest aspect al Prezentului in vorbire) 1.Perfectul Prezent descrie o actiune trecuta, ale carei efecte se fac inca simtite in prezent I have sold my car. Eu mi-am mandut masina(efect=trebuie sa merg la slujba cu autobuzul) He has read that book. El a citit acea carte (efect=ii cunoaste continutul) 2. Perfectul Prezent se foloseste impreuna cu indicatori temporali nedefiniti, cum ar fi: ever, never, before, yet, already, dar niciodata cu indicatori temporali definiti, precum yesterday, last week, a month ago. She has never seen such a car. Ea niciodata nu a vazut o asemenea masina. I have already solved that problem. Eu deja am rezolvat acea problema. 3. Perfectul Prezent se foloseste pentru a descrie o actiune care a inceput in trecut si se continua si in momentul vorbirii(aceeasi parte a zilei, aceeasi zi, acelasi an, etc). We haven't eaten today yet. Azi inca nu am mancat. 4. Folosit impreuna cu just acest timp descrie ceea ce s-a intamplat de curand. In romana acest lucru se exprima cu perfectul compus si adverbul tocmai. They have just got married. Ei tocmai s-au casatorit. We have just arrived. Noi tocmai ce am sosit. 5. Perfectul Prezent descrie o actiune inceputa in trecut si care se prelungeste in prezent. In acest caz, se traduce cu prezentul: How long have they been here? De cand sunt ei aici? She has been here for three days. Ea se afla aici de trei zile. 6. Perfectul Prezent simplu se foloseste cu expresiile: This is the first time... si It's (a long time) since... This is the first time I have been in a cave. E prima data cand ma aflu intr-o pestera. It's a long time since you have visited me. De mult nu ai mai fost in vizita la mine.

Perfectul Prezent Continuu ( Present Perfect Continuous) In lectia aceasta vom vedea cum se formeaza si cand se intrebuinteaza Perfectul Prezent Continuu al unui verb. A. FORMARE Perfectul Prezent Continuu se formeaza cu auxiliarul to have( have, has ) urmat de aspectul continuu al participiului trecut al verbului de conjugat. (participiul trecut simplu: worked, cleaned; participiul trecut continuu: been working, been cleaning.) 1. Forma afirmativa: I have been walking You have been walking He has been walking We have been walking You have been walking They have been walking 2. Forma interogativa : Have I been walking ? Have you been walking ? Has he been walking ? Has she been walking ? Have we been walking ? Have you been walking ? Have they been walking ? 3. Forma negativa : I have not been walking You have not been walking He has not been walking She has not been walking We have not been walking You have not been walking They have not been walking 4. Forma interogativ-negativa Have I not been walking ? Have you not been walking ? Has he not been walking ? Has she not been walking ? Have we not been walking ?

Have you not been walking ? Have they not been walking ? B. INTREBUINTARE (cand folosim acest aspect al Prezentului in vorbire) Perfectul Prezent continuu se foloseste aproximativ in aceleasi situatii ca si Prezentul Perfect simplu. Totusi, accentueaza ideea de continuare in prezent a actiunii descrise: He has read that book. A citit acea carte. ( Deja cunoaste continutul) He has been reading that book for three hours. Citeste cartea aceea de trei ore. (si inca n-a terminat-o)