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Definition & concept of health 1.

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Definition of health • The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WHO, 1947). Concept Of Health • An understanding of health is the basis of all the health care. • Health is not perceived the same way by all the members of a community including various professional groups (like biomedical scientists, social scientists, health administrators, ecologists) giving rise to confusion about the concept of health. • Health has evolved over the centuries from the concept of individual concern to a worldwide social goal. • The various changing concepts of health as follows: 1. Biomedical concept 2. Ecological concept 3. Psychosocial concept 4. Holistic concept 1. Biomedical concept • Traditionally health has been considered as an absence of the diseases and if someone was free from disease, then that person was considered healthy. • This concept is known as biomedical concept, and it is based on the “germ theory of the disease.” • Health means “absence of disease.” • The medical profession viewed the human body as a machine and disease is an outcome of the breakdown of the machine, and one of the doctor’s tasks was to repair the machine. • This concept has minimized the role of the environment, social and cultural determinants of the health. • Developments in medical and social sciences led to the conclusion that the biomedical concept of health was inadequate 2. Ecological Concept • Deficiencies in the biomedical concept gave rise to other concepts. • The ecologists put forward the concept of ecological concept. • Ecologists viewed health as a dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment, and the disease as a maladjustment of the human organism to environment. 3. Psychosocial Concept •Advances in social sciences showed that health is not only a biomedical phenomenon, but one which is influenced by social, psychological, cultural, economic and political factors of the people concerned. •These factors must be taken into consideration in defining and measuring health. •Thus health is both a biological and social phenomenon . 4. Holistic Concept • The holistic model is a synthesis of all the above concepts. •Holistic concept recognizes the strength of social, economic, political and environmental influences on health. •It has been variously described as multidimensional process involving the wellbeing of the person as a whole. •The emphasis is on the promotion and protection of health. • The holistic approach implies that all sectors of the society have an effect on health, in particular, agriculture, animal husbandry, food, industry, education, housing, public works and other sectors.

3 Physical Fitness Physical fitness is the ability to meet all the ordinary demands of life without becoming tired and to respond to extra demands when necessary

4 Types of Fitness Health fitness Motor-performance fitness Important for prevention and remediation of disease and illness Motor-performance fitness Important in sport performance and job performance Wellness is about achieving a high quality of life and a continuing sense of physical and psychological well-being 5 Components of Health Fitness Body composition Cardiovascular endurance Flexibility Muscular endurance Strength

Fitness Concepts Physical Activity  

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How physically active are you? Physical activity: any movement that requires your large muscle groups to work o Includes actions such as walking briskly around the mall or doing household chores o Should spend 45-60 minutes or more each day performing some form of physical activity Physical Benefits o Can pump more blood with less effort, reduces blood pressure and lowers cholesterol levels o Helps develop muscles o Weight Maintenance Increases metabolic rate: the amount of energy your body uses when you are at rest Mental Benefits o Improves mood  Endorphins are released  Endorphins: feel good hormones that reduce the sensation of pain o Cope better with stress and anxiety o Increases your energy level Studies show that regular physical activity also improves academic achievement

Health Related Fitness 

Health Related Fitness: A portion of physical fitness which focuses on improving health and well being

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Include 5 components o Cardiovascular Endurance o Muscular Strength o Muscular Endurance o Flexibility o Body Composition

Cardiovascular Endurance  

Physical activity that can be performed for extended periods and uses major muscle groups. o Strengthens the heart o Improves the body's ability to deliver oxygen to the muscles. Examples: running, swimming, bicycling, dancing, brisk walking or rowing

Muscular Strength     

The ability of a muscle to produce force Done with a heavier weight Can include dumbbells, barbells, resistance bands, machines, cables, medicine balls or your own body Benefits o Increases strength o Increases muscle size Example: the amount of weight you can lift, 2-3 reps

Muscular Endurance    

The ability of your muscles to work for extended time Requires repeated actions over an extended period of time such as raking leaves, rowing or walking Done with a much lighter weight Benefits o Improve posture and prevent injury o Example: how long you can hold a barbell or how many time you can lift it

Flexibility  

The ability to move a joint through it’s complete range of motion Benefits o Can improve performance o Reduce risk of injury o Make your daily activities easier and more enjoyable

Types of Stretches 

2 Main Types of Stretches o Static Stretching: muscle to be stretching is slowly put into position o Dynamic Stretching: stretching in motion. Most effective stretching at reducing muscle stiffness

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Example: arm circles, butt kicks, knee hug, walking lunges

Types of Physical Activity 

Aerobic Exercise: o The word aerobic means with oxygen, aerobic activities require continuous oxygen to the large muscle groups. o Increase heart rate and use large muscles in a steady and continuous motion o Aerobic exercise strengthens the heart enabling a person to carry more blood throughout the body with one pump than it did before. o Examples: swimming, walking, or jogging to team sports such as basketball and soccer

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Anaerobic Exercise: o The word anaerobic means without oxygen, and does not require continuous oxygen to the muscles. o Anaerobic are done at high intensity levels for short periods of time. o Since no oxygen is getting to your muscles and it’s at such a high intensity frequent rests are needed to catch your breath! o Examples:

Sport Related Fitness  

The portion of physical fitness that focuses on optimizing athletic performance Includes all components of health related fitness but also includes 6 other components o Speed, reaction time, agility, balance, coordination, power

Speed The ability to move a body part quickly either from point A to point B but also related to body parts Example: in golf, the speed of your arms and upper body in creating the swing

Reaction Time How quickly your brain can respond to a stimulus and initiate a response Example: responding to a gun at the start of a race, goalkeeper saving a penalty

Agility Being able to change direction and the speed at which you are traveling, quickly and efficiently

Balance The ability to maintain equilibrium while stationary or moving

Coordination The ability to use the body parts and senses together to produce smooth efficient movements.

Power Product of strength and speed. When we perform a task as quickly and as forcefully as we can, the result is powerful