Issue 3 – trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif *************************************************************************** Campaigning for Burma's only hope of freedom;
UKorgBurma: Contact us:
Who cares ..........?
But why the PDP? Because;
We Do!
Answers come from questions questions lead to debate debate lead to solutions solutions create unity unity comes from having common goals common goals lead to questions! The circle is never ending but without it there is no answer, no debate, no solution! "Like the circle of time, though continuous is never repetitive, it must be used wiseley and efficiantly"! ST
Chairman;Bo Aung Din The Parliamentary Democracy Party [PDP Burma] represent
Below is the link to a factual history of the
the seal of freedom
PDP: http://www.pdpburma.net/PDP_Publmain-01.pdf but you have to commit to it to win it!
Editorial http://ukorgburma.googlepages.com/
***************************************************************************DD azaz:0g&Dv (28) 2009 ckeSpf 2 February ,28,2009
Issue 3 – trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif ***************************************************************************
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***************************************************************************DD azaz:0g&Dv (28) 2009 ckeSpf 3 February ,28,2009
Issue 3 – trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif ***************************************************************************
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***************************************************************************DD azaz:0g&Dv (28) 2009 ckeSpf 4 February ,28,2009
Issue 3 – trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif ***************************************************************************
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***************************************************************************DD azaz:0g&Dv (28) 2009 ckeSpf 5 February ,28,2009
Issue 3 – trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif ***************************************************************************
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***************************************************************************DD azaz:0g&Dv (28) 2009 ckeSpf 6 February ,28,2009
Issue 3 – trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif ***************************************************************************
rSswaom Oya'jzpf&efvkdonf/ Oya'jzifhtkyfcsKyf jcif;onf vlom;wkd@. *k%foduQmukdrSsifhwifjcif; w&yfyifjzpfonf[k- ARISTOTLEu,kH}unf cJhayonf/ xkda}umifh *&dpfacwfausmfvGefvmcJhjyD; a&mracwfa&mufvmcsdefwGif eKdifiHa&;ynm omru Oya'ynmrsm;ygyl;wGJ oif}um;avhvm }u&aom STOA ac:a&S;a[mif;ynma&;wuU okdvfay:aygucf Jh&ayonf/ 4if;- STOA-ausmif; qkdonfrSm –PHILOSOPHY ynmausmif;jzpfjyD; acgifrkd;rygaom wef;vsm;&Snf taqmuftOD; jzpfonf/ 4if;- STOAausmif;rS oifay;aom t,ltqrsm;ukd –STOICISM[kac:wGifjyD; 4if; –STOICISMt,ltqrsm;onf BC300rS-AD 200txd txl;ausmf}um;cJhaom t,ltqjzpf cJhonf? –STOICISM .tajccHrSm vlom;wkdif;onf t a}umif;tusKd;qifjcifpOf;pm;wwfaom t&nf tcsOf;&Sd&rnf[k ,kH}unfjcif; avmu"H w&m; ukd em;vnf onf;cHeKdifpGrf;&Sdjcif;/ tp&Sdaomt csurf sm;yg0ifayonf/ (rSwfcsufavmu"Hw&m; [k jrefrmrSKjyKvkdufojzifhAk'
(4) t,aom]tajcGt&Hr&Sdjcif;/ wcsKd@yk*~Kdvf rsm;csrf;om}uG,f0aomfvnf;/ tajcGt&Hrsm; rSmay;urf;eKdifaom c%wGifomaumif;wwf }ujyD; tcsKd@wkrdh Sm rsufESma&ShwGifaumif;a,mif aqmifjyD; aemufuG,fwGif twif;tzsif;yifajym wwf}uao;onf/ TonfrSm-t,aomavmu"Hw&m;yifjzpfonf/ (5) edeNm]csD;rGrf;cHH&jcif;/bmbJvkyfvkyf-bmbJ ajymajym uJh&J@tjypfwifrnfholr&Sd/ cs;D r$rf;axm yem jyKolrsm;jzifhom 0kdif;0kdif;vnfaewwfjcif;/ (6) roHom]uJh&JhcH&jcif;/ vkyforSstvkyfwkdfif; taumif;vkyfItaumif;tajymrcH&aom tjzpfESifh}uKH&jcif;? (7) okcH]csrf;omjcif;/ csrf;omjcif;[lonf um; vkdtifqeNjynfh0jcif;/ ukd,f. yifyef;jcif; pdwf. yifyef;jcif;rS uif;vGwfjcif;/ r&Sd[al ompum;ukd ajymp&mrvkd jynfhpkHaewwfjcif;/ (8) 'kuQH]qif;&Jjcif;/ ukd,f. qif;&Jjcif;/ pdwf. qif;&Jjcif;/ ukd,fa&mpdwfygqif;&J&jcif;/ tjrJwef; rjynfhpkHrSKjzifh}uKHawG@&wwfjcif;/ qm avmifrGwfodyfjcif;/ tema&m*g ESdyfpufjcif;/ tp&dSonfrsm;onf/ 'kuQavmu"Hw&m; yifjzpf ygonf/ vl@b0okd@ a&mufvmolwkdif; Tavmu"Hw&m; - 8-yg;ESifh}uKHawG@&rnf/ 4if;}uKHawG@aom avmu"Hw&m;ukd od&Sdem; vnfqifjcifwwf&rnf/ okdhrSom ylyifaomu uif;jyD; aexkdif&rnf[k Ak'
***************************************************************************DD azaz:0g&Dv (28) 2009 ckeSpf 7 February ,28,2009
Issue 3 – trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif ***************************************************************************
wlnDrsSwrSK-HUMAN EQUALITY ukdvuQHeKdifvm rnfjzpfonf? 4if; - HUMAN EQUALITY-onf vlom;wkd@ . obm0tcGifh ta&; NATURAL RIGHT [k vnf;ac:qkdayonf/ TonfrSm -*&dpfESifha&mr acwfwkd@wGif xif&Sm;cJhaomSTOIC PHILOSOPHYyifjzpfygonf? okd@aomfvnf; -STOICISM pwkd;tpf0g' onf/ c&pfawmfray:rSD ESpfaygif;- 300-rSpwif ay:aygufcJhojzifh xkdpOfu eKdifiHa&;vrf;n$efrl0g' w&yfjzpfcJhaomfvnf; c&pfawmfay:vmjyD; aemufykdif;wGif pwkd;tpf0g'ESifh c&pfawmfay:jyD; ESpfaygif;-200-twGif;wGif tkyfcsKyfa&;ykdif;wGif rlw&yfjzpfaom- STOICISM ae&mwGif c&pf,ef bmoma&;ykdif;u wajz;ajz; 0ifa&mufae&m,l vmcJhonf? THE MIDDLE AGES ac:tv,facwfumv rsm;wGif bmoma&;onf tkyfcsKyfa&;tm;vkH;0 v$rf;rkd;oGm;cJhonfrSm- tkyfcsKyfa&;. txGÉf txdyfjzpfaom bk&ifrif;jrwfrsm;ukdyif bk&if tjzpfwifajrSmufjcif;ESifh bk&iftjzpfrS jzKwfxkwf jcif;rsm;wGif bmoma&;u OD;aqmifvmcJhjcif; jzpfonf? xkdrSqufvufI eKdifiHa&;qkdif&m POLITICAL THEORYukdyif bmoma&;. tc%f; u¾-THEOLOGYwGifyl;wGJbmom &yftjzpfokd@ a&mufcJhonf/ xkdacwfumvrsm;twGif; bmoma&;ykdif;rS tjrifhqkH;ae&mwGif 0ifa&muf ae&m,lvmjyD; eKdifiHa&;- POLITICAL THEORYtm;rSm;onf rSefonf vufawG@ tajz&Smaep &mrvkdbJ bmoma&;ykdif;rS csrSwfonfh qkH;jzwf csut f wkdif; vuQH&aom taetxm; okd@ a&mufcJh&onf? TonfyifvSsif- STOICISM ed*kH; csKyfaom tykdif;jzpfjyD; THE RENAISSANCE ac: jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;acwf -14-15-16-&mpk ESpfrsm;wGif/ - STOIC PHILOSOPHY jyefvnf&Sif oefvmcJhjyefonf/ Tokdhjzpf&jcif;rsm xkdacwf
umvrsm;twGif; -CITY STATES ykHpHrsm;rSonf NATIONAL STATES ykHpHrsm;okdh ajymif;cJhjcif;/ taemufOa&my eKdifiHrsm;twGif; c&pf,efbm omrS-POPE &[ef;rif;}uD;. }oZm tm%m rsm;edrfhusvmjcif;wkd@a}umifhjzpfayonf? xkd- NATIONAL STATES-rsm;acwfwGif HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR a&mrtifyg,mxGef; um;vmcJhjcif;ESifh THE REFORMATION ac: jyef vnfjyKjyifajymif;vJrSKrsm; jyKvkyfcJhojzifh bmoma&;ykdif;onf bk&ifrif;jrwf. tkyfcskKyfrSK vufatmufokd@a&muf&SdcJh&avonf? xkdpOfu bmoma&;ESifh eKdifiHa&;oD;jcm; pDxm;&Sd&efrSm rvG,fulvSay/ eKdifiHa&;ykdif;rS tiftm;&SdouJho@kd bmoma&;ykdif;uvnf; tif tm;&Sdojzifh tiftm;,SOfjyKdifrSKrsm;ay:aygufcJh ayonf/ xkdta&;tcif; xkdjy\ukd ajz&Sif;a&; twGuf bmoma&;tm; eKdifiHawmfbmomac: NATIONAL CHURCHES[k tc%f;u¾w&yfzGifh jyD; bk&ifrif;jrwfrsm;. tkyfcsKyfrSK vufatmuf okd@ ajymif;ay;cJh&onf/ xkdta&;tcif;xkdjy\ emajz&Sif;a&;wGif t"duct%f;u¾ rSyg0if aqmif&GufcJholrsm-NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI yif jzpfayonf/ xkdtcsed frSpI-- NATIONAL STATES-. NATIONAL UNITY trsKd;om;pnf;vkH;nDnGwfrSK/ NATIONAL SECURITY trsKd;om;vkH;jcKHa&;NATIONAL INTEREST trsKd;om;tusKd;pD;yGg;tp&Sdaom eKdifiHa&;. tajctjrpfrsm;xif&Sm; ay:aygufcJh&ayonf/ eKdifiHa&;ynmay:aygufvm&jcif;onf vlom;rsm;. qeNESifhbmom0 ed,mrw&m;T ESpf&yfaygif;pyf&mrS tajccHjcif;jzpfayonf/ vltokdif;t0ef;twGif; vlOD;a&rsm;vm jcif;onf-POWER ac:tiftm;ukd jzpfay:apcJh onf/ vlOD;a&rsm;vmjcif;a}umifh e,fy,fwkd;cs@J &efvkdvmonf/ xkde,fy,fwkd;csJ@rSKa}umifh ppfyGJ rsm;jzpfay:cJhjyD; xkdppfyGJrsm;atmifeKdifa&;twGuf vufeuf}ud,mwkd;cs@J wDwGifvm}uonf/ us,f
***************************************************************************DD azaz:0g&Dv (28) 2009 ckeSpf 8 February ,28,2009
Issue 3 – trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif ***************************************************************************
jyefhvmaom e,fajr ykdifqkdifrSKa}umifh tkyfcsKyf a&;ykdif;qkdif&mwGifvnf; wkd;cs@J vm&onf/ CITY STATES-rsm;acwfwGif bk&ifwyg;tkyfcsKyf aome,fajrom&SdcJhjyD; - NATIONAL STATESacwfokd@ a&mufvmaomtcg jrKd@aygif;rsm;pGm pkaygif;vmaomtkyfcsKk yfa&; us,fjyef@vmojzifh bk&ifrif;wyg;rSsomruawmhbJ jrKd@pm; e,fpm; rsm;wkd@csJhvmcJh&onf/ xkdenf;wlpGmyif tkyfcsKyfa&;taumif txnfaz:&mwGif vlom;wkdh. – NATIONAL OF LIBERTY obm0t& vGwfvyfrSKqkdonfukd tkyfcsyk fa&;ykdif;rS OD;pm;ay; tav;xm;vm& onf/ xkdrsSomru eKdifiHoleKdifiHom;rsm;ESifh tkyf csKyfoltv$mwef;pm;wkd@wGifwlnDaom wm0ef ,lrSK –yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrSKrsm;vnf; ay:ayguf vmcJhonfwenf;tm;jzifh –SOCIAL CONTRACT ac:qkdjyD;4if; SOCIAL CONTRACT azguzf sufaom okd@r[kwf tay:pD;&,laomtkyfcsKyfa&;orm;rsm; tm; jynfolvlxkuawmfvSefaom- tm%mrS jzKwfcsaom tqifhokd@ vnf;a&mufcJh}uavonf?
trSeftm;jzifh qkdaomf eKdifiHa&;ynm onf tqifhqifhajymif;vJ vmcJhaom tkyfcskKyf a&;ykHpHrsm;ESifh tem*gww f Gif topfjzpfay:vm rnfh tkyfcsKyfa&;ykHpHrsm; t}um; vlom;wkd@t wGuf a}ueyfESpfoufzG,f&m&Sdaom tkyfcsyk fa&; ykHpHwck ukdprf;w0g;0g; &SmazGae}ujcif;yifjzpf awmhonf/ rnfonfh eKdifiHa&;pHepf- ekdifiHa&;ykHpH rSs tpOfxm0& wnf&ef tcGifhtvrf;r&Sday? Ak'< tbd"rRmwGif -Oyg'f-xD-bif-[k /pum;okH;vkH; omaz:jyxm;cJhonf/t"dy`,frSmjzpfay:vmonf &yfwnfaeonf/ysufoGm;onf/,ae@vltrsm;pk u 'Drkdua&pDpHepfukd awmif;qkdae}uonf/ wae@aomtcg 4if;'Drkdua&pDpHepftwGif;rSmyif tqdyfjzpfvmjyD; 'Drkdua&pdpHepftm; 'Drkdua&pD uyifzsufqD; ypfavrnfjzpfonf/ xkdenf;wlpGm yif ,ae@wnf&Sdaeaom ppftm%m&SifpHepfukd ppftm%m&Sif tcsif;jcif;yifzsuq f D;ypfrnfjzpf yga}umif;?
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tpPvrfbmomrS *kd%f;*%rsm;/ urBmay:&Sd vlom;rsm;ukd;uG,fae}uonfh bmomwkdif;wGif bmom oufwef;&Snfvmjcif; ESifhtwl bmom0if tcsif;jcif; tawG;tac: t,ltqrsm; uGJvGJ vm}ujyD; *kd%f;*%rsm;uGJ jym;ay:aygufvmavh&Sd}uayonf/ xkda}umifh tpPvrfbmomwGif vnf;tcsdefumv}umjrifh vmcJh}ujcif;ESifhtwl *kd%f;}uD;-4-*kd%f;uGJxGuf ay:aygufvmcJhygonf/ (1) SUNNI pGefeD*kd%f;/ T*kd%f;rSm a&S; tusqkH; *kd%f;a[mif;}uD;jzpfjyD; ukd&rf usrf;pm twkdif; wduspGm vkdufemfusifhokH;}uaom *kd%f; jzpfonf/ 4if;pGefeD *kd%f;. trSwfoauFwrSm OD;xkyftjzL aqmif;xm; jcif;jzpfjyD; -wl&uD eKdifiH/ aqmf'Dtma&As eKdifiH/ tif'kdeD;&Sm;eKdifiH’ rav;&Sm;eKdifiH/ xkdif;eKdifiH ESifh tmz&du wkdufrS eKdifiHtcsKd@wGif wnf&Sdonf? (2) SHIITES &SDt-*kd%f;/ T*kd%f;ay: ay:aygufvm&jcif;rsm jyD;cJhaom tywfwGif jyqkdcJhjyD; jzpfonfh twkdif;wrefawmf rkd[rfrwf uG,fvGefjyD;aemuf/ - CALIPH rsm;qufvuf tarGcHjyD; bmoma&; ESifh tkyfcsKyfa&;yl;wGJ &,l vmcJh}u&mrS wrefawmfrkd[rfrwf.orufjzpf ol –ALI vufxufwGif - - CALIPH-&mxl; ukd vuQH&mwGif tcsKd@aom rlqvif tkyfpkrsm; u oabmrwlcJh}uojzifh tjcif;yGg;rSKonf ppf yGJtqihfokd@a&mufcJhjyD; SHIITES- *kd%f;opfay: aygufvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/xkpd pfyGJrSmc&pfouU&mZf 661-ckESpfwGif jzpfygG;cJh&m- CALIPH ALIrSmppfyGJ wGif usqkH;oGm;cJhonf/ ALI-usqkH;jyD;4if;. &efbufjzpfol rl&d, qkdol- CALIPH jzpfvmcJh onf/ okd@aomfvnf;rl&d,tedpPa&mufjyD;aemuf wGif ol.wynfhrsm;u - / ALI-. orufjzpfol
***************************************************************************DD azaz:0g&Dv (28) 2009 ckeSpf 9 February ,28,2009
Issue 3 – trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif ***************************************************************************
[lpdeftm; CALIPH-tjzpfwifajrSmufcJh}uonf/ xkd CALIPH –umvpf[lpdefvufxufwGif – SHIITES-*kd%f;pwifwnfaxmifjcif;jzpfonf / ,ckrsuaf rSmufwGif4if;/ SHIITES *kd%f;ukd ,kH}unfukd;uG,fol oef;aygif;-40-ausmf&SdjyD; tD&efeKdifiH/ tD&wfeKdifiH/ a,rifeKdifiH/ qD;&D;,m; eKdifiH / avbeGefeKdifiH/ ta&S@ykdif; tm&Af eKdifiH rsm;ESifh tdENd, eKdifiHajrmufykdif; wkd@wGif&Sd}uonf T *kd%f;oauFwrSm OD;xkyfeDjzpfonf? (3) - 0g[meD *kd%f;/ T*kd%f;0ifrsm;onf wrefawmf rkd[rfrwf. oruftmvD ukdvnf; vufrcH-tmvD. &efoljzpfaom rkd&d, tkyfpk ESifhvnf;rwJhaom *kd%f;jzpfonf / xkd*kd%;f . t,ltqt&- CALIPH- &mxl;ukd &,lolonf wrefawmf rkd[rfrwf. tquftEG,frS omr[kwfbJ oifhavSsmfaom t&nftcsif;&Sdol rnfolrqkd &,leKdifonf[k vuQH,kH}unfaom *kd%f;jzpfonf/ xkd*kd%;f 0ifrsm;on f ul&rfusrf; pmrS wyg; tjcm; tawG;tac:rSef orSsukd qef@usifonf/ bmoma&;wGif wif;}uyfpGm vkdufemapmifhxdrf;onf/ okd@aomft}urf;zuf 0g'/ ukdqef@usifonf/ 4if;*kd%f;0ifrsm;rSm trsm; tm;jzifh tm&S ta&S@tv,fykdif;tm&AfeKdifiHrsm; wGifaexkdif}uonf? (4) plrSD*kd%;f / *kd%f;ay:aygufvmcJhonfrSm ESpfaygif;-200cef@om&Sdygonf/*kd%f;0ifrsm;onf ul&rfusrf;ukd txl;av;pm;pGm &GwfzwfwwfjyD; bmoma&;tc%f; tem;rsm;cef;em;pGmusif;y onfukd vufrcH/ todnmwkd;wufzGH@jzkd;a&;t wGuf urRXmef;tm;xkwfjcif; /vl@avmu. om ,mrSKrsm;ukd pGef@vGwfjcif ;/tp&Sdaom bm0em yGm;rsm;csufrsm;jzifh jzlpifoef@&Sif;aom 0dnmOf jzpfatmif}uKd;pm;jcif;/ &aoh&[ef;rsm;uJhokd@ wukd,fawmfom aexkdifjcif;/ tusifhrsm;ukd vkdufemusifhokH;}uonf/ ,cktcg tD&wfeKdifiH/ wl&uDeKdifiH/ tmz*efepPwefeKdifiH/ tD*spfeKdifiH/ tdENd,eKdifiH/ ESifhtmz&du wkdufrS tcsKd@eKdifiHrsm; wGifwnf&Sdygonf/ TonfrSm tpPvrfbmom
.*kd%f;}uD;av;*kd%f;jzpfonf/ tpPvrfbmom. tqkH;trrsm;/ tpPvrfbmom. w&m;"rR rsm;ESifhtqkH;tr rsm;onf/ ukd&rfusrf;pmwGif yg&Sdaom tcsuf rsm;ESifh wrefawmf rkd[mrwf. aexkdifjyKusifhykH rsm;ukd tajccHxm;ayonf/
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a&Smif}uOf&rnfh 0pDuHtrSKrsm;/ (1) tmavmh[f bk&m;ociftm; awG@jrif&zl;onf[krajym&? (2) tmavmh[f bk&m;ocifESifhpum;ajym qkdcJh&zl;onf[krajym&? (3) tmavmh[f bk&m;ocif.}unfnkdbG,f &kyfqif;ta}umif;rajym&? (4) roifhavSsmfaomtvkyfrsm;wGif tm avmh[fbk&m;ocif.emrawmfrajym&? (5) rlqvifnDtpfukdrsm; tcsif;jcif;bmom a&;tusifhrrSefuef[k pGyfpGJajymqkdjcif;/ twif;tzsif;ajymjcif;rjyK&? a&Smif}uOf&rnfh raemuHtrSKrsm; (1) tmavmh[fbk&m;ociftm;zefqif;&Sif[kwf r[kwf oHo,pdwf r&Sd&/ (2) wrefawmfrkd[mrwftay:wrefawmf[kwfr [kwfoHo,pdwfr&Sd&/ (3)ul&rfusrf;awmftm;tmavmh[f bk&m;ocif
***************************************************************************DD azaz:0g&Dv (28) 2009 ckeSpf 10 February ,28,2009
Issue 3 – trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif ***************************************************************************
.ynwfawmfrsm;[kwfr[kwfoHo,pdwfr&Sd&/ (4) wrefawmf rkd[mrwfrSwyg; tjcm;wref awmfrsm;&Sd r&Sdukd oHo,pdwfr&Sd&/ (5) tpPvrfbmomukd r,kH}unfawmh[k rpOf;pm;&/ (6) tpPvrfbmomt&ynwfxm;aom bm oma&;tc%f;tem;rsm;ukdoHo,pdwfr&Sd&/
tpPvrfbmom0ifrsm;onf bk&m;0wfrjyKrSD tjrJwef;oef@&Sif;a&;jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfonf/ 4if; oef@&Sif;a&;jyKvkyf&mwGifvnf; tpOftwkdif; omaqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfonf? (1) rsuEf Smopf&rnf? (2) jyD;vSsif vufaq;&rnf/ (3) jyD;vSsifOD;acgif;ukdoyf&rnf/ tpPvrfbmom0ifwkdif;a&Smif&Sm;&rnfh (4) ajcaxmufaq;&rnf? tcsurf sm; tpPvrfbmom0ifrsm;onf (1) tmavmh[fbk&m;ociftm;r,kH}unfrSK/ bk&m;0wfrjyKrSD txufygtcsuf -4-csufESifh tmavmh[fbk&m;ocif. *k%foduQmrsm;ukdr,kH tnD oef@&Sif;rSKjyK&rnf/ 4if;tjyiftrsKd;orD; }unfrSK? rsm; vpOfjzpfay:ae}u "rRwmaoG;ukefjyD;aom (2) rdrdukd,fukdowfaorSK/wyg;oltm; tcsed f/trsKd;om;ESifh trsKd;orD;umr/udpPjyD;aom owfjzwfrSK? tcsed frsm;wGifvnf;oefh&Sif;a&;jyKvkyf&rnf? (3) rw&m;rSK/ wd&p>mefnSif;qJrSK/wyg;olrsm; rnfokd@yifjzpfap bk&m;0wfjyK&ef oef@ tm; 'kuQay;rSK/vlqkd;vlrkdufrsm;&Sif;a&; jyKvkyfjyD;aemufykdif;umv bk&m;0wfr ESifhaygif;oif;rSK jyK&ao;rSD- tdyfausmfoGm;jcif;/ wpkHwckaom (4) rdbESpfyg;tay: aus;Zl; rodwwfrSK tumtuG,fryg&SdbJ vdift*Fgukd ukdifrdjcif;/ rdbtay:r,Ofaus;aomtrlt&m wyg;ol. t*FgZmwfukdukdifjcif;/ avvnfjcif;/ u kdaomfrS rjyK&? taygo h Gm;jcif;/ tav;oGm;jcif;/ umr*k%ftrSK (5) olwyg;. r,m;ukd jypfrSm;rSK/ jyKrdjcif;/ trsKd;orD;rsm; "rRwmvmjcif;/ cav; tpPvrfbmomt&cGifhjyKcsufr&Sdaom arG;zGg;jcif;/ tp&SdaomtrSKudpPrsm;jzpfay:vmu umrqufqHrSK? bk&m;0wfjyK&ef oef@&Sif;a&; topfwzefjyefI (6) t&ufaopmESifh rl;,pfapwwfaomt jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfonf/ &mrsm;okH;pGJrSK? bk&m;0wfjyK&efoef@&Sif;a&;vkyf&mwGif tpPvrfbmom0ifrsm;usifhokH;&rnfhtcsurf sm; tokH;jyKaom a&rSm rkd;a&/ yifv,fa&/ (1) rdbaus;Zll;ukdodwwfjcif;ESifhrdb acsmif;a&/ wGif;a&/ ESif;a&/ rkd;oD;a&/ prf;a&/ tay:cspfcifjcif;? tp&Sdaoma&/ rsm;ukdtok;H jyKeKdifonf[k (2) touftm;jzifh}uD;ol/ *k%ftm;jzif@ jyXmef;xm;onf? }uD;olwkd@tm;&kdaoav;pm;jcif;/ okdh@aomfvnf;a&vkH;0r&Sdaom ae&m (3) rdrdxuftqifhedrfholrsm;tay:arwWm a'owGifa& tpm;ajrrSKHhukd tokH;jyKeKdifonf[k xm;jcif;/}unfh&SKapmifrjcif;/ jyXmef;xm;ayonf? (4) ukd,fcsif;pmw&m;xm;jcif;/ ,kdif;yif; ajrrSKH@jzifhtokH;jyKykHrSm/ ulnDjcif;/ vuf0g;ESpfbufukd ajrrSKH@ay:okd@zdcsvdu k f&rnf/ (5) tdrfeD;csif;tay:aumif;rGefpGmqufqHjcif;/ vuf0g;wGifuyfygvmaomajrrSKH@rsm;vGef;ygu/ (6) aqGrsKd;nmwd tcsif;jcif;cspfcifjcif;/ avjzifhrSKwfypfjcif;/ tenf;i,fcgypfjcif;jzifh tpPvrfbmom0ifrsm;aqmif&Guf&rnfh vkdtyfaomtaetxm; jyKjyifokH;pGJeKdifonf/ bmoma&;tc%f;tem;rsm;/ xkdaemufvufwGifuyfaeaom ajrrSKH@jzifh rsuEf Sm ***************************************************************************DD azaz:0g&Dv (28) 2009 ckeSpf 11 February ,28,2009
Issue 3 – trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif ***************************************************************************
opf&rnf/ vufESpfbuftm;b,fvufjzifhnmvufzrkd;ay: okd@4if;/nmvufjzifhb,fvufzrkd;ay:okd@4if;/ tjyeftvSefo,f,l&rnf? az:jycJhjyD;yg/ oef@&sif;a&;rjyKvkyfolrsm; bk&m;0wfjyKjcif; tc%f;tem;rjyK&/ HADJ tc%f;tem;okd@rwwf&/ ul&efusrf;pmukdrukdif wG,f&/ Ttcsuf-3-csufukd tpPvrfbmom 0ifrsm;twGuftxl;wm;jrpfcsuftjzpfowfrSwf xm;onf?
(4) awmif;aomqkESifh jynfhpkH&rnf[k ckdifjrJpGm,kH}unf&rnf? (5) awmif;aomqkonf npfjirf;aom/ ,kwfnHhaom/ wyg;oltm;xdckdufapaomt&m rsm;rjzpfap&?
qkawmif;yGJtc%f;tem;usif;yykHrSm
(1) 'l;ESpfzufpvkH;axmufIaomf4if; wify vifacGxkdifIaomf4if;/rsufvkH;ukd atmufpkduf }unfhIomxm;&rnf/ (2) yxrwGif tarrdb twGuft&ifqk tpPvrfbmom. qkawmif;ywWemjyK awmif;ay;&rnf/ tc%f;tem;/ (3) awmif;aomqkd. t"dutcsuu f kd wrefawmfrkd[mrwf ouf&Sdxif&Sm;&SdpOf txyfxyfqkdjrGuf&rnf/ uyifbk&m;ocifxH qkawmif;ywWem jyKaom (4) qkawmif;aepOf jiifomaomtoH tc%f;tem;ukd jyKvkyfavh&Sd&m/ jzifh wnfjidrfrsKorm"d&Sd&rnf/ (1) emrusef;jzpfoltm; a&m*gb, yajymuf (5) awmif;aomqkESifh awmif;aomae&m ap&efqkawmif;ay;jcif;/ tcsed ftcg tcGifh ta&;oifhavSsmfavsmufywf (2) c&D;oGm;olrsm; vrf;c&D;ab;&efuif;ap rSK&Sd&rnf/ &efqkawmif;ay;jcif;/ tpPvrfbmom.oauFwtrSwftom; (3) c&D;oGm;olrsm; vrf;c&D;ab;&efuif;ap tpPvrfbmomwGif wqlaom tmavmh[f &efqkawmif;ay;jcif;/ bk&m;ocifukdom,kH}unf&rnf/ &kyfxkrSeforSs (4) ab;&ef}uKHawG@aomc%wGiftEW&m,f ukdwnfxm;ukd;uG,fjcif; rjyK&[k jyXmef;xm; rSuif;vGwf&efqkawmif;ay;jcif;/ onf/ xkd@a}umifhtpPvrfbmomwGif txif wrefawmfrkd[rfrwfonf txufyg t&Sm;ukd;uG,f&eftrSwfoauFwr&SdcJhyg? tcsu-f 4-csut f wGufqkawmif; ywWemjyKay; ,ckrsufarSmufacwfwGif awG@ae&aomvjcrf; avh&SdjyD; tpPvrfbmomwGif ta&;}uD;aom ESifh}u,fyGifhykHrSmtpPvrfbmom.txdrf;trSwf tc%f;tem;w&yfjzpfa}umif;/ okd@aomfvnf; oauFw r[kwfbJ -12- &mpkrsm;twGif; awmif;aomqkjynfhpkH&efrSm atmufygtcsuf rSpI wefckd;tm%m }oZm}uD;cJhaomrsm;&Sd&rnfjzpfa}umif;? OTTOMAN TURKS EMPIRE – txdrf;trSwfom (1) bk&m;ocif tmavmh[ftm; jypfrSm; jzpfonf[k orkdif;wGifxif&Sm;cJhonf/ 4if;atmf rdojzifh aemifw&jyD;rdrd.trSm;ukd 0efcHjyD;ol/ wkdref tifyg,monf tpPvrfbmomukd;uG,f (2) rdrdwkd@pm;aomt[m&/ aomufaom aomeKdifiHrsm;ukdv$rf;rkd;cJhjyD; tpPvrfbmom a7-tazsmf,rum/ 0wfaomtxnftv$m 0ifeKdifiHrsm;u4if; vjcrf;ESifh}u,fyGifhtrSwf rsm;onfw&m;aom enf;jzifh &&Sdxm;jcif; tom;ukdoauFw tjzpfqufvufcH,lvkduf jzpf&rnf? jcif;jzpfayonf/ okd@aomfvnf;4if;trSwftom; (3) qkawmif;rSkjyKay;cH&olonftmavmh[f onf ,cktcgurBmw0Srf;wGif tpPvrfbmom bk&m;ocifwGifpdwfn$wfxm;rSK&Sd&rnf? a&;trSwftom;tjzpfys@H ESH@aejyDjzpfayonf/ tpPvrfbmomta}umif;jyD;qkH;a}umif; ***************************************************************************DD azaz:0g&Dv (28) 2009 ckeSpf 12 February ,28,2009
Issue 3 – trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif ***************************************************************************
armfpDwkH;.enf;AsL[mrsm;
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4if;/xkdolrsm;rsufjrifvufawG@,kH}unfvuQHvm apeKdifonfh enf;AsL[m w&yfukd a[majymwif jycJhavonf/ “cJvkH;i,faomfvnf; &m0iftkd;}uD;ukd uGJ apeKdifonf” armdpDwkH;onf yg;pyfu ajymae&kHrSs r[kwfbJ a&tjynfhxnfhxm;aom&m0iftkd;}uD; ukd oifhavSsmfaom tuGmta0;rS r}uD; ri,f taeawmf t&G,ftpm;&SdcJvkH;i,fjzifh vuf awG@ ypfaygufjyo&m- &m0iftkd;}uD; uGJtuf oGm;jyD; a&rsm; pD;usvmapcJhonf? Ttcsuo f nf armfpDwkH;. OD;aqmifrSK vufatmufwGif armfpDwkH;. vrf;n$efrSKtwkdif; vkdufemfaqmif&Gufygu tm%m&Sifwyfr}uD;rsm; ukdysKduGJ ysupf D;apeKdifvdrfhrnf[k awmykef;tkyfpk rsm;ukd ,kH}unfapvmcJhonf/ okd@aomfvnf;armpDwkH;onf/ &mZ0if tkd;}uD;ukd cJjzifh aygufonfrSmvG,fulvSa}umif; wcsufypfI ruGJvSsifaemufxyfqufwkduf ypf aygufjcif;jzifh uGJapeKdifa}umif;/wu,fhvufawG@ wGifTrSs rvG,fulvSa}umif; /csefau&Sdwf.wyf r}uD;onf a&tkd;}uD;uJhokd@ oufrJh ypPnf;r[kwf 4if;wkd@wyfzGJ@rsm;wGif acwfrSDaom vufeufrsm; wyfqifxm;}u&kH ru enf;ynmtrsKd;rsKd;tum tuG,f-tqkwf-twuf-tm;vkH;}uGrf;}uifpGm oif}um;wwfajrmufxm;aom wyfrawmf}uD; jzpfa}umif;/ xkda}umifh 4if;wyfzGJ@}uD;tm;wkduf &kduf&ifqkdifwkdufa&;rSm tvGeftEW&,frsm; a}umif;/ xkda}umifhxyfqifhOyrmw&yftjzpf 4if;a&tkd;}uD;ukd t eD;uyf0ifI rypfbJ tm;&Sd aom}ud,mjzifh ta0;rS vSrf;ypfvSsif ykdI t&m a&mufa}umif;rsm;ukd vnf;&Sif;vif;a[majym cJh&avonf? armfpDwkH;&nfn$ef;vkdaom tcsurf Sm aysmufusm;pHepf wkdufckdufa&;yifjzpfayonf Tenf;AsL[mwGif &efoltm;wkHvSKyfajcmufjcm; aprSK/ &efol. vufeufrsm;&,l eKdifrSK /ppfp&dwf oufomaprSK wkdufckdufa&;atmifjrifrSKa}umifh rdrdwyfzGJ@0ifrsm;tm; pdwftm;wuf}uGrsKukd
***************************************************************************DD azaz:0g&Dv (28) 2009 ckeSpf 13 February ,28,2009
Issue 3 – trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif *************************************************************************** jzpfaprSK/ rdrd. &Jabmfrsm;tustqkH;eJyg;rSK/ ASEAN chief defends excluding &efolukdta&;ESdrfhapojzifh rdrdwkd@bufokd@ Rohingyas from summit agenda
axmufcHaom jynfolvlxkwkd;yGg;vmrSK /a'o cHjynfolwkd@. cspfcifav;pm;rSKtp&Sdonftm; jzifh tusKd;rsm;pGmwkd;yGg; rSKjzpfapcJhavonf/ trSeftm;jzifh rl armfpDwkH;onf ausmif; q&mwOD;omjzpfcJhonf/ okd@aomf olavhvmcJh &aom w&kyfa&S;a[mif;ppfaoe*F AsL[m usrf; rsm;ESifhol. jzwfvwfoGufvufaom tawG; tac:rsm;u ol@tm;wyfeDawmf.ppfaoemywd tjzpfeKdifiHjcm; ppfwuUokdvfrsm;wGif oifwef; wufp&mrvkdawmhbJ ol@tvkdtavsmufjzpf vmcJh&jcif; jzpfavonf/ xkda}umifh vnf; jrefrmpum;ykHwGif e*kd &SdrS e*kd%f;xGufonf [kqkdxm;av&m jynfol@acgif;aqmifjzpfrnfh olrsm;wGif omref t&yfom;xuf xl;jcm;aom *k%ft*Fgrsm;yg wwfonfrSm txl;ajymp&mrvkday/ armfpDwkH;. cJvkH;i,faomfvnf;- &m0iftkd;ukduGJapeKdifonf rSefaomfvnf; uGJatmifypfwwfzkd@vnf; ynm vkdao;a}umif;wifjyvkdufygonf? }}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
qufo, G &f ef?
t}uHOm%fay;vkdolrsm; eKdifiHa&; pmay/ A[kokw/ rSefuefaom&nf&G,f csurf sm;jzifh /wkdif;jynfESifh wkdif;&if;om;aygif;pk zGH@jzKd;wkd;wufrSK ukdvv kd molwkdif; yg0ifa0zef okH;oyfeKdifyga}umif;/ zdwfac: vufwGJygvSsuf owif;Xme ygvrD ef'Drkdua&pDygwD PDP News Bulletin PO Box 12 Bangbuathong Nonthaburi 11110 Email;
[email protected] Webwww.pdpburma.net
Surin Pitsuwan Surin says the decision to address the refugees' situation in more informal settings is not intended to undermine the importance of the issue. [Reuters] Dr Surin Pitsuwan defended his decision in front of reporters in Bangkok Created: Thu, 26 Feb 20:25:44 UTC+0100 2009 Last Updated: Thu, 26 Feb 2009 13:35:00 +1100 The secretary general of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) has defended a decision to exclude discussions on the plight of Burmese Rohingya refugees from the agenda of this week's leaders' summit in Thailand. Dr Surin Pitsuwan told journalists in Bangkok that the issue would be raised in informal bilateral meetings at the summit, which starts tomorrow, but would not be included in the formal agenda. In recent weeks hundreds of Rohingya asylum seekers have left Burma. Some are being cared for in the Indonesian province of Aceh, after allegedly being beaten in Thailand and towed out to sea in a makeshift vessel. The incident was criticised by the United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Antonio Guterres,
***************************************************************************DD azaz:0g&Dv (28) 2009 ckeSpf 14 February ,28,2009
Issue 3 – trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif *************************************************************************** during a visit to Australia earlier this week.
the global economic downturn and the resulting impact on migrants' rights highlights how gaps in current
Dr Surin says the decision to address the refugees'
labor and policy frameworks across the region have
situation in more informal settings is not intended to
left millions of workers at high risk of mistreatment.
undermine the importance of the issue, although his response hinted at the sensitivity of the issue for
A test case for ASEAN's fledgling Human Rights
Thailand, which is hosting the ASEAN meeting.
Body
"If you ask the officials to say, 'put it on the agenda',
Burma's military government continues to deny its
officials wouldn't dare. If you let the ministers and the
citizens' basic rights, including the rights to freedom of
leaders to decide among themselves, group dynamics
expression, association, and peaceful assembly.
work wonders," he said.
Repeated promises of democratic transition do not justify the subversion of these rights. The ruling State
"What's being discussed informally or on the sideline
Peace and Development Council (SPDC) regularly
eventually will make it to the formal process. If they are
arbitrarily imprisons political activists, journalists, and
talking informally over dinner, don't underestimate it,
human rights defendersthe number of political
and don't just deny the feasibility and the possibility
prisoners nearly doubled following the September
that it could become a decision by the ministers and by the leaders. "When they sit around the table, exchange views, dialogue among themselves, reasoning among themselves, they will come to an acceptable solution. Give the group dynamics a chance."
Letter to ASEAN Secretary General Surin Pitsuwan
2007 crackdown to more than 2,150. The government's pardoning of thousands of prisoners in September 2008 and February 2009 has resulted in only a handful of political prisoners being released, while dozens or hundreds more are arrested and sentenced to lengthy prison terms for peaceful political activities. The Burmese military continues to violate the rights of civilians in ethnic conflict areas by committing extrajudicial killings, forced labor, and land confiscation without due process both as part of
February 25, 2009
military offensives and in preparation for mega
Dr. Surin Pitsuwan Secretary General ASEAN
infrastructure projects of foreign companies. The military government also worsened economic hardship
70A Jalan Sisingamangaraja Jakarta 12110 Indonesia Via Facsimile: +62 21 739 8234 Dear Secretary General,
and humanitarian crises in many parts of Burma by obstructing international assistance, including the ASEANled international humanitarian efforts to assist more than two million people affected by the devastating Cyclone Nargis.
We write to urge you and ASEAN leaders to use the discussions during the summit meeting from February 27 to March 1 to address three crucial human rights concerns in the region. First, ASEAN should set a new standard to address the human rights situation in Burma. Secondly the recent tragedy surrounding the perilous exodus of Burma's Rohingya minority reveals glaring failures of ASEAN and its member countries on the treatment of refugees and asylumseekers. Finally,
The continuing serious violations of human rights in Burma reflects in part ASEAN's failure to devise concrete measures for the SPDC to adopt to improve domestic situations and conform to the core values of the ASEAN Charter, which came into effect on December 15, 2008. The ASEAN Charter commits member states to protect human rights. At the summit, foreign ministers will discuss the terms of
***************************************************************************DD azaz:0g&Dv (28) 2009 ckeSpf 15 February ,28,2009
Issue 3 – trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif *************************************************************************** reference for the ASEAN human rights body and this is
As more and more people try to escape from
an important opportunity for ASEAN leaders to create
deteriorating conditions in Burma, ASEAN member
an independent and effective mechanism.
countries cannot look the other way and close the door to those in need of assistance and protection. Horrific
We urge that Burma be a priority in the AHRB's
examples include the policy adopted by Thailand to
assessment of human rights situations in member
use navy warships and maritime militias to block
countries. Findings and recommendations should then
Rohingya boats from entering its territorial waters and
be presented and discussed during the ASEAN Foreign
tow those boats back to the high sea, and then failing
Minister Meetings and the ASEAN Summits so that
to provide sufficient food and water.
there will be collective action of ASEAN to respond to Burma's serious violations of international human
The 14th ASEAN Summit may discuss short and
rights law and human rights provisions in the ASEAN
mediumterm measures in recipient countries to
Charter. In addition, we urge ASEAN to use the AHRB's
provide the Rohingya fleeing Burma shelter and access
mandate to encourage Burma on the following issues:
to the protection mechanisms of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). But given
·
Ratifying and implementing human rights and international humanitarian law treaties.
·
those measures, while necessary, will not be sufficient.
Timely and adequate reporting to the United Nations human rights treatymonitoring bodies.
·
the trajectory of repression and hardship in Burma, At present, only two ASEAN countries have ratified the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
Opening the country to the United Nations
and its 1967 Protocol despite Southeast Asia's long
Special Procedures and providing them with full
history of both refugees and assistance for refugees.
assistance and access.
Countries like Malaysia and Thailand, have in the past
·
Implementing recommendations of the United Nations treaty bodies and Special Procedures.
·
assisted many refugees, but currently make no real distinction between undocumented migrants, asylum
Establishing national human rights institutions
seekers and refugees, and have at times committed
in accordance with the United Nations Principles
refoulement, the forced return of refugees to places
relating to the status of national institutions (the "Paris
where they face persecution, a fundamental violation
Principles").
of international law.
·
Ensuring that human rights defenders can carry out their work unhindered.
We urge ASEAN member states to:
· Asylum Seekers and Refugees in ASEAN Member States
·
Ratify the 1951 Refugees Convention and its 1967 Protocol without delay. Incorporate the international refugee definition into domestic law and introduce asylum
Recent events, when hundreds of Rohingya refugees
procedures consistent with international standards that
and asylum seekers were found perished at sea trying
will give asylum seekers a fair opportunity to present
to reach the coastlines of Thailand and Indonesia, are
their claims and protect them while their refugee
a wakeup call for ASEAN to change its approach in
claims are pending. Grant rights to residence,
dealing with the exodus of people from Burma. The Rohingya are among millions of Burman and ethnic
documentation, and work.
·
In the absence of a domestic asylum
minority populations inside Burma who have for
procedure that enables Burmese to challenge the
decades sought refuge in neighboring countries,
grounds for their deportation, end the practice of
hoping to be protected from persecution and abuses
deporting Burmese without an opportunity for UNHCR
committed by Burma's military government.
to screen them to determine if they are asylum seekers or refugees.
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Issue 3 – trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif *************************************************************************** Migration, Forced Labor and Trafficking
one day off per week, overtime pay, limits on salary deductions, access to labor courts, annual leave, and
Millions of men and women from Southeast Asia work
other benefits. Establishing standard contracts or
as migrants in both Asia and the Middle East, typically
separate laws with weaker protections than those in
in domestic work, construction, manufacturing and
existing labor laws are not a substitute for providing
agriculture. While migrants' labor and their earnings
domestic workers equal protection under the law.
play a pivotal role in the economies of both their countries of employment and origin, few protections
In many cases, bilateral cooperation between ASEAN
exist to avoid their exploitation. ASEAN has a critical
countries has failed to establish adequate protection
role to play to ensure that governments establish and
for vulnerable migrant populations. For example, a
enforce standards to ensure that recruitment,
memorandum of understanding between Malaysia and
employment, and repatriation take place respecting
Indonesia fails to protect migrant domestic workers
international human rights norms.
ability to keep their passports or to establish minimum labor standards. Regional cooperation and leadership
Trafficking within and emanating from Southeast Asia
from ASEAN can help to ensure minimum standards
remains a serious problem, and harsh immigration
across the region that will avoid an unhealthy race to
enforcement measures have served to fuel additional
the bottom, as countries compete for jobs in a volatile
abuses in countries such as Malaysia and Thailand.
economic climate. Furthermore, ASEAN can play an
Many migrants are deceived about their working
important role in facilitating mechanisms for
conditions, cheated out of the rightful wages, abused
complaints that cross international borders. In many
by their employers, and deported without access to
cases, migrants are repatriated or deported before
redress. In Thailand, migrants are vulnerable to arrest
they have the opportunity to complain to authorities
and extortion by corrupt officials, and risk exploitation,
about mistreatment or crimes.
abuse and death. Migrants have told Human Rights Watch how police routinely "shake down"
Such cooperation is also critical in the fight against
undocumented migrants, threatening to arrest them if
human trafficking. Both Malaysia and Thailand have
they do not pay up. Decrees in Ranong, Rayong, and
failed to investigate allegations of collusion between
Phang Nga provinces have made it unlawful for
government officials and trafficking gangs on the
migrants to go out at night, carry mobile phones or
MalayThai border. In 2008, Burmese migrants told
ride motorcycles.
Human Rights Watch of being sold to criminal gangs, who charged those with money to smuggle them back
While some ASEAN countries have begun to establish
into Malaysia and trafficked those who could not pay.
regulations for labor recruitment, these remain
Human Rights Watch has interviewed Burmese
inadequate and poorly enforced. For example,
migrants in Thailand who confirm the trafficking
migrants from Indonesia are regularly charged illegal
allegations. They said that others working alongside
and exorbitant fees, often incurring debts at usurious
them on fishing boats have been trafficked by gangs
interest rates. Prospective domestic workers are often
working on the Malaysian border. Other Burmese had
locked up in predeparture "training" centers for
been in Thai police lockups, but brokers had paid
months. Agents sometimes deceive prospective
police to release them, and then sold them to fishing
workers about the nature and conditions of work they
boat captains.
will perform, their wages, and the country in which they will be employed.
Immigration enforcement measures have compounded these issues. In Malaysia, enforcement of the
Countries that employ migrant domestic workers, such
Immigration Act 2002 has involved mass immigration
as Singapore and Malaysia have failed to ensure that
sweeps without proper screening of migrants to detect
these workers enjoy protections such as provisions for
individuals in need of protectionsuch as refugees,
***************************************************************************DD azaz:0g&Dv (28) 2009 ckeSpf 17 February ,28,2009
Issue 3 – trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif *************************************************************************** trafficking victims, and workers who have been subject
We look forward to your attention to these matters of
to abuseand to ensure that they are not subject to
concern.
penalties imposed under the Act. Malaysia has failed to address abuses against migrants by the People's
Yours sincerely,
Volunteer Corps (Ikatan Relawan Rakyat or RELA), the governmentbacked force that apprehends irregular migrants and provides security for Malaysia's
Elaine Pearson Deputy Director
immigration detention centers. In 2008, Human Rights Watch documented a pattern of abuse by members of
Asia Division
RELA, including physical assault, intimidation, threats, humiliating treatment, forced entry into living quarters,
Nisha Varia
extortion, and theft perpetrated against migrants,
·
asylum seekers and refugees.
Deputy Director
We urge ASEAN member states to:
Women's Rights Division
End the use of governmentbacked civilian
Email News Sayed Hussein" <
[email protected]
corps to apprehend migrant workers.
·
Ratify the International Covenant on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families and bring domestic law and policy into conformity with the convention.
·
Extend equal protection of the labor laws to domestic workers and create mechanisms for enforcement.
·
Institute screening procedures to identify and assist trafficking victims and abused migrant workers.
·
Strengthen regulations governing recruitment agencies, with clear mechanisms to monitor and enforce these standards, independent monitoring, substantial penalties for violations, and clear standards for recruitment fees or their complete elimination.
·
End unlawful restrictions imposed on migrant workers freedom of movement and freedom of association.
·
Ensure migrants have access to justice and support servicesIncluding international cooperation to file complaints from migrants who have been repatriated or deported. While ASEAN has recently declared its intention to address some of these issues through the ASEAN Declaration on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers, ASEAN Declaration on Trafficking in Persons, Particularly Women and Children, and the Bali Process, concrete improvements on the ground are yet to be seen.
ENC STATEMENT ON MISSION TO AUSTRALIA 20 Feb – 3 March 2009 The Ethnic Nationalities Council (ENC) delegation is in Australia to thank the Australian government and its people for their ongoing support for the struggle for democracy, human rights and freedom in Burma. In visiting Australia, the delegation wishes to encourage further support from the Australian government and the people of Australia, especially in supporting Burma’s ethnic nationalities whose persecution at the hands of the SPDC continues unabated. The delegation also wishes to express their deepest sympathy to the victims of the bushfires in Australia and sends their sincere condolences to the families of those who have perished and lost their homes. The ENC delegation is led by its ViceChairman, Dr. Lian H. Sakhong, and comprised of Mahkaw Hkunsa, General Secretary of the ENC, Dr. Sui Khar, Joint General Secretary of the ENC and Victor Biak Lian, Member of Foreign Affairs Committee. During their visit (20 February – 3 March), the delegation will meet with Australian Parliamentarians, the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, AusAID and the Department of Immigration and Citizenship. They will also hold meetings with respective Burmese community organisations and nongovernmental organisations in Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide and Perth. Background: Burma’s political crisis is the product of more than just a lack of democracy and human rights. It stems as much from the military regime’s systematic deprivation of the rights of Burma’s ethnic nationalities. This fundamental problem has its roots in the failure to implement the 1947 Panglong Agreement, which was the agreed basis for establishment of the Union of Burma just before the end of British rule. Military rule,
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Issue 3 – trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif *************************************************************************** brought about by the military coups of 1962 and 1988, has only exacerbated the marginalization of Burma’s ethnic nationalities and led, in more recent years, to their systematic persecution and alienation. After five decades of systematic human rights violations, ever increasing conflict, growing narcotics and human trafficking and ongoing persecution of Burma’s ethnic nationalities and opposition groups, the political crisis in Burma is no longer seen as a just a domestic issue, but rather a threat to international peace and security and a matter of serious concern for both regional states and the international community. In 1994, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) responded by passing a resolution on Burma in which the UN called for tripartite dialogue among leaders of ethnic nationalities, the National League for Democracy (NLD) led by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and military regime to solve the crisis. Since then, the Office of UN Secretary General has made consistent attempts to foster a genuine tripartite dialogue, a move warmly welcomed by both leaders of ethnic nationalities and the NLD, but the ruling State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) has frustrated and opposed all attempts to hold such talks. Instead, the SPDC launched its own ‘sevenstep road map’ in 2003. Despite the lack of support for its road map – including its most recent step of ratifying a new constitution the military has persisted with its seven step process. Now it is preparing to hold new general elections in 2010 instead of heading UNGA’s call for tripartite dialogue. All opposition groups have now rejected the roadmap, including the newly ratified constitution and the proposed 2010 elections. For most opposition groups, the new election is merely designed to provide legitimacy to the existing military dictatorship. The Ethnic Nationalities Council (Union of Burma) believes that tripartite political dialogue is critical for a durable peace in Burma for two key reasons: (a) The 2010 election is not solution for today's political crisis in Burma. It is just designed to strengthen the military’s grip on power and give it a ‘civilian feel’. (b) All significant opposition groups, including both ceasefire and noncease fire groups, have no confidence in the SPDC’s ‘road map’, including the SPDC’s imposed constitution and its proposed 2010 elections. All opposition political parties, including the NLD and political parties of ethnic nationalities have decided not to participate in 2010 election and have called for a review of the constitution. The international community and the UN are also insisting on tripartite political dialogue (UNGA Resolution 63/245 of 24 December 2008) and in recent days, the EU Presidency Statement of 23 February 2009 again confirmed the need for tripartite dialogue.
1) Use its diplomatic influence to ensure that the ethnic nationalities are given the opportunity to
participate in all political processes 2) Continue to push for the release of all political prisoners 3) Provide financial assistance for Burma’s democracy movement 4) Take a lead role in building political support for ‘multiparty talks’ based on elements of the ‘six party talks’ on North Korea and the ‘Quartet’ of international mediators for the Middle East 5) Appoint a Special Envoy to Burma in order to build the political support and momentum necessary for multiparty talks 6) Increase Australia’s overall level of humanitarian assistance to the people of Burma 7) Continue funding incountry programs and refugees on the ThaiBurma Border 8) Provide crossborder humanitarian assistance in Eastern and Western Burma 9) Begin providing humanitarian aid for Burmese refugees in India and Bangladesh 10) Provide financial support for the victims of the famine in Chin State 11) Support aid programs that promote civil society education and empowerment processes 12) Ensure that all assistance follows a human rightsbased approach and is targeted to assist the most vulnerable groups, particularly in the ethnic areas 13) Increase its refugee intake from Burma. Media Contacts (until 3 March 2009): Dr. Lian H. Sakhong Makhaw Hkunsa +61043455 1939 185 0399 Dr. Sui Khar tor Biak Lian +610411434 7540 825 5640
Duwa +61040
Vic +61401
ENC Office P.O. Box (49) Chiang Mai University P.O Chiang Mai 50202 Thailand http://www.encburma .org/
The ENC recommends that the Australian Government:
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Issue 3 – trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif *************************************************************************** Abdullah: We must be firm in turning back Rohingya By: PICHAI CHUENSUKSAWADI AND PATTNAPONG CHANTRANONTWONG Published: 27/02/2009 at 12:00 AM Newspaper section: News Countries affected by the influx of Rohingya refugees must be firm in turning them back, says Malaysian Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi.
and when they come to us of course we know they come from Myanmar [Burma]," he said. But when Malaysia has approached Burma on this issue, Burmese authorities have asked what evidence Malaysia has that they originated from Burma. Mr Abdullah said some Rohingya refugees tear up their documents when they arrive on Malaysian shores. "There has to be a lot of understanding on how to control this at the border. We have to be very firm in dealing with this situation. If we are not, then all of us will have a problem," Mr Abdullah said. "From Thailand they come to us, from us they go to Indonesia. We don't want to be unkind. But the problem has been about people who come without permits.
"We don't want to be unkind. But the problem has been about people who come without permits"
"If they come as workers with permits which have been approved, then we can regulate them. But the problem is those Rohingya who just turn up. So what do we do with them?"
In an exclusive interview with the Bangkok Post before the Association of Southeast Asian Nations summit, Mr Abdullah said Malaysia was faced with a similar problem to Thailand, which has recently come under heavy criticism for its handling of the Rohingya issue. NOTE: The full text of the interview with Mr Abdhullah is here. Thai authorities have been accused of abusing Rohingya boat people, tying their hands behind their backs before towing their boats out to sea. Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva has strongly denied the allegations, saying "there is no reason [for Thai authorities] to abuse human rights in dealing with these people despite the fact that they are illegal migrants".
Premier Abdullah (R) with Post editorinchief Pichai. Asked if he saw a role for international organisations in a regional meeting on the Rohingya issue, Mr Abdullah said: "They are very concerned and at times they are critical of actions taken by governments. But if we cannot be firm we cannot deal with this problem. We have to be firm at all borders. We have to turn them back.
Mr Abhisit has also said there are criminal gangs involved in illegal trafficking of some Rohingya into Thailand and the Department of Special Investigation is now looking into the matter.
"If they [the organisations] help, we will be very happy," he said.
The prime minister has called for regional cooperation in dealing with the Rohingya issue at the Asean summit and also in line with internationallevel meetings such as the Bali Process in March.
In a separate exclusive interview with the Bangkok Post, Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said this was a humanitarian issue and the Asean leaders would be discussing the issue at their meeting in Chaam this weekend.
"This is not just Thailand's problem. It's a problem for all the region's countries, whether they are countries of origin, countries of destination or countries of transit," Mr Abhisit said.
With regard to the origins of the Rohingya, Mr Lee said where the people came from could not be a matter of opinion. "It is a matter of geography. It is not a matter of dispute. It can be ascertained," he said.
Mr Abdullah said he welcomed the Thai suggestion and Malaysia would participate. Malaysia has a similar problem, he said. Most Rohingya arriving on Malaysian shores came from Thailand.
"And then we can work out what the conditions are, what needs to be done.
"We feel that they are being pushed onto us instead of Thailand accommodating them somehow. They come to us
"The leaders are meeting and the leaders will be talking about this."Keep this page into your personal bookmark:
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Issue 3 – trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif ***************************************************************************
Burma: We'll take Bengalis, not Rohingya By: THANIDA TANSUBHAPOL and ANUCHA CHAROENPO Published: 28/02/2009 at 12:00 AM Newspaper section: NewsPHETCHABURI : Burma yesterday only agreed to take back boat people if they could be identified as coming from its Bengali ethnic
The Asean foreign ministers have asked Asean secretarygeneral Surin Pitsuwan to act as a working group chair in coordinating with the Burmese government to ascertain the number of Bengali people among the migrants. Earlier this week, the Australian government held a meeting to discuss the matter in Brisbane.
minority and are not Rohingya.
Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva reaffirmed that the Rohingya issue should be tackled at the regional level. This, he said, would be a sustainable solution as all parties would be confident about their security and also that it would have no impact on the human rights front. Mr Abhisit yesterday held bilateral talks with Burma, Malaysia and Cambodia.
Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva with Burmese counterpart Thein Sein before their bilateral meeting. GOVERNMENT HOUSE Asean foreign ministers have promised to find a solution to help the remaining boat people who are Rohingya. Foreign Minister Kasit Piromya said the Burmese foreign minister told Asean ministers his government would help screen migrants and accept the return of Bengalis to Burma. "The Burmese government does not recognise the Rohingya people as one of 135 minority ethnic groups and it would accept only those who can be identified as Bengalis residing in the country," Mr Kasit quoted his Burmese counterpart Nyan Win as saying. Those who are Rohingya would be discussed by Asean ministers as the grouping had experience in dealing with Cyclone Nargis in Burma last year, the minister said, adding that the Burmese government would also discuss the migrant issue with the Bangladeshi government. The Rohingya boat people problem was raised in talks at the informal Asean foreign ministers dinner on Thursday and yesterday. The foreign ministers have also agreed to discuss the Rohingya issue further in Bali from April 1415. At least four Asean countries were affected by the Rohingya boat people Thailand, Burma, Malaysia and Indonesia. India and Bangladesh will be invited to join in the Bali process too.
The Burmese government has agreed to allow Asean to extend humanitarian assistance under the tripartite core group to its people who were affected by Cyclone Nargis for another year, said Mr Kasit. "Burma will hold a general election next year and its new government will reconsider postCyclone Nargis rehabilitation," he said. Burmese political activists yesterday called on Burma to grant citizenship to the Rohingya. "They should not be treated as stateless people. Instead they should provide jobs and other state welfare to help develop their livelihoods," said Kyaw Lin Oo, director of the Burma Democratic Concern. He said it was high time the Asean summit helped push for change in Burma, especially on issues regarding promotion of democracy and human rights. "But first of all we would like the Burmese authorities to release all the 2,000 political prisoners and then hold a constructive dialogue with Aung San Suu Kyi as quickly as possible," he said. In a related development, Scot Marciel, US deputy assistant secretary of state, East Asia and Pacific Bureau and ambassador to Asean, said while the US support Asean's goal of an integrated market, it would like to see Burma as a unified state and reach out to all of its people and the opposition. Burma needs to solve the problems with its economy which has been mired in recession for the past few years and improve its health care and education systems, he said. Keep this page into your personal bookmark:
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