驶入细胞分析的高速路 Promega细胞学产品介绍 付艳荣 市场销售部经理
客户的需求 • 研究对象--细胞 是多种成分组成的复杂体,对任何一个参数的 量化都是异常困难的。 • 想要准确定量细胞内众多的生理变化。 • 不需要过多地优化实验条件,争取一次成功。 • 需要 convenient, easy-to-use, off-the-shelf assays so personnel do not need to become experts
优秀的检测试剂盒能够带给你• Better Data • More Publications • More Grants • More Time • More Money • Success!
Promega’s cell based assay products Cell Viability / Cytotoxicity Assays • • • • •
CellTiter-Glo® Assay CytoTox-ONE™ Assay CellTiter-Blue® Assay CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Live Dead Assay
Reporter Gene Assays • • • • • •
Dual-Glo® Luciferase Assay Dual-Luciferase® Reporter Assay Chroma-Glo™ Luciferase Assay Bright-Glo™ and SteadyGlo® Luciferase Assays pGL4 Vector series uHTS Dual Reagent
Apoptosis Assays • •
Caspase-Glo 3/7® & Caspase-Glo® 8 & 9 Assays Apo-One® Caspase-3/7 Assay
GloMax™ Luminometers
Promega 细胞学产品介绍 Promega细胞学产品介绍 细胞活力检测 细胞凋亡检测 细胞信号转导
细胞活力检测 活细胞检测 – cell viability 死细胞检测 - cytotoxicity
In Vitro Cell Viability/Cytotoxicity Assay Scheme Seed Cells
Add Test Compound or Treatment
Add Assay Reagent
Equilibration
Exposure
0-24 hrs
4 hrs – 5 days
Record Data
Assay 10 min–24 hrs
Potential Outcomes v. Control No effect
Proliferative Effect
Cytotoxic Effects - Apoptosis - 1° Necrosis
定义 • Viability = The quality or state of being alive. - Membrane integrity - Metabolic capacity
• Cytotoxicity = The quality or state of being deadly or poisonous to cells. – Necrosis – Apoptosis
活细胞检测 基于琥珀酸脱氢酶的检测 – 酶标仪 基于其他氧化还原酶的检测 – 荧光分光光度计 基于ATP的检测 – 发光检测计
活细胞检测 基于琥珀酸脱氢酶的检测 基于其他氧化还原酶的检测 基于ATP的检测
基于琥珀酸脱氢酶的检测 琥珀酸脱氢酶 四唑盐
甲臢
• CellTiter 96® Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay (MTT) G4000 G4100 • CellTiter 96® AQueous Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS) G5421 G5430 G5440 • CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS) G3582 G3580 G3581
CellTiter 96® Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay (MTT) 试剂盒组分: • Dye solution • Solubilization solution/Stop mix
CellTiter 96® Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay (MTT) 前期培养
加样 Dye Solution 37℃孵育4小时
加样 Solubilization/Stop Solution 孵育1小时
比色 570nm
产品规格 • G4000 1000 assays =¥1926; ¥1.93 /well • G4100 5000 assays = ¥5436; ¥1.09 /well
CellTiter 96® AQueous Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS) 试剂盒组分: • MTS solution • PMS solution
CellTiter 96® AQueous Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS)
CellTiter 96® AQueous Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS) 前期培养
混合MTS 、PMS 加样
37℃孵育1-4小时
比色
490nm
CellTiter 96® AQueous Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS) • 易于使用
混合 – 加样 – 孵育 – 读数
• 灵活
可随时观察显色反应
• 快速
无需洗涤细胞、无需溶解产物
• 安全
无需刺激性有机溶剂SDS
• 方便
现成的、稳定的、无菌的溶液
• 非放射性
无需放射性同位素的操作资格及相应费用
产品规格 • G5421 1000 assays = ¥1647; ¥1.65 /well • G5430 5000 assays = ¥5436; ¥1.09 /well • G5440 50000 assays = ¥44793; ¥0.90 /well
CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS) 试剂盒组分: • CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Reagent (MTS & PES)
CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS) 前期培养
加样 …reagent
37℃孵育1-4小时
比色
490nm
CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS) • 易于使用
加样 – 孵育 – 读数
• 方便
现成的、稳定的、无菌的单一溶液
• 快速
无需洗涤细胞、无需溶解产物
• 安全
无需刺激性有机溶剂
• 灵活
可随时观察显色反应
• 非放射性
无需放射性同位素的资格及相应费用
Comparison of CellTiter 96® One Solution and 3H-Thymidine Incorporation Assays
产品规格 • G3582
200 assays = ¥549; ¥2.75 /well
• G3580 1000 assays = ¥1971; ¥1.97 /well • G3581 5000 assays = ¥6597; ¥1.32 /well
Cost Comparison CellTiter 96® Systems to Radioactive Assays 3
H -th y m id in e 2 0 m l v ia l 7 m l v ia l P a c k a rd T o p c o u n t C ellT ite r 9 6 ® C ellT ite r 9 6 ® C ellT ite r 9 6 ® A Q C ellT ite r 9 6 ® A Q C ellT ite r 9 6 ® A Q M T S P ow der C ellT ite r 9 6 ® A Q O n e S o lu tio n C ellT ite r 9 6 ® A Q O n e S o lu tio n
G 4000 G 4100 G 5421 G 5430 G 5440 G 1111 G 3580
(1 0 0 0 ) (5 0 0 0 ) (1 0 0 0 ) (5 0 0 0 ) (5 0 ,0 0 0 ) (2 5 ,0 0 0 ) (1 0 0 0 )
G 3 5 8 1 (5 0 0 0 )
c o st/9 6 a ssa y $ 5 9 .3 0 $ 4 0 .5 3 $ 3 1 .4 4 $ 1 4 .4 0 $ 8 .6 4 $ 1 2 .9 6 $ 7 .7 8 $ 7 .0 0 $ 1 .8 2 $ 1 6 .0 0 $ 1 0 .3 6
基于琥珀酸脱氢酶的检测 • 经典的方法 • 非放射性 安全 节约经费 • 操作简便(G4000 → G5421→ G3581) • 仅需使用酶标仪 • 价格便宜
活细胞检测 基于琥珀酸脱氢酶的检测 基于其他氧化还原酶的检测 基于ATP的检测
概述 • 均相检测 • 基于氧化还原反应 刃天青 试卤灵(荧光) • 仪器:荧光分光光度计、酶标仪 • 适用范围:少量样品 高通量筛选
基于其它氧化还原酶的检测 氧化还原酶 刃天青 • CellTiter-Blue® G8080
荧光
Cell Viability Assay
G8081
试剂盒组分:
试卤灵
G8082
CellTiter-Blue® Reagent
CellTiter Blue Assay Mechanism Viable Cell
Reduction Rxns
Resazurin
Resorufin Emits fluorescence at 590nm
操作步骤 CellTiter Blue Reagent
Add Reagent to Cells in Culture
Incubate 37°C 1-4 hours Incubate ~4 hours
Record Fluorescence 560/590nm
产品规格 • G8080 20ml = ¥756 10 X 96 well plates ≈ 1000 assays 10 X 384 well plates = 3840 assays
¥0.76/well ¥0.20/well
• G8081 100ml = ¥2151 50 X 96 well plates ≈ 5000 assays 50 X 384 well plates = 19,200 assays
¥0.43/well ¥0.11/well
• G8082 10 x 100ml = ¥18162 500 x 96 well plates ≈ 50,000 assays 500 x 384 well plates= 192,000 assays
¥0.36/well ¥0.09/well
Resazurin 的纯度 • 使用高纯度的resazurin(刃天青) • 混有resorufin(试卤灵)的检测试剂将会增加 实验本底
HPLC Estimates of Resazurin Purity from Two Vendors Area % = 97.8 & 2.2
Area % = 92.5 & 7.5
基于其它氧化还原酶的检测 • 灵敏度高
化学荧光
• 操作简便 一步法均相检测 加样 - 混合 - 读数 • 非放射性 安全 节约经费 • 省时 • 便宜 • 需要使用特定仪器
荧光分光光度计(酶标仪)
CellTiter-BlueTM Assay 与 MTS assay 基本相似 • Resazurin 和 tetrazolium (i.e. MTT, MTS, etc) 均为氧化还原指示剂 • Resazurin assays 的灵敏度稍好 – Fig. 5 in TB #317 shows ~400 cell detection for resazurin in 96 well format at 4 hours, and ~50 cell detection after extended incubation.
• Resazurin assays 可用荧光分光光度计和酶标 仪检测
叠加反应 Multiplex CellTiter-Blue and Apo-ONE Assays CellTiter-BlueTM Reagent
• Set up assay plate with test compounds • Add resazurin
Incubate
Apo-ONETM Reagent
• Incubate 37°C • Add caspase substrate
Incubate
• Incubate ambient Record Fluorescence 590nm and 530nm
• Record fluorescence
CellTiter-BlueTM can Multiplex with an Apoptosis Assay in the Same Well
CellTiter-BlueTM can Multiplex with an Apoptosis Assay in the Same Well
活细胞检测 基于琥珀酸脱氢酶的检测 基于其他氧化还原酶的检测 基于ATP的检测
基于ATP的检测 萤火虫萤光素酶 萤光素 + ATP + O2
Mg2+
• CellTiter-Glo® G7570
氧化萤光素 + AMP + PPi + CO2
Luminescent Cell Viability Assay
G7571
G7572
试剂盒组分: CellTiter-Glo® Buffer CellTiter-Glo® Substrate
G7573
光
CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay • • • • •
均相检测 (加样-混合-读数) 检测ATP 基于萤光素酶反应 第一个均相的ATP检测 辉光型信号 (半衰期>5小时)
比 CellTiter 96® AQeuous One Solution (MTS) Assay :
• 更灵敏 – CellTiter-Glo ® Assay ≤ 50 cells – CellTiter 96® One Solution ~ 1000 cells
• 更快 - 无需孵育4小时
Sensitive is beautiful, man.
产品规格 • • • •
G7570 G7571 G7572 G7573
100 assays 10 X 100 assays 1,000 assays 10 X 1000 assays
=¥ 639; ¥6.39 /well =¥2961; ¥2.96/well =¥2511; ¥2.51/well =¥19431; ¥1.94/well
操作步骤 CellTiter-Glo Substrate
“Reagent”
CellTiter-Glo Buffer
Linear Response at Low Cell Number
Sensitivity !!
CCD Camera Images of ATP Standards in 96 & 384 Format
10µM 1µM 0.1µM 0.01µM 0.01µM
特点 • 灵敏
50个细胞 生物荧光
• 简便
一步法均相检测
• 快速 • 灵活 • 安全
加样-混合-读数
10分钟 96 or 384, CCD 非放射性 节约经费
• 需要使用特定仪器
发光检测仪
BacTiter-Glo™ Microbial Cell Viability Assay -均相的检测方法
ATP
-与 CellTiter-Glo相似,为检测微生物而特别设计
extraction
Cells
detection
ATP
Luminescene
BacTiter-GloTM 试剂作用于不同的微生物有机体 革兰氏阴性
革兰氏阳性
其它
大肠杆菌 铜绿假单孢菌 阴沟肠杆菌 海床黄杆菌 流感噬血菌 普通变形菌
金黄色葡萄球菌 粪链球菌 肺炎链球菌 枯草芽孢杆菌 蜡状芽孢杆菌 藤黄节杆菌
酿酒酵母 白色念珠菌
鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 小肠结肠炎耶尔 森氏菌
红色:药物开发 绿色:生物防御 紫色:模型微生物
蜃楼耶尔森氏菌
白色:其它
BacTiter-GloTM: 延伸的检测范围
Sensitivity !! Extended range
BacTiter-Glo™ 微生物拮抗剂敏感性检测 Oxa (ug/ml) 32
16
8
4
2
1 0.5 0.25 0.12 0.06 0.03 0
MIC
% RLU vs no drug control
Antimicrobial activity of oxacillin on S. aureus 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 0
0.5
1
Oxacillin (ug/ml)
1.5
2
break
死细胞检测 • CytoTox 96® Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay G1780 • CytoTox-ONETM Homogeneous Membrane Integrity Assay G7890
G7891 G7892
膜完整性检测 A. 染料排斥法 – –
Trypan Blue Propidium Iodide / Ethidium Homodimer
B. 细胞内容物的漏出 – – –
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Release Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase 51Cr-release
细胞毒性检测 –
经典方法
CytoTox 96® Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay G1780 乳酸脱氢酶 LDH NAD+ + 乳酸 NADH + INT
丙酮酸 + NADH 心肌黄酶
(四唑盐)
NAD+ + 甲臢
• 经典的方法
• 仅需使用酶标仪比色
• 非放射性 安全
• 操作简便
CytoTox-ONE™ Assay Overview Leaky cell LDH LDH Lactate
Pyruvate
NAD+
NADH
Diaphorase Resorufin
Resazurin
操作步骤 • Prepare “Reagent” by adding Assay Buffer to Substrate Mix • Equilibrate assay plate to 22°C • Add Reagent directly to Assay wells (1:1 vol) • Incubate 10 min • Add Stop Solution • Mix • Record Fluorescence (560Ex/590Em)
概述 • 经典方法 • 均相检测 • 化学荧光信号 • 节约时间 • 可叠加其它检测试剂
叠加反应
CytoTox 96® & CellTiter 96®
产品规格-CytoTox ONE • G7890 (2 plate kit) = ¥909 2 X 96 well plates ≈ 200 assays 2 X 384 well plates = 768 assays
¥4.54/well ¥1.18/well
• G7891 (10 plate kit) = ¥2817 10 X 96 well plates ≈ 1000 assays 10 X 384 well plates = 3840 assays
¥2.82/well ¥0.73/well
• G7892 (10 plate kit) = ¥2817 10 X 96 well plates ≈ 1000 assays 10 X 384 well plates = 3840 assays
¥2.82/well ¥0.73/well
经典方法 vs 一步法 经典方法
一步法
CytoTox 96 Non-Radoactive
CytoTox-ONE
• 转移培养上清
2块板
• 在原来的培养板上直接检测
• 比色法
• 化学荧光信号
• 30min 孵育
• 10min 孵育
实验结果取决于: • 细胞死亡进程 • 毒素的浓度 • 细胞与毒素作用的时间 • ……
改善细胞毒性实验结果的做法: • 待检化合物的多个浓度 • 多个细胞-化合物的作用时间 • 复合多个指标 (cytotoxicity, apoptosis)
同时检测活细胞和死细胞 MultiTox-Flour Multiplex Cytotoxicity Assay
MutiTox-Fluor Multiplex Cytotoxicity Assay
Live Cell Protease Assay What exactly is the live/dead assay? Gly-Phe-AFC Cytoplasm “Live Cell” Protease
Fluorescence Dead Cell Protease Substrate doesn’t appreciably add to live cell signal due to poor permeability
X
(Ala-Ala-Phe)-R110
Nucleus
“Dead Cell” Protease
What exactly is the Live-Dead assay? Dead Cell Protease Assay Concept
X
Insult
Gly-Phe-AFC No cleavage due to inappropriate enzymatic environment or enzyme lability
Cytoplasm “Live Cell” Protease
“Dead Cell” Protease Fluorescence or Luminescence
(Ala-Ala-Phe)2-R110
Nucleus
What solution do we provide? Simple multiplexed CV/CT assay
ADD Live Cell & Dead Cell Reagent
INCUBATE 15-30 min
READ Fluorescence Luminescence
Continue with compatible endpoint assays (Apo-ONE, Caspase-Glo, or CellTiterGlo Assays, total cell number with dye stain
Live Cell Assay (Protease Retention) Correlates with Viability by ATP A non-destructive v. lytic endpoint
The Ratiometric Response for Data Normalization An inverse relationship exists between the live dead cell signals. Raw or signal to noise
Percentage of maximal signal
What are the key pieces of data? Multiplexed Viability and Total Cell Assay
Viability/Cytotoxicity and Caspase Induction
Cell Lines Examined with the Multiplexed Cytotoxicity Assay Cell Line HCT HL-60 SK-MEL-28 MCF-7 PA-1 ACHN PC-3 DU-145 NCI-H226 LN-18 HeLa Jurkat Hek293 HepG2 NK-92CI U937
Sex M F M F F M M M M M F M na M M M
Age >18 36 51 69 12 22 62 69 na 65 na na <1 15 50 37
Histology carcinoma promyleocytic melanoma adenocarcinoma teratocarcinoma carcinoma adenocarcinoma carcinoma squamous glioblastoma carcinoma T-cell leukemia transformed hepatocarcinoma lymphoma histocystic lymphoma
Source/Origin colon PBL leukemia melanoma mammary ovary kidney prostate prostate lung brain cervix lymphocyte kidney liver NK cell monocyte
如何选择合适的细胞活力检测试剂盒? • first “What do I really want to measure?” ¾ Number of living cells (Viability) ¾ How many live cells are left
¾ Number of dead cells (Cytotoxicity) ¾ How many cells were killed
¾ Increase in cell number (Proliferation)
• Then ask… “Do I want to determine the mechanism of cell death?” ¾ Necrosis ¾ Apoptosis
细胞凋亡检测 基于TUNEL的检测 基于Caspace家族成员的检测 复合方法 凋亡相关抗体
凋亡 • 程序化死亡: 在不破坏器官完整性的前提下,去除某些细 胞的协同激活机制。 • 是多数器官保持自稳及正确发育的重要途径 • 异常的凋亡导致病变: 癌症 神经退行性疾病 • 非炎性反应 • 是一系列蛋白溶解事件的级联反应
凋亡
vs.
坏死
•
Membrane blebbing, nuclear and • cytoplasmic shrinkage, chromatin condensation.
•
Fragment into membrane-bound apoptotic bodies.
•
Phagocytosed by macrophages without producing immune response.
•
Cell lysis with local inflammatory response.
•
DNA degrades into 180-200 bp fragments (laddering).
•
DNA degrades into smear.
•
Intrinsic active genetic program.
•
Does not require protein synthesis.
Cell swelling, loss of membrane integrity, chromatin flocculation.
细胞毒性的不同通路 Time Zero
Viable cell
Viable cell
30min-1hr
←
←
4-6hr
apoptosis
necrosis
→
→
24hr
2° necrosis
cell debris
凋亡检测方法 • 形态学观察
信息
• DNA断裂
- TUNEL
复杂程度
• 胞膜改变
- CytoTox-ONE
速度
• 抗体标记物
-
Anti-ACTIVE® Caspase-3 pAb Anti-Cytochrome c mAb Anti-PRAP p85 Fragment pAb
• 细胞活力检测 - CellTiter AQ, -Blue, -Glo • Caspase活性
- Apo-ONE, Caspace-Glo
细胞凋亡检测 基于TUNEL的检测 基于Caspace家族成员的检测 复合方法 凋亡相关抗体
基于TUNEL的检测 原理 • 凋亡细胞的DNA出现断裂
180–200bp
• TdT(末端脱氧核糖核苷转移酶)把带有标记物的脱 氧核糖核苷加在DNA碎片的3’-OH末端 • 标记物的显色、发光 TUNEL
TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling • DeadEndTM Colorimetric TUNEL System
G7360
• DeadEndTM Fluorometric TUNEL System
G3250
G7130
DeadEndTM Colorimetric TUNEL System 操作步骤 Attach sections or cells to slide Fix
Stop reaction
Block endogenous peroxidase
Permeabilize
Add Streptavidin HRP
Pre-equilibrate
Add DAB
Label fragmented DNA (biotinylated dNTPs)
Analyze under light microscope
DeadEndTM Colorimetric Apoptosis Detection System • 检测DNA 降解 –重要的凋亡信号 • 在细胞混合群体中检测凋亡细胞 • 单细胞水平 • 原位检测 • 非放射性 • 可用于组织切片、培养细胞
DeadEndTM Colorimetric Apoptosis Detection in HL60 cells
Anisomycin-treated
DMSO-treated controls
DeadEndTM Colorimetric Apoptosis Detection in rat brain tissue sections
Staining in the LGN after axotomy-induced cell death
Staining in the contralateral control LGN
DeadEndTM Fluorometric TUNEL System 操作步骤 Attach cells to slide Fix Wash Permeabilize Wash Pre-equilibrate
Label fragmented DNA (F-dUTP) Stop reaction Wash Stain (PI) Wash Analyze under fluorescence microscope
Fluorescein Apoptosis Detection of HL-60 cells
Anisomycin-treated
DMSO-treated controls
DeadEndTM Fluorometric TUNEL System
TUNEL Assays---Fluorescent
vs.
Colorimetric
• Extremely rapid • Ideally suited for cells in culture/flow cytometry
• Ideally suited for tissue sections • Morphology can be assessed simultaneously
• Thick tissue sections have problem with autofluorescence • Cannot observe morphology • ¥59.6/assay
• Longer assay • ¥124.4/assay, ¥88.4/assay
细胞凋亡检测 基于TUNEL的检测 基于Caspace家族成员的检测 复合方法 凋亡相关抗体
Apoptosis Pathways Chemicals
Receptor
Etoposide
Staurosporine Fas/TNF
Pro-caspase-8
DNA damage
?
FADD Z-VAD-FMK
Cytosolic factors (Bid)
Active caspase-8
Mit Cyto C + Pro-caspase-9 + Apaf-1
Caspase-3 and 7
Z-VAD-FMK Active caspase-9
DFF, ICAD, PARP Modified from Sun et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274: 5053.
DNA cleavage and morphological changes
哺乳动物细胞主要的凋亡途径 Receptor Mediated (Extrinsic)
Mitochondrial (Intrinsic)
Procaspase-8
Procaspase-9
Apoptosis Inducing Factor Non-caspase (?)
“Apical or Initiator” Caspases
Caspase-8
Caspase-9
Committed cellular fate
Caspase-3 and-7 “Death Effectors”
Digestion of Cell Scaffold Proteins, DNA laddering and finally, DEATH
基于Caspace家族成员的检测 原理 • 哺乳动物细胞凋亡时caspace酶的活性增加 • 将caspace酶的特异底物修饰(发色基团、萤光前体) 或在酶反应中引入ATP • 显色、发光
基于Caspace家族成员的检测 比色法 • CaspACETM Assay System, Colorimetric
G7351 G7220
化学荧光法 • CaspACETM Assay System, Fluorometric G3540 • Apo-ONETM Homogeneous Caspase-3/7 Assay G7792 G7790 G7791
生物发光法 • Caspase-GloTM 3/7 Assay G3540 • Caspase-GloTM 8 Assay G8200 G8201 G8202 • Caspase-GloTM 9 Assay G8210 G8211 G8212
Apo-ONETM Homogeneous Caspase-3/7 Assay
One Step, “加样-混合-读数”
Z-DEVD-R110-DEVD-Z
Caspase 3/7
Z-DEVD +
R110
Apo-ONETM Homogeneous Caspase-3/7 Assay
配制试剂
加样
混合
读数
Apo-ONETM Homogeneous Caspase-3/7 Assay
Sensitivity !!
Sensitivity !!
Caspase-GloTM Assays 改构萤光素
Z-XEXD-
Caspase Consensus Tetrapeptides
DEVD: Casp-3/7 LETD: Casp-8 LEHD: Casp-9
2
萤光素
+ Z-XEXD-
Luciferase
Light
Simplicity of Homogeneous Format Caspase-Glo™ Reagent • •
Caspase Substrate Lysis Solution
Viable Cell
Apoptotic Cell
Dead Cell
Inactive Caspase
Active Caspase
Inactive Caspase
Reagent
X
No Rxn
Reagent
Luminescence Reagent
X
No Rxn
Caspase-GloTM Assay Protocol
配制试剂
加样、混合
读数
Caspase-GloTM 3/7 Assay: 线性范围和灵敏度 Luminescence is Proportional to Caspase 3 Activity 100000 Titration 1 Titration 2
RLU (bckgr sub)
10000
R2=.99 Slope=.99
1000 100 10 1
R2=.99 Slope=1.1
0.1 0.01 0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
Caspase-3 mU/ml
1
10
100
Caspase-GloTM 3/7 Assay: 稳定性
R L U (b a c k g r s u b tra c t)
100000 10000 1000
.5 hr read 2 hr read 4 hr read 6 hr read
100 10 1 0.1
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
caspase 3 (mU)/well
1
10
Caspase-GloTM 3/7 Assay 应用 • 纯酶检测 – Caspase inhibitor screens – IC50 analysis of potential inhibitors
• 细胞培养物检测 – Apoptosis assays – Drug screening for apoptosis activation or inhibition – Drug screening for Caspase 3/7 activation or inhibition – Secondary Cytotoxicity Screening
Caspase-GloTM 3/7 Assay: • 已测试过的细胞系与诱导剂 – 细胞: Jurkats, L929, HeLa, HL-60, SH-SY5Y, HepG2 – 诱导剂: anti-Fas, TNFα, staurosporine, clozapine, vinblastine, tamoxifen 网上工具软件:apop. assistant
• 可检测血清中的 caspase-3 活性 – We recommend a no cell control – Background can be reduced if cells can be grown in serumreduced medium
细胞凋亡检测 基于TUNEL的检测 基于Caspace家族成员的检测 复合方法 凋亡相关抗体
复合方法 Death CheckTM I Assay System G7370 CaspACETM Assay System, Colorimetric DeadEndTM Colorimetric TUNEL System
G7351 G7360
Death CheckTM II Assay System G7380 CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay G3582 DeadEndTM Colorimetric TUNEL System G7360
Death CheckTM III Assay System G7390 CaspACETM Assay System, Colorimetric G7351 CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay G3582
Time Zero
Apoptosis
Viable Cell
30min-4hr
Apoptotic
24hr Apoptotic bodies & Debris
Caspase
0
+++
++
LDH Release
0
+
+++
ATP
+++
++
0
MTS
+++
++
0
Resazurin
+++
++
0
Viable Cell
Necrotic
Necrosis
Debris
Caspase
0
0
0
LDH Release
0
+++
++
ATP
+++
0
0
MTS
+++
0
0
Resazurin
+++
0
0
细胞凋亡检测 基于TUNEL的检测 基于Caspace家族成员的检测 复合方法 凋亡相关抗体
凋亡相关抗体 • Anti-ACTIVE® Caspase-3 pAb G7481 • Anti-Cytochrome c mAb G7421 • Anti-PRAP p85 Fragment pAb G7341 • 免疫组化 • 免疫细胞化学 • Western blotting • 流式细胞分析
Anti-ACTIVE® Caspase-3 pAb staining of anti-Fas induced Jurkat cells (human)
Control untreated
Apoptotic
Anti-ACTIVE® Caspase-3 pAb staining of TNF alpha treated L929 fibroblasts (mouse)
Control cells 5.5hr
TNF alpha 5.5 hr
Anti-ACTIVE® Caspase-3 pAb staining of staurosporine treated SH-SY5Y cells (human neuroblastoma)
Control, 5hr
0.5uM stauro., 5hr
信号转导相关的检测 磷酸激酶检测 磷酸酶检测
信号转导 • 细胞对外部刺激的反应 • 信号 = 细胞间传递信息的生化反应 • 细胞反应性的改变 = 信息从胞膜—胞浆– 胞核 – 基因转录 • 涉及蛋白的修饰作用 激酶的磷酸化作用 磷酸酶的去磷酸作用 蛋白酶的切割作用
DAG
+
GPCRs
IP3
Shc
PLCγ
PLCβ
Akt PP2A
Ca2+
Gβγ PI3K
Sos Ras
PKCs Ca2+
Rap1
Epac
AC I-IX
PKA
cAMP
AKAP Organelle/ cytoskeleton
MEKKs
AP-2 nucleus SP1 CREB transcription CaMKIV
Ca2+ Ca
Grb
survival
Bad 14-3-3
+
CaM
PIPs PTEN
Gqα or Go/iα or Gsα Gβγ
RTKs
真核细胞信号网络
ELK-1 ATF-2
2+
CaN CaMKII CaMKK
PPI
NFκB NFκB IkB
c-JUN IKK
Plasma membrane
MEKs MAPKs
磷酸激酶检测相关产品
磷酸激酶检测相关产品 • 酶 • 底物 • 抑制物 • 抗体 • 酶活性检测试剂盒 Kinase-Glo® Luminescent Kinase Assays SignaTECT® Assay Systems PepTag® Non-Radioactive Assays
Kinase-GloTM Luminescent Kinase Assay
原理 萤火虫荧光素酶 萤光素 + ATP + O2
激酶反应
Mg2+
氧化萤光素 + AMP + PPi + CO2 +
光
Kinase-GloTM Luminescent Kinase Assay 试剂盒组分: • Kinase-GloTM Buffer • Kinase-GloTM Substrate
Kinase-Glo™ Product Description • Kinase-Glo™ 检测激酶反应中产生的ATP来反映 激酶活性 • 含量与激酶活性成反比 • 很好的 Z` 值
操作步骤 • 激酶反应 – Kinase, substrate, +/- compounds – Start reaction with ATP – Mix and incubate at RT
• • • •
加入等体积 Kinase-Glo™ Reagent 混合 (15 sec) 孵育 (10 min) 读取发光强度
操作步骤
特点 • 均相检测
加样 - 混合 - 读数
• 简便、灵敏、非放射性 • 底物可以是多肽、蛋白、脂类 • 不需要标记反应组分 • 生物发光信号强 • 动力学范围广、Z’值高 • 精确的IC50值
Promega’s cell based assay products Cell Viability / Cytotoxicity Assays • • • • •
CellTiter-Glo® Assay CytoTox-ONE™ Assay CellTiter-Blue® Assay CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Live Dead Assay
Reporter Gene Assays • • • • • •
Dual-Glo® Luciferase Assay Dual-Luciferase® Reporter Assay Chroma-Glo™ Luciferase Assay Bright-Glo™ and SteadyGlo® Luciferase Assays pGL4 Vector series uHTS Dual Reagent
Apoptosis Assays • •
Caspase-Glo 3/7® & Caspase-Glo® 8 & 9 Assays Apo-One® Caspase-3/7 Assay
GloMax™ Luminometers
谢 谢!