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Hw$>Q>mH$S>o JmdmVrc XodñWmZm§Mr ì`dñWm, nyOm-AMm©, Hw$iY_©-Hw$imMma gmon{dÊ`mV Amcm. em§{S>ë` JmoÌr Omoer KamÊ`mMo Hw$cX¡dV dadS>çmOdi H$mo{igao `oWrc lrXod cú_r-Ho$ed. Am§~oOmoJmB©Mr lrXodr OmoJoœar (`moJoœar) hr Hw$cñdm{_Zr. nmo_|S>rMo J«m_X¡dV lram_oœa Amho. {edm`, lr_hmcú_r, lr_hmH$mcr, lr_hmgañdVr, lrì`mK«m§~ar, lr^amS>rU (lr^ÐmUr) AmXr XodVm§Mr _§{Xao nmo_|S>r JmdmV AmhoV. `m{edm` lram_m§Mo gw§Xa _§{Xa Omoer KamÊ`mZo ~m§Yco Amho. JmdMo Hw$imMma, CËgd `m _§{Xam§VyZ gJio JmdH$ar EH$Ì `oD$Z gmOao H$aVmV. ZdamÌ, Xod{Xdmir, {e_Jm, Jm|Yi ho Hw$iY_©hr J«m_XodVoÀ`m _§{XamVyZ Ho$co OmVmV. `m gmè`mMr O~m~Xmar `m {Vgè`m Hw$Q>mZo dfm©Zwdf} _Zmo^mdo gm§^micr. Aem Vn:nyV Am{U ew{Mî_§V KamÊ`mV, AmR>ì`m {nT>rVrc lr.gImam_n§V Omoer `m§Zr Amnë`m H$V¥©ËdmZo KamÊ`mÀ`m cm¡{H$H$mV _moR>r ^a KmVcr. lr.gImam_n§V ho JmdMo ImoV hmoVo; na§Vw Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm _moR>o Vmcodma hmoVo Ago Zìho. KaMr eoVr Am{U n§MH«$moerVrc nm¡amo{hË` `mda CnOr{dH$m hmoV hmoVr. amoI aH$_oMr \$maer àmár hmoÊ`mMm `moJ Zgcm Var KaMrM eoVr Am{U XyYXw^Vo Am{U OmoS>rcm nagXmaMo Zmai, nmo\$ir Am{U ^mOrnmcm `mda g§gma gwImZo Mmcy hmoVm. gImam_n§Vm§Zm EHy$U nmM _wcJo Pmco. H$merZmW, {dîUy, Zmam`U, JUoe Am{U har. `m nmMm§nH¡ $s Zmam`U Am{U JUoe ho ~hþYm Aënm`wfr R>aco AgmdoV, H$maU Ë`m§À`m{df`r \$maer _m{hVr CncãY Zmhr. Wmoaco H$merZmW d`mÀ`m 88ì`m dfu 1925À`m Xaå`mZ dmaco, EdT>m ÌmoQ>H$ C„oI em§{S>ë` JmoÌr Omoer KamÊ`mÀ`m Hw$cd¥ÎmmÝVmV Amho. _mÌ lr. {dîUwnV§ Am{U lr. h[an§V `m§À`m{df`r H$mhr _m{hVr CncãY Amho. Ë`m H$mir JmdmoJmdr emim ZìhË`m. OwO~r AjaAmoiI JmdmVM H$moUr n§VmoOr H$ê$Z Úm`Mo. nm¡amo{hË`hr AgoM H$m_McmD$ KmoHy$Z KoVco Om`Mo. _mÌ Á`mcm ñdV:À`m CËH$fm©Mr Vi_i hmoVr, JmdMr gr_m Amocm§S>Ê`mMr V`mar hmoVr, IamoIarMr kmZcmcgm hmoVr, Aer _wco _w§O Pmcr H$s, {ejUmgmR>r ~mhoa nS>V. gmo` hmoB©c VoWo amhÿZ, _mYwH$ar _mJyZ {ejU nyU© H$am`Mr Am{U ìhZm©Š`wba \$m`Zc qH$dm _°{Q´>H$ hmoD$Z gaH$mar ZmoH$ar {_idm`Mr. {dîUwn§V Am{U h[an§Vhr AgoM _mYwH$ar _mJyZ {eH$co. _mÌ Ë`m H$mimÀ`m _mZmZo XmoKm§À`mhr S>moù`mg_moa VaiUmar ñdßZo _moR>r hmoVr. {dîUwn§Vm§Zr d{H$crMm \$m°_©gwÕm ^acm hmoVm. na§Vw _Yë`m ~§YyMo AmH$pñ_H$ {ZYZ Pmco. Ë`m JS>~S>rV d{H$crMr gZX hþH$cr. _J {dîUwn§Vm§Zr _w§~B©cm aoëdo_Ü`o ZmoH$ar nËH$acr. Ë`m doir MM©JoQ> ñWmZH$mÀ`m C^maUrMo H$m_ Mmcy hmoVo. {dîUwn§V _w§~B©cm Joco Va h[an§Vm§Zr aËZm{Jar `oWo amhÿZ Amnco {ejU nyU© Ho$co Am{U d{H$cr ì`dgm`mV AënmdYrVM Amncm O_ ~g{dcm. Ë`m§À`m H$m_mMm ì`mn EdT>m dmT>cm H$s aËZm{Jar `oWo amhÿZ nmo_|S>rÀ`m Ka g§gmamH$S>o cj XoUo ÌmgmMo hmoD$ cmJco. KaMr eoVrdmS>r, ImoVrMr H$m_o Am{U Ÿ2 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Ym{_©H$ d§ena§namJV O~m~Xmè`m `mH$S>o cj XoÊ`mgmR>r d{S>cm§À`m nümV H$moUrVar nmo_|S>r `oWo amhmUo JaOoMo Pmco hmoVo. KaÀ`m XodmMr nyOm Am{U eoVrdmS>r gm§^miÊ`mgmR>r EImÚm ^mdmcm Kar R>odm`Mo Am{U ~mH$sÀ`m§Zr Ë`mcm `Wmeº$s _XV H$am`Mr hm Ë`m doiMm [admO hmoVm. Ë`mcm AZwgê$Z {dîUwn§V ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z Ka g§gmamgmR>r nmo_|S>rcm `oD$Z am{hco. {dîUwn§Vm§Mm {ddmh qMMIar, Vm.aËZm{Jar `oWrc JmoS>~moco Hw$Qw>§~mVrc EH$m gwerc H$Ý`oer Pmcm. c¾mZ§Va gm¡.cú_r~mBªÀ`m nmdcmZo {dîUwn§Vm§À`m Kar IamoIaM cú_rÀ`m AmJ_ZmMr Mmhÿc cmJcr. `m XmånË`mcm cú_U Am{U JUoe Ago XmoZ _wcJo Am{U EH$ H$Ý`maËZ cm^co. h[an§Vm§À`m nËZrMo Zmd gm¡.AmZ§Xr~mB© hmoVo Am{U Ë`m§Zm "AZgy`m' hr EH$_od H$Ý`m hmoVr. {hMm {ddmh lr.Zmam`U Ho$ed amZS>o `m§À`mer Pmcm. Zmam`Uamd ho nwÊ`mÀ`m lrgX²Jwê$ ~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo {eî` hmoVo. hm {ddmh åhUOo {Z`VrÀ`m `moOZoVrc EH$ ^mJM hmoVm ho nwT>rc KQ>ZmH«$_mdê$Z cjmV `oB©c. {dîUwn§V Am{U h[an§Vm§Zr hmVmV hmV KmcyZ H$ï> H$ê$Z Amnë`m hþemarZo Am{U H$V©~JmarZo Amnë`m Hw$Qw>§~mcm D${O©VmdñWm AmUcr. eoVrdmS>rMm ngmam dmT>cm. nmo_|S>rV Mma Kao Pmcr. {edm` aËZm{Jarcmhr XmoZ B_maVr Cä`m am{hë`m. nmo_|S>r JmdmÀ`m YS>o dmQ>nmMo H$m_ {dîUwn§Vm§Zr nyU© Ho$co. JmdmVrc Xodim§Mo OrUm}Õma Ho$co. aËZm{Jar, H$moVdS>o, hmVrg, Q>|~o, ZmMUo, IoS>Hw$ir, qMÐdcr Aem AmOy~mOyÀ`m JmdmVyZ O_rZ Ow_co IaoXr Ho$co. `m gdmªhÿZ _hÎdmMo åhUOo nmo_|S>rcm KamcJVM, Amnë`m Cnmñ` X¡dVmMo, lram_m§Mo EH$ _§{Xa ~m§Yco. _§{XamÀ`m C^maUr~amo~aM {ZË`nyOm, H$mH$S> AmaVr gwê$ Pmcr. lram_ Zd_rMm CËgd gwê$ Pmcm. hm CËgd JwT>rnmS>ì`mnmgyZ nwT>o Xhm {Xdg _moR>çm WmQ>m_mQ>mZo gmOam ìhm`Mm. AmaË`m, ^modË`m, H$sV©Z-nwamU, _§ÌOmJa Aem H$m`©H«$_m§Mm _moR>m AmZ§X-H$„moi hmoB©. ZmVodmB©H$, ñZohrgmo~Vr, gcJrVrc à{V{ð>>V ì`mnmar, gaH$mar A§_cXma Am{U AWm©VM JmdH$ar _§S>itÀ`m ^aJƒ CnpñWVrZo H$m`©H«$_mcm emo^m `m`Mr. n§MH«$moerVrc ^OZr _§S>ir Xodmg_moa hOoar cmdm`Mr. am_Zd_rÀ`m {Xder Xwnmar am_OÝ_mMm gmohim Ago. Zm_d§V h[aXmg~wdm am_OÝ_mMo Am»`mZ cmdm`Mo Am{U Ë`m§À`mM hñVo lram_m§Mr ~mc_yVu e¥§Jmacoë`m nmiÊ`mV KmVcr Om`Mr. M¡Ì ewŸ&& Xe_rÀ`m {Xder Xwnmar _hmàgmX Ago. nwaUnmoirMm Z¡doÚ Ago. àgmXmcm hOmamo cmoH$ `m`Mo Am{U V¥á hmoD$Z Om`Mo. nwaU dmQ>Ê`mgmR>r EH$ _moR>o cmH$S>r `§Ìhr Img CËgdmÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo ~Z{dÊ`mV Amco hmoVo. EH§$XarV hm CËgd åhUOo {dîUwn§V Am{U h[an§V `m ~§YwÛ`m§À`m am_^º$sMo, Am¡Xm`m©Mo, Am{VÏ`ercVoMo Am{U Eoœ`m©Mo àVrH$ ~Zcm hmoVm. Omoer ho JmdMo ImoV KamUo. Ë`m§Mo d¡^d {Xgm_mgr d¥qÕJV hmoV hmoVo. KamV Amë`mJoë`mMr dX©i Agm`Mr. ZmVodmB©H$, ñZohr-gmo~Vr, n¡-nmhþUo, gaH$mar A§_cXma, H$WoH$ar, {\$añVo Ago ZmZm Omoer Hw$im§_mOt.. / 3

VèhoMo, ZmZm ñVamMo cmoH$ Omoer Hw$Qw>§~r`m§À`m AmXam{VÏ`mZo V¥á hmoV hmoVo. {dîUwn§V Am{U h[an§V Amë`m-Joë`mMo AJË`mZo ñdmJV H$am`cm VËna AgV. AmdH$ dmT>V hmoVr. eoVrMm ngmam dmT>V hmoVm. n§Mdrg-Vrg I§S>r ^mV Kar `oV hmoVo. {edm` ZmMUr, daB©, Hw$irW, nmdQ>o Aer YmÝ`oH$S>YmÝ`o {nH$V hmoVrM. JmoR>çmV Vrg-Mmirg OZmdao hmoVr. XwYmgmR>r JmB©-åher, eoVrgmR>r, ~¡cJmS>rgmR>r Yï>nwï> ~¡cOmoS>çm, chmZ _moR>r dmgao `m§Zr JmoR>m ^acocm Ago. Ho$di Jwamdmgam§Mo H$aÊ`mgmR>r VrZ-Mma Om§Kir (JwamIr) AgV. KaH$m_mgmR>r Am{U eoVmV am~Umam JS>çm-_mocH$aUtMm Vm\$m doJimM ! EH§$XarV JmoHw$imgma»`m ^acoë`m KamV {dîUwn§Vm§Mm g§gma gwImZo Mmccocm hmoVm. {dîUwn§Vm§À`m Wmoaë`m _wcmZo åhUOo lr. cú_U {dîUy§Zrhr d{H$crV Zmd H$_mdÊ`mgmR>r 1901 gmcr hm`H$moQ>© d{H$crMm \$m°_© ^acm hmoVm. XwX£dmZo d{S>cm§à_mUoM Ë`m§À`mhr Z{e~r d{H$cr ì`dgm` {c{hcocm ZìhVm. cú_U {dîUy§Mr nËZr Ë`m doir ZmJnya `oWo (~hþYm _mhoar) Jococr hmoVr. Vr VoWo AmOmar Pmcr Am{U {VMr àH¥$Vr nmhmÊ`mgmR>r ZmJnyacm Jococo cú_U {dîUy VoWo Joë`mda ñdV:M AmOmar Pmco. Aën AmOmamMo {Z{_Îm hmoD$Z Vo 1901 gmcrM ZmJnya _w¸$m_r {ZYZ nmdco. lr.JUoe {dîUy ho {dîUwn§Vm§Mo H${Zð> {Ma§Ord. Ë`m§Zr ~r.E.n`ªV {ejU KoVco hmoVo. na§Vw dS>rc ~§Yy cú_U {dîUy§À`m AH$mcr {ZYZmZ§Va nmo_|S>r `oWrc eoVrdmS>rMr, {_iH$VrMr Am{U _mc_ÎmoMr ì`dñWm nmhmÊ`mgmR>r VoWo amhÿZ Ka g§gma nmhmUo `m{edm` Ë`m§À`mg_moa AÝ` n`m©`M ZìhVm. AË`§V lÕmiy, Ym{_©H$ d¥ÎmrMo, gË`{Zð>, _¥Xy A§V:H$aUmMo, AmMma {dMma g§nÞ Ago JUoe {dîUy ""åhUm¡Zr gmdYmZnUo & àn§M na_mW© MmcdU|Ÿ&'' `m g_W© Cº$sà_mUo g§gmamMm JmS>m ZoQ>Ho$nUmZo hmH$sV hmoVo. aËZm{JarÀ`m lr. h[a^mD$ Jmoao d{H$cm§À`m _wcr~amo~a JUoen§Vm§Mm {ddmh Pmcm. nËZrMo Zmd gm¡.a_m~mB© Ago hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm _hmXod, XÎmmÌo`, {dR>m~mB© Am{U Zmam`U Aer Mma _wco Pmcr Am{U gm¡.a_m~mBªMo AH$mcr {ZYZ Pmco. n{hë`m nËZrÀ`m {ZYZmZ§Va JUoen§Vm§Mm Xwgam {ddmh gmo_oœa (Vm.aËZm{Jar) `m JmdÀ`m lr.Zmam`U XmOr gmodZr `m§Mr _wcJr J§Jy {hO~amo~a Pmcm. c¾mZ§Va {VMo Zmd OmZH$s Ago R>odÊ`mV Amco. JUoen§V Am{U gm¡.OmZH$s~mB© `m§Zm H$Ý`maËZ àmá Pmco. _wcrMo Zmd H¥$îUm~mB© R>odÊ`mV Amco; na§Vw XwX£dmZo H¥$îUm~mB© d`mÀ`m Mm¡Ï`m dfuM {ZYZ nmdcr. `mM Xaå`mZ Omoer Hw$cmMm ^m½`moX` H$aUmar EH$ KQ>Zm KS>cr. A¸$cH$moQ>{Zdmgr lrgX²Jwê$ ñdm_r g_W© _hmamOm§Mo AZwJ«{hV {eî` lr~rS>H$a _hmamO ho nwUo _w¸$m_r amhÿZ lrñdm_r g§àXm`mMr na§nam nwT>o MmcdV hmoVo. Ë`m§Mm {eî`-n[adma \$ma _moR>m hmoVm. Ë`mVrc AJ«JÊ` Ago lr am_M§Ð AßnmOr VWm lr~m~m _hmamO ghò~wÕo ho lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo {eî` AÜ`mË_mVrc _hmZ A{YH$mar nwéf hmoVo. lr~rS>H$a _hmamO Ë`m§Zm "amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm' Ÿ4 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Amho Ago H$m¡VwH$mZo åhUV AgV. lr~m~m _hmamO ghò~wÕo {dÚmWu XeonmgyZM lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m H¥$nmN>ÌmImcr dmT>co. Vo ñWmnË` A{^`m§{ÌH$s emIoMo nXdrYa hmoVo. gaH$mar gmd©O{ZH$ ~m§YH$m_ ImË`mV Amoìha{gAa åhUyZ ZmoH$ar H$arV hmoVo. na§Vw gX¡d AmË_ñdê$nmÀ`m Ü`mZmV, qMVZmV Vo _¾ AgV. ~mø cm¡{H$H$ OJmMo, ì`dhmamMo ^mZ Ë`m§Zm AZoH$ doim Zgo. na§Vw lrgX²Jwê$ ~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mm daXhñV gX¡d _ñVH$s Agë`m_wio Ë`m§Mr ZmoH$ar ì`dpñWVnUo Mmcy hmoVr. Xoh qhS>Vgo Amnw{c`m nar & ^mgo dar dar Eog| OZm && nar _mZgVo hmodmoZr CÝ_Z & gXm Mmco Ü`mZ AmË_`mMo && Aer Ë`m§Mr AdñWm hmoVr. lrgX²Jwê$ ~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m nwT>mH$mamZo 1910 gmcr lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mm {ddmh OwÞaÀ`m lr.{dîUwn§V ~moS>g `m§Mr H$Ý`m XwJm© {hO~amo~a Pmcm. {ddmhmZ§Va cJoMM Ë`m§Mr ~Xcr aËZm{Jar `oWo Pmcr. "ajmd`m gd©Ì {ZO{eî`m' ho lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo ~«rX hmoVo. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr aËZm{Jarcm lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mr H$moR>o gmo` hmoD$ eHo$c, AmnwcH$sZo Ë`m§À`mH$S>o H$moU cj XoB©c, Ë`m§Mr ^mdmdñWm cjmV KoD$Z Ë`m§Zm H$moU gm§^mioc `mMm emoY gwê$ Ho$cm. lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mo œewa lr.{dîUwn§V ~moS>g ho OwÞacm Am°Zaar _°{OñQ´>oQ> hmoVo. aËZm{JarMo lr.h[an§V Omoer dH$sc ho Ë`m§Mo Mm§Jco ñZohr hmoVo. Omoer Hw$Qw>§~r`m§Mr Ë`m§Zm Mm§Jcr _m{hVr hmoVr. Amnë`m Omd`mcm _wcmà_mUo Vo gm§^miVrc `mMr Ë`m§Zm ImÌr hmoVr. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm lr.h[an§V Omoí`m§Mo Zmd gwM{dco Am{U lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m AZwkoZo lr~m~m _hmamO aËZm{Jarcm h[an§V Omoí`m§À`m Kar amhm`cm Amco. lr.h[an§V Am{U Ë`m§Mo ~§Yy lr.{dîUwn§V `m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~r` _§S>itZr lr~m~m _hmamOm§Zm AJXr KaÀ`mà_mUo gm§^mico. Ë`m Wmoa gËnwéfmMr {Zanoj godm Omoer Hw$Qw>§~r`m§H$Sy>Z KS>cr. Vr ewÕ godm B©œaMaUr VgoM gX²>JwéMaUr éOy Pmcr Am{U Am{œZ ewŸ&& Aï>_r, eH$ 1834; n[aYmdr Zm_ g§dËga, Jwédma, {X. 17 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 1912 amoOr nmo_|S>r (~w &&) `oWo lr.JUoen§V Am{U gm¡.OmZH$s~mB© `m§Zm nwÌaËZmMm cm^ Pmcm. nwÌmMo Zmd {dÇ>c R>odÊ`mV Amco. ho lr{dÇ>c JUoe Omoer åhUOoM gX²>Jwê$ lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO ! D D D

Omoer Hw$im§_mOt.. / 5

àH$aU : 2

{Xg _mg dmT>o Ÿ& ~mi gwcjU Ÿ&& gmV-AmR> dfmªMo hmoB©n`ªV lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mo dmñVì` nmo_|S>rcm hmoVo. `m H$mimVM lr_hmamOm§Mr nmR>Mr ~hrU JmoXmdar Am{U gdmªV YmH$Q>m ^mD$ Ho$ed `m§Mm OÝ_ Pmcm. gdm©V _moR>r ~hrU H¥$îUm~mB© AmYrM Jocr hmoVr. XwX£dmZo Ho$edhr Aënm`wfr R>acm. d`mÀ`m Ho$di {Vgè`m dfuM Ë`mZo BhcmoH$ gmoS>cm. JUoen§Vm§Mo n{hë`m nËZrnmgyZMo VrZ _wcJo, _hmXod, XÎmmÌo` Am{U Zmam`U Ago hmoVo. JUoen§Vm§Mo MwcVo lr.h[an§V gImam_ Omoer `m§Zm EH$_od "AZgy`m' hr _wcJr hmoVr; na§Vw _wcJm ZìhVm. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m nwVÊ`mMm åhUOo lr.JUoe {dîUy `m§Mm "XÎmmÌo`' hm _wcJm XÎmH$ KoVcm Am{U Ë`mMo Zmd "lrYa' Ago R>odco. åhUOoM "XÎmmÌo` JUoe' ho "lrYa har' `m ZmdmZo AmoiIco OmD$Z Ë`m§Mo KamVrc gdmªerM ZmVo ~Xcco. lr_hmamOm§Mm hm Á`oð> gmdÌ ^mD$ AmVm Zì`m ZmË`mZo Ë`m§Mm MwcV H$mH$m Pmcm. lr_hmamOm§À`m nmo_|S>rÀ`m KaMo dmVmdaU Ë`m H$miÀ`m H$moUË`mhr IoS>oJmdmVrc Kamà_mUoM g§nyU© Ym{_©H$, WmoS>o\$ma H$_©R>M hmoVo. gmodioAmodio H$S>H$ hmoVo. ~mhoê$Z Amë`mda H$nS>o ~XcyZ ñZmZ H$ê$ZM KamV `m`Mo ! nyOm-AMm©, d«Vd¡H$ë`o, gUdma, àWm-na§nam `m§Mo _moR>o àñW hmoVo. XwnmaMm Z¡doÚmMm ñd`§nmH$ gmodù`mZo ìhm`MmM; nU amÌm¡gwÕm ñd`§nmH$ gmodù`mZoM hmoB©. ho gmodio nmo_|S>rÀ`m Kamà_mUo aËZm{Jar `oWrc lr.har gImam_ `m§À`m Karhr {Zð>mnyd©H$ nmico Om`Mo. `m gmodù`m-Amodù`mÀ`m g§X^m©V lr_hmamO, lr.AemoH$amd Omoet (lr_hmamOm§Mo CÎmam{YH$mar lrH$mH$m _hmamO) `m§Zm EH$ J_VrXma AmR>dU gm§Jm`Mo. lrH$mH$m _hmamOm§Mo AmOmo~m åhUOo hþVmË_m Ho$edamd _hmXod Omoer ho aËZm{Jar `oWoM Amnë`m d{S>cm§À`m _¥Ë`yZ§Va Amnë`m _mVmoltg_doV {ejUmgmR>r am{hco hmoVo. aº$mMo ZmVodmB©H$ H$aUma ZmhrV Aer _XV lr.har gImam_ `m§Zr `m _m`coH$am§Zm Ho$cr hmoVr. nwT>o lr.Ho$ed _hmXod Amnë`m hþemarZo, H$ï>mZo Ë`mM aËZm{JarV _m_coXma Pmco. EH$ {ZamlrV _wcJm _moR>m gaH$mar A§_cXma Pmcm `mMo _moR>o H$m¡VwH$ lr.har gImam_ `m§À`m gmè`m KamXmamcm hmoVo. Ë`m_wio _m_coXmagmho~ Ë`m§À`m Kar Amco H$s Ë`m§Zm _mÌ h[an§Vm§À`m nËZr gm¡.AmZ§Xr~mB© `m§À`m hmVMr "Am_Q>r' MmIÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m gmodù`m ñd`§nmH$KamV _wº$ àdoe hmoVm. `m F$UmZw~§Ym§À`m Jmoï>r AmhoV. ho ~§Y nwT>o VrZ-VrZ {nT>çm§n`ªV dmT>V OmUma AmhoV ho \$º$ {Z`VrcmM _mhrV hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Mo dS>rc lr.JUoen§V AË`§V {ddoH$s, ì`dhmaXj Am{U cmKdr ñd^mdmMo hmoVo. ImoVr Am{U eoVrdmS>rMm ì`mn _moR>m hmoVm. Amcm-Jocm, n¡-nmhþUm `m§Mr dX©i ^anya. Xwnmar ^moOZmMr Ÿ6 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

nmZo KoD$Z Pmcr H$s, H$moUr A{VWr-Aä`mJV `oVmo Amho H$m `mMr WmoS>m doi dmQ> nmhÿZ _JM Oodm`cm ~gÊ`mMm ImZXmZr [admO Ë`m Kar AmdOy©Z nmicm Om`Mm. n§JVrcm ~hþVoH$ Zoh_rM Ago H$moUrVar `md`mMo hohr R>acoco ! H$maU lr.JUoen§Vm§Mm cmoH$g§J«h _moR>m hmoVm. lr.JUoen§V Ho$di EohrH$ JmoîQ>rV a_coco ZìhVo Va Ë`m§Mr AmÜ`mpË_H$ CnmgZmhr {Z`{_V hmoVr. lram_mMr Am{U lrhZw_§Vm§Mr CnmgZm Ë`m§Zr A{Ve` {Zð>oZo Am{U H$R>moanUo Ho$cocr hmoVr. CnmgZm ho Ë`m KamÊ`mMo d¡{eîQ>ç hmoVo. lr.har gImam_ ho OmÁdë` {edmonmgH$ hmoVo. lre§H$amcm {~ëdXc dm{hë`m{edm` Vo AÞJ«hU H$arV ZgV. H$YrH$Yr `m d«Vm_wio Cndmghr KS>o; na§Vw Aem H$R>moa d«Vm§_wioM Ë`m§À`m A§Jr {dcjU AmÜ`mpË_H$ gm_Ï`© hmoVo.Ë`m doiMr EH$ Am»`m{`H$m gm§JVmV. lr.JUoen§Vm§Zm `m Zm Ë`m H$m_mÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo AYyZ_YyZ aËZm{Jarcm Omdo cmJo. H$Yr naVm`cm Cera hmoB©. dmQ> {Z_©Zwî`, KmQ>r S>m|JamMr Am{U Ë`mV H$mimoI; Aem doir lr.JUoen§Vm§Zm gmo~Vrcm {Xdm KoD$Z {nemM `moZrVrc H$moUr EH$ AmË_m `oB© Am{U gr_on`ªV nmoMdyZ XoB©. {deof åhUOo Vmo _¥VmË_m _wñcr_ Y_u` ì`º$sMm hmoVm. gr_oncrH$S>o Kamn`ªV nwÝhm Xwgao {nemM AerM nmR>amIU H$ar. `m Am»`m{`Ho$dê$Z am_^º$ lr.JUoen§Vm§À`m A{YH$mamMr H$ënZm `mdr. lr_hmamOm§Mo ~mcnU Aem A{YH$mar Am{U g§nÞ {nË`mÀ`m ZOaoImcr Joco; Var Vmo ~minUrMm H$mi gwImMm ImgM Zgmdm. AJXr chmZ d`mVM Ë`m§Zm OcmoXamMm {dH$ma Pmcm Am{U Ë`mVyZ OUy Ë`m§Mm nwZO©Ý_ Pmcm. nwT>o EH$Xm IoiVmZm ^«y_Ü`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr Q>moH$Xma H$mR>r Kwgcr. OI_ Imoc hmoVr Am{U n[apñWVr J§^ra hmoVr. Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§À`m MwcV AmOr gm¡.AmZ§Xr~mB© (lr.har gImam_ `m§À`m nËZr) gVV VrZ {Xdg lr_hmamOm§Zm _m§S>rda KoD$Z ~gcoë`m hmoË`m. Ë`m§À`m ewlyfoZo lr_hmamO ~ao Pmco. hr AmR>dU gm§JVmZm lr_hmamO Zoh_r hido hmoV. Ë`m§Mo A§V:H$aU ^ê$Z `oB©. lr_hmamOm§À`m `m AmOr~mB© A{Ve` ào_i Am{U godm^mdr d¥ÎmrÀ`m hmoË`m. Voìhm IoS>oJmdmV S>m°ŠQ>a-d¡Ú CncãY Zgm`Mo. Aem doir `m AmOr~mBªMm ~Q>dmM gdmªgmR>r AmYma Agm`Mm. IoS>oJmdmV pñÌ`m§Mo ~mi§VnU åhUOo nwZO©Ý_M Agm`Mm. H$mhr AS>MU Amcr, ~mi§VrU AS>cr Va `m AmOr~mB© hmVmVco H$m_ ~mOyg R>odyZ, amÌr-AnamÌrgwÕm VoWo Ymd KoD$Z ~mi-~mi§{VUrMr gwIê$n gwQ>H$m H$am`À`m. Aem doir JmdHw$gmÀ`m ~mhoa harOZ dñVrVgwÕm `m H$m_mgmR>r Ë`m AJË`mZo Om`À`m. lr_hmamOm§À`m _ZmV AZoH$ df} a|JmiUmao "_moR>çm gwg‚m hm°pñnQ>c'Mo ñdßZ chmZnUr Ë`m§Zr nm{hcoë`m `m Amnë`m AmOr~mBªÀ`m godmd¥ÎmrVyZ OÝ_mcm Amco Agmdo. _moR>r ~hrU H¥$îUm~mB© Jocr, Voìhm lr_hmamO AOmU d`mV hmoVo. _mÌ YmH$Q>m ^mD$ Ho$edhr AgmM AH$mcr Jocm. nmR>monmR> M¡Ì ew && gá_r eH$ 1846 `m {Xder lr_hmamOm§À`m _mVmoltMo {ZYZ Pmco. Voìhm lr_hmamO nyU© ~mam dfmªMohr ZìhVo. `m d`mV AmB© ho _wcmÀ`m ^md{dœmMo gd©ñd {Xg _mg dmT>o.. / 7

AgVo. AmB©À`m {ZYZmMo Xw:I lr_hmamOm§Zm Vrd«nUo OmUdUo ho gmh{OH$M hmoVo. AIoaÀ`m AmOmanUmV AmB©Mr XoI^mc ZrQ> Pmcr Zmhr, hoigm§S> Pmcr, Aer I§V lr_hmamO H$YrVar EImÚm Xw{_©i jUr AJXr Ordm^mdmÀ`m _mUgmOdi ì`º$ H$am`Mo. Ë`m doir pñÌ`m§À`m Z{e~r `oUmao ho XwXd£ r ^moJ hr KamKamVrc H$hmUr hmoVr. _mOKamVrc A§YmamVyZ Vr H$Yr gy`à© H$memV Amcr Zmhr. lr_hmamOm§Zr, S>m°.h[a^mD$ AmR>ë`o `m Amnë`m {Zð>md§V {eî`mcm {X.2.11.1966 amoOr {c{hcoë`m EH$m nÌmV, Vr I§V AàË`jnUo àH$Q> Pmcr Amho. lr_hmamO {c{hVmV, ""nËZr åhUOo h_mc dm JS>r Zìho. Vr J¥hcú_r d J¥hg_«mkr Amho. {Vcm Oa nXmonXr Xw:ImñnX d AdhocZoMr dmJUyH$ {_imcr Va J¥h ho J¥h Z amhmVm Vo H$m§Vma hmoB©c `mMr OmUrd R>odm. nËZr hr gIr, {_Ì Amho, g{Md Amho ....'' Amnë`m AmB©cm {_iUmè`m dmJUwH$s_wio Vo ì`{WV ìhm`Mo; amJdm`Mo, ÌmJm H$am`Mo. _mÌ AmB© Amnë`m gmoerH$ ñd^mdmZwgma lr_hmamOm§Zm Odi KoD$Z g_Omdm`Mr H$s, ""~mim ao ! Agm {MSy> ZH$mo, amJmdy ZH$mo, gdmªer Mm§Jcm dmJ !'' _mVmoltMo Am¡Üd©X{o hH$ lr_hmamOm§ZrM Amnë`m hmVmZo Ho$co. gm¡.OmZH$s~mB© `m§Mr gm¡^m½`coUr (~m§JS>çm Am{U _§JigyÌ) VgoM nmVimÀ`m {Zè`m Am{U AmoQ>rMm Zmai ho {MVo_Ü`o gwpñWVrV gmnS>>co. Ë`m§À`m nm{Vd«Ë`mMr hr gmj hmoVr. H¡$.gm¡.OmZH$s~mBªMo _mhoa "gmo_oœa' ho nmo_|S>rOdiM H$mOir ZXrÀ`m në`mS>Mo Jmd. ho gmo_oœaMo "gmodZr' åhUOo lr_hmamOm§Mo _mVwc KamUo; AË`§V Ym{_©H$ Am{U gX²>Jwê§$Mm daXhñV cm^coco Ago hmoVo. `m "dËg' JmoÌr gmodZr KamÊ`mVrc lr.Ym|S>mon§V gmodZr ho lr_hmamOm§Mo ImnanUOmo~m. Ë`m§Mo {Ma§Ord åhUOoM lr_hmamOm§Mo nUOmo~m, lr.XmOr gmodZr ho A¸$cH$moQ>cm Xe©ZmgmR>r Joco AgVm, VoWo lrñdm_r g_WmªZr àgmX åhUyZ XmoZ ImaH$m Ë`m§À`m hmVmda R>odë`m. Ë`m àgmXmZo lr.XmOr gmodZtZm XmoZ _wcJo Pmco. _moR>o Zmam`U (lr_hmamOm§Mo _mVm_h-AmOmo~m) Am{U JmoqdX. Zmam`U Am{U JmoqdX ho XmoKohr ~§Yy H$Zm©Q>H$mV ZmoH$argmR>r Jococo hmoVo. VoWo Ë`m§Zm lr n§V ~mioHw§$Ðr _hmamOm§Mm H¥$nmerdm©X {_imcm hmoVm. lr_hmamOm§À`m _mVmolr Am{U Ë`m§Mo _m_m lr.Zahar Zmam`U gmodZr `m§Mmhr OÝ_ H$Zm©Q>H$mVM Pmcm. _hmamOm§À`m `m _m_m§Mo _°Q´>rH$n`ªV {ejU Pmcoco hmoVo. Vohr A{Ve` gXmMmar, Ym{_©H$ d¥ÎmrMo, lÕmiy hmoVo. lr_méVr Am{U lrJUnVr hr Ë`m§Mr Cnmñ` X¡dVo. Jar~ JaOy _wcm§Zm Vo {dZm_yë` _mJ©Xe©Z H$arV. lr_hmamOm§À`m VrZ _mdem hmoË`m. _moR>çm _mder M§nVw mB© `m Zm§{XdS>çmÀ`m _hmXod dm_Z OmoJ `m§À`m nËZr Va _Yë`m ÛmaH$m~mBªMm {ddmh AmgwX (Xmnmocr) `oWrc lr.cú_Uamd {~dcH$a `m§À`mer Pmcm hmoVm. YmH$Q>çm H$merVmB© gmo_œo a JmdmVrcM Ho$iH$a KamÊ`mVrc lr._hmXod Zmam`U `m§À`m nËZr. `m _mVwc KamÊ`mVrc gmodZr Hw$Qw~>§ r`m§Zr `m Amnë`m ZmVdmda Iyn _m`m Ho$cr. AmB© Joë`mda lr_hmamO AZoH$ doim Amnë`m AmOmoir OmD$Z amhm`Mo. ^md§S>m§Mo _¥Ë`y, AmB©Mo {ZYZ Aem Jmoï>tZr Ë`m chmZ d`mVM lr_hmamO H$mhrgo A§V_w©I Pmco 8 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

hmoVo. VrZ _moR>o ^mD$ Am{U ~hrU Agcr Var _hmamOm§Mo Iao _¡Ì Owico hmoVo Vo g»Ir YmH$Q>r ~hrU JmoXmdar {hÀ`mer ! qH$dm H$Xm{MV AmnUmcm OmUdUmao _mV¥{d`moJmMo Xw:I Amnë`m YmH$Q>çm ~{hUrcm OmñVM OmUdV AgUma `m Om{UdoZo lr_hmamO {Vcm \w$cmgmaIo OnV AgmdoV. H$maU H$mhr Agmo, na§Vw JmoXmdar lr_hmamOm§Mr A{Ve` cmS>H$s hmoVr. lr_hmamOm§Zm ~mcd`mVM B©œamonmgZoMm N>§X cmJcm hmoVm. KameoOmar AmOmo~m§Zr lram_ _§{Xa ~m§Yco hmoVo, hrgwÕm B©œar `moOZmM hmoVr. `m am_ _§{XamV lram_m§Mr CnmgZm H$aÊ`mV lr_hmamO X§J hmoD$Z OmV. lrhZw_§Vm§gmaIr ~cmonmgZm H$ê$Z Xwï>m§Mo {ZXm©cZ H$amdo Ago Ë`m§Zm dmQ>o. "_Z ho am_ a§Jr a§Jco' Aer AdñWm Pmë`m_wio AmnUmer YZwî`~mU KoD$Z Ioim`cm `mdo Ago gmH$S>o Vo lrà^y am_M§Ðm§Zm KmcrV Am{U ñdV: lrà^y am_M§Ð `m Amnë`m {ZamJg ^º$mMm hÅ> nwadrV. lr_hmamOm§À`m d¥Îmr_Ü`o EH$ OÝ_OmV d¡am½` hmoVo. Ë`m§Mm qnS> AmÜ`mpË_H$ hmoVm. Ë`m_wio _ZmMm H$c IoiÊ`m-~mJS>Ê`mEodOr _ZZ-qMVZmV a_Ê`mMm hmoVm. nyOm-AMm©, gX²J«§Wm§Mo dmMZ `mMr AmdS> hmoVr. g§V-gËnwéfm§À`m ^oQ>rMr _ZmV Vrd« BÀN>m hmoVr. _amR>r n{hcr B`Îmm nmo_|S>rÀ`m emioV Pmë`mda Xwgè`m B`ÎmonmgyZ Ë`m§Zm aËZm{Jarcm gaH$mar hm`ñHy$c_Ü`o KmcÊ`mV Amco. B§J«Or VrZ B`Îmm nQ>dY©Z {_S>cñHy$c_YyZ Ho$ë`mda nwT>o B§J«Or ghmdrn`ªVMo {ejU nwÝhm gaH$mar hm`ñHy$c_YyZ nyU© Ho$co. A{Ve` Hw$emJ« ~w{Õ_Îmm, _ycJm_r {dMma H$aÊ`mMr j_Vm, ^mfodaVr {dcjU à^wËd, ho gmao JwU AgyZhr lr_hmamOm§Mo _Z gmMo~Õ emco` {ejUmV a_co Zmhr. H«${_H$ nwñVH$m§nojm gËnwéfm§Mr M[aÌo dmMUo Ë`m§Zm OmñV AmdS>m`Mo. g§V gËnwéfm§À`m Xe©ZmMr AmoT> Ë`m§Zm cmJcr hmoVr. nmT>o nmR> H$aÊ`mnojm Zm_ñ_aU H$aUo Ë`m§Zm A{YH$ _hÎdmMo dmQ>V hmoVo. Ioimnojmhr, nyOm-AMm© Am{U B©œa qMVZmMr AmoT> cmJcr hmoVr. _mJo C„o{Icoc,o lr_hmamOm§À`m MwcV AmË`m gm¡.AZgy`m `m§Mo `O_mZ lr.Zmam`U Ho$ed amZS>o `m§À`mOdi Ë`m§Zm lrgX²Jêw $ ~rS>H$a _hmamO `m§Mo M[aÌ dmMmd`mcm {_imco. lr.amZS>o ho lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo {eî` hmoVo. Vo lr_hmamOm§Zm lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m H$Wm gm§JV. Ë`m_wio lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§{df`r Anma Am¡ËgwŠ` Am{U ^º$s lr_hmamOm§À`m _ZmV {Z_m©U Pmcr, Xe©ZmMr AmoT> cmJcr. EH$Xm lrg§V Zmam`U _hmamO Ho$S>JmdH$a `m§Mo aËZm{Jar ehamV AmJ_Z Pmco hmoVo. lr_hmamO Voìhm 12-13 dfmªMo hmoVo. g§V-gËnwéfm§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r AmVwa Pmcoë`m lr_hmamOm§Zr VmVS>rZo VoWo OmD$Z Ë`m§Mo Xe©Z KoVco. lrg§V Zmam`U _hmamOm§Zrhr `m ~mc_yVuMr AJË`mZo XIc KoVcr. lr\$i hmVr XoD$Z, _ñVH$s daXhñV R>odyZ Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm ew^merdm©X {Xco. AgmM AmUIr EH$ gwdU©`moJ lr_hmamOm§Zm cdH$aM cm^cm. lrg§V JmS>J~o m~m EH$Xm aËZm{Jarcm Amco hmoVo. aËZm{Jarcm _méVrÀ`m XodimOdi ~oS>} ZmdmMo EH$ d¡í`dmUr J¥hñW lr JmS>Jo~m~m§Mo ^º$ hmoVo. Ë`m§À`mM Kar lr JmS>Jo~m~m _w¸$m_mcm hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Zr d{S>cm§Mr nadmZJr KoVcr {Xg _mg dmT>o.. / 9

Am{U Vo _méVr AmirVrc ~oS>çmªÀ`m Kar Amco. lr JmS>Jo~m~m H$moUmcm nm`mcm hmV cmdyZ Z_ñH$ma dJ¡ao H$ê$ XoV ZgV. AJXr hOmam|À`m g_wXm`mg_moa H$sV©Z H$aVmZmhr, H$sV©Z g§nVmg§nVm ^OZmMm H$„moi CR>dyZ, H$moUmcmhr nm`mcm hmV cmdyZ Z_ñH$ma H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr Z XoVm, {eî` g_wXm`mVyZ JmS>Jo~m~m AcJX Xya {ZKyZ OmV. Ë`mVyZhr H$moUr AmJ§VwH$nUo nwT>o KwgyZ nm`mda S>moHo$ R>odÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cmM Va hmVmVrc H$mR>rMm àhma Aem ZmR>mi ^º$mÀ`m _mÏ`mda R>acocmM ! Ë`m_wio gd©OU Ë`m§Zm Xwê$ZM d§XZ H$arV. lr_hmamO Ooìhm ~oS>} `m§À`m Kar Joco, Ë`m doir lr JmS>Jo~m~m EH$m ImocrV EH$m§VmV Ü`mZ, qMVZ H$arV ~gcoco hmoVo. lr_hmamO _mJrc XadmÁ`mZo AmdmO Z H$aVm JwnMyn lr JmS>Jo~m~m§À`m ImocrV nmohmoMco Am{U Ë`m§Zr lr JmS>Jo~m~m§Mo nm` Yaco. H$moUrVar Amnco nm` Yaco ho g_OVmM lr JmS>Jo~m~m EH$X_ amJmMm Am{d^m©d H$arV VmS>H$Z CR>co Am{U H$mR>rcm hmV KmcrV Ajae: H$S> m S> c o , ""H$mo U Amho Vo ? R> m a _mê$Z Q> m H$sZ !'' ^ë`m^ë`m§ M r JmiU CS> d Umè`m lr JmS>Jo~m~m§À`m H«$moYmZo Oamhr {dMcrV Z hmoVm lr_hmamO R>m_nUo nU A{Ve` _¥Xy ñdamV åhUmco, ""AmnU _mac§V Va _cm Amnë`m MaUr _mojM {_ioc.'' lr_hmamOm§Mo ho ^mdnyU©, {Zü`r CÎma EoHy$Z lr JmS>Jo~m~m§Mm amJmMm Am{d^m©d jUmV cwá Pmcm. Imcr dmHy$Z lr_hmamOm§Mr ~mc_yVu CR>dyZ Ë`m§Zr Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m Camer KÅ> H$dQ>mico. Ë`m§À`m _ñVH$mdê$Z dmËgë`mZo hmV {\$adrV Ë`m§Zr AJXr hiwdmanUo, H$m¡VHw $mZo {dMmaco, ""~mim Vwcm ho H$moUr {eH${dco ?'' lr_hmamO AJXr ghO ñdamV åhUmco, ""ho H$moUr {eH$dco Zmhr. _yiMoM Amho !'' `m CÎmamVrc {ZamJgVoZo Am{U àm_m{UH$nUmZo lr JmS>J~o m~m§Zm \$ma AmZ§X dmQ>cm. `m N>mQo >çm _yVucm H$m¡VHw $mZo Ý`mhmiV Ë`m§Zr Ë`mMr Mm¡H$er Ho$cr. Ë`mcm Amnë`m eoOmar ~gdyZ KoVco Am{U {dMmaco, ""~mi Vwcm H$m` nm{hOo ?'' lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""~m~m, _cm H$mhr ZH$mo. \$º$ _mÂ`m EH$m e§Ho$Mo {ZagZ H$amc H$m ?'' ""H$moUVr e§H$m Amho Vwcm ? H$m` Amho VwPm àý ?'' ""~m~m, H$mngmMm Xmoam Pmcm Amho, Ë`mcm \$maM nri nS>cm Amho. Vmo nri H$mTy>Z Ë`mMm nydd© V H$mnyg H$aVm `oBc © H$m ? AmnU _cm hr {dÚm {eH$dmc H$m ?'' lr JmS>Jo~m~m àgÞnUo hgco. Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm nwÝhm EH$Xm AmnmX_ñVH$ Amnë`m H¥$nmÑîQ>rZo Ý`mhmico. `m öX`rMr IyU Ë`m öX`r nQ>cr. lr_hmamOm§Mo XmoÝhr ~mhÿ Amnë`m XmoÝhr hmVr Yê$Z lr_hmamOm§À`m {dcjU nmUrXma Aem Ñï>rV Amncr Ñï>r pñWanUo amoIyZ R>m_nUo lr JmS>Jo~m~m åhUmco, ""~mi, hmoBc © ! Ë`m Xmoè`mMm nyd©dV H$mnyg {Z{üVM hmoB©c. Vo VwÂ`m ^m½`mVM {c{hcoco Amho. _wcm, VwPm XmVm _moR>m Amho. Vy H$miOr H$ê$ ZH$mog. Vwcm `mo½` doir Ë`m§À`m Xe©ZmMm cm^ hmoB©c.'' H¥$VmW© ^mdZoZo, g_mYmZmZo lr_hmamOm§Zr lr JmS>Jo~m~m§À`m nm`mda S>moHo$ R>odco. àgÞ _wÐoZo lr JmS>Jo~m~m§Zr Amerdm©X {Xcm Am{U lr_hmamOm§Zr An©U Ho$cocm Zmai àgmX åhUyZ 10 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

lr_hmamOm§À`m hmVr R>odcm. `m n{hë`m ^oQ>rV {Z_m©U Pmcoco ho Acm¡{H$H$ ZmVo nwTo d¥qÕJVM hmoV Joco. OoìhmOoìhm eŠ` hmoB© VoìhmVoìhm lr_hmamO lr JmS>Jo~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm AmdOy©Z OmV AgV. lr JmS>Jo~m~m§Mm _w¸$m_ AZoH$ doim _w§~B©cm H$mi~mXodr ^mJmV Ago. lr_hmamO _w§~B©cm Joco H$s _wÔm_ Ë`m§Zm ^oQ>Ê`mgmR>r H$mi~mXodrcm OmV. lr JmS>Jo~m~m§Zm AmdS>VmV åhUyZ gmo~V ^Orhr KoVcocr AgV. _J H$Yr {JaJmd Mm¡nmQ>r, H$Yr dairMm g_wÐ {H$Zmam qH$dm Xwgao EImXo em§V {Zdm§V ñWi nmhÿZ VoWo XmoKo AmOy~mOyMo OJ {dgê$Z AÜ`mË_{df`H$ MM}_Ü`o Jw§J hmoD$Z Om`Mo. EH$Xm AgoM XmoKohr dairÀ`m g_wÐ {H$Zmar Q>oH$S>rda {Zdm§V ~gco hmoVo. Ë`m {Xder lr JmS>Jo~m~m AË`§V àgÞ _Z:pñWVrV AZoH$ {df`m§da lr_hmamOm§er MMm© H$arV hmoVo. _Ü`oM Vo åhUmco, ""_r Vwcm EH$ J§_V XmI{dVmo. ~K _r VwÂ`m g_moaM Amho.'' ho H$mhrVar doJio KS>V Amho ho OmUyZ lr_hmamO gmdê$Z ~gVmhoV VmoM g_moa lr JmS>Jo~m~m§Mm Xoh _moR>m hmoV jUmYm©V lr JmS>Jo~m~m AmH$me ^oXyZ C^o AmhoV, Ë`m§À`m XohmZo A{V{damQ> ñdê$n YmaU Ho$co Amho, Ago lr_hmamOm§Zr nm{hco. _mZ C§MmdyZ, S>moio {dñ\$mê$Z lr_hmamO Ë`m§À`mH$S>o nmhmV AgVmZmM, lr JmS>Jo~m~m§À`m {R>H$mUr ""Ago ^r_H$m` AVr CJ«ê$n & hZw_§V Zm_o {Ma§Ord XoI &'' Ago AË`§V VoO:nw§O lrhZw_mZ {Xgy cmJco. Amnë`m Cnmñ` XodVoÀ`m A{V{damQ> àË`j Xe©ZmZo lr_hmamOm§À`m öX`mV AmZ§XmMo H$„moi CR>co. lrhZw_§Vm§Zm d§XZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r hmV OmoS>VmOmoS>Vm AmZ§XmÀ`m C_u A{Zdma hmoD$Z lr_hmamOm§Mo Xoh^mZ hanco. lr_hmamO ^mZmda Amco Voìhm Ë`m§Mo _ñVH$ lr JmS>Jo~m~m§À`m _m§S>rda {dgmdco hmoVo Am{U lr JmS>Jo~m~m AVrd _m`oZo Ë`m§Zm Hw$admiV hmoVo. AZoH$Xm ~mocÊ`mÀ`m AmoKmV lr_hmamO hr AmR>dU gm§JV AgV. lr JmS>Jo~m~m§À`m AmR>dUrZo Ë`m§Mm H§$R> XmQy>Z `oB©. hmV OmoSy>Z Vo JmS>Jo~m~m§Zm Z_ñH$ma H$arV. Vo Zoh_r åhUV, "lrg§V JmS>Jo~m~m§Zr OZVm-OZmX©ZmVrc Iam na_oœa AmoiIcm d _mZdVoMr godm H$ê$Z Amnë`m godoZo, ^º$sZo, ewÕ AmMaUmZo A{Ve` {Z:ñn¥hnUo cmoH${ejU Ho$co. cmoH$m§Mr A§V:H$aUo ào_mZo qOH$cr, {R>H${R>H$mUr A\$mQ> cmoH$g§J«h Ho$cm. cmoH$m§Zm gÝ_mJm©cm cmdco. gXmMaUmMm Am{U gX²>²Y_m©Mm _{h_m Ë`m§À`m A§V:H$aUmda R>g{dcm Am{U B©œa^º$sMm àgma Ho$cm.' ""VwPm XmVm _moR>m Amho. Vwcm `mo½` doir Ë`m§À`m Xe©ZmMm cm^ hmoB©c,'' Ago lr JmS>Jo~m~m§Zr gm§{JVco Am{U A¾rda VwnmMr AmhþVr nS>mdr Vgo Pmco. gX²>²Jwé^oQ>rMr Vrd« AmoT> _Zm_Ü`o {Z_m©U Pmcr. gX²Jwê§$Mm emoY KoD$Z Ë`m§Mm Amerdm©X {_idë`m{edm` _ZmVrc Vi_i em§V hmoUma Zmhr, nwT>rc _mJ©H«$_U hmoUma Zmhr, Aer lr_hmamOm§Mr ImÌr Pmcr. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo M[aÌ dmMë`mnmgyZ Ë`m§À`m{df`rÀ`m ^º$sMo Bdcogo amon _Zm_Ü`o éOco hmoVoM. eodQ>r _ZmMm {Zü` Pmcm. KamVrc EH$drg én`o KoD$Z, Ver {MÇ>r KamV {chÿZ R>odyZ d`mÀ`m ~mamì`m dfuM lr_hmamO {Xg _mg dmT>o.. / 11

gX²Jwê§$À`m emoYmgmR>r KamMm Ë`mJ H$ê$Z {ZKmco. Kam~mhoa nmD$c Q>mH$VmZm Amnë`m ào_i {nË`mÀ`m Am{U chmZ½`m ~{hUrÀ`m AmR>dUrZo nmD$c qH${MV OS> Pmco, na§Vw Ordmgr eara`ï>r nhmUo & gdB© OS>cr ~hÿV OÝ_r OmUo & Vo eara Ñï>r Z nS>rVm hmoUo & Xw:Ir H$îQ>r V`mZo & n[a {ddoH$mMm KoVm AmYma & A§Var CnOo gX²{dMma & {ZË`m{ZË` {ZdS> gËda & H$aUo gmYo V`mgr && Agm _Zmer {ddoH$ H$ê$Z emídV gwImÀ`m emoYmgmR>r lr_hmamO JmdHw$gmÀ`m ~mhoa nS>co Am{U _w§~B©_mJ} _Oc Xa_Oc H$arV lrgX²>Jwê$ ~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m n§MdQ>rVrc XÎm _§{XamV Amco. _§{XamMr XoI^mc H$aUmè`m lr.Xm_yAÊUm Xoenm§S>o `m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Mr Mm¡H$er Ho$cr. EdT>çm Xya gX²>Jwê§$À`m emoYmV Anma H$ï>mZo àdmg H$arV Amcocr Vr ~mc_yVu nmhÿZ Xm_yAÊUm§Zm gmü`© AmZ§X Pmcm. WH$coë`m lr_hmamOm§Zm àW_ Ë`m§Zr Ood-y ImD$ KmVco Am{U _§{XamV amhmÊ`mMr nadmZJr {Xcr. Zm{eH$À`m dmñVì`mV gH$mir CRy>Z J§JmñZmZ H$amdo, doJdoJù`m _§{Xam§_Ü`o OmD$Z {d{dY Xod-XodVm§Mo S>moim ^ê$Z Xe©Z ¿`mdo, O_oc Ver Ü`mZYmaUm H$amdr Agm {XZH«$_ hmoVm. ZogyMm n§Mm, gXam Am{U Q>monr `m ì`{V[aº$ H$mhrhr gm_mZ Odi Zgcocm hm emídV gwImÀ`m _mJm©darc àdmgr EH$ Anyd© _mZ{gH$ em§VVm Am{U _wº$nUmMm AmZ§X KoV hmoVm. à{gÕ Zmamoe§H$amMr K§Q>m Agcoë`m {ed_§{XamV lr_hmamO AZoH$Xm Ü`mZmcm ~gV AgV. AZmoiIr àXoe, AZmoiIr _mUg§, {ZîH$m§MZ AdñWm Agbr Varhr lr_hmamOm§Mm {XZH«$_ gwIoZ¡d Mmcy hmoVm. EH$Xm lr_hmamO J§JmH$mR>r {\$aV AgVmZm AMmZH$ EH$m `VrZo añVm AS>dyZ Ë`m§Mm hmV nH$S>cm ... Mm§Jcm gmV \y$Q> C§M, H$_aocm c§JmoQ>r, A§Jmda ì`mK«M_©, Im§Úmda éiUmam OQ>m^ma, VoO:nw§O, CJ«, na§Vw Varhr AmœmgH$ M`m© Am{U Im§Úmda Q>mH$coco EH$ AY©dQ> OiHo$ cmHy$S> ! ""H$m` ao nmoam ! H$moR>o Amcm Amhog ? Vwcm H$m` nm{hOo ?'' KZJ§^ra AmdmOmV Ë`mZo {dMmaco Am{U CÎmamMr Anojm Z R>odVmM, Ë`m§Zm OdiOdi AmoT>rVM Amnë`m~amo~a EH$m ~mOycm Zoco Am{U Ë`m§À`m _wIm_Ü`o ~io~ioM àgmX KmVcm. ""nyam hmo OmEJm Ÿ& nyam hmo OmEJm Ÿ& dº$ AmZona nyam hmo OmEJm & Ÿ_V S>amo Ÿ& _oar nyU© H¥$nm h¡, Amerdm©X h¡ &'' Ago åhUyZ Ë`m `VrZo lr_hmamOm§Zm AmqcJZ {Xco. `m àg§JmMr AmR>dU gm§JVmZm lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""Ë`m doir H$m`H$m` Pmco Vo gd© eãXmV gm§JUo H$R>rU Amho. EdT>o {Z{üV H$s `Vr Zmhrgo Pmë`mda _r Ë`m§Zm Iyn emoYco. nU Vo _cm nwÝhm {Xgco AWdm ^oQ>co ZmhrV.'' gX²>Jwê§$À`m emoYmW© Zm{eH$n`ªV Jococo lr_hmamO AIoa Ë`m§Mo _m_m lr.Zahar Zmam`U gmodZr `m§À`mH$S>o XmXa, _§w~B© `oWo naV Amco. lr_hmamO KamVyZ {ZKyZ Joë`mnmgyZ KaMr gd© _§S>ir qMVmH«$m§V hmoVr. Amncm hm chmZJm ^mMm gwIê$n naV Amë`mMo nmhÿZ _m_m§Zm A{Ve` AmZ§X 12 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Pmcm. nÌ nmR>dyZ Ë`m§Zr aËZm{JarhÿZ lr_hmamOm§À`m d{S>cm§Zm ~mocmdyZ KoVco. lr_hmamOm§Mo dS>rc VmVS>rZo XmXacm Amco. Amnë`m `m OJmdoJù`m _wcmcm Odi KoD$Z Ë`m§Zr Ë`mMr g_OyV H$mT>cr Am{U Ë`mcm gmo~V KoD$Z Vo aËZm{Jarcm naV Amco. lr_hmamOm§Mo {ejU nwT>o gwê$ Pmco. lr. JUoe {dîUy§Zm åhUOo _hmamOm§À`m d{S>cm§Zm g§gmamMr O~m~Xmar CMcÊ`mgmR>r ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z Kar nmo_|S>rcm amhmdo cmJV hmoVo; na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Zr d{H$crMm Aä`mg H$ê$Z Zm_d§V dH$sc ìhmdo, Ago Ë`m§Zm dmQ>o Am{U Ë`mgmR>r lr_hmamOm§Zm aËZm{Jarcm {ejUmgmR>r R>odcoco hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Mr hþemar, ^mfodarc à^wËd, VH©$ewÕ {dMmanÕVr nmhmVm Vo Oa d{H$cr ì`dgm`mV Joco AgVo Va Ë`m§Zr _moR>m cm¡{H$H$ {_idcm AgVm nU lr_hmamOm§Zr doJimM Ü`mg KoVcm hmoVm. B§J«Or emioV {ejU Mmcy hmoVo; na§Vw emco` {ejUmV lr_hmamOm§Zm éMr ZìhVr. Vo dma§dma g§Yr {_ioc Voìhm d{H$cr ì`dgm`m{df`rMr Amncr ZmdS> d{S>cm§À`m H$mZr KmcV. Vo d{S>cm§Zm gm§JV H$s Ë`m ì`dgm`mV Iè`mMo ImoQ>o Am{U ImoQ>çmMo Iao H$aÊ`mV ~wÕr dmnamdr cmJVo. ho nmn Amho. _cm Vo H$aÊ`mV ñdmañ` Zmhr. lr_hmamOm§Zm cmJcocm Ü`mg A{YH$ _moR>m hmoVm. "_mÂ`m Hw$Qw>§~mH$[aVm _cm XodmMr d{H$cr H$am`Mr Amho Am{U _mPo Hw$Qw>§~ \$ma _moR>o Amho,' Ago lr_hmamO åhUV AgV. ""dgwY¡d Hw$Qw>§~H$_²'' AerM ^mdZm ~miJyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr nwT>rc dmQ>Mmc Ho$cr. H°$.CÕdamd grVmam_ d¡Ú `m lr_hmamOm§À`m ~mc{_ÌmMo {X.30.4.1980Mo EH$ gw§Xa nÌ lr_hmamOm§À`m nÌg§J«hmV CncãY Pmco (nÌ H«$. 7, n[a{eï>> H«$. 4). Ë`mV Vo {c{hVmV, "".... (nÌmcm) H$er gwédmV H$amdr VoM g_OoZm. Ñï>rg_moa Amnë`m chmZnUmMm H$mi C^m am{hcm. nè`mÀ`m AmirVcr d BVa {R>H$mUMr X§Jm_ñVr, Ioi, ~§XyH$ CS>më`mda Amncr nmocrg Mm¡H$sdaMr hmOar, EH$ Zm XmoZ ZmZm Ñî`o ZOaog_moa {Xgy cmJcr. .... Vwåhr na_mW© _mJm©H$S>o H$m d H$go JocmV, Ho$ìhm JocmV Vo _cm _mhrV Zmhr. na§Vw Omo _mJ© MmoImicmV Ë`mV CÎm_ `e, Anyd© Zmdcm¡{H$H$ g§nmXZ Ho$cmV, EoHy$ZgwÕm Zoh_r AmZ§XM dmQ>cm. g_mYmZ dmQ>co. _r 1930 gmcr aËZm{Jar gmoS>cr. VmË`mamd gmdaH$a Ë`m doir _mÂ`m _Yë`m AmirVrc KamV {~èhmS>H$ê$ hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m àoaUoZoM _r _°{Q´>H$ Pmë`mda ~mhoa nS>cmo d Am_u_Ü`o XmIc Pmcmo...'' aËZm{JarVrc lr_hmamOm§Mo {dÚmWu OrdZhr gmhgr Jmoï>tZr ^acoco hmoVo. MidirMo {Xdg, ñdmV§Í`dra gmdaH$am§Mm àoaUmXm`r ghdmg Am{U _mJ©Xe©Z, {Z^©` d¥Îmr `m_wio darc nÌmVrc "~§XyH$ CS>dÊ`mMm' àg§J, dmMyZ Amü`© dmQ>V Zmhr. ê$icoë`m nmD$cdmQ>oZo OmUo lr_hmamOm§À`m ñd^mdmVM ZìhVo. ZdrZ _mJ© MmoImiUo hrM Ë`m§Mr ghOàd¥Îmr hmoVr Am{U `m ghOàd¥ÎmrVyZM Ë`m§Zr EH$m doJù`m {XeoZo _mJ©H«$_U gwê$ Ho$co. D D D

{Xg _mg dmT>o../ 13

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JwéH¥$nm hmoVm§ Ÿ& H$io gË`kmZ Ÿ&& gaH$mar hm`ñHy$c_YyZ {ejU Mmcy hmoVo. na§Vw lr_hmamO _ZmZo VoWo ZìhVo. _Z Jwê$À`m emoYmV {^ar{^ar {\$aV hmoVo. lram_m§Mr nyOm-AMm© {ZË` H$amdr, ñdV:cm O_oc, C_Ooc Ver CnmgZm H$amdr, gX²J«§Wm§Mo dmMZ-_ZZ H$amdo, H$moR>o gËnwéf Xe©ZmMm `moJ Amcm Va AmdOy©Z YmdV VoWo Omdo Am{U Amnë`m gX²Jwê$§À`m IwUm gmnS>VmV H$m ho nmhmdo Am{U ho gmao H$ê$Z O_oc Ver emimhr H$amdr Agm {XZH«$_ Mmcy hmoVm. _ZmVrc Ii~i, Vi_i YmH$Q>çm JmoXm_mB©Odi _moH$ir ìhm`Mr. `m YmH$Q>çm ~{hUrda, lr_hmamOm§Mm Ord hmoVm. OrdmnmS> ào_ hmoVo. AmB©À`m {ZYZmZ§Va Va lr_hmamO {Vcm \$ma OnV Am{U Vr YmH$Q>r ~hrUhr `m Amnë`m _Zñdr _moR>çm ^mdmcm gwImV R>odm`cm YS>nS>m`Mr. na§Vw ho gwIhr \$ma {Xdg cm^co Zmhr. 1930À`m gw_mamcm Am_m§emMr gmW Amcr. Ë`m gmWrZo JmoXm_mB©Mm ~ir KoVcm. Ë`m gmWrMo ñdê$n EdT>o Vrd« hmoVo H$s, EH$EH$ H$ê$Z KamVrc ghm _mUgo XJmdcr. JmoXm_mB©Mm _¥Ë`y lr_hmamOm§Zm MQ>H$m cmdyZ Jocm. VrZ {Xdg lr_hmamOm§Zr AÞnmUr dÁ`© Ho$co hmoVo. S>moù`mVrc Aly§Zm I§S> ZìhVm. OrdZmÀ`m jU^§JwanUmMr Vrd«VoZo OmUrd Pmcr. Ë`mM~amo~a _ZmV AmYrM Imocda _yi Yê$Z ~gcoco OrdZ{df`H$ àý nwÝhm CgiyZ da Amco. OJÊ`mMm AW© Var H$m` Amho ? `oWo gmaoM AemœV, AidmÀ`m nmZmdarc nmÊ`mà_mUo jUOrdr Agoc Va `m _mohnmemV H$emgmR>r amhm`Mo ? emœV Ago OrdZmV H$m` Amho ? Vo H$go àmá hmoBc © ? `m H$mocmhmcmV _Z:em§Vr H$er {_ioc ? Vr H$moU {_idyZ XoB©c ? _mJ© H$moU XmIdrc ? Vmo _mJ©Xe©H$ H$moR>o ^oQ>oc ? ""gË` kmZ Oo H$s MwH$dr OÝ_ _aU &'' ho gË`kmZ H$moU XoB©c ? g§Vm§Mr M[aÌo lr_hmamOm§Zr ~maH$mB©Zo dmMcr hmoVr. gmè`m àým§Mr CÎmao g§Vm§Zm Ë`m§À`m gX²>Jwê§$À`m H¥$noZo àmá Pmcr hmoVr, hm B{Vhmg lr_hmamOm§Zm Mm§Jcm _mhrV hmoVm. "gX²JwédmMmoZr gmnS>oZm gmo`' Ago lrg§V VwH$mo~m§Zr gm§{JVco Amho, Voìhm `m gmè`m àým§Mr CÎmao gX²Jwê$M XoD$ eH$Vrc Agm {ZîH$f© H$mTy>Z lr_hmamOm§Zr gX²Jwê§$À`m emoYmgmR>r ~mhoa nS>Ê`mMm {Zü` Ho$cm. B§J«Or ghmdrMr narjm Vm|S>mda Amcr hmoVr; nU lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`mhÿZ _moR>r narjm Úm`Mo R>adco. lr_hmamOm§Zr d{S>cm§À`m Zmdo EH$ {MÇ>r {chÿZ R>odcr. {MÇ>rMm Ame` Agm hmoVm H$s, "_r KamVrc H$mhr n¡go KoVco AmhoV. Ka gmoSy>Z _r OmV Amho. Hw$Qw>§~m_Ü`o H$iV ZH$iV KS>coë`m gd© nmVH$m§Mo jmcZ ìhmdo, nyd©Om§Mm Am{U Amncm CÕma ìhmdm, `mgmR>r B©œamonmgZm H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. gX²>Jwê§$À`m ^oQ>rZo `m H$m`m©g _mJ©Xe©Z hmoB©c. ^Jd§VmÀ`m ^º$sZo Am{U ào_mZo Hw$imMm CÕma hmoB©c, OÝ__aUmÀ`m Ÿ14 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

\o$è`mVyZ _wº$s {_ioc Agm _cm {dœmg dmQ>Vmo. _cm gX²>Jwê$ ^oQ>mdoV Agm Amerdm©X AmnU _cm Úmdm. _r Kar naV Z Amë`mg Hw$Qw>§~mÀ`m {_iH$VrVrc _mPm {hñgm lram_ Xodmc`mcm Úmdm. _mÂ`m `m H¥$Ë`m_wio Amnë`mcm Xw:I hmoB©c, ~amM Ìmg ghZ H$amdm cmJoc, cmoH$mndmXmcm Vm|S> Úmdo cmJoc, `mMr _cm H$ënZm Amho. Ë`mgmR>r AmnU _cm j_m H$amdr. _mPm emoY KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$ê$ Z`o.' hr {MÇ>r KamV {chÿZ R>odyZ lr_hmamO _w§~B©_mJ} nwÊ`mcm Amco Am{U lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV Amco. AmOda _Zmer KoVcocm Ü`mg \$cÐÿn hmoÊ`mMr doi AmVm Odi Amcr hmoVr. hr KQ>Zm 1929-30 gmcmVrc Amho. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m nwÊ`mVrc _R>mMr ì`dñWm lr.dmgwAÊUm ^mJdV ho lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo _moR>o A{YH$mar {eî` Am{U _R>mMo _w»` {dœñV nmhmV hmoVo. lr.^mJdVm§Zr Amnco gd© OrdZ lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m MaUr An©U Ho$coco hmoVo. Amnë`m ~m`H$mo_wcm§gh nyU© doi _R>mVM amhÿZ, gd©H$mi Vo VoWoM godm H$arV AgV. lr_hmamO _R>mV nmohmoMco Voìhm VoWo H$moUrM n[a{MV ZìhVo. na§Vw hm H$modim VéU KaXma gmoSy>Z gX²>Jwê§$À`m emoYmgmR>r {ZKmcm` ho nmhÿZ dmgwAÊUm§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm _R>mVM R>odyZ KoVco. lr_hmamOm§Zm "lram_öX`'Am{U "am_JrVm' `m§Mo nmam`U H$aÊ`mg Ë`m§Zr gwM{dco. Ë`mà_mUo lr_hmamO nmam`U H$ê$ cmJco. dmgwAÊUm A{YH$mar nwéf hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§_Yrc doJionU, Ë`m§Mr Vi_i Am{U ÑT>{Zü` dmgwAÊUm§Zm g_Ocm hmoVm Am{U ^mdcmhr hmoVm. hm H$moUr KamVyZ AgmM niyZ Amcocm CZmS> _wcJm Zìho, ho nmUr H$mhr doJio Amho ho Ë`m§À`m cjmV Amco hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§~Ôc Ë`m§À`m _ZmV ào_hr {Z_m©U Pmco hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Mo dmJUo Ago Agm`Mo H$s, Ë`m§À`m g§nH$m©V Omo H$moUr `oB© Ë`mÀ`m _ZmV Ë`m§À`m{df`r {ZIi AmXa Am{U Anma ào_M {Z_m©U ìhmdo. Ë`m_wio dmgwAÊUm§Zr _R>mVrc gd© godH$m§Zm lr_hmamOm§er AmXanyd©H$M dmJÊ`m{df`r gyMZm {Xë`m hmoË`m. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV Amë`mda Xwgè`m-{Vgè`m {XderM lr_hmamOm§Zm "nargñne©' H$aUmam Vmo jU Amcm. lr_hmamO Ë`m {Xder XmoZ àhar ~mam dmOÊ`mÀ`m gw_mamg lram_öX` dmMrV ~gco hmoVo. lrdmgwXodmZ§V gañdVr VWm lr~m~m _hmamO ghò~wÕo ho lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo {eî` Am{U Wmoa A{YH$mar gËnwéf Zoh_rà_mUo lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV Xe©ZmgmR>r Amco. lr~m~m _hmamO ho Ë`m doir CÝ_Zr AdñWoV AgV. ""AI§S> Vo Ü`mZ Mmco ñdê$nmMo & Zmhr Vo OJmMo ^mZ H$mhr &&'' Aem AdñWoV Agcoco lr~m~m _hmamO _R>mV Amco H$s _R>mVrc gdmªZmM cmoQ>m§JU KmcyZ Z_ñH$ma H$arV. ""_R>rMm nmUŠ`m ^oQ>Vm añË`mVŸ& Ë`mgr X§S>dV H$[aVr VoWŸ&& _R>rMo _m§Oê$ XoIVm Z`Zr & Ë`mMohr MaUr cmJVmVr &&'' Aem AdñWoV Agcoco lr~m~m _hmamO Ak gm_mÝ` OZm§À`m coIr ^«{_ï> R>aco hmoVo. Ago ho lr~m~m _hmamO, lr_hmamO OoWo "am_öX`' dmMrV ~gco hmoVo VoWo Amco. eoOmarM JwéH¥$nm hmoVm§.. / 15

dmgwAÊUm hohr ~gcoco hmoVo. Amë`mAmë`m VoWo EH$ nmQ> _m§S>cocm hmoVm Ë`mda C^o amhÿZ lr_hmamOm§Zm Ë`m§Zr hgyZ {dMmaco, ""H$m` ao {dR>mo~m, d{S>cm§Zm Z gm§JVmM aËZm{JarhÿZ niyZ Amcmg hmo` ?'' nmoWrVyZ ZOa da H$ê$Z lr_hmamOm§Zr lr~m~m§H$S>o nm{hco. lr~m~m dËgc_wÐoZo lr_hmamOm§H$S>o àgÞ pñ_Vhmñ` H$arV nmhmV hmoVo. lr_hmamO VgoM EH$Q>H$ Ë`m§À`mH$S>o nmhmV am{hco. Jocr gmV-AmR> df} Á`mMm Ü`mg KoD$Z AmnU nm`nrQ> H$aVmo` Vmo gX²>Jwê$ Agm gÝ_wI C^m Amho `mMo ^mZ lr_hmamOm§Zm MQ>H$Z Amco Zgmdo. EdT>çmV lr~m~m dmgwAÊUm§H$S>o nmhmV åhUmco, ""ho (dmgwAÊUm) _cm Zoh_r lrA¸$cH$moQ> ñdm_tÀ`m ñdê$nmV nmhmVmV.'' Am{U nmhmVmnmhmVm lr~m~m§À`m OmJr lrA¸$cH$moQ> ñdm_tMr ""Ago d{j {dñVrU© Ë`m d¡O`§Vr & Yar H$m¡{nZogr nhm _oIcm Vr & OJm Aml`mo Xm|{Xcr nmoqQ> gmMm &'' Aer _Zmohmar _yVu lr_hmamOm§nwT>o gJwUgmH$ma Pmcr. AmOy~mOycm {Xì` VoOmMr à^m \$mH$cr hmoVr. lr_hmamO hm M_ËH$ma S>moio {dñ\$mê$Z nmhmV am{hco. H$m` hmoVo Amho ho cjmV `oVmM "AmZ§XmMo S>mohr AmZ§X Va§J' Aer lr_hmamOm§Mr AdñWm Pmcr. öX`mVyZ M¡VÝ`mÀ`m char CR>ë`m. Xoh^mZ {dgê$Z, àmU S>moù`mV AmUyZ lr_hmamO lrñdm_r g_WmªMr _yVu öX`mV gmR>dy cmJco. AZw^dr dmgwAÊUm§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm hmVmcm Yê$Z CR>dco Am{U lrñdm_r g_W©ê$nr lr~m~m _hmamOm§À`m nm`mda KmVco. gmam jU^amMm Ioi na§Vw ""Á`mMr ^oQ>r hmoVm & _mdiVmo eãX & Ho$di AmZ§X {ZO~moYyŸ&'' Aer lr_hmamOm§Mr AdñWm Pmcr hmoVr. lr~m~m§Zrhr Amncm daXhñV Ë`m§À`m _ñVH$mdê$Z, nmR>rdê$Z {\$adcm Am{U Ë`m§Zm åhUmco, ""`oWo Agon`ªV Vy _mÂ`m Kar `oV Om'' ho EoHy$Z Va dmgwAÊUm§Zr g§VmofmZo _mZ S>mocdcr. lr_hmamOm§Zm Amerdm©X XoD$Z lr~m~m _hmamO Yw_mi {~pëS>¨J_Yrc Amnë`m Kar naVco. lr_hmamOm§Mo _Z AdU©Zr` Aem AmZ§XmZo ^ê$Z Joco hmoVo. Ë`m§Mr gX²>Jwê$ emoY`mÌm g§ncr hmoVr. Ë`m§Mm "XmVm' Ë`m§Zm ^oQ>cm hmoVm ! lr~m~m Kar naVco Var lr_hmamO AmZ§XgmJamV AmZ§XmÀ`m cmQ>md§ a PwcVM hmoV.o dmgwAÊUm§ZmgwÕm ho gmao nmhÿZ \$ma g§Vmof Pmcm hmoVm. Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm Xwgè`m {Xder lr~m~m§À`m Kar nmR>dco. lr_hmamOm§Zm Amcoco nmhÿZ lr~m~m§Zm _moR>m AmZ§X dmQ>cm. Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm Amnë`m {ZH$Q> ~gdyZ KoVco. lr_hmamOm§Zm nmhÿZ lr~m~m§À`m _ZmV aËZm{JarVrc lr_hmamOm§À`m KaÀ`m dmñVì`mÀ`m AmR>dUr Om½`m Pmë`m. gmè`m Hw$Qw>§~r`m§Mr Ë`m§Zr Mm¡H$er Ho$cr Am{U lr_hmamOm§Zm gm§{JVco, ""_r VwÂ`m Hw$Qw>§~mV XmoZ df} dmñVì`mcm hmoVmo. Vy H$mhr naH$m Zìhog. VwPo AmOmo~m _mPo Mm§Jco ñZohr hmoVo. Vy `oWo Amhog Vmon`ªV _mÂ`mH$S>o {Z:g§H$moMnUo `oV Om !'' lr_hmamO Ë`mà_mUo OdiOdi XaamoOM lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ _Ü`o OmD$ cmJco Am{U lr_hmamOm§À`m OrdZmV EH$ ZdrZ nd© gwê$ Pmco. lr~m~m§H$S>o Omdo, Ë`m§Zm d§XZ H$ê$Z g_moa Z_« C^o amhmdo, Ë`m§Zm H$mhr ~mOmamVyZ AmUm`Mo Agoc Vo AmUyZ Úmdo, EImXo H$m_ gm§{JVco Va H$amdo, 16 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

H$Yr lr~m~m§À`m nËZr lrXwJm©VmB© H$mhr Im`cm XoV Vo lr~m~m§Mm àgmX åhUyZ Imdo Ago Mmcy hmoV.o _mÌ OmñVrV OmñV doi lr~m~m§À`m ghdmgmV Ë`m§Mm Xmg åhUyZ gÝ_wI C^o amhmdo Agm H«$_ gwê$ hmoVm. AgoM EHo$ {Xder lr_hmamO lr~m~m§H$S>o Joco AgVm lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm AZwJ«h XoD$Z CnXoe Ho$cm. ""VÎd_{g'' `m _hmdmŠ`mMo Jwø Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm ñnï> H$ê$Z gm§{JVco. "VV² åhUOo na_mË_m. Vo na_nX Amho. na_oœam{edm` AÝ` gd© Zm_ê$nmË_H$ Ñí` d ^mg_mZ hmoUmao ho {dœ Zœa Amho, A{ZË` Amho. na_ emœV Agm EH$M EH$ na_mË_m Amho Am{U Vmo VyM Amhog (Ëd§ A{g).' Jwé_wImVyZ hm CnXoe J«hU Ho$ë`mda Amncr pñWVr H$er Pmcr ho d{U©VmZm lr_hmamO åhUVmV Vo _hmdmŠ`mMo {ddaU & lrgX²Jwé§Zr Ho$co nyU© && Ord gwImdcm g§nyU© & Xoh ^md CS>mcm && Omhcm gd©Ì àH$me & na_ VoOmo_` OJXrey && gmo@h§ ^mdmMm cú`m§ey & lr JwéH¥$no AZw^{dcm && Ë`mZ§Va lr~m~m§Zr `m _hmdmŠ`mMm àË`j AZw^d lr_hmamOm§Zm {Xcm. lr_hmamOm§{edm` hm AZw^d `Wm`mo½` eãXmV dU©Z H$aUo H$moUmcm eŠ` Amho ? _hmH$dtMr à{V^mhr `oWo {WQ>r nS>oc. _hmamO åhUVmV Eogo dXmoZr {XYco Xe©Z & gd©Ì ^aco lrñdm_ramO nyU© && Zmhr [aVm R>md V`mdrU & {dœr {dœê$no ZQ>co Vo && A§Var Omo Ago _r OmUm & Vmo hr ZQ>cm lrgX²Jwé n[anyUm© && Z {Xgo ñdê$nmdrU Z`Zm & H$mhr AmO V`o H$mir && Ë`m {Xì` AZw^dmZ§Va lr~m~m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm ñd-ñdê$nmMr IyU g_OmdyZ XoD$Z "Ë`mMoM Ü`mZ `Wmeº$s H$arV Om' Agm AmXoe {Xcm. ""_r H$arV gH$chr VwPo H$m`m©cm &'' Agm R>m_ {dœmg Amnë`m `m {eî`mcm {Xcm Am{U ""{ZOIwUm KodmoZr Ü`mZr & EH$m§Vr ¿`mdo pñWamgZr Ÿ& {ZOÜ`mg cmJmo AZwg§YmZr & gd©H$mi VwO ~mim &&'' Agm Amerdm©X AmB©À`m __VoZo, Amnë`m `m {eî`mÀ`m _ñVH$s hmV R>odyZ {Xcm. AZwJ«h {_iVmM lr_hmamOm§Mo _Z AmZ§XmZo ^ê$Z Amco. AZoH$ dfmªMr _Zmcm cmJcocr Vi_i em§V Pmcr. gX²>Jwê§$Mm emoY nyU© Pmcm. AmVm `mnwT>o OJm`Mo Vo gX²>Jwê§$gmR>r Am{U _am`Mo Vo gX²JwéH$mOmgmR>r Agm ÑT>^md _ZmV {Z_m©U Pmcm. _mJMo gmaoM `m P§PmdmVmV CSy>Z Joco Am{U Cacm Vmo Ho$di EH$ {eî`; EH$m g_W© Jwê$Mm g_W© {eî` ! AZwJ«hmZ§Va AZoH$ {Xdg lr_hmamO lr~rS>H$a _R>mVM _w¸$m_mcm am{hco hmoVo. `m Xaå`mZ nwÊ`mV VmnmMr gmW Amcr hmoVr. _R>mVrc ~aoM godH$ `m gmWrÀ`m VS>m»`mV gmnS>co. _R>mV nwOmar, godH$, H$moUr ^º$-_§S>ir Aer doiocm 25-30 _mUgo Oodm`cm Agm`Mr. EdT>çm cmoH$m§À`m OodUmMr H$m` ì`dñWm H$am`Mr `mMr dmgwAÊUm§Zm qMVm nS>cr hmoVr. lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m doir JwéH¥$nm hmoVm§.. / 17

ñdV: nwT>o hmoD$Z Vr O~m~Xmar Amnë`m Im§Úmda KoVcr. _R>mV EH$ a§½`m ^mJdV ZmdmMo godH$ hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm _XVrcm KoD$Z lr_hmamOm§Zr Vã~c VrZ _{hZo _R>mVrc ñd`§nmH$Ka gm§^mico. Oo-Oo H$m_ hmVr KoVco Vo-Vo H$m_ ì`dpñWVnUo H$am`Mo, H$m¡eë`mZo H$am`Mo Am{U H$moUVohr H$m_ Aà{Vð>oMo _mZm`Mo Zmhr hr {eH$dU lr_hmamOm§Zr gdmªZm Am`wî`^a {Xcr; Ë`mMm lrJUoem lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV Pmcm. `m nwÊ`mVrc _w¸$m_mVM lr~m~m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm H°$ån ^mJmV Agcoë`m "~m~mOmZ' ZmdmÀ`m Cƒ AmÜ`mpË_H$ A{YH$ma Agcoë`m AË`§V d¥Õ Aem gmÜdrÀ`m Xe©ZmgmR>r nmR>{dco. W§S>r, dmam, D$Z, nmD$g H$emMrhr ndm© Z H$aVm {dXohrnUo añË`mÀ`m H$mR>r nSy>Z AgUmè`m "~m~mOmZ' `m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Mo hgyZ ñdmJV Ho$co. H$m¡VwH$mZo Ë`m§À`m _wIr àgmX ^adcm Am{U Amerdm©Xhr {Xco. _hmamOm§À`m nmR>rdê$Z, _wImdê$Z hmV [\$adrV "YÝ` Voam XmVm !' Aer gX²>Jwê§$Mr AmoiIhr {Xcr. nwT>o EH$Xm AJXr AerM AmoiI EH$ "\$H$sa~m~m' `m ZmdmÀ`m _wgc_mZ gËnwéfmZohr lr_hmamOm§Zm XoD$Z Ë`m§À`m gX²Jwê§$Mm A{YH$ma {H$Vr _moR>m Amho, `mMm àË`` {Xcm hmoVm. _R>mVrc {XZM`m© ì`dpñWV Mmcy hmoVr. lr~m~m§Mo Xe©Z {ZË` hmoV hmoVo. Ë`m§Mr godmhr hmVyZ WmoS>r\$ma hmoV hmoVr. _R>mVrc _§S>itZm cmJoc Vr _XV lr_hmamO H$arVM hmoVo. na§Vw EH$ {Xdg lr_hmamOm§ZmM VmnmZo J«mgco. gmWrZo JmdmV H$ha _m§S>cocm hmoVm. lr_hmamOm§Zmhr IynM Vmn Amcm. H$mhr H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr eº$s A§JmV am{hcr Zmhr. lr.dmgwAÊUm Am{U Ë`m§À`m nËZrZo Amnë`m _wcmgmaIr Ë`m§Mr godm-ewlyfm Ho$cr. lr. {eIao d¡Ú Am¡fY`moOZm H$arV hmoVo. lr~m~m XaamoOM Vã`oVrMr Mm¡H$er H$ê$Z OmV hmoVo. na§Vw Vmnmcm CVma nS>V ZìhVm. {Xdg|{Xdg Aeº$nUm dmT>V hmoVm. AÞ OmV ZìhVo. A§WéUmV CRy>Z ~gÊ`mMohr ~i ZìhVo. Am{U AmnUmgmR>r `m gd© Xod _mUgm§Zm Ho$dT>çm IñVm Imì`m cmJV AmhoV, `m {dMmamZo lr_hmamO H$ï>r hmoV hmoVo. ½cmZrV nSy>Z AgVmZm, Amnë`m eoOmar lrXÎmmÌo`, lrñdm_r g_W©, lr~rS>H$a _hmamO Am{U lr~m~m _hmamO Amnë`m ajUmW© C^o AmhoV Ago Ñî` dma§dma Ë`m§Zm {XgV Ago. lr_hmamOm§Mr Vã`oV WmoS>r ~ar Pmë`mda dmgwAÊUm§Zr aËZm{Jarcm gd© h{H$H$V H$i{dcr. lr_hmamOm§À`m d{S>cm§Zr _hmXod `m _hmamOm§À`m Á`oð> ~§YZ§y m nwÊ`mcm nmR>dco Am{U Vo AmOmar lr_hmamOm§Zm KoD$Z nmo_S| >rcm naV Amco. `m doir lr_hmamO Kar naVco Vo gmo~V JwéH¥$noMr {eXmoar KoD$Z ! _mJrc doir ~mcd`mV Ho$coco gmhg \$gco hmoVo; na§Vw `m doir _mÌ Jwê§$Mm Amerdm©X Am{U _mJ©Xe©Z gmo~V KoD$ZM Vo Kar Amco. OrdZmMm AW© gmnS>cm hmoVm. {Xem Z¸$s Pmcr hmoVr. g§^«_mMo YwHo$ {dê$Z Joco hmoVo. AmË_kmZmÀ`m àH$memV OrdZ COiyZ {ZKmco hmoVo. _ZmVrc Ii~i em§V Pmcr hmoVr. _mÌ `m gmè`mMr OmUrd KaÀ`m _mUgm§Zm {H$Vr Pmcr hmoVr hm àýM hmoVm ! D D D

18 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

àH$aU : 4

CnmgZocm ÑT> Mmcdmdo Ÿ&& lr._hmXod JUoe Amnë`m AmOmar H${Zð> ~§Yy§Zm, lr_hmamOm§Zm nmo_|S>rcm KoD$Z Amco. AmOmam_wio Aeº$nUm Amcm hmoVm Vmo hiyhiy H$_r Pmcm Am{U lr_hmamO nmo_|S>rcm KaÀ`m H$ma^mamV _XV H$ê$ cmJco. dS>rc WH$co hmoVo. lr._hmXod JUoe ì`dgm`mÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo aËZm{Jarcm amhmV hmoVo. lr.Zmam`U JUoe ZmoH$argmR>r ~mhoaJmdr dmñVì`mcm hmoVo. lr.lrYa har (XÎmmÌo` JUoe) Am{U lr_hmamO nmo_|S>rcm d{S>cm§g_doV Kag§gma nmhmV hmoVo. na§Vw d{S>cm§Mr Vã`oVhr AmVm jrU Pmcr hmoVr. 1932 gmcr Am_m§emÀ`m {dH$mamZo Ë`m§Mo {ZYZ Pmco Am{U KamMr Ywam AmVm gd©ñdr `m XmoZ ^mdm§da nS>cr. lr_hmamO `m H$mcmdYrV KaÀ`m eoVrH$S>o cj XoV hmoVo. eoVrMr Ë`m§Zm _ZmnmgyZ AmdS> hmoVr. Ë`m§Zr àg§Jr ñdV: eoVmV Zm§Ja Yacm hmoVm. eoVrda gyú_ {dMma H$ê$Z, Ë`m§Zr AZoH$ à`moJ KaÀ`m eoVmV Ho$co. Ë`m doir H$moH$UmV nmdgmù`mV _w»`Ëdo ^mV, ZmMUr Am{U CÝhmù`mV nmUr Agë`mg {_aÀ`m, dm§Jr, dmc, nmdQ>m, Hw$irW Aer _moOH$sM {nHo$ KoVcr OmV. lr_hmamOm§Zr _mÌ Amnë`m eoVmV H$mo~r, \w$cH$mo~r, Q>mo_°Q>mo, ha^am, H$qcJS> Aer Ë`m doir H$moH$UmV H$moUr Z Ho$cocr {nHo$ KoVcr Am{U cmoH$m§À`mg_moa EH$ AmXe© R>odcm. àË`oH$ H$m_mMo ~maH$mB©Zo {ZarjU H$ê$Z Vo A{YH$ Mm§Jco H$go H$aVm `oB©c `mMm {dMma Zoh_r Mmcy Ago. lr_hmamOm§Zr eoVr{df`H$ {H$Vr gImoc kmZ àmá Ho$co hmoVo `mMm àË`` nwT>o Ë`m§Zr {c{hcoë`m {d{dY nÌm§_YyZ `oVmo. `mM H$mimV CnmgZmhr Mmcy hmoVr. lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmMr AmoT> cmJcr H$s nwÊ`mcm lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Omdo, Ë`m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImcr CnmgZm nwT>o Ý`mdr Am{U nwÝhm Kar naVmdo Agm H«$_ hmoVm. KameoOmarM am__§{Xa hmoVo VoWo nyOm-AMm©, AmaVr, gmao ñdV: ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$ H$arV. KanagmV gmoZMm\$m, ZmJMm\$m, gwa§Jr, ~Hw$ir Aer gwJ§Yr \w$co XoUmao d¥j hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Zr Jwcm~, OmB©OwB©, M_ocr, ZmXdQ>r, JmoH$Uu, nm[aOmVH$ Aem {d{dY \w$cPmS>m§Mr ~mJ Omonmgcr hmoVr. gm`§nyOocm cmc, {ndir, nm§T>ar Jwc~jrMr \w$co ^anya {_im`Mr. Vwig, Xwdm©, ~oc _w~cH$ CncãY ìhm`Mm. Kam_mJo dmhVm nmÊ`mMm nmQ>, Ë`mda nmogcocr Zmair-nmo\$itMr ~mJ, AdVr^dVrÀ`m S>m|Ja CVmamdarc KZXmQ> d¥jamOr, `m_wio _§{Xa n[aga EImÚm Vnmo^y_rà_mUo em§V, erVc Am{U n{dÌ dmQ>m`Mm. gmYZm H$aÊ`mgmR>r ñWmZ A{Ve` gw`mo½` hmoVo. lr_hmamO _Zmo^mdo lram_mMo nyOZ H$am`Mo Am{U Amnë`m gmYZoVhr a__mU ìhm`Mo. lr.ZmZm ^mdo ho lr_hmamOm§Mo ^mMo Ë`m doiÀ`m AmR>dUr gm§JV. lr_hmamO ñdV: ahmQ>mda CnmgZobm.. / 19

~gyZ nmUr AmoTy>Z S>moU^a nmUr H$mTy>Z ¿`m`Mo Am{U Ë`m W§S> nmÊ`mZo Am§Kmoi H$am`Mo. ahmQ>mda ~gë`mdahr Vm|S>mZo A^§J, JmUr, ñVmoÌo Ago H$mhrVar Mmcy Agm`Mo. _YoM ""Xw{Z`m PwH$Vr h¡, PwH$mZodmcm Mm{h`o &'' Ago åhUm`Mo. chmZJo ZmZm H$Yr d«mË`nUo Am§KmoirÀ`m nmÊ`mcm {edco Va nwÝhm S>moU [aH$m_r H$ê$Z, Zì`mZo nmUr e|XyZ nwÝhm Am§Kmoi H$am`Mo. gmYZm Aer H$R>moanUo Mmcy hmoVr Am{U Ë`m_wioM A§JmV H$mhr X¡dr gm_Ï`©hr Ë`m VéU d`mV Amco hmoVo. Ë`mMm àË`` ghOnUo AZoH$ cmoH$m§Zm `oV hmoVm. A{V{M{H$ËgH$ ñd^mdmMr H$moH$Ur _mUgo Oar Ë`mcm \$ma _hÎd XoV ZìhVr Varhr, H$Yr Aem Jmoï>r KS>V H$s lr_hmamOm§Mo ho doJio gm_Ï`© EImÚm KQ>ZoVyZ OmUdm`Mo. EH$Xm lr_hmamO AmOmoir gmo_oœacm Mmcco hmoVo. gmo_oœa ImS>r ncrH$S>Mo Jmd. Ë`m_wio VarVyZ (hmoS>rVyZ) ncrH$S>o Omdo cmJm`Mo. BgmH$ C_a JS>H$ar hm "Va'dmcm åhUOo ZmdmS>r ghO BH$S>À`m {VH$S>À`m Jßnm H$aVmZm lr_hmamOm§Zm åhUmcm, ""_wcJm ~aoM {Xdg AmOmar Amho. ~arM Am¡fYo {Xcr nU JwU Zmhr. Vwåhr H$mhrVar Xdm Úm.'' lr_hmamOm§Zr hmVmVrc {dS>r CcJS>cr Am{U Ë`mVrc {M_wQ>^a V§~mIy BgmH$À`m hmVmda R>do cr. BgmH$Zo Jm|YiyZ {dMmaco, ""ho H$m` !'' lr_hmamO hgyZ åhUmco, ""Aao hoM Am¡fY ! Xo Ë`mcm, ~ao dmQ>oc ~K !'' Am{U IamoIaM Ë`m Am¡fYmZo BgmH$Mm _wcJm ~am Pmcm. ~mV_r H$Um}nH$Uu Pmcr. hiyhiy lr_hmamOm§H$S>o Am¡fY _mJm`cm `oUmè`m cmoH$m§Mr JXu dmT>y cmJcr. `m ~m_UmZo {Xcoë`m VrWm©_wio JwU `oVmo Aer n§MH«$moerV »`mVr Pmcr. JmdmVrc {d{dY gmd©O{ZH$ CnH«$_mV lr_hmamO {h[aarZo ^mJ KoV hmoVo. XodimV dm{f©H$ CËgd gmOao ìhm`Mo. Aem doir ñWm{ZH$ hm¡er _§S>ir ZmQ>Ho$ ~gdm`Mr. lr_hmamO Ë`mV à_wI Agm`Mo. lr_hmamO A{^Z`H$coV A{Ve` {ZnwU hmoVo. _hÎdmMr ^y{_H$m Va H$am`MoM, na§Vw ZmQ>H$mMo ZoQ>Ho$ {X½Xe©Zhr H$am`Mo. hr ZmQ>H$mMr AmdS> Ë`m§Zr nwT>o _w§~B©À`m dmñVì`mVhr Oncr hmoVr. lr_hmamOm§À`m ^y{_H$m nm{hcocr _mUgo AmO Oar {dÚ_mZ Zgcr Var Ë`m doiÀ`m Am»`m{`H$m AOyZhr nmo_|S>rÀ`m OwÝ`m {nT>rH$Sy>Z EoH$m`cm {_iVmV. Vo {Xdg ñdmV§Í` MidirMo hmoVo. ñdmV§Í`dra {dZm`H$ Xm_moXa gmdaH$a Ë`m doir aËZm{Jar `oWo ñWmZ~Õ hmoVo. amOH$s` MidirV ^mJ Z KoÊ`mÀ`m AQ>rda Ë`m§Zm H$mù`m nmÊ`mÀ`m {ejoV gyQ> XoD$Z {~«{Q>e gaH$maZo aËZm{Jar `oWo AmUyZ R>odco hmoVo. ñdmV§Í`dra gmdaH$a Am{U cmoH$_mÝ` {Q>iH$ hr lr_hmamOm§Mr X¡dVo hmoVr. lr_hmamOgwÕm ñdmV§Í` MidirV g{H«$` hmoVo. ImXrMm nyU© A§JrH$ma Ë`m§Zr Ho$cocm hmoVm. dma§dma Vo aËZm{Jarcm gmdaH$am§À`m ^oQ>rcm Om`Mo. gmdaH$am§gmaIm Ohmc H«$m§{VH$maH$ Ho$di gh^moOZmgma»`m H$m`©H«$_mda g_mYmZ _mZyZ aËZm{JarV gwIoZ¡d H$mcH«$_U H$arc ho eŠ`M ZìhVo. Ë`m_wio JwánUo AZoH$ H«$m§{VH$maH$ MiditZm àmoËgmhZ XoÊ`mMo Ë`m§Mo H$m_ MmcyM hmoVo. lr_hmamOhr Aem H$mhr Jwá _gcVt_Ü`o Jw§Vcoco hmoVo. gmh{OH$M nmo{cgm§Mm ggo{_amhr 20 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

lr_hmamOm§À`m nmR>r cmJcm. Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§Zr Iyn nm`nrQ> H$ê$Z nmo{cgm§Zm Jw§Jmam {Xcm. AemM EH$m ^Q>H§$Vr_Ü`o MmcVMmcV lr_hmamO JJZJS>mda Aml`mcm Amco hmoVo. gømÐrÀ`m am§Jm§_Ü`o H$moëhmnya {OëømV hm S>m|Jar {H$„m Amho. lr{edmOr _hmamOm§Mr Q>m§H$gmi `m {H$ëë`mda hmoVr. X§S>H$maÊ`mVrc `m ñWmZmda _pÀN>¨ÐZmW, JmoajZmW, J{hZrZmW `m§Mm ZmW Xa~ma ^aV Ago. lrg§V JJZ{Jar _hmamOm§Mo ñWmZ `mM JS>mda Amho. lr_hmamOm§Mr lr JJZ{Jar _hmamOm§er `oWoM `m ^Q>H§$VrÀ`m doir àW_ ^oQ> Pmcr. nwT>o hm ñZoh~§Y d¥qÕJV Pmcm. 1935-36 gmcÀ`m AmJo_mJo H$YrVar KamV Vrd« _V^oX Pmë`m_wio lr_hmamO Amnë`m AmOmoir gmo_oœacm amhm`cm Joco. VoWo Ë`m§Mo _m_m lr.Zahar Zmam`U gmodZr `m§À`m Kar Vo amhÿ cmJco. Amnë`m `m _Zñdr ^mÀ`mcm _m_m§Zr AmZ§XmZo R>odyZ KoVco. `m JmdmV "gmo_oœam'Mo àmMrZ _§{Xa Amho. _§{Xa ^ì` Amho. cmH$S>mda CËH¥$ï> ZjrH$m_ H$ê$Z _§{XamMr emo^m dmT>{dcocr Amho. `m gmo_oœamda lr_hmamOm§Mr {ZVm§V lÕm hmoVr. ^mdr H$mcm{df`r g§Ho$V XoVmZm lr_hmamO gm§JV AgV H$s, nwT>o ^{dî`H$mimV g_wÐ Amncr _`m©Xm gmoS>oc Am{U g_wÐ {H$Zmè`mdarc Jmdo {Ji§H$¥ V H$aoc. _mÌ gmo_œo a nmÊ`mImcr OmUma Zmhr, H$maU _rM gmo_œo a Amho ! AmOH$mc n¥ÏdrMo dmT>Umao Vmn_mZ, Ë`m_wio {dViUmao XmoÝhr Y«wdm§darc {h_gmR>o, Ë`mMm n[aUm_ åhUyZ dmT>Umar g_wÐmMr nmVir, `mda emók Am{U n`m©daUVÁk `m§À`mV J§^ra {dMma _§WZ Mmcy Amho. na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Zr hm Bemam nÞmg-gmR> df} AmYrM {Xcm Amho. lr_hmamO gmo_oœacm amhmV AgVmZmM VoWo Ë`m§À`m _mderMo `O_mZ lr._hmXod dm_Z OmoJ ho (Amnë`m gmgwadmS>rcm) Amcoco hmoVo. lr.OmoJm§Mo _yi Jmd Zm§{XdS>o. Vo ZmoH$ar{Z{_Îm H$ë`mUcm amhmV AgV. Amnë`m nËZrMm hm VéU, hahþÞar ^mMm gÜ`m AmOmoir [aH$m_mM Amho, Ë`mcm H$mhrVar H$m_ Y§Xm {_idyZ Úmdm åhUyZ lr.OmoJ lr_hmamOm§Zm H$ë`mUcm Amnë`m Kar KoD$Z Amco Am{U ^mD$^Q> gmo_Um§Mm dmS>m, H$ë`mU `oWo lr_hmamOm§À`m OrdZmMm Zdm AÜ`m` gwê$ Pmcm. lr_hmamOm§Zr H$ë`mUcm Amë`mda lr.Kmao `m gX²J¥hñWm§Odi Ho${_ñQ>Mm ì`dgm` {eHy$Z KoVcm. {R>H${R>H$mUm§hÿZ [aH$må`m ~mQ>ë`m IaoXr H$am`À`m, Ë`m ñdÀN> H$ê$Z Ë`mV "{\$Zoc' ^ê$Z Ë`mMr KamoKar {dH«$s H$am`Mr Agm H«$_ Ë`m§Zr gwê$ Ho$cm. Ë`m doir lr_hmamO gd©Ì gm`H$cdê$Z {\$am`Mo. hm\$ n°ÝQ>, eQ>©, Q>monr Am{U nm`mV ~yQ> Agm gwQ>gwQ>rV nmofmI Vo dmnarV. hiyhiy ì`mn dmTy> cmJcm Am{U lr_hmamO AZoH$ àH$maMr Am¡fYo KmD$H$ à_mUmV KoD$Z {H$aH$moi {dH«o$Ë`m§Zm nwady cmJco. EH$Xm Ë`m§Zr H$mo`Zoc (pŠdZmBZ)À`m Jmoù`m gw_mao nmM Q>Z EdT>çm _moR>çm à_mUmV IaoXr Ho$ë`m hmoË`m. Ë`mM doir _co[a`mMr gmW _moR>çm à_mUmda Amcr Am{U `m Jmoù`m§Mr _mJUr AMmZH$ dmT>cr Am{U {H$_Vrhr ^a_gmR> dmT>ë`m; na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m Odirc Jmoù`m§Mm CnmgZobm.. / 21

gmR>m OwÝ`m qH$_VrcmM {dHy$Z JmoaJar~m§Zm ñdñV Am¡fYmonMma {_ioc Ago nm{hco. ""g§V _m`~mn H¥$nmiy Vo Wmoa & Ordmgr AmYma XoVr {ZË` &'' ho dMZ hr Amncr OrdZ{Zð>mM Amho ho lr_hmamOm§Zr Z ~mocVm XmIdyZ {Xco. cdH$aM Ë`m§Zm S>m°.~mog `m ~§Jmcr J¥hñWm§À`m "B§{S>`Z S´>½O A°ÝS> \$m_m©ñ`w{Q>H$ëg' `m H§$nZrV "_o{S>H$c [aàoP|Q>oQ>rìh' åhUyZ ZmoH$ar {_imcr. H$moUVohr H$m_ A§JrH$maco H$s Ë`mMo _wimnmgyZ kmZ àmá H$ê$Z ¿`m`Mo, Ë`mda ñdV§ÌnUo gImoc {dMma H$am`Mm, Ë`mMm nyU© Aä`mg H$am`Mm Am{U Vo A{YH$ Mm§Jë`m VèhoZo Am{U ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$nUmZo H$am`Mo hm lr_hmamOm§Mm OÝ_OmV ñd^md{deof hmoVm. H$moR>ohr nmQ>çm Q>mH$Ê`mMr d¥Îmr ZìhVr. Aem d¥ÎmrMm {VQ>H$mam hmoVm. Ë`m_wio `m ZmoH$arÀ`m OmJrhr AënmdYrVM lr_hmamOm§Zr Amncm R>gm C_Q>dcm. H§$nZrÀ`m CËnm{XV Am¡fYm§Mr, Ë`mV dmnacoë`m KQ>H$m§Mr, Ë`m§À`m JwUY_mªMr lr_hmamOm§Zr Mm§Jcr _m{hVr H$ê$Z KoVcr; na§Vw hm Aä`mg Ho$di H§$nZrÀ`m CËnmXZm§nwaVm _`m©{XV ZìhVm. AÝ` H§$nÝ`m§À`m Am¡fYm§Mmhr Vm¡c{ZH$ Aä`mg Ë`m§Zr Ho$cm hmoVm. _hmamOm§Mr hþemar, Ë`m§Mm Aä`mg, {MH$mQ>r, dº$eranUm, ñnï>dºo$nUm `m_wio S>m°.~mog `m§Mohr Ë`m§À`mH$S>o cj doYco. XmoZ doim Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Mr ^oQ> KoVcr hmoVr. `m ^oQ>rV MM}À`m AmoKmV nma_m{W©H$ {df`m§dahr ~mocUr Pmcr Am{U lr_hmamOm§Mm AmÜ`mpË_H$ joÌmVrc A{YH$ma Ë`m§À`m cjmV Amcm. lr_hmamOm§Zm Ë`m§Zr H$mocH$mË`mcm amhmÊ`mg ~mocmdco; na§Vw lr_hmamO H$mhr _w§~B© gmoSy>Z H$mocH$mË`mcm Om`cm amOr Pmco ZmhrV. nwT>o H$ë`mUnojm XmXacm amhmUo gmoB©ñH$a nS>oc åhUyZ Vo XmXacm Amnco _m_m lr.Zahar Zmam`U gmodZr `m§À`mH$S>o amhmÊ`mg Amco. _m_m§À`m KaMm Ë`m§Mm {XZH«$_ _moR>m nmhmÊ`mgmaIm hmoVm. nhmQ>o Mma-gmS>oMma dmOVm CRy>Z Vo ñZmZ-g§Ü`m H$ê$Z Zm_ñ_aUmcm ~gV. On-Omß`, Ü`mZYmaUm, gX²>J«§W dmMZ `mV VrZ-Mma Vmg ghO OmV. Z§Va H$m_mda OmV. gm`§H$mir 7-7.30 dmOVm Kar Amco H$s, KamVrc _wcm§Mm Aä`mg KoV. XÎmm gmodZr, ^mD$ {~dcH$a, J§JmYa ^mdo Aer ZmË`mVrc _wco Ë`m doir VoWo amhm`cm hmoVr. Ë`m§Mm Aä`mg KoD$Z Pmcm H$s, _J gm`§-g§Ü`m Am{U Ü`mZ, dmMZ Mmco. amÌm¡ PmonÊ`mnyduhr A§WéUmda ~gyZ Ü`mZ H$arV. lr_hmamOm§Mr hr Ü`mZYmaUm Ë`m§À`m ZmVodmBH$m§Zm \$maer ê$MV ZìhVr. Ë`m§Mm Vmo qQ>Jc Q>dmirMm {df` hmoVm. hm VéU _wcJm VméÊ` gwc^ _m¡O-_Om H$am`Mo gmoSy>Z gVV S>moio {_Qy>Z Ü`mZ H$arV ~gVmo `mVco B§{JV Ë`m§Zm H$ico Zgmdo. H$Xm{MV Vo T>m|J Agmdo Agohr Ë`m§Zm dmQ>V Agmdo. H$maU lr_hmamOm§Mo EH$ g_d`ñH$ ZmVodmB©H$ Ü`mZñW lr_hmamOm§Mo ~§X S>moio Amnë`m hmVm§Zr ~ioM CKSy> nmhm`Mo. EoZ VéU d`mVhr lr_hmamOm§Zm AË`§V H$_r Pmon nwaV Ago. amÌm¡ Ceramn`ªV Ü`mZ H$arV ~gUmao lr_hmamO nwÝhm gH$mir gdmªAmYr CR>coco AgV. Ë`m_wio ho amÌr PmonVmV H$s Zmhr Aer e§H$m KaÀ`m _mUgm§Zm `m`Mr. AË`§V H$_r Pmon KoD$Z {Xdg 22 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

amÌ A{dlm§V l_ H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ë`m§À`m `m {dcjU j_Vo_wio Ë`m§Zr nwT>rc Am`wî`mV H$m`m©Mo EdT>o S>m|Ja C^o Ho$co AmhoV H$s, ho gmao H$m_ Ë`m§Zr EH$mM Am`wî`mV Ho$co Amho qH$dm H$go Agm g§^«_ dmQ>mdm ! lr_hmamOm§Mo _m_o^mD$ lr.XÎmm gmodZr lr_hmamOm§À`m `m XmXa_Yrb "_wHw§$X _°ÝeZ'_Yrb dmñVì`mÀ`m doiÀ`m AZoH$ AmR>dUr gm§JVmV. 1940 Vo 45 `m H$mbmdYrV VoWo lr_hmamOm§Mo dmñVì` hmoVo. gmo~V hr emiH$ar _wbo Agë`m_wio gmh{OH$M Ë`m§Mm Aä`mg KoÊ`mMo H$m_ lr_hmamOm§H$S>o gmon{dbobo hmoVo. lr_hmamO ñd^mdmZo erK«H$monr. Oam H$mhr _Zm{déÕ Pmbo H$s A~mobm Yam`Mo ! AJXr _m_tda gwÕm amJdm`Mo, A~mobm Yam`Mo ! EH$Xm _m_rZo OodVmZm XmoZ bmSy> OmñV dmT>bo åhUyZ {VÀ`mda amJmdbo hmoVo. na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Mm amJ égdmgwÕm Ë`m§À`m A{Ve` ào_i ñd^mdmMmM ^mJ hmoVm. amJmMm nmam OodT>çm JVrZo da MT>m`Mm VodT>çmM JVrZo Imbrhr `m`Mm. Amnë`m _m_rbm KaH$m_mV _XV H$am`bmhr lr_hmamO VodT>oM VËna AgV. Amnbo gd© ì`mn, ZmoH$ar gm§^miyZ KamV O_ob Vgm H$m_mbm hmV^ma bmdm`Mo. H$moUVohr H$m_ H$am`Mo Vo {dbjU nÕVeranUo. Ë`m_wio _wbm§Zm ^y{_Vr {eH$dm`bm KoVbr Voìhm "`wpŠbS>' H$moU hmoVm ? `oWnmgyZ {eH$dm`bm gwédmV Ho$br. Aä`mg åhUOo narjoMr V`mar Zìho Va kmZJ«hU H$aUo Agm R>m_ {dœmg hmoVm. Ë`m_wio H$moUVmhr {df` Aä`mgVmZm Ago _wimnmgyZ gwédmV H$am`Mo. lr.XÎmm gmodZr gm§JVmV, ""narjm n§Yam {Xdgm§da Ambobr Am{U "`wpŠcS> H$moU hmoVm ?' `oWnmgyZ àma§^ Pmë`mda Amåhr _wb§ hmXê$ZM Jobmo; na§Vw H$moUË`mhr WmVwa_mVwa H$m_mda Ë`m§Mm {dœmgM ZìhVm, Ë`m_wio Amåhmbm Ë`m§À`m _mJm©ZoM Aä`mg nwam H$amdm bmJo.'' H$moUVmhr {df` Agm ZìhVm H$s lr_hmamOm§Zm Ë`mV JVr ZìhVr. {MÌH$bm EdT>r gw§Xa hmoVr H$s am§Jmoir dJ¡ao H$mT>br H$s gmaoOU A{Ve` H$m¡VwH$mZo Ë`m§Mr H$bm Ý`mhmirV amhmV. _mÌ H$m¡VwH$mÀ`m ~m~VrV {dbjU A{bá d¥Îmr hmoVr. EH$Xm _m_tZr hiXrHw§$Hy$ Ho$bo hmoVo. Ë`m {Xder lr_hmamOm§Zr EH$ gw§Xa am§Jmoir KmVbr. EH$m _§{XamÀ`m Xmamer EH$ {^H$mar {^joMr `mMZm H$arV C^m Amho Ago Vo A{Ve` gw§Xa {MÌ hmoVo. lr.XÎmm gmodZr AmXr _wbm§Zr H$m¡VwH$mZo Ë`m {MÌmImbr {MÌH$ma åhUyZ "Am~m' Ago Zmd {b{hbo. lr_hmamOm§Mo {ZH$Q>dVu ZmVodmB©H$ Ë`m§Zm "Am~m'M åhUV AgV, nU Ago Zmd {bhÿZ Amnbr Om{hamV H$aUo Ë`m§Zm A{O~mV AmdS>bo Zmhr Am{U Ë`m§Zr ñdhñVo Vr am§Jmoir nwgyZ Q>mH$br. H$mì` à{V^m Va A{Ve` CÀM XOm©Mr hmoVr. 1936 gmbr XÎmm gmodZtÀ`m _w§OrV lr_hmamOm§Zr A{Ve` gw§Xa Agm Ahoa Ho$bm. EH$ CËH¥$ï> _§Jbmï>H$ aMyZ Vo Ë`m§Zr EH$m H$mJXmda gw§Xa AjamV ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$nUmZo {bhÿZ H$mT>bo. g^modVr gw§Xa dob~wÅ>rMr Mm¡H$Q> H$mT>br Am{U hr AZmoIr ^oQ> Amnë`m _m_o^mdmbm {Xbr. ho _§Jbmï>H g§nyU©nUo n[a{eï> H«$.2 _Ü`o {Xbobo Amho. CnmgZobm.. / 23

g§nyU© _§Jbmï>H$ H$mì` aMZm, Ame` `m§Mm {dMma H$aVm AË`§V loð> XOm©Mo Pmbo AgyZ, d`mÀ`m Mmo{dgmì`m dfu lr_hmamOm§Zr ho H$mì` a{Mbo Amho, ho bjmV KoVm lr_hmamOm§Mr d¡Mm[aH$ ~¡R>H$, àW_nmgyZM gy`©àH$memEdTr ñnï> Am{U àIa Amho ho bjmV `oVo. `m _§Jbmï>H$mV, ~Qy>bm B©œar {d^yVr§~amo~aM {d{dY amï´>^º$m§Mo Amerdm©X {_imdoV åhUyZ gwédmVrbm àmW©Zm Amho. øm_Ü`o lrhZw_mZ, à^y am_M§Ð, N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamO, lr am_Xmg ñdm_r, lrñdm_r g_W©, lr kmZoœa, lr Zm_Xod, lr VwH$mam_ AmXr B©œar {d^yVr Am{U g§Vm§Mo Amerdm©X Ogo _m{JVbo AmhoV, VgoM "bmb-~mb-nmb,' _.Jm§Yr, n§.Zohê$, Z.qM.Ho$iH$a, n§._mbdr` `m ñdmV§Í`bT>çmVrb goZmZt~amo~a `moJr AaqdX~m~y§Mmhr Amerdm©X _m{JVbm Amho. ñdmV§Í`mgmR>r àmUmn©U H$aUmè`m H«$m§{VH$maH$m§Mohr `oWo ñ_aU Ho$bobo Amho. ~«÷M`m©l_mV ~Qy>Zo Y_©ajU, JmonyOZ, Jwégodm, `k`mJ, ~«÷M`©d«VmMo nmbZ AmXr Jmoï>tMm {Zð>mnyd©H$ A§JrH$ma H$ê$Z Hw$imbm ^yfU R>amdo Agm CnXoe Ho$bm Amho. Ë`mhÿZhr _hÎdmMr Anojm ì`º$ Ho$br Amho, Vr "nmaV§Í`mÀ`m n§H$mV' éVboë`m _mV¥^y_rMm CÕma H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mZo g‚m hmoÊ`mMr ! Amnbr hr Anojm bmb emB©Zo AYmoao{IV H$ê$Z lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnbm AJ«H«$_M ñnï> Ho$bm Amho. Ë`mgmR>r ~bmonmgZm H$aÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vmhr gm§{JVbr Amho. e{º$g§nÞ _mUgmbmM bmoH$m§Mm AmXa àmá hmoVmo. `m AmXamMm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z bmoH$m§Zm gwn§Wmbm bmd, Ë`m§À`m_Ü`o amï´>^º$sMo ñ\w$„tJ MoVd Ago lr_hmamOm§Zr ~Qy>bm CnXo{ebo Amho. ho _§Jbmï>H$ lr_hmamOm§Zr Ooìhm _w§OrÀ`m doir Jm{`bo Agob Voìhm Ë`mVrb AmoOñdr {dMmam§Zr CnpñWV _§S>itÀ`m A§Jmda amo_m§M C^o am{hbo AgVrb. lr_hmamOm§À`m ñd^mdmMo "H$mQ>oH$moanUm' ho EH$ _moR>o d¡{eîQ>ç hmoVo. nmMì`m H$S>ì`mV "VwH$mam_' hm eãX "VyH$mam_' Agm {b{hbm AgyZ VoWo IyU H$ê$Z Ë`mMo ñnï>rH$aU Imbr {Xbo Amho, ""`oWo VwH$mam_ Ago Amho. na§Vw àmgmH$arVm XrK©Ëd Amho.'' Aem àË`oH$ ~marH$gmarH$ Vn{ebmÀ`m ~m~VrV lr_hmamO {H$Vr Xj AgV `mMo ho EH$ Mm§Jbo CXmhaU Amho. nwT>rb Am`wî`mV lr_hmamOm§Zr {dnwb H$mì`g§nXm {Z_m©U Ho$br. H$mhr doim nÌmVyZ CnoXena A^§JaMZm, H$Yr Amoì`m, H$Yr H$sV©ZmVrb nXo, gmŠ`m, qXS>çm, AmaË`m, ñVmoÌo, Aï>Ho$, Ymdo Aem AZoH$ H$mì`àH$mamV Ë`m§Zr brb`m g§Mma Ho$bm. XwX¡©dmZo Ë`mVrb ~amMgm ^mJ AmO CnbãY Zmhr. na§Vw AmO CnbãY Agbobo H$mì` nmhmVm, Ë`mVhr {deof C„oIZr` Aem "g§{já gX²Jwé-M[aÌ, am_öX`mMm _amR>r ^mdmW©, lrXÎmOÝ_mÜ`m`' AmXr aMZm nmhmVm, lr_hmamOm§À`m H$mì`à{V^oZo _Z pñV{_V hmoVo. ho _§Jbmï>H$ åhUOo lr_hmamOm§À`m H$mì`g§nXoVrb CnbãY Agbobo ~hþYm n{hbo H$mì`nwîn Agmdo. XÎmm gmodZr gm§JVmV H$s amÌr A§Wê$U KmbVmZm AmYr H$moUr ImobrVrb H$Mam H$mT>bm Agbm Varhr lr_hmamO Amnë`m A§WéUmÀ`m OmJr nwÝhm EH$Xm Ho$agwUr {\$adyZ _JM A§Wê$U Kmbm`Mo. 24 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

""_mÂ`m gmS>oVrZ hmV Xohmbm ngaÊ`mgmR>r bmJUmar OmJm _mPr _bm ñdÀN> Ho$br nm{hOo,'' Ago Ë`m doir Vo åhUV AgV. XmXaÀ`m ~«m÷U godm-_§S>imMo Vo g{H«$` H$m`©H$V}hr hmoVo. 1942-43 _Ü`o _§S>imZo ì`m»`mZ_mcm Am`mo{OV Ho$cr hmoVr. gd©lr {e.c.H$a§XrH$a, ^mcmH$ma ^monQ>H$a, O_ZmXmg _ohVm Aem Zm_d§V dŠË`m§Mr gmV {Xdg ^mfUo Pmcr. eodQ>À`m {Xder `m ^mfUm§Mm AmT>mdm KoD$Z g_mamon H$aÊ`mMr {dZ§Vr H$m`©H$mar _§S>imZo AJXr Am`Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§Zm Ho$cr. lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m gmVhr ^mfUm§Mo gma 15 Vo 20 {_{ZQ>mV gm§JyZ g_mamonmMo ^mfU AJXr CËH¥$ï>nUo Ho$co. H$moUË`mhr àH$maMr {Q>nUo H$mT>cocr ZgVmZm, \$ma H$m`, _Zmo_Z COiUr H$am`cmhr doi {_imcocm ZgVmZm EdT>o gw§Xa, _wÔogyX ^mfU H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zr MmoI§Xi {dÛ‚mZ lmoË`m§Zm _§Ì_w½Y Ho$co Vo Amnë`m àJë^ ~w{Õ_ÎmoZo, CËH¥$ï> ñ_aUeº$sZo Am{U X¡dr dº¥$Ëd JwUmZo. `mM H$mimV lr_hmamOm§Zr kmZoœar AmXr J«§Wm§da àdMZo Ho$cr. A_moK AmoKdVo dº¥$Ëd, {df`mMm gImoc Aä`mg Am{U ñdV:Mm Agm {df`mH$S>o nmhmÊ`mMm Img Ñ{ï>H$moZ `m_wio Ë`m§À`m àdMZm§Zm JXu cmoQy> cmJcr hmoVr. AJXr VéU d`mV cm^cocm ZmQ>H$mMm N>§X lr_hmamOm§Zr Mm§JcmM Omonmgcm hmoVm. lr.{dîUy gImam_ Omoer `m _yi nmo_|S>rÀ`mM J¥hñWm§Zr Ë`m g§X^m©V AZoH$ AmR>dUr gm§{JVë`m AmhoV. ~«m÷U godm_§S>imVrc hm¡er ZmQ>çào_r _§S>itMo "ñdY_©' godm ZmQ>ç_§S>i hmoVo. 1946-47 gmcr `m _§S>imZo Ho$coë`m "H$arZ Vr nyd©' `m ZmQ>H$mV lr_hmamOm§Zr "JOam' hr ñÌr ^y{_H$m Ho$cr hmoVr Am{U OmUH$ma ZmQ>çào_tMr XmX {_idcr hmoVr. 1945 gmcr nmo_|S>r `oWo "ehm{edmOr' ZmQ>H$mV Ë`m§Zr ^y{_H$m Ho$cr hmoVr. 1947 gmcr nmo_|S>rcm "{edg§^d' ZmQ>H$ H$aÊ`mV Amco hmoVo. Ë`mV lr_hmamOm§Zr "{OOmD$'Mr à_wI ^y{_H$m Ho$cr hmoVr. ho ZmQ>H$ EdT>o gw§Xa ~gco hmoVo H$s, nmo_|S>rÀ`m àmW{_H$ emioÀ`m _XVrgmR>r `m ZmQ>H$mMm aËZm{Jarcm cVm Q>m°H$sO_Ü`o 12 _o 1948 amoOr {VH$sQ> cmdyZ à`moJ H$aÊ`mV Amcm. IM© dOm OmVm emiocm 800 én`m§Mm {ZYr XoÊ`mV Amcm. ZmQ>H$mMm à`moJ CËH¥$ï> hmoÊ`mgmR>r lr_hmamO A{dlm§V n[al_ H$am`Mo. {X½Xe©Z, g§JrV {X½Xe©Z `m gmè`mMr O~m~Xmar lr_hmamOM CMcm`Mo. ZmQ>H$ Am{U Ë`mMm àË`oH$ A§H$ doiodaM gwê$ Pmcm nm{hOo `m{df`r Vo AmJ«hr AgV. "{edg§^d'À`m `m _hÎdmÀ`m à`moJmgmR>r _{hZm^a AmYrnmgyZ lr_hmamO nmo_|S>rcm _w¸$m_ R>moHy$Z hmoVo. _mÌ nmÌm§À`m H$m_mÀ`m dmQ>Urdê$Z H$mhr _V^oX Pmco. lr.{dZm`H$amd Omoer Ë`m doir {dÚmWu XeoV hmoVo. {dÚmÏ`mªZr {dÚmä`mgmV cj H|${ÐV H$amdo. ZmQ>H$mV H$m_o H$ê$ Z`oV Ago Ë`m§Mo _V hmoVo; na§Vw Varhr {dZm`H$amdm§Zm H$m_ {Xco Joco, Ë`m_wio VmpÎdH$ ^y{_Ho$VyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr `m ZmQ>H$mV ^y{_H$m H$aUo ZmH$maco. _mÌ ZmQ>H$ `eñdr ìhmdo åhUyZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m à`ËZmV H$moUVr H$gya R>odcr Zmhr. nmo_|S>rMo J«m_ñW lr.gXm{ed AZ§V Omoer Am{U lr.cú_U lrH¥$îU Omoer `m§À`m CnmgZobm.. / 25

_m{hVrZwgma `m à`moJmZ§Va lr_hmamO 1982-83 gmcmn`ªV nwÝhm nmo_|S>rcm H$Yrhr Joco ZìhVo. 1946-47 gmcr lr_hmamO ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z aËZm{Jarcm `oD$Z am{hco. `m {ZU©`mMr H$maU_r_m§gm H$moU H$aUma ? na§Vw ZmoH$arÀ`m Mm¡H$Q>rV ~gUmao Vo ì`{º$_Îd ZìhVo; H$moUË`mhr ~§YZmV qH$dm MmH$moarV a_Ê`mMm ñd^md ZìhVm. `oWyZ nwT>o 1956 À`m gw_mamg nwÊ`mcm gX²>Jwê$ lr~m~m _hmamOm§À`m _§{XamMr Ywam CMcon`ªV lr_hmamO aËZm{JarcmM am{hco. _w§~B©hÿZ aËZm{Jarcm Amë`mda lr_hmamO _w»`V: aËZm{Jar JmdmVM amhmV. nmo_|S>rÀ`m _yi Karhr am{hco ZìhVo; AJa nèømÀ`m AmirVrc Omoer Hw$Q>w§~r`m§À`m Karhr am{hco ZìhVo. nèømÀ`m AmirVrc `m KamV Ë`m§À`m dmQ>çmcm EH$ Imocr Amcocr hmoVr; na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Mm _w¸$m_ aËZm{JarVrc 2-3 doJdoJù`m cm°qOJ ~moS>vJ_Ü`o doJdoJù`m H$mcI§S>mV hmoVm. H$mhr {Xdg lr.h[a^mD$ Hw$cH$Ê`mªÀ`m "H¥$îUml_' cm°qOJ ~moS>vJ_Ü`o hmoVo. H$mhr {Xdg _moaoœa _wù`m§À`m "OZVml_mV' Va H$mhr {Xdg "lrg_W© ^moOZJ¥h' `m ~g ñWmZH$mOdirc dgVrJ¥hmV Vo amhmV. `m dgVrJ¥hmVyZ amhmÊ`mMo H$maU ~hþYm Ü`mZYmaUogmR>r nwaogm EH$m§V Am{U doi {_imdm Ago Agmdo. lr.eaXamd Jmo. H$moH$Oo ho lr_hmamOm§Mo {Zñgr_ ^º$ Ë`m doir åhUOo 1949-50 gmcr "OZVml_' _Ü`o H$m_mcm hmoVo. OZVml_mV nS>oc Vo H$m_ H$ê$Z, Ë`mM doir Vo emioVhr OmV hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Mr godm H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr Ë`m doir Ë`m§Zm {_imcr. Ë`m doir _hmamOm§Mr {XZM`m© H$er hmoVr `mMo Vn{ecdma dU©Z Vo gm§JVmV. lr_hmamO ^ë`m nhmQ>o CRy>Z ñZmZ-g§Ü`m AmQ>monyZ Amnë`m Imocrcm AmVyZ H$S>r cmdyZ Ü`mZmcm ~gV. `m gH$miÀ`m doir Ë`m§Zm H$moUr ^oQ>m`cm `oV Zgo. gmYmaUnUo 10 dmOon`ªV Ü`mZ-YmaUm H$ê$Z 10.30À`m gw_mamg H$nS>o H$ê$Z _hmamO ~mhoa OmÊ`mg {ZKV. YmoVa, Jù`mn`ªV ~Q>Uo cmdcocm nm§T>am gXam, Ë`mda amImS>r a§JmMm H$moQ>, H$mir Q>monr, nm`mV H$aH$a dmOUmè`m OwÝ`m nÕVrÀ`m Mncm Am{U e|S>r R>odcocr. Ho$g H$Yr AJXr ~marH$ H$mncoco Va H$Yr g§nyU© H$mT>coco Am{U e|S>r R>odcocr Ago. hmVmV A§JR>r Ago. nmoemI A{Ve` ñdÀN>, ZrQ>ZoQ>H$m Ago. Xwnmar 1 dmOÊ`mÀ`m Xaå`mZ naV `oV. H$YrH$Yr Cerahr hmoB©. Amë`mda Ë`m§Zm OodU dmT>m`Mo H$m_ lr.H$moH$Oo H$arV. H$maU pñÌ`m§Zr OodU dmT>coco Ë`m§Zm MmcV Zgo. Ë`m§Mm nmÊ`mMm Vm§ã`m^m§S>o, VmQ>-dmQ>r hr ñdV§Ì AgV. Vr \$º$ Ë`m§À`mnwaVrM dmnacr OmV. Ë`m§Mo XodnyOoMo nmUr, {nÊ`mMo nmUr hogwÕm H$moH$OoM Ë`m§À`m ImocrV ZoD Z R>odV. Ë`m§À`m ImocrV Ë`m§À`mì`{V[aº$ AÝ` H$moUr OmV Zgo. gm`§H$mir ghmÀ`m Xaå`mZ Vo ~mhoa Joco H$s AmR>-gmS>oAmR> dmOon`ªV naV `oV. `mZ§Va gm`§g§Ü`m, Ü`mZYmaUm H$aVmZm Ë`m§Mr Imocr ~§X Ago. amÌrMo OodU C{eam åhUOo XhmÀ`m Xaå`mZ hmoB©. OodU Pmco H$s AmoQ>rda ~mH$mda ~gV. gdmªer _Z_moH$ù`m Jßnm hmoV. gdmªMr {dMmanyg H$aV Am{U amÌm¡ AH$amÀ`m gw_mamg ImocrV OmV. 26 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

`m OZVml_mV lr_hmamO gmYmaU XmoZ df} hmoVo. nwT>o Vo g_W© ^moOZmc`mV amhm`cm Joco. Vo H$moR>ohr am{hco Var gd©gmYmaU {XZH« _ `mMà_mUo Agmdm. gm`§H$miÀ`m doir lr_hmamO ~mOmanoR>oVrc _Ü`dVu Aem JmoIco ZmŠ`mdarc lr.{dZm`H$ Ho$ed VWm XÎmmon§V Omoer `m§À`m Q>oc[a¨JÀ`m XwH$mZmV OmV AgV. lr.XÎmmon§V `m§Mo dS>rc H¡$.Ho$ed _hmXod Omoer `m§Mm g§{já C„oI `mnydu Xwgè`m àH$aUmV Amcm Amho. lr.Ho$ed _hmXod Omoer `m§Mo _yi Jmd "ImZy' ho aËZm{Jar nmgyZ 25 {H$._r. A§Vamda Agcoco IoS>oJmd. Ho$edamd ~mcd`mV AgVmZmM Ë`m§À`m d{S>cm§Mo {ZYZ Pmco. Ho$edamdm§À`m _mVmolr Ë`m§À`m {ejUmgmR>r _moR>çm YmS>gmZo KaMo nmR>~i ZgVmZm aËZm{Jarcm `oD$Z am{hë`m. Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§Mo MwcV AmOmo~m har gImam_ `m§Zr Ë`m§Zm Aml` {Xcm. Ë`m_wio Ho$edamdm§Mo Am{U Ë`m§À`m _mVmoltMo `m Kamer ZmË`mnojmhr ÑT> Ago g§~§Y {Z_m©U Pmco. ñdV:À`m hþemarZo, H$ï>mZo Am{U har gImam_ `m§À`m nmR>~im_wio Ho$edamd {ejU nyU© H$ê$Z gaH$mar ZmoH$arV _m_coXma nXmda MT>co. nwT>o 1930 gmcr {MaZoa `oWo Pmcoë`m O§Jc gË`mJ«hmV nmo{cgr Jmoir~mamVyZ gË`mJ«htZm dmMdVmZm Vo ñdV:M nmo{bgm§Mr Jmoir cmJyZ hþVmË_m Pmco. Ë`m§Mo gd© Hw$Qw>~§ r` aËZm{JarcmM ñWm{`H$ Pmco hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm gmV _wcJo Am{U nmM _wcr hmoË`m. Ë`mVrc gdm©V _moR>o lr.{dZm`H$ Ho$ed Omoer ho aËZm{Jarcm ImcÀ`m AmirV amhmV AgV Am{U Q>oc[a¨J ì`dgm` H$arV. Ë`m§Mo YmH$Q>o ~§Yy lr.aKwZmW Ho$ed Omoer ho Amnë`m d{S>cm§à_mUoM _hgyc ImË`mV ZmoH$arg cmJyZ _m_coXma Pmco. 1951-52 gmcr {S>pñQ´>ŠQ> cmoH$c ~moS>m©Mo goH«o$Q>ar åhUyZ Vo aËZm{Jar `oWo H$m_ nmhmV hmoVo. Ë`m doir ho XmoÝhr ~§Yy EH$ÌM amhmV hmoVo. lr_hmamO 1946-47 gmcmnmgyZ aËZm{Jarcm amhÿ cmJë`mda, H$YrH$Yr gm`§H$mir `m lr.XÎmmon§Vm§À`m XwH$mZmV {da§Jwim åhUyZ Jßnm _maÊ`mgmR>r OmV AgV. `m XwH$mZmV aËZm{JarVrc à{V{ð>V dJm©Vrc ~è`mM OUm§Mr gm`§H$miÀ`m doir Jßnm Jmoï>tgmR>r hOoar cmJm`Mr. Ë`m doir lr_hmamO Yy_n« mZ H$arV AgV. XwH$mZmV Mhm, {dS>r, {gJaoQ>²g `m§Mr XodmU KodmU H$arV AZoH$ {df`m§da Jßnm§Mo \$S> a§Jm`Mo. Odi am_AmirV Xm_ë`m§Mo hm°Q>c o hmoV.o VoWo H$mOy Am{U Q>m_o Q° >mM o r Cgi \$ma Mm§Jcr {_im`Mr. _moR>çm AmH$mamÀ`m nwè`m Am{U H$mOyMr Cgi VgoM WmcrnrR> Ago Img _hmamOm§À`m AmdS>rMo nXmW© lr_hmamO _mJdyZ gdmªZm ImD$ Kmcm`Mo. AWm©VM XwH$mZmV O_Umao ~aoMgo à{V{ð>V aËZm{JarH$a AÜ`mË_m~Ôc {Okmgm ~miJUmao hmoVo Am{U Ë`m ~¡R>H$sVrc _§S>itZm EH$Ì AmUUmam Vmo g_mZ YmJm hmoVm. Ë`mM doir aËZm{JarOdiÀ`m nmdg Jmdr ñdm_r ñdê$nmZ§X `m§Mo Zmdhr AmÜ`mpË_H$ dVw©imV nwT>o `oV hmoVo. 1951-52 gmcr lr.XÎmmon§Vm§Mo H${Zð> ~§Yy lr.aKwZmWamd aËZm{Jarcm ~XcyZ Amë`mda gmh{OH$M Vohr `m dVw©imV AcJX gm_mdco Joco. lr.aKwZmWamd hohr AmÜ`mpË_H$ gmYZoMr AmdS> Agcoco CnmgZobm.. / 27

na§Vw ñdV:Mr ZmoH$ar àm_m{UH$nUo gm§^miyZ gmYZm H$aUmao hmoVo. `m dVw©imV `mM Xaå`mZ lr.XÎmmon§Vm§Mo K{Zð> {_Ì, Ë`m§À`m _yi JmdMo, ImZyMo Ë`m§Mo eoOmar, lr.am_M§Ð JmoqdX VWm ~mnwamd Im§S>oH$a hohr g_m{dï> Pmco. n[aUm_ñdê$n lr_hmamO, lr.XÎmmon§V Am{U lr.aKwZmWamd ho ~§YwÛ` Am{U lr.~mnwamd Im§S>oH$a `m§À`mV EH$ A{Ve` K{Zð>> Am{U cmo^g Ago ZmVo {Z_m©U Pmco. `m ZmË`mcm AmÜ`mpË_H$ {Okmgm, AmXa, ^º$s, _¡Ìr Ago AZoH$ nXa hmoVo. aËZm{JarÀ`m dmñVì`mV H$mhr doim lr_hmamO lr.XÎmmon§Vm§À`m ImcMr Amir `oWrc Kar _w¸$m_mcmgwÕm am{hco hmoVo. gdmªnmgyZ A{cá Aem amhmÊ`mZo Ë`m§Zm gmYZogmR>r ^anya doi {_iV hmoVm. Ë`m_wio `m H$mimV _Z:nyV gmYZm Pmcr. ImocrMo Xma ~§X H$ê$Z ì`mK«M_m©da ~gyZ VmgZ²Vmg H$R>moa gmYZm Mmcm`Mr. gVVÀ`m Ü`mZmä`mgm_wio, CnmgZo_wio earamV ^anya CîUVm {Z_m©U hmoV Ago. A§JmMm Xmh hmoB©. _J {d{harda OmD$Z W§S>Jma nmÊ`mÀ`m H$iem YS>mYS> A§Jmda AmoVyZ KoV. _J nwÝhm Ü`mZmcm ~gV. H$Yr H$Yr {XdgmVyZ gVam-AR>am doim Am§Kmoi hmoV Ago. ~mø CnmYtnmgyZ Ë`m§Zr ñdV:cm OmUrdnyd©H$ A{cá R>odco. H$moR>o \$mago OmUo `oUo ZìhVo. ZmVodmBH$m§Mrhr CnmYr ZìhVr. ñZohrOZ hmoVo Vo gd© CnmgZoÀ`m n§WmVcoM hmoVo. g§nH©$ hmoVm Vmo Aem {ZdS>H$ cmoH$m§erM. nwÊ`mcm lrgX²>Jwê$ ~m~m _hmamOm§H$S>o Xe©Zmcm OmUo, Ë`m§À`mer AYyZ_YyZ nÌì`dhma H$aUo Am{U Ë`m§Mo _mJ©Xe©Z {_idUo ho dma§dma MmcyM hmoVo. lrgX²Jwê$ {XJ§~a~m~m dhmiH$am§Mr àW_>^oQ> 1942À`m gw_mamg Pmcr hmoVr. Ë`m§À`m gmdS>çm©À`m lrXod XÎm XodñWmZmV OmD$Z lr dhmiH$a~wdm§er H$Yr_Yr gwIg§dmX H$ê$Z `m`Mo. aËZm{JarVhr Ë`m§Zm A{Ve` _mZUmam, Ë`m§À`m A{YH$mamMr OmUrd AgUmam Am{U CnmgZm _mJm©_Ü`o éMr AgUmam Agm EH$ dJ© hmoVm. ~m.^.n§{S>V dH$sc, AZ§Vamd ~d} dH$sc, _mYdamd ~d}, _moamon§V Omoer, S>m°.{MVio, JÐo, S>m°.~mny Jmoao, ZmZc Ago aËZm{JarÀ`m g_mO OrdZmVrc à{V{ð>V _mohao Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Am{U _mJ©Xe©ZmgmR>r AmdOy©Z `oV AgV. AYyZ_YyZ lr_hmamO `mVrc EImÚmÀ`m Kar OmV AgV. aËZm{JarnmgyZ 17-18 {H$bmo_rQ>ada nmdg ZmdmMo Jmd Amho. VoWo lr.am_M§Ð {dîUy JmoS>~moco D$\©$ lr ñdm_r ñdê$nmZ§X `m§Mo dmñVì` hmoVo. VéU d`mV ñdmV§Í` MidirV ^mJ KoD$Z Vwé§Jdmghr gmogcoco lr ñdê$nmZ§X ho lr JUoeZmW d¡Ú `m§Mo {eî`. nwT>o AmOmanUm_wio àH¥$Vr AJXr Vmoim_mgm Pmcr hmoVr Ë`m_wio ~hþVoH$ doim Vo nmdg `oWoM dmñVì` H$ê$Z hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr "A^§J kmZoœar', "g§OrdZr JmWm' AmXr J«§W {c{hco. lr_hmamOm§Mr Am{U Ë`m§Mr àW_^oQ> 1949 gmcr Pmcr. lr.XÎmmon§V Omoer, lr.aKwZmWamd D$\©$ amdgmho~ Omoer, lr.~mnwamd Im§S>oH$a Am{U lr_hmamO d lr ñdê$nmZ§X `m gdmªMo EH$_oH$m§er A{Ve` K{Zð> g§~§Y Ë`m H$mimV {Z_m©U Pmcoco hmoVo. n{hë`m ^oQ>rZ§Va XmoZM _{hÝ`m§Zr lr ñdê$nmZ§Xm§Zr Ë`m§À`m Jwê$§À`m Ñï>mÝVmÛmao {_imcoë`m AmXoemZwgma, 28 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Ë`m§Mr ZmW g§àXm`mMr na§nam gd© eº$s A{YH$mam§gh lr_hmamOm§H$S>o XoÊ`mMr BÀN>m ì`º$ Ho$cr. lr_hmamO hr O~m~Xmar ñdrH$maÊ`mg V`ma ZìhVo. na§Vw lr ñdê$nmZ§X åhUmco H$s, Ë`m§À`m Jwê§$À`m AmkoZo hm ZmW g§àXm` lr_hmamOm§ZrM Mmcdm`Mm Amho. lr_hmamOm§Zr hr h{H$H$V lrgX²>Jwê$ ~m~m _hmamOm§À`m H$mZr KmVcr. lr~m~m àW_ åhUmco H$s, ""AmnUmcm H$moUmMo H$mhr ¿`m`Mo Zmhr.'' na§Vw Z§Va lr~m~m g_mYr AdñWoV XrS> Vmg hmoVo. ^mZmda Amë`mda Vo åhUmco, ""{dR>mo~m, ZmW g§àXm`mMr Ywam gm§^miUo ho nyduMo H$m_ Amho. Vo Ho$co nm{hOo. Vy na§nam d gX²>JwénX R>od.'' `m H$mimV Omoer ~§Yy Am{U ~mnwamd Im§S>oH$a `m {ÌdJm©Mo lr_hmamOm§H$S>o Iyn OmUo-`oUo hmoVo. lr_hmamOhr dma§dma nmdgcm lr ñdê$nmZ§Xm§H$S>o OmV AgV. Ë`m doir nmdgcm Om`Mo åhUOo aËZm{JarOdirc ^mQ>çmMr ImS>r hmoS>rVyZ nma H$am`Mr Am{U nwT>o EImXr JmS>r {_imcr Va Rr>H$, AÝ`Wm Vo 17-18 {H$._r. A§Va MmcyZ Om`Mo. na§Vw AÜ`mË_MM}Mr EdT>r JmoS>r hmoVr H$s, dma§dma hr _§S>ir EH$_oH$mg ^oQ>V hmoVr. Ë`mVhr J§_V Aer H$s, XÎmmon§V Omoer Am{U ~mnwamd Im§S>oH$a ho lr_hmamOm§H$Sy>Z AZwJ«h KoÊ`mgmR>r CËgwH$ hmoVo; nU lr_hmamO _mÌ aKwZmWamd OmoetZmM AZwJ«h Úm`cm V`ma hmoVo. gaH$mar ZmoH$arV "_m_coXma' nX gm§^miUmao aKwZmWamd _mÌ hmV OmoSy>Z åhUm`Mo, ""_cm H$mhr Vw_Mm AZwJ«h ZH$mo. _cm Vw_Mo Jwê$-{eî` ho ZmVo PonUmao Zmhr. gÜ`m AmhoV Vgo {_ÌËdmMo g§~§Y Am{U ào_^md AgmM {Q>H$m`cm hdm.'' Agm hm _moR>m ào_mMm Jw§Vm hmoVm. EH$Xm ho gmaoMOU nmdgcm lr ñdê$nmZ§Xm§H$S>o O_co hmoVo Am{U Ë`m§À`mg_moa `m {df`mMr COiUr Pmcr. Voìhm lr ñdê$nmZ§Xm§ZrM aKwZmWamdm§Zm g_Omdco, ""lr_hmamOm§Mm AZwJ«h {_iUo `mcm nyd©nwÊ`mB© cmJVo. Vmo Acä` cm^ Amho. Vy hr g§Yr gmoSy> ZH$mo.'' aKwZmWamdm§À`m XmoÝhr ñZoøm§ZrgwÕm VoM gm§{JVco Am{U Ë`m {Xder lr_hmamOm§Zr aKwZmWamdm§Zm Am{U Ë`mM doir XÎmmon§V Am{U ~mnwamd `m§Zmhr AZwJ«h {Xcm. lr ñdê$nmZ§Xm§Zr {c{hcoë`m A^§J-kmZoœarÀ`m àH$meZm_mJo lr_hmamOm§Mr _moR>r àoaUm, eº$s Am{U g{H«$` _XV hmoVr. N>nmB© dJ¡aogmR>r n¡go dJ©UrVyZ O_m H$aUo, {dVaUmgmR>r ì`dñWm H$aUo `m àË`oH$ ~m~VrV lr_hmamOm§Zr _XV Ho$cr. Ë`m J«§WmgmR>r "gw_Zm§Ocr' ZmdmMr H$mì`_` àñVmdZm {c{hcr. Á`m d¥ÎmmV A^§J kmZoœar Amho Ë`mM d¥ÎmmV hr gw_Zm§Ocr {c{hcocr Amho. lr_hmamO Am{U lr ñdê$nmZ§X `m§Mm ~hþVoH$ nÌì`dhma hm H$mì`mVyZM Pmcocm Amho (nÌ H«$. 1, n[a{eï> H«$. 4). EH$_oH$m§Zm nañnam§{df`r AË`§V AmXa hmoVm. na§Vw ho _Ywa g§~§Y 1960À`m Xaå`mZ I§S>rV Pmco. lr ñdê$nmZ§Xm§Zr lr_hmamOm§À`m H$mhr H¥$Vrda Q>rH$m Ho$cr. lr_hmamO åhUmco H$s, _r Oo H$mhr H$aVmo Vo lrgX²>Jwê§$Mr Amkm KoD$ZM H$aVmo. ñdV:À`m _ZmZo H$mhr H$arV Zmhr. AmnUhr gËnwéf AmhmV. AmnUmg A§VÑ©ï>r Amho. Ago AgVmZm CnmgZobm.. / 29

`m _mÂ`m H¥$Vrda AmnU Q>rH$m H$er Ho$cr ? EdT>çm dfm©V AmnU _cm H$m` AmoiIcoV ? `mZ§Va lr_hmamO lr ñdê$nmZ§Xm§H$S>o H$Yrhr Joco ZmhrV. lr~m~m§Zm gmH$S>o KmcyZ lr_hmamO ZmW g§àXm`mMr gmon{dÊ`mV Amcocr O~m~Xmarhr Ë`mJy BpÀN>V hmoVo. na§Vw lr~m~m§Zr Ñï>mÝVmÛmao Amkm Ho$cr H$s, "ZmW g§àXm` naV H$am`Mm Zmhr. Vmo Vy _mÂ`m nm`mer R>od. H$mhr H$mimZ§Va Vmo ZmW g§àXm` AmnU Amnë`m ñdê$n g§àXm`m~amo~a nwÝhm Mmcdy.' gZ 1949 Vo 1960 `m H$mimV lr_hmamOm§Zr lr ñdê$nmZ§X `m§À`m ZmW g§àXm`mMr Xrjm lr.CÕdamd Im§S>oH$a, lr. dg§V n§{S>V, lr.am_^mD$ AmR>ë`o, lr.h[a^mD$ AmR>ë`o BË`mXr AZoH$m§Zm {Xcr hmoVr. _mÌ nwT>o g§~§Y VwQ>ë`mda `m gd© _§S>itH$Sy>Z Zmai R>odyZ Vmo g§àXm` naV H$a{dcm Am{U ñdê$n g§àXm`mMr Xrjm {Xcr. `m gmè`m Jmoï>r nwT>À`m H$mimVrc, na§Vw 1949-50À`m Xaå`mZ _mÌ lr.XÎmmon§V, lr.aKwZmWamd Am{U ~mnwamd Im§S>oH$a `m§Mm lr_hmamOm§er AJXr ào_mMm Am{U {ZH$Q >g§~§Y {Z_m©U Pmcm hmoVm. ImZycm lr.~mnwamd Im§S>oH$am§À`m Kar lr_hmamO AZoH$ doiocm _w¸$m_mgmR>r OmV AgV. ImZycm EH$ àmMrZ Ago ñd`§^y lr Jm§Joœa _§{Xa Amho. KZXmQ> XodamB©V cncoco ho XoD$i JmdÀ`m dñVrnmgyZ Xya, JmdÀ`m EH$m ~mOycm Amho. {Xdgmhr EH$Q>çmcm Om`cm ^rVr dmQ>mdr EdT>r XmQ> PmS>r Am{U amZdoctMr Jw§Vdi ! dmKmo~m AYyZ_YyZ Xe©Z XoD$Z Om`MoM; {edm` _§{Xa n[agamMr amIU H$aUmam ZmJamO VoWo Ad{MV Ñï>rg nS>m`Mm. `m Aem OmJr lr_hmamOm§Zm Vnü`}gmR>r Amdí`H$ Vmo EH$m§V {_im`Mm. amÌrÀ`m doir OodUImU Pmco H$s, lr_hmamO, ~mnwamd, XÎmmon§V, aKwZmWamd Omoer Aer _§S>ir VoWo OmD$Z Ü`mZYmaUm H$am`Mr. 1951 gmbr `m _§{XamVrb {Ìnwar nm¡{U©_oÀ`m CËgdmbmhr lr_hmamO CnpñWV am{hbo hmoVo. ~mnwamd Im§S>oH$am§er lr_hmamOm§Mo EdT>o g»` Owico H$s, {X.22.9.1952 amoOr Ë`m§Zr Amnco d¡`{º$H$ XodñWmZ ImZycm lr.~mnwamdm§À`m Kar Zoco. Im§S>oH$am§Mo Ka åhUOo EH$ _moR>m dmS>mM hmoVm. AZoH$ Imoë`m, _moR>r AmoQ>r-nS>dr, Mm¡gmonr Zìho nU Mmar {Xem§Zr ngacoë`m Ë`m _moR>çm KamMr _mS>rhr àeñV hmoVr. _mS>rda cm§~ê§$X nyU© C§MrÀ`m 4-6 Imoë`m hmoË`m. Ë`m _mS>rda lr_hmamOm§Zr EH$m ImocrV Amnë`m XodVm§Mr ñWmnZm Ho$cr. lr.~mnwamdm§Mo {Ma§Ord lr.{dO`amd ho Ë`m doir ~mcd`mMo hmoVo; na§Vw AOyZhr Ë`m doiÀ`m Ë`m XodñWmZmMo {MÌ Ë`m§À`m ñ_¥VrV VmOo Amho. Ë`m§À`m gm§JÊ`mZwgma, ImocrV EH$m ~mOyg q^VrOdi ho XodñWmZ R>odyZ Vr OmJm Mm§Jcr e¥§Jmacocr Ago. Xe©ZmgmR>r `oUmè`m _mUgm§Zm ~gÊ`mgmR>r nwT>o _moR>r gVa§Or KmVcocr Ago. lr_hmamOm§Mo AmgZ ì`mK«M_m©Mo hmoVo. Ë`m ImocrV EH$ {dcjU gwJ§Y OmUdm`Mm. Vmo gwJ§Y CX~ÎmrMm ZìhVm. Vmo {dcjU gwJ§Y ImocrMo Xma CKS>ë`mda AJa {IS>H$sMr PS>n CKS>ë`mda WmoS>çm à_mUmV ~mhoahr OmUdm`Mm. Ë`m gwJ§YmZo _Z {dcjU àgÞ ìhm`Mo. 30 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

XodñWmZ ImZycm Zoë`mZ§Va lrñdm_r g_W© O`§Vr, lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mr O`§Vr, lr~rS>H$a _hmamO nwÊ`{VWr, Jwécrcm_¥V, JwéM[aÌ B. J«§Wm§Mr nmam`Uo dJ¡ao H$m`©H«$_ lr_hmamO VoWo H$ê$ cmJco. A{^foH$, nmoWrdmMZ, AmaVr, _hmàgmX Ago gmYmaU H$m`©H$« _mMo ñdê$n Agm`Mo. aËZm{JarhÿZ `oD$Z {ZdS>H$ cmoH$ hOoar cmdm`Mo. _hmàgmXmMr gd© O~m~Xmar lr_Vr grVm~mB© `m ~mnwamdm§À`m nËZr KamVrc AÝ` pñÌ`m§g_doV CMcm`À`m. ~mhoê$Z AmMmar, ñd`§nmH$s ~mocmdcocm Zgo. CËgdmÀ`m doir XodmnwT>o ^º$_§S>itZr R>odcoco gd© n¡go _{ZAm°S>©aZo nwÊ`mcm lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _§{XamV nmR>dco OmV. Ë`mMà_mUo CËgdmgmR>r Amcoë`m IMm©Mr a¸$_ lr.~mnwamdm§À`m hmVr nyU© {heo~ H$ê$Z R>odcr Om`Mr. n¡go KoÊ`mg ~mnwamd g§H$moMy cmJë`mda, lr_hmamO Zoh_r Ë`m§Zm gm§Jm`Mo H$s hm ì`dhma Amho. Vmo H$mQ>oH$moanUo nmicm nm{hOo. lr_hmamOm§Zr EH$ nmonQ> nmicocm hmoVm. Ë`mMm qnOamhr _mS>rda hmoVm. Ë`m nmonQ>mgmR>r \$io dJ¡ao ImUo lr_hmamO ñdV: KoD$Z `oV AgV. Ë`mcm ~mocm`cm {eH$dco hmoVo. "_r JwéZmW, _r JwéZmW' Ago lr_hmamO {eH$dV Am{U Vmo nmonQ> Ë`mà_mUo åhUV Ago. ""ImZy `oWo JwéZmW Zm_o nmonQ> Amcm Amho. lrMaUr lwV ìhmdo'' Aer EH$ gm§Ho${VH$ {Q>nUr lr~m~m§Zm 12.4.1954 amoOr nmR>{dcoë`m nÌmV Amho. `m nmonQ>mMr h{H$H$Vhr {dcjUM Amho. EH$ {Xdg ~mnwamd Im§S>oH$am§À`m AmoQ>rda lr_hmamO ~gcoco hmoVo. g_moa A§JUmV EH$ nmonQ> `oD$Z CVacm. Ë`m doir lr_hmamO ~mnwamd Im§S>oH$am§Zm åhUmco, ""Aao ~mny, Vmo nmonQ> ~K Amcm`. Ë`mcm KoD$Z `o BH$S>o !'' ~mnwamdm§Zr OmD$Z A§JUmVyZ Vmo nmonQ> KamV AmUcm Am{U _hmamOm§Zr ào_mZo Vmo nmonQ> nmicm hmoVm. ImZy `oWrc XodñWmZ Ooìhm nwT>o aËZm{Jarcm lr.Zmam`Uamd Xr{jVm§H$S>o ZoÊ`mV Amco, Voìhm hm "JwéZmW'hr aËZm{Jarcm ZoÊ`mV Amcm. aËZm{JarhÿZ lr_hmamOm§Zm nmR>dcoë`m AZoH$ nÌmV `m JwéZmWMr Iwemcr Xr{jV lr_hmamOm§Zm AmdOy©Z H$idrV AgV. Ago C„oI AJXr 81-82 gmcmn`ªVÀ`m nÌmV AmT>iVmV. {X. 9.6.59À`m nÌmV (nÌ H«$. 8, n[a{eï>> H«$. 4) Xr{jV {c{hVmV "".... JwéZmW ~am Amho. AOyZ ZdrZ {ng§o `oD$ cmJcocr Zmhr§V. Am¡fY gwê$ Amho ....'' lr~m~m _hmamOm§Zm nmonQ>mMr AmdS> hmoVr. lr.Hw$iJmdH$a Omoer, lr.am_M§Ð Am§~oH$a Aem Amnë`m H$mhr ^º$m§Zm lr~m~m§Zr nmonQ> nmim`cm {Xco hmoVo. Xya H$moH$UmV dmñVì`mcm Agcoë`m Amnë`m {eî`moÎm_mcm lr~m~m§ZrM Va JwéZmW ^oQ>rgmR>r YmSy>Z {Xcm Zgoc ? lr_Vr grVm~mB© Im§S>oH$a gm§JVmV H$s _hmamOm§Mo KamVrc dmñVì` H$moUmcmhr H$moUË`mhr àH$mao ÌmgXm`H$ Zgm`Mo. AË`§V gmYr amhmUr, {H$_mZ JaOm Am{U nyU© ñdmdc§~r OrdZnÕVr, `m_wio lr_hmamOm§Mr H$moUmcmM H$gcr CnmYr Zgo. ñdV:Mo H$nS>o ñdV:M Ywdm`Mo. EH$Xm ~mnwamdm§Zr CnmgZobm.. / 31

JS>çmcm gm§JyZ H$nS>o nañna Ywdm`cm {Xco Va _hmamO H$moU g§Vmnco ! ""_cm Xwgè`mZo YwVcoco H$nS>o AmdS>V ZmhrV'' Ago Vo åhUmco. grVm~mBªZr EH$Xm CndmgmgmR>r ~Xm_, ~oXmUo dJ¡ao KmcyZ Mm§Jcm JmoS>mMm ~Q>mQ>çmMm {eam Ho$cm Va _hmamO åhUmco, ""_cm Amncm gmYmM {eam AmdS>Vmo. Agcm lr_§Vr {eam _mÂ`mgmR>r H$ê$ ZH$m. _cm ^Ja Mmcoc.'' `m ~mnwamdm§Mo AmUIr XmoZ ^mD$ hmoVo; Ë`mn¡H$s EH$ lr.CÕdamd ho _w§~B©cm ZmoH$argmR>r AgV. `m CÕdamdm§Zr lr_hmamOm§da AZÝ` ^º$r Ho$cr. nwÊ`mÀ`m ñWmZmVyZ {ZKUmè`m lr~m~m§À`m nmcIr {_adUwH$snwT>o P|S>m KoD$Z {_adUmao Vmcr_~mO {YßnmS> Xoh`ï>rMo CÕdamd lr_hmamOm§À`m ^º$n[admamV gdmªÀ`m ñ_aUmV AmhoV. JmonmiH$më`mÀ`m H$sV©ZmV lr_hmamOm§Zr H¥$îUmÀ`m crcm dU©Z H$aVmZm "E n|Úm' Aer gmX KmVcr H$s àojH$mVyZ CÕdamd h_Img CRy>Z ""Amo''Agm à{VgmX Úm`Mo. lr.~mnwamdm§Mo Xwgao ~§Yy {dÇ>camd ImZycm {ejH$ hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm AÜ`mË_m{df`r \$maer JmoS>r Zgm`Mr. Amnë`m àmn§{MH$ ì`mnmV Vo JH©$ AgV. EH$Xm ~mnwamd WmoS>o J_VrZo, WmoS>o J§^ranUo lr_hmamOm§Zm åhUmco, ""`m Am_À`m ^mdmcm AZwJ«h Úm åhUOo Ë`mMr hr g§gmamVrc Ymdni WmoS>r em§V hmoB©c.'' _hmamOhr {_îH$scnUo åhUmco, ""Ë`m§Zm AZwJ«h Úm`Mm åhUOo {M¸y$Mr ~r, éOcr Va éOoc !'' Am{U _J {VKohr _Z_wamX hgco. ImZycm EH$ Omoer ZmdmMo {ejH$ hmoVo. Ë`m§Mr gmB©~m~m§da ^º$s hmoVr. gmB© ^º$sMm EdT>m A{VaoH$ Pmcm H$s, gmB©~m~m _wgc_mZ hmoVo Ago H$moUrVar gm§{JVë`mda `m J¥hñWm§Zr OmZdo VmoSy>Z Q>mH$co, {demiJS>cm nramÀ`m Xe©Zmcm dJ¡ao OmD$Z Amco. `m JwéOtÀ`m ñdßZmV gVV VrZ {Xdg gmB©~m~m Amco Am{U åhUmco, ""_r ImZycm Amcmo`. _mÂ`m Xe©Zmcm Im§S>oH$am§H$S>o `o.'' VrZ {Xdg gVV ñdßZ nS>ë`m_wio Mm¡Ï`m {Xder Vo Im§S>oH$am§H$S>o Amco. BH$S>o lr_hmamO Ë`m {Xder gH$mirM ~mnwamdm§À`m AmoQ>rda _moR>m hS>nm (cmH$S>r _moR>r noQ>r) R>do cocm hmoVm, Ë`mda S>mŠo `mcm gmB©~m~m§gmaIm EH$ ê$_mc JwS§ >miyZ ~gcoco hmoV.o Vo JwéOr Amco Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§H$S>o nm{hco Va gmjmV gmB©~m~m g_moa ! JwéOr aSy> cmJco, Ë`m§Zr _hmamOm§Mo nm` Yaco Am{U Z§Va lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m JwéOtMr "Z ^yVmo Z ^{dî`Vr' Aer hOoar KoVcr. ""OmZdo VmoS>Vmog H$m` ? Vy ~«m÷U _mUyg ! Vwcm H$moUr gm§{JVco, gmB©~m~m _wgc_mZ åhUyZ? Ë`m§Mo Zmd d¡en§ m`Z hmoVo !'' EH$ Z AZoH$, hOma Jmoï>r EoH$dyZ Ë`m JwéOtZm `mo½` _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$co. ImZyOdirc nmcr `oWrc _wH$§w Xamd gmd§V `m§Zmhr Ë`m§Zr gmB©~m~m§Mo Xe©Z KS>dco, Vo Ë`m§Mr {Zñgr_ ^º$s nmhÿZM ! ImZynmgyZ 4-5 _¡cm§da "nmWaQ>' ho Jmd Amho; VoWo EH$ e§H$a JUoe D$\©$ Am~m Hw$iH$Uu åhUyZ J¥hñW hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm "{XdmUOr' `m ZmdmZo gd©OU AmoiIV. ho {XdmUOr lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Zoh_r ImZycm `m`Mo. Ë`m§Mr AmOmar nËZr EH$Xm Ë`m§Zm åhUmcr, ""_cm _hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmcm KoD$Z Mcm !'' {XdmUOr åhUmco, ""Vy Aer AmOmar ! ImZyn`ªV MmcUo Vwcm PonUma Zmhr.'' Vr 32 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

åhUmcr, ""_r dmQ>oV _oco Var Mmcoc, nU _cm EH$Xm Xe©Zmcm Ý`m !'' {XdmUOr åhUmco, ""H$mhrVar hÅ> H$ê$ ZH$mog _rM Omoer~wdm (Ë`m doir {ZH$Q>dVu cmoH$ lr_hmamOm§Zm "{dÇ>camd' Va WmoS>o cm§~Mo, H$_r n[a{MV cmoH$ ""Omoer~wdm'' åhUV) Amho Ago g_O Am{U _cmM Z_ñH$ma H$a. _r Vmo Ë`m§À`mH$S>o nmoMdVmo.'' WmoS>r dmXmdmXr Pmcr Am{U ^m§S>U {Xdg^a Yw_gV hmoVo. BH$S>o ImZyhÿZ lr_hmamO AMmZH$ CRy>Z Q>monr dJ¡ao KmcyZ H$mR>r hmVr KoD$Z {ZKmco. ~mnwamdm§Zr {dMmaco, ""{ZKmcmV Hw$R>o ?'' ""nmWaQ>cm !'' ""dmQ> _mhrV Amho H$m ?'' ""dmQ> {_ioc, hm _r {ZKmcmoM !'' åhUyZ ~oS>çmÀ`m H$mR>çm (\$mQ>H$mMo ~m§~y) H$mTy>Z {ZKmco. _mJyZ KmB©KmB©Zo ~mnwamdhr {ZKmco. _hmamO Zo_Ho$ Ë`m {XdmUOtÀ`m Kar nmWaQ>bm Amco. lr_hmamOm§Zm nmhÿZ KamV EH$M JS>~S> CS>mcr. lr_hmamO {XdmUOtÀ`m nËZrer _mOKamV OmD$Z AmdOy©Z ~mocco. Ë`m§À`m Vã`oVrMr Mm¡H$er Ho$cr. Ë`m§À`m g_mYmZmgmR>r VoWo WmoS>m doi ~gco. MhmnmUr Pmco Am{U CR>VmCR>Vm {XdmUOtZm {dMmaco ""H$m` ao ? VyM Omoer~wdm Amhog H$m` ?'' lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§À`m nËZrcm {dMmaco, ""Vwåhmcm H$mhr {dMmam`Mo Amho H$m` ?'' Ë`m ~mB© åhUmë`m, ""Amnco Xe©Z Pmco `mV gd© nmdco ! AmnU AmcmV, nU _r AmOmar Jar~ ~mB©, _r AmnUmcm H$mhr H$ê$Z Kmcy eH$co Zmhr.'' _hmamO åhUmco, ""_cm AmnU hmVmda Mma e|JXmUo Kmcm !'' Ë`m ~mB©Mm ^moim ^md nmhÿZ lr_hmamO àgÞ Pmco Am{U ~mnwamdm§Zm åhUmco, ""`m§À`mgmR>r _cm `md§ cmJc§ !'' nwT>o lr_hmamOm§Mo H¥$nmN>Ì Ë`m Kamcm cm^co. `m {XdmUOtÀ`m EH$m _wcrMo c¾gwÕm lr_hmamOm§À`m nwT>mH$mamZo R>aco. lr.XÎmmon§V Omoem§Mo EH$ ^mñH$aamd åhUyZ ~§Yy ImZycm hmoVo, Ë`m§À`mH$S>o H$moUr EH$ Mm§XmoaH$a ZmdmMo J¥hñW `m`Mo. J¥hñW nyU© ZmpñVH$ Am{U A§JmV {nemM hmoVo. Ë`m_wio Vo Zoh_r lr_hmamOm§~Ôc Q>rH$mË_H$ ~mocV Agm`Mo. EH$Xm g_moamg_moa JmR> nS>cr Am{U Ë`m§Zm lr_hmamOm§Mo lrXÎmmÌo` ê$nmV Xe©Z Pmco. Ë`m Xe©ZmZo Ë`m§Zm _yÀN>m©M Amcr. lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§À`m A§Jmda nmUr qenS>co Am{U Vo åhUmco, ""`mÀ`m A§Jmda {nemM Amho. `mcm nm§Jarcm lr {edmZ§X ñdm_tH$S>o Ý`m, åhUOo `mMm Ìmg H$_r hmoB©c.'' Ë`mà_mUo nwT>o Vo {nemM ~mYoVyZ _wº$ Pmco. Z§Va H$mhr dfmªZr Vo nwÊ`mcm `oD$Z lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamVhr godogmR>r am{hco hmoVo. lr.~mnwamdm§Mo 1955 gmcr AH$ñ_mV {ZYZ Pmco. Ë`mZ§Va lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnco d¡`{º$H$ XodñWmZ 1956 gmcr, {Q>iH$ AmirVrc lr.Zmam`U {edam_ Xr{jV `m§À`m KamVrc _mS>rda ^mS>çmZo OmJm KoD$Z ñWmnZ Ho$co. lr.Zmam`Uamd Xr{jV `m§À`mda nyOm-AMm© H$aÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar CnmgZobm.. / 33

Ë`m§Zr gmon{dcr hmoVr H$maU `m H$mcmdYrV lr_hmamO doJdoJù`m H$maUm§Zr AZoH$ doim ~mhoaJmdr OmV AgV. lr_hmamO ~mnwamdm§À`m {ZYZmZ§Va nwÝhm H$Yrhr ImZycm Joco ZmhrV. 2001 gmcr ImZyÀ`m lr.Jm§Jœo a _§{XamMm ^ì` OrUm}Õma H$aÊ`mV Amcm, Ë`m_mJo hr Aer _moR>r nmœ©^_y r Amho. lrH$mH$m _hmamOm§À`m àoaUoZo lr.{dH$mgamd H$. dmcmdcH$a `m§Zr hm OrUm}Õma Ho$cm. AmO _§{XamV {damO_mZ Agbobo lr_hmamOm§Mo ^ì` V¡c{MÌ `m gmè`m AmR>dUtZm COmim XoV.o aËZm{JarÀ`m `m dmñVdmV lr_hmamOm§Zr AZoH$ cmoH${dcjU crcm Ho$ë`m. VoWo lr _moao~m~m `m ZmdmZo AmoiIco OmUmao EH$ gmYwnwéf hmoVo. Vo {dXohr pñWVrV lr{dÇ>c _§{XamÀ`m ~mhoa añË`mda nSy>Z AgV. nm`mcm _moR>r OI_ Pmcocr hmoVr. lr_hmamO Ë`m§Mr godm-ewlyfm H$arV. AZoH$ Am¡fYo lr_hmamOm§Zm _mhrV hmoVr. lr_hmamO _moao~m~m§À`m OI_oda _c_nÅ>r H$arV Am{U {dXohr lr _moao~m~m Z§Va Vr nÅ>r gmoSy>Z \o$Hy$Z XoV. Zmam`Uamd Xr{jVm§Zr EH$Xm {dMmaco, ""AmnU ho à`mg H$emgmR>r H$aVm ? H$moUr gm§{JVco Amho ho ì`W© à`ËZ H$am`cm ?'' lr_hmamO amJmZo Ë`m§Zm åhUmco, ""VwÂ`m Am{U _mÂ`m ~mnmZo gm§{JVco Amho åhUyZ H$aVmo !'' lr _moao~m~m§Zr XohË`mJ Ho$bm, Voìhm lr_hmamO Amnë`m ghH$mè`m§Zm amÌr AMmZH$ åhUmco, ""_moa~o m~m§Zr XmoZ dmOVm Xoh R>do cm !'' aËZm{JarMo lr.`ed§Vamd nam§Ono ho lrXÎmmÌo`m§Mo CÀM H$moQ>rVrc gmYH$ hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr Am`wd}XmMm Mm§Jcm Aä`mg Ho$cm hmoVm. àË`j lrXÎmmÌo`m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmZo Ë`m§Zr ""g§OrdZr {M{H$Ëgm'' ZmdmMr CnMma nÕVr emoYyZ H$mT>cr hmoVr. lrXÎmmÌo`m§ZrM Ë`m§Zm g§Ý`mg Xrjm {Xcr hmoVr. _mÌ Ë`m§Mo OmZdo Am{U {eIm am{hcr hmoVr Am{U g§Ý`memMr dñÌohr XoÊ`mV Amcr ZìhVr. lr{dÇ>camd Omoer `m gd© Jmoï>tMr nyV©Vm H$aÊ`mgmR>r `oVrc Am{U Ë`mM doir JmoàXmZmMr gìdm gìdm én`m X{jUm nmM ~«m÷Um§Zm XoVrc Ago àË`j lrXÎmmÌo`m§Zr nam§Ono `m§Zm gm§{JVco hmoVo. lr.nam§Ono `m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm hr Jmoï> gm§{JVcr, Voìhm lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`mà_mUo nmM ~«m÷Um§Zm àË`oH$s gìdm én`m `mà_mUo JmoàXmZmMr X{jUm {Xcr. Ë`m doir lr.nam§Ono `m§Mr e|S>r Am{U OmZdo JiyZ nS>co. Z§Va lr_hmamOm§H$Sy>Z Ë`m§Zr g§Ý`memMr dñÌo {d{Ynyd©H$ ñdrH$macr. lr.nam§Ono `m§Zr g_mYrgmR>r O{_ZrV IÈ>m IUyZ OmJm V`ma Ho$cr Am{U ñdV: Ë`m {R>H$mUr AmgZ KmcyZ ~gco Am{U Ë`m§Zr VËjUr àmU gmoS>co. `m àg§Jr lr_hmamO VoWo hOa hmoVo. `m gd© Jmoï>r lr~m~m _hmamOm§À`m AZwkoZoM lr_hmamO H$arV hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§À`m AdVma H$m`m©MmM hm ^mJ hmoVm. lr_hmamOm§Mr H$sVu gd©Ì ngaV hmoVr. Ë`m doir gd© cmoH$ Ë`m§Zm "lr{dÇ>camd Omoer' `m ZmdmZoM AmoiIV hmoVo. Ë`m§Mm AÜ`mË_mVrc A{YH$ma AmoiIyZ Ë`m§Mm H¥$nmàgmX àmá H$aÊ`mgmR>r lr_hmamOm§H$S>o cmoH$ _moR>çm g§»`oZo `oD$ cmJco. Amncr JmèhmUr, AS>rAS>MUr, Xw:I§ lr_hmamOm§Zm EoH$dy cmJco. AJXr ì`dhmamVrc noMàg§JmV lr_hmamOm§Zr _Ü`ñWr H$ê$Z hñVjon H$amdm Aem AnojoZohr lr_hmamOm§Zm gmH$S>o Kmcy cmJco, H$maU {Z:njnmVr Ý`m` lr_hmamOM 34 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

XoVrc Aer gdmªZmM ImÌr dmQ>o. OrdZmVrc "ì`dhmamMo' ^mZ lr_hmamOm§Zm gX¡d hmoVo, Ë`m_wio Aer _Ü`ñVr C^`njm§Zm g_mZ _mn XoUmar hmoVr. AZoH$ H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ Am{U ì`mdhm[aH$ dmX Ë`m§Zr {_Q>dco hmoVo (nÌ H«$. 44, n[a{eï> H«$. 3). g_moaÀ`mMo _Z c»InUo dmMÊ`mMr {dcjU eº$s Ë`m§À`mOdi hmoVr. Ë`m§À`mgmo~V amhmVmZm ~mOyÀ`m _mUgmcm Zoh_rM Xj amhmdo cmJo. H$moUmÀ`m _ZmV H$mhr doS>o dmH$S>o {dMma Amco H$s lr_hmamO h_Img XaS>mdyZ {dMmam`Mo, ""H$m` ao ? H$m` Mmcc§` ?'' `m dmT>Ë`m JXu_wio, EH$m§VmgmR>r CËgwH$ lr_hmamO ^oQ>m`cm Amcoë`m _mUgm§da ÌmJm H$arV, AmoaS>V, ¹${MV àg§Jr {edrJmihr H$arV. na§Vw Ago Pmco H$s Ë`m _mUgmMo H$m_ PmcoM åhUyZ g_Om Agm gdmªMm AZw^d hmoVm. ~møV: lr_hmamO H$moUmdahr {H$Vrhr amJmdco, Var Ë`m§Mo A§V:H$aU dËgc _mVoMoM hmoVo. AmË_gmjmËH$mamÀ`m Ñï>rZo gd© g§Vm§Mr `mo½`Vm gmaIr Agcr Var àË`oH$mMm ñdV:Mm Agm ñd^md{deof AgVmo. H$mhr g§V-gËnwéf gd©gm_mÝ` cmoH$m§er, CÝ_Zr AdñWoV amhÿZ, Ë`m§À`mer {nemMdV dV©Z H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm Mma hmV XyaM amoIVmV. Iè`m {Okmgycm _mÌ `mo½` _mJ©Xe©Z H$aVmV. cmoH$g§J«h H$arV ZmhrV _mÌ lr_hmamOm§gmaIo g§V-gËnwéf ñdV: gmo@h§ ^md nma§JV AgyZhr gd©gm_mÝ` cmoH$m§Mm H§$Q>mim H$arV ZmhrV. Ë`m§Mr jwÐ gm§gm[aH$ Xw:Io ghmZw^yVrZo g_OyZ KoVmV Am{U ho H$arV AgVmZmM Ë`m§À`m _ZmV B©œa^º$sMo ~rO Q>mH$VmV. AmË_emoYmMr dmQ> Ë`m§Zm hmV Yê$Z XmIdVmV. gmh{OH$M Ë`m§Mm cmoH$g§J«h _moR>m AgVmo Am{U \$ma _moR>çm à_mUmV Vo g_mO_Zmcm {Xem XoÊ`mMo AË`§V _hÎdmMo H$m_ H$arV AgVmV. Ë`m§À`m H$m_mMr ì`már EImX Xwgè`m gmYH$mMo CÞ`Z EdT>çmnwaVr _`m©{XV ZgVo Va g_mOmMr AmÜ`mpË_H$ YmaUm C§MmdyZ Ë`mÛmao g_mO Am{U n`m©`mZo amï´> ~cemcr, gwIr, g_¥Õ H$aUo hr AgVo. Ho$di ^m¡{VH$ g_¥ÕrZo amï´> AënH$mi ~cemcr hmoV Agoc; na§Vw g_mO ^m¡{VH$ g_¥ÕrZo Zìho Va g_¥Õ AmÜ`mpË_H$ ~¡R>H$sZoM {Z^©`, gwIr hmoVmo, ~cemcr hmoVmo Am{U ho gm_Ï`© {MañWm`r R>aVo. Agm ~cemcr g_mO C^m H$aUo ho Ë`m§Mo Ü`o` hmoVo, OrdZÜ`mg hmoVm. hm Ü`mg, H$m`©àg§Jr Vo Omo g§H$ën gmoS>rV Ë`mV ñnï>nUo {XgyZ `oVmo. ""...gd}fm§ ^º$ OZmZm§ H$ë`mUmWª Vofm§ _Z{g ñdamï´>-ñdY_©-ñdXodVm {df`o gV²lÕm`m: CËnÎ`Wª, H$m`©j_Vm {gÜ`Wª Y_© {dÜd§gH$ à`wº$ AmKmV-à{VH$ma-nyd©H§$, gH$c cmoH$mZm§ gwIoZ g_dpñWË`Wª, gdmªJrU - d¡{XH$-Y_©-g_wÞË`Wª, Apñ_Z² g_mOo g§KÅ>Z-nyd©H$ EoH$_Ë`moËnË`Wª ...'' Agm Vmo amï´>CËWmZmMm ^ì`, {Xì`, {demc g§H$ën hmoVm. Agm g§H$ën gmoSy>ZM lr_hmamOm§Zr gZ 1951 _Ü`o S>oadU `oWo EH$m _hmZ H$m`m©Mm ew^ma§^ Ho$cm ! D D D

CnmgZobm.. / 35

àH$aU : 5

_mPo öX`r§ g_m{YñWmZ Ÿ& gË` gX²>Jwé {XJ§~amM| Ÿ&& lrjoÌ S>oadU `m ñWmZmMr nyd©nr{R>H$m A{Ve` a§OH$ Amho Am{U lr_hmamOm§Mo VoWrc H$m`© g_OmdyZ KoVmZm WmoS>m nyd}{Vhmg _mhrV H$ê$Z KoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. lrg§V Jmonmi~wdm Ho$iH$a D$\©$ lr àr{VZ§X ñdm_rHw$_ma ho lrñdm_r g_WmªMo EH$ AmdS>Vo {eî` hmoVo. Amnco gd© Am`wî` Ë`m§Zr ñdm_r godoV doMco hmoVo. Jmonmi~wdm§Zm ñdm_r g_WmªZr Mm§XrÀ`m nmXwH$m, X§S> Am{U Pmoir {Xcr Am{U "Xa Jwédmar {^jm _mJyZ CnmgZm H$a' Agm AmXoe {Xcm hmoVm. nwT>o Ë`m§Mo Jwé~§Yy ny.ñdm_rgwVm§Zr Ë`m§Zm {MniyUOdirc _mHª$S>r `oWo ñdm_tMm _R> ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mMr Amkm Ho$cr. Ë`mà_mUo _mHª$S>r `oWo _R> ñWmnZ H$ê$Z lr Jmonmi~wdm eH$ 1841 _Ü`o Xoh R>odrn`ªV VoWoM B©eqMVZmV {Z_¾ hmoVo. à{Vdfu M¡Ì ewÕ {ÛVr`m `m {Xder _mHª$S>r `oWo ""lrñdm_r O`§Vr'' hm CËgd _moR>çm à_mUmda gmOam hmoV Ago. {MniyU n[agamVrc ñdm_tMo ^º$ Ë`m doir AmdOy©Z VoWo hOoar cmdrV. gmdS>} `oWrc lr.ZriH§$R> H$merZmW Am{U lr.am_M§Ð H$merZmW e|~oH$a ho ~§YyÛ`hr {Z`{_VnUo Ë`m CËgdmcm OmV AgV. Ë`m§Zr {dZ§Vr Ho$ë`mdê$Z lr Jmonmi~wdm§Zr Ë`m§Zm lrñdm_r g_WmªÀ`m nmXwH$m CnmgZogmR>r {Xë`m. e|~oH$a ~§Yy§Zr Ë`m nmXwH$m§Mr ñWmnZm Amnë`m KanaS>çmV EH$ chmZgo _§{Xa ~m§YyZ Ho$cr Am{U VoWo CnmgZm gwê$ Ho$cr. AmOy~mOyMo cmoH$hr CnmgZogmR>r VoWo `oD$ cmJco. EH$ {Xdg Ë`m _§{Xamg_moarc dQ>d¥jmImcr lr.am_M§Ð Zaqgh H$mQ>Xao ZmdmMo EH$ J¥hñW `oD$Z ~gco Am{U Ë`m§Zr gVV gmV {Xdg AhmoamÌ AI§S> h[aZm_mMm gámh Ho$cm. _yiMo {MniyUOdirc dhmi JmdMo am_M§Ðn§V, aËZm{Jarcm ZmZc d{H$cm§H$S>o ZmoH$arcm hmoVo. `m ZmZc d{H$cm§Mr gmdS>}, S>oadU ^mJmV ~arM O_rZ hmoVr. {VMr ì`dñWm Vo (am_M§Ðn§V) nmhmV AgV. VoWo H$mhr H$maUm_wio _V^oX Pmco Am{U EH§$XarVM àn§Mmcm H§$Q>miyZ Vo KamVyZ ~mhoa nS>co hmoVo. `m Zm_gámhmÀ`m eodQ>r Ë`m§Zm lrñdm_r g_WmªMm gmjmËH$ma Pmcm Am{U H$S>H$S>rV d¡am½` Ë`m§À`m A§Jr Amco. ~mø OJmMo ^mZ hanco. A§JmdaÀ`m dñÌmMr ewÕ Zgm`Mr. OodUImUmMr OmUrd Zgm`Mr. AI§S> Zm_ñ_aUmV V„rZ hmoD$Z Joco hmoVo. nËZr Amnë`m XmoZ chmZ _wctZm KoD$Z gmdS>çm©cm Ë`m§Zm ^oQ>m`cm Amcr. nU {VÀ`m g_OmdÊ`mMm H$mhr Cn`moJ Pmcm Zmhr. CcQ> Vo gmdS>} gmoSy>Z JwnMyn {ZKyZM Joco. Ë`m doir Vo Ü`mZYmaUoV EdT>o _¾ hmoVo H$s cm¡{H$H$ OJmcm Vo doS>o AmhoV AgoM dmQ>mdo. H$Yr A§Jmda MVH$moa c§JmoQ>r Va H$Yr Vrhr Zmhr. XmT>r OQ>m dmT>coë`m, hmVmV Vw§~m Am{U _wImZo harZm_mMm JOa Mmccocm ! 36 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

AIoarg Ë`m§Mr _mHª$S>rÀ`m lrg§V Jmonmi~wdm§er JmR> nS>cr Am{U Jmonmi~wdm§Zr Ë`m§Zm AZwJ«h {Xcm. Ë`mZ§Va nwT>rc 14 df} Ë`m§Zr IS>Va Vnü`m© Ho$cr, H$R>moa `moJgmYZm Ho$cr. H$moQ>r_§Ì OnmZwð>mZ, Jm`Ìr_§Ì nwaüaU, ^a Xwnmar gy`©q~~mH$S>o Ñï>r cmdyZ g_moa emirJ«m_mda Ü`mZnyd©H$ AI§S> A{^foH$ H$aUo, VrZhr F$Vy_§ Ü`o à{V{XZr Ag§»` doim nmÊ`mV ~wS>çm _mê$Z gmYZm H$aUo Aem AZoH$ àH$mao Ë`m§Zr Xoh H$ï>dZy Xoh~wÕrMm Ë`mJ Ho$cm Am{U Z§Va Am`wî`^a ñdñdê$nmV {Z_¾ am{hco. A§Jmdarc H$nS>çm§Mohr ^mZ Zgm`Mo åhUyZ cmoH$ Ë`m§Zm "{XJ§~a~m~m' åhUy cmJco Am{U Ë`m§Mo AmS>Zmd H$mQ>Xao Agco Var Vo "dhmi' `m JmdMo Agë`m_wio cmoH$ Ë`m§Zm ""{XJ§~a~m~m dhmiH$a'' `m ZmdmZoM AmoiIy cmJco. lr {XJ§~a~m~m§Zr lrXÎmmÌo`, lrñdm_r g_W© Am{U Amnë`m gX²>Jwê$§À`m Amkoà_mUo Cd©arV Am`wî` CnmgZm Am{U cmoH$moÕmamgmR>r ì`VrV H$aÊ`mMo R>adco. 1910 gmcr Ë`m§Zr gmdS>} `oWrc _§{XamMm OrUm}Õma H$ê$Z VoWo àeñV _§{Xa ~m§Yco. ñdm_r g_WmªÀ`m Zì`m nmXwH$m ñWmnZ Ho$ë`m Am{U Vo VoWoM _§{XamV amhÿ cmJco. Ë`m§À`m Á`oð> H$Ý`oMm {ddmh gmdS>çm©À`m lr.aKwZmW ZriH§$R> e|~oH$a `m§À`mer Am{U H${Zð> H$Ý`oMm {ddmh {n§nir `oWrc lr.AßnmOr har H$mZS>o `m§À`mer Pmcm. {MniyU `oWrc ñdm_r g_W© _R>mV M¡ÌmV hmoUmè`m lrñdm_r O`§Vr CËgdmcm gmdS>} n[agamVrc AZoH$ cmoH$ Xadfu OmV AgV. Ë`m CËgdmÀ`m doirM Oa gmdS>çm©cm CËgd Am`mo{OV Ho$cm Va cmoH$m§Zm Vo AS>MUrMo dmQ>oc åhUyZ lr Jmonmi~wdm§À`m gm§JÊ`mà_mUo gmdS>çm©cm XÎm O`§VrMm CËgd gwê$ H$aÊ`mV Amcm. Ë`m CËgdmÀ`m doir OÝ_moËgdmMo H$sV©Z H$aÊ`mgmR>r lr Jmonmi~wdm ñdV: `oV AgV. hm CËgd AënmdYrVM _moR>çm à_mUmV gmOam hmoD$ cmJcm Am{U Ë`m_wioM lrñdm_r g_W© _§{Xa ho ""lrXod XÎm _§{Xa'' `m ZmdmZo à{gÕrcm Ambo. {MniyU `oWrc lrñdm_r g_W© _§{Xamà_mUoM `oWohr {ÌH$mi nyOm, H$mH$S> AmaVr, n§MnXr, Jwédmar Am{U EH$mXercm ^OZ Aer CnmgZm gwê$ Pmcr. lr dhmiH$a~wdm§Zr Amnë`m nËZrÀ`m {ZYZmZ§Va dhmi `oWrc Amncr {_iH$V {dH$cr. Ë`m aH$_oVyZ gmdS>} `oWo gw_mao 9Ÿ&& EH$a O_rZ IaoXr Ho$cr. `m O{_ZrVyZ `oUmao CËnÞ lrXo d XÎm _§ { XamÀ`m ì`dñWo g mR> r cmdy Z {Xbo (hr O_rZ lrkmZZmW _§ { Xamnmgy Z lr dhmiH$a~wdm§À`m g_m{Y_§{Xamn`ªV ngacocr Amho). lr_hmamOm§Mm Am{U lr dhmiH$a~wdm§Mm ñZoh hm 1942 gmcmnmgyZMm hmoVm. lr_hmamO AZoH$ doim gmdS>çm©cm OmD$Z lr dhmiH$a~wdm§g_doV AmÜ`mpË_H$ {df`m§Mr MMm© H$arV. Ë`m doir lr_hmamO Ho$di Vrg-~Îmrg dfmªMo VéU Am{U lr dhmiH$a~wdm gÎmar Amocm§Sy>Z Jococo hmoVo. na§Vw EH$m nÌmV lr dhmiH$a~wdm lr_hmamOm§Zm {c{hVmV, ""AmYr g_B©, Voc, dmV `mMr V`mar Pmë`mda _J Xwgè`m Á`moVrZo Vr noQ>dm`Mr AgVo. Vr Á`moV noQ>dë`mZ§Va Omo àH$me Pmcm Ë`mV dS>rc-YmH$Q>onUm Hw$Ro amhVmo ?'' _mPo öX`t.. / 37

Xwgè`m EH$m nÌmV Vo {c{hVmV, ""... VwH$mam_ _hmamOm§Zr Omo Aä`mg Ho$cm Vmo `oH$m OÝ_mV ZgyZ, "~hþZm_² OÝ_Zm_² A§Vo' Ag§o hr JrVmdMZ Amho. Ë`m à_mUohr {dMma Ho$cm AgVm§ AmnU VwH$mam_ _hmamO ìhmd| Aer BÀN>m Amho. åhUOo ho CX²>JV nyd©OÝ_mMo AmhoV Ago§ _cm {XgVo§. H$maU Amncm Aä`mg d {dMma ~amM Pmcm Amho. Ë`m{gdm` ho eãX `oUo eŠ` Zmhr.'' lr dhmiH$a~wdm§Zr lr_hmamOm§Mr Wmoadr Ë`m gwédmVrÀ`mM H$mimV AmoiIcr hmoVr. Ë`m XmoKm§_Ü`o dma§dma ^oQ>rJmR>r hmoV hmoË`m. ~hþVoH$ doim lr_hmamO lr dhmiH$a~wdm§Zm ^oQ>Ê`mgmR>r gmdS>çm©cm `oV AgV. lrXÎm _§{XamV Jm^mè`mÀ`m COì`m ~mOyg EH$ Imocr hmoVr, VoWo lr dhmiH$a~wdm§Mm _w¸$m_ Ago. lr_hmamO VoWo Amco H$s gVV N>m`oà_mUo Ë`m§À`mgmo~V dmdaV AgV. Imocr_Ü`o Zoh_r JhZ AmÜ`mpË_H$ {df`m§da XmoKm§Mr gVV MMm© Mmcy Ago. lr dhmiH$a~wdm eoVmda Joco Va lr_hmamOhr gmo ~ V AgV. Vo W rc {d{hardaM ñZmZ-g§ Ü `m hmo B © Am{U lr dhmiH$a~w d m Ë`m§ Z m Xw n mar ^mo O ZmgmR> r Amnë`m gmo ~ VM Amnco Om_mV lr.aKw Z mW e| ~ o H $a `m§ À `mH$S> o Zo V . lr dhmiH$a~wdm \$º$ ^moOZmnwaVoM Ë`m§À`mH$S>o OmV AgV. ~mH$s gd© dmda lrXod XÎm _§{XamVM Ago. ^moOZmÀ`m doir lr dhmiH$a~wdm nmQ>mda _m§S>r KmcyZ ~gÊ`mEodOr Zoh_rM C{H$S>do ~gyZ OodV AgV. lr_hmamOhr Ë`m§À`mg_doV OodU H$aVmZm H$Q>mjmZo nmQ>mda C{H$S>doM ~gV AgV. Ë`mMà_mUo lr dhmiH$a~wdm§Mo ^moOZ nyU© hmoÊ`mnyduM Amnco ^moOZ nyU© H$ê$Z lr_hmamO lr dhmiH$a~wdm CR>Ê`mMr dmQ> nmhmV Z_«nUo Wm§~coco AgV. lr_hmamO gmdS>çm©cm `m`Mo Vo _w»`Ëdo lr dhmiH$a~wdm§er VÎdMMm© H$am`cmM (g§X^© nÌ H««$. 6, n[a{eï> H«$. 4). H$YrH$Yr lr dhmiH$a~wdm aËZm{Jarcm lr_hmamOm§H$S>o ^oQ>rgmR>r OmV AgV. Ë`m doir lr_hmamO Ë`m§À`mg_doV g_wÐ {H$Zmar OmD$Z VoWyZ hmoS>rVyZ Ë`m§Zm g_wÐmV nmÊ`mImcr gmYZm H$aÊ`mgmR>r gmoSy>Z `oV Am{U gm`§H$mir nwÝhm Kar KoD$Z `oV. Kar Amë`mda XwYmV gwH$m_odm dmQy>Z Ë`mMm cmSy> lr dhmiH$a~wdm§Zm XoV AgV. gmdS>} _wŠH$m_r AgVmZm lr_hmamO, amÌr lr dhmiH$a~wdmg_doV XodñWmZÀ`m Amodarda, EH$mM Km|JS>rda PmonV AgV. AgoM EH$Xm Vo XmoKo Pmonco AgVmZm àË`j lrñdm_r g_WmªZr lr_hmamOm§Zm CR>{dco. lr_hmamO OmJo hmoD$Z nmhmVmV Va g_moa àË`j lrñdm_r g_W© gwhmñ` _wÐoZo C^o hmoVo. {Xì` VoOmZo gmao lrXÎm XodñWmZ ^ê$Z Joco hmoVo. lrñdm_r g_WmªÀ`m hmVmV EH$ VoOñdr JmoQ>r hmoVr Am{U Vr AË`§V doJmZo JmocmH$ma ^«_U H$arV hmoVr. lrñdm_r g_WmªZr Vr JmoQ>r EH$m CKS>çm S>~rV R>odyZ lr_hmamOm§Zm {Xcr. S>~rVhr Vr JmoQ>r doJmZo {\$aV hmoVr Am{U Ë`mVyZ VoOñdr {H$aU ~mhoa nS>V hmoVo. hr JmoQ>r lr_hmamOm§Zr gX¡d AmnUmOdi R>odcr hmoVr. EH$ {Xdg lr AemoH$H$mH$m§À`m hmVr Vr R>odyZ lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""hr JmoQ>r åhUOo H$m` Amho _mhrV Amho H$m` ? ho ~«÷m§S>mMo àVrH$ Amho. 38 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

hr JmoQ>r A¸$cH$moQ> ñdm_tÀ`m hmVmV Ago. ho ~«÷m§S> ñdV: A¸$cH$moQ> ñdm_r MmcdrV AgV, Ë`m§Zr hr JmoQ>r _cm {Xcr hmoVr Vr AmVm _r Vwcm XoVmo`.'' AmO Vr JmoQ>r lr AemoH$amd OmoetÀ`m (lrH$mH$m _hmamOm§À`m) XodKamV Amho. lr grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a ho lr dhmiH$a~wdm§Mo {eî`. lr dhmiH$a~wdm§g_doV gmdS>çm©À`m lrXod XÎm _§{XamVM Vo amhmV AgV. Amnë`m gX²>Jwê$§Mr Am{U _R>mMr _Zmo^mdo godm H$aUo EdT>oM Ë`m§Mo OrdZgd©ñd hmoVo. lr grVmam_~wdm§Mr Jwé{Zð>m Am{U Jwégodm lr_hmamOm§Zr nm{hcocr Agë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m{df`r lr_hmamOm§À`m _ZmV Anma AmXaM hmoVm. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§À`mer lr_hmamOm§Mo WmoS>\o $ma ~mocUo ìhm`Mo. _mÌ AÝ` H$moUmer lr_hmamO \$mago ~mocm`Mo ZmhrV. ñWm{ZH$ cmoH$m§er g§nH©$ ZìhVm. lr grVmam_~wdm _yiMo Voago ~m§~S>}, Vm. Hw$S>mi `oWrc. OÝ_ 1899 gmcr Pmcm. Ë`m§Mo {ejU gmVdrn`ªV Pmco hmoVo. chmZnUmnmgyZM _ZmV d¡am½` éOcoco. H$mhr {Xdg _w§~B©cm ZmoH$ar Ho$cr; nU cdH$aM ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z VrW©`mÌm H$arV qhSy> cmJco. Ajae: A§Jmcm amI \$mgyZ {\$aV hmoVo. _amR>dmS>çmVrc YwZr~m~m åhUyZ EH$m gËnwéfm§Mr JmR> nS>cr. {XemhrZ {\$aUmè`m grVmam_~wdm§Zm Ë`m§Zr A¸$cH$moQ>cm nmR>dco. VoWo dS>mImcr Ë`m§Zr ñdm_r g_WmªMr ZD$ _{hZo EH${Zð>nUo godm Ho$cr. Voìhm ñdm_r g_WmªZr Ë`m§Zm gmdS>çm©cm lr dhmiH$a~wdm§H$S>o OmÊ`mMm Ñï>m§V {Xcm Am{U lr grVmam_~wdm _Oc-Xa_Oc H$arV gmdS>çm©À`m _R>mV Amco Am{U Cd©[aV gd© Am`wî` Ë`m§Zr lr dhmiH$a~wdm Am{U _R> `m§À`m godoV Ajae: dmhÿZ Q>mH$co. lr grVmam_~wdm Amnë`m gX²>Jwê§$Mr _Zmo^mdo godm H$arV, AmOw~mOyÀ`m JmdmVyZ H$moaS>r {^jm _mJyZ d«VñW OrdZ OJV hmoVo. _§{XamMr PmS>cmoQ>, gS>m-gmadU H$amdo, _§{XamÀ`m eoVmV ^anya am~mdo, Zdr eoVo nmS>mdr, ~m§Y~§{XñVr H$amdr, AJXr Zm§Ja YaÊ`mnmgyZ gd© H$m_o H$amdrV Am{U gd© doi Cƒ ñdamV Zm_Kmof H$amdm, Ü`mZ YmaUm H$amdr Agm Ë`m§Mm {XZH«$_ hmoVm. ghm \y$Q> C§M, ^¸$_ eara`ï>r cm^coë`m grVmam_~wdm§Zr _R>mÀ`m ~m§YH$m_mgmR>r XJS>gwÕm \$moS>co. gÜ`m OoWo lr dhmiH$a~wdm§Mo g_m{Y_§{Xa Amho, VoWo _mJrc ~mOyg EH$ Am¡Xw§~a d¥j Amho. Ë`m Am¡Xw§~amImcr grVmam_~wdm§Zr EH$ chmZer Kw_Q>r ~m§YyZ Ë`m_Ü`o Amnco Xod R>odco hmoVo. Am¡Xw§~am_mJo H$mhr A§Vamda EH$ H$mù`m XJS>m§Zr ~m§Ycocr {dhra Amho. Vr ñdV: grVmam_~wdm§Zr ImoXyZ ~m§YyZ KoVcr. Ë`m {d{harda nydu ~¡cahmQ> hmoVm Am{U e|Xcoco nmUr gmR>{dÊ`mgmR>r hm¡Xhr ~m§Ycocm hmoVm. grVmam_~wdm§Zr VoWo \w$cPmS>o, \$iPmS>o cmdyZ Vmo gd© n[aga Z`Zaå` Ho$cm hmoVm. {edm` VoWo ^mOrnmcmhr {nH${dcm OmB©. ~wdm§Zm PmS>nmë`mÀ`m Am¡fYm§Mr _m{hVr hmoVr. H$mhr _§Ì gmYZmhr ~wdm§Zr Ho$cr hmoVr. Ë`m_wio JmoaJ[a~m§Zm, gm_mÝ` g§gmar OZm§Zm ~wdm§Mm AmYma dmQ>o. ~wdm§Mo A§V:H$aU H$mo_c Am[U {Z_©i hmoVo. ñd^md _¥Xy Am{U ào_i hmoVm. Ë`m_wio AZoH$ cmoH$ ~wdm§À`m AdVr^dVr AgV. ~wdm ho Xmñ`^º$sMo AZwn_ Ago CXmhaU hmoVo. _mPo öX`t.. / 39

""Vw_Mm `moJjo_ gX²>Jwé§Mo {ear & AZÝ`Vm Iar MaUr R>odm &&'' `m lr_hmamOm§À`m {eH$dUrà_mUoM lr grVmam_~wdm ^{dî`mV Amnë`m `moJjo_mMr ì`dñWm H$m` `mMm {dMma Z H$aVm gmdS>çm©À`m ñWmZmV amhmV hmoVo. na§Vw dhmiH$a~wdm§Zr, lrXod XÎm XodñWmZmMm Am{U O{_ZrMm Vm~m Amnë`m `m {eî`damH$S>o Z XoVm, Amnco OmdB© aKwZmW e|~oH$a `m§À`mH$S>o {Xcm hmoVm. hr Jmoï> `mo½` Pmcr Zmhr ho XyaXeu Ñï>rÀ`m lr_hmamOm§Zr gS>oVmoS>nUo Ë`mM doir lr dhmiH$a~wdm§Zm gm§{JVco hmoVo Am{U _hmamOm§Mr ^rVr nwT>o Iar R>acr. lr dhmiH$a~wdm ewH«$dma, {X.19.1.1951 amoOr (nm¡f ew && 12, eH$ 1872) d`mÀ`m 82 ì`m dfu g_m{YñW Pmco. dhmiH$a~wdm§Mm A§Ë`{dYr Ë`m§À`mM OmJoV H$mí`nr ZXrÀ`m H$mR>r Pmcm. Ë`m OmJoda lr_hmamOm§Zr _méVrMr _yVu ñWmnyZ EH$ chmZgo _§{Xa ~m§Yco. lr dhmiH$a~wdm§À`m _hm{Zdm©UmZ§Va lrXod XÎm XodñWmZ Am{U Ë`mÀ`m O{_Zr dJ¡ao g§~§YrMo g§X^© ~Xcco hmoVo. Aem doir lr grVmam_~wdm§À`m amhmÊ`mMr, `moJjo_mMr H$mhrVar {Z{üV ñdê$nmMr ì`dñWm {Z_m©U H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho ho lr_hmamOm§Zr AmoiIco. nwÊ`mcm gX²>Jwê$ lr~m~m§À`m H$mZr hr gd© n[apñWVr KmcyZ Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m Zì`m `moOZogmR>r Ë`m§Mo Amerdm©X {_idco. lr_hmamOm§Zr "Vi {OVdUo' hr ^mVeoVr Am{U "eoarMm _mi' hr daH$g O_rZ ~wdm§gmR>r IaoXr H$ê$Z {Xcr. eoVrÀ`m H$m_mgmR>r EH$ ~¡cOmoS>rhr IaoXr H$ê$Z ~wdm§À`m ñdmYrZ Ho$cr Am{U lr dhmiH$a~wdm§À`m XhZ^y_rdarc _méVr _§{XamcJV g_m{Y_§{Xa ~m§Ym`Mo R>adco. ~wdm§Mo AmVm d` Pmco hmoVo. {^jm _mJyZ amhmUo AmVm Ë`m§Zm d`mo_mZmà_mUo H$ï>àX hmoD$ cmJco hmoVo. na§Vw lr {XJ§~a~m~m§À`m g_mYrMr godm, ì`dñWm nmhmÊ`mgmR>r grVmam_~wdm§EdT>r Xwgar H$moUVrhr ì`º$s `mo½` ZìhVr. lr grVmam_~wdm§Zrhr lr_hmamOm§Mm {dœmg gmW© R>adcm Am[U Amnë`m Am`wî`mÀ`m A§{V_ jUmn`ªV `m ñWmZmMr Vo godm H$arV am{hco. lr dhmiH$a~wdm§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamMm àñVmd lr_hmamOm§Zr lr grVmam_~wdm§er {dMma {d{Z_` H$ê$Z V`ma Ho$cm Am{U Vmo lr dhmiH$a~wdm§Mo OmdB© lr.aKwZmW e|~oH$a `m§À`mnwT>o R>odcm. _§{XamMo {Z`mo{OV ñWmZ ho lrXod XÎm _§{Xa Am{U e|~oH$a `m§Mo Ka `mnmgyZ Xya A§Vamda Agë`m_wio amoO g_mYrÀ`m nyOocm OmUo ÌmgmMo R>aoc, {edm` dmQ>oV ZXr Amho, nmdgmù`mV Vr Amocm§S>Uo (nwcmA^mdr) AS>MUrMo R>aVo, Voìhm g_m{Y_§{Xa lrXod XÎm _§{XamOdi ~m§Ymdo Ago lr.aKwZmW e|~oH$am§Mo _V hmoVo. EH$_V Pmco Zmhr, ~mocUr {\$gH$Q>cr; na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Zr lr.dmgwXod `m aKwZmWamdm§À`m Á`oð> {Ma§Ordm§er _w§~B© `oWo ~mocUr Ho$cr. g_m{YñWmZr {edqcJ ñWmnZ H$amdo åhUOo {ZË`nyOoMo ~§YZ amhmUma Zmhr Agm {dMma lr_hmamOm§Zr _m§S>cm. Vmo {dMma lr.dmgwXodamdm§Zmhr nQ>cm Am{U Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m d{S>cm§Mr g§_Vr {_i{dcr. Ë`mZ§Va lr_hmamO d grVmam_~wdm `m§Zr g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m C^maUrg àma§^ Ho$cm. _§{Xa C^maUrÀ`m 40 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

doir grVmam_~wdm§Zr AmOy~mOyÀ`m JmdmVyZ {^jm _mJyZ H$mhr cmHy$S> gm_mZ Jmoim Ho$co. lr.aKwZmW e|~oH$a `m§Zr 10 _U ^mV Am{U EH$ ~m§~yMo ~oQ> Amncr `Wmeº$s Aënñdën _XV `m ^mdZoZo {Xco. _mÌ _§{Xa C^maUrgmR>r cmJUmar ~hþVm§e _XV n¡go AWdm dñVwê$nmV lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m _w~§ B©-nwÊ`mVrc ^º$m§H$Sy>Z Jmoim Ho$cr. J^©Jh¥ , àeñV g^m_§S>n _mJo chmZgo ñd`§nmH$Ka, nwT>o A§JU Ago EH$ àgÞ ñWmZ Am¡X~§w amÀ`m gmdcrV V`ma Pmco. lr dhmiH$a~wdm§À`m AñWr H$cemMr J^©Jh¥ mV {d{YdV ñWmnZm Pmcr. S>ao dU Am{U n§MH«$moerÀ`m ^m½`moX`mcmM OUy Voìhm gwédmV Pmcr. lr grVmam_~wdm 1953 nmgyZ g_m{Y_§{XamVM amhm`cm Amco. lr_hmamOhr S>oadUcm Amco H$s VoWoM amhÿ cmJco. _mÌ VoWo Agco H$s amoO XmoZ àhar ~mam dmOVm CKS>çmZo Am{U AZdmUr OmD$Z lr_hmamO lrXÎm _§{XamV dhmiH$a~wdm§Zr ñWmnZ Ho$coë`m lrñdm_tÀ`m nmXwH$m§da J§Y\y$c dmhÿZ `oV. gZ 1953 nmgyZ lr dhmiH$a~wdm§Mr nwÊ`{VWr nm¡f ewŸ&& 11, 12 cm lr_hmamOm§À`m àoaUmXm`r CnpñWVrV _moR>çm à_mUmda gmOar hmoD$ cmJcr. CËgd H$mimV _§{XamÀ`m _mJo EH$ VmËnwaVo ñd`§nmH$Ka ~m§Yco Om`Mo. VoWo CËgdmMm àgmX åhUyZ dmQ>m`Mo ~ogZmMo cmSy> V`ma Ho$co Om`Mo. Ë`m doir AmMmar dJ¡ao ~mocmdcoco ZgV. ñd`§godH$ åhUyZ ñWm{ZH$ e|~oH$a Hw$Qw>§~r`, _mVm, ^{JZr, _wc§ `oV AgV Am{U Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>ZM cmSy> diyZ KoVco Om`Mo. _hmamO XoIaoIrgmR>r OmVrZo hOa AgV. "cmSy> Mm§Jcm _moR>m, KgKerV AmH$mamMm ~Zdm' Ago Vo gdmªZm gm§JV Agm`Mo. CËgdmÀ`m doir dmQ>co OmUmao ho _moR>_moR>o cmSy> hm Ë`m doir _moR>m AmH$f©UmMm {df` Agm`Mm. JmoaJ[a~m§À`m _wIr Ë`m {Z{_ÎmmZo H$mhr JmoS> cmJmdo hrM Ë`m _mJMr lr_hmamOm§Mr ^mdZm ! nwÊ`{VWr{Z{_Îm gwédmVrcm H$mhr df} {MniyUMo lr. H¥$îUm~wdm Ho$iH$a Am{U aËZm{JarMo lr. {_amer~wdm `m§Mr H$sV©Zo hmoV AgV. CËgd H$mimV H$mH$S> AmaVr, cKwéÐm{^foH$, lmÕ{dYr, nyOm, àdMZ, ^OZ, _hmàgmX Ago H$m`©H«$_ hmoV. n{hë`m {Xder H$sV©ZmZ§Va cmSy> dmQ>co OmV. àgmXmgmR>r A\$mQ> JXu hmoV Ago. lr grVmam_~wdm g_m{Y_§{XamV amhÿ cmJë`mda lrXod XÎm _§{Xamà_mUoM `oWohr H$mH$S> AmaVr, nyOm, n§MnXr Ago H$m`©H«$_ {Z`{_VnUo hmoD$ cmJco. lr_hmamOgwÕm dma§dma gmdS>çm©cm g_m{Y_§{XamV `oD$Z gd© ì`dñWoH$S>o ~maH$mB©Zo cj XoD$Z ho g§ñWmZ {Xdg|{Xdg C{O©VmdñWoV `oÊ`mgmR>r PQy> cmJco. A§{V_ ^oQ>rÀ`m doir ""Vw{P`o öX`r Iao Ÿ& {ZË` g_mYr ñWmZ _mPo Ÿ&'' Ago lr dhmiH$a~wdm lr_hmamOm§Zm åhUmco hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Zrhr ""_mPo öX`r g_mYrñWmZ Ÿ& {ZË` gX²>Jwê$ {XJ§~am§Mo '' Ago åhQ>co hmoVo. na§Vw gd©gm_mÝ` g§gmar OZm§g_moa Amnë`m gX²Jwê$§Mr gJwU gmH$ma g_mYr C^r H$ê$Z lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zmhr ^[º$_mJm©Mr H$dmS>o Iwcr H$ê$Z {Xcr. na§Vw hm Ho$di lr_hmamOm§À`m H$m`m©Mm lrJUoem hmoVm. D D D

_mPo öX`t.. / 41

àH$aU : 6

H$mí`nrMo Vramda & ñWmZ {Z{_©c§o A{Vgw§Xa Ÿ&& gmdS>çm©Vrc lr dhmiH$a~wdm g_m{Y_§{Xa ho ñWmZ ñd`§nyU© H$aUo, VoWrc {ZË`nyOm, ~wdm§Mr nwÊ`{VWr VgoM AÝ` Z¡{_{ÎmH$ CËgd `m gdmªMr EH$ H$m`_ ñdê$nr ì`dñWm {Z_m©U H$aUo ho lr_hmamOm§Mo nwT>rc C{Ôï> hmoVo. EImXo Ym{_©H$ ñWmZ {Z_m©U H$aUo \$mago H$R>rU ZgVo; na§Vw VoWrc H$m`© Aì`mhVnUo dfm©Zwdf} Mmcdm`Mo Agoc Va VoWo gwÑT> àWm na§nam {Z_m©U H$amì`m cmJVmV. H$m`m©cm {ZanojnUo dmhÿZ KoVcoë`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªMm g§M C^m H$amdm cmJVmo Am{U ñWmZmgmR>r Amdí`H$ Vmo IM© ^mJoc Aer Am{W©H$ VaVyX H$amdr cmJVo. 1953 gmcr lr dhmiH$a~wdm§Mr nwÊ`{VWr lr dhmiH$a~wdm§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamV H$aÊ`mV Amcr Am{U VoìhmnmgyZ lr grVmam_~wdm§Zm gmo~V KoD$Z lr_hmamO `m ñWmZmÀ`m CËH$fm©gmR>r doJdoJù`m `moOZm AmIy cmJco. 1955 À`m E{àc _{hÝ`mV lr_hmamO lr.nm§Sw>a§Jamd _a~ùir `m§À`mg_doV Jmoì`mV Joco hmoVo. lr._a~ùir `m§Zr Jmoì`mV EH$ cmoI§S>mMr ImU IaoXr Ho$cr hmoVr. _w§~B©cm dmñVì`mcm Agcoë`m _a~ùir `m§Zr Ë`m doir nmoVw©JrO A_cmImcr Agcoë`m Jmoì`mV lr.`moJmZ§X H$m_V `m lr.AÊUm H$m_V `m§À`m nwVÊ`mgmo~V ^mJrXmarV ho YmS>g Ho$co hmoVo. Ë`m g§X^m©V lr_hmamO Jmoì`mcm Joco hmoVo. `mVrc _hÎdmMm ^mJ Agm H$s, lr._a~ùir `m§Zr ho gd© ì`mn, Ë`mVyZ Omo n¡gm {_ioc Vmo gmdS>} `oWrc lr_hmamOm§À`m {d{dY `moOZm§gmR>r dmnamd`mMm, `m CXmÎm hoVZy o Ho$coco hmoV.o lr.AÊUm H$m_Vm§À`m E{àc 1954À`m EH$m nÌmVrc _OHw$am_wiMo lr_hmamOm§À`m `m Jmodm ^oQ>rMm CcJS>m hmoVmo. gmdS>çm©À`m g_m{Y_§{XamV hmoUmè`m {d{dY H$m`©H«$_m§Zm Am{U CËgdm§Zm lr_hmamO OmVrZo CnpñWV AgV. H$m`©H«$_m§Mo {Z`moOZ lr_hmamOM H$arV. AmO S>oadU `oWo gmOè`m hmoUmè`m {edO`§Vr AJa AÝ` CËgdm§À`m VwcZoZo Ë`m doiÀ`m CËgdm§Mr ì`már H$_r hmoVr, CnpñWVr H$_r hmoVr. na§Vw Vmo H$mi cjmV KoVm, CncãY gmYZgm_J«r, _Zwî`~i Am{U gmo`rgw{dYm§Mr pñWVr nmhmVm Vo AmdmhZ AmOÀ`mnojmhr IS>Va hmoVo, lr_hmamOm§À`m EH§$Xa ì`dñWmnZ H$m¡eë`mMr H$gmoQ>r nmhmUmaoM hmoVo. Ë`m H$mir añVo OdiOdi ApñVËdmVM ZìhVo. XwJ©dmS>r \$mQ>çmnmgyZ AmV g_m{Y_§{Xamn`ªV `oÊ`mgmR>r \$º$ ~¡cJmS>r `oÊ`mgmaImM añVm hmoVm. drO ZìhVr, CÝhmù`mV nmÊ`mMo hmc, `oUmè`m nmhþÊ`m§Mr amhmÊ`mMr gmo` H$aÊ`mgmR>r nwaoem B_maVr ZìhË`m. XyY-Xw^V§, ^mOrnmcm Aem Jmoï>r ghOnUo CncãY ZìhË`m. AmOH$mc gd©Ì ^anya à_mUmV {nedr~§X XyY CncãY Amhoo. hr pñWVr nÞmg dfmªnydu ZìhVr. XyY _moR>çm à_mUmda EH$mM {R>H$mUr {_iV Zgo. 42 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Ë`m doir lr_hmamO CËgdmgmR>r cmJUmao XyY AmOy~mOyÀ`m S>m|Jami ^mJmV amhmUmè`m YZJam§H$Sy>Z KoV AgV. Vo XyY nmVi Agc§ Varhr lr_hmamO Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>ZM XyY IaoXr H$am`Mo. lr_hmamO gm§Jm`Mo H$s ho cmoH$ XwJ©_ ^mJmV amhmVmV. XwYmMm Y§Xm hoM Ë`m§À`m CnOr{dHo$Mo EH$_od gmYZ, Vo Jar~ AmhoV, H$ï>àX OrdZ OJVmhoV. AmnU XyY KoD$Z Ë`m§Zm WmoS>m\$ma hmV^ma cmdm`Mm. lr_hmamOm§Mr {ZarjU eº$s {dcjU hmoVr Am{U Ë`m§Mo {dícofUhr AmJio doJio Agm`Mo. `m YZJa O_mVr{df`r ~mocVmZm EH$Xm Ë`m§Zr gm§{JVco H$s hr O_mV ZmJar dñVrVM gnmQ>rda amhmUmar hmoVr. H$Yr H$mir _wgc_mZr AmH«$_UmnmgyZ Amncm Y_© Am{U g§ñH¥$Vr dmM{dÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr S>mJ| ami ^mJmMm Aml` KoVcm Am{U _J Vo VoWMo a_co. ""Jmoa'o ' dJ¡ao AmS>Zmdo Ë`m§À`mV àM{bV AmhoV, Vr `m nyd{} Vhmgm_wio ! lr_hmamO ~mocÊ`mÀ`m AmoKmV Amnco _ycJm_r {ZîH$f© Ago ghO OmVm OmVm gm§JZy OmV ! `oUmè`m nmhþÊ`m§Mm Zo_H$m A§XmO H$aUo H$R>rU Am{U XyY Am`Ë`m doir {_iUo H$R>rU, åhUyZ Zoh_r ^anya XyY _mJ{dco Om`Mo Am{U _J Cacoë`m XwYmMm M¸$m H$ê$Z eodQ>À`m {Xder nmoQ>^a lrI§S>mMm ~oV Agm`Mm. aËZm{JarÀ`m eaXamd H$moH$Oo `m§Zm AOyZhr Vo {Xdg c»I AmR>dVmV. Vo gm§JVmV H$s _hmamO AmJ«h H$aH$ê$Z lrI§S> dmT>m`Mo Am{U gmaoOU AmH§$R> lrI§S> Im`Mo ! _mÌ lr_hmamOm§À`m H¥$noZo H$moUmcm H$Yr Ë`mMm Ìmg Pmcm Zmhr. 1957 gmcMr Jmoï> Amho. lr_hmamO lr dhmiH$a~wdm§À`m nwÊ`{VWr CËgdmÀ`m nydV© `margmR>r gmdS>çm©cm {ZKmco hmoV.o gmo~V CËgdmgmR>r cmJUmao gm_mZ IaoXr H$ê$Z KoVco hmoV.o Ë`m gm_mZmV _moR>çm gVa§Á`m hmoË`m. ñd`§nmH$mMr chmZ _moR>r ^m§S>r hmoVr, gmdS>çm©V drO Zmhr åhUyZ KoVcoë`m Mma noQ>m´ _o Š° g ~Î`m hmoË`m. gmdS>çm©cm Zgcoë`m, Z {_iUmè`m na§Vw CËgdmgmR>r Amdí`H$ Aem dñVy Jmoim H$ê$Z lr_hmamO gmdS>çm©cm {ZKmco; Voìhm gmo~V EH§$Xa "\$º$' ~oMmirg ~moOo hmoVo ! gm_mZ KoD$Z lr_hmamO ^mD$À`m YŠŠ`mda {ZKmco, Voìhm _w~§ B©V Aem§V dmVmdaUm_wio g§Mma~§Xr cmJy hmoVr. lr.~mUmdcr ho nmocrg ImË`mVM ZmoH$arcm hmoV;o Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr ~amo~a `oD$Z lr_hmamOm§Zm ~moQ>rV ~gdyZ {Xco. lr_hmamO ~moQ>rZo aËZm{Jar ~§XamV Amco. ~moQ> YŠŠ`mcm cmJV Zgo. g_wÐmV Imoc nmÊ`mVM ~moQ>r Wm§~V Am{U _J "nS>md' Zm_H$ ngaQ> N>mQo >çm hmoS>rVyZ gm_mZ Am{U àdmgr `m§Zm aËZm{JarÀ`m YŠŠ`mda AmUco OmB©. ~§Xamdarb h_mc, _mUgo Am{U ~moOo `m§Zm EH$mM _mnmZo ~moQ>rVyZ CMcyZ cmQ>md§ a hocH$mdo ImUmè`m nS>mdmV \o$H$V AgV. hm gmam Ðm{dS>r àmUm`m_ H$ê$Z _hmamO aËZm{Jarcm Amco Am{U VoWZy _J JmS>rZo gmdS>çm©cm gmao gm_mZ KoD$Z Joc.o Ë`m H$mir hm àdmg åhUOo EH$ {Xì`M hmoV.o AÝ` n`m©` ZìhVm åhUyZM cmoH$ hm àdmg Ho$di ZmBcmOmZo H$arV. Aem doir ~oMmirg AdOS> ~moOo KoD$Z hm àdmg lr_hmamO Amnë`m gX²>Jêw $§darc Am{U A§JrH¥$V H$m`m©darc OmÁdë` {Zð>_o i w M o H$arV hmoV.o Oo H$am`Mo Vo CÎm_, n[anyU,© H$m`_ ñdê$nr H$am`Mo. VmËnwaVo, VH$cmXy, H$m_McmD$ H$mhr H$am`Mo Zmhr; _J Ë`mgmR>r {H$Vrhr H$ï> hmodmoV, {H$Vrhr IM© hmodmo AJa doi cmJmo. lr_hmamOm§Mo {Z`moOZ n[anyU© hmoVo H$mí`nrMo Vramda.. / 43

Am{U Vo H$ï> Am{U {MH$mQ>r `m§À`m ^¸$_ nm`mda C^o hmoV.o lr_hmamO, lr dhmiH$a~wdm g_m{Y_§{XamV A{YH$m{YH$ Jw§VV OmV hmoVo, na§Vw lr dhmiH$a~wdm§Mo OmdB© lr.aKwZmW e|~oH$a Am{U lr_hmamO `m§À`mV Omo gwg§dmX {Z_m©U ìhm`cm hdm hmoVm Vmo XwX£dmZo Pmcm ZìhVm. lrXod XÎm XodñWmZMr Or O_rZ hmoVr, Vr Amnco gpËeî` lr grVmam_~wdm `m§À`mH$S>o gwnyX© H$aÊ`mEodOr Ë`m O{_Zrg d{hdmQ>Xma åhUyZ Amnco OmdB© lr.aKwZmW e|~oH$a `m§Mo Zmd lr dhmiH$a~wdm§Zr cmdco hmoVo. Ë`m O{_ZrV 1951 gmcr lr dhmiH$a~wdm§Mo A§Ë`g§ñH$ma Pmco Am{U VoWoM 1953 gmcr N>moQ>ogo _méVr _§{Xa Am{U lr dhmiH$a~wdm§Mo g_m{Y_§{Xa Pmco. 1953 nmgyZ XÎm _§{XamVrc Amnco dmñVì`mMo {R>H$mU gmoSy>Z lr grVmam_~wdm g_m{Y_§{XamV amhÿZ g_mYrMr ì`dñWm nmhÿ cmJco. Ë`mMà_mUo eoVrdmS>rMr ì`dñWmhr lr grVmam_~wdm nyd©dV nmhmV hmoVo. hm ^mJ _mJrb àH$aUmV Ambm Amho. lr_hmamOm§Zr n[al_nyd©H$ lr dhmiH$a~wdm nwÊ`{VWr CËgdmMo ñdê$n {dñV¥V Ho$co. lr_hmamOm§Zm _mZUmao nwÊ`m-_w§~B©Mo VgoM aËZm{Jar dJ¡ao ^mJmVrc ^º$ dmT>Ë`m g§»`oZo à{Vdfu CËgdmcm gmdS>çm©cm `oD$ cmJco. AmOy~mOyÀ`m JmdmVrc _§S>irhr _moR>çm g§»`oZo CËgdmcm `oD$ cmJcr Am{U Ë`m_wio g_m{Y_§{XamV `oUmè`m nmhþÊ`m§gmR>r {ZdmgñWmZ, ñd`§nmH$Ka, ñZmZJ¥h, ñdÀN>VmJ¥h dJ¡ago mR>r OmJm H$_r nSy> cmJcr. Voìhm `m gd© gmo`r H$aÊ`mgmR>r g_m{Y_§{Xam^modVr XrS> EH$a O_rZ Amnë`mcm _ŠË`mZo (dm{f©H$ R>amdrH$ YmÝ` XoÊ`mÀ`m H$amamZo) {_imdr Agm àñVmd lr_hmamOm§Zr d{hdmQ>Xma lr.aKwZmW e|~Ho $a `m§À`mnwT>o R>do cm. na§Vw lr.e|~Ho $a `m àñVmdmcm {~cHy$c amOr Pmco ZmhrV. lr.aKwZmW e|~oH$a `m§À`m Ka naS>çmVM lrXod XÎm _§{Xa hmoVo. VoWo CÝhmù`mV AIoaMo XmoZ _{hZo nmÊ`mMr Vrd« Q>§MmB© ^mgV Ago. Ë`m doir VoWyZ WmoS>çm Xya A§Vamda H$mí`nr ZXrncrH$S>o g_m{Y_§{XamOdi Agcoë`m {d{harMo nmUr e|~oH$a Hw$Qw>§~r` dmnarV. Vr O_rZ g_m{Y_§{Xamg {Xë`mg Vo nmUr AmnUmg dmnaVm `oUma Zmhr, Aem g_OwVrZo `m àñVmdmcm e|~oH$am§Zr {damoY Ho$cm. Ë`m doir gwg§dmXmZo `m àýmda _mJ© H$mT>Vm Amcm AgVm; na§Vw Vgo Z hmoVm 1957-58 nmgyZ C^`njr chmZ ghmZ Hw$a~war gwê$ Pmë`m (nÌ H«$. 9,10; n[a{eï> H«$. 4). Ë`mVM lr_hmamOm§Zr lr.aKwZmW e|~oH$a `m§Zm Ago gwM{dco H$s, lrXod XÎm XodñWmZMm Q´>ñQ> H$ê$Z Vmo a{OñQ>a H$amdm. Vr gyMZm H$aÊ`m_mJo lr_hmamOm§Mm {dMma ì`mnH$ hmoVm. Ë`m doir Oar Vr O_rZ lr grVmam_~wdm àË`j eoVmV H$m_ H$ê$Z H$gV AgV; Var nwT>o_mJo Vr O_rZ Hw$im§H$Sy>ZM H$gyZ ¿`mdr cmJUma hmoVr. d`mo_mZmà_mUo lr grVmam_~wdmhr WH$co hmoVo. Ë`m_wio Oa Vr O_rZ lrXod XÎm XodñWmZ Q´>ñQ>À`m Zmdo cmJcr, Va gmh{OH$M Vr Hy$i H$m`ÚmÀ`m H$joV `oUma ZìhVr. lr.e|~oH$a `m gyMZocm amOr Pmco ZmhrV. na§Vw XmoKm§_Yrc {dg§dmX _mÌ dmT>Ê`mg hr gyMZm H$maUr^yV Pmcr. lr.e|~oH$a `m§Zr lrXod XÎm XodñWmZMm Q´>ñQ> H$aÊ`mMr lr_hmamOm§Mr gyMZm Aìhoacr. na§Vw 44 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

1961 gmcr lr grVmam_~wdm§gh, lr.lrnmX e§H$a e|~oH$a Am{U AÝ` 11 AO©Xmam§Zr Ver _mJUr WoQ> M°[aQ>r H${_eZa `m§À`mH$S>oM Ho$cr Am{U 1962 gmcrM Mm¡H$er hmoD$Z Vmo Q´>ñQ> a{OñQ>a Pmcm. _mÌ hr Jmoï> lr.aKwZmW e|~oH$a `m§Zm qH$dm Ë`m§Mo Hw$Qw>§~r` `m§À`m {~cHy$c _Zmg Amcr ZìhVr. Ë`m_wio EH$ àH$maMm Xwamdm Ë`m§À`m _ZmV {Z_m©U Pmcm. na§Vw Varhr lr grVmam_~wdm g_m{Y_§{XamVM amhmV hmoVo Am{U lr dhmiH$a~wdm nwÊ`{VWr Zoh_rà_mUoM lr_hmamOm§À`m CnpñWVrV Ë`m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImcr ì`dpñWVarË`m Mmcy hmoVr. _mÌ AmVm Aem nañna gm¡hmЩhrZ dmVmdaUmV {Xdg H$mT>Uo ho lr grVmam_~wdm§À`m ÑîQ>rZo \$ma H$R>rU OmV AgUma ho lr_hmamOm§Zr VmS>co hmoVo Am{U åhUyZM ~wdm§gmR>r EH$ doJio Ka ~m§Ym`Mo lr_hmamOm§Zr R>a{dco. lr_hmamO Am{U lr grVmam_~wdm `m§Mo nañnam§da \$ma ào_ hmoVo. nañnam§Mo ñd^mdhr Vgo {^Þ Am{U Ë`m_wioM nañnam§Zm nmofH$ hmoVo. lr_hmamO ~møV: CJ«àH¥$Vr Va ~wdm A{Ve` _¥Xy ñd^mdmMo. nydu Ooìhm _hmamO S>oadUÀ`m J«m_ñW _§S>itÀ`m \$mago n[aM`mMo ZìhVo, Voìhm ~wdm§gmaIm _moR>m _mUyg lr_hmamOm§g_moa EdT>m X~yZ H$m dmJVmo `mMo gd©gm_mÝ` cmoH$m§Zm Amü`© dmQ>m`Mo. lr grVmam_~wdm {Mcr_ AmoT>m`Mo. na§Vw Ë`m§Zr H$Yrhr lr_hmamOm§g_moa {Mcr_ AmoT>cr Zmhr. gd© cmoH$ ~wdm§À`m nm`mda S>mHo $o R>do m`Mo. _hmamO Aem doir VoWo Agco Va ~wdm g§H$moMZy Om`Mo. _hmamO ~wdm§da amJmdco Var ~wdm§Zr H$Yr àË`wÎma {Xco ZmhrM, CcQ> gmao em§VnUo EoHy$Z ¿`m`Mo. Ë`m_wio cmoH$m§Zm dmQ>m`Mo H$s ho EdT>o lr_hmamOm§Zm Km~ê$Z H$m dmJVmV ! Vgo ~mocyZ XmI{dVmM lr grVmam_~wdm åhUm`Mo, ""Vo _mPr AmB© AmhoV. Vo H$m` AmhoV ho Vwåhmcm H$im`cm ~arM df} cmJVrc.'' lr grVmam_~wdm {_V^mfr. Ë`m§Mr Or nÌo AmO CncãY AmhoV; Vrhr Aer MVH$moa H$mJXmMm AYm©^mJ KoD$Z Ë`mda AJXr _moOŠ`m eãXmV {c{hcocr, Aënmjar AmhoV. Aem grVmam_~wdm§da àg§Jr lr_hmamO g§VmnV, dmº$mS>Z H$arV. nU amJ {ZdiVmM Ë`m§Zm ào_mZo {_R>r _mê$Z åhUV, ""~wdm, Vw_À`m{edm` _cm Am{U _mÂ`m{edm` Vwåhmcm Xwgao H$moU Amho ?'' `m Ë`m§À`m CX²>JmamVM gmao H$mhr gmR>{dcoco hmoVo Am{U åhUyZM lr grVmam_~wdm§gmR>r Ë`m§Mo ñdV:Mo Ago EH$ Ka ~m§Ym`Mo lr_hmamOm§ Z r R> a dco Am{U Ë`mgmR> r Vo OmJm emo Y y cmJco . S> o a dU JmdÀ`m hÔrV na§ V w g_m{Y_§{XamOdiM Aer lr._Ý`mgmho~ ~mnygmho~ amOo{eH}$ `m§Mr EH$ O_rZ hmoVr. Vr O_rZ lr.JwOa `m§À`mH$S>o JhmU nS>cocr hmoVr. Vr {dH$V KoD$Z VoWo lr grVmam_~wdm§gmR>r Ka ~m§Ymd`mg gwédmV Pmcr. Vo 1966 qH$dm 67 gmc Agmdo. KamÀ`m {Z`mo{OV OmJoOdi EH$ Am§ã`mMo PmS> hmoVo. VoWo EH$ chmZgo _méVrMo _§{Xa ~m§Ym`Mo R>aco Am{U H$m_mcm gwédmVXoIrc Pmcr. `m _méVr _§{XamV ~g{dÊ`mgmR>r _méVrMr _yVu AmUÊ`mgmR>r lr_hmamO _w§~B©cm Joco. lr dhmiH$a~wdm§À`m g_mYrda ~g{dcocr _méVrMr _yVu _mYd~mJoVyZ AmUcocr hmoVr. `m doir VoWo _ZmgmaIr _yVu Z AmT>ië`mZo lr.eaX _wZr lr_hmamOm§Zm KoD$Z _mhr_À`m "{eënr' ñQw>{S>Amo_Ü`o H$mí`nrMo Vramda.. / 45

Joco. gmo~V lr.~mUmdcr hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnë`mcm H$er _yVu nm{hOo `mMr Vn{ecdma H$ënZm Ë`m JwOamWr {eënH$mamcm {Xcr. {eënH$mamZo àW_ _mVrMr Z_wZm_yVu V`ma Ho$cr. na§Vw Vr _ZmOmoJVr Z dmQ>ë`mZo lr_hmamOm§Zr ñdV: hmVr _mVr KoVcr Am{U Ë`m _yVuMm Moham VgoM H${Q>^mJ AmnUmg hdm Vgm H$ê$Z KoVcm. lr_hmamOm§Mo ho Aà{V_ hñVH$m¡eë` nmhÿZ Vmo {eënH$ma W¸$ Pmcm Am{U Ë`mZo lr_hmamOm§À`m nm`mda S>moHo$ R>odco. nm§T>è`m ew^« g§J_adamMr _yVu ~Zdm`Mr hmoVr Am{U Ë`mcm ghO _{hZm XmoZ _{hZo cmJUma hmoVo. _Ü`§VarÀ`m H$mimV gmdS>çm©cm EH$ J§^ra àg§J KS>cm. lr.aKwZmW e|~oH$a `m§Zr Amncm _w§~B©cm amhmUmam _wcJm dmgwXod `mcm VmVS>rZo gmdS>çm©cm ~mocmdyZ KoVco Am{U Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z lr dhmiH$a~wdm§À`m g_m{YñWir Agcoco chmZgo _méVrMo XoD$i nmSy>Z Q>mH${dco. hr Jmoï> 196667 gmcr Ho$ìhmVar Pmcr; _mÌ `m KQ>ZoMo AZoH$ XyaJm_r n[aUm_ Pmco. `m àg§JmÀ`m doir H$moUVohr VmËH$m{cH$ H$maU Oar KS>co ZìhVo; Varhr lr.e|~oH$a `m§Zr _méVr _§{Xa nmS>Ê`mgmaIo AmVVm`r H¥$Ë` Ho$co, Vo lr_hmamO Am{U lr grVmam_~wdm `m§À`m{df`r, Ë`m§À`m H$m`m©_mJrc hoV{w df`r _ZmV qH$Vy {Z_m©U Pmë`m_wio ! nañnamV _moH$im g§dmX Pmcm Zmhr Am{U OoìhmOoìhm H$mhr JmdH$ar _§S>itÀ`m ghH$m`m©Zo g_oQ>, VS>OmoS>rgmR>r H$mhr à`ËZ Pmco, Ë`mcmhr gw`mo½` à{VgmX {_imcm Zmhr. \$º$ J¡ag_O, A{dœmg Am{U _V^oXmMo dmVmdaU {Z_m©U Pmco. nwT>o WmoS>r WmoS>H$s Zìho Va gw_mao 25 df} ho ÛofmMo, A{dœmgmMo dmVmdaU lr_hmamOm§À`m H$m`m©cm WmoS>m\$ma J{VamoY H$arV am{hco. _méVr _§{Xa nmS>Ê`mMr lr.e|~oH$am§Mr H¥$Vr lr_hmamOm§Zr A{Ve` J§^ranUo KoVcr. Ë`m§Zr g_m{YñWimdarc Vr dra _méVrMr _yVu Am{U Am¡Xw§~amImcrc lr grVmam_~wdm§Mo XodñWmZ VoWyZ CMcyZ S>ao dUÀ`m OmJoV AmUco Am{U VoWo ZdrZ ~m§Ycoë`m _§{XamV Vr _yVu {d{YdV ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mV Amcr. lr grVmam_~wdm§gmR>r ~m§YÊ`mV `oV Agcoë`m KamÀ`m H$m_mcmhr JVr XoÊ`mV Amcr. ~wdm§Mo ho {Z`mo{OV Ka Am{U _méVr _§{Xa lr._Ý`mgmho~ amOo{eH}$ `m§À`mH$Sy>Z KoVcoë`m O{_ZrV S>ao dU JmdÀ`m hÔr_Ü`o hmoV.o lr_hmamOm§À`m Zmdmer S>ao dU ho Zmd AVyQ>nUo OmoS>co Joco Vo Aem arVrZo. S>ao dU JmdmV Amnë`m H$m`m©Mm lrJUoem H$aÊ`mnydu lr_hmamO ñ_aUnydH© $ lrH$í`n F$ftÀ`m ñWmZr OmD$Z Ë`m§Mo Amerdm©X KoD$Z Amco hmoV.o S>ao dUÀ`m nydc } m gømÐr nd©VmMr EH$ emIm Amho. Ë`m S>mJ| amda EH$m XwJ_© OmJr ho H$í`n F$ftMo ñWmZ Amho. Jwh_o Ü`o lrXÎmJwê$§ À`m nmXwH$m ñWmnZ Ho$coë`m AmhoV Am{U VoWMo H$mí`nr ZXrMm CJ_ Amho. `m ñWmZr Om`cm S>ao dU JmdmVyZ XmoZ-AS>rM Vmg MT>UrMm añVm nma H$ê$Z Omdo cmJVo. añVm AS>MUrMm Am{U AdKS> Amho. ñWm{ZH$ cmoH$ `m ñWmZmbm ""H$mní`m~wdm'' åhUVmV. lr_hmamO Am{U lr.Ym|S>~mamd JwOa Ago XmoKo `m XwJ©_ {R>H$mUr MmcV Joco. lr_hmamOm§Zr hmV^oQ>rMm Zmai lrH$í`n F$ftZm An©U Ho$cm Am{U lr grVmam_~wdm§À`m KamÀ`m H$m_mcm gwédmV H$arV Agë`mMo gm§JyZ àmW©Zm Ho$cr. Ë`mM doir ^{dî`H$mimV gmH$ma H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$moUË`m ^ì`{Xì` 46 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

àH$ënm§Mr _whÿV©_oT> AmnU amodrV AmhmoV `mMm Cƒma _hmamOm§Zr Ho$cm Zgoc; nU _Zmo_Z lrH$í`n F$ftg_moa Amnco g§H$ën _m§S>co AgVrcM. ho ñWmZ lr_hmamOm§Zm AmdS>co Agmdo; H$maU nwT>o nwÝhm EH$Xm lr_hmamO YZJadmS>rVrc ~|S>çm `m N>moQ>çm _wcmcm KoD$Z VoWo Joco hmoVo (lr_hmamOm§À`m ghdmgm_wio hm ~|S>çm Am`wî`^a {Zì`©gZr amhÿZ Ë`mZo Amncm g§gma gwImMm Ho$cm). lr grVmam_~wdm§À`m KamMo H$m_ gwê$ AgVmZmM _mK ew && 1 eH$ 1890; e{Zdma, {X.18.1.1969 amoOr Xwnmar 1 dmOVm lr grVmam_~wdm§Zr Xoh R>odcm. lr_hmamO Ë`m doir _w§~B© `oWo lr.n§{S>V `m§À`mH$S>o _w¸$m_mcm hmoVo. d¥Îm g_OVmM lr_hmamO gmo~V 9-10 ^º$_§S>ir VgoM A§Ë`g§ñH$mamgmR>r nwamo{hV dJ¡a|Zm KoD$Z XmoZ ImgJr JmS>çm§Zr amÌm¡ 10 dmOVm _w§~B©hÿZ {ZKmco Am{U a{ddmar nhmQ>o gmS>onmM dmOVm S>oadUcm Amco. A§Ë`g§ñH$mamÀ`m doir S>oadU, Hw$S>n Aem AmOy~mOyÀ`m JmdmVrc AZoH$ cmoH$ hOa hmoVo. gd© lr._Ý`mgmho~ amOo{eH}$, Aßnm _mo{hao, grVmam_~mny {MZmoiH$a amOo{eH}$, {edmOr _m_m _hmS>rH$, Ym|S>~mamd JwOa, O`mÊUm JwOa, S>oadUMo gan§M e§H$aamd JwOa, XÎmmo~m MìhmU, em_^mD$ H$X_ Ago à{V{ð>V Am{U lr grVmam_~wdm§da Anma lÕm AgUmao cmoH$ àm_w»`mZo Amco hmoVo. Hw$S>nhÿZ lr.Ho$edeoQ> OmYd Amncr ^OZ-_§S>ir KoD$Z Amco hmoVo. A{¾g§ñH$ma hmoÊ`mnydu lr_hmamOm§Zr lr grVmam_~wdm§Mo H$m`© nwT>o Mmcy R>odÊ`mgmR>r lrg§V grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a M°[aQ>o~c Q´>ñQ>Mr ñWmnZm Ho$cr. Ë`m doirM Ë`m H$mJXnÌm§da 100-125 cmoH$m§À`m gøm hmoD$Z nwT>o 17 Owc¡ 1969 amoOr Q´>ñQ> Y_m©Xm` Am`wº$m§H$S>o Zm|X{dÊ`mV Amcm. lr grVmam_~wdm§À`m nm{W©dmda, _méVr _§{Xa Am{U Ë`m§Mo ~m§YH$m_ Mmcy Agcoco Ka `m§À`mZOrH$ g_moarc ~mOyg A{¾g§ñH$ma H$aÊ`mV Amco. lr grVmam_~wdm§Mo H$m`© nyU© Pmë`mda Voamì`m {XderM Ë`m§Mr ñd`§nmH$mMr ^m§S>r dJ¡ao S>oadUÀ`m Zì`m KamV hb{dÊ`mV Ambr Am{U lr dhmiH$a~wdm§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamMm Vm~m lr.dmgwXod e|~oH$a `m§Zr KoVbm. lr grVmam_~wdm§Mo A§Ë`g§ñH$ma Pmbo Ë`mM OmJr Ë`m§Mr g_mYr 1972 _Ü`o ~m§YyZ nyU© H$aÊ`mV Amcr. `m g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m AM}À`m doir lrg§V JJZ{Jar _hmamO, lrg§V Hw$dioH$a _hmamO (Xodê$I) Am{U lrg§V H$mH$m H$maImZrg _hmamO AmdOy©Z CnpñWV hmoVo. Ë`m doir _w§~B©, nwUo, aËZm{Jar VgoM AÝ` JmdmhÿZ AZoH$ ^º$JU CnpñWV hmoVo. _mÌ S>oadU n[agamMm H$m`mnmcQ> H$aUmè`m EH$m \$ma _moR>çm AmÜ`mpË_H$ Am{U gm_m{OH$ H$m`m©Mr hr gwédmV Amho, ho Ë`m doir \$ma WmoS>çm cmoH$m§Zm OmUdco Agoc. IwÔ S>ao dUdm{g`m§ZmgwÕm Ë`mMr ZrQ>er Mmhÿc cmJcocr ZìhVr. {Z`VrZo, ^{dî`mV gmH$ma hmoUmè`m nwÊ`mVrc lr~m~m§À`m ñWmZm~amo~aM `mhr ñWmZmMr O~m~Xmar lr_hmamOm§À`m Im§Úmda gmon{dcr hmoVr Am{U lr_hmamO, gX²Jêw $§ À`m nwÊ`mVrc ñWmZmà_mUoM, ^JdmZ naewam_m§À`m ^y_rV ñWmnZ Ho$bobo ho ñWmZ _moR>o H$aÊ`mgmR>r g‚m Pmco hmoV.o D D D

H$mí`nrMo Vramda.. / 47

àH$aU : 7

åhUVr Jwé Ë`mcm Ÿ& Mmc{d§ gm§àXm` Anwcm Ÿ&& gZ 1929-30À`m Xaå`mZ nwÊ`mV lrgX²>Jwê$ ~m~m§H$Sy>Z AZwJ«h {_imë`mda lr_hmamO VmnmZo AmOmar nSy>Z Kar Amco. Ë`mZ§Va nmo_|S>r, gmo_oœa, H$ë`mU, XmXa Aem doJdoJù`m {R>H$mUr dmñVì` H$ê$Z lr_hmamO 1946 gmcr aËZm{Jarcm Amco. _mÌ `m XrK© H$mcmdYrV Ë`m§Mm Amnë`m gX²Jwê§$er H$m`_ g§nH©$ hmoVm. ""OoWo OmVmo VoWo Vy _mPm gm§JmVr'' `m ^mdZoZo Amnco H$m`© H$moR>ohr Mmccoco Agco Var ""gd© gX²>Jwê§$gr H$am {ZdoXZŸ& g§Vmofr OrdZ VoUo hmo` &'' Ago gm§JUmao lr_hmamO dma§dma nwÊ`mcm ~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Var `oV hmoVo qH$dm nÌmVyZ gd© H$mhr ~m~m§À`m MaUr ê$Oy H$arV hmoVo. gZ 1951-52 nmgyZ gmdS>çm©À`m lr dhmiH$a~wdm§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m H$m_mMm ì`mn dmT>cm hmoVm. Varhr gX²Jwê$ ~m~m _hmamOm§H$S>o lr_hmamO dma§dma Xe©ZmgmR>r Ymd KoV hmoVo. EH$Xm AgoM Xe©Zmcm Amco AgVm lr_hmamOm§À`m hmVmda lr~m~m§Zr Mma H$ÊhoarMr \w$co àgmX åhUyZ R>odcr. lr_hmamOm§Zr Vmo àgmX VËH$mi J«hU Ho$cm. lr~m~m åhUmco, ""Aao {dR>mo~m, ho Vy H$m` Ho$cog ? H$ÊhoarMr \w$co {dfmar AgVmV. \w$co ImÊ`mH$aVm {Xcr ZìhVr. ~ao, Agy§ Xo ! AmVm VwnmMr Am{U _moamdù`mMr ~aUr AmVyZ KoD$Z `o.'' lrgX²Jwê$ ~m~m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm ^anya Vyn Am{U _moamdim Im`cm {Xcm Am{U ñdV:hr WmoS>mgm Im„m. EH$Xm lr_hmamOm§Zm Ë`m§Zr Mma _mUgm§Zm nwaoc EdT>m H$m§Xm KmVcocm \$moS>UrMm ^mV Im`cm {Xcm. Ë`m {Xder EH$mXer hmoVr. lr_hmamO EH$mXerMm Cndmg Zoh_r H$arV AgV. Vo ~m~m§Zm åhUmco, ""AmO _mPm EH$mXerMm Cndmg Amho.'' lr~m~m åhUmco, ""Ag§ åhUVmog ? R>rH$ Amho ! VarnU Vmo ^mV g§nd !'' lr_hmamO VodT>çmV Xe©ZmgmR>r VoWo Amcoë`m H$moUm ^º$mcm Ë`mVrc ^mV XoD$ cmJco Va lr~m~m Ë`m _mUgmcm _ZmB© H$ê$Z VoWyZ {nQ>miyZ cmdrV. AIoa Vmo gd© ^mV lr_hmamOm§Zr H$gm~gm g§ndcm. Ë`mMm Ìmg Va Pmcm ZmhrM, na§Vw JwéAmkm à_mU _mZë`m_wio EH$mXerMo d«Vhr ghO gmYco Joco. {X. 9.2.1949 amoOr lr~m~m§Zr _hmamOm§Zm aËZm{Jarcm nmR>{dcoë`m nÌmV EH$ gyMH$ dmŠ` Amho, ""JwOamWr n§Mm§JmV H$cH$s AdVma 1 Am°JñQ> 1953 BgdrgZ n`ªV Amho.'' hm g§Ho$V lr~m~m§Zr Amncm AdVma g_márMm H$mi Odi Amcm Amho ho XmI{dÊ`mgmR>r Ho$cm hmoVm. gZ 1951 nmgyZ lr~m~m§À`m ~mocÊ`mV dma§dma Ago C„oI `oD$ cmJco. 1951 gmcrM lr_hmamOm§Zm {c{hcoë`m EH$m nÌmV Va lr~m~m§Zr Amncm _ZmoX` gwñnï> eãXmV {c{hcm hmoVm. Ë`m nÌmV Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm {dMmaco hmoV,o ""nwÊ`mV EH$ Ka KoD$Z Vy _mPm gm§^mi H$aerc H$m ?'' gZ 1953À`m 48 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

EH$ Am°JñQ>À`m _Ü`amÌr ~mam dmOyZ AÇ>mdrg {_{ZQ|> hr doi lr~m~m _hmamOm§Zr XohË`mJmgmR>r {Z{üV Ho$cr hmoVr. "Vmo' {Xdg Odi `oD$ cmJcm Ver lr_hmamOm§À`m _ZmV àM§S> AñdñWVm {Z_m©U Pmcr. {dfÊUVm XmQ>cr, _ZpñWVr AË`§V ApñWa Pmcr. lrgX²Jwéñdê$n {X¸$mcmVrV & Amho A_mn Am{U AZ§V & {ÌOJVm§Mm àdmh {ZË` & Mmco V`m§À`m gÎmoZo && Ago {c{hUmao lr_hmamO lr~m~m§À`m {d`moJmÀ`m MmhycrZo _mÌ ñdV:M Xw:Ir H$ï>r Pmco. Ë`m§Zr nwÊ`mcm OmD$Z lr~m~m§Zm gmH$S>o Kmcm`Mo R>adco. lr~m~m§Zm Amncm XohË`mJmMm {Zü` ~Xcm`cm cmdm`Mm Am{U ho Oa eŠ` hmoUma Zgoc Va lr~m~m§À`m AmYrM AmnU XohË`mJ H$ê$Z `m OJmVyZ {ZKyZ Om`Mo Agm {Zü` H$ê$Z lr_hmamO nwÊ`mcm OmÊ`mMr V`mar H$ê$ cmJco. H$moUVrhr Jmoï> H$am`Mr R>adcr H$s lr_hmamO Vm~S>Vmo~ Amnë`m gd© eº$s EH$dQy>Z Ë`m Jmoï>rÀ`m nyV©VogmR>r H$m_mcm cmJV. Ë`m doir Ë`m§Mo XodñWmZ ImZycm lr.Im§S>oH$am§H$S>o hmoVo. VoWrc Am{U aËZm{Jar `oWrc gd© ì`dñWm Ë`m§Zr cmdcr. ""naV Amcmo Va nwÝhm Amncr ^oQ>, AÝ`Wm hm _mPm AIoaMm Z_ñH$ma !'' Ago gdmªZm gm§JyZ {X. 28 OyZ 1953 amoOr lr_hmamOm§Zr nwÊ`mH$S>o àñWmZ R>odco. g§H$Q>o ghgm EH$Q>r `oV ZmhrV. lr_hmamO {ZKmco Am{U _wgiYma nmD$g gwê$ Pmcm. Am§~m KmQ>mV XaS>r H$mogië`m. XmoZ {Xdg lr_hmamO KmQ>mV AS>Hy$Z nS>co hmoVo. AIoa S>moŠ`mda gm_mZ KoD$Z {MIc VwS>dV nm`rM lr_hmamO H$moëhmnyacm nmohmoMco. H$moëhmnyacm lr_hmamOm§Zr OJX§~oÀ`m _§{XamV OmD$Z {VMr H$ê$Um ^mH$cr. Amncr _ZmoH$m_Zm nyU© H$a åhUyZ nwÝhmnwÝhm {dZdUr Ho$cr Am{U nwÊ`mcm OmUmè`m aoëdo JmS>rZo {ZKmco. gX²>Jwê$ OUy narjmM KoV hmoVo. gmVmam amoS> `oWo _mcJmS>rcm Pmcoë`m AnKmVm_wio _mJ© ~§X Pmcocm hmoVm. gX²Jwê$ Xe©ZmgmR>r Vi_iUmè`m lr_hmamOm§Zm EH$EH$ jU `wJmgmaIm dmQ>V hmoVm. AIoarg gX²>JwéH¥$noZo lr_hmamO Vã~c gmV {Xdgm§Zr åhUOo 4 Owc¡ 1953 amoOr Xwnmar XrS> dmOVm nwÊ`mg `oD$Z XmIc Pmco. Jwê$H¥$noZ|Mr Omhcm àdmg & nmhr narjog Jwéam`m && VoUo§Mr {Z{_©cr§ g§H$Q>o _mJmªV & nhmd`m {MÎm {dÇ>cmMo§ && ^`H$Vm© Am{U VmoMr ^`hVm© & V`mMm VËdVm§ Ioi gmam && Ago `m àg§JmMo dU©Z lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m "{eî`mh§H$maJ«hU' `m Am»`mZmV Ho$co Amho. gd© gm_mZgw_mZ AmR>ë`o `m§À`m Kar R>odyZ, ñZmZ ^moOZ AmQ>monyZ lr_hmamO Xwnmar gmS>oVrZ dmOVmÀ`m gw_mamg lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Yw_mi {~pëS>¨J_Ü`o Amco. lr~m~m§gmR>r lr_hmamOm§Zr ì`mK«M_© AmUco hmoVo, d§XZ H$ê$Z Vo Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§À`m MaUr An©U Ho$co. ""àdmgmV \$ma Ìmg Pmcm Zm ? AmVm {Zdm§V ~¡g !'' lr~m~m hgyZ åhUmco. na§Vw lr_hmamO {Zdm§V ~gm`cm WmoS>oM Amco åhUVr Jwé Ë`mbm.. / 49

hmoVo ? H$mhr doi OmD$ {Xë`mda lr_hmamOm§Zr {df`mcm Vm|S> \$moS>co, ""EH$ Am°JñQ> 1953 amoOr H$cr g§nUma Am{U AmnU Ë`mM {Xder Xoh gmoS>Uma Ago åhUVm. EdT>r KmB© H$emgmR>r ? Amnë`m nmR>r Amåhmcm H$moU Amho ? AmnUmg Amåhr Ìmg XoVmo åhUyZ H§$Q>micmV H$m ?'' AmVm Amåhm§gr Xoh gmoS>Uo§ Amdí`H$ & nwT>rc H$m`© Imoi§~co XoI & {dœH$mOr§ AdVma gwaoI & YaUo§ Ago Amåhm§gr && Ago gm§JyZ "àË`oH$mcm H$YrVar hm Xoh gmoS>mdmM cmJVmo. Vy Xw:I H$ê$ ZH$mog' Aem eãXmV lr~m~m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm g_Omdco. lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""Vgo Agoc Va Vw_À`m AmYr _rM hm Xoh gmoS>Vmo !'' Ë`mda lr~m~m g§Vmnco, lr_hmamOm§Zm åhUmco, ""Vy _yI© Amhog H$m ? Vwcm AOyZ ~aoM H$m`© H$am`Mo Amho. ^cVm hÅ> Yê$ ZH$mo !'' hm dmX ghm-gmV {Xdg Mmcy hmoVm. lr_hmamO lr~m~m§À`m nm`mer YaUo Yê$ZM ~gcoco hmoVo. Ë`m§Mo _mJUo EH$M hmoVo. AÝ` H$moUË`m {df`mda ~mocUo hmoVM ZìhVo. ~m~mhr Amncm {Zü` _moS>m`cm V`ma ZìhVo. AIoarg lr_hmamOm§Zr {Zdm©UrMo AñÌ H$mT>co. ""AmnU Amncm {Zü` gmoS>rV Zmhr, Voìhm AmnU Á`m OJmV Zmhr VoWo Amåhmcmhr amhmUo Zmhr. AÞË`mJ H$ê$Z _r Amnë`m nm`merM XohË`mJ H$aVmo,'' Ago lr_hmamO ~mocë`mda, Ë`m§Mm ewÕ ^md, {Zñgr_ ào_ nmhÿZ A§V:H$aUmV X`m CËnÞ hmoD$Z lr~m~m§Zr {dMmaco, ""~moc, {H$Vr {Xdg amhÿ ?'' lr_hmamO lr~m~m§ZrM {Z_m©U Ho$coë`m _m`oÀ`m AYrZ hmoD$Z MQ>H$Z ~mocyZ Joco, ""{ZXmZ EH$ df© Var amhm !'' Am{U lr~m~m qH${MV pñ_V H$arV "VWmñVw' åhUmco. lr_hmamOm§Zm AVrd AmZ§X Pmcm. Ë`mM~amo~a "EH$ df©' ho eãX Amnë`m _wImVyZ Joco åhUyZ Xw:Ihr Pmco. na§Vw Vmo gmam gX²>Jwê§$Mm Ioi hmoVm. gX²Jwê$§Zr AmœmgZ {Xco Varhr lr_hmamOm§Zr nwÊ`mVrc _w¸$m_ hcdcm ZìhVm Am{U EH$ Am°JñQ>n`ªV hc{dÊ`mMm {dMmahr ZìhVm. {ZË`Zo_mZo Yw_mi {~pëS>¨J_Ü`o `oD$Z JwégÝ_wI {dZ_« hmoD$Z C^o amhmÊ`mMm H«$_ MmcyM hmoVm. Am{U AMmZH$ EH$ {Xdg {dcjU KS>co ! Vr Owc¡Mr 24 VmarI hmoVr. lr_hmamO Zoh_rà_mUo ~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm Joco hmoVo. lr~m~m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm Odi ~mocmdco. Ë`m§Mm COdm hmV lr~m~m§Zr dMZ KoVë`mà_mUo Amnë`m COì`m hmVmda nmcWm R>odyZ KoVcm, Ë`mda Amncm S>mdm hmV ÑT>nUo R>odyZ Vo {dcjU AmdoJnyU© ñdamV åhUmco, ""{dR>mo~m, AmOnmgyZ VwPm gd© Ah§H$ma _r KoVcm ~a§ ! ñdoÀN>oZo KoVcm ! AmVm Vwcm H$emMmhr {dMma H$aUo Zmhr. VwPo gd© H$mhr BV:na _rM H$aUma Amho ho Ü`mZmV Ya !'' lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§Zm AZoH$ Jmoï>r gm§{JVë`m. Jwê$nXoemÀ`m doir gwê$ Pmcocr, gX²Jwê§$Zr {eî`mMm ñdrH$ma H$aÊ`mMr à{H«$`m Ë`m {Xder nyU©Ëdmg nmdcr. Ë`mZ§Va XmoZM {Xdgm§Zr åhUOo 26 Owc¡ 1953 amoOr lr_hmamOm§Zr lr~m~m§Mr fmoS>emonMmao nyOm 50 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Ho$cr. Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§Mr ^mdmdñWm Amnë`m gX²>Jwê§$À`m MaUr BVH$s a§JyZ Jocr hmoVr H$s lr_hmamO Amnë`m ZH$iVM nyOoMo EH$EH$ CnMma nma nmS>rV hmoVo Am{U nyOoMm EH$EH$ CnMma lr~m~m OmUrdnyd©H$ XohpñWVrda amhÿZ Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z H$adyZ KoV hmoVo. nyOm{dYr nyU© hmoVmM lr~m~m§Zr Amnë`m Jù`mVrc Jwcm~mMm hma Amnë`m hmVmZo lr_hmamOm§À`m Jù`mV KmVcm. ñdV:Mr On_mi Am{U lrAmB©gmho~ (gm¡.XwJm©VmB©) `m§Mm \$moQ>mo {Xcm. Ë`mMà_mUo ñdV:À`m hmVmVrc gn©_wIr A§JR>r Am{U dio lr_hmamOm§À`m COì`m hmVmÀ`m VO©ZrV, Jwê$À`m ~moQ>mV KmVco Am{U åhUmco, ""Jwê$À`m ~moQ>mVrc A§JR>r Jwê$À`m ~moQ>mV KmVcr.'' lr_hmamO ho lrgX²>Jwê$ ~rS>H$a _hmamOm§MoM AdVma AmhoV; Voìhm Ë`m§Zr {Xcocr A§JR>r nwÝhm _r Ë`m§À`mMH$S>o gwnyX© Ho$cr Agm ^md lr~m~m§Zr Amnë`m ~mocÊ`mVyZ ñnï>nUo ì`º$ Ho$cm. lr~m~m§Zr Amnë`m Imocr~mhoa cmdcocr ""{edZm_ Wmoa e§H$a Zm_gwYm & YmVm `Wm nyd©_H$ën`V² &'' hr nmQ>r H$mT>Ê`mg gm§{JVcr. Ë`m nmQ>rMm AW© OmUyZ, Ë`m {XdgmnmgyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr lr~rS>H$a _hmamO _R>mV e§H$amda éÐm{^foH$ gwê$ Ho$cm. gd© ^º$OZm§Zm {edZm_mMm On H$aÊ`mMo AmdmhZ Ho$co. ñdV:hr AmamYZm gwê$ Ho$cr. AOyZhr lr~m~m AYyZ_YyZ "_r OmUma' Ago åhUV. Ë`m_wio _ZmVrc H$miOr nyU©nUo Jocr ZìhVr. 31 Owc¡cm Xe©ZmgmR>r ~m~m§H$S>o _mUgm§Mr arK cmJcr hmoVr. 31 Owc¡À`m amÌr lr~rS>H$a _hmamO _R>mV lr_hmamOm§À`m AmdmhZmZwgma {ZH$Q>Mo ^º$, godH$ Ago gd©OU A{Ve` VUmdJ«ñV _ZmZo O_co hmoVo. Ë`m doir AZoH$m§Zm doJdoJio AZw^d Amco. lr_hmamOm§Zm Ago {Xgco H$s, lr{ede§H$a, lrXÎmAdYyV na_mZ§X ho lr~m~m§À`m {ZH$Q>, {Xì` VoOmZo VinV Ë`m§Mo ajU H$arV C^o AmhoV. _¥Ë`yMo nme naVdyZ cmdrV AmhoV. eodQ>r KS>çmimV 12.30Mm Q>mocm nS>cm Am{U AmVm g§H$Q> Q>ico åhUyZ gdmªZr {Zœmg gmoS>cm. amÌr 12.30 Z§Va lr_hmamO Am{U lr.H$mio ho lr~m~m§Mo godH$ ^º$, Ago XmoKoOU lr~m~m§À`m Kar Joco. Xma dmOdë`mda IwÔ ~m~m§ZrM Xma CKS>co. XmamV lr~m~m AË`§V àgÞ _wÐoZo C^o hmoVo. Ë`m doir Vo gmjmV ñdm_r g_W©M ^mgV hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr AmqcJZmgmR>r hmV ngê$Z lr.H$mio `m§Zm ~mocmdco. na§Vw H$mio g§H$moMyZ ~mOyg gaco Am{U Am`wî`mVrc _hV²^m½`mÀ`m jUmcm _wH$co. lr~m~m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm nwT>o hmoD$Z AmqcJZ {Xco Am{U Ë`m§Zm åhUmco, ""ho Ago hmoUma ho _cm _mhrV hmoVo Am{U åhUyZM _r Vwcm ~mocmdcm hmoVm. "Vmo' AmVm H$m`_Mm ~mOycm gacm !'' Ë`m {Xì` AmqcJZmZo lr_hmamOm§Zm lr~m~m§Zr Amnë`m nyU© H¥$noMm EH$_od A{YH$mar Ho$co ! lr_hmamO Ë`m jUr YÝ`YÝ` Pmco ! `m ^oQ>rZ§Va amÌr 1 dmOVm lr_hmamO H$mio `m§À`mg_doV Ë`m§À`m Kar Joc.o VoWo gX²Jêw $ lr~m~m Am{U gm¡.XwJm©VmB© `m§À`m \$moQ>mM o r ñWmnZm H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mr nyOm Ho$cr. gd© CnpñWV _§S>itZm gmIa dmQy>Z g§H$Q> Q>ië`mMm AmZ§X ì`º$ H$aÊ`mV Amcm. Z§Va gd©OU AmZ§XmZo Amnmnë`m Kar {ZKyZ Joc.o åhUVr Jwé Ë`mbm.. / 51

Xwgè`m {Xder gH$mirM lr_hmamO Am{U Ë`m§Mo Jwé~§Yy lr.nm§Sw>a§Jamd _a~ùir noT>o, hma dJ¡ao KoD$Z lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Joco. lr_hmamOm§Zr lr~m~m§Mo nyOZ H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm d§XZ Ho$co. lr~m~m J_VrZo lr_hmamOm§Zm åhUmco, ""Aao {dR>mo~m, Am_À`m OmÊ`mMr VmarI EH$ ZìhVr ~a§ ! Vr XmoZ VmarI hmoVr ! AmO Amåhr OmUma !'' lr_hmamO H$idiyZ åhUmco, ""lrJwéXod, AmVm WÅ>m H$ê$ ZH$m, ZmhrVa _r nwÝhm AZwð>mZmcm ~gVmo !'' ~m~m hgyZ åhUmco, ""ZH$mo ZH$mo {dR>mo~m ! Amåhr AmVm df©^a OmV Zmhr. _mÌ `m df©^amV VwPr aËZm{JarMr gd© H$m_o CaHy$Z Ko ! Amkm hmoB©n`ªV nwÝhm BH$S>o {\$aHy$ ZH$mog, H$maU Vwcm na§naoMo H$m_ nwT>o Ý`m`Mo Amho Am{U hr lrgX²>Jwê$ ~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mr Amkm Amho !'' lr_hmamOm§Zr XÎmAdYyV n§WmÀ`m àWoà_mUo lr~m~m§Odi Ë`m§À`m nmXwH$m {_imì`mV Aer àmW©Zm Ho$cr. lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVco H$s Vy _w§~B©cm OmD$Z nmXwH$m KoD$Z `o Am{U `oVmZm _w§~mXodr _§{XamV OmD$Z _w§~mXodrcm Ë`m XmIdyZ KoD$Z `o. nwT>rc XmoZ-VrZ {XdgmVM _w§~B©cm lr.JUnVamd ZmB©H$ `m§À`m Kar lrñdm_r g_WmªMr {MÌ à{V_m ~g{dÊ`mMm H$m`©H«$_ hmoVm (lr.ZmB©H$ `m§À`m Kar lrñdm_r g_WmªZr Ë`m§Zm {Xcoë`m M_©nmXwH$m hmoË`m. Ë`m§Mr {ZË`nyOm hmoV Ago). ho {MÌ lr.nm§Sw>a§Jamd _a~ùir `m§ZrM {Xbo hmoVo Am{U Vo lr.M§ÐeoIa ZmS>H$Uu `m§Zr H$mT>bo hmoVo. lr.ZmB©H$ `m§Mr Aer BÀN>m hmoVr H$s lr~m~m§À`m hñVoM Ë`m {MÌmMo AZmdaU ìhmdo. na§Vw àH¥$Vr WmoS>r jrU Pmë`m_wio lr~m~m§Zm _w§~B©Mm àdmg PonUo eŠ` ZìhVo. lr~m~m§Zr hr O~m~Xmar lr_hmamOm§da gmondcr. lr_hmamO Am{U lr.nm§Sw>a§Jamd _a~ùir Ë`mgmR>r _w§~B©cm Joco (nÌ H«$. 11, n[a{eï> H«$. 4). lr_hmamOm§Zr JwéAmkoà_mUo lrñdm_r g_WmªMo {MÌ ñWmnZ H$ê$Z nrR> CKS>o Ho$co. `m g_ma§^mg lrg§V Ho$gH$a _hmamO hohr Amco hmoVo. gd© g_ma§^ CËgmhmV Am{U AmZ§XmV nma nS>cm. Mma-nmMeo cmoH$ CnpñWV hmoVo. Ë`mZ§Va lr_hmamOm§Zr _mYd~mJoV OmD$Z {egdr cmH$S>mÀ`m nmXwH$m IaoXr Ho$ë`m. lrJwéAmkoà_mUo _w~§ mXodrÀ`m _§{XamV Ë`m nmXwH$m R>do Zy àmW©Zm Ho$cr. Ë`m doir XodrZo lr_hmamOm§Zm gmjmËH$mar Xe©Z {Xco. nwÊ`mcm Amë`mda lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m nmXwH$m EH$m gmo_dmar lr~m~m§Zm An©U Ho$ë`m. Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§Zr lr~m~m§Mr `Wmgm§J nyOm Ho$cr. Ë`m§Zm `Wmeº$s dñÌ An©U Ho$co. lr~m~m§Mr AmaVr H$ê$Z noT>çm§Mm Z¡doÚ XmI{dcm. hr nyOm hmoB©n`ªV lr~m~m Ë`m nmXwH$m nm`mV KmcyZ ~gco hmoVo. AIoarg lr_hmamOm§Zr lr~m~m§Zm _Zmo^mdo gmï>m§J Z_ñH$ma KmVcm. Ë`mZ§Va lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m nmXwH$m lr_hmamOm§Zm {Xë`m. ho gmao ZmQ>ç KSy>Z Joco; na§Vw lr~m~m§À`m ^mdr {d`moJmÀ`m H$ënZoZo lr_hmamO {IÞ _ZpñWVrV 52 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

hmoVo. Ë`m§Mr hr H$ï>r AdñWm nmhÿZ lr~m~m§Zr lr.XmVma Am{U lr.jragmJa `m Amnë`m XmoZ ^º$m§g_doV Ë`m§Zm Ho$S>Jmdcm nmR>dco. lr Zmam`U _hmamO Ho$S>JmdH$a `m§À`m {eî`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Mo AmZ§XmZo ñdmJV Ho$co. lr_hmamOm§Zm lr Zmam`U _hmamOm§À`m AmgZmda ~gdyZ VoWrc ^º$m§Zr Ë`m§À`m{df`r AmXa Xe©{dcm. VoWrc XÎm _§{Xamcm àX{jUm KmcVmZm lr_hmamOm§Zr dmQ>oda Am¡Xw§~amÀ`m PmS>mda VrZ nmonQ> EH$_oH$m§eoOmar ~gcoco nm{hco. Ho$S>Jmdcmhr _Z Z a_ë`m_wio lr_hmamO nwÊ`mcm Amco. lr~m~m åhUmco, ""lrXÎmmÌo`m§ZrM Vwcm nmonQ>mÀ`m ê$nmZo Xe©Z {Xco.'' Ho$S>Jmd Z§Va ho {VKoOU cmoUmdim `oWo ñdm_r Hw$dc`mZ§X `m§À`m ^oQ>rgmR>r H¡$dë`Ym_mVhr OmD$Z am{hco. _mÌ VoWohr lr_hmamOm§Zm _Z:em§Vr {_imcr Zmhr. VoWyZ lr_hmamO nwÊ`mcm naV ~m~m§Zm ^oQ>m`cm Amco Am{U ~m~m§À`m AmkoZwgma aËZm{Jarcm naV Joco. hr lr~m~m§Mr gJwU ñdê$nmVrc AIoaMrM ^oQ> R>acr ! D D D

A^§J ~«÷m, {dîUw, {ed Ambo EHo$ R>m`t & XÎm Xod nmht VmoMr EH$ &&

1

fQ²>-^wO _yVu emo^o Vr gw§Xa & {ea| VrZ Wmoa, gw§Xa Vr &&

2

_mWm OQ>m^ma, emo^o `Vrda & AÌrMm Hw$_a XÎmmÌo` &&

3

^ñ_m§H$sV H$m`m, H$m§Io {gÕ Pmoir & œmZ| Vt emo^bt g§J| Ë`mÀ`m && 4 e§I, MH«$, JXm, nÙ Vmo YarV & H$_§S>by g{hV Yar X§S>m &&

5

MaUt nmXwH$m dmOVr MQ>MQ> & dó V| emo^V H$mfm`{M &&

6

Am¡X~§w am Vit C^r XÎm_yVu & YoZg y r gm§JmVr Kodmo{Z`m§ &&

7

Xmg åhUo XÎm OmUm AdYyV & MaUt X§S>dV Kmby§ ^md| &&

8

Ÿ&& lrgÒþéMaUmaqdXmn©U_ñVw &&

åhUVr Jwé Ë`mbm.. / 53

àH$aU : 8

lrdmgwXodmZ§V Pmco Ÿ& ñdê$nr§ crZ Ÿ&& lr~m~m§Mr Amkm KoD$Z lr_hmamO OS> nmdcm§Zr, 17 Am°JñQ> 1953 amoOr aËZm{Jarcm naVco. _mÌ AdñWm Oim~mhoa H$mT>coë`m _mgmoirgmaIr Pmcr hmoVr. ""lr gX²Jwé§Mo MaUr _Z _mPo gd©XmM ho amhmo &'' Ago gX²>Jwê§$Zm {dZdUmao lr_hmamO Ho$di earamZoM aËZm{Jarcm naVco. gX²Jwê$§Zr Ë`m§Zm aËZm{Jar `oWoM amhmÊ`mMr Am{U nwT>rc Amkm hmoB©n`ªV nwÊ`mcm Z `oÊ`mMr AQ> KmVcocr hmoVr. {X.$29 Zmoìh|~a 1953 amoOr lr~m~m VrW©`mÌogmR>r ~mhoa nS>co ""dmpë_H$s'' Z§o {c{hë`mà_mUo am_mcm Mmcmdo cmJco§ Vo am_m`U dmMVm§ dmMVm§ Ë`mV eodQ>r am_mZo eara {dgO©Z ~m`H$mo ^y_rV JS>n Pmë`mda cú_Umcm amÁ` XoD$Z Ë`m AdVmar JwéZo§ A`moÜ`ocm eara {dgO©Z Ho$co Voìhm _cm Ë`m§Zr am_ åhQ>ë`m_wio Ë`mVcm {H$Vdm nmQ>© H$am`Mm Amho Vo nmhmUo Amho. `m gmV dfmªV nwîH$i Jwé_§S>ir AmOmar nS>cr AmhoV. Ë`m_wi§o A`moÜ`m, _Wwam nmhÿZ `oUoMr BÀN>m Amho ....'' Aem eãXmV lr~m~m§Zr `m VrW©`mÌo_mJrc Amncm hoVy WmoS>çm JyT> eãXmV Amnë`m {eî`dJm©cm H$i{dcm hmoVm. lr~m~m§Zm A`moÜ`oV ea`y ZXrÀ`m àdmhmV Xoh {dg{O©V H$amd`mMm hmoVm. lr~m~m ea`yÀ`m nmÊ`mV CVacohr hmoVo; na§Vw lr~m~m§Zr àdmhmV OoWoOoWo Omdo VoWoVoWo KmoQ>çmEdT>oM nmUr Agmdo Ago hmoD$ cmJco. eodQ>r lr~m~m gmo~V Agcoë`m lr.H$mi|Zm åhUmco, ""ea`y H$mhr Amåhmg OmJm XoV Zmhr Ago {XgVo,'' Ago åhUyZ Vo H$mi|g_doV ñZmZ H$ê$Z H$mR>mda Amco. hr KQ>Zm {X.$12.12.1953 amoOr gH$mir gmS>oAmR> Vo ZD$À`m Xaå`mZ KS>cr. lr.JUoe J§JmYa AmioH$a ho lr~m~m§gmo~V `mÌocm Joco hmoVo. {X.$13.12.1953 amoOr Ë`m§Zr hr h{H$H$V lr_hmamOm§Zm nÌmZo H$i{dcr. Ë`mM doir gX²>Jwê$ lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr ""nwÊ`mg OmJm Ko'' Aer Amkm Ho$cr Am{U Vr {eagmd§Ú _mZyZ, _ÀN>crnÅ>U_², H$mer, _Wwam, d¥§XmdZ, A`moÜ`m, OJÞmWnwar, à`mJ AmXr VrW©ñWmZo nmhÿZ lr~m~m nwÊ`mcm naVco. àdmgmÀ`m XJXJrZo àH¥$Vr AË`§V jrU Pmcr hmoVr. nwÊ`mcm naVë`mda {dlm§Vr KoVë`mdahr Ë`mV gwYmaUm Z hmoVm Vr A{YH$m{YH$ T>mgiy cmJcr. {X. 30 _mM© 1954 amoOr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mr nwÊ`{VWr hmoVr. Xadfu `m {Xder lr~m~m lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV OmD$Z VoWo ~amM H$mi Wm§~V AgV. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mm gmam {eî`n[adma VoWo `oV Ago, Ë`m_wio gdmªer JmR>r^oQ>r hmoV, ào_mMr g§^mfUo hmoV Am{U _J àgmX KoD$Z lr~m~m Kar naVV. `m CËgdmÀ`m doir _mÌ lr~m~m§Mr Vã`oV EdT>r jrU Pmcr hmoVr H$s 54 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

lr~m~m CËgdmV hOa amhÿ eH$co ZmhrV. _mÌ amÌr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m nmcIrMr {_adUyH$ Yw_mi {~pëS>¨>Jg_moê$Z OmD$ cmJcr. Ë`m doir lr~m~m A§WéUmdê$Z AmdoJmZo CR>co Am{U CKS>çm A§JmZoM nmcIrOdi Amco. Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m gX²>Jwê$§Mo S>moim ^ê$Z Xe©Z KoVco. S>moù`mVyZ Amgdo dmhmV hmoVr. WaWaË`m hmVmZr Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m gX²>Jwê§$Zm d§XZ Ho$co. nmcIr gmo~VMr JXu lr~m~m§À`m nm`mda S>moHo$ R>odÊ`mgmR>r YS>nS>V hmoVr. Ë`m JXuVyZ dmQ> H$mT>rV lr~m~m Amnë`m Kar naVco. lr_hmamOm§Zr `m doir lr~rS>H$a _hmamO nwÊ`{VWr ImZy `oWo gmOar Ho$cr. {X.12.4.1954À`m nÌmV Ë`m{df`rMm d¥Îmm§V Amnë`m gX²>Jwê§$Zm H$i{dVmZm lr_hmamO {c{hVmV,""lrgX²Jwê$ ~rS>H$a_hmamOm§Mr nwÊ`{VWr ImZy `oWo Omhbr. XodñWmZ VyV© ImZygM Amho. ê$Ð d nd_mZ EH$mXîUr Omhcr. lrH¥$noZo gd© `Wmgm§J Omhc|. Ë`mdoit XodmnwT>o Amcoë`m EH§$Xa n¡em§Mr én`o Xhm§Mr _{ZAm°S>©a _R>m§V lrg§V ~mnQ> _hmamO `m§MoH$S>o nañna nmR>{dcr Amho. lrMaUt {dXrV ìhmd|. amÌr AmaË`m d àdMZ| Omhcr. gd© {Xdg M[aÌ dmMZ Omhc|. `Wmeº$s _§S>ir àgmXmcm hmoVr. lrM gd© H$adyZ KoV AmhoV.'' lr~m~m§Zm nwÊ`mV ZXrÀ`m H$mR>r EH$ OmJm hdr hmoVr. Amnë`m H$mhr {eî`m§Odi ""_cm ñnog nm{hOo, OmJm nm{hOo'' Ago Vo åhUmco hmoVo. lr.I§S>oamd amKmo~m dmK ZmdmMo EH$ J¥hñW lr~m~m§Mo {eî` hmoVo. Ë`m§Mo H$mhr ßcm°Q>²g \$½`w©gZ H$m°coOÀ`m dg[VJ¥hmOdi hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr Ë`m OmJoMm ZH$mem lr~m~m§Zm XmI{dcm. Voìhm Ë`m§Zr ZH$memda, EH$m ßcm°Q>da ~moQ> R>odyZ, Vmo AmnUmg ng§V Amho Ago gm§{JVco. lr.dmK `m§Zr Zm__mÌ 1 én`m dm{f©H$ ^mS>çmZo, XrK© _wXVrÀ`m H$amamZo Vmo ßcm°Q> lr~m~m§Zm {Xcm; na§Vw hm ^mS>onÅ>rMm ì`dhma lr~m~m§Zm VodT>mgm `mo½` dmQ>V ZìhVm åhUyZ Vmo {gQ>r gìh} Z§. 937 S>r hm ßcm°Q>, nwT>o ~m~m§À`m BÀN>oà_mUo {X.$20.4.1954 amoOr, lr.dmK `m§Zr ~{jgnÌ H$ê$Z lr~m~m§Zm An©U Ho$cm. gZ 1954 À`m OyZ _{hÝ`mnmgyZ lr~m~m§Mr Vã`oV A{YH$M {~KS>cr. lr_hmamOm§Mo gmao cj lr~m~m§H$S>oM cmJcoco hmoVo. na§Vw nÌmZo Mm¡H$er H$aÊ`mì`{V[aº$ lr_hmamOm§À`m hmVr H$mhrM ZìhVo. Ë`m_wio lr_hmamO dma§dma nÌo nmR>dyZ lr~m~m§À`m Vã`oVr{df`rMr Amncr H$miOr ì`º$ H$arV hmoV.o {X. 17.2.1954 À`m nÌmV lr_hmamO H$idiyZ {c{hVmV, ""....lrgX²>Jwé _mD$crMr àH¥$Vr R>rH$ Zmhr§ Ago dmQ>Vo§. Var ImUo {nU§o d Am¡fY `mV h`J` ZH$mo. Amåhm chmZ ~mcH$m§g g§ajU d Xe©ZmMo ào_ hdo Amho. ltZm H$mhr Amdí`H$ Va H$i{dUo d ~mcH$mH$Sy>Z godm H$adyZ KoUo. gd©M Jmoï>r _mD$cr H$arV AmhoV. eãXr H$m` {chÿ .....'' lr_hmamO dma§dma Xe©ZmgmR>r `oÊ`mMr nadmZJr _mJV hmoVo. na§Vw lrgX²>Jwê$§À`m _Zr H$mhr doJioM hmoVo. {X. 1.6.1954 À`m nÌmV lr.~m.à.XmVma `m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm H$i{dco Amho, ""Amnco lrdmgwXodmZ§V.. / 55

nÌ nmohmoMco. Ë`mà_mUo lrgX²>Jwé§Zm gm§{JVco. AmO Ë`m§Zm H$m` {chÿ åhUyZ {dMmaco AgVm§Zm Imcrc à_mUo gm§{JVco "`oÊ`mMr H$miOr H$ê§$ ZH$m. AmhmV {VWo ñdñW Agm ..... '' Varhr nwÝhm {X. 27.7.1954 amoOr nÌmÛmao lr_hmamOm§Zr lrgX²>Jwê§$Mr H$ê$Um ^mH$cr Amho, "".... Jwé _mD$crMr àH¥$Vr AmO _{hZm XrS> _{hZm R>rH$ Zmhr. Var godoH$[aVm Amkm {Xë`mg `oÊ`mMr Vrd« BÀN>m Amho d Xe©ZmMr Vi_i Amho. Var H¥$nmÑï>rZ§o ~mcH$mcm nadmZJr {Xë`mg R>rH$ hmoB©c .... lr_mD$crnwT>o _wcmMo H$m` MmcUma ? Varhr ltMr BÀN>m Agoc Ë`mà_mUo hmoB©c. na§Vw gÜ`m X{jUm`Z Amho. AÚmn Amåhmg nwîH$i Xe©ZmMr d ghdmgmMr BÀN>m Vr _mD$crM nwar H$aUma. .... earamgmR>r WmoS>r Am¡fYr d AÞ KoUoM Amdí`H$ Var KoUo Oê$a. nadmZJr {_iVmM `oVmo ....'' gX²>Jwê§$Zr df©^a nwT>o T>H$ccocr g_m{YH$mcmMr {Z`mo{OV doi ^am^a Odi `oV hmoVr. _Z qMVmVwa Pmco hmoVo. AJ{VH$ dmQ>V hmoVo. `oZHo$Z àH$maoU lrgX²>Jwê$§Mm {d`moJ Q>imdm Ago dmQ>V hmoVo. Ë`mgmR>r gX²>Jwê$§Zm "" .... na§Vw gÜ`m X{jUm`Z Mmcy Amho ....'' Aer AmR>dU XoÊ`mMm Xw~im à`ËZ Mmcy hmoVm. Eo{e`m Jwê$_mD$crMo gJwUê$n & nmhVm§ dmQ>o gyI A_yn & åhUmoZr àmWu {ednXr§, gH¥$n & ìhmdo§ Ë`m§gr && Amåhm Ak ~mcm§H$maUo & lrgX²>Jwé_yVu E|erM§ R>odUo§ & Am{U ì`mYr {ZagmoZr H$aUo§ & Amamo½` V`m§ && Aer na_oœamnmer {dZdUr Mmcy hmoVr. lr~m~m§Mo gd© {eî` A{Ve` qMVmVwa Pmco hmoVo. EImÚm Hw$Qw>§~mV dS>rc AË`dñW AdñWoV A§WéUmda {IiyZ nS>co AgmdoV Am{U _moR>m ^mD$ H$moR>o XyaXoer AS>Hy$Z nS>cocm Agmdm, Aem doir chmZ ^md§S>o Oer Jm|YiyZ OmVmV Am{U _moR>çm ^mdmMr AmVwaVoZo dmQ> nmhmVmV VgoM H$mhrgo {MÌ Ë`m doiÀ`m lr_hmamOm§Zm Amcoë`m nÌmVyZ {XgVo. {X.4.8.1954 À`m nÌmV lrnmX cú_U JmoIco `m§Zr {c{hco Amho, "".... lrgX²>Jwê§$Mr àH¥$Vr AË`§V Imcmdcr AgyZ e{º$nmV Pmë`mgmaIo _cm Aën~wÕrcm dmQ>Vo. _r lrgX²>Jwê$ ~m~m§H$S>o amoO OmV hmoVmo d AOyZ OmV Amho. nU ~m~m§Mr AmOMr AdñWm nm{hcr H$s nmoQ>mV Jc~cyZ `oVo d A{Ve` dmB©Q> dmQ>Vo. Var lrgX²>Jwê$ _mD$ctÀ`m Vã`oVrcm Ho$ìhmnmgyZ CVma nS>oc dJ¡ao AmnU _cm Aën_Vr ~mcH$mcm H$idmc Aer Amem dmQ>Vo. AmnU Ë`m {R>H$mUr AgcmV Var BWë`m n[apñWVrMr AmnUmg g§nyU© H$ënZm Amho d AmnU gd© OmUy eH$Vm. Var `mcm CÎma nmR>dmc Aer BÀN>m _r Amnco MaUr ì`º$ H$aVmo...'' _w§~B©Mo lr.{dœZmW X. à^wXogmB© ho lr~m~m§Mo Am{U lr_hmamOm§Mo {Zñgr_ ^º$ hmoVo. Am°JñQ> 56 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

1954À`m n{hë`m AmR>dS>çmV lr_hmamOm§Zm ^oQ>m`cm Vo aËZm{Jarcm Joco hmoVo. lr_hmamO Ë`m doir A{Ve` AñdñW Am{U ~oM¡Z _ZpñWVrV hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Zr à^wXogmBªZm gm§{JVco H$s nwÊ`mV lr~m~m A{Ve` AmOmar AmhoV. _cm aËZm{Jar gmoS>Ê`mMr Amkm Zmhr. Voìhm Vwåhr nwÊ`mcm OmD$Z lr~m~m§Mo Xe©Z KoD$Z VoWrc gd© n[apñWVr àË`j nmhÿZ lr~m~m§À`m àH¥$Vr{df`r _cm H$idm. Xmamda ""Xe©Zmcm `oD$ ZH$m'' Aer nmQ>r Agoc Varhr Vwåhr XadmOm hiyM CKSy>Z lr~m~m§Mo Xe©Z ¿`m Am{U _cm H$idm. gX²>Jwê§$Zm ^oQ>Ê`mgmR>r lr_hmamO H$go Vi_iV hmoVo ho nm{hë`m_wio à^wXogmB© _w§~B©bm naV OmVmZm dmQ> dmH$S>r H$ê$Z nwÊ`mcm lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm Joco Am{U Ë`m§Zr cJoM {X. 10.8.1954À`m nÌmV _hmamOm§Zm H$i{dco, ""... _hmamO ñdñW nS>coco hmoVo. H$mhr ~mocco dJ¡ao ZmhrV. na§Vw Xe©Z Mm§Jco Pmco. A{Ve` H¥$e Pmco AmhoV. AmVm ZwgVo nmUr KoVmV Ago lr.~mnQ>m§Zr gm§{JVco ....'' `mZ§Va Ho$di gmV {Xdgm§Zr, lmdU dÚ MVwWu (A§JmaH$s MVwWu) eH$ 1876, _Ý_WZm_ g§dËga, _§Jidma, {X. 17.8.1954 amoOr amÌr 12 dmOyZ 28 {_{ZQ>m§Zr ({X. 18.8.1954) lr~m~m§Zr XohË`mJ H$ê$Z Amnco AdVma H$m`© g§n{dco. lr~m~m§À`m JmdmoJmdrÀ`m ^º$m§Zm Vmam, \$moZ dJ¡ao eŠ` Ë`m _mJmªZr H$i{dÊ`mV Amco. lr_hmamOm§Zmhr VmaoZoM ho Xw:IX d¥Îm g_Oco (Sadguru Raosaheb Niryan. Inform all. Kale). na§Vw gX²>Jwê$§À`m Amkoà_mUo nwÊ`mg Z OmÊ`mMm H$R>moa {ZU©` lr_hmamOm§Zr KoVcm Am{U Vgo VmaoZo nwÊ`mcm H$i{dco. lr~m~m§Mo A§Ë`g§ñH$ma "{gQ>r gìh} H«$. 937 S>r' `m lr~m~m§À`m OmJodaM H$aÊ`mV Amco. {X. 26 Am°JñQ> amoOr, Xe_{XZ {dYr, {Vcm§Ocr dJ¡ao gd© ~m~m§À`m OmJoVM H$aÊ`mV Amco. `m OmJocm VmËnwaVo VmaoMo H§$nmD§$S> H$ê$Z AmV _m§S>d KmcyZ VoWo gd© ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mV Amcr hmoVr. Z§VaMo Voamì`m {Xdgm§n`ªVMo gd© {dYr VgoM CXH$em§V, B§Ðm`UrV ajm {dgO©Z, ea`y ZXrV ApñW{dgO©Z dJ¡ao gd© Jmoï>r {eî`m§Zr ì`dpñWV nma nmS>ë`m. lr~m~m§À`m {Zdm©UmZ§Va gmaoMOU lr_hmamOm§Mr nwÊ`mV dmQ> nmhmV hmoVo. lr.~m.à.XmVma `m§Zr lr~m~m§À`m g_mYrZ§Va Xwgè`mM {Xder ({X. 19.8.1954) lr_hmamOm§Zm {c{hco Amho, "" .... AmnU Adí` AmcoM nm{hOo. ~m~m gd©ì`mnr AmhoV Ë`m§Zm AmnU {dMmam Am{U nwÊ`mg Vm~S>Vmo~ `m. AmnUmgmaIr _mUg§ Oa Aem doir BWo ZgVrc Va Amåhr nmoam§Zr H$m` H$amdo. Var BH$S>o Vm~S>Vmo~ `mdo....'' lr.^mcM§Ð ZmJoe WÎmo {X. 23.8.1954 amoOr {c{hVmV, "" ... AmnU BH$S>o `mc Aer A{Ve` Amem dmQ>V hmoVr. na§Vw gH$mir Amncr Vma dmMcr d Oam dmB©Q> dmQ>co. nU EH$m Ñï>rZo Agm AmZ§X hmoV hmoVm H$s, Amnë`mnwT>o EH$ Agm AmXe© Amho H$s, ltMr Amkm V§VmoV§V nmicr OmVo. lrdmgwXodmZ§V.. / 57

`m AmXem©cm ZOaog_moa R>odyZ AmnU Ago hmoÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$amdm Aer BÀN>m Amho ...'' {X.$23.8.1954 `m {XderM lr.~m.à.XmVma `m§Zr {c{hco Amho, ""Amnco AmOM nÌ {_imco. dmMco. AmnU `oV Zmhr ho dmMyZ dmB©Q> dmQ>co. J§Yo_m_m `m§g Vgo gm§{JVco. Ë`m§Mm AmnUmg Imcrcà_mUo {Zamon Amho. AmnU àgmXmg AmcoM nm{hOo. ZmhrVa _cm AmUmd`mg `mdo cmJoc .....'' lr.d._.JwO©a `m§Zr 4.9.1954À`m nÌmV {c{hco Amho, ""... AmnU BH$S>o `mc Aer gdmªMr ImÌr hmoVr; na§Vw lrgX²>JwéAmkoMo Aem àg§JrgwÕm AmnU {H$Vr nmcZ Ho$coV ho nmhÿZ H$moUmghr EH$ àH$mao gmpÎdH$ AmZ§X dmQ>ë`mdmMyZ amhmUma Zmhr. AmnUmg AË`§V Ìmg Pmcm Agoc ho Z¸$sM; na§Vw Amnco _ZmoY¡`© {H$Vr namH$moQ>rg Joco Amho ho CÎm_ àH$mao g_OyZ `oVo Am{U na_mWm©V Jwê$ AmkoMo nmcZ {H$Vr VËnaVoZo d H$mQ>oH$moanUo H$amdo cmJVo `mMo CÎm_ CXmhaU AmnU KmcyZ {XcoV ....'' lr_hmamO Oar A§Ë`g§ñH$mamÀ`m doir qH$dm Z§Va nwÊ`mcm Amco ZmhrV, Var lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m doir gVV Voam {Xdg lr_hmamOm§Zm Xe©Z XoD$Z Ë`m§Mo cm¡{H$H$ Xw:I hcHo$ Ho$co. lr_hmamO lr~m~m§À`m n{hë`m nwÊ`{VWrcmhr H$mhr AZno{jV AS>MU `oD$Z hOa amhÿ eH$co ZìhVo. Vmo ^mJ `WmH«$_ nwT>o `oB©cM. lr~m~m§À`m OmJoV OoWo A§Ë`g§ñH$ma Pmco VoWo lr~m~m§Mo g_m{YñWmZ C^o H$aUo Amdí`H$ hmoVo. Ë`mgmR>r H$moUrVar {eî`mZo nwT>mH$ma KoD$Z gd© {eî`m§Zm EH$Ì H$ê$Z EImÚm H$m`_ñdê$nr g§ñWoMr ñWmnZm H$ê$Z, ho H$m_ H$amd`mg hdo hmoVo, H$maU `m OmJr _r 1000 df} amhmUma Amho Ago lr~m~mM åhUmco hmoVo. ""A`moÜ`m AmVm gd©Ì Amho. Ë`m_wio A`moÜ`oMo d¡{eîQ>ç \$º$ lram_mÀ`m AdVma g_már_wi§o Vmo lram_ àË`j nwÊ`mVM amhU§oMm Amho. VrM A`moÜ`m gd©Xm d§Ú Amho d Ë`mcm ~hþV df} H$mcmdYr Amho. nwÊ`mV Ka-~JrMm, Amdmamgh Pmë`mda nwT>§o BVa Jmoï>tMm {dMma lrñdm_r g_W© AmkoZwgma hmoB©c,'' Ago lr_hmamOm§Zr {X. 24.11.1953À`m nÌmV lr~m~m§Zm {c{hco hmoVo. na§Vw lr_hmamO, lr~m~m§À`m `m H$m`m©V ^mJ KoD$ eH$V ZìhVo Am{U AÝ` {eî`JUm§Zr Amnmnco Ah§H$ma, J«h, nyd©J«h gmoSy>Z EH$Ì `oD$Z H$m`m©cm àma§^ H$aUo _mÌ hmoV ZìhVo. g^m hmoV hmoË`m, `moOZm AmIë`m OmV hmoË`m; na§Vw àË`jmV O~m~Xmar CMcm`cm H$moUr nwT>o hmoV ZìhVo. lr_hmamOm§À`m g§J«hmVrc Ë`m doiMm nÌì`dhma dmMcm åhUOo {eî`_§S>irVrc d¡Mm[aH$ Jm|Yi, d¡`{º$H$ Ah§^md, XyaÑï>rMm A^md Am{U à_wI {eî`m§Mm ZmH$V}nUm cjmV `oVmo. `m_Ü`o _w»` AS>MU åhUOo `m H$m`m©gmR>r ñdV:Mo d¡`{º$H$ OrdZ ~mOyg gmê$Z, nyU©nUo `m H$m`m©V PmoHy$Z XoD$Z hm JmodY©Z CMcÊ`mMr qh_V H$moUrM XmIdrV ZìhVo. H$Xm{MV VodT>m AmË_{dœmg qH$dm lr~m~m§{df`rMr 58 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

AZÝ`{Zð>m Ë`m§À`mOdi Zgmdr. Amnë`m g§nyU© Am`wî`mMo XmZ H$ê$Z, d¡`{º$H$ BÀN>m, AmH$m§jm, ZmVr JmoVr, `m§Zm {Vcm§Ocr XoD$ZM ho H$m_ H$am`Mo hmoVo. ñdV:Mo ì`{º$Ëd {dg{O©V H$ê$Z ho H$aUo Amdí`H$ hmoVo Am{U Zo_Ho$ VoM H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$moUr nwT>o hmoV ZìhVo. nw T > o `o D $ KmVco ë `m g§ ^ « _ mÀ`m, Jmo § Y imÀ`m n[apñWVrMr Mmhÿ c \$ma cdH$a åhUOo 9.10.1954À`m lr.JUoe J§JmYa AmioH$a `m§À`m nÌmV cmJVo. Vo {c{hVmV, ""H¡$.lr.g.Jw.`m§Mo (gX²Jwé `m§Mo) AmOmarnUmV d Z§Va `oWo \$maM M_ËH$m[aH$ d ñdV:À`m àm¡T>rÀ`m KQ>Zm hmoV AmhoV Ë`m AmnU Amnë`m {Xì` Ñï>rZo nyU©nUo OmUV AmhmM ... '' {X. 10.11.1954 À`m nÌmV lr.nm§Sw>a§Jamd _a~ùir {c{hVmV, ""_r YmadmS>hÿZ `oVmZm am.am.lr.H$mù`m§H$S>o nwÊ`mg CVê$Z Jocmo hmoVmo. Vr gd© _§S>ir ZwH$VrM gáe¥§Jrg OmD$Z Amcr hmoVr. H$maU gX²Jwê§$g BÀN>m hmoVr. Aeº$s_wio Joco ZìhVo åhUyZ Vo gd© OmD$Z Amco. {VH$S>o 3-4 nmQ>çm© Pmë`m AmhoV. "H$mioM H$emcm, _r gJio EH$Q>mM H$arZ' Ago OmoJioH$a ~mocVmV åhUo. dmK (ßcm°Q> XoUmao) d à^mH$a Omoer d ^Q> ho gJio gJù`m§Mo Pmco nm{hOo åhUo. Am§~oH$a H$mi|Mo {déÕ hmoD$Z Xwgao H$mhr H$aUma åhUo d cmJw§Zm é.5000/- XoUo Agë`m_wio Vmo ßcm°Q> Ë`m§Zm nm{hOo åhUo. d Jwáo _§S>itg _R>mg OmoS>Uo d Iao `m§Zm Q´>ñQ> H$ê$Z Vo _°ZoqOJ Q´>ñQ>r hmoUma åhUo. d ñdV: H$mi|Zm, gX²>Jwê§$Mr BÀN>m Á`mà_mUo gm§{JVco Amho Vgo gd© Vo EH$Q>m§M H$aUma. H$mù`m§da n¡gm A§Ë`{dYrcm d AmOn`ªV \$ma IM© Ho$cm åhUyZ Amamon Amho .....'' (lr._a~ùir `m§Zm \$mago _amR>r {c{hÊ`mMm gamd ZìhVm). Ah§H$ma Am{U d¡`{º$H$ _hÎdmH$m§jm OmJ¥V Pmë`m_wio ^º$_§S>it_Ü`o nañnam§{df`r _Zo H$cw{fV hmoD$ cmJcr hmoVr. 3.1.1955 À`m nÌmV Ë`m{df`r lr.nm§Sw>a§Jamd _a~ùir `m§Zr H$mhr JmoîQ>r lr_hmamOm§Zm H$i{dë`m AmhoV. Vo {c{hVmV, "".... _r am.am.XmVmam§Zm OodÊ`mg R>oD$Z KoVco. Z§Va Vo XmXacm OmD$Z {VH$Sy>Z nZdocmg Joco. Vo gwÕm lr.H$mi|Mo \$maM MwH$m gm§JV hmoVo. 1) A§Ë`{dYrg lr.Iao `m§Zm ^mJ KoÊ`mg Vma H$am Ago gm§{JVco hmoVo Vo BÝH$maco. 2) AmnUM _mcH$ `mà_mUo ~moccm. 3) 12 {Xdgr am.am.IaoZo Amnco gmgao åhUyZ ~«m÷Umcm cmSy> dmT>Vmo Ago {dZ§Vrnyd©H$ gm§{JVco åhUo Vo am.am.H$mioZo BÝH$maco. 4) gX²>Jwê$Zo Ë`mcmM ßcm°Q> dJ¡ao {Xcm Amho Am{U Ë`mV H$moUr cj Kmcy Z`o Am{U Ë`m§Mr na§nam Vo MmcdVrc Ago gm§{JVco åhUo Am{U nwîH$iem JmoîQ>r gm§{JVë`m Am{U Ë`m§Zr ~aoMeo cmoH$m§g Ë`m§MoOdi ^m§Sy>Z ~mocUo ~§X H$a{dco åhUo .... '' `mM nÌmImcr "VmOm H$c_' Amho ""am.am.XmVmam§À`m AmJ«hm_wio ho nÌ {c{hco Amho....'' Am{U Vmo \$maM ~mocH$m Amho ! IwÔ lr.H$mio Amnë`m 19.2.1955 À`m nÌmV lr_hmamOm§Zm {c{hVmV, ""Amnco nÌ Amco§. nU àË`j H$m§hr {c{hVm§ Amc§o Zmhr. {c{hÊ`mMo ñ\w$aUhr hmoV Zmhr. gd©Ì {Zamem Am{U A§YH$ma. lrdmgwXodmZ§V.. / 59

A§Jr AZ§V Xmof Agë`m_wio Hw$UmMohr g_mYmZ H$aÊ`mMr eº$s _mÂ`m§V Zmhr d _mP§ohr g_mYmZ Pmco§ Zmhr. gd© cmoH$ {damoY H$aVmV Voìhm ~m~m§Mo EoHy$ H$s cmoH$m§Mo ho H$iV Zmhr. H$mhr cmoH$ npãcH$ Q´>ñQ> H$aÊ`mM§o _mJo AmhoV. H$m§hr àm`ìhoQ> H$amdm Ago§ åhUVmV. _r h§o g§ñWmZ ImgJr amhmd§o d Omd`mÀ`m d _wcrÀ`m H¡$Mr§V Z amhVm§ ñdV§ÌnUo§ _mcH$s _mJyZ KoD$Z _J ì`dñWm nmhmdr Ag§o åhUV Amho. cmoH$m§Mm `mcm {damoY Amho. Ë`m§Zm _wcrH$S>o am{hë`mg Mmcoc nU H$mù`m§Zm gdm©{YH$ma d _mcH$s XoÊ`mg V`ma ZmhrV. _wIË`manÌ qH$dm ßcm°Q> 999 df} H$amamZo ¿`mdm Agmhr EH$ nj Amho. H$mù`m§Zr ì`dñWm nmhmdr nU gmodi§o Amodio§ H$ê§$ Z`o d Amåhmcm H$aÊ`mg gm§Jy Z`o Ago§ H$moUr åhUVmV. H$mù`m§Zr godm H$amdr nU Q´>ñQ>tÀ`m V§ÌmZo V§o gm§JVrc Vg§o dmJmdo§ Ago Jwáo dJ¡ao _§S>ir _mZVmV. H$mù`m§Odi n¡go Úmd`mMo ZmhrV, Ë`m§Mo H$m§hrM Mmcy§ Úmd`mMo Zmhr Agm cmJy nj Amho. ... WmoS>Š`mV g_mYrÀ`m ñdV§Ì Aem H$ënZm H$moUmÀ`mhr ZmhrV. nwÊ`{VWrn`ªV df©lmÕ H$ê$Z {Zd¥Îm ìhmdo Ago _cm dmQy>§ cmJc§o ...'' WmoS>Š`mV gm§Jm`Mo Va gd© à_wI {eî`_§S>ir nañnam§{df`rÀ`m H$cw{fV _Zmod¥Îmr_wio, hoVw§{df`rÀ`m g§e`m_wio Am{U nyd©J«hm§_wio EH$_oH$m§H$S>o nmR> {\$adyZ C^r hmoVr. Ë`m_wio g_m{YñWmZr Amdí`H$ Ë`m Jmoï>tMr nyV©Vmhr a|JmiV Mmccr hmoVr. Varhr lr.^Q>, JmoS>~mobo Aem {eî`_§S>itZr {X.14.4.1955 amoOr g_m{YñWmZr EH$ chmZer eoS> C^r Ho$cr. {VWrà_mUo lr~m~m§Mr n{hcr nwÊ`{VWr {X.7.8.1955 amoOr Amcr hmoVr. Ë`mgmR>r nyd©V`marÀ`m g^m AYyZ_YyZ hmoV hmoË`m Am{U Ë`m_wio EH$_oH$mg eh-H$mQ>eh XoUohr gwê$ Pmco hmoVo. lr.am.~m.Am§~oH$am§Zr nwÊ`{VWrÀ`m Am`moOZmV nwT>mH$ma KoVcm hmoVm. lr_hmamOm§À`m àoaUoZo EH$ g{_Vrhr ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mV Amcr hmoVr. lr_hmamO E{àc 1955 _Ü`o lr.nm§Sw>a§J _a~ùirgmo~V Jmoì`m_Ü`o H$mhr H$m_mgmR>r Joco hmoVo Am{U Ë`m§Mm _w»` CÔoe S>oadU VgoM nwUo `oWrb g_m{Y_§{Xam§À`m C^maUrgmR>r _XV Jmoim H$aUo hm hmoVm. `m Jmodm ^oQ>rMr _m{hVr ghmì`m àH$aUmV Amcr Amho. n{hë`m nwÊ`{VWrnydu nwÊ`mV Z `oÊ`mMoM R>acoco Agë`m_wio, lr_hmamO Jmoì`mVyZM nÌì`dhma H$ê$Z h{H$H$V OmUyZ KoV hmoVo Am{U Oê$a Vo _mJ©Xe©Zhr H$arV hmoVo. Ë`m_wio lr.Am§~oH$a VgoM _m.X.{MVio Ë`m§Zm nÌmÛmao àW_ nwÊ`{VWrÀ`m V`mar{df`r H$idrV hmoVo. `m nÌm§_YyZhr Ë`m doiMo EH§$Xa {MÌ S>moù`mg_moa C^o amhmVo. lr.Am§~oH$am§Zr {X.6.7.1955 amoOr {c{hco Amho, ""... _moS>H$, H$mio à^¥Vr _§S>itMm ~amM amof Pmcocm Amho d H§$S>çmhr ~è`mM {nH$ë`m AmhoV Agmo. gX²Jwê$ g_W© AmhoV Voìhm Ë`m§Mr H$miOr Zmhr. H$mocXm§S>m KmcÊ`mMo à`ËZ Mmcy AmhoV nU Ë`m§Zm AOyZ gX²>Jwê§$Mm {hgH$m _mhrV Zmhr EdT>oM.'' lr._mYd X.{MVio `m§Zr {X. 21.7.1955 amoOr EH$ {dñV¥V nÌ lr_hmamOm§Zm Jmoì`mVrc nÎ`mda nmR>dyZ BH$S>rc n[apñWVrMo AJXr `Wm`mo½` {MÌU Ho$co Amho. Vo {c{hVmV, "" ... (àW_ 60 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

nwÊ`{VWrcm) AmVm {Xdg AJXr _moOHo$ am{hco AmhoV. Ë`m_wio§ hwahþa cmJVo. gd© H$m§hr§ lrgX²>Jwê$M H$ê$Z KoUma AmhoV `mMr ImÌr Agë`m_wi§o H$m`©H«$_hr _moR>o d dmVmdaU ^ì` Ago amhmdogo dmQ>Vo. AS>MUr `oV AgVmV na§Vw Ë`mMo {ZamH$aU Pmcoco {XgyZ `oVo. gmdH$memZo àJVr hmoV Amho. g_mYrda amoO OmVmo d àmW©Zm H$aVmo. H$m`m©V ì`J« Agë`m_wio _mZ{gH$ em§VVm _mÌ T>mgicr Amho. AZoH$ àH$maMo àdmX, {dMma ~mocUr gmaIr Mmcy Agë`m_wi§o gdmªg Vm|S> XoUo Amho d Oê$a Vr CÎmao XoUo ^mJ Amho. WmoS>Š`mV ho g_wÐ _§WZM (Amho). `m EH§$Xa ì`dhmamV hcmhchr {ZKmco d A_¥Vhr. EH$ Jmoï> _mÌ Iar H$s, lrgX²>Jwé§À`m g§~§Yr Oar AmXa^md _§S>irV Agcm Var {ZVm§V lÕm \$maM WmoS>çm§Odi Amho. g§~§YmV H$moR>oVar Jw§VmJw§V Pmë`m_wi§o, d¡MmarH$ Imocr Zgë`m_wi§o, ZH$mo Ë`m Jmoï>tMm H$mÏ`mHw$Q> Pmcm d {dZmH$maU dmB©Q>nUm Amcm ....'' Aem n[apñWVrVM n{hcr nwÊ`{VWr {X. 7.8.1955 amoOr H$aÊ`mV Amcr. Ë`m {Xder nyOm, A{^foH$, ÜdOnyOZ, lmÕ{dYr, _hmàgmX, ^OZ, H$sV©Z AmXr Jmoï>tMo Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Amco hmoVo. amÌr 12 dmOyZ 28 {_{ZQ>m§Zr g_m{YñWmZr lr~m~m§Mo V¡c{MÌ ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mV `oD$Z AmaVr H$aÊ`mV Amcr. ho V¡c{MÌ nwUo H°$ån_Yrb lr.Zmam`U amd `m§Zr H$mT>co hmoVo. AmaVrZ§Va EH$ Iwcr g^m hmoD$Z ^mdr `moOZm§{df`r MMm© H$aÊ`mV Amcr. lr_hmamO Ë`m doir Jmoì`mV lr.AÊUm H$m_V `m§À`mH$S>o lrXwJm©XÎm _§{Xa, _meoc `oWo _w¸$m_mg hmoVo. Ë`m doir Jmodm nmoVw©JrO A§_cmImcr hmoVm. ^maVr` ZmJ[aH$m§Zm nadmZJrMo gd© gmonñH$ma H$ê$Z H$madmaOdiÀ`m _mOir _mJ}M \$º$ Jmoì`mV àdoe {_iV Ago. lr_hmamO Am{U nm§Sw>a§Jamd Ë`mM_mJ} _hËn«`mgmZo nadmZJr H$mTy>Z Jmoì`mV Joco hmoVo. _mÌ Jmoì`mVrc H$m_o Anojonojm WmoS>r cm§~cr. Ë`m_wio nwÊ`mcm nwÊ`{VWrgmR>r {ZKÊ`mg WmoS>m Cera Pmcm. Amë`m_mJ} naV OmD$Z nwÊ`mcm doioV nmohmoMUo eŠ` hmoUma ZìhVo, åhUyZ OdiÀ`m nU WmoS>çm AmS>_mJm©Zo, cm|T>m_mJ} naVÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$am`Mo Ë`m§Zr R>adco. Ë`mgmR>r H°$gcam°H$ Odirc XyYgmJa `m {R>H$mUr 10-15 _¡cm§Mr nm`nrQ> H$ê$Z Vo Amco; na§Vw VoWo gahÔrdarc VnmgUr ZmŠ`mda ^maVr` A{YH$mè`m§Zr Ë`m§Zm ^maVmV àdoe ZmH$macm. AIoarg XmoKohr nwÝhm _meoc `oWo lr.AÊUm H$m_Vm§H$S>o naV Amco Am{U VoWoM Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§Mr nwÊ`{VWr lrXwJm©XÎm _§{XamV gmOar Ho$cr. aËZm{JarÀ`m {eî`-_§S>itMr BÀN>m aËZm{Jar `oWoM lr_hmamOm§Zr lr~m~m§Mr nwÊ`{VWr gmOar H$amdr Aer hmoVr. lr_hmamOhr `m ~oVmg nydu AZwHy$c hmoVo Ago lr.Ho$.S>r.JÐo `m§À`m {X. 8.7.1955À`m nÌmdê$Z dmQ>Vo. (nÌ H«$. 12. n[a{eï> H«$. 4). na§Vw lr~m~m§À`m _ZmV H$mhr doJio hmoVo Am{U Ë`mà_mUoM gmao Pmco AgoM åhUm`cm hdo ! lr_hmamO `mZ§Va Jmoì`mVrc _w¸$m_ AmQ>monVm KoD$Z lr~m~m§À`m nwÊ`{VWrZ§Va H$mhr {Xdgm§Zr, XrK© H$mcmdYrZ§Va lr~m~m§À`m g_m{YñWmZr Amco. _Ü`§VarÀ`m H$mimV _wim-_wR>oVyZ Iyn nmUr dmhÿZ Joco hmoVo ! lrdmgwXodmZ§V.. / 61

lr_hmamO Oar df©-XrS> df© nwÊ`mV Amco ZìhVo Var nwÊ`mVrc EH§$Xa n[apñWVrMr Ë`m§Zm nyU© H$ënZm hmoVr. Ë`m_wio g_m{Y_§{XamV `oD$Z Xe©Z KoVë`mda lr_hmamOm§ZrM Amnë`m nÕVrà_mUo {dZm{dc§~ nwT>rc hmcMmctZm gwédmV Ho$cr. H$moUVrhr Jmoï> {dMmanyd©H$, gZXeranUo Am{U nÕVeranUo H$aÊ`mMm lr_hmamOm§Mm ñd^md hmoVm. Ë`mà_mUo Ë`m§Zr gd©àW_ lr~m~m§À`m gd© à_wI {eî`m§Mr EH$ ~¡R>H$ ~mocmdcr. Ë`m ~¡R>H$sV lr~m~m§À`m g_mYrMr ì`dñWm cmdÊ`mgmR>r H$moUH$moUË`m Jmoï>r H$aUo Amdí`H$ AmhoV `mMo gyÌ~Õ {ddoMZ Ho$co. g_mYrda EH$ Mm§Jcr, chmZer B_maV C^r H$aUo, g_mYrMr {ZË` nyOm-AMm©, lr~m~m§Mo ñ_¥ { V{XZ gmOao H$aUo , `o U mè`m ^º$_§ S > i tgmR> r Amdí`H$ Vo d T> ç m {H$_mZ gmo ` r H$aUo , g_m{Y_§{Xam^modVmcMm n[aga gwemo{^V H$aUo. ñWmZm^modVr ^¸$_ g§ajH$ q^V ~m§YyZ ñWmZmcm gwa{jVVm XoUo, {ZYr C^maUo Aer H$m_mMr _moR>r `mXrM lr_hmamOm§Zr g^onwT>o _m§S>cr. lr_hmamOm§Zr CnpñWV {eî`dJm©cm AmdmhZ Ho$co H$s, "`m ñWmZmV _r EH$ hOma df} amhmUma Amho' Ago lr~m~m§Zr gm§{JVco Amho, Voìhm ho ñWmZ d¥qÕJV hmoD$Z à{V JmUJmnya hmoUma Amho. Ë`mgmR>r gdmªZr Amnco nyd©J«h, Ah§H$ma ~mOyg R>odyZ, Amnco d¡`{º$H$ OrdZ {dgê$Z, gd© doi g_m{Y_§{XamgmR>r PQ>co nm{hOo. àË`oH$mZo nwT>o hmoD$Z ñdV:hÿZ O~m~Xmar CMccr nm{hOo. `m g^ocm lr. EZ.Ama.\$S>Ho$, Eg.Ama.Am§~oH$a, à.nw.Omoer Aer à_wI {eî`_§S>ir hOa hmoVr. na§Vw g_m{Y_§{XamMr O~m~Xmar Amnë`m Im§Úmda ¿`m`cm H$moUr nwT>o Pmco Zmhr. hr O~m~Xmar H$R>rU hmoVr. ñdV:À`m g§gmamVyZ doi H$mTy>Z Vmo lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamV IM© H$aÊ`mMr H$moUmMr V`mar ZìhVr. AZoH$OU d¡`{º$H$ nmVirda lr~m~m§da AË`§V {Zð>m AgUmao hmoVo, CnmgH$ hmoVo; na§Vw lr~m~m§Mo _§{Xa ho AZoH$ gm_mÝ`OZm§Zm AÜ`mË_mMr AmoT> cmdUmao ñ\y${V©ñWmZ ~Zoc Am{U `m {R>H$mUr Ho$cocr godm, KoVcoco H$ï> hrgwÕm CÀM H$moQ>rMr AmÜ`mpË_H$ gmYZmM R>aoc, EdT>m ì`mnH$ {dMma H$aÊ`mg H$moUrM V`ma ZìhVo. lr~m~m§À`m {eî`dJm©H$Sy>Z \$magm à{VgmX `oUma Zmhr `mMr H$ënZm lr_hmamOm§Zm hmoVr. na§Vw hr g^m ~mocmdÊ`mnyduM lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m _Zmer {Zü` Ho$cm hmoVm H$s H$moUr Oar _mÂ`m~amo~a Amco Zmhr Varhr _cm lr~m~m§À`m `m KamMm H$ma^ma Mmcdm`Mm Amho, Am{U Vmohr Xmñ`d¥ÎmrZo ! _mPo gd© OrdZ gX²>Jwê§$À`m MaUr An©U H$amd`mMo Amho ! _mÌ AZoH$m§Zr lr_hmamOm§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImcr, Ë`m§À`mgmo~V amhÿZ `m H$m`m©V ImarMm dmQ>m CMcm`Mr V`mar XmI{dcr Am{U lr_hmamOm§ZrM nwT>o hmoD$Z ho {edYZwî` CMcmdo Aer AmJ«hr {dZ§Vr Ho$cr. `m g^o_wio AmUIr EH$ Jmoï> AmnmoAmnM ñnï> Pmcr. lr~m~m§À`m g_m{YñWmZmMr O~m~Xmar ñdrH$maÊ`mMr g§Yr lr_hmamOm§Zr H$moUmcm {Xcr Zmhr Agm Amjon H$moUr KoD$ eH$co ZmhrV. 62 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

df©^amVrc H$ma^mamVM ~hþVoH$m§Mm CËgmh H$_r Pmcocm hmoVm. H$Xm{MV lr_hmamOm§Zm df©^a aËZm{JarVM Wm§~m`cm gm§JÊ`mV lr~m~m§Mmhr hmM hoVy Agmdm ! `m g^oV, lr_hmamOm§{edm` AÝ` H$moUr g_m{Y_§{XamMr O~m~Xmar ñdrH$maV Zmhr ho {Z:g§e` {gÕ Pmë`mda _J lr_hmamO PnmQ>çmZo H$m_mcm cmJco. H$amd`mMr àË`oH$ Jmoï> H$m`Xoera, arVga Am{U {Z:g§{X½Y Agmdr Agm lr_hmamOm§Mm H$Q>mj Ago. Ë`m_wio lr~m~m§À`m EH$_od H$m`Xoera dmag, Ë`m§Mr H$Ý`m gm¡.{Z_©cmVmB© Iao Am{U Ë`m§Mo nVr lr.ZriH§$R>amd Iao `m§À`mH$Sy>Z A{YH¥$VarË`m g§_Vr KoD$ZM g_m{YñWmZr H$moUVrhr Jmoï> H$aUo `mo½` hmoVo. lr~m~m§Mr g_mYr Á`m OmJoda Amho, Ë`m OmJoÀ`m gm¡.{Z_©cmVmB© `m EH$_od _mcH$ hmoË`m. Ë`mgmR>r 1955À`m Am°ŠQ>mo~a-Zmoìh|~aÀ`m Xaå`mZ lr_hmamO dÜ`m©cm Iao Xm§nË`mcm ^oQ>Ê`mgmR>r Joco. lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamV AmnU H$moUË`m ñdê$nmV godm H$aUma AmhmoV `mMr nyU© H$ënZm Ë`m§Zr Iao Xm§nË`mcm {Xcr. g_m{YñWmZmMr OmJm gwa{jV d gwemo{^V H$aUo, chmZgo _§{Xa C^o H$aUo, {ZË` nyOm, AmaVr gwê$ H$aUo, lr~m~m§Mo ñ_¥{V{XZ gmOao H$aUo, nwOmar, godoH$ar Zo_Uo, Amë`m Joë`mMm nam_e© KoUo Am{U ho gd© H$m`_ ñdê$nr Mmcy amhrc Aer g§ñWmË_H$ aMZm C^r H$aUo AmXr Jmoï>r H$amì`m cmJVrc; ho gd© lr~m~m§À`m AmkoZo Am{U lr~m~m§Mr godm åhUyZM H$amd`mMo Amho Agohr Ë`m§Zr Iao Xm§nË`mcm gm§{JVco. Iao nVr-nËZr lr_hmamOm§Zm AJXr OdiyZ AmoiIV ZìhVo. na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Mr `m H$m`m©{df`rMr Vi_i Ë`m§Zm Hw$R>oVar Vrd«nUo OmUdcr. lr_hmamOm§À`m gwñnï> ~mocÊ`mda Am{U Ë`m§À`m H$V¥©Ëdeº$sda Ë`m§Mm {dœmg ~gcm. ""lr~m~m§À`m hOmamo {eî`m§_Ü`o hrM ì`º$s _mÂ`m `O_mZm§Zm {dœmgnmÌ dmQcr,'' Ago gm¡.{Z_©cm~mBªZr lr_hmamOm§~Ôc åhQ>co Amho. OmJm {dH$V Z _mJVm, Vr Amåhmcm Vrg dfmªÀ`m ^mS>onÅ>rZo Úm, Aer _mJUr lr_hmamOm§Zr Ho$cr. hr _mJUr A{Ve` amñV Am{U nmaXeu hmoVr. Iao Xm§nË`mcmhr Vr _mÝ` Pmcr. dm{f©H$ 300 én`o ^mS>o R>aco. lr_hmamOm§Zr A{Ve` {dMmanyd©H$M hm àñVmd _m§S>cm hmoVm. lr~m~m§Mo ñWmZ Ë`m§À`m dmagm§À`mM _mcH$sMo amhmdo Am{U AmnU VoWo Ho$di godH$ `m ^mdZoZo godm H$am`Mr Amho Aer A{Ve` {Z_©i ^mdZm Ë`m_mJo hmoVr Am{U Am`wî`mÀ`m A§{V_ œmgmn`ªV lr_hmamOm§Zr Vr Amncm Y_© åhUyZ Oncr. ""V`mMo gÎmoZo Ioio {dœ gmao & AdKr pñWaMao ZQ>mo{Z`m &&'' Ago Amnco gX²>Jwê$ Ooìhm ""nwÊ`mV EH$ Ka KoD$Z Vy _mPm gm§^mi H$aerc H$m ?'' Ago {dMmaVmV Voìhm Vr H$mhr _XVrgmR>r Ho$cocr `mMZm ZgVo Va Amnë`m {à` {eî`mMo AdKo Am`wî` COiyZ Q>mH$Umar Amkm AgVo Am{U ""nwÊ`mV Ka-~JrMm Amdmamgh Pmë`mda nwT>o BVa JmoîQ>tMm {dMma lrñdm_r g_W© AmkoZwgma hmoB©c,'' Ago Ooìhm {eî` gm§JVmo Voìhmhr Vr ewîH$ ñWmda _mc_ÎmoMr O_dmO_d ZgVo. lrdmgwXodmZ§V.. / 63

^mS>onÅ>rÀ`m H$amamMm _gwXm dJ¡ao Jmoï>tMr Vn{ecdma V`mar gwê$ Pmcr. lr_hmamOm§Zr g_m{Y_§{XamV H$am`À`m {d{dY H$m_m§Mr AmIUr gwê$ Ho$cr. g_m{YñWmZmdarc lr~m~m§Mo {MÌ, cmoH$m§Zr hiX-Hw§$Hy$, hma-\w$co, ZmaimMo nmUr CS>dë`m_wio Iam~ Pmco hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Zr _w§~B©À`m lr.gmdS>}H$a `m§Zm lr~m~m§Mo EH$ _moR>o V¡c{MÌ H$amd`mg gm§{JVco. lr.gmdS>}H$am§Zr H$m_ gwê$ Ho$co, na§Vw lr~m~m§À`m S>moù`mVrc Zo_H$m ^md àH$Q> H$aUo Ë`m§Zm O_V ZìhVo. Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§Mo Xe©Z H$Yr KoVcoco ZìhVo. eodQ>r Amncr AS>MU Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm gm§{JVcr. Ë`mda lr_hmamO Ë`m§Zm åhUmco H$s Vwåhr EH$Xm nwÊ`mcm OmD$Z Xe©Z KoD$Z `m. Ë`mà_mUo gmdS>}H$a nwÊ`mcm Ambo. _Zmo^mdo g_mYrcm Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z nwÊ`mhÿZ naV _w§~B©cm OmV AgVmZm Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§Zr AmJJmS>rVM gmjmV Xe©Z {Xco. lr.gmdS>}H$am§Zm YÝ` dmQ>co. _w§~B©cm Joë`mJoë`m Ë`m§Zr {MÌ nyU© Ho$co. Vo V¡c{MÌ lr~m~m§À`m {ÛVr` nwÊ`{VWrcm g_m{YñWmZr g_ma§^nyd©H$ ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mMo R>aco. lr_hmamO ñdV:M, Vo _w§~B©hÿZ KoD$Z `oUma hmoVo; na§Vw n[apñWVr Aer {d{MÌ Pmcr H$s lr_hmamO Xwgè`m nwÊ`{VWrcm Var CnpñWV amhmUma H$m Aer e§H$m {Z_m©U Pmcr. Hw$UrVar Ag§Vwï>, CnX²ì`mnr {eî`mZo H$mhrVar AmJirH$ Ho$cr Am{U Ë`m_wio ì`{WV Pmcoë`m lr_hmamOm§Zr AmË_ŠcoemMm _mJ© åhUyZ nwÊ`{VWrcm Z `oÊ`mMm {Zü` Ho$cm. lr.nm§Sw>a§Jamd _a~ùir `m§À`mda Vo {MÌ nwÊ`mcm ZoÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar Q>mH$cr. na§Vw lr~m~m§Zr ""Vy nwÊ`mcm `oV Zmhrg åhUOo H$m` ? Vwcm nwÊ`mcm AmcoM nm{hOo !'' Agm AmXoeM {Xcm; Ë`m_wio ZmBcmOmZo lr_hmamO Xwgè`m nwÊ`{VWrcm hOa amhmÊ`mgmR>r Vo {MÌ KoD$Z ñdV: Amco. _mJrc AZw^d cjmV KoVm `m doir {MÌ gmJdmZr Mm¡H$Q>rV H$mM ~gdyZ gwa{jV Am{U Ocm^oÚ Ho$coco hmoVo. {edm` ""Zmai \$moSy>Z Ë`mMo nmUr \$moQ>moda qH$dm nmXwH$m§da Kmcy Z`o. A§Jmam AJa hiX-Hw§$Hy$ ltMo \$moQ>moda S>mJ nS>Vrc Ago Q>mHy$ Z`o'' Aer ñnï> gyMZm Agcocm \$cH$ _§{XamV cmdÊ`mV Amcm. Ë`mM \$cH$mda ""`oWo nmcZ H$amd`mMo {Z`_'' `m erf©H$mImcr EH§$Xa 15 {Z`_ A{Ve` {Z:g§{X½Y eãXmV {c{hcoco AmhoV. lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamÀ`m d¡^dmV H$moUË`mhr àH$maMo CUonU `oD$ Z`o `mgmR>r `m {Z`_m§Mo AmOhr H$R>moa nmcZ H$aÊ`mV `oVo. `m \$cH$mda Imcr {dÇ>c JUoe Omoer Aer ghr Amho Am{U VmarI 18.8.1956 Aer Amho. `mM {Xder lr_hmamOm§Zr `m ñWmZmMr gd© O~m~Xmar "crOhmoëS>a' `m ZmË`mZo CMccr Am{U AmnU ho ~m~m§Mo _§{Xa H$em VèhoZo C^o H$ê$ BpÀN>Vmo AmhmoV `m{df`r ñnï> eãXmV gdmªZm H$ënZm {Xcr. lÕoÀ`m ZmdmImcr AJa AÝ` H$moUË`mhr H$maUmZo `oWo ^m|JinUm, Am|JinUm, AñdÀN>Vm, ~|Jê$inUm `m§Zm ñWmZ amhmUma Zmhr. ho ñWmZ gX¡d gw§Xa, ñdÀN>, n{dÌ, em§V, àgÞ amhrc `mMr OUy ½dmhr XoÊ`mgmR>rM lr_hmamOm§Zr n{hë`mM {Xder ho \$cH$ cmdco AmhoV. lr~m~m§Mr Xwgar nwÊ`{VWr g§ñ_aUr` R>acr Vr AZoH$ H$maUm§Zr ! lr_hmamOm§Mr CnpñWVr, lr~m~m§À`m Zì`m V¡c{MÌmMr ñWmnZm, _wgiYma nmdgmMr hOoar Aem doJdoJù`m H$maUm§_wio hm 64 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

g_ma§^ AZoH$m§À`m ñ_aUmV am{hcm. nwÊ`{VWrÀ`m {Xder ({X. 25.8.1956) _wgiYma nmD$g nS>cm Am{U g_m{Y_§{XamV gd©Ì {MIcmMo gm_«mÁ` Pmco. O{_Zrda gd©Ì n|T>m ngê$Z BH$S>o {VH$S>o {\$aÊ`mMr gmo` Ho$cr hmoVr. ñd`§nmH$Ka, ^moOZ_§S>n gmaoM VmËnwaVo C^macoco ! OmJoV _O~yV Aer n¸$s B_maV Zmhr. nU lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`mhr n[apñWVrV gmao H$m`©H«$_ R>aë`mn«_mUo `Wmgm§J KS>dyZ AmUco. OodUmÀ`m n§JVrV EH$ nmQ>m§Mr am§J _§S>itZm ~gÊ`mgmR>r, Ë`mnwT>o Xwgar nmQ>m§Mr am§J nÌmdir dmT>Ê`mgmR>r Am{U Ë`mnwT>o {Vgar am§J hmoVr Vr dmT>ß`m§Zm n§JVrV {\$aÊ`mgmR>r ! lr_hmamOm§Zr {OÔrZo nwÊ`{VWrMo gd© H$m`©H«$_ ì`dpñWV nma nmS>co. _mÌ hr {OÔ hm H$moÊ`m "{dÇ>c JUoe Omoer' Zm_o ì`º$sÀ`m d¡`{º$H$ Ah§H$mamMm Am{dîH$ma ZìhVm, Va ho lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mo ñWmZ Amho, _mÂ`m gX²>Jêw §$Mo ho Ka Amho, Ë`m§Mm `oWo EH$ hOma df© dmg hmoUma Amho; ho ñWmZ _moR>o VrW©jÌo hmoUma Amho, ho gmao _mÂ`m gX²>Jêw §$Mo eãX AmhoV Am{U _r Ë`mgmR>r _mPo gd©ñd, _mPo OrdZ An©U H$ê$Z `oWo amhmUma Amho, `m ^mdZoVZy hr {OÔ {Z_m©U Pmcr hmoVr. nwÊ`{VWrnydu H$mhr {Xdg, {X. 18.8.1956 `m {Xder (B§J«Or H$mcJUZoà_mUo ~m~m§À`m Xwgè`m ñ_¥{V{XZr) gd© gmonñH$ma nyU© H$ê$Z "crO S>rS>' g§~§{YV gaH$mar H$m`m©c`mV Zm|X{dÊ`mV Amco Am{U lr_hmamOm§Zr lr~m~m _hmamO ghò~wÕo g_m{Y_§{XamMr Ywam A{YH¥$VnUo hmVr KoVcr ! lr~m~m§Mm hm {à` {eî` `oWyZ nwT>o gVV VohVrg df} EH$mM Ü`mgmZo Am`wî`mVrc jU AZ² jU Amnë`m gX²>Jwê§$À`m ñWmZmV, Ë`m§Mm XmgmZwXmg åhUyZ, ""Zmhr _r Cacmo AmVm OJVmV & dV} Jwê$ gË`, A§V~m©ø &&'' `m Z_« ^mdZoZo ì`VrV H$aUma hmoVm ! D D D

Q>rn : `m àH$aUmV C„oI H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m nÌm§À`m N>m`m§{H$V àVr n[a{eï> H«$. 5 _Ü`o g_m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amë`m AmhoV.

lrdmgwXodmZ§V.. / 65

àH$aU : 9

ghòdfmªdao r amhrZ g_m{YñWmZr Ÿ&& lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamMr OmJm ^mS>onÅr H$amamZo gm¡.{Z_©cm~mB© Iao `m§À`mH$Sy>Z {_i{dë`mZ§Va lr_hmamO PnmQ>çmZo H$m_mcm cmJco. gd©àW_ ^amd KmcyZ OmJm g_nmVirV H$aÊ`mV Amcr. ^amdmcm AmYma^yV q^Vr KmcÊ`mV Amë`m. gm\$g\$mB© Pmcr. `m OmJoÀ`m B©emÝ`oH$S>rc H$monè`mV lr~m~m§Mo A§Ë`g§ñH$ma Pmco hmoVo. Ë`m OmJoda EH$ eoS> dOm chmZgo _§{Xa C^maco hmoVo. _mÌ Ë`m doir Vo n{ü_m{^_wI hmoVo (Ë`mM _§{XamÀ`m OmJoda AmOMo lr~m~m§Mo ^ì` _§{Xa C^o Amho. OmZodmar 1992 _Ü`o Vo Zì`mZo ~m§YÊ`mV Amco. Ë`m doir Vo nydm©{^_wI H$aÊ`mV Amco.) Ë`m _§{XamOdi X{jUocm (AmO OoWo _moR>m nmÊ`mMm hm¡X Am{U hmVnm` YwÊ`mMr OmJm Amho) EH$ 12 \y$Q> x 15 \y$Q> Aer gmYr PmonS>r lr_hmamOm§Zr C^r Ho$cr hmoVr. lr_hmamO Ë`m PmonS>rV amhÿ cmJco. nmÊ`mgmR>r Zi qH$dm em¡Mmc` dJ¡ao H$gcrM gmo` VoWo ZìhVr. lr_hmamOm§Zr Vr ì`dñWm ~mOyÀ`m ßcm°Q>_Ü`o VmËnwaË`m ñdê$nmV H$ê$Z KoVcr. OodUmgmR>r EH$ ñQ>moìh hmoVm. drO OmoS>Ur {_imcr ZìhVr. amÌr H§${XcmÀ`m {_U{_UË`m àH$memV dmda H$am`Mm. Odi \$maer dñVr, ahXmarMr dX©i ZìhVr. amÌr Zrad em§VVm ngacocr Agm`Mr. _mÌ lr_hmamO Ë`m amÌrÀ`m H$mimoImV ~gyZ ñdßZ nmhm`Mo Vo ^{dî`mVrc g_m{Y_§{XamMo ! Am¡Xw§~a, ~oc, e_r, Am_«d¥jm§À`m KZXmQ> dZamB©V lr~m~m§Mo Aà{V_ {eëncmdÊ` {_adUmao _§{Xa C^o Amho, ^º$OZm§Mr JXu XmQ>cr Amho, lr~m~m§À`m ZmdmMm AI§S> On Mmcy Amho, Q>mi-_¥X§JmÀ`m VmcmV ^OZr qXS>çm Mmcë`m AmhoV, d¡{XH$ ~«m÷Um§À`m _§ÌKmofm§Zr Am^mi Xw_Xw_yZ Joco Amho, `kHw§$S>mVyZ CR>cocm n{dÌ, gwJ§Yr Yya Amg_§VmV H$m|XyZ ^acm`, hOmam|À`m g§»`oZo ^º$JU àgmX godZ H$ê$Z V¥á hmoV AmhoV Am{U `m gmè`m ngmè`mÀ`m H|$ÐñWmZr d¡^demcr qghmgZmda Amê$T> lr~m~m àgÞ _wÐoZo ^º$m§Zm Amerdm©X XoV AmhoV ! _mÌ lr_hmamO Ho$di ñdßZo nmhmUmao ZìhVo Va Vr àË`jmV CVadUmao hmoVo. Ë`mgmR>r cmJVrc VodT>o H$ï> CngÊ`mMr Ë`m§Mr V`mar hmoVr. XyaÑï>rZo, `moOZm~Õ H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr {dcjU j_Vm A§JmV hmoVr. dV©_mZmV dmdaVmZm ^yVH$mimMo {dñ_aU hmoV Zgo Am{U _Z _mÌ gX¡d ^{dî`H$mimMm doY KoV Ago. nwUo qH$dm S>oadU `m XmoÝhr ñWmZmV lr_hmamOm§Zr Ho$coco H$m`© Am{U Ë`m g§X^m©V KoVcoco {ZU©`, CMccocr nmdco hr Ho$di gd©gm_mÝ`m§À`mM Zìho Va ^ë`m^ë`m§À`m AmH$cZmnbrH$S>rc hmoVr. Ë`m§Zm g§^«_mV Q>mH$Umar hmoVr. Ë`m_wio H$mhr doim AZoH$m§Zr MwH$sMo J«h H$ê$Z KoVco. na§Vw AmO _mJo 66 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

diyZ nmhmVmZm, VQ>ñWnUo _yë`_mnZ H$aVmZm OmUdVo Vr Ho$di lr_hmamOm§Mr XyaÑï>r Am{U H$ënH$Vm ! lr~m~m§Mo ho ñWmZ `oUmè`m H$mimV EH$ _moR>o VrW©joÌ hmoUma Amho `mMr lr_hmamOm§Zm nyU© ImÌr hmoVr. ^mdr H$mimV `m ñWmZmÀ`m hmoUmè`m {dñVmamMo aå` {MÌ lr_hmamOm§À`m Ñï>rg_moa gmH$ma Pmcoco hmoVo. "937 S>r' hm \$º$ 10 Jw§R>çm§Mm ßcm°Q> nwT>rc H$mimV Anwam hmoB©c åhUyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr lr.I§S>oamd dmK `m§À`mH$Sy>Z `m ßcm°Q>cm cmJyZM Agcocm "937 gr' hm ßcm°Q> 1958 gmcr IaoXr Ho$cm. hm ßcm°Q> Ë`m§Zr ñdV:À`m n¡emZo Am{U ñdV:À`m ZmdmZo KoVcm. `m ßcm°Q>_Yrc 30 \y$Q> x 91 \y$Q> EdT>m, "ßcm°Q> Z§. 937 S>r'cm OmoSy>Z Agcocm ^mJ, gm¡.{Z_©cmVmB© ZriH§$R> Iao `m lr~m~m§À`m H$Ý`oÀ`m Zmdo ~{jgnÌ H$ê$Z {Xcm. VgoM 1959 gmcr S>o¸$Z EÁ`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>rH$Sy>Z, Ë`m§À`m _mcH$sÀ`m, cJVÀ`m nyd}H$S>rc O{_Zrn¡H$s 130> x 15 \y$Q> EdT>r OmJm IaoXr H$ê$Z Vrhr gm¡.{Z_©cmVmBªÀ`m ZmdmZo ~{jgnÌ H$ê$Z {Xcr. ho XmoZ O{_ZrMo VwH$S>o Aem VèhoZo "ßcm°Q> Z§.937 S>r'cm OmoS>ë`m_wio lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§[Xam^modVr nmcIr àX{jUoMm gmohim H$aÊ`mgmR>r nwaoer _moH$ir OmJm CncãY Pmcr. Ë`mMà_mUo "937 ~r' hm cJVMm ßcm°Q> IaoXr H$aÊ`mgmR>r lr.dmK `m§À`mer Vm|S>r H$ama H$ê$Z Vmohr ßcm°Q> _§{XamgmR>r IaoXr Ho$cm. Aem VèhoZo EH$Ì Ho$coë`m `m VrZhr ßcm°Q>²g^modVr VmaoMo Hw§$nU KmcyZ, O_rZ g_nmVirV H$aUo, ~mhoê$Z Mm§Jcr _mVr AmUyZ ^a KmcUo, ßcm°Q>²gMr g\$mB© H$ê$Z PmS>o cmdUo Aer H$m_o PnmQ>çmZo gwê$ Pmcr. Ë`mgmR>r EH$ AY©doi _mirhr Zo_Ê`mV Amcocm hmoVm. _§{Xam^modVr \w$cPmS>o, \$iPmS>o S>mocy cmJcr. lr.{dÇ>c EH$ZmW Hw$cH$Uu `m _§{XamVrc godoH$è`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm Amnë`m {X. 17.10.1957 À`m nÌmV (nÌ H«$. 14, n[a{eï> H«$. 4) H$i{dco Amho, "".... _mir amoO `oV AgVmo. AÚmnr ZdrZ cmJdS> H$mhr Pmcr Zmhr. EH$ XmoZ {XdgmV ZdrZ ^mOr noa hmoB©c. nÞmg Hw§$S>çm AmUyZ Ë`mV VwierMo amonmMr cmJU Pmcr. VgoM ltÀ`m _§{Xam^modVmcrhr Vwier cm{dë`m AmhoV. ZdrZ VoaS>çmg \w$co `oD$ cmJcr AmhoV .... S>mqi~ d Am§~m amono cmJUrg XmoZ VrZ {XdgmV IÈ>o KoÊ`mMo H$m_ H$ê$Z KoVmo. VyVm©g ltMo nyOog d hmamg \w$co ~hmarMr AgVmV. eod§Vrg H$ù`m Amë`m AmhoV. Mma-nmM \w$co amoO nwOog {_iVmV.'' {X. 8> Owc¡ 1958 À`m nÌmV (nÌ H«$. 15, n[a{eï> H«$. 4) lr.Hw$cH$Uu `m§Zr H$i{dco Amho, ""... nwT>rc añË`mMo ~mOyZo _mù`mZo \$mQ>H$mMo ~mhoa nmM PmS>o cmdcr. Ë`mg Hw§$nUo H$ê$Z KoVcr AmhoV. VgoM _mJrc ßcm°Q>_Ü`o Mmirg JmS>çm _mVr AmUyZ KmVcr d H$mhr ^mJmV ^mOrnmcm d H$mhr ^mJ \w$cPmS>mH$arVm V`ma Ho$cm Amho. AOyZ \w$cPmS>o cmdcr ZmhrV. ßcm°Q>^modVmcMo Vmam§Mo Hw§$nU ZdrZ S>m§~ KmcyZ d Vma R>moHy$Z V`ma H$ê$Z KoVco. 10 \w$Q>m§Mo \$mQ>H$ Ho$co Amho. _Ü`§Var EH$ chmZ \$mQ>H$ _§{XamMo ~mOyg AmVco ^mJmV H$ê$Z KoVco Amho. ...h„r Jwcm~ d OwB©g ~ha Amcm Amho. \w$co ^anya {ZKVmV. S>o{c`mMr cmJU Ho$cr Amho. nwT>rc ~mOyg ^|S>r, Jdma, H$aS>B©, lmdU ghòdfmªdoar.. / 67

KodS>m ^mOr noacr AgyZ Vr CJdyZ Amcr Amho. _mJrc ßcm°Q>_Ü`ohr ^mOr noacr Amho. Vr CJdV Amho. Vm|S>cr daModa {ZKVmV. KodS>m AOyZ \w$ccm Zmhr ....'' _§{Xam^modVr ~mJ Aer PnmQ>çmZo ~haV hmoVr. ~mhoaJmdmhÿZ ^º$_§S>ir lr~m~m§À`m g_mYrÀ`m Xe©Zmcm AYyZ_YyZ `m`Mr. Ë`m EdT>çmem PmonS>rV lr_hmamO Ë`m§Mo H$m¡VwH$mZo ñdmJV H$am`Mo, AmXam{VÏ` H$am`Mo; H$maU Vo gmao lr~m~m§À`m Kar Amcoco nmhþUo hmoVo. lr.{dœZmW à^wXogmB© AgoM EH$Xm gm`§H$mir VoWo Amco. Ë`m§Mm ^mD$ {_aOcm hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o A°S>{_Q> Ho$cocm hmoVm Am{U Xwgè`m {Xder Ë`mMo _moR>o Am°naoeZ hmoUma hmoVo. lr.à^wXogmB© qMVmH«$m§V AdñWoV hmoVo. lr~m~m Am{U lr_hmamOm§Mo Amerdm©X `m H$R>rU àg§JmVyZ Amnë`m ^mdmcm Vmê$Z ZoVrc `m {dœmgmZo Vo g_m{YñWmZr Amco. Ë`m§Zr amÌr lr_hmamOm§À`m H$mZmda gd© h{H$H$V KmcyZ AmnU CÚm nhmQ>o cdH$a {_aOocm {ZKUma Ago lr_hmamOm§Zm gm§{JVco. Ë`m doiMm àg§J gm§JVmZm Ë`m§Zr {c{hco Amho, ""nhmQ>o lr_hmamOm§Zr _cm ~amo~a Mma dmOVm CR>dco. Am§Kmoircm Ja_ nmUr {Xco. AmnU ñdV: Amnë`m hmVmZo Mhm Ho$cm. dmQ>oV ^yH$ cmJoc åhUyZ Mhm~amo~a {MdS>m Im`cm {Xcm. _cm H$mhr Ë`m nhmQ>o {MdS>m OmB©Zm. Ë`m doir "H$miOr H$ê$ ZH$mog. Am°naoeZÀ`m doir _r {VWo AgoZ' Ago åhUyZ nmR>rda COì`m ~mOyg Hw$R>o d H$go Am°naoeZ Ho$co OmUma Amho Vo _cm g_OmdyZ gm§{JVco.'' Ë`m doir Agm H$moUr EImX Xwgam nmhþUm Amë`mg lr_hmamO Amnë`m PmonS>rV Ë`mcm H$mhr CUo nSy> XoV ZìhVo. na§Vw lr~m~m§À`m nwÊ`{VWrcm _moR>çm g§»`oZo Amcoë`m ~mhoaJmdÀ`m _§S>itZm _mÌ AÝ`Ì H$moR>oVar Amncr amhmÊ`mMr gmo` H$amdr cmJo. eodQ>r g_m{YñWmZmda EH$ Mm§Jcr n¸$s B_maV ~m§Ymd`mMo R>aco Am{U 1958 _Ü`o lr_hmamOm§Zr "937 S>r' À`m Z¡F$Ë` ^mJmV "lrgÒwé dmgwXodmZ§V gañd{V {Zdmg' `m B_maVrMm nm`m KmVcm. Ë`m doir ^º$_§S>itZr dJ©Ur O_m H$ê$Z B_maVrgmR>r n¡em§Mr ì`dñWm H$amd`mMo R>aco hmoVo. Vo H$m_ nwaoem doJmZo Am{U nwaoem à_mUmV hmoD$ eH$co Zmhr; na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`mVyZ _mJ© H$mTy>Z Amdí`H$ Vmo n¡gm C^m Ho$cm Am{U doJmZo Ë`m B_maVrMo H$m_ nyU© Ho$co. Ooð> dÚ 6, {dH$marZm_ g§dËga, eH$ 1881; ewH«$dma, {X. 26 OyZ 1959 amoOr `m B_maVrMr dmñVwem§Vr Pmcr. Ë`m doir {VMm \$º$ Vi_Ocm ~m§Ycocm hmoVm. dmñVwem§VrÀ`m {Xder lr.nm§Sw>a§J _a~ùir `m§Zm lr~m~m§Zr Ñï>m§V XoD$Z daÀ`m _Oë`mMogwÕm ~m§YH$m_ H$aÊ`mMm AmXoe {Xcm Am{U lr_hmamOm§Zr Vmo {eagmd§Ú _mZyZ AË`§V AënmdYrV daÀ`m _Oë`mMo H$m_ nyU© Ho$co. Ë`m dfu lr~m~m§Mr nwÊ`{VWr gmOar H$aÊ`mV Amcr Voìhm lr_hmamOm§Zr `mnwT>o nwÊ`{VWrMm CËgd chmZ à_mUmda H$ê$Z lr~m~m§Mr O`§Vr ^ì` à_mUmV gmOar H$aÊ`mMm Amncm _ZmoX` ì`º$ Ho$cm Am{U Ë`mà_mUo gZ 1959 nmgyZ ~m~m§À`m O`§Vr CËgdmg _moR>o ñdê$n àmá Pmco. {ZdmgñWmZmMo H$m_ Pmë`mda "937 S>r' ^modVr XJS>r q^V ~m§YÊ`mV Amcr Am{U AmO OoWo 68 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

_w»` àdoeÛma Amho, VoWo lrgX²>Jwê$ ~m~m _hmamO ghò~wÕo g_m{Y_§{Xa, nwUo-16 Aer nmQ>r Agcocr EH$ H$_mZ C^maÊ`mV Amcr. g_m{Y_§{Xam^modVr \$aer ~g{dÊ`mV Amcr. Ë`mMà_mUo "937 ~r' `m ßcm°Q>_Ü`ohr \$aer ~g{dÊ`mV Amcr. CËgdmÀ`m doir ~mhoaJmdmhÿZ `oUmè`m nwéf ^º$_§S>itMr amhmÊ`mMr gmo` VoWo _§S>n C^mê$Z H$aÊ`mV `oV Ago. ~mOycmM Ë`m§À`mgmR>r XmoZ ñZmZJ¥ho d 3 em¡MHy$n Am{U nmÊ`mMo hm¡X ~m§YÊ`mV Amco. pñÌ`m§Mr CVaÊ`mMr ì`dñWm "{ZdmgñWmZmV' Ho$cocr Ago. CËgdmH$[aVm doJio ñd`§nmH$Ka {ZdmgñWmZmOdiM ~m§YÊ`mV Amco (AmO VoWo nmcIrgmR>r Img V`ma Ho$cocm aW R>odcocm AgVmo). ñd`§nmH$mgmR>r cmJUmar gd© àH$maMr ^m§S>r, AJXr chmZ M_À`mnmgyZ _moR>_moR>çm Vnoë`m, nmVoë`m§n`ªV IaoXr H$ê$Z ñd`§nmH$Ka ñd`§nyU© H$aÊ`mV Amco. EH$m doir hOmamo _mUgm§Mm ñd`§nmH$ H$ê$Z Vmo dmT>Vm `oB©c Aem VèhoZo Amdí`H$ Vr gd© ^m§S>r {dMmanyd©H$ Am{U `moOZmnyd©H$ AmUÊ`mV Amcr. n§JVt_Ü`o _hmàgmXmÀ`m doir nÌmdir dmnarV AgV. na§Vw nwaoem g§»`oZo VmQ>dmQ>çmhr g§J«{hV H$aÊ`mV Amë`m. CËgdm§À`m doir _moR>çm à_mUmda Mhm-H$m°\$s H$amdr cmJV Agë`m_wio Mhm-H$m°\$s Ja_ {_imdr åhUyZ nwaogo ñQ>rcMo _moR>o W_m©ghr _§{XamV R>odÊ`mV Ambo. lr~m~m§Mr O`§Vr H$m{V©H$ nm¡{U©_ocm AgVo, Voìhm Am{U Z§Va n§Mm`VZ `mJm§À`m doirhr ^anya W§S>r AgVo. Amcoë`m ^º$_§S>itZm amÌr PmonÊ`mgmR>r ^anya A§Wê$Unm§Kê$U-Cem `m§Mr gmo` H$aÊ`mV Amcr. gVa§Á`m-~¡R>H$mhr AJXr ^anya à_mUmV _§{XamV AmUÊ`mV Amë`m. Amcoë`m ^º$OZm§Mr H$moUË`mhr àH$mao H$gcrhr J¡agmo` hmoD$ Z`o, Ë`m§Mo _§{XamVrc dmñVì` gwImMo ìhmdo `mda lr_hmamOm§Mo H$Q>mjmZo cj Ago. EImÚm Am{VÏ`erc J¥hñWml_r _mUgmZo, Amnë`m {Oìhmù`mÀ`m nmhþÊ`m§Mo Á`mà_mUo H$m¡VwH$mZo ñdmJV H$amdo, Ë`m§Mo Amnë`m KamVrc dmñVì` Ë`m§Zm AmZ§XXm`r, gwIH$a dmQ>mdo `mgmR>r PQ>mdo, AJXr VgoM lr_hmamOm§Mo dmJUo hmoVo. CËgd H$mimV AJXr ^ë`m nhmQ>o, cdH$a CR>Umè`m _§S>itgmR>rhr W§S>rV, AJXr Ja_m-Ja_ Mhm V`ma Ago. JS>r _mUgo ~§~ noQ>dyZ nmUr Ja_ H$ê$Z V`ma R>odrV. H$m_mMr _mUgo Oar Zo_cocr AgV, Var Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z doioda H$m_o hmoV AmhoV qH$dm ZmhrV ho nmhÊ`mgmR>r lr_hmamO nhmQ>o MmagmS>oMma dmOVmM CRy>Z Ë`m§Zm H$m_mcm cmdrV. CR>ë`mCR>ë`m AmdmamVrc Ho$aH$Mam H$mT>Uo, _§{XamVrc \$aer PmSy>Z nwgyZ KoUo, nmÊ`mÀ`m Q>mŠ`m ^aUo, ^mOrgmR>r _§S>B©V _mUgo nmR>dUo Aer gd© H$m_o ì`dpñWVarË`m Mmcy Pmcr AmhoV `mMr ImÌr H$ê$Z lr_hmamO Amncr ñZmZ-g§Ü`m CaHy$Z lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV gdmªÀ`m AmYr hOa AgV. {Xdg^amVrc gd© H$m`©H«$_ lr_hmamOm§À`m Xj ZOaoImcr hmoV AgV. {Xdg^amV lr_hmamOm§Zm jUmMr Cg§V {_iV Zgo. Varhr amÌr gd© _mUgm§Mr PmonÊ`mMr ZrQ> ì`dñWm Pmcr Amho, gdmªZm nwaogo A§Wê$U-nm§Kê$U {_imco Amho, H$moUr W§S>rZo Hw$S>Hw$S>V Pmoncocm ghòdfmªdoar.. / 69

Zmhr Am{U Xwgè`m {XderÀ`m H$m`©H«$_mMr Amdí`H$ Vr nyd©V`mar Pmcr Amho `mMr ImÌr H$ê$Z _JM lr_hmamO A§WéUmcm nmR> cmdrV, Voìhm amÌrMo XmoZ-AS>rM dmOcoco AgV ! lr_hmamOm§Zr, lr~m~m§À`m g_m{YñWmZmda n{hë`m nwÊ`{VWrÀ`m doir C^macocr chmZer eoS> hmoVr Vr H$mTy>Z Ë`m OmJr EH$ nÍ`mMo g_m{Y_§{Xa C^o Ho$co hmoVo. `m g_m{Y_§{XamV lr~m~m§Mo V¡c{MÌ ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r lr_hmamOm§Zr EH$ gw§Xa cmH$S>r Xoìhmam H$ê$Z KoVcm hmoVm. 8 x 6 x 8 \y$Q> Aem AmH$ma_mZmMm hm Xoìhmam _mJrc ~mOyZo g§nyU© ~§X hmoVm Am{U ~mH$s VrZhr ~mOÿg ~marH$ JO cmH$S>r Mm¡H$Q>t_Ü`o ~gdyZ cmH$S>mda ZjrH$m_ H$ê$Z Vmo gwemo{^V H$aÊ`mV Amcm hmoVm. à{Vdfu CËgdmÀ`m AmYr Ë`mcm ì`dpñWVarË`m nm°cre H$aÊ`mV `oB©. Xe©Zr ~mOyÀ`m darc H$monè`m§da "lr' Am{U "›' hr a§JrV {Xì`m§Zr V`ma Ho$cocr Ajao emo^oV ^a KmcrV. Vmo Xoìhmam åhUOo _§{XamMo "J^©J¥h'M hmoVo. lr~m~m§À`m V¡c{MÌmg_moa EH$m _I_cr {~N>m`Vrda _Ü`^mJr lr~m~m _hmamO, Ë`m§À`m COdrH$S>o lrñdm_r g_W© Am{U S>mdrH$S>o lrgX²>Jwê$ ~rS>H$a _hmamO Aem VrZ _yVu {damO_mZ Pmcoë`m AgV. `m _yVu _w§~B©À`m lr._mhr_H$a `m§Zr ~Z{dë`m AmhoV. gw_mao 3300 Vmoio Mm§Xr dmnê$Z `m _yVu 1961À`m OmZodmar _{hÝ`mV ~Z{dÊ`mV Amë`m Agm C„oI lr.nm§Sw>a§J _a~ùir `m§À`m nÌmV Amho. g§nyU© g_m{Y_§{Xa V¡ca§JmZo a§Jdcoco hmoVo. AmVrc ~mOyg q^VtMm ImcMm VrZ \w$Q>m§Mm nÅ>m hm ßcm`dwS>Zo gwemo{^V Ho$cocm hmoVm. h§S>çm, Pw§~ao, emo^oMo {Xdo, Xodm{XH$m§À`m Am{U g§V-gËnwéfm§À`m Vg{~ar cmdyZ _§{XamMr emo^m dmT>{dcocr hmoVr. Jm^mè`mÀ`m XmoÝhr A§Jm§Zm, MH$MH$sV {nVir nÍ`m§Zr _T>{dcoco XmoZ Mm¡a§J AgV. Ë`mda VrWm©Mr Pmar, A§Jmam Am{U gw§R>dS>m `m§Mo ñQ>rcMo chmZgo S>~o R>odcoco AgV Am{U VoWoM ì`dpñWVnUo KS>r KmcyZ R>odcocm ê$_mc, VrW© AWdm A§Jmam dJ¡ao gm§S>ë`mg nwgÊ`mgmR>r R>odcocm Ago. XmoZ Mm¡a§Jm§Mo à`moOZ {ó`m Am{U nwéf `m§Zm doJdoJir ñdV§Ì ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mgmR>r hmoVo. _§{XamÀ`m àdoeÛmamnmer Omo JmoIco _mJ© Amho, Ë`mnojm _§{XamMo Amdma ImcÀ`m nmVirda Amho. nmdgmù`mV `m añË`mda nmUr gmMV Ago. nydu H$mhr doim nmdgmù`mV EdT>o nmUr gmMco H$s Vo g_m{Y_§{XamVhr {eaco hmoVo. Ë`mMm Ìmg H$m`_Mm ~§X ìhmdm åhUyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr 1982 gmcr añË`mcJVÀ`m ^mJm_Ü`o ^a KmcyZ ßcm°Q>Mr nmVir añË`mnojm 2 \w$Q>m§Zr C§M Ho$cr. {edm` _§{Xa AmdmamVyZ XmoZ _moR>r ^y{_JV JQ>mao X{jUmoÎma ~m§YyZ JmoIco _mJm©darc nmÊ`mMm {ZMam hmoD$Z Vo nmUr H°$Zm°c amoS>darc (lrgX²>Jwê$ ~m~m _hmamO ghò~wÕo nW) JQ>mamV dmhÿZ OmB©c Aer ì`dñWm Ho$cr Am{U Vw§~Umè`m nmÊ`mMm àý H$m`_Mm gmoS>dyZ Q>mH$cm. Aem H$m_m§gmR>r doJdoJù`m gaH$mar ImË`m§er g§~§Y `oVmo Am{U gaH$mar `§ÌUoVrc AS>ocVÅz> ewH«$mMm`© 70 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Aer H$m_o ghOnUo hmoD$ XoV ZmhrV; na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Zr {OÔrZo Am{U {MH$mQ>rZo nmR>nwamdm H$ê$Z Aer AZoH$ H$m_o H$Yr gwñV gaH$mar `§ÌUocm hcdyZ H$ê$Z KoVcr, Va H$Yr lr_hmamOm§Mr Wmoadr OmUUmè`m ì`º$s¨À`m ghH$m`m©Zo Vr hmoV Jocr. _§{XamÀ`m ~mhoarc añVm hmhr ñdÀN>M am{hcm nm{hOo, `mgmR>r _hmamOm§Zr _§{Xam~mOyMm nXnW ñdV:À`m IMm©Zo ~m§YyZ KoVcm. _§{XamVrc H$m_Jmam§H$Sy>Z PmSy>Z, YwdyZ Vmo ñdÀN> R>odcm OmVmo. añË`mÀ`m Xwgè`m ~mOyÀ`m q^Vrdahr ñdÀN>VoMo AmdmhZ H$aUmao g§Xoe {chÿZ H$mT>co, Ë`m_wio Vmohr ^mJ ñdÀN> amhÿ cmJcm. _§{XamV ^OZ, H$sV©Z AI§S>nUo hmoUma åhUyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr Ah_XZJahÿZ 100 Q>mi-OmoS>çm Img V`ma H$adyZ KoVë`m. EH$-EH$ Q>miOmoS>r gmVeo-AmR>eo J«°_Mr, IUIUrV AmdmOmMr ! _¥X§J, drUm, Pm§Om, hm_m}{Z`_ Agm gmam ^OZmMm ga§Om_ _§{Xam_Ü`o _hmamOm§Zr nmaIyZ, {ZdSy>Z Jmoim Ho$cm hmoVm. {edm` lr_hmamOm§Zr _§{XamV ~m~m§À`m d¡^dmV H$moUVohr Ý`yZ Agy Z`o åhUyZ AmaVrÀ`m doir dmO{dÊ`mgmR>r e§I, Vmg gma§ H$mhr {gÕ R>odco hmoVo. _§{XamMr O~m~Xmar CMcë`m {XdgmnmgyZ lr_hmamO ~mJoH$S>o OmVrZo cj XoV hmoVo. \w$cPmS>§, \$iPmS>§, ^mOrnmcm gdmªMr nÕVera OmonmgZm gwê$ Pmcr. Am§~m, Zmair-nmo\$ir, \$Ug, amVm§~m (H$moH$_), Om§^yi Aer Img H$moH$UmVcr PmS>o lr_hmamOm§Zr _wÔm_ cmdcr. lr~m~m§Zr H$Yr H$mir EH$Xm nmo_|S>r `oWo lr_hmamOm§À`m OmJoV Amnc§ ñWmZ ìhmd§ Aer BÀN>m ì`º$ Ho$cr hmoVr. na§Vw nwT>o Vmo ~oV aÔ H$ê$Z ""AmnU nwÊ`mVM H$moH$U H$ê$ `m !'' Agohr lr~m~m åhUmco. lr_hmamOm§Zr nwÊ`mÀ`m g_m{Y_§{XamV à{VH$moH$U dmQ>oc Aer dZlr \w$cdcr. EH§$Xa MìdoMmirg àH$maMr ~oc, _§Xma, e_r, Am¡Xw§~a, nig, dS>, {n§ni, nm`a Aer doJdoJù`m nyOm§gmR>r cmJUmar nÌr, g_rYm XoUmar PmS>ohr AmdmamV S>m¡cmZo S>mocy cmJcr Am{U n[agamcm erVcVm XoD$ cmJcr. `m d¥jm§da {d{dY njr _w¸$m_mcm Amco. Ë`m§À`m àgÞ Hy$OZmZo nhmQ>onhmQ>o _§{Xa OmJo hmoD$ cmJco. OmB©-OwB©, _moJam, AZ§V, nm[aOmV, H$m§MZ, AJñVr, eod§Vr, gm`§nwînr, H$X©ir, VJa, P|Sy>, AZoH$ àH$maMo Mm\o$, Jwcm~, Oa~oam, {Oao{Z`_ Aem AZoH$ \w$cm§Zr nyOoÀ`m naS>çm Amog§Sy>Z dmhy cmJë`m. Z¡doÚmcm KaMr \$i§ Am{U ^mÁ`m {_iy cmJë`m. lr_hmamOm§Mo Am{U lr~m~m§Mohr EH${Zð> ^º$ S>m°. h[a^mD$ AmR>ë`o EH$ AmR>dU gm§JVmV. AZoH$ {Xdgm§À`m àVrjoZV§ a h[a^mD§$Zm gaH$mar XdmImÝ`mV Zo_UyH$ Pmë`mMo nÌ {_imco. lr_hmamOm§Mo Amerdm©X KoÊ`mgmR>r h[a^mD$ nwÊ`mcm _§{XamV Amco; Voìhm amÌrMo 9-9Ÿ&& dmOco hmoVo. h[a^mD§$Zr Xe©Z KoD$Z lr_hmamOm§Zm Amnë`mcm ZmoH$ar {_imë`mMo gm§{JVco. Ë`m~Ôc AmZ§X ì`º$ H$ê$Z _hmamO åhUmco, ""Vy AmVm OodyZM Om !'' Am{U _J VoWo Omo H$moUr AmMmar hmoVm Ë`mcm lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""Om ao, ~mJoVyZ Mma Q>mo_°Q>mo KoD$Z `o, ^mV Q>mH$, h[a^mD$cm H$mhrVar ^mOr, H$moqe~ra H$ê$Z Oodm`cm dmT>.'' hr AmR>dU gm§JVmZm AmOhr EdT>çm dfmªZ§Va h[a^mD§$Mo S>moio ^ê$Z `oVmV ! ghòdfmªdoar.. / 71

""Ë`m {Xder _cm Oodm`cm KmcyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr _mPr OÝ_^amMr AÞnmÊ`mMr gmo` Ho$cr,'' Ag§ h[a^mD$ åhUVmV. Ë`mM~amo~a _hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m gX²Jwê§$Mo Ka ho EImÚm J¥hñWml_r KamgmaIo gOdco hmoVo, AJXr Am`Ë`m doir Amcoë`m nmhþÊ`mcm V¥á H$aÊ`mÀ`m ÑîQ>rZo XyaÑï>rZo H$m`H$m` `moOZm Ho$ë`m hmoË`m hohr `oWo OmUdVo. _§{XamÀ`m ~mJoV dm§Jr, ^|S>r, ZdcH$moc, H$mo~r, âcm°da, Jdma, {_aMr, H$moqW~ra, _mR>, nmcH$, nS>di, {eamir, Kmogmir, XwYr, Vm|S>cr, H$macr Aem AZoH$ ^mÁ`m KoVë`m OmV. D$g EdT>m ìhm`Mm H$s H$mhr doim ^º$_§S>itZm ^anya ag ß`m`cm XoÊ`mV `oV Ago. Ðmjo EdT>r hmoV H$s, AmR>dUrZo AJXr _w§~B©À`m ^º$m§Zmhr 15-20 {H$cmo Ðmjo nmR>dcr OmV. lr~m~m§Mo ñWmZ ho Zoh_rM ñd`§nyU© ìhmdo åhUyZ n«`ËZerc AgUmè`m lr_hmamOm§Zr g_m{Y_§{XamV AmUIr EH$ d¡^d H$UmH$UmZo Jmoim Ho$co, à`ËZnyd©H$ Omonmgco, Am{U Vo åhUOo ñWmZmV hmoUmè`m gd© {ZË` Z¡{_{ÎmH$ H$m`©H«$_mV H$ï> H$aUmao, am~Umao Ago ñd`§godH$ Xc ! Xj Am{U g_{n©V d¥ÎmrÀ`m ñd`§gdo H$m§{edm` H$moUVohr _moR>o gmd©O{ZH$ H$m`© ì`dpñWVarË`m hmoV ZgVo. _OwarZo ~mocmdcocr _mUgo hmVmer Yê$Z Aer H$m_o hmoV ZgVmV. {ZXmZ Ë`mV AmnwcH$s, ào_, {Oìhmim ZgVmo. na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Zr _§{XamV `oUmè`m ^º$OZm§_YyZ _mUgo hoê$Z {ZdSy>Z Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§À`mË`m§À`m Hw$dVrà_mUo {d{dY O~m~Xmè`m nma nmS>Ê`mgmR>r V`ma Ho$co. R>mHy$ZR>moHy$Z _yVu KS>dmdr Vgo ñd`§godH$ KS>{dco. `m H$m_r do._y.gào JwéOtZr lr_hmamOm§Zm _mocmMr _XV Ho$cr. AmO{_Vrg _§{XamV H$m_ H$aUmao H$mhr ñd`§godH$ ho lr_hmamOm§À`m doiÀ`m Ë`m§À`m {Zð>md§V H$V¥©Ëdemcr ñd`§godH$m§Mr Xwgar{Vgar {nT>r Amho. AmO gmR>r-gÎmar JmR>coco Am{U lr_hmamOm§~amo~a Ë`m gwédmVrÀ`m _§Vacoë`m {XdgmV H$m_ Ho$coco ñd`§godH$ gm§JVmV H$s _hmamOm§Zr Am{U gào JwéOtZr Amåhmcm Ajae: KS>dco. ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$nUo YmoVa dm gmodio H$go Zogmdo, nmZmV H$moUVm nXmW© H$moR>o dmT>mdm, dmT>n ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$ H$go H$amdo, _yVvZm Am{U \$moQ>m|Zm ZoQ>Ho$nUo hma H$go Kmcmdo, g^mñWmZr ~¡R>H$m H$em Kmcmì`mV, Ho$coë`m H$m_mV gm¢X`©Ñï>r H$er Omonmgmdr, Aem EH$ Zm AZoH$ Jmoï>r lr_hmamOm§Zr àmË`{jH$mgh {eH$dë`m. H$Yr amJmdyZ, AmoaSy>Z, H$R>moa dmH²$VmS>Z H$ê$Z, Va H$Yr ào_mZo Am§Omê$ZJm|Omê$Z, em~mgH$s XoD$Z, nmR>rda H$m¡VwH$mMr Wmn _mê$Z ñd`§godH$m§Zm H$m`©aV Ho$co. hr {eH$dU Ho$di _§{XamV Cn`moJr `oUmar ZìhVr, Va hr {eXmoar Am`wî`^a nwaUmar hmoVr Am{U AW©nyU© OrdZ ì`VrV H$am`cm _mJ©Xe©Z H$aUmar hmoVr. AZoH$m§Mr Am`wî`o lr_hmamOm§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImcr g_¥Õ Pmcr. Amnmnë`m ì`dgm`mV Vo `eñdr R>aco, H$maU lr_hmamOm§Mr {eH$dU hr àd¥Îmrna hmoVr, {Zd¥Îmrna ZìhVr. `m ñd`§godH$m§À`m ~imda lr_hmamOm§Zr Aer EH$ {dcjU `§ÌUm C^r Ho$cr H$s Or AmOgwÕm Ho$di lr_hmamOm§Zr {Xcoë`m àoaUoÀ`m Am{U {dMmam§À`m D$O}da AJXr gwairVnUo Mmcy Amho Am{U 72 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

^{dî`mVhr Mmcy amhrc `mMr ImÌr dmQ>Vo. XrK©H$mcrZ {Z`moOZ Am{U Xj H$m`©nÕVr Ago Xwhoar d§JU dmnê$Z hr `§ÌUm AI§S>nUo H$m`©aV amhrc Aer ì`dñWm lr_hmamOm§Zr Ho$cr Amho. lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamV Oo d¡^d lr_hmamOm§Zr {Z_m©U Ho$co, Vo gwì`dpñWV H$go amhrc Am{U Vo d¥qÕJV H$go hmoB©c `mgmR>r _hmamOm§Zr H$m`H$m` Ho$co Amho Vo nmhmUo åhUyZM AmZ§XXm`r Zìho, Va àoaUmXm`rgwÕm R>aVo; {Okmgy§Zm Aä`mgmgmR>r CÚwº$ H$aVo. g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m H$_mZrVyZ AmV Amco H$s gd©àW_ OmUdVo Vr àgÞ em§VVm Am{U {dcjU ñdÀN>Vm ! `m XmoÝhrhr Jmoï>r gmYUo Vgo AË`§V AdKS> H$m_ ! na§Vw g_m{Y_§{XamV `m XmoÝhr Jmoï>r gX¡d Zm§XV AmhoV Ë`m lr_hmamOm§Zr KmcyZ {Xcoë`m {Z`_m§_wio, H$m`©nÕVr_wio Am{U H$m_ H$aUmè`m _mUgm§À`m _ZmV R>g{dcoë`m g_n©UmÀ`m ^mdZo_wio. g_m{Y_§{Xa, {ZdmgñWmZ Am{U Z§Va 1981 gmcr ~m§Ycocr "JwéH¥$nm' B_maV amoO dma§dma H$Mam H$mTy>Z Amoë`m \$S>Š`mZo nwgyZ H$mT>cr OmVo. {ZdmgñWmZ Am{U JwéH¥$nm `m XmoÝhr B_maVrV {_iyZ 20-22 Imoë`m AmhoV. 10-12 ÝhmUrKao, 12-15 em¡MHy$n AmhoV. na§Vw H$moR>ohr H$Mam, H$moirï>H§$, nmcr {XgUma ZmhrV. Imoë`mVrc, _§{XamVrc, AmdmamVrc H$Mam H$mT>Ê`mÀ`m Ho$agwÊ`m doJù`m AmhoV Am{U Ë`m R>odÊ`mÀ`m OmJmhr doJdoJù`m ! gmadÊ`mÀ`m Ho$agwÊ`m doJù`m R>odcoë`m AmhoV. OmJmoOmJr H$MamHw§$S>çm AmhoV. amoOMo {Z_m©ë` ì`dpñWV Jmoim H$ê$Z Img ~m§Ycoë`m Hw§$S>mV gmR>dyZ Ë`mMr ì`dpñWVarË`m {dëhodmQ> cmdcr OmVo. nyOogmR>r EdTo hma, \w$co dmnê$ZgwÕm H$moR>ohr XoR>, nmH$ù`m, nmZo nS>cocr gmnS>Uma ZmhrV. _§{XamÀ`m AmdmamV ZmZm VèhoMr PmS>o>§ Am{U docr AmhoV; na§Vw amoO XmoZ-XmoZ doim AmdmamVrc H$Mam Jmoim Ho$cm OmVmo. nÌmdir, ÐmoU, H$mJXr ~em, ^mOrnmë`mMo XoR>, gmc§ gma§ H$MamHw§$S>rV Jmoim H$ê$Z Ë`mMr {dëhodmQ> cmdcr OmVo. ~mJoVM _moR>çm H$MamHw§$S>çm ~ZdyZ Ë`mV H$Mam Jmoim H$ê$Z Omicm OmVmo AWdm Ë`mMo H§$nmoñQ> IV ~Zdco OmVo. ñZmZJ¥ho Am{U em¡MHy$n Zoh_r ñdÀN> AgVmV. XmamV nm`nwgUr KmVcocr AgVmV Am{U Vr doirM ~Xccr OmVmV, YwVcr OmVmV. _§{XamÀ`m àdoeÛmamV H$mÏ`mMr nm`KS>r KmVcocr AgVo. Vr {XdgmVyZ XmoZ doim PQ>Hy$Z ñdÀN> H$aÊ`mV `oVo. ~mhoê$Z `oUmè`m cmoH$m§gmR>r hmVnm` YwÊ`mMr ì`dñWm gwédmVrÀ`m ^mJmV Amho Am{U ~mhoê$Z Amë`mda àW_ hmVnm` YwUo ho gdmªZmM ~§YZH$maH$ Ho$coco Amho. {edm` AmdmamV OmJmoOmJr hmV-nm` YwÊ`mMr ì`dñWm Ho$cocr Amho. H$mhr {~KS>coco, ZmXwwéñV, _moS>H$ircm Amcoco Ago lr_hmamOm§Zm MmcV Zgo. JiHo$ nmB©n, Vw§~cocr JQ>mao, gm§S>nmUr, VwQ>coco H$S>çm-H$mo`§S>o, \w$Q>coë`m H$mMm, cm|~Umao dm`atJ, AmdmO H$arV {\$aUmao n§Io, Jococo {dOoMo {Xdo, CKS>Pmn H$arV noQ>Umè`m Q>çwãO, dmidr cmJcocr cmH$S>o Aem Jmoï>r g_m{Y_§{XamV H$Yrhr {XgUma ZmhrV. Hw$ec, {dœmgy Am{U `m ñWmZmda lÕm AgUmè`m Aem Jd§S>r, gwVma, _mir, ßc§~a, BcopŠQ´>{e`Z, AmXr {ZdS>H$ cmoH$m§Mm g§M lr_hmamOm§Zr V`ma ghòdfmªdoar.. / 73

Ho$cm hmoVm. Hw$UmMohr l_ {dZm_mo~Xcm ¿`m`Mo ZmhrV hm lr_hmamOm§Mm EH$ _hÎdmMm {Z`_ Agë`m_wio Ë`m§Zm gX¡d {dZmgm`mg Mm§Jcr _mUgo {_iV Jocr. dmnamVrc gd© dñVy CËH¥$ï> XOm©À`m Agmì`mV Am{U Ë`m dmnamgmR>r `mo½` AdñWoV Agmì`mV Agm Ë`m§Mm AmJ«h Ago. Ë`m_wio Yma Jococm MmHy$, H$mÌr, _yR> VwQ>cocr H$mo`Vr qH$dm ñH«y -S´>m`ìha, H$S>r{edm` XadmOm, VmdXmZo \w$Q>coë`m {IS>Š`m, {~ZXm§S>çmMr Hw$Xi, \$mdS>r, \w$Q>cocr K_ocr Aem dñVy _§{XamV H$Yr R>odë`m OmV ZgV. ZdrZ OmJm KoVcr H$s àW_ ì`dpñWV gr_m AmIyZ KoD$Z _O~yV Hw§$nU qH$dm q^V ~m§YyZ _JM AmVrc gwYmaUm§Zm gwédmV H$arV. O{_ZrV nwaÊ`mMo cmH$S>r Im§~ AgmoV qH$dm Zì`mZo cmdcoë`m gwê$À`m chmZ amonQ>çm§Zm AmYma XoÊ`mgmR>r cmdcocr ~marH$er ~m§~yMr XmoZ \y$Q> H$mR>r Agmo, àW_ S>m§~a cmdyZ _JM H$moUVrhr cmH$S>r dñVy O{_ZrV nwam`Mr hr nÕV lr_hmamOm§Zr gwê$ Ho$cr Am{U AmOhr Vr H$gmoerZo nmicr OmVo. IwÔ _§{XamÀ`m Jm^mè`mV Am{U g^mJ¥hmV Va ñdÀN>VoMr n[agr_m AmT>iVo. Ë`mgmR>r H$mhr H$R>moa {Z`_ AmIcoco AmhoV. Vo {Z`_ gdmªZm _mhrV ìhmdoV åhUyZ R>iH$nUo \$cH$m§da {chÿZ R>odcoco AmhoV. AjVm, hiX-Hw§$Hy$, Zmai \$moSy>Z Ë`mMo nmUr dJ¡ao _yVvda qH$dm {MÌm§da CS>dyZ _§{Xa AñdÀN> H$aÊ`mg lr_hmamOm§Zr ñnï> _ZmB© Ho$cocr Amho. \w$co, hma nwOmè`m_m\©$VM ì`dpñWVnUo An©U H$amd`mMo AgVmV. Jm^mè`mVhr nyOm AmQ>monë`mda gd© CnH$aUr, nmQ>, \w$cm§À`m naS>çm hcdyZ cmXr ñdÀN> nwgyZ gmam Jm^mam EImÚm gw§Xa {MÌmà_mUo ZrQ>ZoQ>H$m H$ê$Z R>odcocm AgVmo. VrZVrZ doim cmXr nwgcr Var ""nm`mcm Yyi cmJVo Amho. Vwåhr cmXr ZrQ> nwgcr Zmhr,'' Aer VH«$ma H$ê$Z _hmamO g§~§{YV godoH$è`mMr hOoar KoV AgV. Aem Xj ZOao_wio gd© _§{XamMr Am{U n[agamMr XoI^mc CÎm_ VèhoZo Ho$cr Om`Mr. H$mhr dñVy amoOÀ`m dmnamgmR>r AgVmV, Va H$mhr \$º$ CËgdm§À`m doir, g^mg_ma§^mÀ`m doir dmnamd`mÀ`m AgVmV. Aem dñVy Zoh_r dmnamV ZgVmV, Ë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m XoI^mcrH$S>o {deof cj Úmdo cmJVo. lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamV {ZË` dmnamÀ`m dñVy§gmR>r EH$ doJir noQ>r hmoVr. Ë`m_Ü`o nyOoMo nmQ>, lr~m~m§À`m eoOoMm N>moQ>m nc§J, JmXr, Cer, VŠŠ`m, emc, nm§Kê$U Aem Jmoï>r R>odcoë`m AgV. nmcIrgmR>r {ZdmgñWmZmÀ`m n{hë`m _Oë`mda EH$ _moR>m noQ>mam ~ZdyZ KoVcocm Amho. `m noQ>mè`mV JwP©~, Hw$~S>çm, N>Ì-Mm_a, Mdè`m, M§Ð-gy`©, Jê$S>, hZw_§V, {ZemUo, aoe_r Jm|S>o, nmcIrV cmdm`À`m ~°Q>arda MmcUmè`m {Xì`m§À`m _mim, nmcIrdarc ZjrXma AmÀN>mXZ (qnOar), qnOarMr Pmca, Ago gd© gm_mZ H$mnS>r Imoit_Ü`o ^ê$Z S>m§~aJmoù`m Am{U V§~m»myMr nmZo KmcyZ ì`dpñWVnUo R>odcoco AgVo. H$cmHw$garMo H$m_ Ho$cocm, XmoÝhr ~mOyg qgh_wIo H$moacocm nmcIrMm Xm§S>m H$mnS>mV ì`dpñWV Jw§S>miyZ N>Vmcm Q>m§JyZ R>odcocm AgVmo, Va noQ>mè`mV gd© gm_mZ 74 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

R>odë`mda Ë`m noQ>mè`mÀ`m PmH$Umda nmcIr H$mnS>mZo AmÀN>mXyZ R>odÊ`mV `oVo. gdmªÀ`m OmJm R>acoë`m (lr_hmamOm§Zr R>adcoë`m) AmhoV. nmcIr àX{jUoÀ`m doioAmYr XmoZ Vmg ho gm_mZ H$mTy>Z nmcIr e¥§Jmacr OmVo Am{U nmcIr gmohim g§në`mda ho gd© gm_mZ ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$nUo nyd©dV R>oD$Z _JM ñd`§godH$ AÝ` H$m_m§H$S>o diVmV. noQ>r, V~cm, _¥X§J, drUm, Q>mi ho gd© gm{hË` cmH$S>r noQ>çmVyZ R>odcoco AgVo. `k-`mJ, hdZ dJ¡ao àg§JrM \$º$ dmnacr OmUmar ^m§S>r, Vm§~o, nù`m, n§MnmÍ`m, AaUr-_§Wm, nyUm©hþVrÀ`m doir cmJUmar cmH$S>r {VnmB© d nmÌ, gwdUm©Mr gmIir, Mm¡a§J, nmQ> ho gmao {d{eï> {R>H$mUrM g§J«{hV H$ê$Z R>odcoco AgVo. Ë`mMà_mUo `kmÀ`m doir cmJUmao XodXodVm Am{U ZdJ«h `m§Mo R>go, dñÌo gd© AJXr ì`dpñWVarË`m Ë`m§À`mË`m§À`m {Z`mo{OV {R>H$mUrM R>odcoco AgVo. AmgZo, OmO_o, gVa§Á`m EH$m OmJr ~mH$mda ì`dpñWV KS>çm KmcyZ aMyZ R>odcocr AgVmV. Km|JS>çm, gVa§Á`m, MmXar, Cem, A^«o, nmgmoS>çm q^Vr_Yrc H$nmQ>m§_YyZ ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$nUmZo R>odcoë`m AgVmV. dmnamZ§Va Ë`m YwD$Z, dmidyZ CÝhmV VmndyZ R>odcoë`m AgVmV. ñd`§nmH$KamV YmÝ`o, H$S>YmÝ`o, Voc, gmIa, JwimnmgyZ gd© nXmWmªMr gmR>dU KS>d§À`m§da, _mS>rda AWdm ViKamV ZrQ>nUo Ho$cocr AgVo. gm`§H$mir ~mOmamVyZ VrZ-Mma naS>çm \w$co AmUcr H$s naS>çm§da Amoco \$S>Ho$ KmcyZ hm¡Xm§da Ë`m naS>çm R>odVmV, Ë`m_wio \w$co VmOr amhmVmV. gma§ _§{XaM gX¡d àgÞ d n{dÌ dmQ>V§ Vo Aem Xj {ZJamUr_wio. _§{XamMo àdoeÛma Amocm§Sy>Z AmV nmD$c Q>mH$co H$s ~mhoarc JXu, JS>~S>, Jm|Yi, H$mocmhc, AñdÀN>Vm ho gd© ~mhoa amhmVo Am{U AmnU EH$m Vnmo^y_rV àdoe Ho$cm Amho `mMr AmnmoAmn _Zmcm OmUrd hmoVo. _Zmcm EH$ {dcjU em§VVm Am{U n«gÞVm cm^Vo Am{U _J ^º$m§Mr nmdco dma§dma _§{XamH$S>o diy cmJVmV. Ago ñWmZ KS>{dVmZm lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m gd© eº$s EH$dQy>Z dfm©Zwdf} H$m_ Ho$co Vo AmO _yV©ê$nmZo AmnU nmhmV AmhmoV ! D D D

ghòdfmªdoar.. / 75

àH$aU : 10

nwÊ`nÎmZmg KodmoZr J¥hmg Ÿ& gm§^mimdo Img _OcmJr§ Ÿ&& lr~m~m§À`m _hm{Zdm©UmZ§Va df©^amnojm A{YH$ H$mi g_m{YñWmZmMm H$ma^ma {ZZm©`H$s AdñWoV Mmccm hmoVm. Ë`m H$mimV g_m{Y_§{Xamcm g§ñWmË_H$ ê$n XoÊ`mV Ë`m doir VoWo `oUmè`m à_wI {eî`dJm©cm nyU©nUo An`e Amco hmoVo. `mcm _w»`V: Ë`m gd© {eî`m§_Yrc {dg§dmX H$maUr^yV hmoVm. d¡`{º$H$ _hÎdmH$m§jm, Ah§H$ma Am{U nañnam§{df`r Ûof, _Ëga `m_wio H$moUrM AÝ` H$moUmcm H$mhr H$ê$ XoV ZìhVo Am{U lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamMo H$m`© àJVr H$aV ZìhVo. lr_hmamOm§Zr 1955À`m gßQ>|~a-Am°ŠQ>mo~anmgyZ nwT>mH$ma KoVcm Am{U _J ""`oVrc Ë`m§À`mgh, Z `oVrc Ë`m§À`m{edm` Am{U {damoY H$aVrc Ë`m§Mm {damoY _moSy>Z H$mTy>Z'' g_m{Y_§{XamMo H$m_ gwê$ Ho$co. lr_hmamOm§À`m H$m_mMm PnmQ>m gdmªZm pñV{_V H$aUmam hmoVm. n{hë`m VrZ-Mma dfmªVM XoIUo g_m{Y_§{Xa, lrgX²Jwé dmgwXodmZ§V gañd{V {ZdmgmMr ^ì` B_maV, AmdmamMo {dñVmarH$aU, ~mJ~JrMm `mgh {d{dY CËgd, gU, Ym{_©H$ H$m`©H«$_ AmXtMo Am`moOZ `m_wio lr~m~m§À`m ñWmZmcm CËH$fm©Mr Pimir àmá Pmcr. CJdUmam àË`oH$ {Xdg `m ñWmZmÀ`m d¡^dmV nS>cocr ^aM nmhmV hmoVm. ^º$JUm§À`m CnpñWVrV dmT> hmoD$ cmJcr. dmñV{dH$ lr~m~m§À`m {eî`m§Zm AmZ§X dmQ>mdm AemM `m gd© KQ>Zm hmoË`m. na§Vw Varhr ñWmZmÀ`m àJVr_wio AmZ§X dmQ>Ê`mEodOr H$mhrOUm§Zm nmoQ>XwIr gwê$ Pmcr. ""lr~m~m§Mm _r godH$ Amho, lr~m~m§À`m ñWmZmVrc PmSy>dmcm Amho,'' Ago lr_hmamO ñdV: Z_«nUo åhUV AgV. na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Mo H$m`©, Ë`mMo _hÎd Am{U Ë`mgmR>r lr_hmamO H$arV Agcocr AI§S> YS>nS> AmoiIUmao gd©gm_mÝ` ^º$OZ lr_hmamOm§{df`r Omo AmXa ì`º$ H$arV Ë`m_wio AZoH$m§À`m _ZmV Agw`oMo {df {^Zco. lr_hmamOm§Mo _moR>onU AmH$cZ Z Pmcoco Am{U ñdV:Mo gm_mÝ`nUhr Z g_Ococo AZoH$OU ""Jwé~§Yy'' `m ZmË`mZo lr_hmamOm§À`m ~amo~arZo ñWmZmV dmdê$Z Amnco _hÎd dmT>dy cmJco. Ë`mVrc H$mhtZm Va lr~m~m§À`m gm§àXm`mMo ZoV¥Ëd H$aÊ`mMrhr gwá _hÎdmH$m§jm hmoVr. Amnco hoVy gmÜ` H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$moUË`mhr Wamcm OmÊ`mMr Ë`m§Mr V`mar hmoVr. na§Vw `mn¡H$s H$moUmcmhr Amncm CÎmam{YH$mar åhUyZ lr~m~m§Mo Amerdm©X cm^coco ZìhVo. lr~m~m§Zr Ë`mgmR>r lr_hmamOm§Mr {Z`wº$s Ho$cr hmoVr. lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnco g§nUy © OrdZ lr~m~m _hmamOm§À`m MaUr dmhÿZ Q>mH$co hmoV.o ltÀ`m ñWmZmMm _{h_m dmT>{dUo `m EH$mM Ü`o`mZo ào[aV hmoD$Z lr_hmamO ñWmZmÀ`m CËH$fm©gmR>r AZoH${dY Jmoï>r H$arV hmoVo Am{U Ë`m_wio ñWmZmVrc Nw>no {hVeÌy, ñdmWu Am{U H$mañWmZr H$madm`m H$aUmao Ag§Vïw > Aem cmoH$m§Zm lr_hmamOm§Zr Ho$di `m ñWmZmÀ`m CËH$fm©gmR>r, 76 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

hmVr KoVcoë`m H$m`Xoera A{YH$mam§Mm dmna H$ê$Z ñWmZm~mhoaMm añVm XmI{dcm. Aem g_Xw:Ir _mUgm§Zr ~mhoa EH$Ì `oD$Z Ic~Vo Ho$cr Am{U _§{XamÀ`m H$ma^mamda nwÝhm H$ãOm {_idVm `mdm `mgmR>r ho g_m{YñWmZ gmd©O{ZH$ XodñWmZ R>adÊ`mV `mdo Agm AO© 1961 gmcr lr.hþnarH$a, A{gñQ>§Q> M°[aQ>r H${_eZa, nwUo `m§MoH$S>o lr.Eg.Ama.Am§~oH$a `m§À`m Zmdo Ho$cm. lr.à^mH$a Omoer, lr._mYd {MVio, lr.dg§V \$S>Ho$ AmXr cmoH$hr `m H$mañWmZmV gh^mJr hmoVo. lr.Am§~oH$am§Mo dH$sc lr.Or.Eg.Omoer hmoVo. lr_hmamO ho crO hmoëS>a Va gm¡.{Z_©cmVmB© Iao `m _mcH$ åhUyZ, XmoKm§Zmhr à{VdmXr ~Z{dÊ`mV Amco hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§V\}$ lr.AZ§Vamd VWm XmXmgmho~ Xoenm§S>o Am{U lr.nmfmUH$a `m XmoZ d{H$cm§Zr H$m_ nm{hco. lr_hmamO H$moUVmhr ì`dhma H$aVmZm Vmo nyU©nUo H$m`Xoera Agmdm `m{df`r A{Ve` Xj AgV. gd© H$mJXnÌo n[anyU© AgV. Vr gd© Amnë`m g§J«hr OnyZ R>odrV AgV. Ë`m_wio _wimVM H$mhrhr VÏ` Zgcocm hm Xmdm {Q>H$UoM eŠ` ZìhVo. na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Zm Ho$di Ìmg Úm`Mm `m hoVyZoM hm Xmdm JwXaÊ`mV Amcm hmoVm. AZoH$ IQ>nQ>r, cQ>nQ>r H$ê$Z Vmo VrZ-Mma df} cm§~{dÊ`mV Amcm. AIoarg 1965 gmcr `m IQ>ë`mMm {ZU©` XoÊ`mV Amcm. lr~m~m§Mo g_m{Y_§{Xa ho nyU©V: gm¡.{Z_©cmVmB© Iao `m§À`m _mcH$sMo ImgJr ñWmZ Amho. Vo gmd©O{ZH$ ñWmZ Zmhr VgoM lr.{d.J.Omoer (lr_hmamO) ho `m ñWmZmMo H$m`Xoera crO hmoëS>a AmhoV Agm {Z:g§{X½Y {ZH$mc lr.hþnarH$a `m§Zr {Xcm. lr.Am§~Ho $a ho Ë`m doir A{ncmV Joco ZìhVo. Ë`m_wio ho gd© àH$aU Mma df} lr_hmamOm§Zm Ìmg XoD$Z VoWM o Wm§~co. Xmdm XmIc H$aUmao lr.Am§~Ho $a Xmdm XmIc H$aÊ`mnydu ghm _{hZo _§{XamV dmñVì`mcm hmoVo. na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Zm Ìmg XoÊ`mgmR>r EdT>çm ImcÀ`m Wamcm Joco Am{U nwT>o Amnë`mM H$_m©Mo \$i åhUyZ Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm A{Ve` AS>MUrV Amco. Ë`m§Zm ZmXmar Omhra H$amdr cmJcr. S>moŠ`mda ñdV:Mo gÎmoMo N>ßnahr Caco Zmhr. 1980-81 gmcr lr.J§JmYa à^mH$a Omoer Am{U lr.nm§Sw>a§J JUoe JmoJQ>o `m XmoZ J¥hñWm§Zr nwÝhm EH$Xm hmM {df` CH$ê$Z H$mTy>Z {Oëhm H$moQ>m©V Xmdm JwXacm Am{U lr~m~m§Mo _§{Xa ho gmd©O{ZH$ _§{Xa R>a{dÊ`mMr _mJUr Ho$cr. XrK©H$mi `m dmXmMo Km|JS>o {^OV nS>coco hmoVo. AIoarg E{àc 1994 _Ü`o {Oëhm Ý`m`mc`mZo ho ñWmZ lr~m~m§À`m _wcrMo åhUOo gm¡.{Z_©cmVmB© Iao `m§À`m nyU© _mcH$sMo ImgJr ñWmZ Amho Agm ñnï> {ZU©` {Xcm Am{U {edm` `m nwT>o nwÝhm hm àý CnpñWV H$aÊ`mg _‚mmd Ho$cm. `m XoemMo H$m`XoH$mZy Oo AgVrc Vo V§VmoV§V nmiÊ`m{df`r lr_hmamO A{Ve` AmJ«hr AgV. H$m`XonmcZ H$aUo ho Ë`m§À`m Ñï>rZo Z¡{VH$ dV©Z hmoVo. H$m`Xm _moS>Uo ho nmnmMaU hmoVo. lr.eaX H$moH$Oo `m§Zr EH$Xm aËZm{JarhÿZ lr_hmamOm§Zm nmoñQ>mÀ`m nm{H$Q>mVyZ nmR>{dcoë`m nÌmgmo~V 5 én`o lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV An©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r nmR>{dco. Vo nÌ Am{U Vo 5 én`o nm{hë`mda lr_hmamOm§Zr lr.H$moH$Oo `m§Zm EH$ nÌ a{OñQ>S>© nmoñQ>mZo nmR>dco. Ë`m_Ü`o Ë`m§Zr {c{hco Amho H$s, n¡go Zoh_r nwÊ`nÎmZmg.. / 77

_{ZAm°S>©aZoM nmR>dmdo. Ago nm{H$Q>mVyZ n¡go nmR>{dUo ~oH$m`Xm Amho. Ago H$aUo XoemMo ZwH$gmZ H$aUo Amho. AmnU Zoh_r Amncr XoUJr _{ZAm°S>©aZo nmR>dm. dmQ>ë`mg H${_eZMo n¡go Ë`m XoUJrVyZ H$mnyZ Cacoco n¡go nmR>dmdoV; na§Vw H$moUË`mhr n[apñWVrV nwÝhm Ago n¡go AZ{YH¥$V _mJm©Zo nmR>dy Z`oV. gd©gm_mÝ` _mUyg Agm {dMma H$arc H$s Ago nmM én`mMo H${_eZ Vo {H$Vr AgUma Am{U Ë`mgmR>r nwÝhm a{OñQ>S>© nÌmMm IQ>mQ>mon Am{U IM© AH$maUM Zmhr H$m` ! na§Vw `m N>moQ>çmem àg§JmVyZ lr_hmamOm§À`m OrdZ{Zð>m AJXr cIcIrVnUo {XgyZ `oVmV. _§{XamVyZ _§S>B©V ^mOr AmUm`cm OmUmè`m _mUgmZo Amncr gm`H$c 1 AmUm XoD$Z A{YH¥$V gm`H$c ñQ>°ÝSda C^r H$amdr, añË`mÀ`m H$S>ocm H$moR>oVar AZ{YH¥$VnUo C^r H$ê$ Z`o Aer Ë`m§Mr gº$ VmH$sX Agm`Mr. Aem N>moQ>çm Jmoï>rVgwÕm lÕoZo H$m`XmnmcZ H$aUmè`m lr_hmamOm§Zm H$moUr AmH$gmZo H$m`ÚmÀ`m H$MmQ>çmV nH$Sy> nmhmdo ho nyU©nUo hmñ`mñnX hmoVo. _mÌ Ago AZoH$ àg§J nwT>ohr Amco. lr.I§S>oamd dmKm§H$Sy>Z lr_hmamOm§Zr "937 gr' hm ßcm°Q> KoVcm Ë`m doirM "937 ~r' hm cJVMm ßcm°Q>hr Vm|S>r H$amamZo, Vm~o d{hdmQ>rZo IaoXr Ho$cm hmoVm. Ë`mMo arVga H$mJXnÌ _mÌ Ë`m doir H$amd`mMo amhÿZ Joco hmoVo. _mÌ VoWo ~mJ dJ¡ao H$aÊ`mV Amcr hmoVr. ~mhoaJmdÀ`m _§S>itMr CËgdmÀ`m doir CVaÊ`mMr ì`dñWm VoWo \$aerda VmËnwaVm _§S>n KmcyZ H$aÊ`mV `oB©. {edm` ñZmZJ¥ho-em¡MHy$n Ago VmËnwaVo ~m§YH$m_hr `mM OmJoda hmoVo. _mÌ hm EH$_od, n{hcm Am{U eodQ>Mm Agm ì`dhma hmoVm OoWo IaoXrIV dJ¡ao H$m`Xoera ~m~tMr nyV©Vm lr_hmamOm§Zr Ho$cr ZìhVr. Zo_H$m `mM Jmoï>rMm J¡a\$m`Xm KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ lr.dmK `m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~r`m§H$Sy>Z 1977-78 gmcr Pmcm. Ë`m§Zr gXa ßcm°Q>da O~aXñVrZo H$ãOm H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm. Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnco ì`mdhm[aH$ kmZ Am{U H$m`ÚmMo kmZ `m§Mr gm§JS> KmcyZ Ë`m§Mo gd© à`ËZ Ag\$c R>adco. {gìhrc H$moQ>m©VyZ Ë`m§Zm VmH$sX XoddyZ g_PmoVm H$amd`mg cmdcm Am{U IaoXr ì`dhmamÀ`m gd© H$m`Xoera VaVwXr nyU© H$ê$Z Z§Va Vr O_rZ lr{dÇ>camd Omoer M°[aQ>rO² Q´>ñQ>À`m ñdmYrZ Ho$cr. lr_hmamOm§Mo {ZU©` Am{U Ë`mMr A§_c~OmdUr hr Zoh_r {dOoÀ`m doJmZo Agm`Mr. hm V§Q>m CX²>^dcm Ë`m doir `m ßcm°Q>cm H°$Zm°c amoS>H$S>o CKS>Umao _moR>o \$mQ>H$ hmoVo. `m ßcm°Q>À`m gwa{jVVoÀ`m Ñï>rZo Vo ~§X H$aUo Amdí`H$ hmoVo, H$maU VoWyZ KwgImoar hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm hmoVr. lr_hmamOm§Zr Ajae: EH$m amÌrV VoWo H$mù`m XJS>mMr ^¸$_ q^V ~m§YyZ H$mTy>Z Vo \$mQ>H$ H$m`_Mo ~§X H$adyZ KoVco. nwÊ`mVrc lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mo ñWmZmV H$m` qH$dm S>oadU ñWmZmV H$m` {d¿Zg§Vmofr d¥ÎmrÀ`m _mUgm§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm Cg§V {_iy Z XoÊ`mMm OUy nUM Ho$cm hmoVm. dma§dma _wI^§J hmoD$Zhr, lr_hmamOm§À`m {damoYmV H$mhr Ag§Vwï> ì`º$s dma§dma H$madm`m H$arVM hmoË`m. lr_hmamOm§À`m gS>oVmoS> d¥Îmr_wio, _§{XamÀ`m g§X^m©V AZoH$ ì`º$s¨À`m ~m~VrV lr_hmamO H$Qy> nU An[ahm`© Ago {ZU©` KoÊ`mg _mJonwT>o nmhmV ZgV. _§{Xao, gËnwéfm§Mo _R>, Ym{_©H$ g§ñWm§_Ü`o 78 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Zoh_rM ""hm¡eo, Zdeo, Jdeo'' Ago gd© àH$maMo cmoH$ AgVmV. H$mhtZm Amnco AdS>§~a _mOdm`Mo AgVo. H$mhtZm VoWo Am{W©H$ cyQ> H$am`Mr AgVo. H$mhtZm Ho$di {_ï>mÞo Im`Mr AgVmV. lr~m~m§À`m Yw_mi {~pëS>¨J_Yë`m ImocrVhr Ago cmoH$ hmoVoM. lr~m~m§À`m JmXrImcrc n¡go hiyM CMcUmao cmoH$ hmoVo, S>~o CKSy>Z cmSy> noT>o ImUmao cmoH$ hmoVo. lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§À`m d¥Îmrcm gmOogo dmJyZ Aem Jmoï>tH$S>o H$mUmS>moim Ho$cm. ¹${MVM H$YrVar gm~UmMo cmSy> H$ê$Z R>odco, nU Ë`mVhr J§_VrMm ^mJ A{YH$ ! na§Vw lr_hmamO lr~m~m§À`m d¡^dmMo ""nhmaoH$ar'' hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr ñdV:cm ~m~m§Mo "ì`dñWmnH$' AergwÕm CnmYr H$Yr cmdyZ KoVcr Zmhr. Ë`m_wio lr~m~m§Mo godH$ åhUyZ ñdV:cm YÝ` _mZUmao lr_hmamO _§{XamVrc EH§$Xa ì`dhmamH$S>o S>moù`mV Voc KmcyZM nmhmV hmoVo. Ë`m_wio AZoH$ cmoH$m§Mo gwá hoVy gmÜ` hmoÊ`mV lr_hmamOm§Mm AS>Wim hmoD$ cmJcm. AZoH$m§À`m _hÎdmH$m§jm§Zm cJm_ ~gco. lr.H$mio `m§À`m 19.2.1955À`m nÌmV Ë`m§Zr EH$ VH«$ma Ho$cr Amho. {VMm ^mdmW© Agm H$s gdmªMr Aer Anojm Amho H$s, H$mio `m§Zr godm H$amdr, nU Q´>ñQ>tÀ`m V§ÌmZo, Vo gm§JVrc Vgo dmJmdo, Ë`m§Zr ì`dñWm nmhmdr, nU gmodio Amodio H$ê$ Z`o d Amåhmcm H$aÊ`mg gm§Jy Z`o. Am{U åhUyZ ""df©lmÕ H$ê$Z {Zd¥Îm ìhmdo'' Ago {dMma lr~m~m§À`m XohË`mJmZ§Va ghm _{hÝ`mVM H$mi|À`m _ZmV Kmoiy cmJco. lr_hmamOm§À`m ~m~VrV `mVrc H$mhrM g§^d ZìhVo. lr~m~m§Mm AmXoe `m ì`{V[aº$ AÝ` H$moUmMmhr AmXoe Vo KoUma ZìhVo, H$moUmÀ`m V§ÌmZo dmJUma ZìhVo Am{U hmVr KoVcocr lr~m~m§Mr nVmH$m ÌmJm H$ê$Z Imcrhr R>odUma ZìhVo. Ë`m_wio "`oZ Ho$Z àH$maoU' lr_hmamOm§Zm lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamVyZ ñWmZ^«ï> H$aUo hm `m Ag§Vwï>m§Mm EH$ H$c_r H$m`©H«$_ hmoVm Am{U Ë`mgmR>r Vo nwÝhmnwÝhm EH$Ì `oD$Z CMc ImV hmoVo. _wimdaM Kmd KmcÊ`mgmR>r lr.ZriH§$R>amd Am{U gm¡.{Z_©cmVmB© Iao `m§Zm ^oQ>yZ Ë`m§Mo _Z H$cw{fV H$ê$Z Ë`m§À`mH$adr lr_hmamOm§Zm eh Úmdm Ago à`ËZ gwê$ Pmco. Ë`mgmR>r _w§~B©-nwÊ`mV ~¡R>H$m Ic~Vo Pmcr. dÜ`m©cm {eï>_§S>io admZm Pmcr. na§Vw ho gmao à`ËZ lr.ZriH§$R>amd `m§ZrM hmUyZ nmS>co. `m g§X^m©V EH$ _hÎdmMr Jmoï> Aer H$s lr~m~m§À`m ßcm°Q>Mo _mcH$s h¸$ gm¡.{Z_©cmVmBªH$Sy>Z IaoXr H$ê$Z _J VoWo npãcH$ Q´>ñQ> ñWmnmdm d {eî`m§Zr VoWo Q´>ñQ>r åhUyZ H$ma^ma nmhmdm Agm _w»` _Vàdmh hmoVm. ""Omd`m§À`m d _wcrÀ`m H¡$MrV Z amhVm ñdV§ÌnUo _mcH$s _mJyZ ¿`mdr Am{U _J ì`dñWm nmhmdr,'' Agm gya nÌmV AmhoM. Ë`m_wio, `m nmœ©^y_rda lr_hmamOm§Zr _mÌ ho ~m~m§Mo ñWmZ gX¡d lr~m~m§À`m dmagm§À`mM Zmdo amhrc Aer ì`dñWm H$ê$Z Ho$di "gX²JwéMaUaO' Aem {dZ_« ^mdZoZo ho ñWmZ C^o Ho$co hmoVo. Á`m {Xder crO Sr>S> Zm|X{dÊ`mV Amco, Ë`m {X. 18.8.1956 amoOrM àdoeÛmamda Zm_\$cH$ cmdcm Vmo _mcH$ gm¡.{Z_©cmVmB© ZriH§$R> Iao, crO hmoëS>a lr.{dÇ>c JUoe Omoer, Agm hmoVm. CËgdmÀ`m {Z_§ÌU n{ÌHo$Vhr AmdOy©Z àË`oH$ doir VgmM C„oI H$aÊ`mV nwÊ`nÎmZmg.. / 79

`oV hmoVm. Agm C„oI H$aUo hr H$m`XoeraÑîQ>çm Amdí`H$ VaVyX ZìhVr, Va Ë`m_mJo \$ma {dZ_« ^mdZm Ë`mhr doir hmoVr Am{U AmOhr Amho. Ë`m_wio _wÔm_ lr.Iao `m§Zm ^oQ>m`cm dÜ`m©cm OmUmao VWmH${WV {hVqMVH$ Am{U lr_hmamO `m§À`mVrc \$aH$ lr.Iao `m§Zm _mhrV hmoVm Am{U Ë`m§ZrM Ë`m§Mo _Zgw~o CYiyZ cmdco. 1979-80 gmcrhr nwÝhm EH$Xm lr_hmamOm§À`m {damoYmV EH$ _moR>r ì`mnH$ _mohr_ CKS>Ê`mV Amcr hmoVr. `m doir AZoH$ AmKmS>çm§da EH$mM doir à`ËZ H$aÊ`mV `oV hmoVo. Ë`mgmR>r lr_hmamOm§da EH$ AJXr g§nyU©nUo AgË` Ago ~mc§Q> aMÊ`mV Amco. gaH$ma Xa~mar ImoQ>o AO© H$aÊ`mV Amco. VËH$mcrZ _w»`_§Í`m§~amo~a g§YmZ ~m§YyZ Ë`m§À`mH$adr nwÊ`mÀ`m nmocrg H${_eZacm Mm¡H$erMo Img AmXoe XoÊ`mV Amco. Ë`mM doir lr_hmamOm§À`m ^º$m§Zm lr_hmamOm§{df`r AË`§V J{cÀN> _OHw$amZo ~a~Q>cocr {ZZmdr nÌo nmR>{dÊ`mV Amcr. `m gmè`m fS²>`§Ìm_mJo _w§~B©Mo ~mJcH$a, Q>r.Eg.V|Sw>cH$a, {dîUy {MniyUH$a, cm|T>o, VgoM nwÊ`mMo EZ.Ama.\$S>Ho$, lrnmX JmoIco Ago H$mhr cmoH$ hmoVo. Ë`m doir nmocrg H${_eZa lr.ghò^moOZo `m§Zr Amnë`m Mm¡H$er AhdmcmV ""lr~m~m§Mo ñWmZ lr_hmamOm§H$Sy>Z OmD$Z Vo Amnë`m hmVmV `mdo `m _crZ hoVyZo {dîUy {MniyUH$a d Q>r.Eg.V|Sw>cH$a `m§À`mgh H$mhr cmoH$m§Zr _hmamOm§{déÕ ~XZm_rH$maH$ AO© JwXaÊ`mMm ImoS>gminUm Ho$cocm AgyZ Ë`mn¡H$s Hw$R>ë`mhr AmamonmV `pËH¨$MrVhr VÏ` Zmhr'' Agm gmYma {ZîH$f© H$mTy>Z Amncm Ahdmc _w»`_§Í`m§H$S>o nmR>{dcm. D D D

A^§J ~wÕr Zmoho ñWra, gmoS>r {ZOê$n & A{ZË`t A_yn gwI _mZr && Ymd| R>m`r R>m`r, A{dMmar nmR>t & {dMma {ZJwVr gm§S>mo{Z`m && {ddoH$mMm hmV gmoS>mo{Z`m§ XoB© & Zm{ed§V R>m`t Ymd| {ZË` && Xmg åhUo ~w{Õ H$amoZr`m§ ewÕ & H$at ~w{Õ ~Õ {ddoH$m§V && Ÿ&& lrgÒþéMaUmaqdXmn©U_ñVw &&

80 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

1 2 3 4

àH$aU : 11

Iim§Mr Xw~Õ ©w r & Zmedr gH$i && lr_hmamOm§À`m {hVeÌy§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm Ìmg XoÊ`mgmR>r Oo AZoH$ CnX²>ì`mn Ho$co Ë`mVrc Am`H$a ImË`mMm N>mnm> hm Ë`m doir \$ma MM}Mm {df` Pmcm hmoVm. A{Vhì`mgr ñd^mdmÀ`m EH$m J¥hñWm§Zm lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§À`m cmo^rnUm_wio Xya Ho$co hmoVo. Ë`m_wio {~Wacoë`m `m J¥hñWm§Zr Am`H$a ImË`mH$S>o AO© Ho$cm H$s _R>m_Ü`o _moR>çm à_mUmV ~o{hemo~r g§nÎmr Amho. Am`H$a ImË`mZo {X.27 Zmoìh|~a 1982 `m {Xder nwUo, S>oadU Am{U lr.dmcmdcH$a `m _§{XamÀ`m à_wI {dœñVm§À`m _w§~B©Vrc {ZdmgñWmZmda EH$mM doir N>mnm Q>mH$cm. lr_hmamOm§Zr A§Vkm©ZmZo `oD$ KmVcoco g§H$Q> AmYrM OmUco hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr CËgdmÀ`m IMm©gmR>r Ë`m {XdgmÀ`m AmYr H$mhr {Xdg gw_mao gVam cmImMr amoI a¸$_ nwÊ`mVrc ñWmZmV AmUyZ R>odcr hmoVr. _w§~B© Am{U S>oadU `oWo H$mhrhr Amjonmh© gmnS>co Zmhr; na§Vw nwÊ`mcm _mÌ gVam cmImMr amoI a¸$_ {_imcr Am{U Vr _moR>r ~mV_r R>acr. N>mß`mMr H$m`©dmhr Mmcy AgVmZm lr_hmamO hm gmam àH$ma AJXr A{cánUo, em§VnUo AZw^dV hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr Ë`m doir H$moUVrhr à{V{H«$`m ì`º$ Ho$cr ZìhVr. _mÌ Am`H$a ImË`mMo nWH$ Ooìhm naV Joco, Voìhm lr_hmamO {ZdmgñWmZmÀ`m XmamV C^o hmoVo. Ë`m doir Vo EdT>oM åhUmco, ""lr~m~m§Mo ho ñWmZ gmè`m OJmV »`mVH$sV© hmoB©c Ago _r nmhrZ.'' nwT>o XmoZ df} `m Ho$gMr nyU© Mm¡H$er hmoD$Z, Ë`m{Z{_ÎmmZo lr~m~m§À`m _§{Xamer g§~§{YV gd© ì`dhmam§Mr H$mQ>oH$moa VnmgUr hmoD$Z, _§{XamÀ`m ì`dhmamV H$moUVmhr J¡aì`dhma Zmhr Ago _mÝ` H$ê$Z Vo gVam cmI én`o Am`H$a {d^mJmZo YZmXoemÛmao naV Ho$co. ho EH$ _moR>o A{¾{Xì` hmoVo, H$maU `mV lr_hmamOm§À`m d¡`{º$H$ à{Vð>o~amo~a lr~m~m§À`m ñWmZmMr à{VîR>mhr H$gmcm cmJcocr hmoVr Am{U `m XmoÝhr Jmoï>r ewÕ ~mdZH$er gmoÝ`mà_mUoM PimiyZ CR>ë`m. N>mnm Q>mH$Umè`m nWH$mV Mma-nmM pñÌ`m§gh EHy$U Mm¡Xm-n§Yam cmoH$ hmoVo. Ë`mVrc H$mhrOUm§Mo dmJUo A{YH$mamMr Jw_u XmIdUmao hmoVo. na§Vw Ë`m gdmªZm _§{XamV Xe©ZmgmR>r `oUmè`m ^º$OZm§à_mUoM AmnwcH$sMr dmJUyH$ {_imcr. Mhm, ImUo XoÊ`mV Amco. EdT>oM Zìho Va Ë`m gJù`m§Zm àgmX åhUyZ H$mnS>-MmonS>, pñÌ`m§Zm gmS>çmhr XoÊ`mV Amë`m Am{U _§{XamV CncãY Agcoë`m JmS>çm§_YyZ Ë`m§Zm KamoKar nmohmoMdÊ`mV Amco, H$maU Vmon`ªV AnamÌ Pmcr hmoVr. `m gmè`m gm¡OÝ`erc dmJUwH$s_wio Vo cmoH$ Amü`©M{H$V Pmco. ImoQ>çm VH«$mardê$Z N>mnm Q>mH$mdm cmJcm åhUyZ Ë`mVrc H$mhtZr Z§Va IoXhr ì`º$ Ho$cm. lr_hmamOm§À`m _ZmV lr~m~m§À`m ñWmZmMo ^mdr H$mimVrc Oo {MÌ hmoVo Vo A{Ve` ^ì` {Xì` Iim§Mr Xw~w©Õr.. / 81

AgoM hmoVo. Oar lr~m~m§Mo _§{Xa Ë`m doir gmYogo, chmZgo hmoVo Var Vo "VmËnwaVo' Amho Am{U nwT>o `mo½` doir A{Ve` gw§Xa dmñVw{eën Ë`m OmJr C^maÊ`mV `oB©c Ago Vo Zoh_r åhUV. ho joÌ JmUJmnyagmaIo ^º$m§À`m JXuZo JO~OyZ OmB©c. Xe©ZmgmR>r nwUo ñQ>oeZn`ªV cm§~Mcm§~ am§Jm cmJVrc Ago Vo gm§JV. hOma df} lr~m~m `oWo amhmUma AmhoV Am{U hOma df} ho ñWmZ cmImo ^m{dH$m§Mo lÕmñWmZ, VrW©joÌ ~ZyZ amhmUma Amho, ^m{dH$ ^º$m§Mo, _w_wjy§Mo ñ\y${V©ñWmZ hmoUma Amho Agm Ë`m§Mm {dœmg hmoVm. lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamÀ`m n[agamV AZoH$ CnH«$_m§Mr _whÿV©_oT> Ë`m§Zm amodm`Mr hmoVr. `oWo CÎm_ doXnmR>emim Agmdr, Ë`mVyZ emñÌewÕnUo doXmÜ``Z H$aUmao {dÛmZ d¡{XH$ Am{U `m{kH$ ~«m÷U V`ma ìhmdoV, `oWo CÎm_ d¡ÚH$s` godm CncãY ìhmdr, JmoaJ[a~m§Zm VoWo nadS>Vrc Aem XamV Am¡fYmonMma {_imdoV, gd© g_mOmZo `oWo `oD$Z EH${ÌVnUo gU, g_ma§^, CËgd gmOao H$amdoV OoUoH$ê$Z {dIwacocm qhXy g_mO EH$OyQ,> EH$_yR> hmoB©c. `oWo H$Wm-H$sV©Zo àdMZm§Ûmao Amnë`m g_mOmÀ`m Om{Udm g_¥Õ ìhmì`m; `oWo kmZmMr CnmgZm ìhmdr, `oWo ~cmMr CnmgZm ìhmdr; WmoS>Š`mV nwéfmW©g§nÞ, ~cemcr, gmpÎdH$ Aem g_mOmMr OS>UKS>U `m ñWmZmVrc CnH«$_mÛmao ìhmdr OoUoH$ê$Z Amncr ^maV^y_r nwÝhm "gwdU©^y_r' hmoB©c. ^ì` {MÌmgmR>r H°$Zìhmghr VgmM _moR>m hdm. lr~m~m§À`m _§{Xam^modVmcMr Voìhm CncãY Agcocr OmJm ^{dî`H$mimV Anwar nS>Uma Amho ho lr_hmamOm§Zr AmoiIco hmoVo. 1959 gmcr ~m§Ycocr "lrgÒþé dmgwXodmZ§V gañd{V {Zdmg' hr B_maV AmVm `oUmè`m ^º$m§Mr gmo` H$aÊ`mMo Ñï>rZo VgoM _§{XamVrc {d{dY dñVy§Mr gmR>dU, {ZJm amIUo `mgmR>r Anwar dmQy> cmJcr hmoVr, åhUyZ "937 gr' `m ßcm°Q>_Ü`o EH$ Mm§Jcr àeñV B_maV ~m§Ym`Mo R>aco. 1981 gmcr `m B_maVrMo H$m_ gwê$ H$aÊ`mV Amco. Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImcr lr AemoH$ aKwZmW Omoer (lrH$mH$m _hmamO) `m§Zr `m B_maVrÀ`m C^maUrMo H$m_ nm{hco. hr B_maV Ama.gr.gr. Am{U cmoS> ~oAatJ Aem XmoÝhr nÕVtMo {_lU H$ê$Z C^maÊ`mV Amcr. lr AemoH$amd ho ñdV: CËH¥$ï> Am{U AZw^dr ñWmnË` A{^`§Vm ! lr_hmamOm§Zr ~m§YH$m_ emñÌmVrc H$moUVohr à{ejU KoVcoco ZìhVo. Varhr hr B_maV C^r H$aVmZm _mc ({g_§oQ>, dmiy, nmUr `m§Mo {_lU) {H$Vr KÅ> H$amdm, ~m§YH$m_mÀ`m {dQ>m {H$Vr doi {^OdyZ dmnamì`m Aem N>moQ>çmN>moQ>çm ~m~VrVhr A{YH$madmUrZo lr_hmamO lrH$mH$m§Zm _mJ©Xe©Z H$arV. VoWo OUy H$mhr lrH$mH$m§gmR>r COiUrdJ©M Mmcy hmoVm. B_maV Aer ^¸$_ Pmcr nm{hOo H$s, _moR>çm ^yH§$nmVgwÕm Vr gwa{jV am{hcr nm{hOo Ago gyÌ lr_hmamO Ë`m doir gdmªÀ`m _Zmda dma§dma q~~drV. 1981 À`m, 8 Vo 14 OmZodmar `m H$mcmdYrV F$H²$g§{hVm ñdmhmH$ma Pmcm. `m H$mcmdYrVM `m B_maVrMo ^y{_nyOZ Pmco hmoV.o `WmdH$me hr B_maV nyU© Pmcr. _§{XamMm n[aga Ë`m doir "937 S>r, 937 gr Am{U 937 ~r' `m VrZ gcJ ßcm°Q>_Ü`o hmoVm. 82 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Mm¡Wm "937 E' hm ßcm°Q> A°S>. amUo `m§À`m _mcH$sMm hmoVm. Ë`m_Ü`o EH$ {Zdmgr B_maV Am{U Ë`mcm cmJyZ EH$ AmD$Q> hmD$g Aem XmoZ B_maVr hmoË`m. Vmo ßcm°Q> amUo `m§À`mH$Sy>Z IaoXr H$aÊ`mV Amcm Am{U Ë`m_wio gw_mao 40 Jw§R>çm§Mo EH$ gcJ Amdma _§{Xam^modVr {Z_m©U Pmco. `m ßcm°Q>Mm Vm~m {_imë`mda Ë`mdarc XmoÝhr B_maVtMr nyU© S>mJSw>Or, a§Ja§JmoQ>r H$ê$Z Ë`m lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m _Zmgma»`m, amhmÊ`mg `mo½` Aem ~Z{dë`m Am{U _J VoWohr, Amcoë`m ^º$_§S>itgmR>r {ZdmgmMr ì`dñWm hmoD$ cmJcr. _§{XamMm ßcm°Q> Z§.937 Amho. Ë`mÀ`m nyd}H$S>rc ~mOyg S>o¸$Z EÁ`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>rMm ßcm°Q> Z§.936 hmoVm Am{U `m 936 Z§~aÀ`m ßcm°Q>À`m ncrH$S>o nydo©cmM ßcm°Q> Z§.934 Am{U 935 ho XmoZ ßcm°Q> lr.AmZ§Xamd Jm§S>oH$a `m§À`m _mcH$sMo hmoVo. Ë`m_Ü`o EH$ _moR>r B_maV hmoVr. lr.Jm§S>oH$a `m§À`mer `m ßcm°Q>²gÀ`m IaoXrMr ~mocUr Mmcy AgVmZmM Ë`m§Mo {ZYZ Pmco; na§Vw Ë`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§{~`m§Zr Vmo ì`dhma 1980 gmcr nyU© Ho$cm Am{U lr~m~m§À`m ñWmZmÀ`m {dñVmamgmR>r A{YH$ OmJm CncãY Pmcr. _mÌ hm ßcm°Q> Am{U _§{XamMo Amdma `m_Ü`o S>o¸$Z EÁ`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>rÀ`m _mcH$sMm ßcm°Q> Z§.936 ngacocm hmoVm. Ë`mda gmogm`Q>rMo nyaJ«ñV H$_©Mmar amhmV Agcoë`m XmoZ Mmir hmoË`m. S>o¸$Z EÁ`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>rZo 1981 gmcrM gXa _mc_Îmm {dH«$sgmR>r H$mT>cr Am{U 6 d 7 Owc¡ 1981 amoOr dV©_mZnÌmV Om{hamV XoD$Z cmoH$m§H$Sy>Z {Z{dXm _mJ{dë`m. gXaMr O_rZ {_imë`mg lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamÀ`m Ñï>rZo Vr AË`§V Cn`wº$ Jmoï> R>aUma hmoVr. hr EH$ gwdU©g§Yr hmoVr. lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m doiocm gdm©V OmñV qH$_VrMo Q>|S>a ^aco hmoVo. OmUmao n¡go EH$m à{V{ð>V {ejU g§ñWocm {_iUma AmhoV Agm CXma Ñ{ï>H$moZ Ë`m_mJo hmoVm, Ë`mM~amo~a hr O_rZ {_imë`mda VoWo gwYmaUm H$ê$Z ñWmZmÀ`m gm¡§X`m©V ^aM nS>Uma hmoVr. `k-`mJmXr Jmoï>tgmR>r A{YH$ OmJm CncãY hmoUma hmoVr; hmhr {dMma hmoVm. AÝ`Wm lr~m~m§À`m ñWmZmVrc n¡ AZ² n¡ IM© H$aVmZm lr_hmamO {dcjU OmJê$H$ AgV. lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m ßcm°Q>darc MmirV amhmUmè`m ^mS>oH$ê§$gmR>r n`m©`r ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mMr (Ë`m§Zm Zdr {ZdmgñWmZo ~m§YyZ XoÊ`mMr) O~m~Xmarhr, IaoXr qH$_VrÀ`m A{V[aº$ åhUyZ CMcÊ`mMr V`mar XmI{dcr. `m _mJo Ë`m ^mS>oH$ê§$H$S>o ghmZw^yVrnyd©H$ nmhmÊ`mMmM Ñ{ï>H$moZ hmoVm. S>¸o $Z EÁ`wH$o eZ gmogm`Q>rÀ`m Ñï>rZo hm àñVmd gdm}Îm_ hmoVm. H$Xm{MV Vmo Ë`m§À`m Anojno j o m {H$VrVar cm^Xm`H$ R>acm Agoc. gd© Amdí`H$ Jmoï>tMr nyVV© m H$ê$Z {X.$4.5.1982 amoOr gXaMm ì`dhma nyU© hmoD$Z XñVEodO a{OñQ>a Pmcm. `m IaoXr ì`dhmam_wio S>o¸$Z EÁ`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>r_Yrc H$mhr cmoH$ \$ma g§Vá Pmco. hm ßcm°Q> gmogm`Q>rer g§~§{YV H$mhr cmoH$m§Zm, gmogm`Q>rVrc Amnco ñWmZ dmnê$Z ñdñVmV IaoXr H$am`Mm hmoVm. lr_hmamOm§EdT>r qH$_V qH$dm ñnYm©Ë_H$ qH$_V XoD$Z O_rZ IaoXr H$aÊ`mV Ë`m§Zm ag ZìhVm. AmnU gmogm`Q>rMo H$_©Mmar, Q´>ñQ>r dJ¡ao Agë`m_wio gdcVrÀ`m XamV Vr OmJm {_imdr hr Ë`m§Mr Iim§Mr Xw~w©Õr.. / 83

Anojm hmoVr. Aem ì`dhmam_wio gmogm`Q>rMo ZmhH$ ZwH$gmZ hmoB©c `mMr Ë`m§Zm {\$H$sa ZìhVr. g§ñWoÀ`m CËH$fm©gmR>r ñdV:Mo ñWmZ dmnaÊ`mEodOr, ñdV:À`m d¡`{º$H$ \$m`ÚmgmR>r g§ñWoMm dmna H$aÊ`mMr àd¥Îmr gd©Ì AmT>iVo. ho gd©OUhr AJXr hoM H$arV hmoVo. Pmcoë`m {dH«$s ì`dhmamV ImoS>m KmcÊ`mgmR>r lr._hmXod ~id§V ZmVy `m gmogm`Q>rÀ`m EH$m Q´>ñQ>tZr, àm.Eg.Eg.H$mio `m H$_©Mmè`mZo Am{U gmogm`Q>rMo Qr>qMJ ñQ>m\$ Agë`mMm Xmdm H$aUmè`m H$mhr _§S>itZr Ago EH§$Xa VrZ AO© M°[aQ>r H${_eZa _w§~B© `m§MoH$S>o 1982-83 gmcr Ho$co. hm ì`dhma g§e`mñnX pñWVrV Pmcm AgyZ Vmo gmogm`Q>rÀ`m {hVmMm Zmhr åhUyZ `m ì`dhmamg gmogm`Q>rcm nadmZJr ZmH$mamdr Aer `m AOm©Ûmao _mJUr H$aÊ`mV Amcr. ho Anwao dmQ>co åhUyZ H$s H$m`, nwÊ`mVrc n{VV nmdZ g§KQ>Zocm hmVmer Yê$Z {X. 5 {S>g|~a 1982 amoOr g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m àdoeÛmamg_moa añË`mda {ZXe©Zo KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mV Amcr. lr_hmamOm§À`m {déÕ J{cÀN> Am{U {edami ^mfoV añË`mda Ajae: {e_Jm H$aÊ`mV Amcm. lr_hmamO `m gmè`m àg§Jmcm YramoXmÎmnUo gm_moao Joco. 1984 gmcr Am°ŠQ>mo~a_Ü`o Om°BªQ> M°[aQ>r H${_eZa, nwUo `m§Mog_moa Mm¡H$er gwê$ Pmcr. haH$VXma _§S>itZm dmXr åhUyZ XmIc H$ê$Z KoÊ`mV Amco. Ë`m§Mo dH$sc åhUyZ _mOr S>oß`wQ>r M°[aQ>r H${_eZa lr.hþnarH$a ho H$m_ nmhmV hmoVo. `m doir EH$ _hÎdnyU© Aer Jmoï> KS>cr. nwÊ`mVrc EH$ »`mVZm_ Am{H©$Q>oŠQ> Am{U S>o¸$Z EÁ`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>rMo "n°Q´>Z _|~a' lr.dg§Vamd ~miH¥$îU Xoenm§S>o `m§Zr gXa Mm¡H$erÀ`m H$m_r ñdV:g njH$ma H$adyZ KoVco Am{U haH$VXma ho ñdV:Mm ñdmW© gmYÊ`mgmR>r Vr OmJm ñdñVmV nXamV nmSy>Z KoÊ`mgmR>r hm H$‚mm C^m H$arV AmhoV, ho Ë`m§Zr g§~§{YV nÌì`dhma dJ¡ao nwamdo gmXa H$ê$Z {gÕ Ho$co. lr.Xoenm§S>o `m§Mo à{VnmXZ EdT>o {~ZVmoS> hmoVo H$s haH$VXmam§Zr Xoenm§S>o `m§À`m CnpñWVrÀ`m doir H$moQ>m©V Vm|S>r nwamdm XoÊ`mgmR>r C^o amhmUo Q>mico. Om°BªQ> M°[aQ>r H${_eZa `m§Zr {X. 4.11.1985 amoOr `m IQ>ë`mMm {ZH$mc {Xcm. Ë`m {ZH$mcmV ñnï>nUo Z_yX H$aÊ`mV Amco hmoVo H$s, ìh°ë`wEeZ [anmoQ>©_Ü`o Ho$coë`m qH$_Vrnojm OmñV qH$_Vrg hm ì`dhma Pmcocm Amho. {edm` lr{dÇ>camd Omoer M°[aQ>rO Q´>ñQ>V\}$ XoÊ`mV Amcocr a¸$_ hr Amcoë`m Q>|S>g©_Yrc gdm©V OmñV a¸$_ Amho. hm gd© ì`dhma {Z{d©dmXnUo gmogm`Q>rgmR>r AË`§V {H$\$m`Vera Pmcocm Amho. `m {ZU©`m{déÕ ñW{JVr {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r haH$VXma hm`H$moQ>m©V Joco. VoWo Ë`m§Mm AO© Am{U Anrc \o$Q>miÊ`mV Amco Am{U gw{à_ H$moQ>m©V Anrc H$aÊ`mg nadmZJrhr ZmH$maÊ`mV Amcr. `m àH$aUr lr_hmamOm§Zm Iyn Ìmg Pmcm. _mÌ AIoarg hm ßcm°Q>hr Vmã`mV {_iyZ lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{Xam^modVr AmO {XgUmao, lrJwé:eaU_², `k-_§S>n AmXr XoIÊ`m B_maVr Am{U d¥jamOrZo ZQ>coco Amdma `WmdH$me {Z_m©U Pmco. D D D

84 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

àH$aU : 12

Xwdm©gZm Xwï>mM § r & Omdr {ZagmoZ && lr grVmam_~wdm `m§À`m _hm{Zdm©UmÀ`m Xwgè`m {Xder åhUOo {X. 19.1.1969 amoOr Ë`m§À`m nm{W©d Xohmda A§Ë`g§ñH$ma hmoÊ`mnydu lr_hmamOm§Zr S>oadU `oWrc ñWmZmMr ì`dñWm cmdÊ`mgmR>r S>oadUÀ`m J«m_ñWm§À`m gmjrZo "lrg§V grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a M°[aQ>o~c Q´>ñQ>' `m gmd©O{ZH$ Ý`mgmMr ñWmnZm Ho$cr hmoVr. nwÊ`mVrc lr~m~m§À`m ñWmZmÀ`m C^maUrg 1956 nmgyZM gwédmV Pmcr hmoVr Am{U lr_hmamO gd© eº$s nUmcm cmdyZ VoWo {d{dY CnH«$_ H$arV hmoVo; VgoM 1969 nmgyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr S>oadU `oWohr {d{dY H$m_m§Mm YS>mH$m cmdcm hmoVm. XmoÝhr {R>H$mUr _moR>çm à_mUmV {d{dY H$m`©H«$_ hmVr KoÊ`mV Amco hmoVo. _mÌ S>oadU `oWrc H$m`m©Mo ñdê$n nwÊ`mVrc H$m`m©nojm H$mhrgo {^Þ hmoVo. Ë`mMm AmdmH$m, VoWrc H$m`©nÕVr Am{U H$m`©joÌmMm narK ho nwÊ`mnojm doJio hmoVo. "lrg§V grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a Q´>ñQ>'Zo S>oadU n[agamV gwê$ Ho$coco gm_m{OH$ H$m`© åhUOo Xwgao {Vgao H$mhr Zìho Va H$ë`mUH$mar amÁ`mÀ`m g§H$ënZoV OoOo A{^àoV Amho Vo àË`jmV AmUÊ`mMm Vmo EH$ _hÎdmH$m§jr àH$ën hmoVm Am{U lr_hmamOm§Zr 1969-70 gmcr gwê$ Ho$coco Vo H$m`© AmOhr nyU© Omo_mZo Mmcy Amho. _mÌ `m Q´>ñQ>À`m dmQ>MmcrV 1980 Vo 1985-86 gmcmn`ªV lr_hmamOm§Zm Omo g§Kf© H$amdm cmJcm Ë`mMm B{Vhmg nmhÿ OmVm, ""CÕdm, AO~ VwPo gaH$ma'' AgoM åhUmdo cmJoc. ~moar, ~m^ir amZmo_mi \$mo\$mdV AgVmZm, lr_hmamO g_mOmgmR>r M§XZmMo amonQ>o cmdy nmhmV hmoVo Am{U Ë`mda Hw$R>mamKmV H$aUmè`m§Mo hmV Yam`cm nwT>o gagmdÊ`mEodOr, g_mO _wXm©S>nUo Vo nmhmV ~gcm hmoVm. Vmo B{Vhmg ŠcoeXm`r> Agcm Var, lr_hmamOm§Zm A{^àoV Aem "nwéfmWm©'Mm Vmo gdm}Îm_ AÜ`m` Amho Am{U åhUyZM Vmo nmœ©^y_rgh nmhmUo AË`§V Amdí`H$ Amho. S>oadUÀ`m dmcmdcH$a Q´>ñQ>Mo _w»` H$m`©joÌ åhUOo S>oadU, gmdS>m©, hS>H$Ur, H$m|S>_im Agm AmOy~mOyMm Vgm _mJmgcocm ^mJ. eoVr hmM _w»` ì`dgm`, nwaogm nmUrnwadR>m Zmhr, eoVrì`{V[aº$ _OwarMo \$mago CËnÞ Zmhr; Ë`m_wio ~hþg§»` cmoH$ AmOÀ`m gaH$mar ^mfoV gm§Jm`Mo Va Xm[aÐç aofoÀ`m Imcr OrdZ H§$R>Umao, AkmZr, {Zaja, A§YlÕmiy Am{U àWm na§naoÀ`m AmoÂ`mImcr X~coco ! gd© H$moH$UmVM Ë`m doir gm_m{OH$ n[apñWVr WmoS>çm\$ma \$aH$mZo Aer hmoVr. `m XwIÊ`mMo Zo_Ho$ {ZXmZ lr_hmamOm§Zr Ho$co hmoVo. cmoH$m§Mm Am{W©H$ ñVa C§Mmdm`cm hdm. Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm hmVr n¡gm `oB©c Agm amoOJma hdm. `oWo H$m_Jma {_iUma Vo \$º$ eoVr{df`H$ H$m_o OmUUmao. åhUyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr Q´>ñQ>V\}$ "_mJoc Ë`mcm H$m_' hr `moOZm gwê$ Ho$cr Am{U H$m_o H$moUVr Xwdm©gZm Xwï>m§Mr.. / 85

Úm`Mr `mMr VaVyX H$aÊ`mgmR>r Q´>ñQ>V\}$ _moR>çm à_mUmV eoVr gwê$ Ho$cr. lr_hmamO Zoh_rM H$mimÀ`m nwT>o hmoVo, Ho$di {dMmamZo Zìho Va H¥$VrZogwÕm ! H$moH$UmVrc eoVrMr gdmªV _moR>r CUrd åhUOo eoVH$è`mMr Or H$mhr WmoS>r\$ma O_rZ Agoc Vr chmZ chmZ VwH$S>çm§_Ü`o Jmd^a {dIwacocr AgVo. H$moUmMrhr eoVO_rZ EH$joÌr Zmhr. lr_hmamOm§Zr Q´>ñQ>Mr eoVrdmS>r EH$joÌr Ho$cr. Ë`mgmR>r doiàg§Jr AìdmÀ`m gìdm qH$_Vhr {Xcr. H$Yr H$moUmcm Ë`mÀ`m O{_ZrÀ`m ~Xë`mV XwßnQ>, {VßnQ> O_rZ {Xcr. Ë`m_wio {ed-g_W© JS>mÀ`m g^modma AmO Q´>ñQ>Mr gd© eoVrdmS>r gcJnUo ngacocr Amho. VwH$S>o~§XrMr _mohr_ gaH$maZo am~dcr Vr Ë`mZ§Va 8-10 dfmªZr Am{U Vrhr \$maer H$mQ>oH$moanUo A_cmV AmUcr Jocr ZmhrM ! ^anya nmD$g nS>Umè`m H$moH$UmV nmÊ`mMo Xw{^©j hm {damoYm^mg Iam; na§Vw Vr dñVwpñWVr Amho. nmUr O{_ZrV Z _waVm g_wÐmV dmhÿZ OmVo Am{U CÝhmù`mV {d{har cdH$a H$moaS>çm hmoVmV. lr_hmamOm§Zr H$mí`nr ZXrV dg§V ~§Ymam ~m§YÊ`mg cmoH$m§Zm CÚwº$ Ho$co Am{U S>oadUÀ`m Ë`m ZXrcm OmñV {Xdg nmUr amhÿ cmJco d JmdmVrc {d{hatMo nmUrgwÕm dmT>co. H$moH$UmV cmHy$S> Am{U H$moigm ì`mnmè`m§H$Sy>Z ~o~§X O§JcVmoS> Pmcr. OgOgo añVo ~m§YUrMo à_mU dmT>V Joco VgVgo O§JcmImcMo joÌ CKS>o nS>V Joco. Ë`m_wio O{_ZrMr Yyn hmoV Jocr. ImS>çm§_Ü`o, ZÚm§_Ü`o Jmi gmMcm. lr_hmamOm§Zr d¥jg§dY©ZmMo _hÎd AmoiIyZ {d{dY àH$maÀ`m PmS>m§Mr _moR>çm à_mUmda cmJdS> Am{U OmonmgZm Ho$cr. gm_m{OH$ dZrH$aUmMo H$m_ gaH$maZo nwT>o 20 dfmªZr hmVr KoVco, na§Vw cmJdS>rV O¡d-d¡{dÜ` Zgë`m_wio, n`m©daUmgmR>r Vo {H$VnV Cn`wº$ Amho `m {df`rÀ`m e§H$m§Mo {ZamH$aU AOyZ Pmcoco ZmhrM ! d¥jg§nÎmrMr OnUyH$ Am{U g§dY©Z H$aÊ`mÀ`m ~m~VrV lr_hmamO A{Ve` Xj AgV. S>oadU n[agamV AZoH$ JmdmVyZ Q´>ñQ>V\}$ {d{har, Hy$nZ{cH$m ImoXÊ`mV Amë`m qH$dm Ë`mgmR>r _XV XoÊ`mV Amcr. {dH$V AmUyZ Q>§MmB©J«ñV Jmdm§Zm Q>±H$aZo nmUr nwadÊ`mMo H$m_ dfm©Zwdf} Q´>ñQ>V\}$ H$aÊ`mV `oVo, Ë`m H$m_mV AOyZ I§S> nS>cocm Zmhr. AñdÀN> nmÊ`m_wio `m ^mJmV Zmê$ amoJmMo à_mU Iyn hmoVo. Q´>ñQ>Zo Q>±H$aÛmao ñdÀN> nmUrnwadR>m gwê$ Ho$cm Am{U hm amoJ AmQ>moŠ`mV Amcm. S>oadU `oWo Q´>ñQ>Zo AmR>dS>çmVyZ XmoZ doim d¡ÚH$r` godm CncãY H$ê$Z {Xcr, cmoH$m§Zm {edU`§Ìo {Xcr, Kam§gmR>r H$m¡co {Xcr, eoVrgmR>r qH$dm XyYXw^Ë`mgmR>r Jm`r, ~¡c {Xco, H$_r qH$_Vr_Ü`o YmÝ` Am{U BVa OrdZmdí`H$ dñVy {Xë`m, eoVH$è`m§Zm AdOmao {Xcr, Km|JS>çm {Xë`m, emim§Zm døm, nwñVHo$, JUdof nwadco; B_maVr ~m§YyZ {Xë`m, e¡j{UH$ gm{hË`, IoimMo gm{hË` {Xco, _wcm§Zm {eî`d¥Î`m {Xë`m, _§{Xam§Mo OrUm}Õma Ho$co, AS>MUrÀ`m {R>H$mUr gmH$d, nyc ~m§Yco, Am{U Ago Mm¡\o$a H$m_ H$arV AgVmZm _moR>çm à_mUmda cmoH$m§Zm amoOJma CncãY H$ê$Z {Xcm. gmdS>} JmdmV 1980 nydu {Xdgmbm 2Ÿ.50 Vo 3 én`o _Owar hmoVr Am{U _wgc_mZ _mohëë`mV Va _Owamcm \$º$ 200 én`o A§Jmda XoD$Z EH$ df©^a Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z H$m_ H$ê$Z KoÊ`mV `oV Ago. Ë`m 86 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

doir gaH$mar _OwarMm Xa én`o 5.20 à{V{XZ EdT>m hmoVm. Q´>ñQ>_Ü`o _mÌ nwéfm§Zm {Xdgmcm gmV én`o Va pñÌ`m§Zm ghm én`o _OwarnmoQ>r XoÊ`mV `oV AgV. {edm` gUmgwXrÀ`m, CËgdmÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo H$mnS>-MmonS>, AÝ` _XV ^anya {_iV Ago. Ë`m_wio VoWrc JmoaJar~m§Mo hmVr A{YH$ n¡gm `oD$ cmJcm. Jar~ OZVoMo emofU Wm§~co. _wgc_mZm§H$S>o JhmU nS>coë`m Amnë`m O{_Zr Vo gmoS>dyZ KoD$ cmJco. Q´>ñQ>H$S>o _Owam§Mm AmoK gwê$ Pmcm Am{U n[aUm_ ñdê$n _wñcr_ Am{U AÝ` O_rZXmam§Zm _Owarcm, KaH$m_mcm, eoVrcm JS>r_mUgo {_iUo H$R>rU hmoD$ cmJco. Ë`mM doir AZoH$ A{Zï> OwÝ`mnwamÊ`m àWm§Zm lr_hmamOm§Zr \$mQ>m {Xcm. nydu JmdmVrc lr _mZmB© XodrÀ`m XodimMr emH$maUr Pmë`m{edm` AÝ` H$moUmcm Amnco Ka emH$maVm `oV ZìhVo. _mZH$è`m§À`m _OuZwgma XodmMr H$m_o hmoUma ! Voìhm {dc§~ Pmë`mg, JmoaJ[a~m§Mr emH$maUr doioda ìhm`Mr Zmhr Am{U nmD$g cdH$a gwê$ Pmbm Va Ë`m§MoM ZwH$gmZ ìhm`Mo. lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m Xodimda H$m¡co KmcyZ `m AS>MUrVyZ gdmªMr gwQ>H$m Ho$cr. nm¡fmV H$di VmoS>Ur gwê$ H$aÊ`mnydu, JmdmV\}$ ImoV, _mZH$ar `m§Zr Xodmcm Zmai {Xë`m{edm` H$moUmcmhr H$di VmoS>m`Mr nadmZJr ZìhVr. Zmai doioda {Xcm Zmhr H$s gmè`m JmdmMr H$di VmoS>Ur Wm§~yZ amhm`Mr. lr_hmamOm§Zr JmdÀ`m XodmÀ`m Zmdo Úm`Mm Zmai ñdV:M, ñdV:À`m eoVmV XoD$Z JmdmMr dmQ> Z nmhmVm H$di VmoS>m`cm gwédmV Ho$cr. Xa a{ddmar "nmirMm a{ddma' åhUyZ, Va H$Yr A_mdñ`m, H$Yr AmfmT>r Aem {Z{_ÎmmZo gmè`m JmdMo H$m_ ~§X R>odco Om`Mo. Aem Jmoï>r H$_©`moJr lr_hmamOm§Zm _mÝ` hmoUo eŠ`M ZìhVo. Q´>ñQ>_Ü`o Aem H$maUmZo H$Yr H$m_o Wm§~cr ZmhrV. `m gd© Jmoï>t_wio Q´>ñQ> Am{U lr_hmamO `m§Mo dmT>Vo _hÎd n[agamVrc nwT>mar, _mZH$ar, ImoV, O_rZXma `m§À`m S>moù`mV Iwny cmJco. `mM nÕVrZo Am{U JVrZo Q´>ñQ>Mo H$m`© Mmcy am{hco Va Amncr g§ñWmZo cdH$aM Imcgm Pmë`m{edm` amhmUma ZmhrV `mMr Ë`m§Zm ImÌr nQ>cr. AZoH$ df} g_mOOrdZmV KÅ> nmio_wio amodyZ g_mOmMo aº$emofU H$aUmar; ê$T>r, àWm, na§nam `m§Mm Ho$di Xwê$n`moJ H$ê$Z AS>mUr, A{e{jV, JmoaJar~ OZVocm Amnë`m Jwcm_rV OISy>Z R>odUmar hr "ì`dñWm' IS>~Sy>Z OmJr Pmcr Am{U H$moUË`mhr _mJm©Zo, H$moUVrhr qH$_V XoD$Z, H$moUË`mhr gmYZmZo, Q´>ñQ> Am{U lr_hmamO `m§Zm S>oadU n[agamVyZ CISy>Z Q>mH$Ê`mgmR>r H§$~a H$gyZ g‚m Pmcr. gVV 5 Vo 6 df} hm g§Kf© Mmcy hmoVm. Ë`mcm Vm|S> \w$Q>co Vo EH$m gmÜ`mem KQ>ZoZo ! lr_hmamOm§Zr "eoarMm _mi' `oWo gw_mao 15 EH$a O_rZ, VoWo gwg‚m hm°pñnQ>c C^maÊ`mgmR>r KoVcr hmoVr. Oa àñVm{dV é½Umc` Am{U amoJ{ZXmZ H|$Ð VoWo AmH$mamg Amco Va lr_hmamOm§Mr H$sVu A{YH$M dmT>oc Am{U Amncm à^md H$_r hmoB©c ho AmoiIyZ JmoqdX {ZH$_ Am{U B~«mhr_ _moS>H$ `m§Zr gXaMr OmJm hr gmd©O{ZH$ hmoir noQ>dÊ`mMr OmJm Amho Agm AnàMma Mmc{dcm. cmoH$ Xwdm©gZm Xwï>m§Mr.. / 87

Ë`mcm ~ir nS>co Am{U Omo`erdmS>rVrc J«m_ñWm§Zr eoarÀ`m _mimda {X. 25.2.1980 amoOr hmoir noQ>{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm; na§Vw Amncr MyH$ C_OyZ Xwgè`mM {Xder {X. 26 \o$~«wdmarcm lr.Aßnm _mo{hao `m§Zm ~amo~a KoD$Z Vo lr_hmamOm§H$S>o Amco Am{U Ë`m§Zr Q´>ñQ>À`m Pmcoë`m ZwH$gmZr~Ôc _m\$s _m{JVcr. Oar cmoH$m§Zr Amncr MyH$ H$~yc H$ê$Z hm {df` VoWoM g§ndcm hmoVm, Var S>oadU Q´>ñQ>{déÕ g§Kf© H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$maU emoYV Agcoë`m nwT>mè`m§Zm hr g§Yr hmVMr OmD$ Úm`Mr ZìhVr. XmoZ _mM© 1980 amoOr JmoqdX {ZH$_ Am{U B~«mhr_ _moS>H$ `m§Zr gmdS>çm©Vrc J«m_X¡dV lrXod Ho$XmaZmW _§{XamV g^m ~mocmdyZ d Zmai R>odyZ gmdS>çm©Vrc cmoH$m§Zr Q´>ñQ>da ~{hîH$ma KmVë`mMo Omhra Ho$co. Omo H$moUr Q´>ñQ>er g§~§Y R>odoc Ë`mcm ~{hîH¥$V H$aÊ`mV `oB©c Ago gmdS>} JmdMo _yi _mbH$, ImoV (MìhmU) `m§Zr Omhra Ho$co. gmdS>çm©Vrc gmR>-gÎma _mUgm§Mo nmoQ> Q´>ñQ>_Yrc H$m_mda Adc§~yZ hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm n`m©`r amoOJma H$moU XoUma `mMm {dMma H$aÊ`mV Amcocm ZìhVm. `m g^oV lr.AßnmeoQ> _mo{hao, lr.{dœZmW e|~oH$a `m§Zm "Jmd qH$dm Q´>ñQ>' `mn¡H$s EH$mMrM {ZdS> Vwåhmcm H$amdr cmJoc Ago gm§JÊ`mV Amco; Voìhm Ë`m§Zr _mÌ Amåhr Q´>ñQ>~amo~aM AmhmoV Ago R>m_nUo gm§{JVco. `m KQ>ZoÀ`m Xwgè`mM {Xder åhUOo VrZ _mM©cm lr_hmamO ghmUoda nmcIrÀ`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Joco. XodmMr nyOm H$ê$Z dñÌo, lr\$i, nmgmoS>çm dJ¡ao An©U Ho$ë`m. Aem doir JmdH$a Xodmcm JmèhmUo KmcyZ gm§JVmo H$s, "hr nyOm _mÝ` H$ê$Z Ko Am{U VwÂ`m `m ^º$mMm gm§^mi H$a !' `m doir _mÌ JmdH$amZo lr_hmamOm§Mo JmèhmUo Xodmcm KmcÊ`mg ImoVmMm hþHy$_ Zgë`mZo Vmo Vgo H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr Ago gm§{JVco. lr_hmamO åhUmco, "_mPr nyOm Xodmcm An©U H$aÊ`mMo R>a{dco, VoìhmM Vr Xodmcm _mÝ` Pmcr Amho.' _J lr_hmamOm§Zr [aVrà_mUo JmdH$a, Jwad, T>moc dmO{dUmam VgoM AÝ` CnpñWV cmoH$m§Zm 10-10 én`o {Xco. Vo Ë`m§Zr àgmX åhUyZ ñdrH$maco. gmdS>} JmdmZo KmVcoë`m ~{hîH$mam~m~V Q´>ñQ>V\}$ {X. 7.3.1980 amoOr àm§V Am°{\$ga `m§MoH$S>o EH$ AO© H$aÊ`mV Amcm. "{àìhoÝeZ Am°\$ EŠg H$å`w{ZHo$eZ' `m H$m`ÚmImcr g§~§{YVm§da H$madmB©Mr _mJUr `m AOm©Ûmao H$aÊ`mV Amcr. na§Vw Ë`m AOm©Mm H$mhrM Cn`moJ Pmcm Zmhr. ~hþVoH$ doim gÎmmYmar njmMo ZoVo Am{U ZmoH$aehm nañnam§Mo {hVg§~§Y OnV Amnco ì`dhma H$arV AgVmV. EH$mM ZmÊ`mÀ`m Ë`m XmoZ ~mOy AgVmV. Ë`m_wio gaH$mar `§ÌUoH$Sy>Z Ý`m` {_iÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm \$maM H$_r AgVo. MidirMo gm_Ï`© XmI{dë`m{edm` gaH$mar `§ÌUoVyZ `mo½` {ZU©` {_iV ZgVmo. 1980À`m AmJo_mJo S>oadU Q—>ñQ>À`m g§X^m©V (Am{U nwÊ`mVrc lr~m~m _hmamOm§À`m ñWmZmÀ`m g§X^m©VgwÕm) lr_hmamOm§À`m {damoYmV AZoH$ Xwï> J«hm§Mr `wVr Pmcr hmoVr. `oD$ KmVcoë`m dmXimMr Xw:{MÝho {Xgy cmJcr hmoVr. g_mOmVrc Xwï> eº$s ghOnUo g§K{Q>>V hmoVmV Am{U g_mOmÀ`m CËWmZmgmR>r 88 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

H$m`© H$aUmè`m g‚mZm§À`m _mJm©V AS>Wio {Z_m©U H$aVmV. Mm§Jë`m H$m`m©Mm Zme H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$moUË`mhr Wamcm OmVmV. _mÌ g_mOmVrc _moR>m dJ© `m gmè`m Jmoï>tH$S>o {ZpîH«$`nUo nmhmV ~gVmo. g§Kfm©Mo Mma MQ>Ho$ AmnUmg ~gy Z`oV åhUyZ A{cßV amhmVmo. "_cm H$m` Ë`mMo ?' Aem d¥ÎmrZo dmJVmo Am{U åhUyZM XwO©Zm§Zm dmQ>oc Vo AË`mMma H$aÊ`mg ~i {_iVo. g_mOmVrc Am¡Xm{gÝ`m_wio Am{U nS>ImD$ d¥Îmr_wio Xwï>m§Mo _Zgw~o gmYVmV Am{U g‚mZm§Mr {dQ>§~Zm hmoVo. nwamUH$mir amOg^oV ñÌrMr {dQ>§~Zm Pmcr Am{U AmO Vr ^a añË`mV qH$dm aoëdoÀ`m S>ã`mV hmoVo, Vr Aem _wXm©S> _Zm§À`m gmjrZo. na§Vw _aJicoë`m, {ZpîH«$` g_mOmcm JXJXm hcdyZ Ë`mMo nm¡éf OmJo H$ê$Z XwîQ>m§Zm emgZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r B©œar `moOZoZoM `wJmZw`wJo AdVmar {d^yVr {Z_m©U hmoV AgVmV Am{U `m n¥ÏdrMm Vmoc gm§^miV AgVmV. AemM AdVmar nwéfmMr ñ_¥Vr g_mO_ZmV OmJdyZ, Ë`mMm nwéfmW© OmJ¥V H$aÊ`mgmR>r lr_hmamO S>oadU `oWo {edg¥ï>rMo ñdßZ nmhmV hmoVo Am{U g_mOmVrc gwï>eº$s¨À`m {ZpîH«$`VodaM Á`m§Mo amOH$maU Adc§~yZ Amho, Ago cmoH$ gmh{OH$M lr_hmamOm§À`m H$m`m©cm ZI cmdy nmhmV hmoVo. na§Vw lr_hmamOgwÕm "^Jd§VmMo A{Yð>mZ' KoD$ZM `m g§Kfm©V CVaco hmoVo Am{U nwT>rc H$mhr H$mi hm gV²-AgV²_Yrc gZmVZ g§Kf© S>oadUÀ`m ^y_rda nwÝhm EH$Xm a§JUma hmoVm. `oD$ KmVcoë`m g§Kfm©Mr OmVHw$ir ñnîQ> H$aUmar EH$ KQ>Zm Ë`m _mM© _{hÝ`mVrc {e_½`mÀ`m {XdgmV Pmcr Am{U {VMo H${dËd _mÌ nwT>o AZoH$ {Xdg JmOco. dmgwXod cú_U ~Zo hm Xhm-~mam dfmªMm _wcJm _mM©À`m AmR> VmaIocm Q´>ñQ>À`m eoVmVrc H$qcJS>o MmoaVmZm gmnS>cm. Ë`mcm gan§M Am{U nmocrg nmQ>rc `m§À`m hdmcr H$ê$Z lr_hmamOm§Zr, Ë`mÀ`m ~m~VrV H$m` Vmo {ZU©` Ë`m§ZrM H$amdm Ago gm§{JVco. _wcmMo AmB©-dS>rc h`mV ZìhVo; Ë`m_wio Ë`mMo nmcH$Ëd MwcË`mH$S>oM hmoVo. gan§M d nmocrg nmQ>rc `m§Zr Ë`m _wcmÀ`m MwcË`mg g_O {Xcr. Ë`mZ§Va Ë`m _wcmcm nmo{cgm§H$adr [a_m§S> hmo__Ü`o aËZm{Jarcm nmR>{dÊ`mMo R>aco. ~ZoÀ`m ZmVodmBH$m§Zr Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o H$mhrM cj {Xco Zmhr. ~Zocm nmo{cgm§Zr 9 _mM© 1980 amoOr [a_m§S> hmo__Ü`o nmR>{dco Am{U 10 _mM©cm dmgwXod ~Zo VoWyZ Jm`~ Pmcm. Xaå`mZ {ZdS>UwH$m§Mr "YwidS>' gwê$ Pmcr. Q´>ñQ>{damoYr _mohr_ CKS>Umao JmoqdX {ZH$_, {MniyU _VXma g§KmV H$m±J«ogÀ`m {V{H$Q>mda {ZdS>UyH$ cT>dy BpÀN>V hmoVo. {V{H$Q> {_imco Zmhr åhUyZ njÐmoh H$ê$Z Vo Anj åhUyZ C^o am{hco. {ZdS>UwH$m _o 1980 _Ü`o hmoË`m. àMma g^oV àjmo^H$ ^mfoV, dmgwXod ~ZoMo "Jm`~' hmoUo hm _hÎdmMm _wÔm ~Z{dÊ`mV Amcm. ""dmgwXod ~Zocm Q´>ñQ>Zo R>ma _maco, JmSy>Z Q>mH$co, ^y{_nwÌmMm emoY ¿`m'' Agm ~ocJm_ AmaS>mAmoaS>m gwê$ Pmcm. {MniyUÀ`m "gmJa' `m X¡{ZH$mZohr `m AgË` àMmamÀ`m gZgZmQ>r ~mVå`m XoD$Z Amncm In dmT>{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm. `m X¡{ZH$mMo _mcH$ Am{U g§nmXH$ EZ².E_².Omoer ho Aem g^m§Zm AmdOy©Z hOa AgV. Xwdm©gZm Xwï>m§Mr.. / 89

"gmJa'À`m 1 E{àc 1980 À`m A§H$mV Q´>ñQ>~Ôc AË`§V ZrMnUmMo Amamon H$aÊ`mV Amco. 6 E{àc amoOr nwÝhm Jai AmoH$Ê`mV Amco. Q´>ñQ>Zo {Xcocm Iwcmgm N>mnÊ`mg ZH$ma XoD$Z X¡{ZH$ gmJaZo d¥ÎmnÌZr{VMohr VrZ-Voam dmOdco. eodQ>r 8 E{àcÀ`m A§H$mV Q´>ñQ>Zo Amncm Iwcmgm Om{hamV åhUyZ N>mnyZ AmUcm. EdT>m AmQ>m{nQ>m H$ê$ZgwÕm {ZH$_ {ZdS>UwH$sV gneoc nam^yV Pmco. _hmamï´> àXoe H$m±J«ogÀ`m njmÜ`jm lr_Vr ào_cmVmB© MìhmU `m§Zr {ZH$_ `m§Mr njmVyZ hH$mcnÅ>r Ho$cr. {X. 18 _o 1980 amoOr S>oadU JmdmVrc VWmH${WV à{V{ð>V ZmJ[aH$m§Zr lrXod Ho$Xma~mOrÀ`m _§{XamV Xodmg_moa Zmai R>odyZ, Q´>ñQ>cm ~{hîH¥$V Ho$co. H$moH$UmV JmdÀ`m XodimV Zmai R>odyZ EImÚmcm ~{hîH¥$V H$aUo hr _moR>r J§^ra ~m~ AgVo. dmñV{dH$ S>oadU hm Jmd _yiMm MìhmUm§Mm; na§Vw Ë`m JmdmV Z§Va Amcoë`m JwOa Am{U amOo{eH}$ `m§Zr XodñWmZMm H$ãOm d BVa A{YH$ma AmnUmH$S>o KoD$Z MìhmUm§Zm Zm_moha_ Ho$co. VoM JwOa Am{U amOo{eH}$ Zmai R>odÊ`mV nwT>o hmoVo. dmñV{dH$ MìhmU VgoM JwOa-amOo{eH}$ `m§À`mV lr_hmamOm§Zr S>mdo-COdo H$mhr Ho$co ZìhVo. Hy$nZ{cH$m XmoKm§Zmhr {Xë`m hmoË`m. MìhmUm§À`m {dÇ>c _§{Xamà_mUoM amOo{eŠ`mªÀ`m lrXod Ho$Xma~mOr _§{XamMmhr OrUm}Õma Ho$cm hmoVm. _mÌ MìhmU Q´>ñQ>{df`r Zoh_rM H¥$Vk am{hco Am{U Q´>ñQ>cm ~{hîH¥$V H$aÊ`mMm Zmai R>odë`mda "Q´>ñQ>_Yrc OZmdam§Zm AmO nmUr H$moU XoUma !' Aer JO©Zm H$ê$Z e§H$aamd JwOa Q´>ñQ>_Yrc _wŠ`m OZmdam§MrgwÕm H$m|S>r H$ê$ nmhmV hmoVo. `m gd© J«m_rU amOH$maUmV Jar~ Hw$U~r, Vocr, Jwad, Jdir, gwVma Agm H$ï>H$ar dJ© _mÌ hdmc{Xc Pmcm hmoVm. Q´>ñQ>Mo H$m`© gwê$ Pmco Voìhm `m g_mOmcm Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm ñdmdc§~r H$aUo hm EH$ _hÎdmMm H$m`©H«$_ Q´>ñQ>Zo hmVr KoVcm hmoVm. _mJrc 10-12 dfmª_Ü`o Q´>ñQ>Zo Ë`m§Zm AZoH$ àH$mao gmhmæ` Ho$co hmoVo. Q´>ñQ>À`m {d{dY CnH«$_mV _Owar H$aUmè`m JmoaJar~ OZVocm {Z`{_VnUo Xa gmo_dmar AmR>dS>çmÀ`m H$m_mMm _mo~Xcm hmVr {_iV hmoVm. _OwarMo Xa Mm§Jco hmoVo. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zm Jocr H$mhr df} gwImZo g§gma H$aVm `oV hmoVm. AS>rAS>MUrÀ`m doir Q´>ñQ> Amnë`m nmR>rer C^m Amho `mMr Ë`m§Zm ImÌr hmoVr. _mÌ AMmZH$ cmXÊ`mV Amcoë`m ~{hîH$mamÀ`m {ZU©`m_wio Ë`m§À`m CnOr{dHo$Mm _mJ©M ~§X Pmcm. g_mOmVrc hm dJ© Oar eoVH$ar Agcm Var Ë`m§Mo eoVrnmgyZMo {_iUmao CËnÞ AË`§V ZJÊ` hmoVo. Iao Va Vo eoV_OyaM hmoVo. Q´>ñQ>_Ü`o _Owarcm Om`Mr ~§Xr KmcÊ`mV Amë`mda AMmZH$ Ë`m§Mm amoOJma Zmhrgm Pmcm. Vo ^m§~mdyZ Joco. _mÌ JmdnwT>mè`m§À`m X§S>ocrcm {damoY H$aÊ`mEdT>o Vo g§K{Q>V ZìhVo Am{U `m ~{hîH$mam_wio hmoUmè`m XyaJm_r n[aUm_m§{df`r OmJê$H$hr ZìhVo. Varhr H$mhr OU Q´>ñQ>À`m H$m_mda `oVM hmoVo. na§Vw ~{hîH$ma Q>mH$Umè`m cmoH$m§H$Sy>Z hmoUmè`m Ìmgm_wio Ooìhm OJUo AJXr Agø Pmco Voìhm S>moù`mV nmUr AmUyZ Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Mm {Zamon KoVcm. lr_hmamOm§Zm Ë`m JmoaJ[a~m§Mr Agmhmæ` AdñWm g_OV hmoVr. _mÌ Ë`m§Zr g§K{Q>V ìhmdo, OwÝ`m 90 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

OmMH$ ê$T>tZm {Vcm§Ocr Úmdr Am{U Amnë`m h¸$m§H$[aVm Y¡`m©Zo C^o amhmdo Aer _hmamOm§Mr Anojm hmoVr. JmdnwT>mè`m§Mo Owc_r hþHy$_, _Z_mZr Ë`m§Zr PwJmê$Z Úmdr Am{U VmR> _mZoZo, {Z^©`nUo Q´>ñQ>À`m H$m_mV gh^mJr ìhmdo Ago lr_hmamOm§Zm dmQ>V hmoVo. na§Vw Vgo Y¡`© _moOŠ`mM cmoH$m§Zr XmI{dco. S>oadUÀ`m XmoÝhr MìhmUdmS>rVrc cmoH$m§Zr Q´>ñQ>_Ü`o nyd©dV H$m_mda `oUo Mmcy R>odyZ Q´>ñQ>À`m H$m`m©Mr ~yO R>odcr. Ë`m doir lr{ed-g_W© _§{XamMo H$m_ Mmcy hmoVo Am{U {H$ëë`mÀ`m H$m_mcmhr Mm§Jcr JVr Amcr hmoVr. _Owam§Mr _moR>çm à_mUmda Amdí`H$Vm AgVmZmM ~{hîH$mamMm {ZU©` Pmcm hmoVm. na§Vw Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§Zr S>J_JyZ Z OmVm, S>hmUy n[agamVrc Vimgar, Am§~ogar, dH$mg `m ^mJmVyZ XmoZ-AS>rMeo Am{Xdmgr ~m§Ydm§Zm `m H$m_mgmR>r AmUco. "lr{ed-g_W© JS>' hm lr_hmamOm§Mm EH$ AË`§V _hÎdmH$m§jr àH$ën hmoVm. d`mÀ`m ~mamì`m dfm©nmgyZ nm{hcoco Vo A{V^ì` Ago ñdßZ hmoVo. lr{edam` ho Ë`m§Mo X¡dV hmoVo. N>ÌnVr lr{edmOr _hmamO hm gmè`m ^maVdfm©Mm _mZq~Xy Amho. Ë`m§Mo ñdamï´>-ñdY_© ào_, Ë`m§Mo {ZîH$c§H$ Mm[aÍ`, Ë`m§Mo _hmZ amOH$s` H$V¥©Ëd, Ë`m§Mo AOmoS> aUH$m¡eë`, àOm gwIr ìhmdr åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr dm{hcocr H$miOr Ago gmao {edM[aÌmMo n¡cy CcJSy>Z XmI{dUmar {edg¥ï>r Ë`m§Zm gmH$ma H$am`Mr hmoVr. S>oadU `oWo nwaoer V`mar Pmcr Amho, Aer ImÌr hmoVmM Ë`m§Zr `m àH$ënmMm ercmÝ`mg Ho$cm hmoVm. lr{edmOr _hmamOm§Mo EH$ gw§Xa _§{Xa ~m§Ym`Mo Am{U Ë`mMo ^modVr EH$ {H$ëë`mMr ^ì` n«{VH¥$Vr C^mê$Z VoWo {edM[aÌmVrc R>iH$ àg§J nwVù`m§À`m gmhmæ`mZo C^o H$am`Mo Ago `m {edñ_maH$mMo ñdê$n lr_hmamOm§Zr `mo{Oco hmoVo. Jmoì`mVrc à»`mV _yVuH$ma lr.XmXm nmQ>H$a, Ë`m§Mm _wcJm àH$me Am{U nwVÊ`m AmË_mam_ `m§Zr PnmQ>çmZo `m H$m_mcm gwédmV Ho$cr hmoVr Am{U Zo_H$s hrM doi {damoYH$m§Zr {ZdSy>Z `m H$m`m©V ImoS>m KmcÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm. _mÌ lr_hmamOm§Zr gd© H$m_o {Z`mo{OV doimnÌH$mà_mUo Mmcy R>odcr. S>oadU_Yrc `m g§Kfm©cm nmœ©^y_r {_imcr hmoVr Vr A{V^ì` Aem {edg¥ï>rÀ`m {Z{_©VrMr `m nmíd©^y_rda lr_hmamOm§Mo _moR>onU Am{U {damoYH$m§Mr jwÐ H$mañWmZo R>iH$nUo cmoH$m§g_moa Amcr. gmo_m ~m~y {Z_©c hm S>oadU `oWo VcmR>r H$m`m©c`mV {enmB© hmoVm. Q´>ñQ>À`m ~mOyZo gmj {Xcr åhUyZ {X.$6.4.1980 amoOr Jmdg^oV YZmOr JwOa `m§Zr Ë`mcm n§Mdrg én`o X§S> R>moR>mdcm. `m g_m§Va "Ý`m`XmZ' `§ÌUo{déÕ Ë`mZo {MniyUÀ`m Vh{gcXmam§H$S>o VH«$ma AO© {Xcm. na§Vw Vh{gcXma H$m`m©c`mH$Sy>Z "hr ImgJr ñdê$nmMr ~m~ Agë`m_wio H$mhr H$aVm `oV Zmhr' Ago H$i{dÊ`mV Amco. emgH$s` `§ÌUoV S>moù`mda H$mVS>o AmoTy>Z _wXm©S>nUo H$go {ZU©` KooÊ`mV `oVmV ho `m àg§JmV R>iH$nUo {XgyZ Amco. AZoH$ doim emgH$s` `§ÌUm Yg_wgù`m nwT>mè`m§À`m X~mdmZo Ë`m§Mr ~Q>rH$ åhUyZ dmdaVo. gË`-AgË`, Ý`m`-AÝ`m` `m{df`r nyU© ~o{\$H$sa ~ZVo. g§doXZmhrZ ~ZVo. Q´>ñQ>cm `m ^rfU dmñVdmcm `mnwT>o dma§dma gm_moao Omdo cmJUma hmoVo. Xwdm©gZm Xwï>m§Mr.. / 91

{X. 3.8.1980 amoOr {ZH$_ Am{U _moS>H$ `m XwH$crZo gmdS>} JmdmVrc H$mhr _wgc_mZm§Zm hmVmer Yê$Z Q´>ñQ>_Yrc lrhZw_mZ _§{Xamda _moMm© H$mTy>Z h„m MT>{dcm. hm h„m OUy gaH$ma_mÝ` H$m`©H«$_M hmoVm Ago åhUm`cm hdo H$maU nmo{cgm§Zm nyd©H$ënZm AgyZhr Ë`m§Zr Q´>ñQ>cm gmdY Ho$co Zmhr. {edm` S>r.dm`.Eg.nr. dmK, nmocrg Cn{ZarjH$ EZ.Amo.nmQ>rc, àm§V Am°{\$ga lr.gmd§V, Vh{gcXma lr.d¡e§nm`Z ho CKS> CKS> h„oImoam§Zm _XV H$arV hmoVo. gaH$mar A{YH$mè`m§Zr Y_H$mdyZ _§{XamMm qXS>r XadmOm CKS>Ê`mg ^mJ nmS>co Am{U Ë`m§À`m CnpñWVrV eoH$gmZ, {McdmZ, {dîUy gmdS>}H$a `m cmoH$m§Zr lr_méVr _§{XamVrc nyOm CYicr. Q´>ñQ>À`m eoVrMo ~m§Y, JS>Jo `m cmoH$m§Zr \$moS>co. ^mVeoVrMr ZmgYyg Ho$cr. "_moMm©'À`m ZmdmImcr hm gd© àH$ma H$aÊ`mV Amcm. O_mdm_Ü`o gmdS>çm©Vrc _wgc_mZ _moR>çm g§»`oZo gm_rc Pmco hmoVo. S>oadU Q´>ñQ>À`m H$m`m©_wio qhXy g§KQ>Z hmoV hmoVo, Ë`m_wio _wgc_mZ g_mOmMm Q´>ñQ>da amJ hmoVmM ! Ë`m§Zm Am`Vr g§Yr MmcyZ Amcr. H$mhr qhXy§MrM _XV Am{U {edm` nmo{cgm§Mo g§ajU ! S>r.dm`.Eg.nr. dmK amOH$s` XS>nUmcm ~ir nS>co Am{U Amnco H$V©ì` {dgaco. Xaå`mZ, [a_m§S> hmo__YyZ nimcocm dmgwXod ~Zo gßQ>o§~a 1980À`m gw_mamg B~«mhr_ _moS>H$À`m Kar gmnS>cm. nmo{cgm§Zr VoWoM Ë`mcm AQ>H$ Ho$cr. Á`m ~Zocm "Q´>ñQ>Zo R>ma _maco' Agm ZrM àMma {ZH$_, _moS>H$ `m§Zr Ho$cm Vmo ~Zo Zo_H$m _moS>H$ `m§À`m Kar gmnS>cm. `mdê$Z Ë`mcm [a_m§S> hmo__YyZ Jm`~ H$aÊ`mV _moS>H$MoM H$mañWmZ hmoVo ho {gÕ hmoVo. {X.$12 {S>g|~a 1980 amoOr ghmUoda (hmoir gmd©O{ZH$arË`m gmOar H$aÊ`mMr OmJm, OoWo JmdMr nmcIr hmoirÀ`m {XdgmV ~g{dcocr AgVo) {ZH$_ Am{U _moS>H$ `m§Zr EH$ g^m Am`mo{OV Ho$cr. g^oV XmoKm§Mr ^mfUo Pmcr. "AmVm hmoir nm¡{U©_m Odi Amcr Amho. `m hmoirV Q´>ñQ>MrgwÕm hmoir H$aÊ`mMm g§H$ën H$aÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho ' Aer {MWmdUr g^oV XoÊ`mV Amcr Am{U {X. 25 {S>g|~acm Q´>ñQ>À`m AmdmamVrc JdV Am{U n|T>çmÀ`m gmR>çmcm AmJ cmdÊ`mV Amcr. Q´>ñQ>_Yrc 60-70 Jwamdmgam§Zm df©^a nwaoc EdT>o JdV Ho$di Xwï>~wÕrZo OmiyZ Q>mH$Ê`mV Amco. Q´>ñQ>darc amJ AmVm _wŠ`m OZmdam§dagwÕm H$mT>Ê`mV `oV hmoVm. lr_hmamOm§À`m A§V:H$aUmcm AË`§V doXZm XoUmam hm àg§J hmoVm; na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Zr _mÌ Ë`mMm gc _ZmV R>odcm ZìhVm. XmoZ dfmªZrM Aer doi Amcr H$s, JdVmMr nmdgmA^mdr \$ma Q>§MmB© {Z_m©U Pmcr. Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§Zr _w§~B©hÿZ gìdmVrZeo JmgS>çm JdV _mJ{dco Am{U JmdmVrc OZmdam§gmR>r Ë`mMo _mo\$V dmQ>V Ho$co. Ë`m doir g§~§{YV _mUgmMm Q´>ñQ>er ì`dhma H$gm hmoVm `mMm {dMma Z H$aVm gdmªZmM JdV nwa{dÊ`mV Amco. `m A{¾H$m§S>mÀ`m EH$ {Xdg AmYr åhUOoM {X. 24 {S>g|~a 1980 amoOr Q´>ñQ>_Ü`o EH$ nÌH$ma n[afX Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV Amcr hmoVr. dV©_mZnÌm§VyZ Q´>ñQ>da AZoH$ ImoQ>çm Amamonm§Mr {MIc\o$H$ Mmcy hmoVr. ^mS>moÌr nÌH$ma Q´>ñQ>g§~§Yr {dn`©ñV ~mVå`m XoV hmoVo. S>oadU n[agamV Q´>ñQ> g_mO{dKmVH$ 92 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

H¥$Ë`o H$arV Amho Am{U Q´>ñQ>À`m {damoYmV OZVo_Ü`o ì`mnH$ Ag§Vmof Amho Ago ImoQ>o {MÌ dV©_mZnÌmVyZ C^o H$arV hmoVo. Voìhm `m g§X^m©V Q´>ñQ>Mo Zo_Ho$ H$m`© H$m` Amho, C{Ôï>o H$m` AmhoV, Q´>ñQ>da H$aÊ`mV Amcoë`m Amamonm§{df`r dñVwpñWVr H$m` Amho Am{U `m ~XZm_rH$maH$ Q´>ñQ>{damoYr _mo{h_o_mJo H$moUË`m Xwï> eº$s AmhoV, ho OZVocm ñnï> ìhmdo åhUyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr hr nÌH$ma n[afX ~mocmdcr hmoVr. nÌH$mam§g_moa gË` n[apñWVrMo Vn{ecdma {dícofU H$ê$Z lr_hmamOm§Zr Q´>ñQ> H$arV Agcoë`m {d{dY g_mOmon`moJr CnH«$_m§Mr _m{hVr {Xcr. Q´>ñQ>Mm _w»` CÔoe "_mJoc Ë`mcm H$m_' hm Amho. H$m_mÀ`m ~Xë`mV _mo~Xcm {_imë`m_wio g_mOmVrc Jar~ dJm©Mm AmË_gÝ_mZ em~yV amhmVmo, Vo ñdm{^_mZr hmoVmV Am{U ñdmdc§~r hmoVmV. `m g_mOmcm amoOJmamnmgyZ d§{MV H$aÊ`mMm A{YH$ma `m _yR>^a ñdmWu amOH$maUr cmoH$m§Zm H$moUr {Xcm ? Ë`m§Zm n`m©`r amoOJma XoÊ`mMr H$moUVr `moOZm Ë`m§À`mOdi Amho ? amoOJma {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ H$aÊ`mEodOr cmoH$m§Mo Agcoco amoOJma ~§X H$ê$Z ho cmoH$ H$moUVo g_mOH$maU H$arV AmhoV ? Q´>ñQ>da AmOn`ªV AZoH$ ImoQ>oZmQ>o Amamon {~Z{X¸$VnUo H$aÊ`mV Amco. d¥ÎmnÌmVyZ OmUrdnyd©H$ R>iH$ à{gÕr XoÊ`mV Amcr. _mÌ `WmdH$me Vo gd© Amamon {~Z~wS>mMo Agë`mMo {gÕ Pmco Amho. Oa Q´>ñQ>_Ü`o H$mhr ~oH$m`Xoera Jmoï>r Pmë`m AgË`m Va gaH$mar `§ÌUoH$Sy>Z Ë`mÀ`m {damoYmV Q´>ñQ>da H$madmB© Pmcr ZgVr H$m ? Ago AZoH$ àý nÌH$mam§nwT>o lr_hmamOm§Zr CnpñWV Ho$co. na§Vw aËZm{JarÀ`m "~cd§V'gmaIm EImXXwgam AndmX dJiVm ~mH$s gd© nÌH$ma _yJ {JiyZ ~gco. "gË`' Ë`m§À`mg_moa hmoVo, g_OV hmoVo, na§Vw Vo _m§S>Ê`mMo ñdmV§Í` Ë`m§Zm ZìhVo. {hVg§~§Ym§À`m gmIirV d¥ÎmnÌo hr amOH$maÊ`m§er OISy>Z Jococr AgVmV. lr.OJZ \$S>Urg `m§À`mgma»`m _mVã~a nÌH$mamcm {ZH$_m§À`m e¡j{UH$ joÌmVrc H$madm`m§{df`r coI {c{hë`m~Ôc Amncr ZmoH$ar J_dmdr cmJcr hmoVr Am{U Vrhr "_hmamï´> Q>mBåg'gma»`m _moR>çm d¥ÎmnÌmVrc ! Ë`m_wio `m nÌH$ma n[afXoH$Sy>Z \$maem Anojm ZìhË`mM. {X. 10 _mM© 1981 amoOr nwÝhm EH$Xm eoarÀ`m _mimda hmoir noQ>dZy dmVmdaU _wÔm_ {MKi{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ Pmcm. Q´>ñQ>Mo Hw§$nU VmoSy>Z cmoH$m§Zr _mimda hmoir noQ>dcr. lr_hmamO ñdV: ZwH$gmZrMr nmhmUr H$aÊ`mgmR>r {X. 12 _mM© 1981 amoOr Q´>ñQ>À`m OmJoV Joco AgVm Omo`erdmS>rVrc cmoH$m§Zm nwT>o H$ê$Z Ë`m doir Q´>ñQ>À`m cmoH$m§da h„m H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Pmcm. Q´>ñQ>À`m H$mhr cmoH$m§Zm _mahmU H$aÊ`mV Amcr. {Odo _maÊ`mÀ`m Y_Š`m XoÊ`mV Amë`m. {ZH$_ Am{U _moS>H$ `m nwT>mè`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§À`m JmS>rda XJS>\o$H$ H$aÊ`mMr {MWmdUr {Xcr; na§Vw cmoH$m§Zm lr_hmamOm§{df`r dmQ>Umè`m ào_m_wio, Ë`m§Zr XJS>\o$H$sMm Ho$di Am{d^m©d Ho$cm. àË`jmV EH$hr XJS> JmS>rda nS>cm Zmhr. nmo{cgm§Zr hñVjon H$ê$Z 144 H$c_ cmdco. eoarÀ`m _mimda OmÊ`mgmR>r XmoÝhr njm§Zm ~§Xr KmcÊ`mV Amcr. VmcwH$m H$m`©H$mar X§S>m{YH$mè`m§À`m `m {ZU©`m{déÓ àm§V A{YH$mè`m§H$S>o Anrc H$aÊ`mV Amco. A{ncmV àm§V A{YH$mè`mZo XmoKm§darc ~§Xr H$m`_ R>odcr na§Vw Z§Va H$mhr {XdgmVM Xwdm©gZm Xwï>m§Mr.. / 93

åhUOo {X. 18 _mM©cm \$º$ Q´>ñQ>À`m cmoH$m§Zm ~§Xr KmcyZ Omo`erdmS>rVrc cmoH$m§darc ~§Xr _mÌ CR>{dcr. `mdê$Z gaH$mar `§ÌUoH$Sy>Zhr Q´>ñQ>cm H$er XwOm^mdmMr dmJUyH$ {_iV hmoVr ho g_OVo. Ý`m` {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r AIoa Q´>ñQ>Zo h„oImoam§da \$m¡OXmar H$moQ>m©V Xmdo XmIc Ho$co. Ë`m {XdgmV Q´>ñQ>À`m {damoYmV gd© A{Zï> J«hm§Mr OUy `wVrM Pmcr hmoVr. Jw§S>{Jarcm D$V Amcm hmoVm. H$maU Q´>ñQ> {damoYmV Ho$coë`m H$moUË`mhr ~oH$m`Xm H¥$Ë`mMr XIc emgZ`§ÌUm KoV ZìhVr, Ë`m_wio Jw§S>àd¥Îmr {Z^©` Pmë`m hmoË`m. Q´>ñQ>À`m g_W©H$m§Zm _maPmoS> hmoV hmoVr, Y_Š`m {Xë`m OmV hmoË`m. ~{hîH$mamMo hmVI§S>m à`moJ doimodoir hmoV hmoVo. na§Vw Ë`m{déÕ Ho$coë`m VH«$matH$S>o nmocrg ImVo S>moù`mda H$mVS>o AmoTy>Z nmhmV hmoVo. Q´>ñQ>Zo nmocrg g§ajU _m{JVco Ë`mMm IM© Q´>ñQ> XoV hmoVm; na§Vw ho g§ajU Ho$di emo^onwaVoM R>aV hmoVo. hm ~§Xmo~ñV Q´>ñQ>À`m AmdmamnwaVmM {Xcocm hmoVm. Ë`m_wio ~mhoa Jw§S>{Jarcm amZ _moH$io hmoVo. nmocrg Ho$gM Zm|XdyZ KoV ZgV. EImXr KoVcrM Va Vr "AXIcnmÌ' åhUyZ Zm|XdrV. Ë`m_wio VH«$mar gai H$moQ>m©VM XmIc H$amì`m cmJV. nmo{cgm§BVHo$M _hgyc ImË`mMo A{YH$mar X~mdmImcr H$m_ H$arV hmoVo. `m ñ\$moQ>H$ dmVmdaUmVhr lr_hmamO A{dMc hmoVo. {Z^©`nUo gd©Ì g§Mma H$arV Amnco gd© H$m`©H«$_ doimnÌH$mà_mUo H$arV hmoVo. EH$Xm lr_hmamO gm`§H$mir MmaÀ`m gw_mamg Omo`erdmS>rV Joco. cmoH$m§Zr AmJ«hmZo lr_hmamOm§Zm AmnAmnë`m Kar ~mocmdyZ ~gm`cm Km|JS>r A§Wê$Z ào_mZo Ë`m§Mo ñdmJV Ho$co. lr_hmamO gdmªH$S>oM XmoZXmoZ {_{ZQ>o ~gco. cmoH$ H$moUm~amo~a AmhoV ho Ë`m {Xder {Z:g§e` {gÕ Pmco. {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mV Amcocm dmX {H$Vr ImoQ>m Amho, ~mhoaÀ`m§Zr cmXcocm Amho, ho Ë`m {Xder {XgyZ Amco. Ë`mM gw_mamcm EH$Xm lrXod Ho$Xma~mOrÀ`m XodimV JmdMr g^m hmoVr. g^oMr H$m`©H«$_ n{ÌH$m nwT>marM R>a{dUma ! Ë`m_wio `mhr g^oV Q´>ñQ>da H$m` H$madmB© H$am`Mr `m {df`r nwT>mar Ic H$aUma hmoVo. AMmZH$ lr_hmamO _§{XamV Amco. ""_hmamO Amco, _hmamO Amco'' Aer Hw$O~wO gwê$ Pmcr. _hmamO `oVmM Ë`m§À`m ñdmJVmcm _mZ XoÊ`mgmR>r gd©OU CËñ\y$V©nUo C^o am{hco Am{U Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm Z_ñH$ma Ho$cm. lr_hmamOm§Zr Xodmcm An©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r EH$ Zmai JwadmÀ`m Odi {Xcm. ñdV: _Zmo^mdo àmW©Zm Ho$cr. gdmªZm àgmX XoÊ`mV Amcm. lr{ed-g_W© _§{XamMo H$m_ `m Aem Vá dmVmdaUmVM nyU© Pmco. hmoirÀ`m Amgnmg H$moH$UmVrc AZoH$ {R>H$mUr _mZnmZ dJ¡ao Jmoï>t_wio gm_m{OH$ dmVmdaU VßV AgVo. {e_½`mZ§Vahr H$mhr {Xdg "H${dËd' CaVoM. S>oadUcm Va nÕVeranUo dmVmdaU Vá R>odÊ`mV `oV hmoVo. {X. 5 _o 1981 hm {Xdg {ed-g_W© _§{XamÀ`m CX²>KmQ>ZmgmR>r {Z{üV H$aÊ`mV Amcm hmoVm Am{U Ë`mgmR>r EH$ ^ì` gmohim Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV Amcm hmoVm. g_ma§^mÀ`m AÜ`jñWmZr ImgXma lr_Vr ào_cmVmB© MìhmU `m§Zm {Z_§{ÌV H$aÊ`mV Amco hmoVo. Ë`m doir lr.A^`qgh amOo ^mogco ho J¥hamÁ`_§Ìr hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m 94 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

hñVo lr{edmOr _hmamO Am{U g§V am_Xmg ñdm_r `m§À`m nwVù`m§Mo AZmdaU H$aÊ`mMo R>aco hmoVo. nwÊ`mÀ`m X¡{ZH$ "VéU ^maV'Mo g§nmXH$ lr.{d.Zm.XodYa _w»` nmhþUo åhUyZ `oUma hmoVo. Ë`m{Z{_ÎmmZo _moR>m g_ma§^ hmoUma hmoVm Am{U Ë`mgmR>r _hmamï´>^amVyZ AZoH$ Zm_d§V cmoH$ CnpñWV amhmUma hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§À`m {damoYH$m§Zr `m g§YrMm \$m`Xm _hmamï´>^a Q´>ñQ>Mr ~XZm_r H$aÊ`mgmR>r CR>dÊ`mMo R>a{dco. OZ_V Q´>ñQ>{déÕ Amho, Q´>ñQ>{df`r ì`mnH$ Ag§Vmof OZ_mZgmV Amho, ho XmI{dÊ`mgmR>r EH$ _moR>o fS²>`§Ì `moOÊ`mV `oD$Z Vo A§_cmVhr AmUÊ`mV Amco. Ë`mgmR>r nj Am{U emgZ`§ÌUm XmoKm§Zmhr dmnaÊ`mV Amco. lr.A^`qgh amOo ^mogco g_ma§^mgmR>r AmcoM ZmhrV. _mÌ lr_Vr ào_cmVmB© MìhmU AJË`nyd©H$ g_ma§^mg CnpñWV am{hë`m. à_wI nmhþUo lr.XodYa `m§À`mgmR>r XwJ©dmS>r \$mQ>çmda {damoYH$m§Zr EH$ doJimM ñdmJV g_ma§^ `mo{Ocm hmoVm. JmoqdX {ZH$_, O`qgJ gwd}, B~«mhr_ _moS>H$, àH$me amOo{eH}$, grVmam_ cmB©_, gB©X Icno AmXtÀ`m ZoV¥ËdmImcr gmdS>}-XwJ©dmS>r \$mQ>çmda S>oadUH$S>o `oUmè`m EH$_od añË`mda Q´>ñQ> {damoYH$m§Zr PmS>o VmoSy>Z añË`mV AmS>dr Q>mHy$Z ZmHo$~§Xr Ho$cr. g_ma§^mgmR>r nm`r qH$dm dmhZmZo Amcoë`m cmoH$m§Zm AS>dyZ Y_H$mdco, H$mhtZm _mahmU Ho$cr. {MniyUhÿZ S>oadUH$S>o {ZKmcocr Zoh_rMr Eg².Q>r.JmS>r, VgoM Eg.Q>r.Mr EH$ Img JmS>r `m O_mdmZo AS>dcr. Ë`mM JmS>rV à_wI nmhþUo lr.{d.Zm.XodYa Am{U AÝ` à{V{ð>V {Z_§{ÌV ì`º$s, nÌH$ma VgoM g_ma§^mgmR>r {ZKmcoco AZoH$ OU hmoVo. JmS>rcm JamS>m KmcyZ eoH$S>mo cmoH$ Adm©À` {edrJmi H$arV hmoVo. JmS>r noQ>dyZ XoÊ`mMr ^mfm H$arV hmoV.o Ë`mM doir VoWZy EH$m Orn_YyZ ào_cmVmB© MìhmU `m§Mr ZmVodmB©H$ _§S>ir g_ma§^mgmR>r OmV hmoVr, Ë`m§Zm cmR>çm-H$mR>çm§Zr _mahmU H$aÊ`mV Amcr, OrnMrhr _moS>VmoS> H$aÊ`mV Amcr. {MniyU `oWrc \$moQ>moJ«m\$a Z§Xm S>mH$do Am{U _mOr Am_Xma, _mOr {O.n.AÜ`j lr.A_¥Vamd ^mogco `m§Zmhr O_mdmZo _mahmU H$ê$Z naV nmR>{dco. g_ma§^mgmR>r {ZKmcoë`m lr.gw^mf nma_oH$a `m§Zmhr _mahmU H$ê$Z añË`mdê$Z Imcr _moarV \o$Hy$Z XoÊ`mV Amco. Ho$di lr_hmamOm§À`m H¥$noZoM Vo {Od§V am{hco. aËZm{Jar {OëømMo _mOr hmo_JmS>© H$_m§S>§Q> lr.ZWwam_ g§gmao `m§Zmhr ~oX_ _mahmU H$aÊ`mV Amcr. AS>dyZ R>odcoë`m dmhZmVrc cmoH$m§Mo ^a CÝhmV A{Ve` hmc Pmco. pñÌ`m, _wco VhmZoZo, ^wHo$Zo ì`mHw$i Pmcr hmoVr. AmaS>m-AmoaS>m, {edrJmi, hmUm_mè`m `m_wio Km~ê$Z Jocr hmoVr. AIoa JmS>rVrc nÌH$mam§À`m {dZ§Vrdê$Z Vr JmS>r nwÝhm {MniyUH$S>o admZm Pmcr. na§Vw Ë`mhr doir lr.Am~m amOo{eH}$ Am{U lr.{JOao `m§Zm JmS>rVyZ Imcr AmoT>yZ _mahmU H$aÊ`mV Amcr. Ë`m§Mr AIoarg nmo{cgm§Zr O_mdmH$Sy>Z gwQ>H$m Ho$cr. BH$S>o {edg¥ï>rÀ`m n[agamV _mÌ AZmdaU gmohim ì`dpñWVarË`m nma nS>cm. lr_Vr ào_cmVmB© Xwdm©gZm Xwï>m§Mr.. / 95

MìhmU AmXë`m {XderM, {X.$4 _oÀ`m amÌr S>oadUcm `oD$Z nmohmoMë`m hmoË`m. Ë`m§À`mà_mUoM AZoH$ _§S>ir _w§~B©, nwUo, aËZm{Jar Aem ^mJmVyZ AmXë`m {XderM g_ma§^ñWir nmohmoMcr hmoVr. gdmªÀ`m amhmÊ`m-^moOZmMr ì`dñWm A{Ve` MmoI R>odcocr hmoVr. gm¡._§Jcm ^mJdV Am{U gm¡.Hw$_wX _moS>H$ `m g_ma§^mcm CnpñWV Agcoë`m XmoZ ^{JZtZr Amnë`m d¥ÎmnÌr` coImV Ë`mMo gw§Xa dU©Z Ho$co Amho. Ë`m {c{hVmV, ""gmo_dma {X.$4 _o amoOr Amåhr ~è`mM _¡{ÌUr _w§~B©hÿZ {ZKyZ amÌr 8Ÿ&& dmOVm S>oadU `oWo "lrg§V grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a M°[aQ>o~c Q´>ñQ>'À`m Amdmam_Ü`o OmD$Z nmohmoMcmo. {dñV¥V AmdmamÀ`m AZoH$ ~mOycm Q>çw~ cmB©Q>²g cmdcoë`m hmoË`m. Ë`mMm àH$me gd©M ~mOy àH$m{eV H$arV hmoVm. {dñV¥V Amdma AgyZhr gd©Ì ñdÀN>Vm Am{U Q>mnQ>rn ZOaoV ^aÊ`mOmoJr hmoVr. AZoH$ cmoH$ Amnmnë`m H$m_m_Ü`o JT>coco hmoVo. _§S>n gwemo{^V H$aUo, doJdoJù`m OmJr {Xì`m§Mr A{YH$ ì`dñWm H$aUo, g_ma§^mgmR>r `oUmè`m nmhþÊ`m§gmR>r MhmnmUr-OodUmMr ì`dñWm H$aUo; EdT>oM Zìho Va àË`oH$mMr nmXÌmUo `mo½` OmJr d `mo½` àH$mao gmnS>mdrV åhUyZ gwVirMo ~marH$ VwH$S>o KoD$Z EH$ H$m`©H$Vm© C^m hmoVm d XmoZ Mßnc EH$_oH$m§Zm ~m§YyZ R>odV hmoVm. `m gJù`m ZoQ>Ho$nUmcm {eñVrMr Pmca hmoVr. {d{eï>> A§VamncrH$S>o Mßnc H$mTy>Z R>odÊ`mg gm§{JVco OmV hmoVo. OdiM nmÊ`mMr _moR>r Q>mH$s hmoVr. {Vcm AZoH$ VmoQ>çm hmoË`m. AmYr hmVnm` YwD$ZM _§{XamV àdoe H$am`Mm hmoVm. aËZm{Jar, {MniyU, nwUo Aem AZoH$ {R>H$mUmhÿZ _mUgo Jmoim Pmcr hmoVr. nU H$m`©H$Ë`mª_Ü`o Hw$R>ohr JS>~S>, Jm|Yi, Ymdni ZìhVr. Varhr gd© Am{VÏ` ì`dpñWV Mmcy hmoVo.'' (AY©gmám{hH$ ~cd§V, {X.$23.5.1981) R>rH$ 10 dmOVm lr_Vr ào_cmVmB© MìhmU `m§À`m AÜ`jVoImcr B©eñVdZmZo g_ma§^mcm gwédmV Pmcr. CX²>KmQ>H$ Amco ZìhVo Va à_wI nmhþUo XwJ©dmS>r \$mQ>çmOdi O_mdmZo Koacoë`m Eg.Q>r.JmS>rV AS>Hy$Z nS>coco hmoVo ! J«m_ñWm§Mr CnpñWVr VwaiH$ hmoVr; na§Vw g_ma§^ gwì`dpñWVnUo nma nS>cm. lr_Vr ào_cmVmB© Am{U lr_hmamO `m§Mr g_`mo{MV ^mfUo Pmcr. N>ÌnVr lr{edmOr _hmamO Am{U lram_Xmg ñdm_r `m§À`m A{Ve` ^ì`, aoIrd, à_mU~Õ à{V_m§Mo lr_Vr ào_cmVmBªÀ`m ew^hñVo AZmdaU Pmco. Xwnmar 1 dmOVm _hmàgmX Pmcm. g_ma§^mcm ñWm{ZH$ cmoH$m§Mr VwaiH$ CnpñWVr, nÌH$ma, N>m`m{MÌH$ma `m§Mr AZwnpñWVr, CX²KmQ>H$m§Mo (amÁ`mMo J¥hamÁ`_§Ìr Am{U {edm` N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamOm§Mo WoQ> d§eO) Am`Ë`m doir g_ma§^mg Z `oUo Am{U _w»` nmhþUohr g_ma§^ñWir nmohmoMy Z eH$Uo, `m Jmoï>t_wio H$moR>oVar H$mhrVar AK{Q>>V KS>V Amho Aer e§Ho$Mr nmc AZoH$m§À`m _ZmV MwH$MwH$V hmoVr; na§Vw lr_hmamO A{dMc hmoVo. em§VnUo EH$EH$ Jmoï> nma nmS>>rV hmoVo. Xwnmar ^moOZmoÎma JßnmJmoï>r Mmcy AgVmZm Zmam`Uamd ho gH©$c nmocrg BÝñnoŠQ>a lr_Vr ào_cmVmBªZm ^oQ>Ê`mgmR>r Amco. `oWrc n[apñWVr ñ\$moQ>H$ Amho; Voìhm AmnU Vm~S>Vmo~ `oWyZ à`mU H$amdo Agm 96 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

àñVmd Ë`m§Zr ào_cmVmBªg_moa _m§S>cm. Ë`mM doir lr.~mimgmho~ _mQ>o ho H$m±J«ogMo nwT>margwÕm lr_Vr ào_cmVmBªZm S>oadUhÿZ ZoÊ`mgmR>r Amco hmoVo. Zmam`Uamd `m§Zr Aerhr gyMZm Ho$cr H$s naV OmVmZm lr_Vr ào_cmVmBªZr gmdS>çm©Vrc nwT>mè`m§Mr ^oQ> ¿`mdr. Q´>ñQ>À`m cmoH$m§H$Sy>Z Ë`m§Mm An_mZ Pmcocm Amho, {edrJmir Pmcocr Amho; Voìhm Q´>ñQ>V\}$ Ë`m§Mr _m\$s _mJÊ`mV `mdr. lr_Vr ào_cmVmBªZr Ë`m A{YH$mè`mcm {ZéÎma H$aUmam EH$M àý {dMmacm H$s, "AmnU `oWo ~§Xmo~ñVmgmR>r Amcm AmhmV H$s Ë`m nwT>mè`m§Mo dH$rcnÌ KoD$Z Amcm AmhmV ?' Ë`m§Zr R>m_nUo S>oadU gmoS>Ê`mg ZH$ma {Xcm. "`oWo lr_hmamO _mPo g§ajU H$aÊ`mg g_W© AmhoV. _r `oWrc gd© cmoH$ naV Joë`mZ§VaM OmB©Z,' Ago Ë`m§Zr R>m_nUo gm§{JVco. Voìhm Vmo nmocrg A{YH$mar (Am{U gmo~V Amcocm nwT>mar) {Z_yQ>nUo naV Jocm. Ë`mZ§Va nmocrg g§ajUmVhr dmT> H$aÊ`mV Amcr. gm`§H$mir nmM dmOVm lr_hmamOm§Mo àdMZ Pmco. lr_Vr ào_cmVmBªgh gd© _§S>itZr lr_hmamOm§Mo {dMma lÕoZo ldU Ho$co. amÌr O`d§V Hw$cH$Uu `m§Zr "ñdad§XZm' hm g§JrVmMm H$m`©H«$_ gmXa Ho$cm. gH$miÀ`m Am§XmocZm_wio Ë`m Img Eg.Q>r._YyZ `oUmao VrZ dmXH$ H$cmH$ma naV Joco hmoVo. na§Vw CncãY ghH$mè`m§{Zer lr.Hw$cH$Uu `m§Zr Amncm H$m`©H«$_ A{Ve` lÕm`wº$ ^mdZoZo, CËH$Q> A§V:H$aUmZo gmXa Ho$cm. Ë`m_wio H$m`©H«$_ IynM a§Jcm. amÌr 11 dmOVm {MniyUMo H$mhr H$m±J«og H$m`©H$V} lr_Vr ào_cmVmBªZm ^oQ>m`cm Amco. gH$mir KS>boë`m qhgH$ àH$mamÀ`m doir ào_cmVmBªÀ`m H$mhr H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm ~arM _mahmU H$aÊ`mV Amcr hmoVr. {MniyUÀ`m H$mhr H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr Ë`m§Zm d¡ÚH$s` CnMma H$ê$Z {MniyUÀ`m g{H©$Q> hmD$g_Ü`o R>odco hmoVo. Vo H$m`©H$V} ào_cmVmBªZm ^oQy> BpÀN>V hmoVo. na§Vw `mhr doir ào_cmVmBªZr S>oadU Z gmoS>Vm Ë`m OI_r H$m`©H$Ë`mªZmM S>oadU `oWo KoD$Z `oÊ`mg gm§{JVco. Ë`mà_mUo Z§Va Vo H$m`©H$V} amÌr S>oadU `oWo Amco. Ë`mVrc H$mhtZm ~±S>oO ~m§Ycoco hmoVo. H$mhtÀ`m OI_m§Zm Q>mHo$ KmVcoco hmoVo, Va H$mhr AmYma KoVë`m{edm` Mmcy eH$V ZìhVo. Ë`m§Zm nmhÿZ gH$mir qhgmMmamÀ`m doir `oUmè`m {edào_tZm g_mOH§$Q>H$m§Zr {H$Vr A_mZwf _mahmU Ho$cr hmoVr Ë`mMr gdmªZmM H$ënZm Amcr. Xwgè`m {Xder åhUOo {X.$6 _o amoOr gH$mir lr_hmamOm§Zr ào_cmVmBªnmgyZ Vo AJXr nmhþÊ`m§Zm KoD$Z Amcoë`m ~gÀ`m S´>m`ìha-H§$S>ŠQ>g©n`ªV gdmªZm AmñWoZo {Zamon {Xcm Am{U Ë`m JmS>çm§À`m Vmâ`m~amo~aM ào_cmVmB© _mJ©ñW Pmë`m. XheVrMo gmdQ> AgyZhr gd© H$m`©H«$_ CËgmhmZo gmOam H$aÊ`mV Amcm. N>ÌnVr lr{edmOr _hmamOm§Mo _§{Xa C^o H$aUo hr lr_hmamOm§Mr AZoH$ dfª _ZmV ~miJcocr BÀN>m nyU© Pmcr. lr{edmOr _hmamOm§Mo Ago _§{Xa Cä`m _hmamï´>mV qgYwXwJ© {H$ëë`mdarc _§{XamMm EH$_od AndmX dJië`mg AÝ`Ì H$moR>ohr Zmhr. na§Vw Aem H$m`©H«$_mcm EdT>m {damoY ìhmdm hr XwX£dr KQ>Zm hmoVr Am{U Ë`m H$m`©H«$_mcm AneHw$Z H$aUmao {damoYH$M Ë`m_wio CKS>o nS>co. Xwdm©gZm Xwï>m§Mr.. / 97

1981-82 `m H$mcmdYrV S>oadU `oWo qhgmMmamcm D$V Amcm hmoVm. gmdS>} `oWrc gd©lr ZmZm _mo{hao, XÎmmo~m {ZH$_, AZ§V MìhmU, nm§Sw>a§J MìhmU, ~m~m Q>onH$a (MìhmU), {dR>mo~m MìhmU, am_M§Ð ^wdS> `m§À`m Kam§da h„o H$aÊ`mV Amco. Vw\$mZ XJS>\o$H$ H$aÊ`mV Amcr. JdVmÀ`m J§Á`m§Zm AmJr cmdÊ`mV Amë`m. nm§Sw>a§J MìhmU Ka gmoSy>Z niyZ Joco. {dR>mo~m MìhmU XheVr_wio O§JcmV OmD$Z cnyZ am{hco. VoWyZ Ë`m§Zm nH$Sy>Z AmUyZ Im§~mcm ~m§YyZ _mahmU H$aÊ`mV Amcr. ZmZm _mo{hao `m§Mo Eg.Q>r.ñQ>°ÝS>_Yrc H±$Q>rZ OmiÊ`mV Amco. Ë`m§Mo H$mnS> XwH$mZ cwQ>Ê`mV Amco. "~wcoQ>' _moQ>magm`H$c XJS> Ym|S>çm§Zr _moSy>Z-VmoSy>Z Q>mH$Ê`mV Amcr. Ë`m§À`m Xoer Xmê$À`m XwH$mZmVrb Xmê$ AmYr `WoÀN> {nD$Z Z§Va XwH$mZmMr ZmgYyg H$aÊ`mV Amcr. am_M§Ð ^wdS> `m§À`m Kamda H$di Q>mHy$Z Vo OmiÊ`mMm à`ËZ Pmcm. Ë`m doir nmo{cgm§Zm n[apñWVr {Z`§ÌUmImcr AmUÊ`mgmR>r Jmoir~ma H$amdm cmJcm. Ë`mV EH$ Jm` _aU nmdcr. nwT>o `m Jmoir~mamMm _moR>m JdJdm H$aÊ`mV Amcm. Mm¡H$erMr _mJUr H$aÊ`mV Amcr. na§Vw h„oImoa cmoH$M Mm¡H$erMr _mJUr H$aÊ`mV AJ«oga hmoVo Am{U AIoarg ho àH$aU Amnë`mcmM ÌmgXm`H$ hmoB©c ho cjmV Amë`mda Vr Mm¡H$erhr XS>nyZ Q>mH$Ê`mV Amcr. `m H$mimV lr_hmamOm§À`m njmV AgUmè`m S>oadU `oWrc _moOŠ`m cmoH$m§Zm AZoH$ A{¾{Xì`m§Zm Vm|S> Úmdo cmJco. AßnmeoQ> _mo{hao àW_nmgyZ lr_hmamOm§À`m {dœmgmVrc AgUmao, S>oadU `oWrc EH$ à{V{ð>V XwH$mZXma. `m g§Kfm©À`m H$mimV Ë`m§À`m KaMr _mUgo gm_m{OH$ ~{hîH$ma, Y_Š`m Aem VUmdm§Zm Vm|S> XoD$ eH$cr ZmhrV. Ë`m_wio Vr Aßnm§MmM {VañH$ma H$ê$ cmJcr. Ka {\$aco Am{U Aßnm§Zm KamV ß`m`cm nmUr {_ioZm Aer AdñWm Amcr. AIoa _o 1980À`m Xaå`mZ Aßnmhr ZmBcmOmZo, Agmhmæ`nUo {ZH$_ H§$nyV gm_rc Pmco; na§Vw Aßnm gËàd¥Îm hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m gXgX²{ddoH$ ~wÕrMr Q>moMUr Ë`m§Zm cmJcr Am{U {X. 12 Zmoìh|~a 1981 amoOr Aßnm naV lr_hmamOm§H$S>o Amco. Ë`mMm gyS> åhUyZ {X. 1 E{àc 1982 amoOr B~«mhr_ _moS>H$ `mÀ`m gm§JÊ`mdê$Z {dîUy MìhmU, J§Jmam_ gwS>H$moOr MìhmU Am{U AÝ` H$mhr cmoH$m§Zr AßnmeoQ> `m§Zm gmdS>çm©À`m ~mOmanoR>oV ^a añË`mV {ddñÌ H$ê$Z _maco. na§Vw hr gd© _§S>ir lr_hmamOm§darc AT>i lÕo_wio lr_hmamOm§Zm AI§S>nUo gmW XoV hmoVr. AßnmeoQ>Zm Pmcoë`m _mahmUrZ§Va lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm Yra {Xcm. lr_hmamOm§Zr gm§{JVco H$s, "Amncr ~mOy Y_m©Mr Amho. OoWo Y_© Amho VoWo O` Amho. Xodmda {dœmg R>odm. Jw§S>{Jarcm Km~ê$ ZH$m. eodQ>r gmao H$mhr Mm§Jco hmoB©c. H$maU Amncm _mJ© gË`mMm Amho.' EHo$ {Xder gm`§H$mir {ZË`mà_mUo eoVmda \o$ar _maV AgVmZm lr_hmamOm§Zm EH$ {edH$dM gmnS>co. Ë`m§Zr Vo Aßnm§Zm {Xbo d Ë`mMr {ZË` nyOm H$aÊ`mg gm§{JVco. Aßnm§Mohr {Xdg nwT>o nmcQ>co. Y§Xm ^a^amQ>rcm Amcm. _mZgÝ_mZ nwÝhm {_imcm. Á`m g§ñWoVyZ An_mZmñnXarË`m ~mhoa nS>mdo cmJco hmoVo, Ë`m gømÐr 98 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

{ejU g§ñWoV Ë`m§Zm nwÝhm gÝ_mZmZo ~mocmdyZ KoÊ`mV Amco. _mÌ Aßnm§da h„m H$aUmao Am{U Ë`m§Mo H$a{dVo YZr `m§Zm `WmdH$me Amnë`m H$_m©Mr \$io gì`mO ^moJmdr cmJcr. lr.Aßnm _mo{hè`m§à_mUoM lr.XÎmmo~m MìhmU `m§Mr lr_hmamOm§da AZÝ` {Zð>m hmoVr. XÎmmo~m ho S>oadU JmdMo gan§M hmoVo. Ë`m_wio AZoH$ doim gan§M Am{U lr_hmamOm§Mo EH${Zð> ^º$ Aem XmoÝhr O~m~Xmè`m gm§^miVmZm Ë`m§Mr H$m|S>r ìhm`Mr. XodimV Zmai R>odyZ Q´>ñQ>da Am{U lr._Ý`mgmho~ ~mnygmho~ amOo{eH}$ `m§À`mda ~{hîH$ma KmcÊ`mV Amcm. Ë`m doir _Ý`mgmho~m§Zr ~{hîH$ma KmcUmè`m n§MmdÞ Hw$Qw>§~m§da H$moQ>m©V Xmdo JwXaco hmoVo. Ë`m g§X^m©V _mo\$V dH$sc {_idÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m gdmªZm J«m_n§Mm`VrH$Sy>Z CËnÞmMo XmIco hdo hmoVo. _hmamOm§da _Z:nyd©H$ ^º$s H$aUmè`m XÎmmo~m§Zm, Ago XmIco XoUo åhUOo lr_hmamOm§er AàË`jnUo H$m hmoB©Zm, na§Vw WmoS>m\$ma Ðmoh H$aUo Ago dmQ>V hmoVo. na§Vw _hmamOm§ZrM Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVco, ""gan§M åhUyZ XmIco XoUo hm Vw_À`m H$V©ì`mMm ^mJ Amho; Voìhm Oê$a XmIco Úm. Ë`m XmIë`m_wio Vo gwQ>co Var MmcVrc. na§Vw H$V©ì`mV H$gya H$ê$ ZH$m. {edm` AnH$mamMr \o$S> CnH$mamZo H$amdr. _r _mÂ`m {damoYH$m§Zmhr Q>±H$aZo nmUr nmOVmo, Vo ^m§S>VmZm Ë`m§Mo Kgo gwHy$ Z`oV åhUyZM !'' lr_hmamOm§darc {Zð>o_wio Vo gmh{OH$M {damoYH$m§À`m S>moù`mV gcV. Ë`m§À`mdahr Jw§S>m§H$Sy>Z hëë`mMo à`ËZ Pmco; na§Vw lr_hmamOm§À`m H¥$noMo H$dM Ë`m§Zm cm^co hmoVo. Ë`m_wio àË`oH$ doir Vo g§H$Q>mVyZ, A§Jmda gmYm AmoaIS>mgwÕm Z CR>Vm ~mhoa nS>co. EH$Xm {MniyU Eg.Q>r.ñQ>±S>da EH$m _mUgmZo, "XÎmmo~m§Zr _cm Y¸$m XoD$Z nmS>co' Agm Ami KoD$Z JXu O_{dcr Am{U JXuH$adrM XÎmmo~m§Zm _mahmU H$a{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm. Ë`m doir VoWo EH$ H$moUr AZmoiIr ñÌr Amcr Am{U {VZo Ë`m _mUgmMo q~J \$moS>co Am{U XÎmmo~m hmUm_marVyZ dmMco. Vr ñÌr åhUOo lr_hmamOm§Mr XÎmmo~m§darc H¥$nmM _yV©ê$n hmoD$Z Amcr Ago XÎmmo~m§Zm Ë`m doir dmQ>co. EH$Xm Q´>ñQ>À`m JmS>rVyZ Q´>ñQ>t~amo~a JwhmJacm OmV AgVmZm JmS>rg_moa AMmZH$ EH$ _wcJm AmS>dm Amcm. S´>m`ìhaZo OmoamV ~«oH$ cmdë`m_wio JmS>r OmJrM Wm§~cr. _wcJm dmMcm. na§Vw ~o«ŠgÀ`m AmdmOmZo JXu Jmoim Pmcr. Ë`m JXuV gmdS>çm©Vrc EH$ _mUyg hmoVm. Vmo cmoH$m§Zm {MWmdUr XoD$Z JmS>rVrc cmoH$m§Zm ~mhoa AmoTy>Z _maÊ`m{df`r ~mocy cmJcm. na§Vw Ë`mhr doir EH$m _mUgmZo R>UH$mdyZ gm§{JVco H$s, "_wcmMr MwH$s hmoVr. Vmo AMmZH$ doJmZo JmS>rg_moa Amcm. Vmo dmMcm hr A¸$cH$moQ> ñdm_tMr H¥$nm. `m XodñWmZÀ`m JmS>çm AmhoV. Ë`m§Zm Vwåhr _maUma ? CcQ> Ë`m§Mo Am^ma _mZm !' XÎmmo~m AZoH$ df} S>oadUMo gan§M hmoVo. JmdmV Ë`m§À`m eãXmcm _mZ hmoVm. na§Vw dmVmdaU JTy>i Pmë`mda nwT>rc {ZdS>UwH$scm C^o Z amhmÊ`mMo Ë`m§Zr R>a{dco. _Ü`§Var gmdS>çm©À`m cmoH$m§Zr Ë`m§À`m Kamda _moMm© H$mTy>Z Ë`m§Mm amOrZm_m _mJÊ`mMm Aì`mnmaofw ì`mnmahr Ho$cm hmoVm. _mÌ Xwdm©gZm Xwï>m§Mr.. / 99

lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm AJXr ào_mMm AmXoe {Xcm, ""VwåhrM Am_Mo gan§M AmhmV. lrA¸$cH$moQ>Mo ñdm_r VwåhmcmM {ZdSy>Z AmUUma AmhoV. `m~m~VrV Vw_Mo {damoYH$ {Zîà^ hmoVrc.'' {ZH$_, _moS>H$ AmXr lr_hmamOm§Mo {damoYH$ XÎmmo~m§Zm nmS>Ê`mgmR>r S>oadUcm Vi R>moHy$Z ~gco hmoVo. na§Vw XÎmmo~m {ZdSy>Z Va AmcoM Am{U gan§MnXrgwÕm nwÝhm Ë`m§MrM {Z`wº$s Pmcr. 1981 gmcÀ`m CÎmamYm©V "S>oadU J«m_ godm-_§S>i, _w§~B©' hr g§ñWm _w§~B©VyZ Q´>ñQ>À`m {damoYmV H$madm`m H$ê$ cmJcr hmoVr. 5 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 1981 amoOr Ho$iwñH$a ZmdmÀ`m EH$m nÌH$mamZo S>oadU `oWo `oD$Z Q´>ñQ>À`m {damoYmV H$mhr _mc_gmcm {_iVmo H$m ho nmhmÊ`mgmR>r AZoH$m§À`m JmR>r^oQ>r KoVë`m. AZoH$m§À`m KamV KwwgyZ ~mîH$i àý {dMmê$Z Ë`mZo S>oadU `oWrc _mVm-^{JZtMm An_mZ Ho$cm. Q´>ñQ>Zo Amncr g§nÎmr H$mhr cmoH$m§À`m Kar XS>dyZ R>odcr Amho Aem _yI© g_OwVrZo Ë`mZo H$mhr KamV KwgyZ KamVrc gm_mZ-gw_mZ, noQ>çm, _mio Yw§S>mico. AIoarg S>oadUÀ`m pñÌ`m§Zr IoQ>amZo ~S>dyZ Ë`mcm nmo{cgm§À`m hdmcr Ho$co. "S>oadU J«m_ godm-_§S>im'Mr n{hcr g^m _w§~B©cm {X. 21 Zmoìh|~a 1981 amoOr Zm`Jmd hm`ñHy$c_Ü`o Pmcr. Ë`m g^oÀ`m Am`moOZmV {OOm~m JwOa, JUnV JwOa, H$merZmW `mXd, {XZH$a JwOa, _hmXod JwOa Am{U H$m|{S>~m amOo{eH}$ ho S>oadUMo _w§~B© {Zdmgr J«m_ñW hmoVo. na§Vw Amü`m©Mr Jmoï> åhUOo Ë`m g^ocm S>oadUhÿZ _ma ImD$Z Am{U nmocrg H$moR>S>rMr hdm ImD$Z Jococo VWmH${WV nÌH$ma Ho$iwñH$a hohr hmoVo Am[U nwÊ`mhÿZ EZ.Ama.\$S>Ho$ Am{U lrnmX JmoIco ho lr_hmamOm§Mo Jwé~§Yyhr Img `m g^ogmR>r CnpñWV am{hco hmoVo ! \$S>Ho$ Am{U JmoIco `m§Mr Ë`m g^oVrc hOoar CÛoJOZH$ hmoVr. `m Û`rcm Jwé~§Yy åhUyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr ào_mZo Am{U gÝ_mZmZo dmJdco hmoVo. à{Vdfu Jwénm¡{U©_oÀ`m {Xder Ë`m§Mm Jwé~§Yy åhUyZ Img gËH$ma H$arV AgV; na§Vw Ë`m§À`m _ZmV _mÌ lr_hmamOm§{df`r Ho$di ÛofmMr {dfd„r CJdcr hmoVr. lr_hmamOm§Zr nwÊ`mcm lr~m~m§À`m ñWmZmda éO{dcoco {eñV Am{U g§`_mMo dmVmdaU Ë`m§Zm _mZdUmao ZìhVo. gX²>Jwê$§À`m ñWmZmMm dmT>cocm _{h_m Am{U CËH$f©gwÕm Ë`m§Zm gcy cmJcm hmoVm Am{U Ë`m_wio lr_hmamOm§Zm {damoY H$aÊ`mMm EH$ H$c_r H$m`©H«$_ Ë`m§Zr hmVr KoVcm hmoVm. ^«ï> amOH$maUr, AnàMmam_wio Jm|YiyZ MwH$sÀ`m njmV gm_rc Pmcoco J«m_ñW Am{U Agy`mJ«ñV Jwé~§Yy Aer hr A^Ð `wVr AmH$mamcm Amcr hmoVr. \$S>Ho$-JmoIco _w§~B©cm Va JocoM nU S>oadUgmdS>çm©À`m ghmUodahr Amnë`m _ZmVrc _i_i AmoHy$Z Joco. ^mfUo, N>mnrc nÌHo$, d¥ÎmnÌmVrc {ZdoXZo, {ZZmdr nÌHo$ Aem AZoH$ _mJmªZr AZoH$ OU Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§À`m {damoYmV ì`mnH$ Mm[aÍ`hZZmMr EH$ _moR>r _mohr_ MmcdrV hmoVo. {VMm AmdmH$m "Jmo~oëg'cmhr cmO{dUmam hmoVm. EImXr ImoQ>r Jmoï> R>mgyZ AZoH$dma gm§{JVcr H$s Vr IarM dmQ>Vo `m VÎdmà_mUo dma§dma {~Z~wS>mMo Amamon H$ê$Z lr_hmamOm§Mr n«{V_m _crZ H$aÊ`mMo à`ËZ Mmcy hmoV.o Vmo _mÜ`m•rÀ`m VoOmo^mñH$amda 100 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

WwH§ $Ê`mMm à`ËZ hmoVm ! na§Vw `m AË`§V à{VHy$c n[apñWVrVgwÕm lr_hmamO Amnco A§JrH¥$V H$m`© ZoQ>mZo nwT>o ZoV hmoVo. {X.$26 OmZodmar 1982 amoOr (_mK ew && 1) amoOr lr grVmam_~wdm§Mr nwÊ`{VWr Aem Vá, à{VHy$c dmVmdaUmVgwÕm CËgmhmZo gmOar H$aÊ`mV Amcr. {X. 25 E{n«c 1982 amoOr Q´>ñQ>_Ü`o {edO`§Vr gmOar hmoUma hmoVr. JVdfu Pmcoë`m qhgmMmamÀ`m nmœ©^y_rda, gmdY{JarMm Cnm` åhUyZ Q´>ñQ>Zo AJmoXaM _w»`_§Í`m§n`ªV AO© Ho$co hmoVo. n[aUm_V: JmoqdX {ZH$_ `m§Zm {X. 25.4.1982 amoOr {_gmImcr AQ>H$ H$aÊ`mV Amcr. VgoM B~«mhr_ _moS>H$, O`qgJ gwd} Am{U AÝ` H$mhr cmoH$m§Zm _w§~B© nmocrg H$m`ÚmÀ`m 151 ì`m H$c_mImcr AQ>H$ H$aÊ`mV Amcr. {edO`§Vr gmohim CËgmhmZo Am{U {Z{d©¿ZnUo nma nS>cm. gm`§H$mir dmOV JmOV {_adUyH$ {ZKmcr. amÌr OmXyJma aKwdra (Á`w.) `m§Mo OmXyMo à`moJ Pmco. {X. 5.5.1982 amoOr {ZH$_ Am{U Ë`m§Mo gmWrXma `m§Mr Zm.^mB© gmd§V `m§À`m _Ü`ñWrZo gwQ>H$m Pmcr. Ë`mZ§Va qhgmMmamcm WmoS>m\$ma Amim ~gcm. gVV 2-3 df} Q´>ñQ>{damoYmV AmH«$_H$nUo Mmc{dÊ`mV Amcocr ImoS>gmi àMma _mohr_, ~{hîH$ma, XJS>\o$H$, hmUm_mè`m `m_wio {damoYH$m§Mo Iao ñdê$n gd©gmYmaU g_mOmÀ`m cjmV `oD$ cmJco hmoVo Am{U `m Anàd¥ÎmtÀ`m {damoYmV {ZfoYmMo H$mhr ñda CRy> cmJco hmoVo. "_cm H$m` Ë`mMo' Aer ^mdZm Z R>odVm AmnUhr g§K{Q>V hmoD$Z, AmnUmgmR>rM H$m`© H$aUmè`m Q´>ñQ>À`m nmR>rer R>m_nUo Am{U CKS>nUo C^o amhÿZ Q´>ñQ>cm {ZXmZ Z¡{VH$ nmqR>~m Úmdm Agm {dMma H$ê$Z cmoH$m§Zr CËñ\y$V©nUo {X. 4 _mM© 1983 amoOr "AÝ`m` {ZdmaU H¥$Vr g{_Vr'Mr ñWmnZm Ho$cr. Hw$S>n, {Zdir, S>oadU, H$mog~r, gmdS>m©, Zm`er, \w$ég, `oJmd, XwJ©dmS>r, hS>H$Ur, Zm§XJmd `m AmOy~mOyÀ`m JmdmVrc cmoH$ `m g{_VrV gm_rc Pmco. {X. 25.3.1983 amoOr Hw$S>n `oWo EH$ _moR>m _oimdm Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV Amcm. `m _oimì`mMo AÜ`j lr.Ho$edamd Zm§XJmdH$a ho hmoVo, Va gd©lr XÎmmo~m {ZH$_, gImam_ H$mocVo (_w§~B© J«m_gwYma H|$Ð), àVmnamd gwd} ({Zdir), XÎmmam_ H$X_ (\w$ê$g), àVmn {d. amOo{eH}$ (gan§M - Hw$S>n), XÎmmÌo` MìhmU (gan§M - S>oadU), ZmZmgmho~ gwd} ({Zdir), gm¡.{dÚm {d.Xoenm§S>o Ÿ(XwJ©dmS>r) AmXr à_wI cmoH$ CnpñWV hmoVo. g^o_Ü`o gdmªZr AÝ`m`m{déÕ cT>Ê`mMr enW KoVcr. g{_VrZo AÜ`j åhUyZ lr.~mOramd ZmZm amOo{eH}$ `m§Mr {ZdS> Ho$cr. H$mog~rMo 75 dfª d`mMo qhXyY_m©{^_mZr, {Z:ñn¥h, {Z:ñdmWu Am{U AË`§V àm_m{UH$ Ago lr.`ed§V J§JmOramd VWm _m_m ImZ{dcH$a `m§À`mH$S>o gdmªZr AmJ«h H$ê$Z {MQ>UrgnXmMr O~m~Xmar gmon{dcr. g{_VrZo Jw§S>{JarÀ`m {damoYmV H$mhr nmdco CMccr; na§Vw amOH$s` nwT>mè`m§À`m XS>nUm_wio g{_Vr \$mago `e nXamV nmSy>Z KoD$ eH$cr Zmhr. Varhr EH$m _hÎdmÀ`m {df`mcm `m g{_VrÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ dmMm \$moS>Ê`mV Amcr. {ed-g_W© JS>mÀ`m ZOrH$ lrXod XÎm XodñWmZÀ`m _mcH$sÀ`m OmJoV lrkmZZmW g_mYr Amho. Xwdm©gZm Xwï>m§Mr.. / 101

`m g_mYrda {hadr MmXa KmcyZ Vmo nra Amho Ago {gÕ H$aÊ`mMm IQ>mQ>mon gmdS>çm©Vrc _wgc_mZ g_mOmVrc H$mhr CnX²>ì`mnr cmoH$m§Zr gwê$ Ho$cm. Ë`mV Zoh_rà_mUo B~«mhr_ _moS>H$ `mMm nwT>mH$ma hmoVm. {hadr MmXa KmcyZ VoWo 10-12 H§$Xrc dJ¡ao AmUyZ cmdÊ`mV Amco. hm EH$mM XJS>mV AZoH$ njr _maÊ`mMm à`ËZ hmoVm. na§Vw _w»` amoI {ed-g_W© JS>mdaM hmoVm. lr_hmamOm§Zr hm YmoH$m AmoiIyZ ho {hado AmH«$_U naVdyZ cmdÊ`mMm _Zmo_Zr g§H$ën Ho$cm. "AÝ`m` {ZdmaU g{_Vr'À`m dVrZo {MQ>Urg lr._m_m ImZ{dcH$a `m§Zr H$moQ>m©V {\$`m©X JwXacr, Am{U ho àH$aU Ý`m`à{dï> Pmco. g{_VrÀ`m _mJUrdê$Z VoWo nmocrg ~§Xmo~ñVhr R>odÊ`mV Amcm. na§Vw ho nmo{cghr _wgc_mZ Ym{O©Uo {ZKmco. Ë`m§Zr kmZZmWm§À`m g_mYrdarc ^Jdm ÜdOM \$mSy>Z Q>mH$cm. 1982-83 gmcmV EH$Xm lr._m_m ImZ{dcH$a ho lr_hmamOm§gmo~V lrkmZZmWm§À`m g_mYrÀ`m Xe©Zmcm Joco hmoVo. Ë`m doir lr_hmamO _m_m§Zm åhUmco, ""_m_m ! ho H$m_ MwQ>H$sgaer hmoUma Amho. EH$ {Xdg gH$mir CRy>Z nmhmc Va VoWo lrkmZZmW _hmamOm§Mo _§{Xa C^o am{hcoco Vwåhmcm {Xgoc.'' Am{U AJXr VgoM KS>co ! 24 _o 1992 `m {Xder åhUOo lr_hmamOm§À`m _hm{Zdm©UmZ§Va VrZ dfmªZr S>oadUÀ`m n§MH«$moerVrc XrS>-XmoZ ghò qhXy EH$Ì O_co. CËgmhmZo Am{U AmË_{dœmgmZo H$m_mcm cmJco Am{U g_mYr^modVr nmMeo \y$Q> cm§~rMr 6 \y$Q> C§MrMr Aer ^¸$_ XJS>r g§ajH$ q^V Ë`m§Zr ~m§YyZ H$mT>cr. gH$mir ghm dmOë`mnmgyZ Xwgè`m {Xder nhmQ>o Mma dmOon`ªV hOmamo hmV PnmQ>ë`mgmaIo H$m_ H$arV hmoVo. gmao H$m_ ñd`§ñ\y$VuZo l_XmZ H$ê$Z nwao H$aÊ`mV Amco. lrkmZZmWm§À`m g_mYrda N>moQ>oImZr Ama.gr.gr.Mo _§{Xahr C^maÊ`mV Amco. {X. 4 OyZ 1992 amoOr lrkmZZmWm§À`m _yVuMr à{Vð>mnZm Pmcr. à{Vð>mnZoÀ`m {XdgmnmgyZ nwT>o EH$ _{hZm gVV AhmoamÌ ^OZmMm H$m`©H«$_ Mmcy hmoVm. ho gmao KS>co Vo lr_hmamOm§Zr S>oadU_Ü`o Ho$coë`m _hmZ H$m`m©MrM \$clwVr hmoVr. Y_m©{^_mZmMo Oo ~rO Ë`m§Zr `m _mVrV Q>mH$co hmoVo, Ë`mVyZM ho nrH$ Vamê$Z Amco hmoVo. {Z^©`VoMo ~miH$Sy> Ë`m§Zr nmOco åhUyZ eoH$S>mo qhXy VéU AÝ`m`m{déÕ IdiyZ CRy>Z kmZZmW _§{XamÀ`m C^maUrgmR>r PQy>Z am~co. H$ch Am{U Xwhr_wio {dIwacocm, Ag§K[QV Am{U åhUyZM Xw~im ~Zcocm, _wOmoa Aëng§»`mH$m§Mo gmao Mmio ghZ H$aUmam g_mO g§K[Q>V H$aÊ`mgmR>r lr_hmamO Am`wî`^a H$ï>co. Ë`m§À`m _hm{Zdm©UmZ§Va Ë`mM g_mOmZo lr_hmamOm§Zm H¥$VkVmnyd©H dm{hcocr hr AmXam§OcrM hmoVr ! lrkmZZmW g_mYrMr OmJm Am{U {VMm n[aga `mV A{V{dfmar qdMy Am{U gnmªMm _wº$ dmda Ago. H$m_mcm àma§^ H$aÊ`mnydu gdmªZr lr_hmamOm§g_moa Zmai R>odyZ àmW©Zm Ho$cr H$s, "H$moUmcmhr H$gcr BOm hmoD$ Z`o. gdmªZm gm§^miyZ ¿`mdo.' lr_hmamOm§À`m H¥$noZo gmao H$m_ {Z{d©¿ZnUo nma nS>co. hr KQ>Zm 1992 _Yrc Amho. na§Vw {VMr nmio_wio ^yVH$mimV hmoVr Am{U g_W© am_Xmgm§À`m 102 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

"{Vgao Vo gmdYnUŸ& gd© {df`r' `m Cº$sà_mUo gmdY AgUmè`m lr_hmamOm§Zr AÝ`m` {ZdmaU g{_Vrcm H$m`©àd¥Îm H$ê$Z 1983 gmcrM `m H$m`m©cm àoaUm {Xcr hmoVr. Cä`m qhXwñWmZmV Aer AZoH$ n{dÌ ñWio naH$r` AmH«$_Umcm ~ir nS>cr. Ë`mVrc {H$Vr {R>H$mUr nwÝhm "gZmVZ d¡{XH$ qhXy Y_m©'Mr nVmH$m \$S>H$cr ? S>oadU `oWo gZ 1983 nmgyZM {edO`§Vr "\$mëJwZ dÚ 3' `m _mÝ`da g§emoYH$m§Zr g§emoYZmA§Vr {Z{üV Ho$coë`m {VWrg gmOar H$aÊ`mV `oD$ cmJcr. lr{ed-g_W© JS> Am{U {ed-g_W© _§{XamMo ~hþVoH$ H$m_ AmVm nyU© hmoV Amco hmoVo. ^¸$_ H$mù`m XJS>mMr VQ>~§ Xr, VQ>mda JñV KmcÊ`mgmR>r dmQ>m, Q>ohiUr ~wê$O, VQ>mda A§VamA§Vamda nhmam XoUmao ^mcm-T>mc-VcdmaYmar _mdio, àdoe Ûmamdarc ~wéOmda lram_Xmg ñdm_r AmZ§Xm{Ve`mZo hmV C§MmdyZ CÀM ñdamV JO©V AmhoV, "CX§S> Omhco nmUr & ñZmZg§Ü`m H$amd`m && ~wS>mcm Am¡a§½`m nmnr & åc|ÀN> g§hma Omhcm &&' ~mOycmM VwH$mo~m H$sV©ZmMo a§Jr ZmMV AmhoV, XmXmoOr H$m|S>Xod ~mc{edmOtZm {ejU XoV AmhoV, lr{edmOr _hmamO am_Xmg ñdm_tZm amÁ` An©U H$arV AmhoV Aer {d{dY XoIUr {eëno, {H$ëë`mÀ`m H$_mZrVyZ AmV àdoe Ho$cm H$s ^ì` g^m-_§S>nmV {edM[aÌmVrc _hÎdmMo Ago àg§J {MÌ~Õ Ho$coco Am{U ~mOycm XoIUo {edg_W© _§{Xa, Ago EH$ A{V^ì` "{ed{dœ' VoWo gmH$ma Pmco hmoVo. Hw$ec N>m`m{MÌH$mamZo Zo_H$m jU nH$Sy>Z N>m`m{MÌ ¿`mdo Ë`mà_mUo {d{dY KQ>Zm§Mr {MÌo ~ZdVmZm Zo_Ho$ jU gmH$ma Ho$coco AmhoV. {edOÝ_, amo{hS>oœamMr enW, A\$PcImZmMm dY, nmdZqIS>rVrc Pw§O, ZoVmOr nmcH$am§Mo ewÕrH$aU, _mVmolr {OOmD§$Mm Amerdm©X, {edamÁ`m{^foH$ Ago AZoH$ àg§J A{Ve` gw§XanUo {M{ÌV H$aÊ`mV Amcoco AmhoV. {X.20 _mM© 1984 amoOr {VWrà_mUo {edO`§Vr `oV hmoVr. lr_hmamOm§À`m _ZrMo ^ì` ñdßZ AZ§V AS>MUtZm Vmo§S> XoD$Z, AZoH$ g§Kfm©À`m àg§JmZm Y¡`m©Zo gm_moao OmD$Z gmH$ma Pmco hmoVo. gmè`m _hmamï´>mV {edg¥ï>r{df`r Hw$Vyhc {Z_m©U Pmco hmoVo. JmdmoJmdhÿZ Am~mcd¥Õ, ñÌr nwéf JQ>mJQ>mZo {edg¥ï>r nmhm`cm AmdOy©Z, Ajae: dmQ> dmH$S>r H$ê$Z `oV hmoVo. S>oadU JmdmMm C„oI AmVm ghOnUo, ^{º$^mdmZo lrjoÌ S>oadU Agm hmoD$ cmJcm hmoVm. 1984 gmcÀ`m {edO`§Vrcm {edgoZmà_wI _m.lr.~mimgmho~ R>mH$ao `m§Zm AÜ`j åhUyZ {Z_§{ÌV H$aÊ`mV Amco hmoV.o àm.{edmOramd ^mogco à_wI dºo$ hmoVo Va à_wI nmhþÊ`m åhUyZ gmVmaÀ`m lr_§V H$ënZmamOo ^mogco CnpñWV hmoË`m. Ë`m {Xder {edg¥ï>rMo OUy Am¡nMm[aH$ CX²>KmQ>ZM Pmco. {edg¥îQ>r Á`m§Zr AhmoamÌ H$ï> H$ê$Z gmH$ma Ho$cr Ë`m {eënH$ma lr.JUoe dm. D$\©$ XmXm nmQ>H$a `m§Mm VgoM {Z{_©VrV Ë`m§Zm gmW XoUmao Ë`m§Mo gwnwÌ lr.àH$me nmQ>H$a `m§Mm emc, lr\$i Am{U gwdU©nXH$ XoD$Z gËH$ma H$aÊ`mV Amcm. AÜ`jr` ^mfUmV lr.~mimgmho~ R>mH$ao `m§Zr {edam`m§À`m _hmamï´>mV {edO`§Vr {_adUwH$sda Xwdm©gZm Xwï>m§Mr.. / 103

gaH$maZo ~§Xr Kmcmdr `mMm Vrd« {ZfoY Ho$cm. Xoe Am{U qhXy Y_m©Mo OVZ, g§dY©Z H$aÊ`mÀ`m lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m _hmZ H$m`m©Mr Ë`m§Zr _wº$ H§$R>mZo ñVwVr Ho$cr. {edgoZoÀ`m nmR>rer lr_hmamOm§Mo Amerdm©X AgmdoV Aer Anojmhr ì`º$ Ho$cr. lr_§V H$ënZmamOo ^mogco VgoM lr.~m~mgmho~ ^mogco, {edgoZoMo ZoVo XÎmmOramd gmidr `m§Mrhr VoOñdr ^mfUo Pmcr. lr_Vr gw_Vr~mB© YZdQ>o Am{U lr.eocma_m_m `m§Zrhr Amnco {dMma ì`º$ Ho$co. lr_hmamOm§À`m Amerdm©XmË_H$ ^mfUmMm cm^hr CnpñWV lmoË`m§Zm `m doir Pmcm. lr{edO`§Vr CËgdmV A{YH$m{YH$ cmoH$ gh^mJr ìhmdoV, AmOy~mOyÀ`m JmdmVyZ nmcIr {_adUwH$m `mì`mV Am{U {ed-g_W© JS>mMm n[aga N>ÌnVtÀ`m O`O`H$mamZo Xw_Xw_yZ Omdm Aer lr_hmamOm§Mr BÀN>m; na§Vw hm O`Kmof ~hþYm gaH$mar `§ÌUocm Am{U lr_hmamOm§À`m {damoYH$m§Zm ghZ hmoV Zgmdm. Ë`m_wio {edO`§VrÀ`m doir Z MwH$Vm gmdS>} n[agamV 144 H$c_ nwH$mê$Z {_adUwH$sMr ZmHo$~§Xr H$aÊ`mV `oV Ago. ~§Xr hþHw$_mMo C„§KZ H$aUo lr_hmamOm§À`m ñd^mdmV ~gUmao ZìhVo. Ho$di JmdJw§S>m§_wio _hmamï´>mÀ`m `m cmS>Š`m amOmMr {_adUyH$ {ZKy eH$V ZìhVr ho Iao Va emgZmcm cm{OadmUo hmoVo. {edgoZm à_wIm§Zr Zo_H$s hrM I§V 1984 gmcÀ`m CËgdmV ì`º$hr Ho$cr hmoVr. 1985 gmcr _mÌ Ago 144 H$c_ cmdÊ`mV Amcoco ZìhVo, åhUyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr gmdS>} `oWrc Eg.Q>r.ñQ>±S> Vo {ed-g_W© JS> Aer {edà{V_oMr ^ì` {_adUyH$ H$mT>m`Mo R>a{dco. R>a{dë`mà_mUo gmdS>çm©VyZ {_adUyH$$ {ZKmcr. gw_mao gmV-AmR> hOma {edào_r Am{U lr_hmamOm§Mo AZw`m`r {_adUwH$sV gm_rc Pmco. T>moc, Vmeo, nIdmO H$S>mSy> cmJco. VwVmè`m§Mo ZmX Kw_y cmJco. \$Q>mŠ`m§Mm H$S>H$S>mQ> gwê$ Pmcm. AJ{UV ^Jdo P|S>o S>m¡cmZo ZmMy cmJco. {_adUyH$ lr{edam`m§Mm JJZ^oXr O`Kmof H$arV g§WJVrZo nwT>o gaHy$ cmJcr. AMmZH$ nmo{cgm§Zr {_adUwH$scm doT>m KmcyZ, lr{edam`m§À`m Zm_g§H$rV©ZmV a§JyZ Jocoë`m ^º$OZm§da ~§XwH$m amoIë`m. 144 H$c_ nwH$maco. nmcIrVrc {edà{V_m nmo{cgm§Zr Vmã`mV KoVcr Am{U {_adUyH$ ~§X H$aÊ`mMm AmXoe nmocrg Cn{ZarjH$ lr.gmidr `m§Zr {Xcm. AmXoe Z _mZë`mg Jmoir~ma H$aÊ`mV `oB©c Aer Y_H$s {Xcr. {_adUyH$ ~§X nS>ë`mda, {dag Pmcoco {_adUwH$sVrc cmoH$ {ed-g_W© JS>mH$S>o naVco. S>oadU \$mQ>çmda Amë`mda nmo{cgm§Zr {edà{V_m nwÝhm nmcIrV R>odcr. gÎmoMm Xwê$n`moJ H$aUmar Am{U amOH$s` X~mdmcm eaU Jococr emgZ `§ÌUm Am{U {VMo A{YH$mar `m§À`m `m _Z_mZr H¥$Ë`m_wio Cä`m _hmamï´>mVyZ Amcoë`m {edào_tMm {ha_moS> Pmcm; na§Vw Varhr lr_hmamOm§Zr n[apñWVr AË`§V g§`_mZo hmVmicr Am{U H$moUVmhr Aàg§J hmoD$ {Xcm Zmhr. H$m`Xm hm H$m`Xm AgVmo. Vmo MwH$sMm Agoc Va gZXeranUo ~XcÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$am, nU Vmo VmoSy> ZH$m Ago lr_hmamO Zoh_r gm§JV AgV. lr_hmamOm§À`m ÑîQ>rZo Vr {_adUyH$ åhUOo Ë`m§Mo \$ma {Xdgm§Mo ñdßZ hmoVo. H$moUVrhr X§S>ocr ghZ H$aÊ`mMm lr_hmamOm§Mm ñd^mdhr 104 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

ZìhVm; na§Vw Varhr Ë`m H$Qy> àg§Jr lr_hmamOm§Zr YramoXmÎm dV©UyH$ H$ê$Z OUy gaH$maMrM cmO amIcr ! lr_hmamOm§À`m BÀN>oà_mUo {edO`§VrMr {_adUyH$$ gmdS>çm©À`m ~mOmanoR>oVyZ dmOV-JmOV {ZKÊ`mg 10 _mM© 1993 nmgyZ gwédmV Pmcr. nmocrg Cn{ZarjH$ lr.åhmÌo `m§Zr I§~ranUo {ZU©` KoD$Z, {damoYH$m§Zm Z Ow_mZVm, {_adUwH$sg nadmZJr {Xcr Am{U VoìhmnmgyZ hr ^ì` {_adUyH$ {edg¥ï>rV à{Vdfu gmOè`m hmoUmè`m {edO`§VrMo à_wI d¡{eîQ>ç R>acr Amho. à{Vdfu {VMr ^ì`Vm d¥qÕJV hmoV Amho. {_adUwH$sVrc cmoH$m§Mm gh^mJ dmT>V Amho. CËgmhmcm CYmU `oV Amho. gm`§H$mir Mma dmOë`mnmgyZ _Ü`amÌrn`ªV Amg_§V XUmUyZ gmoS>Umar OmofnyU© {_adUyH$, nmhmUmè`m ^m½`d§Vm§À`m S>moù`m§Mo nmaUo \o$S>Umam gmohim Pmcm Amho. 1952-53 nmgyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr Y_©H$m`m©Mo, amï´>H$m`m©Mo, g_mOH$m`m©Mo Oo ~rO cmdco, dmT>dco, Omonmgco Ë`mMm AmVm _hmd¥j Pmcm Amho. Ë`mMr _Ywa \$io g_mO AmO MmIV Amho. Ë`mMr gmdcr AmO S>oadU n§MH«$moercm erVcVm XoV Amho. hr {_adUyH$ Ë`m H$m`m©MoM EH$ àVrH$ Amho. lr_hmamOm§Mo S>oadU `oWrc H$m`© IaoVa dU©ZmVrV Amho. _mÌ AZoH$ àg§Jr {damoYH$m§er g§Kf© H$aÊ`mV An[a{_V D$O}Mm ì`` Pmcm. AÝ`Wm `m H$m`m©Mm {dñVma AmUIr _moR>çm à_mUmV Am{U A{YH$ cdH$a Pmcm AgVm. {damoYH$m§Zr {damoYmgmR>r {damoY H$aÊ`mMo YmoaU Adc§{~co hmoVo. g_mOH$maUmV H$mhr ~m~VrV _V^oX hmoUo g§^dZr` Amho. H$Xm{MV _V_Vm§Vam_wio H$m`© A{YH$ Mm§Jcohr hmoD$ eH$Vo; na§Vw Hw$Qw>~§ {Z`moOZ {e{~amgma»`m {ZVm§V Amdí`H$ amï´>r` {hVmÀ`m H$m`©H$« _mcmhr Ho$di Vmo lr_hmamOm§À`m Q´>ñQ>Zo Am`mo{OV Ho$cm Amho åhUyZ AneHw$Z H$aÊ`mEdT>o jwÐ amOH$maU {damoYH$m§Zr Ho$co. 1985 gmcr aËZm{JarMo {Oëhm eë` {M{H$ËgH$ S>m°.H$mocdoH$a Am{U S>m°.AÎmma `m§Zr Q´>ñQ>À`m AmdmamV EH$ Hw$Qw>§~ {Z`moOZ {e~ra ^a{dÊ`mMm àñVmd R>odcm. lr_hmamOm§Zr AmZ§XmZo Ë`mcm g§_Vr {Xcr. EdT>oM Zìho Va eñÌ{H«$`m H$adyZ KoUmè`m àË`oH$mcm àmoËgmhZ åhUyZ 300 én`o Q´>ñQ>V\}$ XoÊ`mMo R>a{dco. Ë`m doir gaH$ma àmoËgmhZna a¸$_ åhUyZ nwéfm§Zm 115 én`o Va pñÌ`m§Zm 130 én`o XoV Ago. Ë`m{edm` Am¡fYmonMmam§Mm Am{U OodUmMm IM©, é½Um~amo~a `oUmè`m EH$m _mUgmMr amhmÊ`mMr ì`dñWm, eñÌ{H«$`oZ§Va é½Umcm _moQ>maZo Kar nmohmoMdUo dJ¡ao gd© Jmoï>r Q´>ñQ> ñdV:À`m IMm©Zo H$aUma hmoVm. Q´>ñQ>V\}$ H$mhr Zm_d§V S>m°ŠQ>g© _w§~B©hÿZ `oD$Z `m {e{~amV godmd¥ÎmrZo gh^mJr hmoUma hmoVo. {X.25 Vo 27 OmZodmar 1986 `m VrZ {XdgmV {H$_mZ 200 eñÌ{H«$`m Ano{jV hmoË`m Am{U hr g§»`m {dH«$_r R>acr AgVr. `m H$m`©H«$_mMo lo` Q´>ñQ>cm {_iy Z`o åhUyZ nS>Úm_mJo AZoH$ hmcMmcr Pmë`m. lr.^mB© gmd§V ho Ë`m doir {OëømMo nmcH$_§Ìr Am{U Amamo½`_§Ìrhr hmoVo. JmoqdX {ZH$_m§Mo Am{U Ë`m§Mo {ZH$Q>Mo g§~§Y hmoVo. ^am^a MH«o$ {\$acr Am{U {X. 1 OmZodmar 1986À`m dV©_mZnÌmV cmoH$m§Zm S>m°.H$mocdoH$am§Mr VS>H$m\$S>H$s ~Xcr Pmë`mMo Xwdm©gZm Xwï>m§Mr.. / 105

d¥ÎmM dmMm`cm {_imco. {e{~amMm IoiI§S>mo~m Pmcm. Mm§Jë`m H$m_mVhr {damoYH$m§Zr H$mocXm§S>m KmVcm. Mm§Jë`m H$m_mV gh^mJr hmoÊ`mMo nwÊ` Amamo½`_§Í`m§Zr cmWmS>co Am{U nwT>o WmoS>çmM {XdgmV c|Q>rZ H${_eZÀ`m AhdmcmV Amamo½`_§Í`m§À`m H$ma^mamMo qYS>dS>o {ZKmco Am{U VmoM Ë`m§À`m amOH$maUmMm eodQ> R>acm. `m CÛoJOZH$ amOH$maUm_wio S>oadU `oWo ^ì` hm°pñnQ>c C^maÊ`mMm lr_hmamOm§Mm g§H$ënhr cm§~Urda nS>cm. Vmo {dMmaM lr_hmamOm§Zr H$mhr H$mi ñW{JV Ho$cm. AÝ`Wm {edg¥ï>rgmaIoM Vohr EH$ lr_hmamOm§Zr nm{hcoco {Xì` ^ì` ñdßZ hmoVo Am{U {edg¥ï>rÀ`m {Z{_©VrZ§Va Vo cJoMM gmH$ma H$aÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm BamXm hmoVm. _mÌ AIoarg 1996 gmcr ^º$loð> H$_cmH$an§V dmcmdcH$a é½Umc`mÀ`m ê$nmZo lr_hmamOm§Mm g§H$ën nyU© Pmcm. lr_hmamOm§À`m _hm{Zdm©UmZ§Va XmoZ dfmªZr VËH$mcrZ ImgXma lr.JmoqdX {ZH$_, Ë`m§Mo OmdB© S>m°.VmZmOramd MmoaJo d gwnwÌ lr.eoIa {ZH$_ d lr.{ZH$_ `m§Mo g„mJma lr.X.Zm.e|~oH$a ho Mm¡Ko {X. 18 Am°JñQ> 1991 amoOr lrg§V grVmam_~wdm§Mo _§{XamV Xe©ZmgmR>r Amco. hr KQ>Zm _hÎdmMr hmoVr. lr_hmamOm§À`m nümV Ë`m§À`m H$m`m©Mr Ywam CMcUmao lrH$mH$m _hmamO; VgoM A_moc H$m|S>H$a, àgmX V|Sw>cH$a Am{U Q´>ñQ>Mo _°ZoOa lr.Am~m amOo{eH}$ AmXr _§S>ir `m doir _§{XamV CnpñWV hmoVr. Vã~c EH$m VnmÀ`m g§Kfm©À`m H$Qy> Vn{ecmV OmÊ`mV H$moUmcmM ñdmañ` ZìhVo. _mÌ ""_cm gd© _m{hVr ~amo~a {_imcr Zmhr Ë`m_wio Ho$di J¡ag_OmVyZ _r lr_hmamOm§Zm {damoY H$arV Amcmo,'' Ago dada Iao dmQ>Umao na§Vw _mZ^mdr {ZdoXZ lr.{ZH$_ `m§Zr Ho$co. lrH$mH$m _hmamOm§Zr, "g§Kfm©V Ho$di doi Am{U n¡gm `m§Mm Anì`` hmoV Amho åhUyZ Vmo Wm§~{dÊ`mgmR>r Vw_À`m{déÕÀ`m gd© Ho$gog Amåhr H$mTy>Z Q>mH$V AmhmoV. hr eº$s g§Kfm©V dm`m XdS>Ê`mEodOr lr_hmamOm§À`m BÀN>oà_mUo g_mOmÀ`m CËH$fm©gmR>r IM© H$ê $`m Am{U `m n[agamMo a§Jê$n ~Xcy `m,' Ago AmdmhZ Ho$co. Ë`mcm lr.{ZH$_ `m§Zrhr à{VgmX {Xë`mgmaIo Ë`m doir XmI{dco ; na§Vw AOyZhr AmnU Zm_m{Zamio amhÿZ Amnë`m ~Jc~ƒm§Zm nwT>o H$ê$Z Q´>ñQ>cm hmoB©c VodT>m {damoY H$aUo MmcyM Amho. lr_hmamOm§À`m da`mMZoV Ë`m§Zr gX²>Jwê$§Odi ""d¡a H$dUmgr Z KS>mdo &'' Ago _mJUo _m{JVco Amho. lr_hmamOm§À`m _ZmV EdT>çm H$Qy> g§Kfm©Z§Vahr lr.{ZH$_m§~Ôc H$moUVmhr d¡`{º$H$ AmH$g ZìhVm. {ZH$_m§Zr gmdS>çm©V Oo H$mhr e¡j{UH$ joÌmV H$m_ Ho$co, Ë`m_wio JmoaJar~ _wcm§Zm {ejUmMr g§Yr {_imcr, `mMm lr_hmamO AZoH$ àg§Jr Iwë`m {XcmZo Cƒma H$arV AgV. Ë`m_wio "AmO Am_À`m _ZmV AmnUm~Ôc H$moUË`mhr àH$maMr Ûof^mdZm AJa {VañH$mamMr ^mdZm Zmhr,' ho lrH$mH$m _hmamOm§Zr ñnï> Ho$co. J¥hñWY_m©À`m [aVr[admOmà_mUo MhmnmUr dJ¡ao hmoD$Z hr ^oQ> g§ncr. D D D

106 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

àH$aU : 13

O`§Ë`m ndoªo _hmoËgd & Ag§^mì` Mmcdr d¡^d && nwÊ`mVrc lr~m~m§Mo _§{Xa df©^a {Za{Zamù`m Ym{_©H$ H$m`©H«$_m§_wio JO~OyZ Jococo AgVo. AZoH$ dm{f©H$ gU, CËgd, `k-`mJ, g§V-gËnwéfm§Mo O`§Vr Am{U nwÊ`{VWr CËgd gmOao hmoVmV. Ë`m_wio ñWmZmV ^º$_§S>itMr gX¡d dX©i AgVo. {ÌH$mckmZr lr_hmamO Zoh_rM gm§Jm`Mo H$s ho ñWmZ "JmUJmnya'à_mUoM _moR>o hmoUma Amho. Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr àW_nmgyZM {Z`moOZ Am{U {eñV nm`m^yV _mZyZ `m ñWmZmMr Ajae: EH$hmVr C^maUr Ho$cr. {dMmanyd©H$ {Za{Zamù`m àWm, na§nam `oWo éO{dë`m. ho ñWmZ Ë`m§Zr ^º$sMo "{dÚmnrR>' ~Z{dco Am{U hOmamo, cmImo ^º$JUm§Zm `oWo ^{º$_mJm©Mo nmR> {eH${dco. _§{XamV gmOè`m hmoUmè`m CËgdmVyZ Ë`m§Zr ^º$m§Mo à~moYZ Ho$co. EH$ Mm§Jcm _mUyg, g_mOmMm EH$ O~m~Xma KQ>H$, Y_m©{^_mZr Am{U Xoem{^_mZr Agm _mUyg KS>{dÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr `m CËgdm§Mm Cn`moJ Ho$cm. Ë`mgmR>r _§{XamVrc gJù`m H$m`©H«$_m§Zm EH$ A{Ve` ì`mnH$ Am{U g_¥Õ Agm Ame` {Xcm. EH$ {dMma {Xcm. Amnë`m g_¥Õ ê$T>r Am{U na§nam§_mJrc _moR>m gm_m{OH$ Ame` cjmV KoD$Z _§{XamV gmOè`m hmoUmè`m CËgdm§Zm EH$ Zdo, AZmoIo Am{U d¡{eîQ>>çnyU© Ago n[a_mU {Xco. Ë`m_wio `m gd© CËgdm§da lr_hmamOm§Mr Aer EH$ d¡Mm[aH$ "_wÐm' C_Q>cocr ñnï>nUo {XgVo. na§Vw Ë`mM~amo~a ho gd© CËgd lr~m~m§À`m "Kar' gmOao hmoV AmhoV hr OmUrd lr_hmamOm§À`m _ZmV A{Ve` à~i hmoVr. Ë`m_wio CËgdm§gmR>r O_Umam ^º$_oim ho EH$ _moR>o Hw$Qw>§~ Amho, `m ^mdZoVyZ CËgdm§Mo Am`moOZ hmoVo. ZmVog§~§YmVrc {Oìhmim, AmnwcH$s, ào_ `mMr OnUyH$ hmoB©c Aem VèhoZo gd© H$mhr Ho$co OmVo. lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamVrc amoOMm {XZH«$_ nm{hcm Var lr~m~m§Mo ho "Ka' H$go MmcVo, Ë`mMo "KanU' H$go Amho ho cjmV `oVo. lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV nhmQ>o R>rH$ nmM dmOVm, lr~m~m§Zm {ZÐoVyZ CR>{dÊ`mgmR>r e§IZmX Ho$cm OmVmo Am{U _§{XamVrc {ZË`H$_mªZm gwédmV hmoVo. lr~m~m§Mr eoO H$mTy>Z Pmcr H$s {Z_m©ë` H$mTy>Z, g§nyU© Jm^mè`mMr Am{U _§{XamMr gm\$g\$mB© Ho$cr OmVo. Jm^mam nmÊ`mZo ñdÀN> nwgyZ KoVcm OmVmo Am{U nyOocm gwédmV hmoVo. fmoS>emonMmar nyOo~amo~a amoO éÐmMr EH$mXîUr, lrJUnVr AWd©erfm©Mr 21 AmdV©Zo, lrgyº$mMr 16 AmdV©Zo, gm¡amMr 12 AmdV©Zo, nd_mZmMr EH$ Amd¥Îmr, gáeVrMm EH$ nmR> Am{U lrJUoeghòZm_ XaamoO Ho$co OmVo. _§{XamV da C„o{Icoë`m {d{dY {ZË` AmdV©Zm§ì`{V[aº$, Xa _{hÝ`mcm JwéM[aÌmMr 4 nmam`Uo, ZdZmW ^º$s H$Wmgma B. nmam`Uo hmoV AgVmV. `m{edm` n§M_wIr hZw_ËH$dMmMo amoO 11 doim O`§Ë`m nd] _hmoËgd.. / 107

nmam`U Ho$co OmVo. lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV lrdaXe§H$a, lrdaXcú_r, lrgË`XÎm, lrgË`{dZm`H$, lrAZ§V hr d«Vo à{Vdfu H$aÊ`mV `oVmV. gH$mir 6 dmOVm lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV Am{U 6.15 dmOVm lr_hmamOm§À`m _§{XamV àmV:ñ_aU Am{U "lrñdm_r g_W© O`O` ñdm_r g_W© &' Ago Zm_ñ_aU Ho$co OmVo. gmS>o-ghm dmOVmM _§{Xa Xe©ZmgmR>r Iwco Pmcoco AgVo. gH$mir AmR> dmOVm nyOm AmQ>monyZ AmaVrcm gwédmV hmoVo. gH$mir AH$am dmOon`ªV _§{Xa Xe©ZmgmR>r CKS>o AgVo. gH$mir 11.30 dmOVm nwÝhm EH$Xm _§{Xa Am{U Jm^mam nwgyZ KoVcm OmVmo Am{U _§{XamV Yyn XmI{dcm OmVmo. Xwnmar gmS>o~mam dmOVm d¡œXod hmoD$Z EH$ dmOVm ltZm _hmàgmX An©U Ho$cm OmVmo. Xwnmar gmS>oVrZ dmOVm nwÝhm ^º$m§gmR>r _§{XamMo XadmOo CKS>VmV. gm`§H$mir R>rH$ ghm dmOVm lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV Am{U gìdmghm dmOVm lr_hmamOm§À`m _§{XamV gm`§AmaVr gwê$ hmoVo. amÌr n§MnXr hmoVo. gmS>oZD$ dmOVm Yyn XmI{dÊ`mV `oVmo; VgoM XwYmMm Z¡doÚ XmIdyZ {dS>m An©U Ho$cm OmVmo Am{U Z§Va lr~m~m§Mr eoO V`ma Ho$cr OmVo. hm gd© {ZË`mMm H$m`©H«$_ AJXr {Z`mo{OV doir, nyU© ^{º$^mdmZo Ho$cm OmVmo. _§{XamVrc godH$dJ© Xwnmar EH$> dmOVm VgoM gm`§H$mir gmS>ogmV dmOVm ^moOZ KoVmo. XwnmaÀ`m OodUmÀ`m doir XaamoO ~«m÷U ^moOZ AgVo Am{U CnpñWV ~«÷d¥§X {Ìgwn©U åhUVmo. Ë`m_wio AÞXmof {ZdmaU hmoD$Z Iè`m AWm©Zo AÞ n{dÌ hmoVo. _§{XamV Xe©ZmÀ`m doim R>a{dcoë`m AmhoV. ^º$JUm§Zr Ë`mMo nmcZ H$amdo Aer lr_hmamOm§Mr Anojm Ago. _§{XamV godogmR>r Agcoë`m godH$dJm©cm ^ë`m nhmQ>o CRy>Z H$m_mcm gwédmV H$amdr cmJVo Am{U amÌr 10-10&& n`ªV gVV H$m_ Mmcy AgVoM. Voìhm Ë`m§Zm {dlm§Vr {_iÊ`mgmR>r _Ü`§Var H$mhr doi _§{Xa ~§X R>odUo Amdí`H$ AgVo. lr~m~m§Mr AmaVr gwê$ AgVmZm _§{XamMo àdoeÛma H$Q>mjmZo ~§X R>odÊ`mMm àKmV Amho. Ë`m doir ~mhoê$Z H$moUmcmhr _§{XamV àdoe {Xcm OmV Zmhr Am{U AmVrc ^º$_§S>itZr AmaVrgmR>r _§{XamV Omd`mMo AgVo. EH$Xm lr_hmamO H$moRy>ZVar ~mhoê$Z _§{XamV naVco Voìhm Zo_H$s AmaVr gwê$ hmoVr. lr_hmamO àdoeÛmam~mhoa `oD$Z C^o am{hco. lr.adtÐ namS>H$a àdoeÛmamda C^o hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Zm nmhmVmM Vo cJ~JrZo nwT>o hmoD$Z Hw$cyn CKSy> cmJco. Ë`mda lr_hmamO Ë`m§Zm åhUmco, ""XadmOm CKSy> ZH$mog. _rM Zìho Va _mPm ~mn Amcm Var AmaVrÀ`m doir XadmOm CKS>m`Mm Zmhr. {Z`_ H$emcm Ho$co AmhoV ? _moS>Ê`mgmR>r ?'' AmaVr g§non`ªV lr.namS>H$a {H$„r hmVmV KoD$Z AmV C^o hmoVo Am{U lr_hmamO àdoeÛmamÀ`m ~mhoa. `m AmaVrÀ`m g§X^m©V EH$Xm lr_hmamOm§Zr EH$ {dcjU ZmQ>ç KS>{dco hmoVo. lr.à^mH$a aKwZmW VWm ~mimgmho~ H$mOaoH$am§Zr Vmo àg§J gmjmV AZw^dcm hmoVm. AmO EdT>çm dfmªZ§Vahr, AJXr H$mc KS>ë`mgmaIr Vr KQ>Zm Ë`m§Zm AmR>dVo. EH$Xm g§Ü`mH$mir lr_hmamO {Zdm§VnUo JßnmJmoï>r 108 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

H$arV {ZdmgñWmZmVrc Amnë`m Zoh_rÀ`m OmJr ~gco hmoVo. g_moa lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~, lr.~mOramd {Q>Ho$H$a Am{U lr.H$mOaoH$a Ago {VKo OU ~gcoco hmoVo. lr_hmamO, ""AmcmoM h§ !'' Ago åhUyZ _Ü`oM (cKwe§Ho$gmR>r) CRy>Z AmV Joco. EdT>çmV gm`§H$miMr AmaVr gwê$ Pmcr åhUyZ ho {VKohr AmaVrcm _§{XamV Joco. Oo_Vo_ n{hcr JUnVrMr AmaVr g§ncr Agoc, EdT>çmV dê$Z lr_hmamOm§Mr JO©Zm _§{XamV ñnï>nUo EoHy$ Amcr, ""H$moR>o Joco ho {VKo ? _mÂ`m ~mocÊ`mnojm Ë`m§Zm AmaVr _hÎdmMr dmQ>Vo H$r H$m` ?'' Vmo ñda Am{U Ë`m_mJrc Amdoe EoHy$Z gmaoM Km~ê$Z Joco. ho {VKohr YmdV, YS>nS>V, AmaVr gmoS>yZ lr_hmamOm§nTw >o hOa Pmco. lr_hmamOm§Zr VmoM àý lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~m§Zm nwÝhm EH$Xm {dMmacm. lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~m§Zr ""Amnco ~mocUo OmñV _hÎdmMo Amho. Amåhr MwH$cmo. Amåhr `oWoM Wm§~m`cm nm{hOo hmoVo,'' Ago H$~yc Ho$co. lr.{Q>Ho$H$am§Zrhr VoM gm§{JVco. gwX¡dmZo ~mimgmho~m§Mm Z§~a {Vgam hmoVm. Ë`m§Zrhr Amnë`mnojm Á`oð> Agcoë`m Ë`m XmoKm§Mo Vm|S>mZo AZwH$aU Ho$co; na§Vw Amnco ho CÎma Ë`m§Zm _Zmo_Z nQ>co ZìhVo. Á`m {df`mMr MMm© Mmcy hmoVr Vmo H$mhr {deof _hÎdmMm {df` ZìhVm. Voìhm lr~m~m§À`m AmaVrcm OmÊ`mV AmnU H$mhr _moR>o J¡a dmJcmo Zmhr Ago Ë`m§Zm dmQ>V hmoVo. Oa _hmamOm§Zr gdmªAmYr Ë`m§ZmM {dMmaco AgVo Va Ë`m§Zr H$Xm{MV Vgo gm§JyZhr Q>mH$co AgVo; na§Vw Ë`m§Zr g§H$moMmZo doJio _V ì`º$ Ho$co ZìhVo. Ë`m§Mr hr _mZ{gH$ Mc{~Mc lr_hmamOm§Zr V§VmoV§V AmoiIcr hmoVr Am{U lr_hmamO ~mimgmho~m§da AmJ AmoHy$ cmJco. AYm©-nmD$U Vmg ^{S>_ma Mmcy hmoVm. _Ü`oM lr_hmamO Zoh_rÀ`mM em§VnUmZo åhUmco, ""_r OmD$Z `oVmo h§ !'' Am{U AmV Joco. VodT>çmV dmcmdcH$agmho~m§Zr ~mimgmho~m§Zm gm§{JVco, ""Vwåhr `m e§H$m-Hw$e§H$m _ZmVyZ H$mTy>Z Q>mH$m. lr_hmamO gm§JV AmhoV VoM `mo½` Amho, VoM gË` Amho. _ZmMr {ÛYm _ZpñWVr gmoS>m. lr_hmamO `mo½` VoM gm§JV AmhoV qH$~hþZm lr_hmamO gm§JV AmhoV VoM `mo½` Amho hr _ZmV ImÌr ~miJm. gX²>Jwê$ gm§JVrc VoM gË`, ~mH$s AÝ` H$mhrhr Zmhr Agm R>m_ {dœmg ~miJm.'' dmcmdcH$agmho~m§À`m ~mocÊ`mZo, ~mimgmho~m§Zm Amnë`m _ZmVrc g§Xoh OmUdcm, Amncr MyH$ C_Jcr, gdmªJmVyZ EH$ {dcjU AZw^yVrMr cmQ> Xm¡Sy>Z Jocr. OUy Vmo Ë`m§À`mgmR>r AmË_gmjmËH$mamMm jU R>acm. lr_hmamO AmVyZ ~mhoa Amco. Ë`m doir ~mimgmho~m§À`m _ZmVrc g§Xoh {ZKyZ Jocm hmoVm Am{U Amü`© åhUOo ~mimgmho~m§Zr Amncr MyH$ H$~yc H$aÊ`mAmYrM Ë`m§Mr j_m`mMZm _hmamOm§H$S>o éOy Pmcr hmoVr. H$maU lr_hmamO ~mhoa Amco Vo àgÞ _wÐoZo ! _KmÀ`m dmXir H$S>H$S>mQ>mMr H$moR>o Zm_mo{ZemUr ZìhVr. lr.~mimgmho~ H$mOaoH$am§Zm lr_hmamOm§Zr Ajae: KS>dco Amho Ago Vo H¥$VkVmnyd©H$ dma§dma gm§JVmV. AZoH$ chmZ _moR>çm CËgdm§À`m doir ñd`§nmH$mMr O~m~Xmar H$mOaoH$a KamÊ`mda AgVo O`§Ë`m nd] _hmoËgd.. / 109

Am{U lr.aKwZmWamd D$\©$ ^mD$ H$mOaoH$a Am{U lr.~mimgmho~ Am{U Ë`m§Mo ~§Yy `m§Zr Vr ^{º$^mdnyd©H$ gm§^micocr Amho. nwT>onwT>o Va ñd`§nmH$mì`{V[aº$hr AÝ` H$mhr N>moQ>çm_moR>çm, H$_rOmñV _hÎdmÀ`m H$m_mMr O~m~Xmar lr_hmamO Ë`m§À`mH$S>o XoD$ cmJco. Voìhm Aem `m ~mimgmho~m§À`m _ZmVrc Jwé^º$s g§XohmVrV hmoÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr hm H$R>moa àg§J KS>dyZ AmUcm hmoVm. Eadr _mÌ _§{XamVrc {eñVrÀ`m nmcZmgmR>r lr_hmamO A{Ve` AmJ«hr AgV. _§{XamV dmJÊ`mMo H$mhr {Z`_ Ë`m§Zr {dMmanyd©H$ AmIyZ {Xco hmoVo. lÕm, ^º$s, ^m~S>onUm AmXtÀ`m ZmdmImcr H$moR>ohr ^m|JinUmcm dmd {Xcocm ZìhVm. AmnUmcm A{^àoV Agcocr dmJÊ`mMr nÕVr gdmªZm _mhrV ìhmdr åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr amoIR>moH$ eãXmV doJdoJù`m {Z`_m§Mo \$cH$ {R>H${R>H$mUr cmdyZ R>odco hmoVo. Am_Mo {Z`_ _mÝ` ZgVrc Ë`m§Zr _§{XamV `oÊ`mMr VgXr KoD$ Z`o Ago ñnï>nUo ~Omdco hmoVo. {Z`_ dmMyZhr Z dmMë`mgmaIo dmJUmao H$moUr Agë`mg Ë`mcm IUIUrV g_O lr_hmamO Va XoV AgVM; na§Vw ñd`§godH$m§Zr, godoH$è`m§Zr Am{U Amcoë`m ^º$m§Zrhr Aem J¡acmJy dmJUmè`mg `mo½` Vr g_O XoUo A{^àoV hmoVo. Ë`m_wio lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV gX¡d gwì`dñWm Ago. Amnë`m AmamÜ` X¡dVmMo _§{Xa H$go Agmdo, H$go R>odmdo `mMm Vmo dñVwnmR> Ago. {ZË`mÀ`m H$m`©H$« _m§ì`{V[aº$ _§{XamV gX¡d doJdoJio Z¡{_{ÎmH$ H$m`©H$« _ Mmcy AgVmV. lr_hmamOm§Zr gZ 1956 _Ü`o _§{XamMr O~m~Xmar CMcë`mda cJoM nwT>rc dfu ZdM§S>rnmR> Am{U hdZ, JUnVr-AWd©erf© ghòmdV©Z Am{U Xem§emMo hdZ Ho$co. 1958 gmcr nd_mZ, {dîUw`mJ, cKwéÐ H$aÊ`mV Amcm. lrJwéM[aÌ Am{U lrJwécrcm_¥V {_iyZ 72 nmam`Uo d 72 Xm§nË`^moOZo KmcÊ`mV Amcr. 1960 gmcr ZdJ«h On d hdZ, 1961 gmcr Aï>J«hrÀ`m H$mcI§S>mV gm¡agyº$ hdZ H$aÊ`mV Amco. 1962 gmcr _hm_¥Ë`w§O`mMm Mma cmI On Am{U hdZ H$aÊ`mV Amco. 1959 Z§Va lr_hmamOm§Zr Xhm doim n§Mm`VZ `mJ Ho$co. nmM doim A`wVM§S>r, Mma doim ghòM§S>r, EH$Xm hdZmg{hV _hméÐ H$aÊ`mV Amco. VrZ doim lrJUoe AWd©erfm©Mm cj On Am{U EH$ cj n§MImÚ _moXH$m§Mr AmhþVr XoD$Z hdZ Pmco. 1972 nmgyZ à{Vdfu EH$Xm lr_X²^mJdVmMo nmam`U hmoVo. 1982 Am{U 1984 gmcr lr_X²^mJdVmÀ`m Xe_ñH§$YmMo hdZ H$aÊ`mV Amco. Xhm doim g§{hVm ñdmhmH$ma Pmcm. {X. 9 Vo 17 E{àc 1992 `m H$mimV EH$eo EŠ`mE|er ~«m÷Um§À`m gh^mJmZo A`wVMÊS>r`wº$ n§Mm`VZ`mJ Pmcm. AÜ`mË_ am_m`UmMo nmam`U, "lram_ O`am_ O`O`am_' `m _§ÌmMo VgoM gw§Xa H$m§S>mVrc ûcmoH$m§Mo hdZ H$aÊ`mV Amco. gZ 1981À`m OmZodmar_Ü`o F$H²$g§{hVm ñdmhmH$ma Pmcm. 8 OmZodmarcm àma§^ hmoD$Z 14 OmZodmar 1981 amoOr nyUm©hþVr Pmcr. nyUm©hþVrÀ`m {Xder gm`§H$mir g§ñH¥$V n§{S>Vm§Mm lr_hmamOm§Zr emc, lr\$i Am{U X{jUm XoD$Z gËH$ma Ho$cm. hm F$H²$g§{hVm ñdmhmH$ma "JwéH¥$nm' `m B_maVrÀ`m ^y{_nyOZmÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo H$aÊ`mV Amcm Am{U Vmo `m B_maVrÀ`m {Z`mo{OV OmJr H$ê$Z Ë`m dmñVyÀ`m 110 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

ew{MVoMr Am{U nm{dÍ`mMrM OUy nm`m^aUr Ho$cr Jocr. gZ 1965 Vo 1988 `m H$mcmdYrV lrJwéM[aÌ, lrZdZmW-M[aÌ Am{U lrJwécrcm_¥V `m J«§Wm§Mr àË`oH$s 108 doim nmam`Uo H$aÊ`mV Amcr Am{U Ë`m {Z{_ÎmmZo VodT>çmM doim Xm§nË`^moOZ KmcÊ`mV Amco. à{Vdfu am_Zd_r, lrJwénm¡{U©_m Am{U lrXÎmO`§Vr `m CËgdm§À`m {Z{_ÎmmZo XeJ«§W nmam`Uo hmoD$ cmJcr Am{U Vr AmOXoIrc Mmcy AmhoV. gZ 1975 nmgyZ F$H²$g§{hVm nmam`U Xa_hm EH$ Ago hmoV Amho. 1982 Vo 1986 `m Xaå`mZ Xa Xhm {Xdgm§À`m H$mimV F$½doX XeJ«§Wm§Mr XmoZ nmam`Uo hmoV AgV. Ë`m{edm` EH$ gáeVr g§nw{Q>V nmR>, EH$ OnÛmam cKwéÐ, VgoM EH$ ghò _hm_¥Ë`w§O` On, ZdJ«hm§Mm àË`oH$s ghò On, ho amoO hmoV Ago Am{U AmOhr hmoV Amho. gmV {XdgmV EH$ lrJwéM[aÌ nmam`U Am{U EH$ ZdZmW nmam`U, Xhm {XdgmV EH$ lrJwécrcm_¥V, _{hÝ`mV EH$ lr_X²>^mJdV nmam`U Am{U EH$ dmpë_H$s am_m`U nmam`U H$aUo lr_hmamOm§Zr gwê$ Ho$co Am{U Vo AI§S>nUo AmOhr Mmcy Amho. nydu amoO gm`§H$mir 4 Vo 5 `m doioV lr.AmR>ë`oH$aemñÌtMo àdMZ lrgX²>Jwê$ ~m~m§À`m _§{XamV hmoV Ago. lr_hmamOm§À`m _ZmV lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV cjM§S>r gmohim H$aÊ`mMo hmoVo. na§Vw Ë`m§ZrM Vmo g§H$ën H$mhr H$maUm§Zr ñW{JV R>odcm hmoVm. lr_hmamOm§À`m XohË`mJmZ§Va VrZ dfmªZr, {X. 8 OmZodmar Vo 24 OmZodmar 1992 `m Xaå`mZ lrH$mH$m _hmamOm§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImcr hm cjM§S>r gmohim lr_hmamOm§ZrM KS>dyZ AmUcm. {X. 6 Am{U 7 OmZodmar 1992 amoOr lr~m~m§À`m ZyVZ g_m{Y_§{XamMm dmñVwem§Vr g_ma§^ Pmcm. lr~m~m§Mo ^ì`{Xì` _§{Xa C^maUo ho lr_hmamOm§Mo ñdßZ hmoVo. `m XmoÝhr Jmoï>tMr nyV©Vm Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m gV²{eî`mÀ`m hmVyZ H$adyZ {eî`mcm _moR>o H$aÊ`mMo Jwê$Mo ~«rX nmico. AÝ`Wm lr_hmamO `m XmoÝhr Jmoï>r `m AmYrM H$ê$ eH$co AgVo. lr_hmamOm§Zr nwÊ`mVrc lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV Aer AZoH$ AZwð>mZo Ho$cr Ë`mMà_mUo S>oadUÀ`m lrg§V grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a g_m{Y_§{XamVhr AZoH$ Ym{_©H$ AZwð>mZo Ho$cr. nm¡f ew && 3 eH$ 1906; _§Jidma, {X. 25 {S>g|~a 1984 Vo nm¡f ew && 10 eH$ 1906; _§Jidma, {X. 1 OmZodmar 1985 `m H$mcmdYrV EH$ _moR>o AZwð>mZ lr_hmamOm§Zr Ho$co. 1) A`wVM§S>r - Xhm hOma gáeVrnmR> Am{U Xem§emMo hdZ, 2) A{VéÐ ñdmhmH$ma, 3) 108 ^mJdV nmam`Uo Am{U Xe_ñH§$YmMo hdZ, 4) dmpë_H$s am_m`U nmam`U, n§MH$_© d gw§XaH$m§S>mMo hdZ, 5) cKw{dîUw`mJ nd_mZmMo 144 nmR> d 12 nmR>m§Mo hdZ, 6) cKwgm¡a `mJ - gm¡amMo 144 nmR> d 12 nmR>m§Mo hdZ, 7) JUoe`mJ - cj _moXH$m§Mo hdZ, 8) lrgyº$`mJ - Xhm hOma nmR> d EH$ hOma nmR>m§Mo hdZ, 9) lrXodrgyº$ `mJ Xhm hOma nmR> d EH$ hOma nmR>m§Mo hdZ Ago `m AZwð>mZmMo ñdê$n hmoVo. ho `mJmZwð>mZ {dœem§VrH$[aVm VgoM gZmVZ d¡{XH$ Am`©Y_© ajUmW© Am{U g§dY©ZmW© Am{U O`§Ë`m nd] _hmoËgd.. / 111

A{Ic _mZd OmVrÀ`m H$ë`mUmW© H$aÊ`mV Amco hmoVo. `m àM§S> AZwð>mZmgmR>r AmgoVw{h_mMc gd© ^mJmVyZ, gd© emImVrc doX{dÚmg§nÞ Ago AH$ameo ~«m÷U Amco hmoVo. lre¥§Joar emaXmnrR>m{Yœa lr_X² e§H$amMm`© lr ^maVrVrW© `m§Zrhr `m AZwð>mZmg CnpñWV amhmÊ`mgmR>r lrjoÌ S>oadU `oWo EH$ {Xdg dmñVì` Ho$co hmoVo. Aer ^ì` AZwð>mZo H$aUo ho AmìhmZmË_H$ H$m_ hmoVo. AZwð>mZm§gmR>r cmJUmam {ZYr CncãY H$aUo, gw`mo½` Am{U {dÛmZ ~«m÷Um§Mm g§J«h H$aUo, ñd`§godH$m§Mo Vm\o$ C^o H$aUo, gmYZgm_J«r Jmoim H$aUo Am{U `m gdmªMm ZrQ> _oi KmcyZ {Z`moOZnyd©H$ Am{U nyU© emñÌmoº$ nÕVrZo AZwð>mZ H$aUo ho {edYZwî` CMcÊ`mgmaIoM H$R>rU H$m_ AgVo. lr_hmamOm§Zr _mÌ ho {edYZwî` dma§dma CMcco, Am{U Vohr A{Ve` crc`m ! lr_hmamOm§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImcr hmoUmè`m `m AZwð>mZm§gmR>r `oUmao XyaXyaMo {dÛmZ ~«m÷U `oWrc ì`dñWoZo, {eñVrZo Am{U {Z`moOZm_wio g§Vwï>hr ìhm`Mo Am{U Amü`©M{H$Vhr. Aer AZwð>mZo ho lr_hmamOm§À`m H$m`©nÕVrMo R>iH$ d¡{eîQ>ç R>aco. S>oadU `oWrc ñWmZmVhr, XaamoO gH$mir lrA¸$cH$moQ> ñdm_r, lrg§V grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a, lr_hméÐ hZw_mZ, lrXÎmmÌo`, lrgX²>Jwê$$ dmgwXodmZ§V gañdVr `m§Mr fmoS>emonMmao nyOm, A{^foH$, Z¡doÚ, d¡œXod, àgmX, gH$mi -g§Ü`mH$mi AmaVr, amÌr n§MnXr, _§{XamV éÐmMr EH$mXîUr, nd_mZmMr Amd¥Îmr, gáeVrnmR>, lrJwéM[aÌ Am{U lrJwécrcm_¥V `m§Mo dmMZ, ~«m÷U^moOZ Ago {ZË`mMo H$m`©H«$_ AgVmV. g§H$ï>rcm gm`§H$mir AWd©erfm©Mr AmdV©Zo, A{^foH$ Am{U Z¡doÚ hmoVmo. Xa EH$mXercm n§Mgyº$ nd_mZ AmdV©Zo hmoVmV. Cƒ A{^éMrZo e¥§Jmacocr gw§Xa _§{Xao, ñdÀN>Vm, Q>mnQ>rn, em§VVm `m§Zr A{YH$M gw§Xa dmQ>VmV Am{U Ë`mV Mmccoë`m _§ÌKmofm§Zr Am{U nyOm{dYtZr, `k`mJm§Zr, hmo_hdZm§Zr gmao dmVmdaU AË`§V n{dÌ, ew{M^y©V dmQ>Vo. Xe©ZmgmR>r Amcocm ^º$ _ZmMr M§McVm, {dd§MZm, Xw:I {dgê$Z gX²>Jwê§$À`m nm`r Ooìhm _ñVH$ R>odyZ {dZ_« hmoVmo, Voìhm EH$m Anyd© em§VVoMr, g_mYmZmMr AZw^yVr Ë`mcm hmoVo. lr_hmamO `k`mJmXr AZwð>mZmÀ`m doir g§H$ën gmoS>VmZm, gd© ^º$OZm§À`m _ZmV Amncm Xoe, Amncm Y_©, Amnë`m XodXodVm `m§À`m{df`r ÑT> lÕm {Z_m©U ìhmdr, Ago _mJUo _mJV AgV Am{U Aer ÑT> lÕm {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr Aem AZoH$ AZwð>mZm§Mo Am`moOZ Ho$co. gZ 1980 À`m XeH$mV Ym{_©H$ H$m`mªÀ`m joÌmV e¡{Wë` Amco hmoVo. g_mOmV Y_m©{df`r, Ym{_©H$ {dYt{df`r EH$ Am¡Xm{gÝ` Amco hmoVo Am{U Ë`mÀ`m n[aUm_ñdê$n nm¡amo{hË` hoM Á`m§Mo M[aVmWm©Mo gmYZ Amho, Agm d¡{XH$ ~«m÷UdJ© Am{W©H$X¥îQ>çm AS>MUrV Amcm hmoVm. ""XodmYrZ§ OJËgdª _§ÌmYrZ§M X¡dV_² Ÿ& Vo _§Ìm ~«m÷UmYrZ§ ~«m÷Umo __ X¡dV_² &&'' Aer lÕm _Zmer ~miJUmè`m lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m_wio `m H$R>rU H$mimV d¡{XH$ ~«m÷UdJm©cm gmhmæ`H$mar hmoÊ`mgmR>rgwÕm Aer ^ì` AZwð>mZo Am`mo{OV Ho$cr hmoVr. 112 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

lr_hmamOm§Zm doXmÜ``Z H$aUmè`m§{df`r AVrd AmXa hmoVm. lr_hmamOm§Mr doXm§da AZÝ` lÕm hmoVr Am{U hOmamo dfmªnyduMo doX _m¡{IH$ ñdê$nmV OVZ H$aUmè`m `m na§nao{df`r lr_hmamOm§Zm AË`§V A{^_mZ hmoVm. doX _wImoX²>JV AgUmè`m {dÛmZ ~«m÷Um§Zm Vo gmï>m§J Z_ñH$ma KmcrV AgV. lr_hmamOm§Zr d¡{XH$m§Zm, emñÌr, n§{S>Vm§Zm AË`§V _mZmZo dmJ{dco. n§{S>V dg§Vamd JmS>Jri `m§Zm lr_hmamOm§Zr gm§{JVco hmoVo H$s, nwÊ`mV H$moUr nañW d¡{XH$ KZnmR>r, emñÌr-n§{S>V, _hmË_m Amcm Va Ë`m§Zm Adí` lr~m~m§À`m `m Kar KoD$Z `m. Ë`mà_mUo Ë`m§Zr AJa AÝ` H$moUr Aem {dÛmZm§Zm Oa _hmamOm§À`m ^oQ>rg AmUco Va lr_hmamOm§Zm \$ma AmZ§X hmoB©. Amcoë`m {dÛmZm§Mm AmXanyd©H$ gËH$ma H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm ^aKmog X{jUm, dñÌo-àmdaUo XoD$Z Ë`m§Mr ~moidU Ho$cr OmB©. H¥$îU-`Owd}Xr KZnmR>r doXmMm`© lr.~mnQ> ho nwÊ`mcm Amco AgVm lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm AgoM Jm¡a{dco hmoVo. dmamUgrhÿZ Amcoë`m XmoZ `VtZm Ë`m§À`m Aml_mÀ`m XoI^mcrgmR>r lr_hmamOm§Zr ^anya _XV XoD$Z Ë`m§Zm dñÌo, H$_§S>cy XoD$Z nmR>dUr Ho$cr hmoVr. ho gmao lr_hmamO doXm§darc {Zð>onmoQ>r H$arV AgV. lr_hmamOm§Mr d¡{XH$m§~ÔcMm namH$moQ>rMm AmXa XmI{dUmar EH$ KQ>Zm gZ 1984 À`m S>oadU `oWo Pmcoë`m `k gmohù`mMo doir {XgyZ Amcr. Vmo H$m`©H«$_ Iyn _moR>m hmoVm, Ë`m_wio Vmo doioda gwê$ hmoÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo gd© F$pËdOm§Zr AZwð>mZ _§S>nmV amoO gH$mir R>rH$ ghm dmOVm hOa amhmdo Aer gyMZm do._y. gào JwéOtZr `kmg àma§^ hmoÊ`mnydu Ho$cr. nwÊ`mMo {dÛmZ àdMZH$ma, ì`mH$aU n§{S>V, doX_yVu e|S>oemñÌr ho `m `kmg CnpñWV hmoVo. Ë`m§Mm Aä`mg, ì`mg§Jr d¥Îmr, {dÛÎmm Am{U H$_©{Zð>m `m_wio Vo lr_hmamOm§À`m {deof AmXamg nmÌ hmoVo. Vo lr_hmamOm§Zm åhUmco H$s, "_mPo amoOMo Am{•H$ XmoZ AS>rM Vmgm§Mo AgVo. gH$mir ghm dmOVm _§S>nmV `m`Mo åhUOo _cm nhmQ>o {H$_mZ gmS>oVrZ dmOVm CR>mdo cmJoc. Ë`m doir _cm CR>{dÊ`mMr H$mhr ì`dñWm hmoB©c H$m ?' lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""emñÌr~wdm, Vr O~m~Xmar _mPr. _r CÚmnmgyZ amoO nhmQ>o ~amo~a gmS>oVrZ dmOVm AmnUmcm CR>drV OmB©Z !'' Ë`mà_mUo nwT>rc AmR>-Xhm {Xdg amoO nhmQ>o lr_hmamO ~amo~a gmS>oVrZ dmOVm ""emñÌr~wdm CR>m ! gmS>oVrZ dmOco !'' Ago åhUyZ emñÌr~wdm§Zm OmJo H$arV. gw_mao hOma^a ~«÷d¥§XmÀ`m CnpñWVrV hmoUmam Vmo `k gmohim Ho$dT>m _moR>m Agoc, Ë`mÀ`m ì`dñWoÀ`m H$m_mV lr_hmamO {Xdg^a H$go l_V AgVrc Am{U amÌr H$YrVar EH$-XrS> dmOVm A§WéUmcm nmR> Q>oH$V AgVrc. `m gdm©Mm {dMma Ho$cm åhUOo lr_hmamOm§Mr Aem H$m`m©{df`rMr Vi_i OmUdVoM; nU Ë`mM~amo~a emñÌr~wdm§Zm CR>{dÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar Xwgè`m H$moUmda Z gmondVm ñdV: Vr nma nmS>Ê`m_Ü`o OmUdVmo Vmo Ho$di {dÛmZ d¡{XH$m~Ôc ì`º$ hmoUmam {ZIi AmXa^md ! do._y. qH$OdS>oH$aemór `m§Zr gw_mao 12-13 df} nwÊ`m_Ü`o F$½doX nmR>emim Mmb{dbr O`§Ë`m nd] _hmoËgd.. / 113

hmoVr. Ë`mgmR>r gaH$mar AZwXmZhr {_iV hmoVo, na§Vw gaH$maZo AMmZH$ ho AZwXmZ XoUo ~§X Ho$bo. ho lr_hmamOm§Zm g_OVmM Ë`m§Zr do._y. qH$OdS>oH$aemótZm gm§{JVbo H$s, hr nmR>emim ~§X H$am`Mr Zmhr. {VMr gd© O~m~Xmar _r KoVmo. Ë`mà_mUo lr_hmamOm§Zr nwÊ`mcm lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamV do._y.qH$OdS>oH$a JwéOtÀ`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImcr lrJwénm¡{U©_m eH$$1904 (gZ 1982) `m {Xder doX{dÚm àgmamÀ`m hoVyZo doXnmR>emioMr _whÿV©_oT> amodcr. doXmÜ``ZmÀ`m OmoS>rZo, do._y.cú_UemñÌr gào JwéOr `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImcr `m{kH$sMo {ejU XoÊ`mMr gmo` VoWo Ho$cr. lr{dÇ>camd Omoer M°[aQ>rO Q´>ñQ>À`m {dÚ_mZo AÜ`mnH$m§Mo _mZYZ, {dÚmÏ`mªMo nmR>çdoVZ, Ë`m§À`m ^moOZ-{Zdmg, H$nS>mcÎmm, Am¡fYmonMma B.À`m IMm©Mr ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mV `oVo. AmO `m emioV EH$m doir 25 Vo 30 {dÚmWu {ejU KoV AgVmV. `mM doXnmR>emioV do._y._§Xma \$S>Ho$ Am{U do._y.{_qbX ~moaH$a `m§Mo d¡{XH$ Am{U `m{kH$sMo AÜ``Z Pmbo. `m XmoKm§À`m AÜ``ZmH$S>o lr_hmamOm§Mo ~maH$mB©Zo bj hmoVo. `m XmoÝhr {dÚmÏ`mªda Ë`m§Mo A{Ve` ào_ hmoVo. EH$Xm lr_hmamOm§H$S>o í_lwH$_m©gmR>r Zm{nV Ambobm hmoVm. Ë`mM doir ho XmoKo ~mb{dÚmWu ~mOyZo Mmbbo hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm ~mobmdyZ KoVbo Am{U {dMmabo H$s Ë`m§Zm Ho$g H$mnÊ`mgmR>r dfm©bm {H$Vr n¡go bmJVmV ? Ë`m doir Ë`m§Zr ^rV ^rV "Mmaeo én`o bmJVmV' Ago gm§{JVbo. lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m doir Ë`m IMm©gmR>r df©^amMo åhUyZ àË`oH$s Voameo én`o Ë`m§Mo hmVr R>odbo. `m XmoKm§Zr `WmdH$me CÎm_ VèhoZo Amnbo AÜ``Z nyU© Ho$boo Am[U Z§Va _§{XamVrb gd© Ym{_©H$ {dYtÀ`m ì`dñWo_Ü`o do._y. gào JwéOtÀ`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr Ë`m§Zr ñdV:bm PmoHy$Z {Xbo. do._y. gào JwéOtÀ`m nümV _§{XamVrb gd© gU-g_ma§^, `k-`mJ `m§À`m ì`dñWoMr O~m~Xmar Vo g_W©nUo gm§^mirV AmhoV. g§ñH¥$V ^mfm Am{U dmL²>_`mÀ`m Aä`mgmgmR>r Am{U àgmamgmR>r g§ñH¥$V {dÚmnrR> gwê$ H$aÊ`mMm lr_hmamOm§Mm g§H$ën hmoVm. `m_Ü`o g§ñH¥$VÀ`m CÁÁdc ^{dî`H$mimMr J{^©V ^{dî`dmUr Amho. H$m{V©H$ 15, eH$ 1906 ({X. 8.11.1984) amoOr lr~m~m§À`m O`§Vr CËgdmV lr_hmamOm§Zr ~«÷d¥§XmÀ`m gËH$mamMm _moR>m H$m`©H«$_ Ho$cm hmoVm. _hmdñÌ (emc), lr\$i Am{U én`o 501 X{jUm XoD$Z Ë`m§À`m H$m`m©Mm Jm¡ad H$aÊ`mV Amcm. à{Vdfu Jwénm¡{U©_oÀ`m {Xder lr_hmamO do._y. {H§$OdS>oH$a JwéOr d do._y. \$UgiH$a JwéOr `m§Mr Á`oð> d¡{XH$ AmMm`© åhUyZ nyOm H$arV AgV. H$moWê$S>À`m do._y. K¡gmg JwéOtÀ`m "doX^dZ' `m nmR>emiocm VgoM aËZm{Jar, gmd§VdmS>r Aem {R>H$mUr Mmcy Agcoë`m doXnmR>emim§Zm lr_hmamOm§Zr AZoH$ àg§Jr ^anya _XV Ho$cocr Amho. AÝ` H$moR>ohr doXmÜ``ZmMo Mm§Jco H$m_ Mmcy Agoc Va lr_hmamO VËnaVoZo Ë`m§Zm _XVrMm hmV nwT>o H$arV AgV. 114 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

AZwð>mZm§à_mUoM lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV dfm©Vrc gd©M gU Am{U CËgd _moR>çm CËgmhmZo Am{U emóewÕnUo gmOao H$aÊ`mg lr_hmamOm§Zr gwédmV Ho$cr Am{U gm_w{hH$ ^º$sMm AmXe© g_mOmnwT>o R>odcm. df©^amV `oUmao JwT>r nmS>ì`mnmgyZ Vo hmoirn`ªVMo gJio gU Ë`mË`m gUm§À`m gd© d¡{eîQ>>çm§gh gmOao H$aÊ`mMr na§nam lr_hmamOm§Zr _§{XamV gwê$ Ho$cr Am{U Ë`m {Z{_ÎmmZo g_mOmÀ`m {d{dY ñVamVrc cmoH$m§Zm EH$Ì H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm g§K{Q>VnUo ^{º$_mJm©Mr dmQ>Mmc H$er H$amdr `mMo _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$co. EdT>oM Zìho Va Ë`m dmQ>MmcrMo ñdV: AJ«^mJr amhÿZ ZoV¥Ëd Ho$co. dfm©À`m gwédmVrcmM gd© gU, CËgd, g_ma§^m§Mo VmarIdma {Z`moOZ Am{U R>iH$ ê$naofm Zm|X{dcoco OUy lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamMo ñdV§Ì Ago n§Mm§JM H$aÊ`mMr lr_hmamOm§Mr nÕV hmoVr. Ë`m n§Mm§JmV {VWr, dma, VmarI Am{U Ë`m {Xder H$amd`mÀ`m Jmoï>tMo g§{já Q>rnU Ago. CXm. "M¡Ì ew && 1, ....dma, {XZm§H$..., ÜdOmamohU, JwT>r C^maUo, n§Mm§J nyOZ, df©\$c dmMZ, Zmai ~XcUo, 1 ~«m÷U ^moOZmg gm§JUo.' _§{XamV gd© gU, CËgd, Xodm{XH$m§Mo OÝ_{XZ, g§V gËnwéfm§Mo O`§Vr-nwÊ`{VWr {XZ, M¡ÌJm¡a, haVm{cH$m, dQ>nm¡{U©_m Aer d«Vo, ajm~§YZ, JUoe MVwWu, JmoHw$imï>_r, ZdamÌ, Xgam, H$moOmJar, {Xdmir Ago gmao gU gmOao hmoVmVM; na§Vw AmfmT> d && 1 amoOr cmoH$_mÝ` {Q>iH$ O`§VrÀ`m {Xder nd_mZ nR>U H$aÊ`mV `oVo; hr A{Ve` d¡{eîQ>çnyU© Jmoï> Amho. lr_hmamOm§À`m _ZmV cmoH$_mÝ` {Q>iH$m§{df`r Ho$dT>r àJmT> lÕm hmoVr ho XmI{dUmar hr lr_hmamOm§Zr gwê$ Ho$cocr na§nam AmOhr Ë`mM ^{º$^mdZoZo Mmc{dÊ`mV `oVo. gX²>Jwê$$ lr~m~m§Mr nwÊ`{VWr VgoM _mVmolr gm¡.XwJm©VmBªMr nwÊ`{VWr, lrgX²>Jwê$$ ~rS>H$a _hmamO VgoM H¡$.gm¡.AmB©gmho~ (lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m nËZr) `m§Mr nwÊ`{VWr lr_hmamO A{Ve` lÕm`wº$ A§V:H$aUmZo Am{U Jm§^r`©nyd©H$ gmOar H$arV; na§Vw _§{XamVrc gdmªV _moR>m gmohim lr~m~m§À`m OÝ_{XZmMm ! AË`§V WmQ>m_mQ>mV, CËgmhmZo gmOam hmoUmam hm lr~m~m§Mm OÝ_gmohim AZoH$ Ñï>rZo d¡{eîQ>>çnyU© Am{U AmJimdoJim AgVmo. _§{XamV hmoUmao gd©M CËgd Am{U g_ma§^ ho AmJio doJio R>aVmV. `mMo H$maU åhUOo lr_hmamOm§Zr CËgdm_mJÀ`m nmœ©^y_rMm, àWm na§nam§Mm, emñÌ Am{U g§Ho$Vm§Mm {dMma H$ê$Z Ë`m CËgdmcm EH$ ^y{_H$m qH$dm ~¡R>H$ àmá H$ê$Z {Xcr Amho. _§{XamVrc CËgd åhUOo Ho$di O„mof ZgVmo, Va Ë`m CËgdm_mJrc ^y{_Ho$Mo Vo gw§Xa àH$Q>rH$aU AgVo. AmOhr lr_hmamOm§Zr gwê$ H$obobo gd© CËgd-gU-g_ma§^, Ë`m_mJrb ^y{_H$m bjmV KoD$Z Ë`m§Zr KmbyZ {Xboë`m àWm-na§nam§Mo H$gmoerZo nmbZ H$ê$Z _§{XamV CËgmhmZo gmOao Ho$bo OmVmV. JwT>r nmS>dm - g_m{Y_§{XamV àdoeÛmamVyZ AmV Amë`mda COì`m ~mOycm Agcoë`m N>moQ>oImZr ~mJoV gZmVZ d¡{XH$ Am`©Y_m©Mr {dO` nVmH$m AgUmam Am|H$ma {MÝhm§{H$V ^Jdm S>m¡cmZo \$S>H$V AgVmo. JwT>r nmS>ì`mÀ`m {Xder hm ÜdO àmV:H$mir gw_whÿVm©da C^macm OmVmo. lr_hmamO O`§Ë`m nd] _hmoËgd.. / 115

ÜdOñV§^mnmer gd©àW_ ÜdOmMo emómoº$ nÕVrZo nyOZ H$am`Mo Am{U Z§Va lrgX²>Jwê$$ ~m~m _hmamO Am{U Jwéna§naoÀ`m O`KmofmV ÜdO C^macm OmV Ago. CnpñWV ñÌr-nwéf ÜdO àmW©Zm åhUV AgV. àma§^r H$mhr dfª "Z_ñVo gXm dËgco _mV¥^y_o' hr g§ñH¥$V àmW©Zm åhUÊ`mV `oV Ago; na§Vw Z§Va lr_hmamOm§Zr EH$ A{Ve` AmoOñdr Ago "ÜdO d§XZ_²' ho H$mì` {c{hco Am{U AmVm ÜdOmamohU àg§Jr Vo Ooìhm IS>çm AmdmOmV Jm`co OmVo, Ë`m doir Ë`mVrc gmÜ`mgmoß`m na§Vw àmgm{XH$ eãXm§Mm AW© _ZmV CVaV OmVmo Am{U A§Jmda amo_m§MmÀ`m char Xm¡Sy>Z OmVmV. ""ñdamï´> Y_© ajUm` Xo{h em¡`©_wÎm__² Ÿ& ~c§ `e: gwI: àX§ ñdXoe ^{º$g§`wV_² Ÿ& ËdXr`_mZ ajUmW©_{n©Vm{__m§ VZw_² Ÿ& gX¡d d§XZ§ H$amo{_ {ZË`{_pÀN>Vw§ O`_² Ÿ&&'' `m n§º$s åhUVmZm, lr_hmamOm§Mr CËH$Q> ñdamï´>- ñdY_© àrVr AmR>dyZ AmOhr lr_hmamOm§À`m {eî`m§À`m S>moù`m§À`m H$S>m AmocmdVmV. lr_hmamOm§Zr Ho$di H$moaS>o eãX Zìho Va IamoIaM Amncr VZw ñdamï´>-ñdY_m©À`m gÝ_mZ-ajUmW© An©U Ho$cr hmoVr. lr_hmamOm§À`m Ë`mJmMm gwJ§Y `m H$mì`mÀ`m eãXgwam§Zm, Ame`mcm Agë`m_wioM ÜdOmamohUmÀ`m doir dmVmdaU ^mê$Z Q>mH$Ê`mMo gm_Ï`© `m ÜdOJrVmV Amho. ÜdOmMo dU©Z H$aVmZm lr_hmamOm§Zr Vmo "gwdU© gÑe§ à^m`wV§' Am{U "gX¡d {Z_©c_²' Amho Ago åhQ>co Amho. _§{XamVrc hm Y_©ÜdO M¡Ì ew && 1 (JwT>r nmS>dm), AmfmT> nm¡{U©_m (Jwénm¡{U©_m), Am{œZ ew && 10 ({dO`mXe_r) Am{U H$m{V©H$ ew && 14 (lr~m~m§À`m O`§Vr CËgdmMm àW_ {XZ), `m Mma {Xder ~Xccm OmV Ago. _mÌ AmVm {dO`mXe_r EodOr lr_hmamOm§À`m O`§Vr{XZr åhUOo Am{œZ ew && Aï>_rcm Vmo ~Xccm OmVmo. ÜdOmamohUmZ§Va JwT>r nmS>ì`mÀ`m {Xder gH$mir JwT>r C^r H$aUo, n§Mm§J nyOZ, df©\$c dmMZ, H$Sw>qZ~mMr nmZo dJ¡a|Mr MQ>Ur Ago gd© nma§n[aH$ {dYr Ho$co OmVmV. _moR>çm CËgmhmZo ^º$_§S>ir lr~m~m§Zm Am{U lr_hmamOm§Zm Zddf©{XZr d§XZ H$ê$Z Amerdm©X KoÊ`mgmR>r _§{XamV `oVmV. amï´>ÜdO nyOZ - 15 Am°JñQ> hm ^maVmMm ñdmV§Í`{XZ Am{U 26 OmZodmar hm àOmgÎmmH$ {XZ _§{Xam_Ü`o ÜdOd§XZ H$ê$Z Am{U amï´>JrVmMo Jm`Z H$ê$Z gmOam Ho$cm OmVmo. lr_hmamO ñdmV§Í` MidirV g{H«$` hmoVo. Ë`m XoXrß`_mZ H$mcI§S>mcm Am{U gd© kmV-AkmV ñdmV§Í`dram§Zm _mZd§XZm XoÊ`mgmR>r ho {Xdg _§{XamV gmOao H$aÊ`mMr na§nam lr_hmamOm§Zr gwê$ Ho$cr. hiXrHw§$Hy$ - M¡Ì ewÕ V¥Vr`ocm lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV M¡ÌJm¡arMr ñWmnZm Ho$cr OmVo. hZw_mZ O`§VrMm CËgd Pmcm H$s Z§Va `oUmè`m _§Jidmar qH$dm ewH«$dmar gm`§H$mir ^{JZtgmR>r hiXrHw§$Hy$ H$aÊ`mV `oVo. Ho$iH$a {MÌemioVyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr XmoZ gw§Xa {MÌo H$adyZ KoVcocr AmhoV. EH$ _{hfmgya_{X©ZrMo Va Xwgè`m {MÌmV M¡ÌJm¡arg_moa hiXrHw§$Hy$ g_ma§^mgmR>r O_coë`m pñÌ`m-_wcr AmaVr H$arV AmhoV Agm XoImdm Amho. 8 \y$Q> x 10 \y$Q> AmH$mamMr hr ^ì` {MÌo hiXrHw§$Hy$ g_ma§^mÀ`m OmJr cmdcr 116 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

OmVmV. _I_cr Jm{cMo, emo{^d§V PmS>m§À`m Hw§$S>çm, hma-\w$co, a§Jr~oa§Jr {dOoÀ`m _mim Am{U gwdm{gZtZr H$mT>coë`m gw§Xa am§Jmoù`m Agm _moR>m ZoÌXrnH$ WmQ> AgVmo. Amamg Ho$coë`m OmJr _§{XamVyZ M¡ÌJm¡a AmUyZ R>odVmV. "Jm¡a' hr _mhoadmerU Amho `m ^mdZoZo {VMo ñdmJV H$aÊ`mV `oVo. Jm¡a Pmonmù`mda ñWmnZ Ho$cocr AgVo. CÝhmù`mMo {Xdg Agë`m_wio {Vcm àgÞ, gwIH$maH$ dmQ>mdo åhUyZ H¡$arMo nÝho, H¡$arMr S>mi, _moJè`mMm JOam, AÎma, Jwcm~nmUr Agm ga§Om_ AgVmo. H$mH$S>r, ~Îmmgm, gwdm{gH$ \w$co {Vcm dmhVmV. {^Ocoë`m Ho$ear ha^è`m§Zr {VMr AmoQ>r ^acr OmVo. AmoQ>r ^aUmè`m, am§Jmoù`m H$mT>Umè`m, gOmdQ> H$aUmè`m, g_ma§^mMr V`mar H$aUmè`m gmè`mM {ó`m _moR>çm hm¡goZo ZD$dmar gmS>r ZogyZ `oVmV. lr_hmamOm§Mm Vgm AmJ«h Ago Am{U AmVm Vmo [admO hm¡goZo nmicm OmVmo. ho gd© nXmW© Xodrcm An©U H$aÊ`mnydu EH$ doJim Z¡doÚ lr~m~m§Zm XmI{dcm OmVmo. lr_hmamO ñdV: OmVrZo cj KmcyZ gOmdQ> Am{U nyd©V`mar H$adyZ KoV AgV. H$mhr nwéf ñd`§godH$hr _XVrgmR>r CnpñWV AgVmV. na§Vw, _w»`V: ñd`§godH$ ^{JZrM H$m_mMm gd© ^ma hgV-IoiV CMcVmV. Ë`mgmR>r XwnmaÀ`m ^moOZmnmgyZM _§{XamV `oVmV Am{U H$m_mcm cmJVmV. gm`§H$mir nmM dmOë`mnmgyZ gwdm{gZr _wcm~mim§gh ZD$dmar gmS>çm, Ac§H$ma, ZmH$mV ZW KmcyZ AË`§V CËgmhmZo _§{XamV `oVmV. `m gmè`mOUr _mhoar Amcoë`m lr_hmamOm§À`mM coH$s~mir ! Ë`m§Mohr ñdmJV Jm¡argmaIo AmZ§XmZo Am{U AmnwcH$sZo hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm hiXr-Hw§$Hy$, AÎma-Jwcm~, gwJ§Yr \y$c, _moJè`mMm JOam, _moR>r H$mH$S>r, VihmVmEdT>m _moR>m ~Îmmgm, ÐmoUmVyZ H¡$arMr S>mi Am{U Z§Va Img _§{XamV ~Zdcoco AmBgH«$s_ XoÊ`mV `oVo. hiXr-Hw§$Hy$ H$amdo hr àË`oH$ gwdm{gZrMr BÀN>m AgVo; na§Vw gdmªZmM Vo n[apñWVr_wio eŠ` hmoVo Ago Zmhr. H$moUmOdi _Zwî`~i Zgoc, H$moUmH$S>o nwaoer OmJm Zgoc, H$moUmMr Am{W©H$ n[apñWVr _moR>m IM© H$aÊ`mEdT>r Zgoc, H$moUmMr EdT>r XJXJ H$aÊ`mEdT>r emar[aH$ j_Vm Zgoc, na§Vw hm¡g _mÌ gdmªZmM AgVo. lr~m~m§Mo _§{Xa ho AmncoM Ka Amho Aer ^mdZm _Zmer ~miJyZ `m g_ma§^mV gm_rc Pmë`mZo `m pñÌ`m§Zm AdU©Zr` AmZ§X {_iVmo. Ë`m§Mr hm¡g-_m¡Ohr nwa{dcr OmVo. _§{Xamer Agcoco ZmVo A{YH$ KÅ> hmoVo. H$cmJwUm§Zm dmd {_iVmo. EH$_oH$m§er n[aM` dmT>Vmo. EH$m n[admamMr ^mdZm {Z_m©U hmoVo. `m gmè`mMm {dMma H$ê$Z lr_hmamO hm g_ma§^ A{Ve` CÎm_ VèhoZo hmoB©c `mgmR>r ~maH$mB©Zo gmè`m Jmoï>r H$ê$Z KoV AgV. hiXr-Hw§$Hy$ g_ma§^mgmR>r `oUmè`m {ó`m§Zm _§{Xamn`ªV gmoS>m`cm `oUmè`m Am{U Xe©ZmgmR>r _§{XamV Amcoë`m nwéfm§Zmhr H¡$arMr S>mi Am{U AmBgH«$s_ {Xco OmVo. nwéfm§gmR>r doJir ~¡R>H$ ì`dñWm Ho$cocr AgVo Am{U VoWo Ë`m§Zm ^anya S>mi-AmBgH«$s_ XoÊ`mV `oVo. lr_hmamO àË`oH$mcm AmJ«hmZo ^anya AmBgH«$s_ Im`cm Úm`Mo. àË`oH$mcm {dMmam`Mo, ""H$m` ao {H$Vr H$n AmBgH«$s_ O`§Ë`m nd] _hmoËgd.. / 117

Im„og ?'' Ë`mZo ""Mma H$n Im„o'' Ago gm§{JVco Var lr_hmamO ào_mZo Ë`mcm gm§Jm`Mo, ""_J AmVm Ag§ H$a, nwÝhm Om Am{U AmUIr Mma H$n AmBgH«$s_ ImD$Z `o Am{U _cm Vg§ gm§JyZ _J H$moR>o Vmo Om ! Ë`m{edm` BWyZ Kar OmVm `oUma Zmhr.'' lr_hmamOm§À`m Aem {Oìhmù`mMm, A§V:H$aUnyd©H$ n«o_mMm AZw^d KoVcoco eoH$S>mo ^º$ AmOhr `m AmR>dUr gm§JVmV. lr_X²^mJdV gámh - Ajæ` V¥Vr`m Vo lrZ¥qgh O`§Vr `m H$mcmdYrV à{Vdfu lr_X²^mJdV gámh hmoV Ago. lr_hmamO åhUV AgV H$s, _hm^maVmVrc amOm§À`m Z{e~r Xw:I Am{U AV¥áVmM dmQ>çmcm Amcr. na§Vw lr_X²^mJdVm_Ü`o Ho$coë`m ^Jd§VmÀ`m JwUdU©ZmZo A§V:H$aUmVrc C_u em§V hmoD$Z àË`oH$ amOm _mojnXmMm A{YH$mar Pmcm. lr.nmR>H$emñÌr gH$miÀ`m gÌmV, AmR> Vo Xwnmar ~mam-gmS>o~mam dmOon`ªV, lr_X²^mJdVmMr g§{hVm (nmoWr) dmMrV AgV Am{U gm`§H$mir VrZ Vo ghm-gmS>oghm dmOon`ªV J«§WmMm AW© gm§JyZ {ddoMZ H$arV. `m gámhmgmR>r lr_hmamOm§Zr XmoZ ^ì` V¡c{MÌo H$adyZ KoVcr hmoVr. lrewH$mMm`© nar{jV amOmcm lr_X²>^mJdV H$WZ H$arV AmhoV Ago Ñî` EH$m {MÌmV a§J{dcoco Amho. F$ftÀ`m emnm_wio `oD$ KmVcoë`m _¥Ë`ycm gm_moao OmÊ`mMo Y¡`© nar{jVmcm lr_X²>^mJdV ldUmZo cm^co. gVV ^«_U H$arV AgUmao ewH$mMm`© `m EH$_od àg§Jr EH$mM OmJr gmV {Xdg Wm§~co. lr_X²>^mJdVmMo WmoanU AYmoao{IV H$aUmam hm àg§J àdMZmÀ`m doir nmœ©^mJr cmdÊ`m_mJo lr_hmamOm§Mr {dcjU H$ënH$Vm, a{gH$Vm Am{U Cƒ A{^éMr R>iH$nUo OmUdVo. Xwgao {MÌ, lrH¥$îUmZo H$am§Jwcrda JmodY©Z VmocyZ Yacm Amho Am{U gd§JS>r ~mc Jmonmim§Zr Amnmnë`m H$mR>çm§Mmhr AmYma {Xcm Amho Ago _moR>o ~mocHo$ {MÌ Amho. B§ÐmMo nyOZ Z Ho$ë`m_wio g§VmnyZ Ë`mZo déUmH$adr A{Vd¥ï>r H$ê$Z JmoHw$imV àc` {Z_m©U Ho$cm. Ë`m doir ^JdmZ H¥$îUm§Zr Amnë`m X¡dr eº$sZo H$am§Jwcrda JmodY©Z nd©V CMcyZ Ë`mÀ`m N>ÌmImcr JmoHw$idm{g`m§Zm gwa{jV R>odco. _mÌ lo` ñdV:H$S>o Z KoVm, Jmonmim§Zm Amnë`m H$mR>çm§Zr JmodY©Z nd©Vmcm AmYma Úm`cm gm§{JVcm Am{U Ë`m§À`mV EH$OyQ> Am{U AmË_{dœmg {Z_m©U Ho$cm. emór~wdm§À`m AmgZmÀ`m XmoÝhr ~mOyg emo^oÀ`m PmS>m§À`m Hw§$S>çm, a§JrV _mim dJ¡ao cmdyZ ì`mgnrR> CÎm_arË`m e¥§Jmaco Om`Mo. EH$m ~mOyg IwMuda gwaoI Jm{cMm KmcyZ Ë`mda ^JdmZ lrH¥$îUm§Mr _mohH$ Vg~ra ñWmnZ H$ê$Z Ë`mMr XaamoO nyOm Ho$cr Om`Mr. ì`mgnrR>mOdi emñÌr~wdm§gmR>r nmUr, XyY, ñdV§Ì n§Im Aer gd© Oæ`V ì`dñWm Ho$cocr Agm`Mr. {Xdg CÝhmù`mMo Agë`mZo lmoË`m§gmR>rgwÕm n§»`mMr gmo` Ho$cocr Agm`Mr. gm`§H$mir {ddoMZmÀ`m doir EH$ N>moQ>o _Ü`§Va Agm`Mo. Ë`m doir lmoË`m§gmR>r MhmnmZ ìhm`Mo. gH$mir g§{hVm dmMZmÀ`m doir \$mago H$moUr ldUmcm ~gV Zgo; _mÌ gm`§H$miÀ`m agmi {ddoMZmÀ`m doir Iyn JXu Ago. lr_hmamOhr 118 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

H$mhr doim lmoË`m§À`m ~mOyg nmQ>mda ~gyZ lr_X²>^mJdV ldU H$arV. lr_X²>^mJdVmVrc gdm©V agmi ^mJ åhUOo lrH¥$îU OÝ_mMm àg§J ! `m gmohù`mgmR>r _wÔm_ H$adyZ KoVcocm nmiUm nmZm-\w$cm§Zr gOdyZ V`ma Ho$cocm Ago. `m àg§Jr lrH¥$îUmMo àVrH$ åhUyZ nmiÊ`mV lr\$i R>odyZ nmiUm åhUV AgV. lr_hmamO CnpñWV gd© lmoË`m§Zm àË`oH$s EH$ én`m nmiÊ`mV An©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r XoV AgV. nmiÊ`mVrc lr\$i EImÚm AnË`oÀNw>H$ ñÌrÀ`m nXamV àgmX åhUyZ KmcrV AgV. H§$gdYmÀ`m doir H§$gmMo àVrH$ åhUyZ Zmai \$moS>cm OmV Ago. gwXm_m ^oQ>rÀ`m doir H$WoMm n[anmof hmoÊ`mgmR>r lmoË`m§Zm àgmX åhUyZ nmoho dmQ>co OmV. gámhmMr gm§JVm Pmë`mda, lrZ¥qgh O`§VrÀ`m {Xder gH$mir emñÌr~wdm _mHª$S>o` nwamU Am{U JmoH$U© _mhmËå` `mda {ddoMZ H$arV. Ë`mZ§Va CnpñWV lmoË`m§H$Sy>Z {dîUwghòZm_ Am{U gm_wXm{`H$ JrVmdmMZ hmoV Ago. Ë`mgmR>r AmXë`m {Xder lmoË`m§Zm JrVoMo nwñVH$ AmUÊ`mMr gyMZm Ho$cr OmV Ago. gm_wXm{`H$ dmMZmZ§Va J«§WnyOZ Am{U emñÌr~wdm§Mo nyOZ H$ê$Z lmoVo emñÌr~wdm§Zm dñÌ, lr\$i XoD$Z H¥$VkVm ì`ŠV H$arV. lr~m~m§Mr nwÊ`{VWr - lmdU dÚ MVwWu hr lrgX²>Jwê$$ ~m~m§Mr nwÊ`{VWr. 1956 gmcr lr~m~m§Mr Xwgar nwÊ`{VWr _wgiYma nmdgmV lr_hmamOm§Zr lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamVM gmOar Ho$cr. qnS>XmZ, ~«m÷U ^moOZ BË`mXr {dYr _§{XamVM H$aÊ`mV Amco. Ë`mZ§Va 1959 gmcr {ZdmgñWmZmMo ~m§YH$m_ nyU© Pmco. Ë`m dfuÀ`m gm§JVoÀ`m H$sV©ZmÀ`m doir lr_hmamOm§Zr gm§{JVco H$s `mnwT>o lr~m~m§Mm O`§Ë`wËgd VrZ {Xdgm§Mm Agoc Am{U nwÊ`{VWr CËgd EH$ {XdgmMm Agoc. VoìhmnmgyZ O`§Ë`wËgd _moR>çm à_mUmV gmOam hmoD$ cmJcm. nwÊ`{VWrÀ`m {Xder gH$mir lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV {dS>m R>odyZ àmW©Zm H$aÊ`mV `oVo. AmVm _§{XamV AI§S> Zm_ñ_aU gwê$ Amho. na§Vw nydu Ho$di {deof CËgdm§À`m doir 24 Vmg Zm_ñ_aU H$aÊ`mMr nÕV hmoVr. lr~m~m§À`m nwÊ`{VWrÀ`m {Xderhr gH$mirM Zm_ñ_aUmcm gwédmV hmoV Ago. gH$mir lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV cKwéÐm{^foH$ H$aÊ`mV `oB©. lrdmgwXodmZ§Vgañd{V {ZdmgmÀ`m dmñVwXodVoÀ`m ImocrV lmÕ{dYrcm gmYmaU gH$mir 11 dmOVm gwédmV hmoB©. lr_hmamO ñdV: lmÕmcm ~gV AgV. hm {dYr AmQ>monë`mda ^moOZ hmoB©. gm`§H$mir àdMZ hmoV Ago. amÌr g§H$ï>r MVwWu Agë`m_wio ghòmdV©Zo Am{U AmaVr Pmë`mda Am{U M§ÐmoX` Pmë`mda Z¡doÚ Am{U _hmàgmX hmoB©. Ë`mZ§Va lr_hmamO ñdV: H$sV©Z H$arV. lr_hmamO amÌr Cndmg gmoS>VmZm Xwnmar Ho$coco lmÕmMo gd© nXmW© àgmX åhUyZ ^moOZmV KoV AgV. g§H$ï>r{Z{_Îm CH$S>rÀ`m _moXH$m§Mm àgmXhr ^moOZmV Ago. lr_hmamO {ZdmgñWmZmVrc KwgiIm§~mOdi ^moOZmcm ~gV Am{U ^am^a OodU CaHy$Z cJ~JrZo A§JaIm, \o$Q>m n[aYmZ H$ê$Z H$sV©ZmgmR>r g‚m hmoV. Ë`m doir gmWrXma Am{U lmoV¥dJ© dJ¡ao gmè`m§MrM ^moOZ CaHy$Z `oVmZm \$maM O`§Ë`m nd] _hmoËgd.. / 119

Vmam§~i CS>o. gwédmVrMr VrZ dfª åhUOo 1958 n`ªV S>m°.{_amer nwÊ`{VWrMo H$sV©Z H$arV AgV. 1959 gmcmnmgyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr ñdV: H$sV©Z godm gwê$ Ho$cr. lr~m~m§Mm {Zdm©UH$mc amÌr 12 dmOyZ 28 {_{ZQ>mM § m Agë`mZo H$sV©Z g§ndyZ R>rH$ 12 dmOyZ 28 {_{ZQ>mZ§ r lr~m~m§Mr AmaVr hmoB.© Ë`mZ§Va "Jwê$ _hmamO Jwê$$ O` O` na~«÷ gX²>Jêw $$' Ago _wImZo åhUV lr_hmamO, lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{Xamcm VrZ àX{jUm KmcrV; Ë`m doir Ë`m§Mo nmR>r gd© CnpñWV lmoVd¥ J©hr àX{jUm KmcrV Ago. _Ü`amÌ CcQy>Z Jocc o r Amho, gd©Ì em§VVm ngacocr Amho Aem J§^ra dmVmdaUmV lr_hmamO Amnë`m gX²>Jwê§$À`m ñ_aUmZo, XmQ>coë`m H§$R>mZo "Jwê$$ _hmamO Jwê$' åhUV àX{jUm _mJm©da PnmPn nmdco Q>mH$V OmV. Ë`m doir ^º$OZhr lr_hmamOm§À`m ^mdZoer VÐyn hmoD$Z OmV Am{U lr~m~m§À`m AmR>dUrZo gmao dmVmdaU J§^ra hmoD$Z OmB©. àX{jUoZV§ a lr~m~m§À`m g_mYrda dm{hcocr \w$co lr_hmamO ^º$m§Zm àgmX åhUyZ XoV AgV. AZwnpñWV ^º$m§Zmhr AmR>dUrZo Xwgè`m H$moUm ^º$mOdi, hñVo-nahñVo hm àgmX lr_hmamO AJXr ñ_aUnydH© $ nmR>drV. nydr© lr_hmamO ñd`§godH$m§H$adr g_m{Y_§{Xam~mhoa JmoaJar~ cmoH$m§Zm cmSy> àgmX åhUyZ dmQ>rV AgV. na§Vw Ë`m§À`m d¥ÎmrV AZwHy$c Agm H$moUVmM ~Xc hmoV Zmhr ho nmhÿZ nwT>o lr_hmamOm§Zr ho àgmX dmQ>n ~§X Ho$co. JmoHw$imï>_r - OÝ_mï>_rÀ`m _Ü`amÌr g_m{Y_§{XamV "lrh[a{dO`' `m J«§WmVrc lrH¥$îU OÝ_mÜ`m`mMo dmMZ lr_hmamO ñdV: H$arV; Ë`mZ§Va AmaVr hmoD$Z VrW©-àgmX, gw§R>dS>m, {IamnV gdmªZm {Xcr OmB© Am{U Z§Va H$m°\$snmZ hmoB©. Xwgè`m {Xder g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m ~mOycm A§JUmV VrZ h§S>çm ~m§Yë`m OmV. _Ycr h§S>r WmoS>r A{YH$ C§Mrda Am{U gdmªV _moR>r, EH$mda EH$ VrZ h§S>çm qeH$mù`mV R>do Zy da Zmai R>do Zy ~m§Ycocr Agm`Mr. Va ~mOyÀ`m XmoZ h§S>çm WmoS>çm H$_r C§Mrda Agm`À`m. gd©M h§S>çm§Mr C§Mr _m\$H$ Agm`Mr. C§M h§S>çm ~m§YyZ {Odmer IoiUo Am{U a§JmMm ~oa§J hmoUo lr_hmamOm§À`m gmdY d¥ÎmrV ~gUmao ZìhVo. h§S>çmVyZ Xhr, VmH$, cmøm, Jwcmc `m§Mo {_lU Ago. h§S>çm§gmR>r C^macoë`m Im§~m§Zm Am{U H$_mZrcm AemoH$d¥jmÀ`m S>hmù`m§Zr gO{dcoco Ago Am{U XmQ> nmZmV g§nUy n© Uo cnyZ OmVrc Aem arVrZo Ho$ir, S>mqi~, noê$, H$mH$S>çm Aer ~mi-Jmonmim§Zm {à` \$io cmdcocr AgV. gm`§H$mir nmM-gmS>no mMÀ`m gw_mamcm lr_hmamO XhrH$më`mÀ`m H$sV©Zmcm C^o amhmV. lrH¥$îUmÀ`m JmoHw$imVrc ~mbcrcm Am{U Ë`m_mJrc amOH$s` Am{U gm_m{OH$ g§X^© Vo lmoË`m§Zm g_OmdyZ XoV. lrH¥$îUmZo JmoHw$imVrc XyYXw^Vo _Wwaocm nmR>{dÊ`mg {damoY Ho$cm; H$maU Vo XyYXw^Vo ImD$Z _WwaoVrc amjg CÝ_Îm hmoV hmoVo Am{U gH$g AÞmA^mdr JmoHw$imVrc Jmonmi _mÌ XrZ-Xw~io Pmco hmoVo. amjgm§Mm à{VH$ma H$aÊ`mMo ~iM Ë`m§À`m A§Jr am{hco ZìhVo. ho Xwï>MH« ^oXÊ`mgmR>r lrH¥$îUmZo 120 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

VoWrc gd©gm_mÝ` OZVoMo Am§XmocZ gwê$ Ho$co. BWë`m XyYXw^Ë`mda n{hcm h¸$ `m ~miJmonmim§Mm Amho, XyY-cmoUr ImD$Z Vr ~cg§nÞ Pmcr nm{hOoV VaM Vr _WwaoVrc Owc_r amjgm§Mo AmH«$_U naVdyZ cmdÊ`mg g_W© R>aVrc. na§Vw gm_monMmamZo _m{JVë`mda H$moUr cj XoV Zmhr åhUyZ lrH¥$îUmZo JmoHw$idm{g`m§Zm AÔc KS>{dÊ`mgmR>r XømXwYmMr Mmoar H$aUo gwê$ Ho$co. Amnë`m XoemVrc gÚpñWVrcm hm nm¡am{UH$ g§X^© H$gm MnIc cmJy nS>Vmo ho gm§JVmZm lr_hmamO gm§JV H$s, AmOhr AmnU XoemVrc CËH¥$ï> AÞYmÝ` naXoemV H$dS>r_mocmZo {dH$Vmo Am{U Ë`m§Mo {ZH¥$ï> AÞYmÝ` `m XoemVrc JmoaJar~ OZVoÀ`m _mWr _maVmo. Ë`m_wio AmO `m XoemVrc `wdm{nT>r H$_Omoa, {Z:gÎd Pmcr Amho. Amncm gZmVZ d¡{XH$ Y_© Am{U Amnco amï´> ~cdmZ H$am`Mo Agoc Va VéU {nT>r ~cemcr Pmcr nm{hOo. Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm gH$g AÞ _m\$H$ XamV CncãY Pmco nm{hOo. Ë`m§À`m_Ü`o ~cg§dY©ZmMr, ì`m`m_mMr JmoS>r {Z_m©U Pmcr nm{hOo. ~¡R>çm Ioim§nojm hþVyVy, h_m_m, ImoImo, Hw$ñVr Aem _¡XmZr Ioim§Mr Am{U Ë`m OmoS>rcm X§S>, ~¡R>H$m, gy`©Z_ñH$ma Aem ì`m`m_mMr AmdS> Ë`m§À`m_Ü`o Omonmgcr nm{hOo. ì`m`m_mMr JmoS>r {Z_m©U H$aUo Am{U nm¡{ï>H$ ImÚnXmW© d \$i\$imdi `m§Mo EH${ÌH$aU åhUOoM ^Jd§VmMm JmonmiH$mcm. lr_hmamO lrH¥$îUm§À`m ~mccrcm§Mo, Ë`mÀ`m gd§JS>çm§~amo~aÀ`m Ioi, X§Jm_ñVrMo dU©Z H$aVmZm _Ü`oM H¥$îUmÀ`m ^y{_Ho$VyZ ""E n|Úm @'' Aer hmH$ _mam`Mo. Ë`m doir àojH$m§VyZ lr.CÕdamd Im§S>oH$a ho d`mod¥Õ ^º$ h_Img C^o amhÿZ CËñ\y$V©nUo "Amo' Úm`Mo Am{U lmoV¥dJm©V hmñ`mMm H$„moi CR>m`Mm. lrH¥$îU Am{U Jmonmim§À`m IoimMo dU©Z H$aVmZm lr_hmamO _Ü`oM lmoË`m§Zm Ë`m IoimV gh^mJr hmoÊ`mMo AmdmhZ H$am`Mo Am{U H$sV©ZmÀ`m `m _Ü`§VamV gd© chmZ-_moR>o lmoVo CËgmhmZo _§{Xam~mhoa IoimgmR>r {ZKm`Mo. Ë`m doir lr_hmamO lmoË`m§Zm Xhrnmoho, g\$aM§XmÀ`m \$moS>r Am{U S>mqi~mMo XmUo `m§Mo {_lU àgmX åhUyZ XoV. gdmªZm cmoUrhr dmQ>Ê`mV `oB©. Aem doir lr_hmamO, lrH¥$îU gd§JS>çm§Zm H$go ào_mZo ImD$ KmcV Ago, H$gm IQ>çminUm H$arV Ago ho XmI{dÊ`mgmR>r _Ü`oM EImÚmÀ`m ZmH$mcm qH$dm Jmcmda, Vm|S>mda cmoUr \$merV AgV. Aem AmZ§X H$„moimV gd© _§S>ir _§{Xam~mhoa O_m hmoV Am{U hþVyVy, Imo-Imo, Omoa, ~¡R>H$m, MH«$sX§S>, añgrIoM Aem {d{dY Ioim§Mr EH$M KmB© CS>o. lr_hmamOm§Zr nydm©`wî`mV H$gyZ ì`m`m_ Ho$cocm hmoVm. Ë`m_wio Vo ñdV: YmoVamMm H$mMm _mê$Z {d{dY ì`m`m_ àH$mam§Mr gwédmV H$arV. Vo nmhÿZ _J CËgmh `oD$Z lmoË`m§_Yrc AJXr àm¡T>hr O_oc Vem, Ponoc VodT>çm Omoa ~¡R>H$m _maUo gwê$ H$arV. VéUm§Zm Va lr_hmamOm§nwT>o Amnco H$m¡eë` XmIdyZ nmR>rda em~mgH$sMr Wmn {_i{dÊ`mMr gwdU©g§YrM Ago. _J \w$JS>çm gwê$ hmoV. doJdoJio Ioi IoiÊ`mgmR>r _wcm§Mm EH$ Am{U àm¡T>m§Mm EH$ Ago JQ> H$arV Am{U _J c§JS>r, Imo-Imo, hþVyVy, Zm¡H$m`wÕ, qdMy`wÕ, KmoS>m`wÕ, H$m|~S>r Pw§O, dmK-eoir, añgrIoM Ago AZoH$ Ioi gwê$ hmoV. nydu O`§Ë`m nd] _hmoËgd.. / 121

lr_hmamO ñdV: IoimV ^mJ ¿`m`Mo. nU nwT>o d`mo_mZmà_mUo Ë`m§Zr n§MmMr ^y{_H$m ñdrH$macr. Ioi g§në`mda "JmoqdXm Jmonmim'À`m JOamV gd©OU _§{Xam^modVr EH$ àX{jUm KmcyZ h§S>rOdi `oV Am{U n{hcr h§S>r \$moS>V. `mà_mUo VrZ àX{jUm KmcyZ VrZhr h§S>çm \$moS>ë`m OmV. h§S>çm \$moS>VmZm ~miJmonmim§Mm CËgmh Amog§Sy>Z OmV Ago. lr_hmamO ñdV: gdmªÀ`m A§Jmda nmUr CS>drV AgV. A{Ve` CËgmhmZo ~miJmonmim§Zm àmoËgmhZ XoV AgV. H$moU H$gm h§S>r \$moS>Vmo`, H$go Wa C^o amhmV AmhoV, H$go H$mogiV AmhoV, gmaogmao AË`§V AmZ§XmZo nmhmV AgV. OUy IQ>çmi JmonmcH¥$îUM lr_hmamOm§À`m A§Jr g§Mmacoco AgV. ~miJmonmim§Mm CËgmh JJZmcm {^S>cocm Ago. noê$, g§Ìr, _mog§~r, H$mH$S>çm Aer gOmdQ>rV cndcocr \$io {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r EH$M Pw§~S> CS>mcr Amho, h§S>rn`ªV nmohmoMÊ`mgmR>r Mmccoë`m YS>nS>rV dma§dma Wa H$mogiV AmhoV, _YyZM nmÊ`mMo \$dmao AZno{jVnUo A§Jmda nS>V AmhoV, ñdV:Mo H$nS>o H$moaS>o R>odÊ`mgmR>r WmoS>o Xya C^o amhÿZ J§_V nmhmUmè`m EImÚmÀ`m S>moŠ`mda hiyM nmÊ`mZo ^acocr ~mXcr [aH$m_r H$ê$Z, ZI{eImÝV Am§Kmoi KmVcr OmV Amho, Vmohr _J CËgmhmZo JXuV gm_rc hmoV Amho, Ago gmao M¡VÝ`_` JmoHw$iM VoWo AdVam`Mo. h§S>çm \$moS>Zy Pmë`m H$s gd© ^º$_§S>ir ñZmZ H$ê$Z H$nS>o ~XcyZ _§{XamV `oD$Z ~gV. lr_hmamO Va Ho$ìhmM V`ma hmoD$Z _§{XamV Amcoco Agm`Mo Am{U nwÝhm Q>mi-_¥XJ§ mÀ`m gmWrZo H$sV©Z nwT>o gwê$ hmoB.© H$sV©ZmMm g_mamon H$aVmZm lr_hmamO nwÝhm EH$Xm gH$g Amhma Am{U ì`m`m_ `mMo _hÎd {dfX H$ê$Z gm§JV AgV. ""OJmV Xw~©cm§À`m dmQ>Urcm Zoh_rM Hw$Moï>m, AdhocZm, AË`mMma `oVmV. åhUyZ ~cmonmgZm H$am. Amncm Y_© Am{U Amnco amï´> `m§À`m CÞVrgmR>r Am{U ajUmgmR>r g_mO ~cemcr Agcm nm{hOo. "eara_mÚ§ Icw Y_© gmYZ_²' ho gX¡d cjmV R>odm. Am`mªÀ`m {d{O{Jfw na§naoMo AmnU nmB©H$ AmhmoV ho {dgê$ ZH$m. "g§h{V: H$m`©gm{YH$m' ho EH$sÀ`m ~imMo gyÌ ^Jd§VmZr n|Úm-gwXmå`m§Zm ~amo~a KoD$Z JmodY©Z nd©V CMcÊ`mÀ`m crcoVyZ AmnUmcm {eH${dco Amho. amï´>moÞVrgmR>r EH$ XmoKm§Zr Zìho Va AmnU gdmªZrM à`ËZerc ~Zm`cm hdo. _mPo nmR>~i Vwåhmcm `m H$m`m©V gX¡d amhrc,'' Agohr lr_hmamO gm§JV AgV. H$sV©Z g§në`mda nydu gdmªZm \$moS>UrMo nmoho àgmX åhUyZ {Xco OmV; na§Vw nwT>o gdmªZmM _§{XamV ^moOZ {Xco OmD$ cmJco. Xhrh§S>rÀ`m CËgdmcm EH$ {demc gm_m{OH$ n[a_mU XoD$Z lr_hmamOm§Zr g_mOmV ~cg§dY©Z, gm_m{OH$ EoŠ` Am{U amï´>^º$sMo ~rO amodÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mMm Cn`moJ Ho$cm; AÝ`Wm Vmo Ho$di EH$ Ym{_©H$ CËgd R>acm AgVm. na§Vw lr_hmamO _mÌ Zoh_rM "ñdY_©' Am{U "ñdamï´>' `m§À`m CÞVrgmR>r PQ>V hmoVo. EH$mM doir ì`º$s Am{U g_ï>rgmR>r Ë`m§Mo H$m`© Mmcy hmoVo Am{U Ë`m_wioM _§{XamV hmoUmè`m chmZ _moR>çm CËgdm§_Ü`o JmonmiH$më`mMo ñWmZ AË`§V AmJiodoJio Amho. _hmamï´>mV gd©Xya hm CËgd gmOam hmoVmoM; na§Vw Ë`mVhr lr_hmamOm§Zr _§{XamVrc `m CËgdmÛmao {Xcoë`m 122 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

{eH$dUwH$s_wio, `m CËgdmMo ñWmZ EH$_odm{ÛVr`M Amho. JUoemoËgd - lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamVrc JUoemoËgd XrS> {Xdgm§Mm AgVmo. ^mÐnX ewÕ MVwWucm lrJUam`m§Mr {d{YdV àmUà{Vð>m hmoV.o AmXë`m {Xder gm`§H$mir _§{XamV lrJOmZZmMr _yVu AmUÊ`mV `oVo. lr_hmamOm§Zr Ver àWmM KmcyZ {Xcocr Amho. _§{XamV EH$m ~mOycm Mm¡a§J AgVmo. g^modma {dOoÀ`m {Xì`m§Mr AmH$f©H$ gOmdQ>, \w$cXmÊ`m, \$im§Mr VmQ>o Aer XoIUr Amamg Ho$cocr AgVo. Ë`m Mm¡a§Jmda lr_§Jc_yVu {damO_mZ hmoVmV. nmR>r_mJo MH«$mH$ma n§»`mà_mUo {XgUmao VmS>mMo nmZ lr_hmamO _wÔm_ AmUdyZ emo^ogmR>r cmdrV AgV. à{Vð>mnZoÀ`m doir ghò Xydm© Am{U n§MImÚmÀ`m Vicoë`m _moXH$m§Mm Z¡doÚ An©U Ho$cm OmB©. Ë`mZ§Va AmaË`m Am{U _§Ìnwîn hmoB© Am{U Z§Va CnpñWV ^º$_§S>itZm àgmX {Xcm OmB©. gm`§H$mir ñWm{ZH$ _§S>ir Xe©ZmgmR>r `oV. Ë`mMà_mUo _w~§ B©hZÿ AZoH$ ^º$OZ lr_hmamOm§Zr à{Vð>mnZm Ho$coë`m JUnVrMo Xe©Z KoÊ`mgmR>r AmdOyZ© `oV AgV. lrJUoe ho lr_hmamOm§Mo AË`§V AmdS>Vo X¡dV. Ë`m§À`m _§{XamVrc AmJ_ZmZo lr_hmamO AË`§V AmZ§Xr _ZpñWVrV, àgÞ Ago AgV. Ë`m_wio ^º$_§S>itZmhr CËgmhmMo ^aVo Amcoco Agm`Mo. gm`§H$mir _moR>çm CËgmhmV AmaË`m a§Jm`À`m. Xwgè`m {Xder Xwnmar nyOm, ghòmdV©Zo, Z¡doÚ Pmcm H$s gm`§H$mir {dgO©ZmMr {_adUyH$ {ZKm`Mr. lr_hmamO H$Yr {dgO©Zmcm _mÌ Joco ZmhrV. "Bï>H$m_ à{gÜ`Wª, nwZamJ_Zm`M' Ago åhUVmZmM lr_hmamOm§Mo A§V:H$aU {d`moJmÀ`m ^mdZoZo ^ê$Z `oB©. S>moio ^ê$Z `oV. _§{XamÀ`m XmamVM Vo JUam`mMm {Zamon KoV. ""_cm {dgO©ZmMo Ñî` nmhmdUma Zmhr. lrJOmZZm~amo~a _cmhr ZXrV ~wS>r _maÊ`mMr BÀN>m hmoB©c. Voìhm _r `oWoM Wm§~Vmo. Vwåhr gd© _§S>ir OmD$Z `m !'' Ago gm§JyZ Vo _§{XamVM Wm§~V.{dgO©ZmgmR>r gmaoOU YmoVa, gXam, Q>monr Aem nma§n[aH$ doemV, AZdmUr OmV AgV. EH$ ñd`§godH$ _yVu KoD$Z AJ«^mJr MmcV Ago. _mJo gd©OU XmoZ qH$dm VrZÀ`m am§JmV {eñVrZo ^OZo JmV Zm_ñ_aU H$arV MmcV AgV. {_adUyH$ kmZoœa nmXwH$m Mm¡H$, _m°S>Z© H$m°coO, ~mcJ§Yd© a§J_§{Xa Mm¡H$m_mJ} H$m±J«og hmD$gg_moarc d¥Õoœa _§{XamMm KmQ>, `m Zoh_rÀ`m R>acoë`m _mJm©ZoM OmV Ago. KmQ>mda AmaVr H$ê$Z "nwT>À`m dfu cdH$a `m' Ago {Z_§ÌU XoD$Z JUnVrMo {dgO©Z H$aÊ`mV `oB© Am{U gd© _§S>ir nwÝhm Zm_ñ_aU H$arV _§{XamV naV `oV AgV. ZdamÌ - g_m{Y_§{XamV ZdamÌmV ZD$ {Xdg gáeVrMo nmR> hmoV AgV. amoO gwdm{gZr Am{U Hw$_m[aH$m nyOZ H$aÊ`mV `oB©. c{cVmn§M_rcm lrc{cVmJm¡arMo d«V hmoV Ago. Aï>_rcm gáeVrhdZ hmoV Ago. hm {Xdg lr_hmamOm§Mm OÝ_{Xdg Ë`m_wio nwÊ`m_w§~B©Vrc AZoH$ ^º$ _wÔm_ Ë`m {Xder lr_hmamOmÀ`m Xe©Zmcm `oV AgV. {dO`mXe_r - {dO`mXe_rÀ`m {Xder gH$mir Zdm ÜdO C^mê$Z ÜdOnyOZ hmoV Ago (AmVm {dO`mXe_rEodOr Am{œZ ewÕ Aï>_rÀ`m {Xder lr_hmamOm§À`m OÝ_{XZr ÜdOmamohU hmoV)o . O`§Ë`m nd] _hmoËgd.. / 123

{dO`mXe_rMm {Xdg hm gmS>oVrZ _whÿVmªn¡H$s EH$ _whÿV© Amho. Ë`m_wio `m {Xder gH$mir lr~m~m§À`m O`§Vr CËgdmÀ`m _§S>nmMr _whÿV©_oT> amodcr Om`Mr. _oT>rMr nyOm H$ê$Z, EH$m {ndù`m dñÌmV gwnmar, Vm§Xyi, hiHw§$S> ~m§YyZ Vo _oT>rÀ`m Q>moH$mcm ~m§Yco OmV Ago. gm`§H$mir gmoZo cwQ>Ê`mMm H$m`©H«$_ Ago. g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m ~mJoV Aí_§VH$mMo (AmnQ>çmMo) PmS> Amho. VoWo do._y.gào JwéOr lr_hmamOm§Zm, Aí_§VH$d¥jmMr Am{U \$m§Úm VmoS>Ê`mgmR>r AmUcoë`m H$mo`Vm dJ¡ao eñÌm§Mr nyOm gm§JV AgV. lr_hmamO Ë`m doir Jwcm~r a§JmMm \o$Q>m ~m§YyZ `oV AgV. `Wmgm§J nyOm Pmcr H$s lr_hmamO ñdhñVo EH$ \$m§Xr VmoS>rV AgV. Ë`mZ§Va JS>r_mUgo {eS>rda MTy>Z _hmamOm§Zr XmI{dë`mà_mUo \$m§Úm N>mQy>Z Imcr T>rJ KmcrV. lr_hmamOm§À`m AmkoZo CnpñWV ñÌr-nwéf ho gmoZo cwQ>V AgV. cwQ>coco gmoZo Am{U KQ>ñWmnZoÀ`m {Xder éOV KmVcoco gáYmÝ`mMo éOdU gd©àW_ lr~m~m _hmamOm§À`m _§{XamV dm{hco OmB©. Ë`mZ§Va "JwéH¥$nm' B_maVrVrc XodKamV Am{U lrgÒþé dmgwXodmZ§V gañd{V {ZdmgmVrc XodKamV dm{hco OmB©. `mZ§Va gd© ^º$ lr_hmamOm§Zm gmoZo XoV AgV. ho gd© Pmë`mda EH$_oH$m§Zm gmoZo XoÊ`mMm CnMma hmoV Ago. `m doir Amcoë`m gd© ^º$_§S>itZm lrI§S>nwarMm àgmX XoD$Z _JM Kar nmR>{dÊ`mV `oB©. H$moOmJar nm¡{U©_m - lr~m~m§Mr O`§Vr hm _§{XamVrc gdmªV _hÎdmMm Am{U _moR>m CËgd. Ë`mÀ`m nyd©V`margmR>r lr_hmamO VrZ g^m KoV AgV. n{hcr g^m lmdU _{hÝ`mV, Xwgar JUoe MVwWuÀ`m {Xder Am{U {Vgar H$moOmJar nm¡{U©_oÀ`m amÌr hmoB©. gd© ñd`§godH$m§Zm {Zamon Jococo AgV. gd©OU {Z`mo{OV doioAmYr nmM {_{ZQ>o _§{XamV O_V AgV. g^oMm d¥ÎmmÝV {c{hÊ`mgmR>r coIZ gm_J«r, Mm¡a§J Am{U d¥ÎmmÝV {c{hUmam ñd`§godH$ gmao H$mhr V`ma Ago. lr_hmamO g^oMr doi hmoVmM _§{XamV àdoe H$arV. lr~m~m§Zm gmï>m§J Z_ñH$ma KmcyZ Ë`m§À`mgmR>r KmcyZ R>odcoë`m Km|JS>rda AmgZñW hmoV. Ë`m doir Vo åhUV, ""_mPo AmgZ Vwåhm _§S>itnmgyZ ñdV§Ì Amho. _r Vw_À`m CËgd-_§S>imV Zmhr ~a§ H$m ! _r _§S>imMm H$moUrhr Zmhr. AÜ`j, {MQ>Urg, I{OZXma gd© Vw_À`mVrcM AmhoV.'' _{hÝ`m^amZo gmOè`m hmoUmè`m lr~m~m§À`m CËgdmÀ`m doir CËgd-_§S>i Am{U ñd`§godH$ `m§Zm Amnë`m O~m~XmarMo ^mZ `mdo; VgoM Ë`m§À`m gd© H¥$VtH$S>o AmnU Ë`m§À`mVrc EH$ åhUyZ Zìho Va lr~m~m§À`m ñWmZmMm EH$ ajH$ åhUyZ nmhmUma AmhmoV `mMr OmUrd gdmªZm ìhmdr hmM ~hþYm Ë`m§Mm CÔoe Agmdm. CËgdmÀ`m CÎmaXm{`ËdmMr O~m~Xmar CËgd-_§S>imÀ`m Im§Úmda Amho, hohr _hmamOm§Zm XmIdyZ Úm`Mo Agmdo. _J CËgd-_§S>imV\}$ g_m{Y_§{XamV CËgd H$aÊ`mMr nadmZJr _mJUmam arVga AOm©Mm _gwXm CËgd-_§S>imMo Ë`mdfuMo AÜ`j gmXa H$arV.

124 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

&& lr && && lrgX²>Jêw $ dmgwXdo mZ§V gañdVr àgÞ Ÿ&&

{XZm§H$ 1.10.1967 lr.am.am.n.ny.{dÇ>camd JUoe Omoer crO hmoëS>a, ßcm°Q> Z§.321/S>r ({g.g.Z§.937/S>r) {edmOr ZJa, MVw:ûm¥§Jr añVm, nwUo-4 `m§gr, "lrgX²Jwé dmgwXodmZ§V gañdVr godm-_§S>im'V\}$ _r Imcr ghr H$aUmam _§S>imMm AÜ`j AmnUmH$S>o {dZ§Vr H$ê$ BpÀN>Vmo H$s, ~«÷r^yV lrgX²>Jwé$ dmgwXodmZ§V gañdVr VWm ~m~m_hmamO ghò~wÕo `m§Mm O`§Vr CËgd H$m{V©H$ ewÕ 14, 15 d dÚ 1 eHo$ 1889; ~wYdma, Jwédma, ewH«$dma {XZm§H$ 15.11.1967, Vo 17.11.1967 amoOr Amåhr Ë`m§Mr ^º$_§S>ir gmOam H$ê$ BpÀN>Vmo, gm¡.{Z_©cmVmB© Iao `m§À`m ImgJr _mcH$sMm ßcm°Q> Z§.321/S>r {g.g.Z§. 937/S>r, {edmOrZJa nwUo - 4 hm AmnUmH$S>o crOZo Amho. gm¡.{Z_©cmVmB© Iao `m§À`m ImgJr ßcm°Q>_Ü`o ~«.^y.lrgX²Jwé dmgwXodmZ§V gañdVr `m§Mo g_m{Y_§{Xa Amho. Ë`m g_m{Y_§{XamV d ßcm°Q>_Ü`o à{Vdfm©à_mUo O`§Vr CËgd gmOam H$aÊ`mMr AmnU _§S>imcm nadmZJr Úmdr. VgoM _§S>n C^maUo d naV gm_mZgw_mZ ZoUo dJ¡ao H$m_mgmR>r Amåhmcm ßcm°Q>Mr OmJm {XZm§H$ 1.11.1967 Vo 30.11.1967 n`ªV {dZm_yë` dmnaÊ`mMr nadmZJr Úmdr. darc H$mimV `m ßcm°Q>_Ü`o Amnco Oo H$mhr {Z`_ d g§Ho$V AgVrc Vo Amåhr {~ZeV© nmiy. Var _ohoa~mZr H$ê$Z Amåhmcm nadmZJr {_imdr. VgoM AmnUhr ~«.^y.lrgX²>Jwé dmgwXodmZ§V `m§Mo {eî`, godH$ d ^º$ Agë`m_wio godm-_§S>imcm _§S>imH$Sy>Z H$mhrhr doVZ Z KoVm _XV H$amdr Aer {dZ§Vr Amho. H$imdo cmo^ Agmdm hr {dZ§Vr. Amncm lr. X. Omoer (AÜ`j) lrgX²Jwé dmgwXodmZ§V gañdVr godm-_§S>i.

Ë`m AOm©cm CÎma åhUyZ lr_hmamO coIr nadmZJr nÌ XoV AgV. O`§Ë`m nd] _hmoËgd.. / 125

&& lr && › VËgV²Ÿ & lrgÒþado Z_: Ÿ&

lrgÒþé dmgwXdo mZ§V gañdVr VWm ~m~m _hmamO ghò~wÕo g_mYr _§{Xa, ßcm°Q> Z§.321/S>r, {g.g.Z§.937/S>r, MVw:ûm¥J§ r añVm, {edmOrZJa, nwUo - 16

{XZm§H$ 10.10.1967. lr.am.S>m°.lr.X.Omoer, AÜ`j _hmamO, lrgX²>Jwé$ dmgwXodmZ§V gañdVr godm_§S>i, `m§gr g.Z.{d.{d. Amnë`m _§S>imV\}$ AmnU lrgX²>Jé w $ dmgwXdo mZ§V gañdVr VWm ~m~m _hmamO ghò~wÕo `m§Mm O`§Vr CËgd {XZm§H$ 15,16 d 17.11.1967 amoOr gmOam H$aUma AmhmV ho g_Oco. Ë`mgmR>r AmnU _mPr nadmZJr _m{JVcr Amho d Vmo nadmZJrMm AO©hr AmnU _mPoH$S>o {Xcm Amho. gXahÿ H$m_r _r AmnUmcm nwT>rcà_mUo H$idrV Amho. ßcm°Q> Z§.321/S>r, {g.g.Z§.937/S>r, hr OmJm gm¡.{Z_©cm~mB© {ZiH§$R> Iao am.dYm© `m§ M o ImgJr _mcH$sMr Amho . Ë`m OmJo V Ë`m§ Z r ~m§ Y co c o Ë`m§ M o d{S>cm§ M o åhUOo ~«.^y.lr.dmgwXodmZ§V gañdVr D$\©$ amdgmho~ ghò~wÕo `m§Mo g_m{Y_§{Xa, Ë`m§Mo ImgJr _mcH$sMo Amho. hr OmJm _r {XZm§H$ 18.8.1956 amoOr Vrg dfmªMo a{OñQ>S>© crOZo Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z KoVcocr Amho. Ë`mV Ë`m§Mm _mcH$s h¸$ d BVa h¸$ `m§Mr OnUyH$ H$arZ Ago Ë`m§Zm {chÿZ {Xco Amho. VXZwgma Ë`m§Mm _mcH$s h¸$ OVZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r _cm Onmdo cmJVo d AÚmnn`ªV _r OnV Amho. AmnU gd© _§S>ir lrgX²>Jé w ~m~m_hmamOm§Mo ^º$ AmhmV d Ë`m§Mm O`§Vr CËgd AmnU `m OmJoV Ë`m§Mo g_m{Y_§{XamV gmOam H$aUma AmhmV, Ë`mgmR>r _m§S>d KmcUo, gm_mZgw_mZ AmUUo, R>odUo, OmJm dmnaUo `m CËgdmMo H$m_mgmR>r AmnU hr OmJm dmnaÊ`mg {_imdr ({XZm§H$ 1.11.1967 Vo 30.11.1967 n`ªV) Aer nadmZJr _m{JVcr Amho. Ver nadmZJr _r Amnë`m _§S>imcm `m _wXVrgmR>r nwT>rc AQ>tda {dZm_yë` XoV Amho. (1) _§S>imZo `m _wXVrV _mPo AJa gm¡.{Z_©cm~mB© {ZiH§$R> Iao `m§Mo H$moUË`mhr h¸$g§~Y § mcm ~mY Z AmUVm `m OmJoMm dmna H$amdm d CËgd H$amdm. (2) ì`{º$e: _cm Omo _Zwî` `m OmJoV `md`mg ZH$mo Agoc d `m ñWmZmcm Omo _cm

126 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

~mYH$ dmQ>oc Ë`mcm _r OmJoV `oD$ XoUma Zmhr. `m _wXVrV _§S>im_m\©$V H$m_mgmR>r d CËgdmgmR>r Or _mUgo `m OmJoV `oVrc Ë`mn¡H$s gdmªZr `m OmJoV Oo _mPo {Z`_ AmhoV Vo V§VmoV§V nmico nm{hOoV. Vgo Z H$aVm Omo H$moUr {Z`_ _moS>rc dm J¡a{eñV dV©Z H$arc, Ë`mcm _r H$moUË`mhr doir `m OmJoVyZ ~mhoa Omd`mg gm§JoZ d Ë`m~Ôc _r Hw$Umcmhr Iwcmgm Úmd`mg ~m§Ycocm Zmhr. `m OmJoV H$moUr `mdo dm `oD$ Z`o hm _mPm ñdV:Mm ImgJr àý Amho. d Oar _r _§S>imcm nadmZJr {Xcr Agcr Var Vmo _mPm h¸$ A~m{YVM amhrc. (3) `oWo Agcocr B_maV AmnUmg {dZm_yë` dmnaÊ`mg XoÊ`mV `oB©c VgoM `oWo Agcoco gm_mZhr {dZm_yë` dmnaÊ`mg XoÊ`mV `oB©c. _mÌ `m _wXVrV Oa B_maVrMr, OmJoMr dm gm_mZmMr ZmgYyg Pmë`mg dm H$moUr Ho$cr Va Ë`mÀ`m IMm©Mr OmoIr_ _§S>imda amhrc. (4) _§S>i `m CËgdmV Oo H$mhr H$arc Ë`mcm _r O~m~Xma Zmhr. gd©Vmonar Ë`m§Mo Ë`m§ZrM nhmdo. (5) _§S>imZo {Z_§ÌU Ho$coë`m _mUgm§nH¡ $s H$moUr `m ñWmZmcm {dKmVH$ Agoc Va Ë`mMo {Z_§ÌU aÔ H$ê$Z AmnUmcm Z {dMmaVm _r Ë`mcm `m OmJoVZy ~mhoa Omd`mg gm§JZo . (6) CËgdmV pñÌ`m d nwéf `m§Zr _`m©Xm gm§^miyZ d ì`dhma nmiyZ AcJnUo dmJÊ`mg {dgê$ Z`o. (7) ltZm AJa ltÀ`m ñWmZmcm H$_rnUm `oBc © Aem VèhoZo _§S>imVrc d _§S>im_m\©$V `oUmè`m H$moUË`mhr ì`º$sZo dV©Z H$aVm H$m_m Z`o. H$moUr H$moUmMrhr qZXmZmcñVr dm ^m§S>UV§Q>m H$aVm H$m_m Z`o. ^º$snydH© $ d ewÕ gmpÎdH$ n{dÌ dmVmdaUmV dmJÊ`mMr H$moerg H$amdr. darc gd© AQ>tMr OmoIr_ AmnUmda amhrc. darcà_mUo AQ>tda _r AmnUmg nadmZJr XoV Amho d Vrhr AmnU ltMo ^º$ AmhmV `m ^mdZm OmUyZ XoV Amho. CËgd g§në`mda Amncm H$moUË`mhr àH$maMm g§~§Y `m OmJoV amhUma Zmhr d Amncr H$moUË`mhr àH$mao d{hdmQ> amhUma Zmhr ho cjmV R>do mdo. Amnë`m AOm©Vrc eodQ>Mm ^mJ _r dmMyZ nm{hcm d Ë`mcm _r _mÝ`Vm {Xcr Amho. H$imdo hr {dZ§Vr. Amncm lrgX²>JwéMaUaO {d. J. Omoer

O`§Ë`m nd] _hmoËgd.. / 127

ho nÌ XoD$Z Pmë`mda lr_hmamO CËgdmÀ`m V`marMm AmT>mdm KoV. CËgdmgmR>r Amdí`H$ Ë`m `mÚm H$aUo dJ¡ao H$m_o Ho$cr OmV. H$Yr lr_hmamO Amnco ^mdr g§H$ën cmoH$m§nwT>o AZm¡nMm[aH$ Jßnm§_Ü`o _m§S>m`Mo. Ë`m_Ü`o H$YrH$Yr doXnmR>emim gwê$ H$aÊ`m~Ôc MMm© ìhm`Mr. H$Yr lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamMr Zdr XoIUr, n¸$s B_maV ~m§YÊ`mMm {df` {ZKm`Mm. lr_hmamO eodQ>Mr H$mhr df} g§Ý`mg KoD$Z lr~m~m§À`m _§{XameoOmar N>moQ>r _R>r ~m§YyZ VoWo amhmÊ`mMm {dMma ì`º$ H$arV. g^oZ§Va H$mhr H$mi lrñdm_r g_WmªMo Zm_ñ_aU Ho$co OmV Ago. Vmon`ªV _Ü`amÌrMm g_` ìhm`Mm. _J M§Ðmcm XwYmMm Z¡doÚ XmI{dë`mda CnpñWV ^º$ ñd`§godH$m§Mr n§JV ~go. ~Q>mQ>çmMr ^mOr, nwè`m, ZmaimMr MQ>Ur, ^Or Am{U XyY Agm ~oV Ago. AmJ«h H$aH$ê$Z ñd`§godH$m§Zm XyY Am{U BVa nXmW©hr dmT>co OmV Am{U _J ^º$_§S>ir Kar naV OmV. Xrnmdcr - g_m{Y_§{XamV YZÌ`moXernmgyZ {XdmirÀ`m gUmcm àma§^ hmoVmo. Ë`m AmYr AmMmè`m§H$Sy>Z gmodù`mZo \$amimMo {d{dY nXmW© ^anya à_mUmV H$ê$Z R>odcoco AgV. \$amimÀ`m nXmWmªMm Xodm§Zm Z¡doÚ XmI{dcm OmB©. Vwierd¥§XmdZmg_moarc A§JUmV \$Q>mHo$ cmdco OmV. Z§Va AmaVr hmoD$Z ^º$JUm§Zm YZo, Jyi, ~Îmmgo d H$m°\$s {Xcr OmV Ago. YZÌ`moXernmgyZ ^mD$~rOon`ªV amoO nhmQ>o Am{U gm`§H$mir g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m n[agamV ^anya nUË`m§Mr Amamg Ho$cr OmV Ago. _mÌ nUË`m§_YyZ Voc JiyZ \$aer Iam~ hmoD$ Z`o åhUyZ nUË`m Imcr EH$EH$ chmZ VmQ>cr R>odÊ`mMrhr XjVm KoVcr OmB©. gZ 1984-85 nydu lr_hmamO gmV-AmR> nmoVr \$Q>mHo$ IaoXr H$am`Mo. _J Ë`m§À`m N>moQ>çm nwS>çm ~m§YyZ ^º$JUm§À`m _wcm§Zm {Xco OmV AgV. VgoM {Xdmir{Z{_Îm {ñÌ`m§Zm gmS>çm, nwéfm§Zm eQ>©-n°ÝQ>, nm`O_m `mgmR>r H$mnS> qH$dm YmoVa, chmZ _wcm§Zm V`ma H$nS>o Ago ^anya H$mnS>-MmonS> IaoXr Ho$co Om`Mo. {Xdmir AmYr Mma-ghm {Xdg àË`oH$mÀ`m Hw$Qw>§~mVrc _mUgm§Mr Zmdm{Zer JUVr H$ê$Z Ë`mà_mUo Ë`m§MrË`m§Mr nwS>H$s ~m§YyZ R>odÊ`mMo H$m_ lr_hmamO 10-12 ñd`§godH$m§À`mgh nyU© H$am`Mo Am{U {XdmirÀ`mnydu Ë`mMo dmQ>n ìhm`Mo. ZaH$MVwX©erÀ`m {Xder ^ë`m nhmQ>o lr_hmamO _§{XamVrc gdmªZm CR>drV. gd©Ì nUË`m cmdë`m OmV. ìham§S>çmV XmoZ nmQ>, ^modVr am§Jmoir KmcyZ _m§Sy>Z R>odcoco AgV Am{U gdmªÀ`m A§Jmcm Voc cmdm`cm XmoZ JS>rhr g‚m AgV. VoWo àË`oH$mcm ~gdyZ lr_hmamO ñdV: Ë`mÀ`m S>moŠ`mda ^anya gwdm{gH$ Voc AmoVrV Am{U JS>r Ë`mÀ`m A§Jmcm Voc, CQ>Uo cmdyZ _X©Z H$arV. Ë`mZ§Va Ja_ nmÊ`mZo _Zgmoº$ Am§Kmoi H$ê$Z Amë`mda lr_hmamO gdmªZm ImD$gmR>r n¡go XoV AgV. {Xdmirnydu gdmªZm gwdm{gH$ VocmMr ~mQ>cr, gm~U Am{U H$nS>o {Xcoco Agco Var _§{XamV amhmUmè`m cmoH$m§Zm nwÝhm EH$Xm V`ma H$nS>o AmUyZ XoV AgV. lr_hmamO åhUV, ""Aao Vwåhr Vw_Mo KaXma ZmVodmB©H$ gmoSy>Z `oWo ~m~m§À`m _§{XamV amhmV AmhmV, Ë`m_wio Vwåhmcm `oWo KaÀ`mgmaIrM 128 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

dmJUyH$ _r Úm`cm ZH$mo H$m ?'' Iao Va lr_hmamO KaÀ`m§nojm A{YH$ ào_mZo Amnë`mcm dmJdVmV AerM `m gdmªMr ^mdZm Agm`Mr. gH$mir gmS>oAmR> dmOÊ`mÀ`m gw_mamg AmaVrZ§Va lr~m~m§Zm \$amimMm Z¡doÚ XmI{dcm OmB©. Ë`mZ§Va _§{XamV Xe©Zmcm Amcoë`m gdmªZm `WoÀN> \$ami {Xcm OmB©. ^anya \$amimMo nXmW© Ho$coco Agco Varhr lr_hmamOm§Zr ~mOmamVyZ {d{dY {_R>m`m AmUcoë`m Agm`À`m. Ë`mhr ^º$OZm§Zm, _§{XamVrc godH$m§Zm lr_hmamO ImD$ Kmcm`Mo. gH$mir Xe©ZmgmR>r `oUmè`m àË`oH$mÀ`m S>moŠ`mda EH$ M_Mm gwdm{gH$ Voc KmcrV Am{U Ë`mcm AÎmamMm \$m`m XoV AgV. VgoM H$moUr Kê$Z \$ami H$ê$Z Amcm Agë`mg Ë`mcm \$amimMr nwS>r Kar ZoÊ`mgmR>r XoV AgV. H$mhr ^º$JU `oVmZm lr~m~m§Zm Z¡doÚ åhUyZ VgoM lr_hmamOm§gmR>r \$amimMo S>~o KoD$Z `oV. ^º$m§À`m ^mdZm cjmV KoD$Z Ë`mMm ñdrH$ma Ho$cm Om`Mm Am{U nwÝhm Ë`m S>ã`mV _§{XamVco \$amimMo nXmW© ^ê$Z Vmo S>~m naV {Xcm Om`Mm. ^mD$~rOoÀ`m {Xder H$mhr gwdm{gZr lr_hmamOm§Zm Amodmim`cm `oV AgV. lr_hmamO Ë`m§Zm AmodmiUr XoV AgVM, {edm` ^mD$~rOo{Z{_Îm gmS>r, n¡gohr ^oQ>rXmIc XoV AgV. Ë`mM {Xder amÌr \$Q>mHo$ CS>{dÊ`mMm EH$ O§Jr H$m`©H«$_ ìhm`Mm. nmoV§^a \$Q>mHo$ CS>{dco Om`Mo. \$Q>mHo$ cmdUmao eodQ>r H§$Q>miyZ OmV, EdT>o _w~cH$ \$Q>mHo$ AgV. lr_hmamO Ë`m doir ñdV: hOa AgV. H$moUr Km~ê$ cmJcm, _mJo_mJo amhÿ cmJcm Va Ë`mcm àmoËgmhZ XoD$Z, Yra XoD$Z Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z \$Q>mHo$ cmdyZ KoV. H$moUr Km~aQ> Agy Z`o, AmH«$_H$Vm A§JmV ~mUdcr nm{hOo Agm Ë`m§Mm CÔoe Ago. lr~m~m§Mr O`§Vr - {Xdmir g§nVo Z g§nVo VmoM lr~m~m§À`m O`§Vr CËgdmMr V`mar CËgmhmZo gwê$ ìhm`Mr. hm CËgd gdmªV _hÎdmMm Am{U gdmªV _moR>çm à_mUmda gmOam ìhm`Mm. ~mhoaJmdmhÿZ _moR>çm à_mUmda _§S>ir `m`Mr. gZ 1959 nmgyZ hm CËgd VrZ {Xdg gmOam hmoD$ cmJcm. Ë`m doir {ZdmgñWmZmMr EH$_od B_maV gmoS>ë`mg ^º$_§S>itZm amhmÊ`mgmR>r AÝ` H$moUË`mhr B_maVr Pmcoë`m ZìhË`m; Ë`m_wio 937 ~r `m ßcm°Q>da åhUOo AmOÀ`m "AÞnyUm© {Zdmg' Agcoë`m ^mJmV H$mhr ^mJmcm \$aer ~gdcocr hmoVr, Ë`mda VmËnwaVm _§S>n KmcyZ VoWo nwéf _§S>itMr CVaÊ`mMr ì`dñWm Ho$cocr Agm`Mr. hr \$aer KmgyZ gm\$ H$aUo VgoM àdoeÛmamg_moarc \$aerhr YwUo hm n{hcm _moR>m H$m`©H«$_ `m CËgdmÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo ìhm`Mm. gmao H$m_ ñd`§godH$m§H$Sy>Z l_XmZmZo ìhm`Mo. Iao Va nJmar JS>r_mUgm§H$Sy>Z ho H$m_ H$adyZ KoVm Amco AgVo. na§Vw ñd`§godH$m§_Ü`o H$ï>mMr AmdS> {Z_m©U ìhmdr, gX²>Jwê$§À`m Xmar am~Ê`mV H$m` AmZ§X AgVmo ho Ë`m§Zm g_Omdo, l_mMr à{Vð>m Ë`m§Zm OmUdmdr åhUyZ lr_hmamO ho l_XmZ `mo{OV. H$mhr doim lr_hmamO ~«emZo cmXr Kmgy cmJV, H$mhr doim hm¡XmVyZ ~mXcrZo nmUr AmUyZ XoV. lr_hmamO \$aer KmgV AgVmZm _wÔm_hyZ ñd`§godH$m§À`m A§Jmda nmUr CS>dyZ _Om H$arV AgV. lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m A§Jmda O`§Ë`m nd] _hmoËgd.. / 129

nmUr CS>dmdo `mgmaIo Xwgao ^m½` Zmhr Ago ñd`§godH$m§Zm dmQ>V Ago. lr_hmamOm§À`m gh^mJm_wio ñd`§godH$m§Mm CËgmh dmT>o. Aem g{H«$` gh^mJmZo _mUyg H$m`m©er A{YH$ K{Zð>nUo OmoS>cm OmVmo. ho "_mPo' H$m`© Amho Aer ^mdZm {Z_m©U hmoVo, Ë`m_wio Amnë`mda Agcoë`m O~m~XmarMrhr Ë`mcm OmUrd hmoD$Z Vmo ñd`§ñ\y$VuZo H$m`m©cm dmhÿZ KoVmo. Vwbgr{ddmh - H$m{V©H$ ewÕ Ì`moXercm gm`§H$min`ªV nwÊ`m~mhoarc ~hþVoH$ gd© ^º$JU _§{XamV CËgdmgmR>r XmIc Pmcoco AgV. pñÌ`m§Mr gmo` {ZdmgñWmZmÀ`m Vi_Oë`mda Am{U n{hë`m _Oë`mda Ho$cocr Ago. Ë`m§Mr ì`dñWm nmhmÊ`mgmR>r _mocH$aUr Zo_coë`m AgV. VX²>dV \$aerdarc _§S>nmV CVacoë`m nwéfm§À`mgmR>r H$mhr JS>çm§Mr Zo_UyH$ Ho$cocr Ago. AJXr gwédmVrcm JmÚm§Mr gmo`hr Ho$cocr hmoVr na§Vw H$mhr ^º$m§H$Sy>Z Ë`m§Mm dmna ZrQ>nUo hmoV Zgo åhUyZ _J Km|JS>çm, MmXar, Cem, nmgmoS>çm Ago g§M XoÊ`mV `oD$ cmJco. na§Vw Varhr `mo½` VèhoZo Ë`mMm dmna hmoV Zgo Am{U ^º$JUm§À`m g§»`oVhr ^anya dmT> Pmcr åhUyZ nwT>o àË`oH$mZo ñdV:Mo A§Wê$U AmUÊ`mMr nÕV gwê$ Pmcr. H$m{V©H$ ewÕ Ì`moXercm gm`§H$mir gmV-gmS>ogmV dmOVm Vwcgr-{ddmhmMm gmohim hmoB©. Vmon`ªV ~mhoaJmdMo VgoM ñWm{ZH$ ^º$JUhr _moR>çm g§»`oZo O_m Pmcoco AgV. `m {Xder _wcm~mim§Zmhr AmUÊ`mg nadmZJr Ago. nwT>o CËgdmMo VrZ {Xdg _mÌ chmZ _wcm§Zm AmUy Z`o Aem gyMZm {Xcoë`m AgV. CËgdmVrc H$m`©H«$_mV chmZ _wcm§Zm ag dmQ>V Zmhr, Vr H§$Q>miVmV. nma_m{W©H$ Jmoï>tMo Ë`m§Zm AmH$cZ ZgVo, Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Mo hmc hmoVmV. _mÌ Vwcgr{ddmhmÀ`m doir _wcm§Zm AmdO©yZ AmUco OmB©. OUy EImÚm lr_§VmÀ`m KaMo c¾H$m`© Agë`mgmaIm WmQ> `m doir Ago. pñÌ`m C§Mr dñÌo-àmdaUo ZogyZ, XmJXm{JZo KmcyZ Amcoë`m AgV. nwéfhr Img R>odUrVco H$nS>o KmcyZ `oV. A§VanmQ>mncrH$S>o VmåhZmV ~miH¥$îUmMr _yVu KoD$Z EImXm ñd`§godH$ C^m Ago. C§M ñdamV _§Jcmï>Ho$ åhQ>cr OmV. ew^_§Jc gmdYmZÀ`m KmofmV AjVm§Mm dfm©d hmoB©. "VXod c¾§' hmoVo Z hmoVo EdT>çmV gZB© Mm¡KS>m dmOy cmJo. e§I Am{U Vmg `m§Mr Ë`mcm gmW {_io Am{U gmao dmVmdaU _§Jc_` hmoD$Z OmB©. gd© dèhmS>r _§S>itZm AÎma, Jwcm~, VrW©-àgmX, ~Îmmgo, cmøm dmQ>Ê`mV `oV. ~m~m§À`m O`§Vr gmohù`mMr gwédmV Aer AmZ§XmoËgdmZo hmoB© Am{U nwT>rc VrZ {Xdg hm AmZ§X MT>Ë`m H«$_mZo dmT>VM OmB©. Vwcgr{ddmh Pmcm H$s amÌr lr_hmamOm§Mo EH$ ^º$, "X¡.gH$mi'Mo àog \$moQ>moJ«m\$a lr.Zm_Omoer, g_m{Y_§{XamV EH$ ^ì` Am{U gw§Xa am§Jmoir H$mT>rV. lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamOdirc Am¡Xw§~ameoOmar EH$ 8 x 8 \y$Q>mÀ`m Mm¡H$moZmV Vo Xodm{XH$m§À`m gw§Xa à{V_m am§JmoirZo H$mT>rV. Ë`m§À`m hñVH$m¡eë`mVyZ H$Yr à^w am_M§Ð, H$Yr dra hZw_mZ, H$Yr naewam_ Va H$Yr ^JdmZ JmonmcH¥$îU gmH$ma hmoV. nhmQ>o

130 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

VrZ-Mma dmOon`ªV Ë`m§Mo ho H$m_ Mmcy Ago. CËgdmÀ`m gm§JVoÀ`m {Xder lr_hmamO Ë`m§Zm emc, lr\$i XoD$Z Ë`m§Mo H$m¡VwH$ H$arV. H$m{V©H$ ewÕ MVwX©er - `m {Xder gH$mir gy`m}X`mÀ`m doir ÜdOnyOZ hmoV Ago Am{U Ë`mZ§Va gd© _§S>ir lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV EH$Ì `oV Am{U {dS>m R>odyZ àmW©Zm H$arV. Ë`m doir lr~m~m§Zm {Z_§ÌU dOm AmdmhZ H$aÊ`mV `oV Ago. Ë`mMm _gwXm _moR>m d¡{eîQ>çnyU© Amho. Ÿ&& lrJUoem`Z_ : Ÿ&& && lrñdm_r g_Wm©` Z_: Ÿ&&

"lr_V² na_h§g n[ad«mOH$mMm`© na_nyOZr` ^JdX²> nyÁ`nmX lr_V² g{ƒXmZ§Xñdê$nr lrgX²>Jé w lrdmgwXdo mZ§V gañdVr VWm lr~m~m _hmamO ghò~wÕo `m§Mo n{dÌ MaUH$_cr gmï>m§J X§S>dV àUm_ H$ê$Z ~mcH$mMr {dkmnZm Aer H$s, _§S>imZo Amncm O`§Vr CËgd H$m{V©H$ ew && 14, 15 d dÚ 1 eHo$ 1908, {XZm§H$ 15.11.1986, 16.11.1986 d 17.11.1986, e{Zdma, a{ddma d gmo_dma amoOr H$aÊ`mMo {Z{üV Ho$co Amho. gXarc ew^, _§Jc g_`r ltZr Amnë`m gH$c JUm§gh, XodXodVm§gh, F$fr_wZtgh, gmYwg§Vm§gh, lr_§Jc_yVu {g{Õ{dZm`H$mgh d Am{Xeº$sgh àH$fm©Zo Amnco A{ñVËd àH$Q> H$amdo d H$m`© {Z{d©¿ZnUo nma nmSy>Z ¿`mdo. gdmªMm gwa{jV arVrZo gm§^mi H$ê$Z gdmªH$Sy>Z Amncr VZ_ZYZmZo godm H$ê$Z ¿`mdr d gdmªÀ`m A§V:H$aUmV AmË_{hV¡{f ~wÕrMr àoaUm H$ê$Z gXarc Amnë`m ñWmZmMm àH$fm©Zo CËH$f© H$ê$Z ¿`mdm Aer ~mcH$mMr {dkmnZm Amho. gd© H$m`©H«$_ AmnU àoaUm {Xë`mà_mUo R>a{dco AmhoV. MaUr lwV ìhmdo. godoer lwV hmo` hr {dkmnZm. Amncm MaUaOm§{H$V godH$ Am{U godm _§S>imMr gd© ^º$ _§S>ir. darc nÌmMo dmMZ H$ê$Z lr~m~m§Zm CËgd-_§S>imÀ`m AÜ`jm§À`m hñVo lr\$c, {dS>m, X{jUm R>odÊ`mV `oB©. Ë`mZ§Va AÜ`jm§À`m dVrZo lr_hmamO CnpñWV ^º$m§g_doV lr~m~m§Mr àmW©Zm H$arV. CËgdmÀ`m H$mimV ^º$OZm§Zm Amerdm©X XoÊ`mgmR>r AmnU CnpñWV amhmdo, Y_m©Mo ajU Am{U CËH$f© ìhmdm, hr ^maV^y_r "gwOcm_² gw\$cm_²' ìhmdr, gdmªÀ`m _ZmVrc Hw$~wÕrMm Zme ìhmdm, gw~wÕrMm CX` ìhmdm, gdmªÀ`m _ZmV B©œa^º$s {Z_m©U ìhmdr Aer àmW©Zm lr~m~m§À`m MaUr AË`§V H$iH$irZo Ho$cr Om`Mr. O`§Ë`m nd] _hmoËgd.. / 131

Ë`mZ§Va 72 Vmgm§À`m AI§S> Zm_ñ_aUmcm gwédmV ìhm`Mr. nwéfdJ© AmirnmirZo nmQ>mda ~gyZ ho Zm_ñ_aU H$am`Mm Am{U Ë`mMr gwédmV lr_hmamO ñdV: H$am`Mo. Zm_ñ_aUmcm àma§^ Pmcm H$s gd© _§S>ir gm_wXm{`H$ CnmgZogmR>r lr~m~m§À`m _§{Xamg_moarc _§S>nm_Ü`o O_V. VoWo AJmoXaM ì`dpñWVnUo nmQ> _m§Sy>Z R>odcoco AgV. gd©OU nmQ>mda ~gco H$s, lr_hmamO "gmoh§ AOnmOn Mmco {Za§Va & V`mMm {dMma nmhr nmhrŸ&&' hm ñda{MV A^§J ñdV: gm§JyZ gdmªH$Sy>Z åhUyZ KoV. CnmgZm H$er H$amdr, gm_wXm{`H$ CnmgZoMo H$m` \$m`Xo AmhoV `m{df`r lr_hmamO WmoS>Š`mV {ddoMZ H$arV Am{U _J AmR> dmOon`ªV hr gm_wXm{`H$ àmW©Zm Mmco. AmR> dmOVm lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV cKwéÐ àma§^ hmoB©. AmR> Vo ZD$ dmOon`ªV àdMZmMmhr H$m`©H«$_ Ago. Ë`mZ§Va Ý`mhmar Am{U Mhm XoÊ`mV `oV Ago. Ý`mhmarZ§Va kmZoœar AmXr gX²>J«§Wm§Mo dmMZ H$aÊ`mV `oB©. Ë`mZ§Va Xwnmar _hmàgmX hmoB© Am{U Z§Va WmoS>r {dlm§Vr KoD$Z gm`§H$mir CnpñWV ^º$JUm§n¡H$s EImÚm ^º$mMo àdMZ qH$dm H$sV©Z hmoB©. Ë`mZ§Va gm`§H$mir ghm-gmS>oghmMo Xaå`mZ nmcIr gmohù`mcm gwédmV hmoB©. nmcIr gmohim - lr~m~m§Mr nmcIr gOdyZ lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{Xamg_moa A§JUmV gVa§Orda gm`§H$mir AmaVr gwê$ hmoÊ`mnydu AmUyZ R>odcr OmB© Am{U AmaVrcm àma§^ hmoB©. {ZË`H«$_mà_mUo AmaË`m gwê$ H$ê$Z lrgX²>Jwê$ ~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mr AmaVr Pmcr H$s _hmamO Am{U H$mhr ñd`§godH$ Jm^mè`mnmer `oV. ñd`§godH$ àW_ lrñdm_r g_WmªMr, Z§Va lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mr Am{U Z§Va lr~m~m§Mr _yVu CMcyZ KoV. Ë`m doir Cƒ ñdamV lr~m~m§Mm O`Kmof H$aÊ`mV `oB©. AJ«^mJr lr_hmamO Am{U _¥X§J dmXH$, "AmKmS>r Mco am_am`m & {nN>mS>r g§VZH$s \$m¡OmŸ&&' Agm JOa H$arV _§{Xam~mhoa `oÊ`mgmR>r {ZKV. Ë`m§À`m_mJyZ ñd`§godH$ _yVu KoD$Z Am{U ^º$JU Q>mim§Mm c`~Õ ZmX H$arV nmcIrOdi `oV. gd©àW_ lr~m~m§Mr _yVu nmcIrV R>odÊ`mV `oB© Am{U Ë`m§Zm gÝ_wI Xwgè`m XmoÝhr _yVu R>odÊ`mV `oV. _Ü`^mJr lr\$i R>odÊ`mV `oB©. _yVu ì`dpñWVarË`m R>odÊ`mV Amë`m AmhoV, Ë`m§Mo hma, {H$arQ>-Hw§$S>co, eoco gmao ì`dpñWV Amho, `mMr lr_hmamO ZrQ> ImÌr H$arV Am{U lr~m~m§Mm O`O`H$ma H$ê$Z nmcIr CMcÊ`mgmR>r ñdV: hmV^ma cmdrV AgV. lr_hmamO "H$ê$ àW_ Z_Z Ÿ& d§Xy Xod JOmZZ Ÿ&&' `m lrJUam`m§À`m Z_ZmZo àX{jUocm gwédmV H$arV. Ë`mZ§Va "ê$n ho gw§Xa {Xgo _Zmoha' hm lrñdm_r g_WmªÀ`m "ê$nm'Mm A^§J hmoB©. XmoÝhr ~mOyg XmoZ _¥X§J dmXH$, _mJo drUoH$ar ^º$ Am{U _Ü`o hmVr Q>mi, H$nmir A{~amMm {Q>im, AmZ§XmZo \w$ccocm Moham, Ago ^OZmZ§XmV a§JyZ Jococo lr_hmamO nmhÿZ ^º$ JUm§Zm "cmdÊ`mMm Jm^m ñdm_r _mPm C^mŸ&' `m AmoitMrM à{MVr `m`Mr. `m A^§JmZ§Va "lrñdm_r g_W© O` O` ñdm_r g_W©' `m JOamV nmcIr Vwierd¥§XmdZmnmer `oV Ago Am{U VoWo XodrMr AmaVr hmoV Ago. Ë`mZ§Va lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamH$S>o gÝ_wI hmoD$Z lre§H$amMr 132 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

AmaVr ìhm`Mr. Ë`mZ§Va lr_hmamO, H$mhr Q>miH$ar, drUoH$ar, _¥X§JdmXH$ Am{U AmaVrMo V~H$ hmVr KoVcoco JwéOr Ago gd© Am¡Xw§~amOdi `oD$Z VoWo lrXÎmmÌo` Am{U lrhZw_mZ `m§Mr AmaVr åhUV, AmaVrMo V~H$ _§{XamV ZoD$Z R>odco OmB© Am{U nmcIr àX{jUm nwT>o gwê$ hmoB©. ñdm{_Zm_mÀ`m JOamV nmcIr _§{XamÀ`m {nN>mS>rcm Amë`mda VoWo "VrZ {eao ghm hmV' hm lrXÎmmÌo`m§Mo ê$n dU©Z H$aUmam A^§J åhQ>cm OmB©. Ë`mZ§Va nmcIr _§{XamÀ`m S>mì`m ~mOyg \$aerÀ`m A§JUmV `oD$Z Wm§~o Am{U VoWo lr_hmamO {Zê$nU H$arV AgV. Ë`m doir _§{XamMo àdoeÛma n{ü_m{^_wI hmoVo ho bjmV KoVm ho {Zê$nU AmO OoWo _moR>m nmÊ`mMm hm¡X Am{U hmVnm` YwÊ`mMr OmJm Amho Ë`m ~mOyg hmoV hmoVo. ho {Zê$nU åhUOo EH$ g§nyU© H$sV©ZM Ago Am{U Vo àX{jUm _mJm©da hmoV Agë`m_wio, XmoZXmoZ Vmg C^o amhÿZM lmoË`m§Zm Vo EoH$mdo cmJo. Ë`m_wio H$mhr OU WmoS>o ~mOycm OmD$Z WmoS>mdoi H$moR>oVar ~gÊ`mMr g§Yr emoYrV AgV. lr_hmamOm§Zm Agm A§JMmoanUm AmdS>V Zgo. åhUyZ Vo {Zê$nU gwê$ H$aÊ`mnydu ""H$m` ? {Zê$nU H$am`M§ Zm ? nU Vwåhr gd©OU eodQ>n`ªV Wm§~Uma AmhmV Zm ?'' dJ¡ao àý lmoË`m§Zm {dMmê$Z, Ë`m§Mr H$~wcr KoD$ZM {Zê$nU gwê$ H$arV. "Xodm{M`o Ûmar C^m jU^ar' qH$dm "ho{M Wmoa ^º$s AmdS>Vo Xodm' `m n¡H$s EImXm A^§J {Zê$nUmgmR>r KoD$Z lr_hmamO Amnë`m agmi dmUrZo, ì`dhmamVrc gmYo gmono XmIco XoV, doJdoJù`m g§V H$dtMr H$mì`o, A^§J, g§ñH¥$V dMZo, Amoì`m, Am`m© `m§Mo g§X^© XoV, lmoË`m§Zm {Zê$nUmÀ`m AmoKmV XmoZXmoZ Vmg Xoh^mZ {dgam`cm cmdm`Mo. Iao Va Vo EH$ àH$Q> qMVZ Agm`Mo. EH$m {df`mdê$Z Xwgè`m {df`mda, EH$m à_mUmVyZ Xwgè`m à_mUmda Agm lr_hmamOm§Mm crc`m g§Mma Mmcy Agm`Mm. {Zê$nUmÀ`m AmoKmV lr_hmamO ^am^a ñda{MV eoH$S>mo Amoì`m d A^§J AJXr CËñ\y$V©nUo lmoË`m§Zm EoH$drV AgV. Ë`m H$mir ÜdZr_wÐUmMr \$maer gmo` Zgë`m_wio H$sV©ZmÀ`m doir lr_hmamOm§Zm ñ\w$acoco ~aoMgo H$mì` AmO CncãY Zmhr. AÝ`Wm Vmo ^º$JUm§gmR>r EH$ A_yë` R>odm R>acm AgVm. {Zê$nU nyU© Pmë`mda àX{jUm nwT>o gwê$ hmoB© Am{U lr~m~m§À`m _§{Xamg_moa Amë`mda "_mJUo ho _mPo ñdm_r VwOnmer' hm A^§J åhUÊ`mV `oB©. Xwgè`m \o$arMr gwédmV "ñdm_r A¸$cH$moQ> dmco Ÿ& ^OZm_Ü`o X§J PmcoŸ&&' `m JOamZo hmoB©. Ë`mZ§Va dmaH$ar _§S>ir Am{U ^º$m§_Yrc AÝ` H$mhr OUm§Zm lr_hmamO A^§J åhUÊ`mg gm§JV AgV. XmoÝhr àX{jUm§À`m doir _§{Xamg_moa A§JUmV [a¨JU Yê$Z ^º$_§S>ir ZmMV AgV. lr_hmamOhr Ë`m doir AJXr Xoh^mZ {dgê$Z ZmMV AgV. C§M AmdmOmV åhQ>coë`m JOam§Zr, Q>mim§À`m IUIUmQ>mZo, _¥X§Jm§À`m S>m¡cXma c`rZo Ajae: AmZ§XmMm H$„moi ìhm`Mm. "~«÷mZ§Xr cmJcr Q>mir & H$moU XohmVo gm§^mir &&' Aer gdmªMr AdñWm ìhm`Mr. ñWi H$mimMo ^mZ hanyZ Om`Mo. O`§Ë`m nd] _hmoËgd.. / 133

Ë`m_wioM `m VrZ àX{jUm g§non`ªV amÌrMo EH$-XmoZ dmOcoco AgV. {Vgè`m àX{jUoMr gwédmV "Jwê$ _hmamO Jwê$ O` O` na~«÷ gX²>Jwê$' `m JOamZo hmoD$Z Z§Va "Jm¡iUr' JmB©ë`m OmV. "d¥§XmdZr doUy' hr lr_hmamOm§Mr AmdS>Vr Jm¡iU h_Img åhQ>cr Om`Mr. "_moJam \w$ccm' hm A^§J `m àX{jUoÀ`m doir lr_hmamO ñdV: åhUV AgV. lr_hmamO hm A^§J AË`§V a§JyZ OmD$Z åhUV AgV. Ë`m A^§JmMr JmoS>r AdrQ> hmoVr. Ë`mZ§Va ""H¥$nmiy g‚mZ Vwåhr g§VOZ'' hm H¥$nmàgmXmÀ`m _mJUrMm A^§J åhQ>cm OmB©. hm A^§J JmVmZm V„rZ hmoD$Z lr_hmamO EH$m {d{eï> OmJr, ñdV:^modVr EH$ gwaoI {JaH$s KoV AgV. Vr Ë`m§Mr {JaH$s nmhmUo _moR>o cmo^gdmUo Ñî` Ago. Ë`mZ§Va nmcIr _§{Xamg_moa `oD$Z {Vgar àX{jUm nyU© hmoB©. VoWo "ho{M XmZ XoJm Xodm' Am{U "Amåhr AnamYr AnamYr' ho A^§J åhQ>co OmV. "am_Xmg cmoQ>m§JUr' hm eodQ>Mm MaU åhUyZ lr_hmamO lr~m~m§Zm gmï>m§J X§S>dV KmcrV AgV. Ë`m doir ^º$_§S>ir Ë`m§Mr MaUYyi H$nmir cmdyZ H¥$VmW© hmoV AgV. Z§Va lr~m~m§À`m O`O`H$mamV nmcIr _§{Xamg_moa A§Wacoë`m gVa§Orda R>odÊ`mV `oB©. Ë`m doir lr_hmamO nmcIrcm ñdV: hmV cmdyZ Vr R>odÊ`mg _XV H$arV. _J nwÝhm n{hë`mM H«$_mZo ñd`§godH$ nmcIrVyZ H$miOrnyd©H$ _yVu CMcyZ KoV. "Km{cVr n§Im dmam, h[a Vwåhr Mcm hmo _§{Xam' hm JOa åhUV lr_hmamO _§{XamV àdoe H$arV. Ë`m§À`m_mJyZ _yVu Am{U Z§Va gd© ^º$_§S>ir hm JOa AJXr Vma gáH$mV Kw_drV _§{XamV `oV AgV. AË`§V ÐwV c`rV åhQ>cocm hm JOa, Q>mi, _¥X§Jm§Mm IUIUmQ> `m_wio gmao _§{Xa Xw_Xw_yZ OmV Ago. _J g§W c`rV lr~m~m§Mr AmaVr, _§Ìnwîn, ñVmoÌo, Aï>Ho$ `Wmgm§J åhQ>cr Om`Mr Am{U Z§Va ZmMyZ-ZmMyZ WH$coco na§Vw Varhr gmV-AmR> Vmg ^OZmZ§XmV a§JyZ Jococo ^º$JU àgÞ _ZmZo _hmàgmX J«hU H$arV Voìhm amÌrMo XrS>-XmoZ dmOcoco AgV. {Ìnwar nm¡{U©_m - H$m{V©H$ nm¡{U©_m hm lr~m~m§Mm OÝ_{Xdg. Ë`m {Xderhr AmXë`m {Xdgmà_mUoM gm_wXm{`H$ CnmgZm, cKwê$Ð VgoM gX²>J«§WdmMZ hmoV Ago. Ë`mZ§Va gH$mir gmS>oXhmAH$amÀ`m gw_mamg lr_hmamO OÝ_moËgdmÀ`m H$sV©Zmcm A§JaIm, \o$Q>m, CnaUo Aem dofmV C^o amhmV. V~ë`mÀ`m gmWrcm lr.h.H¥$.KmQ>o AgV. Va noQ>rMr gmW lr.H$merZmW~wdm ^mogco H$arV AgV. H$merZmW~wdm ^mogco gw_mao Mmirg-~oMmirg dfmªnydu EH$Xm AJXr ghO g_m{Y_§{XamV {_Ìm~amo~a Amco hmoVo. Ë`m {Xder lr~m~m§Mr nwÊ`{VWr hmoVr. lr_hmamOm§Mo Zoh_rMo noQ>rdmco gmWrXma Ë`m {Xder Amco ZìhVo Ë`m_wio lr_hmamOm§Zm H$sV©ZmÀ`m doir H$moUr gmW H$am`Mr hm àýM hmoVm. H$merZmW~wdm§À`m {_ÌmZo lr_hmamOm§Zm H$merZmW~wdm§Mo Zmd gwM{dco. ~wdm§Zr CÎm_ gmW Ho$cr. lr_hmamOm§Zr H$sV©Z g§në`mda ~wdm§Mr AmñWodmBH$nUo Mm¡H$er Ho$cr Am{U VoìhmnmgyZ AmOn`ªV 134 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

H$merZmW~wdm§Zr _§{XamMr gmW gmoS>cocr Zmhr. AZoH$ df} lr_hmamOm§Zm H$sV©ZmÀ`m doir gmW H$aUmè`m ^mogco~wdm§Zr lr_hmamOm§Mo {dMmaYZ H$UmH$UmZo Jmoim Ho$co. lr_hmamOm§À`m XrK© ghdmgmV "H$m`m, dmMm, _Zo' AmnU ~XcyZ Jocmo Ago lr.^mogco~wdm gm§JVmV. Jocr gmoim-gVam df} {dZm`H$s MVwWuÀ`m amÌr ^mogco~wdm lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV dmaH$arnÕVrZo H$sV©Zgodm H$arV AmhoV. Aem VèhoZo lr_hmamO EH$EH$ _mUyg lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV Jmoim H$arV hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m_Ü`o AmË_{dœmg {Z_m©U H$arV hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m H$cmJwUm§Zm dmd XoV hmoVo Am{U Ë`m§Mo OrdZ COiyZ Q>mH$V hmoVo. H$sV©ZmÀ`m doir lr_hmamOm§Mo _mJo YaH$ar åhUyZ lr.Xr.Zm.~mUmdcr Am{U lr.{dœZmW {_amer C^o AgV. O`§VrÀ`m H$sV©ZmÀ`m doir nmiUm \w$cm§Zr gOdyZ R>odcocm Ago. Xwnmar R>r>H$ 1 dmOyZ 23 {_{ZQ>m§Zr lr~m~m§Mm OÝ_ gmOam hmoV Ago. Img `m àg§JmgmR>r V`ma Ho$cocm lr~m~m§Mm EH$ Mm§XrMm _wIdQ>m aoe_r Hw§$MrV cnoQy>Z g_moa nmQ>mda R>odcocm Ago. OÝ_-KQ>rÀ`m jUr ""Jwê$ _hmamO Jwê$$O` O` na~«÷ gX²>Jwê$Ÿ&'' `m JOamMm Kmof H$arV lr_hmamO Ë`mda JwcmcM{M©V eod§VrMr \w$co dmhmV AgV. Vmg, K§Q>m, e§I, gZB©-Mm¡KS>m `m§À`m ZmXmZo Amg_§V ^ê$Z OmB©. OÝ_mZ§Va lr~m~m§Zm _m§S>rda KoD$Z Jwcm~ nmÊ`mZo ñZmZ KmVco OmV Ago. lr_hmamO `m doir ÝhmUrMo nX åhUV. Ë`mZ§Va lr~m~m§Zm AÎma dJ¡ao cmdyZ aoe_r dñÌmV Jw§S>miyZ nmiÊ`mV KmcÊ`mV `oB©. lr_hmamO "nmiUm' JmD$Z lr~m~m§Zm hiwdma PmoHo$ XoV AgV. Ë`mZ§Va CnpñWV gdmªZm ~gë`mOmJr lr~m~m§Mo Xe©Z {Xco OmB©. gd© ñÌr-nwéfm§Zm Xe©Z {_ion`ªV XwnmaMo VrZ dmOV AgV. Xe©Z Mmcy AgVmZm CnpñWV dmaH$ar _§S>ir ^OZo JmV AgV. Xe©ZmMm H$m`©H«$_ Pmë`mda _hmàgmX hmoB©. gm`§H$mir AmaVr Pmë`mda {ÌnwanyOZmMm H$m`©H«$_ gwê$ hmoB©. {Ìnwamgya `m amjgmMm `m {Xder dY Pmcm hmoVm, Vmo AmZ§XmoËgd åhUOo {Ìnwar nm¡{U©_oMm CËgd. lr~m~m§À`m _§{Xamg_moa _§S>nmV Xrn_mi V`ma H$ê$Z Ë`mda nUË`m§Mr Amamg Ho$cr OmB©. do._y.gào JwéOr nyOm gm§JV Am{U EImXm ^º$ {ÌnwanyOZmcm ~gV Ago. XyY-gmIaoMm Z¡doÚ XmIdyZ {Ìnwa nmOicm OmV Ago. EImÚm doir MVwX©er d nm¡{U©_m EH$mM {Xder Amë`mg MVwX©erÀ`m {Xder {ÌnwanyOZ H$aÊ`mV `oD$Z, lr~m~m§Mm OÝ_moËgd Xwgè`m {Xder gmOam H$aÊ`mV `oB©. {ÌnwanyOZmZ§Va nmcIr gmohim hmoB©. _mÌ `m gmohù`mMo d¡{eîQ>ç åhUOo `m doir _§{XaAmdmamÀ`m ~mhoarc añË`mdê$Z dmOV-JmOV _moR>çm O„mofmV {_adUwH$sVyZ nmcIr {_adrV ZoV EH$ àX{jUm KmcÊ`mV `oV Ago. Zoh_rÀ`mM nÕVrZo _§{Xam^modVmcr EH$ àX{jUm Pmcr H$s Xwgar àX{jUm _§{XamÀ`m Amdmam~mhoarc añË`mdê$Z KmcÊ`mgmR>r nmcIr, _§{XamÀ`m àdoeÛmamVyZ ~mhoa añË`mda `oB©. `m àX{jUogmR>r A{Ve` XjVoZo gd© V`mar Ho$cocr Ago. {_adUyH$ gmd©O{ZH$ añË`mdê$Z OmUma Agë`m_wio nmo{cgImË`mMr arVga nadmZJr H$mT>cocr Ago. Ë`m{edm` {_adUwH$s~amo~a O`§Ë`m nd] _hmoËgd.. / 135

EH$ g~-BÝñnoŠQ>a, EH$ hoS>H$m°ÝñQ>o~c Am{U ~mam nmocrg Agm nmocrg ~§Xmo~ñV arVga \$s ^ê$Z R>odcocm Ago. drO nwadR>çmda lr_hmamO H$Yrhr ^adgm R>odyZ amhmV ZgV. Ë`m_wio lr.Hw$cH$Uu J°g~Îmrdmco `m§Mr 35-40 _mUgo J°g~Î`m S>moŠ`mda KoD$Z {_adUwH$sgmo~V MmcV AgV. AWm©V Ë`m_wio {_adUwH$sMr emo^m dmT>V Ago. {edm` Xj ñd`§godH$m§Mr \$m¡O {_adUwH$sgmo~V MmcV Ago. Varhr nmcIr añË`mda `oÊ`mnydu lr_hmamO ñdV: XmoZXmoZXm añË`mMr, dmhVwH$sMr nmhmUr H$arV AgV. R>aë`mà_mUo gd© H$mhr hmoV Amho `mMr ImÌr H$ê$Z KoV. Xwgè`m àX{jUogmR>r nmcIr _w»` àdoeÛmamnmer Amcr H$s H$mhr ñd`§godH$ Am{U ~§Xmo~ñVmMo nmocrg añË`mdarc dmhVyH$ amoIyZ YarV Am{U hiyhiy {_adUyH$ _mJ©ñW hmoB©. {_adUwH$sÀ`m AJ«^mJr ~¡cJmS>rV Mm¡KS>m PS>V Ago Am{U qeJr Amnco MH$MH$sV {nVir qeJ é~m~XmanUo C^o amhÿZ dma§dma \w§$Hy$Z lr~m~m§À`m AmJ_ZmMr Ûmhr {\$adrV Ago. Ë`m nmR>monmR> lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mm ^Jdm OarnQ>H$m ÜdO KoD$Z lr.CÕdamd Im§S>oH$a Mmccoco AgV. {YßnmS>, n¡cdmZr eara`ï>r, é~m~Xma \o$Q>m Am{U hmVmV ÜdO VmocyZ AmË_{dœmgnyd©H$ nmdco Q>mH$Ê`mMr T>~, `m_wio lr.CÕdamdm§da gdmªÀ`m ZOam {IiyZ amhm`À`m. ho CÕdamd Im§S>oH$a EH$Xm J§^ra AmOmar hmoVo. lr_hmamO Ë`m§Zm ^oQ>Ê`mgmR>r é½Umc`mV Joco hmoVo. lr_hmamO Ë`m§Zm åhUmco, ""CÕdamd, lr~m~m§Mm P|S>m Vwåhmcm AOyZ ~arM df} ZmMdm`Mm Amho !'' CÕdamdm§Mr lr_hmamOm§da {Zñgr_ ^º$s Am{U nyU© {dœmg hmoVm. lr_hmamOm§À`m `m eãXm§Zr OmXy Ho$cr. CÕdamdm§À`m _ZmVrc {^Vr {ZKyZ Jocr. AmË_{dœmg dmQy> cmJcm Am{U Vo IS>IS>rV ~ao Pmco. lr_hmamOm§À`m Amerdm©Xmà_mUo nwT>o AZoH$ df} lr~m~m§Mm P|S>m ZmMdyZ AIoarg 85 ì`m dfu Ë`m§Zr BhcmoH$ gmoS>cm. OarnQ>Š`m_mJo A~XmJra, Jê$S>-hZw_§V, M§Ð-gy`©, ÜdO-nVmH$m `m§gh Q>mi _¥X§JmÀ`m Vmcmda ^OZo JmV, ZmMV Mmccocr qXS>r Ago. Ë`m_mJo lr~m~m§Mr nmcIr Ago. Oar {H$ZImnmMr qnOar, da H$ig, AmV_Ü`o aoe_r Jm|S>o qhXH$iV AmhoV, ì`mK«mOrZmda _I_cr cmoS>-{JaÚm AmhoV Am{U Ë`mda lrgX²>Jwê$ ~m~m§Mr gm{Oar _yVu _ñVH$s _wHw$Q>, H$mZr Hw§$S>co, A§Jm-Im§Úmda eoco, gwJ§Yr nwînhma Aer CÎm_ VèhoZo e¥§Jmê$Z R>odcocr Amho; nmcIrVM g_moa, VodT>çmM CÎm_ VèhoZo gO{dcoë`m, lrñdm_r g_W© Am{U lrgX²>Jwê$ ~rS>H$a _hmamO `m§À`m _yVu {damO_mZ AmhoV; lr~m~m§Zm n§»`mZo hcH$m dmam KmcÊ`mV `oV Amho; PwnHo$Xma Mdar T>micr OmV Amho; nmcIrda N>Ì-Mm_ao Yacocr AmhoV, ê$noar JwP©~ Im§Úmcm AS>H$dyZ ^mcXma-MmonXma nmcIrÀ`m XwV\$m© Mmcco AmhoV Ago Vo gmao Ñî` ZoÌm§Mo nmaUo \o$S>Umao Ago. nmcIr^modVr ^º$_§S>ir ^OZo JmV, ZmMV, JOa H$arV Mmccocr Ago. Ë`m§À`m_mJyZ ñÌrdJ© nma§n[aH$ dofm_Ü`o Zm_ñ_aU H$arV Mmccocm Ago. g§nyU© _mJm©da ^wB©Zù`m§Mr AmVf~mOr Ho$cr OmV Ago. 25-30 \y$Q> C§M PonmdUmar àH$memMr 136 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

H$ma§Or gmam Amg_§V COiyZ Q>mH$sV. \$Q>mŠ`m§Mo _moR>_moR>o ga \$moS>Ê`mV `oV. doJdoJù`m àH$maMr AmVf~mOr Mmcy Ago. ho emo^oÀ`m XméH$m_mMo Z_wZo lr_hmamOm§Zr AmYr àË`j nmhÿZ, nmaIyZ KoVcoco AgV. Ë`m_Yrc g§^mì` YmoHo$ cjmV KoD$Z, lr_hmamO gmdYnUo ho Z_wZo {ZdS>rV. ho \$Q>mHo$ e{Zdma noR>oVrc lr.M§Xw^mB© nwadm`Mo Am{U Ë`m§Mm EH$ _mUyghr nmcIr~amo~a AmVf~mOrgmR>r V¡ZmV Ago. ^wB©Zio CS>{dÊ`mgmR>r {ZdS>H$ ñd`§godH$ AmYrM {Z{üV Ho$coco AgV. {edm` Ë`m§À`mda {Z`§ÌU Am{U XoIaoIrgmR>r lr.eaX gào Am{U lr._mYdamd _moKo ho Img Zo_coco AgV. gd© \$Q>mHo$ H$mhr ^º$m§À`m JmS>çm§_Ü`o ^ê$Z, Ë`m JmS>çm {_adUwH$sÀ`m nwT>o gwa{jV A§Vamda AgV. Ë`m JmS>çm§_Ü`o ~gyZ H$mhr d¥Õ _§S>irhr àX{jUm nyU© H$arV Am{U H$mhr chmZ _wcho r JmS>rV ~gÊ`mMr hm¡g ^mJdyZ KoV. nmcIr _§{Xamg_moê$Z {ZKmcr H$s COì`m ~mOyg diyZ "Xrn ~§Jcm' Mm¡H$mH$S>o {ZKo. dmQ>oV dS>madmS>rMr dñVr cmJo, VoWo AZoH$ _{hcm nmÊ`mÀ`m ^aë`m KmJar KoD$Z g‚m AgV. nmcIrÀ`m _mJm©da nmcIrg_moa Ë`m Amnë`m KmJar [aH$må`m H$arV. nmcIrMm _mJ© ñdÀN> ìhmdm Aer Ë`m§Mr lÕm Ago. Ë`m§Zm gmIa\w$Q>mÊ`mMm àgmX dmQ>Ê`mV `oB© Am{U nmcIr "Xrn ~§Jcm' Mm¡H$mV `oB©. `m Mm¡H$mV EH$ Zmai _yVvdê$Z AmodmiyZ \$moSy>Z Q>mH$cm OmB©. VoWo EImXm A^§J åhQ>cm OmB©. VoWyZ nmcIr _m°S>oc H$m°cZrÀ`m WmoamV Mm¡H$mH$S>o `oB©, Voìhm Xwgam Zmai AmodmiyZ \$moSy>Z Q>mH$cm OmB©. nwT>o OJVmn Mm¡H$ Am{U kmZoœa nmXwH$m Mm¡H$mVhr Zmai AmodmiyZ \$moSy>Z Q>mH$cm OmB©. `m gd© _mJm©da H$mhr gwdm{gZr ltÀ`m _yVvZm Am¡jU H$arV AgV. nydu kmZoœa nmXwH$m Mm¡H$mV nmcIr Amcr H$s lr_hmamO H$mhr _§S>itZm ~amo~a KoD$Z lrkmZoœa _§{XamV OmD$Z AmaVr H$arV AgV. hm AmaVrMm àKmV AZoH$ df} Mmcy hmoVm. na§Vw lrkmZoœa _§{XamVrc H$mhr ì`º$s¨Zr EH$Xm lr_hmamOm§H$S>o lr~m~m§À`m [aH$må`m nmcIrMr Ë`m§À`m H$m`©H«$_mgmR>r _mJUr Ho$cr. _§{XamVrc H$moUVrhr dñVy ~mhoa XoÊ`mMr nÕV Zgë`m_wio lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`mg ZH$ma {Xcm. Ë`m_wio Ë`m ì`º$s amJmdë`m Am{U Ë`mdfu lr~m~m§Mr nmcIr _§{Xamnmer Amcr Voìhm XadmOmcm Hw$cyn cmdcoco hmoVo. dmñV{dH$ lrkmZoœa _§{Xa ho Mmodrg Vmg CKS>oM AgVo. `m àH$mamZ§Va _mÌ AmVm nmcIr VoWo Z Wm§~Vm WoQ> g_m{Y_§{Xamnmer `oVo. nmcIr g_m{Y_§{Xamnmer `oÊ`mnydu nmM-Xhm {_{ZQ>o AJmoXa nwT>o `oD$Z _§{XamVrc gd© V`mar ì`dpñWV Pmcr Amho, `mMr lr_hmamO ñdV: ImÌr H$aV. nmcIr _§{Xamg_moa Amcr H$s gmo~VMr qXS>r, _{hcmdJ© Am{U BVa _§S>ir àW_ AmV `oD$Z hmV-nm` YwD$Z _§{Xamg_moa Wm§~V Am{U _J nmcIr _§{XamV àdoe H$ar. Ë`m doir nmcIrÀ`m Iwam§da Am{U Vr CMcyZ KoVcoë`m ^º$m§À`m nm`m§da XyY d nmUr KmVco OmB©. ltÀ`m _yVvdê$Z Xhr^mV CVadyZ Vmo ~mhoa ZoD$Z Xyada R>odcm OmB©. EH$ Zmai AmodmiyZ ~mhoa ZoD$Z \$moSy>Z Q>mH$cm OmB©. Ë`mZ§Va ZD$dmar gmS>r Zogcoë`m, ZmH$mV ZW O`§Ë`m nd] _hmoËgd.. / 137

ë`m`coë`m, nmM gwdm{gZr ltZm AmodmirV AgV Am{U nmcIr _§{Xamg_moa `oD$Z Xwgar àX{jUm nyU© hmoB©. Ë`mZ§Va {Vgar àX{jUm nyU© H$ê$Z AmaVr _§Ìnwîn AmXr ì`dpñWVarË`m nyU© H$ê$Z _J hm gmohim nyU© hmoB.© AmaVrZ§Va {_adUwH$sV Amcoë`m ~Îmrdmë`m H$m_Jmam§Zm àgmX XoD$Z ~moidU Ho$cr OmB©. VgoM nmo{cgm§Zmhr gd© ^º$ _§S>itgmo~V _hmàgmX {Xcm OmB©. _§{Xam~mhoê$Z H$mT>Ê`mV `oUmar hr ^ì` {_adUyH$ hm `m CËgdmVrc EH$ AË`§V _hÎdmMm H$m`©H«$_ AgVmo. Vmo g§nyU©nUo `eñdr H$aÊ`mgmR>r AMyH$ {Z`moOZ Am{U XyaÑï>rMr Amdí`H$Vm AgVo. H$moUË`mhr àH$maMm A{à` àg§J KSy>Z {_adUwH$sg Jmc~moQ> cmJy Z`o åhUyZ gd© àH$maÀ`m eŠ`Vm cjmV KoD$Z g§^mì` AS>MUtMo {ZdmaU H$aÊ`mgmR>r g‚mVm Agmdr cmJVo. Aer g‚mVm Am{U {Z`moOZ ho lr_hmamOm§Mo gdm©V _moR>o d¡{eîQ>ç hmoVo, Ë`m_wio {_adUyH$ Zoh_rM O„mofmV Am{U AmZ§XmV nma nS>V Amcr Amho. Ooìhm _moR>m g_wXm` EH$Ì `oVmo Ë`m doir "{eñV' AË`§V Amdí`H$ AgVo. hr "{eñV' OoìhmHo$ìhm _mUyg àW_ lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV `oVmo VoìhmnmgyZM {eH${dcr OmVo. Varhr {_adUwH$sVrc ^º$OZm§Mo dV©Z {eñV~Õ amhrc `mH$S>o lr_hmamOm§Mo ~maH$mB©Zo cj Agm`Mo. ñd`§godH$mÀ`mH$adr hr {eñV H$mQ>oH$moanUo nmicr Om`Mr. Ë`m_wio _mJm©darc cmoH$ Aer {eñV~Õ {_adUyH$ nmhÿZ AmZ§{XV ìhm`Mo; W¸$ ìhm`Mo, {VMr Vmar\$ H$am`Mo. {Z`moOZ, {eñV `m Jmoï>r Agë`m Varhr H$mhr doim hdm_mZmgma»`m ~o^ader Jmoï>t_wio H$m`©H«$_mMm nyU©nUo \$‚mm CSy> eH$Vmo. 1978 gmcr lr~m~m§À`m O`§VrÀ`m {Xder gH$minmgyZM Am^mi ^ê$Z Amcoco hmoVo. Xwnmar _hmàgmX Pmë`mda Va {dOm M_Hy$ cmJë`m. _oKJO©Zm gwê$ Pmë`m. na§Vw _§{XamVrc H$m`©H«$_ Zoh_rà_mUoM Mmcy hmoVo. nmcIr àX{jUoMr V`mar gwê$M hmoVr. `m V`mar~amo~aM, N>Í`m, Km|JS>çm, ßc°pñQ>H$Mr _moR>çm AmH$mamMr AmdaUo Ago gm{hË` Jmoim H$aÊ`mMr gyMZm lr_hmamOm§Zr Ho$cr. {Z`mo{OV H$m`©H«$_mà_mUo nmcIr àX{jUogmR>r _§{Xam~mhoa nS>cr Am{U {Yå`m JVrZo _mJ©H«$_U H$ê$ cmJcr. nmD$g H$moUË`mhr jUr gwê$ hmoB©c Ago dmQ>V hmoVo. _mÌ g§nyU© àX{jUm _mJm©da H$moR>ohr nmdgmMm EH$ W|~ nS>cm Zmhr Am{U nmcIr _§{XamV ì`dpñWV naVcr. Ë`mM doir àX{jUm _mJm©Mm n[aga gmoS>ë`mg BVaÌ YmoYmo d¥ï>r hmoV hmoVr. lr_hmamOm§À`m gX²>Jéw {Zð>c o m, ÑT>{Zü`mcm Am{U gm_Ï`m©cm Ë`m {Xder {ZgJm©Zo Amnë`m nÕVrZo _mZd§XZmM {Xcr. gZ 1984 À`m O`§Vr CËgdmÀ`m AmYr H$mhr {Xdg lr_Vr B§{Xam Jm§Yr `m§Mr hË`m Pmcocr hmoVr. Ë`m_wio lr_hmamOm§Zr ~mhoarc nmcIr àX{jUm, gd© nyd© V`mar nyU© Pmcocr AgyZhr aÔ Ho$cr. `m {ZU©`m_Ü`o Zoh_rÀ`m gmdYnUmnojm qH$dm gmdYnUm~amo~aM lr_Vr B§{Xam Jm§Yr§~amo~a Agcoë`m ñZohnyU© n[aM`mMm ^mJ A{YH$ Agmdm Ago dmQ>Vo. lr_Vr Jm§Yt~Ôc Ë`m§À`m _ZmV __Ëd hmoVo. ^{dî`mV `oD$ KmVcoë`m ^rfU g§H$Q>m{df`r gmdY{JarMm Bemamhr Ë`m§Zr Ë`m§Zm {Xcm 138 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

hmoVm. na§Vw Varhr ìhmd`mMo Vo hmoD$Z Joco hmoVo. g_mO_ZmMo ^mZ R>odyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m dfu {_adUyH$ aÔ Ho$cr Am{U lr_Vr Jm§YtÀ`m H$m`m©cm AmXam§Ocr dm{hcr. gd©gmYmaUnUo Xwgè`m {XdgmÀ`m H$m`©H«$_mMr gm§JVm ìhm`cm nhmQ>oMo VrZ dmOcoco AgV. lr~m~m§À`m O`§VrÀ`m `m {Xder lr_hmamO g§nyU© {Xdg Cndmg H$arV AgV, Vmohr AJXr H$S>H$S>rV nyU©nUo {Zamhmar Cndmg. H$m{V©H$ dÚ à{VnXm - CËgdmÀ`m `m AIoaÀ`m {Xder _mJrc XmoZ {Xdgm§à_mUoM gH$mir gm_wXm{`H$ CnmgZm, cKwéÐ, Mhm-Ý`mhmar, gX²>J«§WdmMZ Am{U Xwnmar _hmàgmX Ago H$m`©H«$_ hmoV. _hmàgmXmZ§Va _§{XamV "lt'g_moa _§ÌOmJa hmoV Ago. Ë`mM doir _§S>nmV dº¥$Ëd ñnYm©hr hmoV Ago. `m ñnY}cm d`mMr AQ> Zgo. {df` Am`Ë`m doir Omhra Ho$cm OmB© Am{U Vmo AmÜ`mpË_H$ qH$dm Ym{_©H$ ñdê$nmMm Ago. `m ñnY}Z§Va ~jrg g_ma§^ hmoB© Am{U Ë`m doir ñnY}Mm {ZH$mc Omhra hmoB©. ~jrg g_ma§^ - chmZ _wcm§_Ü`o nmR>m§Va Am{U {ZË` CnmgZoMr AmdS> {Z_m©U ìhmdr, {dMmagaUr gËàd¥Îm ìhmdr, d¥Îmr gmpÎdH$ ìhmdr `mgmR>r lr_hmamOm§Zr nmR>m§Va ñnYm© gwê$ Ho$cr. Jwénm¡{U©_ocm _w§~B© Am{U nwÊ`mVrc ñWmZmV \$cH$mda `m ñnY}Mo {Z`_-AQ>r, doi, {df`, OmJm Aer gd© _m{hVr cmdÊ`mV `oV Ago. ñnYm© nwUo, _w§~B© Am{U ~S>moXo Aem VrZ {R>H$mUr KoVcr OmB©. {Xdmir Vo lr~m~m§Mr O`§Vr `m Xaå`mZ Vr KoVcr OmB©. d`mo_mZmà_mUo JQ> H$ê$Z lr_ZmMo ûcmoH$, ^JdX²>JrVoMo AÜ`m`, nd_mZ Ago {df` nmR>m§VamgmR>r {Xco OmV. narjH$ åhUyZ do._y.gào JwéOr, lr.~m~m Q>|~o, lr.{dœZmW {_amer Aem cmoH$m§da O~m~Xmar gmon{dÊ`mV Amcocr Ago. `m ñnY}Mm {ZH$mc ~jrg g_ma§^mÀ`m doir Omhra Ho$cm OmV Ago. ~jrg g_ma§^, lr~m~m§Mo _§{Xa Am{U nmÊ`mMr Q>mH$s `m _Yë`m ^mJmV hmoB©. _w»` ~¡R>H$sda lr_hmamO Am{U Ë`m§À`mg_doV S>m°.lr.X.Omoer, lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~, lr.~mUmdcr `m§À`mgmaIr _mÝ`da _§S>ir AgV. ñnY}Vrc {dOoË`m§Mr Zmdo nwH$maVmM àW_ Vo _§{XamV OmD$Z lr~m~m§Zm Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z `oV Am{U Z§Va lr_hmamO Am{U AÝ` _mÝ`dam§Zm Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z ~jrg ñdrH$marV. ~{jgm§Mo dmQ>n Pmco H$s, _mÝ`da cmoH$ Amnco _mJ©Xe©Zna {dMma _m§S>rV AgV Am{U eodQ>r ñdV: lr_hmamO Amnco _ZmoJV lmoË`m§nwT>o _m§S>r>V AgV. Ë`mV àm_w»`mZo A{YH$m{YH$ _wcm§Zr `m ñnYmªVyZ ^mJ ¿`mdm åhUyZ AmdmhZ Ho$coco Ago. EImÚm dfu ñnY©H$m§Mr g§»`m H$_r Agcr Va ^º$m§Mr H$S>H$ eãXmV H$mZCKS>Ur hmoB©. lr_hmamO åhUV H$s doX{dÚm Am{U Ym{_©H$ dmL²>_` `m§Mr AmO Cnojm hmoV Amho. na§Vw `mM Jmoï>r g_mOmMo à~moYZ H$aVmV. g§VdmL²>_`mZoM g_mO gwg§ñH¥$V hmoVmo. åhUyZ chmZ d`mVM Ë`m§Mr JmoS>r cmdcr nm{hOo. O`§Ë`m nd] _hmoËgd.. / 139

hm ~jrg g_ma§^ gmYmaUnUo amÌr AmR> dmOon`ªV Mmcm`Mm. Ë`mZ§Va _§{XamV AmaVr hmoD$Z nmcIr gmohim gwê$ hmoB©. nmcIrÀ`m VrZ àX{jUm nyU© hmoV. Ë`mZ§Va _hmàgmX hmoB© Am{U lr_hmamO cirVmÀ`m H$sV©Zmcm àma§^ H$arV, Voìhm amÌrMo VrZ dmOcoco AgV. cirVmMo H$sV©Z åhUOo CËgdmMr gm§JVm. `m H$sV©ZmÀ`m AIoarg gdmªZm VrW©-àgmX {Xë`mZ§Va CËgdmMr g_már hmoVo. AmYr Zoh_rà_mUoM nyd©a§J hmoB©. nyd©a§JmV lr_hmamO KoVcoë`m A^§JmMo EdT>o {dñV¥V {Zê$nU H$arV H$s EH$m H$sV©ZmV EH$m A^§JmMo {Zê$nU nyU© Pmco Ago H$Yr hmoV Zgo. Ë`m_wio nyduÀ`m H$sV©ZmV {Zê$nUmcm KoVcocm A^§JM nwÝhm KoD$Z lr_hmamO nwT>rc ^mJmMo {dñVmamZo {Zê$nU H$arV AgV. H$mhr doim Am»`mZ{df`hr AgmM Anwam am{hcocm Ago Vmo nwT>rc H$sV©ZmÀ`m doir nyU© Ho$cm OmB©. lr_hmamOm§Mo {Zê$nU Mmcy AgVmZm lr_hmamO _w»` {df`mÀ`m AZwf§JmZo EdT>r à_mUo XoV, EdT>o Ñï>m§V XoV, doJdoJù`m g§V H$dtMr H$mì`o, g§ñH¥$V ûcmoH$, gw^m{fVo EdT>r EoH$drV H$s Ë`m§Mr Vr {Zê$nUo EoH$Ê`mgmR>r OrdmMo H$mZ H$amdoV. na§Vw H$sV©Z amÌr Iyn C[eam Mmcy ìhm`Mo Am{U Ë`m AmYr nmcIr àX{jUoV ^anya ZmMyZZmMyZ lmoV¥dJ© WHy$Z Jococm Agm`Mm. Aem doir Ë`m§À`mda {ZÐoMm A§_c nS>Uo ñdm^m{dH$M Ago. Ë`m_wio lr_hmamO {Zê$nUmÀ`m AmoKmVM EImXm {dZmoXr MwQ>H$m gm§JyZ lmoË`m§Zm nwÝhm VmOoVdmZo H$am`Mo. "Mhm' `m {df`mda lr_hmamOm§Zr EH$ hcHo$\w$cHo$ JrV aMcoco hmoVo. Vo Aem doir lr_hmamO {_íH$scnUo åhUyZ XmIdrV Am{U lmoË`m§Zm AmirnmirZo MhmnmZmgmR>r OmD$Z `m`cm gm§JV AgV. nyd©a§J Am{U Am»`mZ Pmco H$s cirVmMm H$m`©H«$_ gwê$ hmoB©. Am»`mZmV H$moUVmhr H$Wm^mJ Agcm Var cirVmÀ`m H$sV©ZmV Vmo eodQ>r à^y am_M§Ðm§À`m Xa~mamer Iw~rZo OmoS>cm OmVmo. ""aËZOS>rV qghmgZŸ& dar emo^o aKwZ§XZŸ&&'' `m A^§JmZo lr_hmamO à^y lram_M§Ðm§Mm Xa~ma lmoË`m§g_moa C^m H$arV. à^y am_M§Ð qghmgZmda Amê$T> Pmco AmhoV, dm_m§Jr OJ‚mZZr grVm_mB© AmhoV, cú_U, ^aV, eÌw¿Z Mdè`m T>mirV AmhoV, g_moa _mê$Vram` hmV OmoSy>Z C^o AmhoV, lram_ Mm¡Xm dfmªMm dZdmg g§ndyZ, amdUmMm dY H$ê$Z nwZü A`moÜ`oV Amcoco AmhoV, AmZ§X gmohim gwê$ Amho, Amnë`m g»`mgmo~Ë`m§Zm dómc§H$ma XoD$Z à^y lram_ Ë`m§Mm `Wmo{MV gËH$ma H$arV AmhoV, Agm hm AmZ§XmMo amo_m§M A§Jmda CR>{dUmam àg§J lr_hmamOm§À`m _wImVyZ EoH$VmZm lmoË`m§Zm EH$ {dcjU hþahwahr cmJyZ amhr. Joco VrZ {Xdg lr~m~m§À`m O`§Vr gmohù`mV a__mU Pmcoë`m ^º$JUm§Zm AmVm hm AmZ§X gmohim g§nV Amcm Amho, lr_hmamOm§Mm {Zamon KoD$Z AmnUmcm `m ñWmZmVyZ AmVm H$mhr doimVM {ZKm`Mo Amho `m {dMmamZo WmoS>o {IÞ dmQ>o. à^y am_M§Ðm§À`m Xa~mamV `m g_`r g_ñV A`moÜ`mdmgr OZ O_m Pmcoco AmhoV Am{U àgmXmMr `mMZm H$arV AmhoV. gX²>Jwé Úmdm àgmX Or PS>H$ar & 140 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

A§Y, nm§Jwim, ~{ham _wH$m & H¡$H$mS>rU _w§S>m XoIm & ^mQ>, {H$Þa, OQ>rc EoH$m & {Vð>VmVr àgmXm && VgoM ""VrW© MaUrMo {eViŸ& Jim VwierMr _mi & BVwHo$ PS>H$ar nmR>dmdo & Zmhr Var ~{i`m hmoD$Zr ahmdo &&'' Aem eãXmV VrWm©Mr `mMZm H$arV AmhoV. lr_hmamO hr ^º$m§Mr AmO©do EdT>çm H$mê$Ê`nyU© ñdamV JmV AgV H$s Vo gmao Ñî` lmoË`m§À`m _Z:Mjw§nwT>o C^o amhr. EH$ df© lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m ^º$m§Zm _wH$m, ~{ham, Am§Yim, nm§Jim Aem ^y{_H$m doe^yfogh XoD$Z Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z ^mê$S>o gmXa H$adyZ KoVcr Ë`m_wio Ë`m dfuMo cirVmMo H$sV©Z \$maM Aà{V_ Pmco. lrgX²>Jwê$ ~m~m§À`m nXH$_cm§Mo ßc°ñQ>a Am°\$ n°arg_Ü`o R>go KoD$Z, Ë`mdê$Z V`ma Ho$coë`m nmXwH$m, Mm§XrÀ`m VmQ>mV R>odyZ, aoe_r dñÌmZo AmÀN>mXyZ Mm¡a§Jmda R>odcoë`m AgV. cirVmÀ`m H$sV©ZmZ§Va Ë`m§Mr lr_hmamO nyOm H$arV. do._y.gào JwéOr hr nyOm g§H$ënnyd©H$ gm§JV AgV. Ë`mZ§Va CËgd-_§S>imMo AÜ`j S>m°.lr.X.Omoer lr_hmamOm§Mr nmÚnyOm H$arV AgV. lr_hmamOm§Mo nm` Ja_ nmÊ`mZo YwdyZ, ñdÀN> nwgyZ Ë`mda J§Y cmdco OmV Ago d \w$co dm{hcr OmV. ""hr _mPr nyOm ZgyZ h[aXmgmMr nyOm Amho,'' Ago lr_hmamO Ë`m doir åhUV AgV. Ë`mZ§Va AÜ`jm§Zm lr_hmamO {dS>m, ~Îmmgm, nmXwH$m§darc àgmXnwîn d Zmai àgmX åhUyZ XoV AgV. `mZ§Va CnpñWV ^º$JUm§Zm lr_hmamO `mMàH$mao àgmX XoV AgV. lr_hmamO Amnë`m ^º$m§Zm, Amnë`m gX²>Jwê§$À`m _§{XamV, H$Yrhr ñdV:cm Z_ñH$ma H$ê$ XoV ZgV. _mÌ \$º$ `m doir "h[aXmg' åhUyZ lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV Vo ^º$m§Mo Z_ñH$ma ñdrH$marV AgV. àgmX dmQ>nmgmR>r AmUcoë`m Zmaim§Zm qnOa cmdyZ R>odÊ`mMo H$m_ H$sV©Z Mmcy AgVmZmM H$mhr ñd`§godH$m§Zr H$ê$Z R>odcoco Agm`Mo. àgmX dmQ>n Mmcy AgVmZm CnpñWV dmaH$ar-_§S>ir AmirnmirZo A^§J JmD$Z Amncr godm gmXa H$arV AgV. lr_hmamO àgmX dmQ>n H$aVmZm, H$mhr H$maUmZo CËgdmcm `oD$ Z eH$coë`m Amnë`m ^º$m§Zm ñ_aUnyd©H$ Xwgè`m EImÚm ^º$mnmer àgmX nmR>dyZ XoV AgV. ho àgmX dmQ>n gH$mir gmV-AmR> dmOon`ªVhr Mmco. EH$Xm Va ({X. 2.12.1982) Vo gH$mir gmS>oAH$am dmOon`ªV Mmcy hmoVo. nhmQ>o VrZÀ`m gw_mamg H$sV©Zmcm C^o am{hcoco _hmamO gm§JVon`ªV EH$mM OmJr C^o AgV. EH$Xm lr.adtÐ namS>H$a àgmX dmQ>nmÀ`m doir lr_hmamOm§À`m hmVr EH$EH$ Zmai, {dS>m, ~Îmmgm dJ¡ao àgmX XoV hmoVo. ^am^a Zmai XoÊ`mÀ`m JS>~S>rV Ë`m§À`m hmVyZ EH$ Zmai gQ>Hy$Z lr_hmamOm§Mo nmdcm§da nS>cm. Zmaihr AmH$mamZo Mm§Jcm XUXUrV hmoVm. Amnë`m hmVyZ Zmai nSy>Z lr_hmamOm§Zm cmJco Agoc, doXZm Pmë`m AgVrc `m {dMmamZo lr.namS>H$a eaq_Xo Pmco. O`§Ë`m nd] _hmoËgd.. / 141

na§Vw lr_hmamO _mÌ H$mhrM Pmco Zmhr Aem VèhoZo àgmX dmQ>n H$arV hmoVo. VrZ {Xdgm§À`m AI§S> n[al_mZ§Va, Ë`mVhr amÌ^a C^o amhÿZ H$sV©Z Ho$ë`mda Aem àg§Jr H$moUrhr _mUyg amJmdcm AgVm. na§Vw lr_hmamO em§VM hmoVo. Z§Va namS>H$am§Zr OmD$Z {Xc{Jar ì`º$ Ho$cr na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Zr "Vmo àg§J {dgê$Z Om, H$mhr {deof Pmcoco Zmhr,' Aem eãXmV Ë`m§Mo gm§ËdZ Ho$co. àgmX dmQ>nmZ§Va lr_hmamO 72 Vmgm§À`m Zm_ñ_aUmMr ñdV: gm§JVm H$arV. ho Zm_ñ_aU àgmX dmQ>nmÀ`m doion`ªV Zoh_rM cm§~V Ago. Ë`mZ§Va ""`oB© `oB© hmo, Jwê$am`m & lrJwé ~m~m gX`m & `oB© `oB© hmo &&'' hm lr~m~m§Mm ñda{MV Ym§dm lr_hmamO åhUV AgV. Ë`mMr Mmc nmiÊ`mÀ`m JrVmer {_iVr OwiVr Ago. gwédmVrMr EH$ XmoZ H$S>dr åhUyZ hmoB©n`ªV lr_hmamOm§Mo A§V:H$aU ^ê$Z `oB©. gX²Jwê$§À`m ñ_¥VtZr H§$R> XmQy>Z `oB©. A§V:H$aUmVrc ^mdZm Ymì`mÀ`m eãXmVyZ EdT>çm AmV©nUo ~mhoa nS>V H$s Ë`m§Mm ñda {dìhi hmoB©, S>moù`mVyZ Aly dmhÿ cmJV. EH$ EH$ eãX à`ËZnyd©H$ åhUV, _Zmcm {ZJ«hmZo Amda KmcV, Vo H$gm~gm Ymdm nyU© H$arV. ""AmnU nwÝhm àH$Q> hmoD$Z `m'' Aer {dZdUr H$aVmZm lr_hmamO Amnco n§MàmU Ë`m Ymì`mÀ`m eãXmV Am{U gwamV AmoVrV AgV. `m ^mdm{dîH$mamZo lmoVohr hocmdyZ OmV, _yH$ hmoV. Ym§dm nyU© Pmcm H$s AmaVr hmoD$Z O`§Ë`wËgdmMr gm§JVm hmoV Ago. hm CËgd lr_hmamOm§À`m CËH$Q>, Agr_ Jwé^º$sMo àVrH$ hmoVm Am{U gX²>Jwê§$Mr ^º$s H$er H$amdr `mMm Vmo AmXe© dñVwnmR>hr hmoVm ! M§nmfð>r - "lrJwéH¥$nm' `m B_maVrVrc XodKamV, "lrI§S>oam`' d "lråhmigmB©' `m§À`m Aœmê$T> _yVu nyOogmR>r R>odcoë`m AmhoV. M§nmfð>r åhUOoM _mJ©erf© ewÕ fð>rÀ`m {Xder `m XodVm§Zm dm§½`mMo H$m§Xm KmcyZ Ho$coco ^arV Am{U ÁdmarMr OmS> ^mH$ar (amoS>Jm) Agm Img Z¡doÚ XmI{dcm OmVmo. `m EH$mM {Xder AÞnyUm©J¥hmV H$m§ÚmMm dmna ñd`§nmH$mV hmoVmo. Eadr H$m§Xm ñd`§nmH$mV dÁ`© AgVmo. hmoir - gUm_mJMo Ym{_©H$ g§X^©, ê$T>t_mJMo AW© g_OyZ KoD$Z glÕ A§V:H$aUmZo, emñÌmoº$ nÕVrZo gd© gU gmOao H$aÊ`m{df`r lr_hmamOm§Mm H$Q>mj Ago. Ë`m_wio hmoirMm gUhr H$em _m§Jë`nyU© nÕVrZo gmOam H$am`Mm AgVmo ho lr_hmamOm§Zr g_mOmcm XmIdyZ {Xco. hmoirÀ`m {Xder gH$mir _§{XamVrc gd© XodXodVm§Zm gmIaoÀ`m JmR>r (_mim) dm{hë`m OmVmV Am{U Xwnmar nwaUnmoirMm Z¡doÚ AgVmo. gm`§H$mir Vwcgrd¥§XmdZmÀ`m _mJrc ~mOycm, Zoh_rÀ`m R>acoë`m OmJr O_rZ eoUmZo gmadyZ am§Jmoù`m H$mT>ë`m OmV. EH$ chmZgm IÈ>m 1 x 1 x 1 \y$Q> EdT>m IUyZ Ë`m_Ü`o Ea§S> Am{U ~mJoVrc D$g C^m Ho$cm OmV Ago. Ë`m^modVr cmH$S>o, Jmodè`m, JdV `m§Mr AmQ>monera AmH$mamMr hmoir aMcr OmV Ago. ~oVmÀ`m AmH$mamÀ`m hmoir_wio _moR>m ^S>H$m CSy>Z AnKmV hmoÊ`mMrhr eŠ`Vm Q>micr Om`Mr Am{U cmH$S>o, JdV AmXr gm_J«rMmhr Anì`` Q>micm OmV Ago. gm`§H$miMr 142 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

_§{XamVrc {ZË`mMr AmaVr Pmcr H$s EImÚm ^º$mH$Sy>Z hmoirMr nyOm ì`dpñWVnUo H$ê$Z KoVcr Om`Mr. nyOoZ§Va nwaUnmoirMm Z¡doÚ Am{U Zmai hmoircm An©U Ho$cm Om`Mm. Ë`mZ§Va hmoir noQ>dcr Om`Mr. CnpñWV nwéf-^º$JU hmoircm VrZ àX{jUm KmcyZ Ym{_©H$ àWoà_mUo ~m|~ R>moH$sV AgV. Ë`mZ§Va H$mhr doimZo hmoirVrc Zmai ~mhoa H$mTy>Z, Vmo \$moSy>Z Ë`m Imo~è`mMm Z¡doÚ àW_ lr~m~m§Zm XmIdyZ CnpñWVm§Zm àgmX åhUyZ dmQ>cm OmB©. Z§Va MhmnmZmZ§Va gd© _§S>ir Amnmnë`m Kar OmV. gZ 1972 _Ü`o _§{XamV lr_hmamOm§Mm fîQ>çãXrnyVu g_ma§^ godm_§S>imÀ`m gd© ^º$_§S>itZr AË`§V CËgmhmZo gmOam Ho$cm. `m{Z{_ÎmmZo JUoe`mJmMo Am`moOZ Ho$coco hmoVo. XmoZ {Xdg hdZ Pmco. CJ«aW em§V, _mHª$S>o` nyOm AmXr gd© Ym{_©H$ H$m`©H«$_ `Wmgm§J H$aÊ`mV Amco. `m{Z{_ÎmmZo lr_hmamOm§Mr JwimMr Vwcm H$aÊ`mV Amcr. ^º$m§Zr AmJ«hnyd©H$, gO{dcoë`m _moR>çm VamOyÀ`m EH$m nmaS>çm_Ü`o lr_hmamOm§Zm ~g{dco. lr_hmamO hmVr gX²>Jwê$ lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mm \$moQ>mo KoD$Z ~gco hmoVo. Xwgè`m nmaS>çmV ^ma§^ma Jyi KmcyZ Z§Va Vmo Jyi ~«÷d¥§Xmbm An©U H$aÊ`mV Amcm. `m g_ma§^mÀ`m doir gw_mao n§Yameo nmZo Oodcr. g_ma§^ `Wmgm§J gmOam Pmcm. lr._YwH$a dm. Q>|~o `m§Zm nmR>{dcoë`m nÌmV lr_hmamO `m§Zr `m g_ma§^m~m~V Amnco _ZmoJV ì`º$ H$aVmZm {c{hco Amho ""_cm ñdV:cm `m Jmoï>tMr Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr d ng§Vhr Zmhr. H$maU H$Ue: d jUe: Oo n§M^yVmË_H$ eara _¥Ë`yÀ`m O~S>çmV OmV AgVo Ë`mMo dmT>{Xdg dm g_ma§^ H$aUo ~ao Zìho. AmVm lrgX²>Jwê$ ~m~m§gma»`m AdVmar nwéfm§Mr Jmoï> {Zamir. Agmo. hm g_ma§^ åhUOo Ho$di ~m~m§À`m H¥$noMm Jm¡ad Amho Ago _r g_OVmo. lrgX²>Jwê$ ~m~m§Zr Ë`m§À`m H$m`m©H$[aVm ho eara {Od§V R>odco Amho d AÚmn ~aoMgo H$m`©j_hr R>o{dco Amho hr Ho$di Ë`m§MrM H¥$nm Ago _r g_OVmo.'' gd© ^º$_§S>ir lr_hmamOm§ZmXoIrc AdVmar nwéfM _mZrV AgV Am{U Ë`m§Zr AË`§V ^{º$^mdmZo hm g_ma§^ Am`mo{OV Ho$ë`m_wio ^º$m§darc ào_mnmoQ>r lr_hmamOm§Zm ^º$m§Zr Oo-Oo H$m¡VwH$ Ho$co Vo ñdrH$mamdo cmJco, _mÌ lr_hmamOm§Zr `m{Z{_ÎmmZo H$moUmH$Sy>Zhr Ahoa _mÌ ñdrH$macm Zmhr. D D D

O`§Ë`m nd] _hmoËgd.. / 143

àH$aU : 14

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150 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

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àH$aU : 15

àoËZ§odrU H$m`© Omc§o .... h§o Vm§o KS>oZm && lr_hmamOm§Mo H$m`© Am{U H$m`©nÕVr `m~Ôc {dMma H$aVmZm EH$ Jmoï> OmUdVo H$s, ho gd© àM§S> H$m`© Amnë`m gX²Jwê§${df`rÀ`m Anma lÕoVyZ Pmcoco Amho Am{U Ë`mM doir `m lÕocm lr_hmamOm§Zr EH$ {dñV¥V Aer d¡Mm[aH$ ~¡R>H$ {Xcocr Amho. ""O_rZ Mm§Jcr gwnrH$ nmhÿZ _mÂ`m Zmdo ¹${MV XmUm Q>mH$sV Om'' Agm AmXoe lr~m~m§Zr Á`m doir lr_hmamOm§Zm {Xcm Ë`mM doir Amnë`m gX²>Jwê§$À`m H$m`m©Mr ÜdOm AmnUmcm nwT>o Ý`m`Mr Amho Am{U VoM Amnco EH$_od OrdZH$m`© Amho Agm {Zü` lr_hmamOm§Zr Ho$cm hmoVm Am{U Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr "O_rZ Mm§Jcr gwnrH$ H$aUo' ho Amnco àW_ H$V©ì` _mZco. ""g_mOmÀ`m CÞVrgmR>r g_mOnwéfmMr godm H$aUo Am{U hr godm emñÌewÕ Am{U _mÝ` Aem doX{dÚm, nwamU{dÚm, Am`wdo©X, Á`mo{Vf Aem nma§n[aH$ {dÚm§Mo g§emoYZ, {ejU Am{U àMma H$ê$Z H$aUo'' ho à_wI C{Ôï> lr_hmamOm§À`m Ñï>rg_moa hmoVo. Ë`m_wio lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV AJa S>oadU `oWrc ñWmZmV Oo Oo gU, g_ma§^, CËgd d AÝ` CnH«$_ lr_hmamOm§Zr gwê$ Ho$co, Ë`m{Z{_ÎmmZo Á`m àWm, na§nam, Omonmgë`m qH$dm Zì`mZo {Z_m©U Ho$ë`m, Ë`m àË`oH$m_mJo lr_hmamOm§Mm H$mhrEH$ {Z{üV {dMma hmoVm, {Z{üV C{Ôï> hmoVo. åhUyZ Ë`m-Ë`m C{Ôï>m§à_mUo àË`oH$mMo AË`§V H$miOrnyd©H$ Ho$coco {Z`moOZ hmoVo. H$moUË`mhr Jmoï>rMr {Z`moOZnyd©H$ AmIUr H$aUo ho lr_hmamOm§À`m H$m`m©Mo gdm©V _hÎdmMo d¡{eîQ>ç hmoVo. àË`oH$ CËgdmMr AJa `kg_ma§^mMr EH$ \$mB©c V`ma H$ê$Z {VÀ`m_Ü`o gwñnï> eãXmV `m {Z`moOZmMm AmamIS>m {chÿZ R>odÊ`mMr nÕV lr_hmamOm§Zr AJXr àW_nmgyZ nmS>cr hmoVr. `m \$m`cr_Ü`o Ë`m CËgdmg§~§Yr gd© ~m~tÀ`m Zm|Xr AgV Am{U Amdí`H$ VoWo ZH$meo H$mT>yZ, ~gÊ`mMr ì`dñWm, ^moOZmÀ`m n§º$s¨Mr aMZm qH$dm gOmdQ>rMr aMZm Aem Jmoï>rgwÕm ñnï> Ho$coë`m AgV. àË`oH$ dfu Zì`mZo `m \$m`cr {c{hë`m OmV. Ë`m_wio {c{hVmZm Ë`mVrc àË`oH$ ~m~rMr nwÝhm MMm© hmoD$Z, _mJrc doiÀ`m AZw^dmZo H$mhr gwYmaUm Amdí`H$ Agë`mg Vem H$ê$Z `m \$m`cr AÚ`mdV Ho$ë`m OmV. H$moUVohr H$m_ H$moUm EH$m ì`º$sda Adc§~yZ Agy Z`o, Vo H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar EoZdoir Xwgè`m ì`º$rda nS>ë`mg Ë`mbm Vo H$m_ ZrQ>nUo nwao H$aVm `mdo Agmhr `m \$m`cr R>odÊ`m_mJrc CÔoe hmoVm. Vn{ecdma Zm|Xt_wio nyd©V`marV H$moUVrhr CUrd amhmV Zgo. EImXr Jmoï> {dñ_aUm_wio amhÿZ Jocr Agohr hmoV Zgo. H$moUË`mhr H$m`©H$« _mnydu H$m`©H$Ë`mªMr ~¡R>H$ KoÊ`mMr lr_hmamOm§Mr nÕV hmoVr. lr~m~m _hmamOm§À`m O`§Vrgma»`m _moR>çm H$m`©H«$_mMo doir Va XmoZ-VrZ ~¡R>H$mhr KoVë`m OmV Am{U Ë`m ~¡R>H$m§Mo àoËZo§drU H$m`© Omb|.. / 151

{Xdghr gd©gmYmaUnUo R>acoco AgV. _mÌ H$m`©H«$_ chmZ Agcm AJa _moR>m Agcm Var Ë`mMo {Z`moOZ gma»`mM H$mQ>oH$moanUo Ho$coco Agm`Mo. {eñVrÀ`m ~m~VrV AJa ì`dñWoÀ`m ~m~VrV H$moUË`mhr àH$mao e¡{Wë` `oD$ {Xco OmV Zgo. EImÚm `kmMr AmIUr H$am`Mr Agoc Va àW_ do._y.gào JwéOter {dMma{d{Z_` H$ê$Z `kmgmR>r `mo½` Vmo H$mcmdYr, ~«m÷Um§Mr CncãYVm, ~mhoaJmdmhÿZ H$moU ~«m÷U `oUma, ñWm{ZH$ {H$Vr ~«m÷U AmhoV, H$moUË`m JwéOtH$S>o H$moUË`m Ym{_©H$ H¥$Ë`mMr O~m~Xmar gmondm`Mr, `m gd© Jmoï>r {dMmanyd©H$ R>a{dë`m OmV. _J `kmAmYr XmoZ-AS>rM _{hZo, ñd`§godH$m§Mr ~¡R>H$ ~mocmdyZ Ë`m_Ü`o H$m_mMr O~m~Xmar R>adyZ Zmdm{Zer `mÚm ~Z{dë`m OmV. Ë`mMà_mUo Á`mÀ`mda Aer O~m~Xmar gmondcr Amho, Ë`mcm _XVZrg åhUyZ H$m_ H$aUmao ñd`§godH$hr {ZdS>co OmV. n{hë`m ~¡R>H$sZ§Vahr XmoZ-VrZ doim ñd`§godH$m§Mr ~¡R>H$ ~mocmdyZ Pmcoë`m H$m_mMm AmT>mdm KoVcm OmB©. `kmMm H$m`©H«$_, ~«÷d¥§XmMr amhmÊ`m-OodÊ`mMr ì`dñWm, ^moOZmMr Vn{ecdma ì`dñWm; `m_Ü`o H$moUË`m {Xder {H$Vr _mUgo Ano{jV AmhoV `mMm A§XmO, Ë`mMà_mUo H$moUVo n¹$mÞ, H$moUVr ^mOr Ago gd© H$mhr R>a{dUo, Mhm-nmUr Am{U {daOUmgmR>r {H$Vr XyY cmJoc, `kHw§$S> Am{U `k_§S>n ~m§YUo, JwéOtgmR>r H$nS>o ~XcÊ`mMr OmJm, ^moOZ _§S>nmMr ì`dñWm Aem AZoH$ H$m_m§Mm Aem ~¡R>H$rV D$hmnmoh hmoB©. AemM EH$m ~¡R>H$sV KS>cocm EH$ àg§J lr.adtÐ namS>H$a `m§Zr gm§{JVcm Vmo lr_hmamOm§À`m H$m`©nÕVrda Am{U {dMma H$aÊ`mÀ`m nÕVrda PJPJrV àH$me Q>mH$Umam Amho. lr~m~m§À`m O`§Vr CËgdmnyduMr ñd`§godH$m§Mr EH$ AmT>mdm ~¡R>H$ gwê$ hmoVr. lr_hmamO EH$EH$ ~m~rg§~§Yr àý {dMmê$Z Vmo {df` hmVmdoJim H$arV hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Zr {dMmaco, ""J°g~Î`m ì`dpñWV XwéñV H$ê$Z AmUë`m ?'' g§~§{YV ñd`§godH$mZo hmoH$ma {Xcm. ""Ë`m H$moR>o R>odcoë`m AmhoV ?'' _hmamOm§Zr {dMmaco. Ë`m ñd`§godH$mZo, ""dPoH$mH$m§À`m ImocrV !'' Ago åhQ>co. _hmamOm§Zr Ë`m ñd`§godH$mH$S>o EH$ Vrd« H$Q>mj Q>mH$cm. Ë`m~amo~a Amnco H$mhrVar MwH$co `m OmUrdoZo Ë`mZo _mZ Imcr KmVcr. lr_hmamO Ë`mcm åhUmco, ""da ~K !'' Ë`mcm _hmamOm§H$S>o nmhmÊ`mMo Y¡`© hmoB©Zm. eodQ>r _hmamO H$S>mS>co, ""da ~KVmog H$s _wñH$Q>mV XoD$ ?'' AIoarg Ë`mZo da nm{hë`mda _hmamO åhUmco, ""Vwcm H$moUr gm§{JVco Vr Imocr dPoH$mH$m§Mr Amho åhUyZ ?'' Vmo ñd`§gdo H$ åhUmcm, ""H$moUr Zmhr.'' ""_J Vy Ago H$m åhUmcmg ?'' lr_hmamOm§Zr {dMmaco. XmoZ VrZ doim Ë`mcm VmoM àý {dMmaë`mda _J IwÔ dPoH$mH$m§Zm Ë`m§Zr {dMmaco, ""Vy `mcm Ago gm§{JVcog H$m` ?'' Ë`m§Zr "Zmhr' åhUyZ gm§{JVë`mda nwÝhm Ë`m ñd`§gdo H$mH$S>o diyZ lr_hmamO Ë`mcm ImoXZy ImoXZy VmoM àý {dMmê$ cmJco. hm àH$ma VmgXrS> Vmg Mmcy hmoVm Am{U ~¡R>H$sMo H$m_ Wm§~co hmoV.o eodQ>r Ë`m ñd`§gdo H$mZo Amncr MyH$ H$~yc Ho$cr. _J lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""Vr Imocr dPoH$mH$m§À`m ~mnmMr Zmhr. Vwåhr gmao {Vcm dPoH$mH$m§Mr 152 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Imocr åhUV am{hcmV Am{U H$mcm§VamZo Oa Ë`m§Zr Amncm h¸$ gm§{JVcm, Va H$moQ>©-H$Moar H$aÊ`mV g§ñWoMm doi Am{U n¡gm OmUma. Voìhm Vr Imocr dPoH$mH$m§Mr ZgyZ {OÝ`mImcMr Amho.'' Ë`m ñd`§godH$mH$Sy>Z Vgo H$mZ Yê$Z Ajae: Xhm doim dXdyZ KoVco. Ë`mZ§Va _§{XamVrc gd© Imoë`m§Zm Z§~a XoÊ`mV Amco Am{U _JM ~¡R>H$sMo H$m_ nwT>o gwê$ Pmco. lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV Am{U S>oadUcm df©^a {Za{Zamio gU, g_ma§^, CËgd MmcyM AgV; Ë`m_wio Aem H$m`©H«$_m§Zm Amdí`H$ Aem gd© Jmoï>r _§{XamV gX¡d CncãY Agmì`mV, Ë`mgmR>r H$moR>o ~mhoa Omdo cmJy Z`o, åhUyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr EH$EH$ dñVy nmaIyZ, {ZdSy>Z O_m Ho$cr hmoVr. hOmamo _mUgm§À`m OodUmÀ`m ì`dñWogmR>r gwg‚m Aer ñd`§nmH$Kao `m XmoÝhr ñWmZmV lr_hmamOm§Zr V`ma Ho$cr. Ë`m_Ü`o chmZ M_À`mnmgyZ _moR>çm nmVoë`m§n`ªV gd© ^m§S>r _w~cH$ à_mUmV KoVcocr hmoVr. Ë`mM~amo~a hr ^m§S>r dmnamV ZgVrc Voìhm R>odÊ`mgmR>r _m§S>Ê`m, KS>d§À`m dJ¡ao H$ê$Z Vr ì`dpñWVnUo R>odÊ`mMr gmo`hr Ë`m§Zr H$ê$Z KoVcr. `m ^m§S>çmHw§$S>çm§À`m ZrQ>nUo `mÚm Ho$coë`m AgV. àË`oH$ H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m doir Amdí`H$ VodT>rM ^m§S>r dmnamgmR>r `mXr H$ê$Z H$mT>cr OmV AgV. H$m`©H«$_ Pmë`mda Vr ZrQ> YwD$Z-nwgyZ OmJÀ`m OmJr R>odcr OmV AgV. àË`oH$ dñVy {VÀ`m Zo_coë`m OmJrM R>odÊ`m{df`r _hmamOm§Mm AmJ«h Ago. Á`mà_mUo hr ^m§S>r AJXr ^anya à_mUmV KoVcocr AmhoV, Ë`mMà_mUo YmÝ`o dJ¡ao IaoXr H$aVmZmhr Vr Zoh_r Amdí`H$Vonojm H$mhrnQ>rZo A{YH$ IaoXr H$ê$Z R>odcr OmV AgV. _yJ, Mdir, dmQ>mUm Ago {Q>H$mD$ Zgcoco nXmW© _mÌ Amdí`H$ VodT>oM AmUco OmV AgV. YmÝ`o Mm§Jcr {ZdSy>Z, dmidyZ R>odcocr AgV. ñd`§nmH$KamVrc gd© gm_J«r ZrQ>nUo gmR>dyZ R>odcocr Agm`Mr. YmÝ`mÀ`m nmoË`m§Mr Vm|S>o gwVirZo ~m§YyZ R>odcocr AgV. nrR>-_rR>, Jyi-gmIa Ago gmao S>ã`mV ZrQ> ^ê$Z S>ã`m§Mr PmH$Uo KÅ> H$S>r cmdcocr AgV. IaoXr H$aVmZm na§naoZo MmcV Amcoco g§Ho$V nmico OmV AgV. e{Zdmar qH$dm A_mdñ`ocm Voc, Vyn, cmoUr IaoXr Ho$co OmV Zgo. gmo_dmar qH$dm àXmof Agoc Va cmoUr H$T>{dco OmV Zgo. Mwcr X{jUmoÎma _m§S>ë`m OmV ZgV. ñd`§nmH$KamV gd©àW_ lrAÞnyUm© XodrMr ñWmnZm H$ê$Z _JM ñd`§nmH$mcm gwédmV hmoV Ago. AÞnyU}Mr amoO nyOm, AmaVr, Z¡doÚ Ho$cm OmV Ago. Ë`m_wio ñd`§nmH$Ka gX¡d ñdÀN>, n{dÌ Am{U àgÞ amhr. _moR>çm H$m`©H«$_m§À`m doir ^moOZmMr Zo_H$s {H$Vr nmZo hmoVrc `mMm A§XmO ~m§YUo H$_©H$R>rU H$m_ AgVo. na§Vw lr_hmamOm§da lrAÞnyU}Mr nyU© H¥$nm hmoVr. lr_hmamOm§Zr Ajae: cjmdYr cmoH$m§Zm doJdoJù`m H$m`©H«$_m§À`m doir ^moOZ XoD$Z V¥á Ho$co. ho EH$M H$m_ {H$Vr H$R>rU Amho ho "Omdo Ë`mÀ`m d§em, Voìhm H$io !' _mÌ lrAÞnyUm© XodrMm daXhñV lr_hmamOm§À`m nmR>rer hmoVm Am{U coH$am§Zm ImD$ KmcUmè`m _mVoMr _m`m Ë`m§À`m öX`mV ^acocr hmoVr ho Z¸$s ! H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m doir ñd`§nmH$mMr `moOZm EH$m VŠË`mda Vn{ecdma V`ma Ho$cocr Ago. Ë`m_Ü`o àoËZo§drU H$m`© Omb|.. / 153

àË`oH$ {Xder {H$Vr _mUgo `oVrc `mMm A§XmO KoD$Z, Ë`m {XderMr {VWr, dma cjmV KoD$Z H$moUVo nXmW©, H$moUË`m ^mÁ`m, MQ>Ê`m H$am`À`m ho Zm|X{dco OmB©. CndmgmMm {Xdg Agë`mg Vr doJir ì`dñWm H$amdr cmJo. ^mÁ`m {H$Vr, qc~o, H$moqW{~arÀ`m OwS>çm {H$Vr, XyY {H$Vr cmJoc, Ë`mVrc MhmgmR>r {H$Vr, {daOUmgmR>r {H$Vr, n¹$mÞmgmR>r {H$Vr hohr Zm|Xdcoco Ago. EImXr ^mOr CncãY Z Pmë`mg n`m©`r ^mOr H$moUVr ho R>a{dcoco Ago. `m VŠË`mMr EH$ àV AÞnyUm©J¥hmV cmdcocr Ago Am{U Xwgar lr_hmamOm§Odi AgUmè`m \$mB©c_Ü`o cmdcocr Ago. ñd`§nmH$J¥hmV H$m_ H$aUmao ñd`§godH$, Ë`m§Zm _XV H$aUmao ñd`§godH$ Am{U n§JVrV dmT>Umao ñd`§godH$ `m§À`m `mÚmhr ñd`§nmH$J¥hmda cmdcoë`m Agm`À`m. ho H$m_mMo dmQ>n H$aVmZm g§~{§ YV H$m_mÀ`m àË`oH$ nm`arMm {dMma H$ê$Z AJXr eodQ>À`m nm`arn`ªV H$m_mMr ì`dñWm Z¸$s H$cocr Ago. CXmhaUmW© : Ý`mhmar, MhmnmZmMr ì`dñWm H$aVmZm, Vr dmQ>Ê`mÀ`m doim, dmQ>Umao ñd`§godH$, Vr H$moR>o Úm`Mr; VoWrc Q>o~c, W_m©g, H$n `m§Mr ì`dñWm `oWnmgyZ dmnacoë`m H$n~em, ÐmoU AJa Wmù`m R>do Ê`mgmR>r K_ocr H$moUr R>do m`Mr, H$n~em H$moUr {dgim`À`m `m gd© Jmoï>tMm Vnerc ZrQ> R>a{dcocm Ago. `kg_ma§^mgmaIo XrK©H$mi MmcUmao H$m`©H$« _ Agco H$s Ý`mhmarÀ`m AmYr gdmªZm nmMH$ Am{U gyVeoIa _mÌm {Xcr OmV Ago. ho nmMH$ Amco, qc~y, nmXocmoU, g¢Yd `mnmgyZ ~Z{dcoco Agm`Mo. amoO WmoS>o C{eam hmoUmao ^moOZ, Ë`mV AgUmar gwJ«mg n¹$mÞo, OmJaUo `m_wio AnMZ, {nÎm `m§Mm Ìmg Amcoë`m ^º$JUm§Zm hmoD$ Z`o åhUyZ hr I~aXmarMr Cnm``moOZm Ho$cr OmV Ago. Ìmg Pmë`mda Am¡fYmonMmamgmR>r YmdmYmd H$aÊ`mEodOr Ìmg hmoD$ Z`o åhUyZ AmYrM gmdY{Jar ~miJUo hr lr_hmamOm§Mr {dMmanÕVr hmoVr. nmMH$, _mÌm V`ma H$aÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar EH$m ñd`§godH$mH$S>o gmon{dcocr Ago. Vmo _moR>çm nmVoë`mV Vr V`ma H$ê$Z Ý`mhmarÀ`m doir chmZ nmVoë`m§_YyZ M_Mm Am{U PmH$Um§gh hr gm_J«r Ý`mhmar dmQ>Umè`m ñd`§godH$m§À`m hdmcr H$aV Ago Am{U XaamoO Ý`mhmarÀ`m AmYr nmMH$, _mÌm AJXr {Z`{_VnUo ^º$JUm§Zm Am{U ~«÷d¥§Xmbm {Xcr OmV Ago. MhmÀ`m doimhr H$m`©H«$_mMo ñdê$n Am{U doim cjmV KoD$Z R>a{dcoë`m AgV. `kH$mimV qH$dm O`§Vr CËgdmÀ`m doir H$m`©H«$_ gH$mir cdH$a gwê$ hmoVmV. Ë`m doir ~«÷d¥§X Am{U _§{XamV _w¸$m_mgmR>r Agcoco ~mhoaJmdmhÿZ Amcoco ^º$JU Am{U ñd`§godH$ `m§Mr g§»`m _moR>r AgVo. Ë`m_wio àmV{d©Yr, Am§KmoirgmR>r ^ë`m nhmQ>oM cJ~J gwê$ hmoVo. Voìhm nhmQ>o nmM dmOVmM ñd`§godH$ ñZmZ H$ê$Z MhmMo W_m©g KoD$Z Amnmnë`m {Z`wº$ OmJr Mhm XoÊ`mgmR>r g‚m AgV. nwÊ`mÀ`m H$S>H$ W§S>rV hm Ja_mJa_ Mhm gdmªZmM VaVar AmUVmo. Ë`m_wio ho MhmdmQ>n gH$mir Am{U gm`§H$mir ~amM doi Mmcy Ago. na§Vw H$sV©Z, àdMZ, AmaVr Aem H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m doir _mÌ Mhm dmQn ~§X R>odÊ`mV `oV Ago. Aem doir MhmnmZ H$arV a|JmiV Z ~gVm H$m`©H«$_mV gh^mJr ìhmdo EdT>m {ddoH$ àË`oH$mcm AgVmoM Ago Zmhr åhUyZ hr I~aXmar KoVcr OmV Ago. 154 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

AZoH$Xm lr.adtÐ namS>H$am§H$S>o hr MhmMr ì`dñWm lr_hmamO gmondrV AgV. EH$Xm AemM EH$m CËgd àg§Jr W§S>rMo {Xdg Agë`m_wio cmoH$ nwÝhmnwÝhm Mhm KoV hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§À`m ZOaoVyZ H$mhrM gwQ>V Zgo. Vo MhmÀ`m Q>o~cmOdi Amco Am{U Ë`m§Zr H$S>H$ eãXmV, gdmªMr IaS>nÅ>r H$mT>cr, ""D$g JmoS> cmJcm åhUyZ _wimgH$Q> ImD$ Z`o. lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV H$moUË`mhr Jmoï>rMr H$_VaVm Zmhr; na§Vw Varhr gdmªZr _`m©XoZo dmJmdo.'' namS>H$am§H$S>o nmhÿZ, ""nwÝhm H$moUmcm naVnaV Mhm {Xcmg Va Vwcm R>moHy$Z H$mT>rZ !'' Agm g‚mS> X_ ^acm Am{U Z§Va OmVmZm åhUmco, ""Xo Hw$Umcm Mhm nm{hOo Agoc Va !'' H$moUmMr A{ddoH$s, AdmOdr dmJUyH$ lr_hmamO IndyZ KoV ZgV. ñnï> eãXmV Amncr ZmamOr ì`º$ H$arV. ^º$JUm§Mo _§{XamVrc dmñVì` Ë`m§Zm AmZ§XmMo, gwImMo dmQ>mdo, Ë`m§Mo AmXam{VÏ` AmnwcH$sZo ìhmdo `mgmR>r lr_hmamO à`ËZm§Mr namH$mð>m H$arV. na§Vw H$moUr dmJÊ`m~mocÊ`mV _`m©Xm{VH«$_U H$ê$ nmhrc Va Ë`mMr J` Ho$cr OmV Zgo. `kmÀ`m CËgdmÀ`m H$mimV OmXm ñZmZJ¥ho, _wVmè`m, em¡MHy$n VmËnwaVo ~Z{dÊ`mV `oV. Ë`mVrc H$mhr ~«÷d¥§XmgmR>r amIrd AgV. Ja_ nmÊ`mgmR>r EH$ _moR>r cmoI§S>r Q>mH$s cmoI§S>r JS>©g©da ~gdyZ Imcr {dñVd noQ>dcm OmB©. nhmQ>o VrZ dmOë`mnmgyZ `m Q>mH$sV H$S>H$S>rV Ja_ nmUr V`ma R>odÊ`mgmR>r EH$m _mUgmcm Zo_coco Ago. _§{XamV `oUmè`m ^º$JUm§Zm lr~m~m§À`m Kar Amcoco nmhþUo Ago g_OyZ dmJ{dÊ`mV `oV Ago. àdoeÛmamVyZ AmV Amë`m~amo~a Ë`m§À`m hmVmVrc ~°J, diH$Q>r, {nedr Oo H$mhr gm_mZ Agoc Vo JS>r _mUgo nwT>o hmoD$Z KoV Am{U OoWo Ë`m§Mr CVaÊ`mMr gmo` Ho$cocr Ago VoWo Vo ZoD$Z R>odco OmB©. gm_mZ {H$Vrhr hcHo$ Agco Var AJË`ndy©H$ Ho$coë`m `m chmZem H¥$VrZo Amcoë`m _mUgmÀ`m _ZmV MQ>H$Z EH$ OdirH$ {Z_m©U hmoVo. Amë`mZ§Va hmVnm` YwD$Z lr~m~m§Mo Xe©Z KoD$Z Am{U Ë`mZ§Va lr_hmamOm§H$S>o OmD$Z Ë`m§Zm Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z AmnU Amë`mMr dXu XoD$Z _JM Vmo ^º$JU Amnë`m CVaÊ`mÀ`m OmJr OmV Ago. Ë`m Ñï>rZohr hr nÕVr gmoB©ñH$a hmoVr. nmhþÊ`m§Zm Am§KmoirMo Ja_ nmUr Vnoë`mVyZ CngyZ ÝhmUrKamV ZoD$Z XoÊ`mgmR>r XmoZ JS>r Zo_coco AgV. AJXr gwédmVrcm Va JmÚm, Cem, cmoS> Aerhr gmJ«g§JrV gmo` Ho$cocr Ago. ~S>XmñVrgmR>r JS>r_mUgo AgV. pñÌ`m§gmR>r doJù`m {d^mJmV _mocH$aUr _XVrgmR>r g‚m AgV. {edm` gd©Ì Xj ñd`§godH$ Ë`m§Zm Zo_yZ {Xcocr O~m~Xmar nma nmS>rV AgV. `m gd© ì`dñWoH$S>o, lr_hmamO CËgd qH$dm `kmMr JS>~S> Mmcy Agcr Varhr, AYyZ_YyZ \o$ar _mê$Z cj R>odrV. `m Aem \o$arÀ`m doir H$moR>o H$mhr CUrd e¡{Wë` AmT>ië`mg qH$dm H$mhr ~Xc Amdí`H$ dmQ>ë`mg lr_hmamO ^am^a Amdí`H$ Ë`m gyMZm XoV AgV. gd© H$mhr gwairV Mmcy Amho `mMr ImÌr H$ê$Z KoV. OmVmOmVm, H$moUr EImXm ^º$JU AmOmar nS>cm Agoc Va Ë`mÀ`m Am¡fYnmÊ`mMr, nÏ`nmÊ`mMr Mm¡H$er H$ê$Z Ë`mÀ`m ewlyfoMr ZrQ> ì`dñWm Pmcr Amho `mMr ImÌr H$ê$Z KoV. chmZ _wcm§Zm XyY, _D$ ^mV `mMr gmo` àoËZo§drU H$m`© Omb|.. / 155

ZrQ>nUo hmoV Amho `mMr ImÌr H$arV. d¥Õ, nÏ`H$ar `m§Zm H$mhr AS>MU Zmhr Zm ho nmhmV. amÌr ~mam dmOë`mZ§Va Va h_Img gd©Ì \o$ar _mê$Z gdmªZm A§Wê$Unm§Kê$U {_imco Amho, W§S>rV H$moUr Hw$S>Hw$S>V Pmoncocm Zmhr ho nmhÿZM _J A§WéUmda ñdV: nmR> Q>oH$sV AgV. CËgdmÀ`m H$mcmdYrV gdmªZm Amnë`m AmXam{VÏ`mZo g§Vwï> H$aUmao lr_hmamO ^º$m§Zm {Zamon XoVmZm, Q>m°doëg, eQ>©-n±Q>Mo H$mnS> qH$dm YmoVa, emcr, pñÌ`m§Zm gmS>çm Aem Jmoï>r àgmX åhUyZ XoD$ZM Ë`m§Mr ~moidU H$arV. ~«÷d¥§Xmbm nir-^m§S>r, cmoH$arMr AmgZo, aoe_r H$X, Ja_ emcr Aem dñVy AmdOy©Z XoV AgV. _w§~B©hÿZ ~arM ^º$_§S>ir CËgdmcm `m`Mr. _w§~B©-nwUo àdmgmV OmVm`oVm hr _§S>ir cmoUmdù`mcm AmdS>rZo ~Q>mQ>m dS>m ImVmV Ago Ooìhm lr_hmamOm§Zm g_Oco, VoìhmnmgyZ CËgd g§në`mda naVÊ`mÀ`m {Xder XwnmaÀ`m ^moOZmV ~Q>mQ>odS>o H$aÊ`mMr nÕV lr_hmamOm§Zr gwê$ Ho$cr. lr_hmamO Ë`m {Xder AmJ«h H$aH$ê$Z gdmªZm ~Q>mQ>odS>o ImD$ Kmcm`Mo. CËgdmÀ`m H$mcmdYrV lr_hmamO {dcjU H$m`©ì`J« Agm`Mo. gd© Ym{_©H$ {dYrV `O_mZnXr Ë`m§Zm ~gmdo cmJo. Amcoë`m àË`oH$ _mUgmcm Vo ñdV: ^oQ>V AgV. CËgdmVrc chmZ _moR>r H$moUVrhr Jmoï> Ë`m§À`m nadmZJr{edm` Ho$cr OmV Zgo. gd© Jmoï>tMm Ahdmc Ë`m§À`mOdiM {Xcm OmB©. gd© {ZU©` Ë`m§ZmM ¿`m`Mo AgV. gd©H$mhr Zoh_rM ì`dpñWVnUo hmoVo Ago Zmhr. H$mhr doim AZno{jVnUo AS>MUrMo àg§J `oVmV, Ë`mVyZ _mJ© H$mT>m`Mm AgVmo. doioÀ`m ~m~VrV lr_hmamO A{Ve` AmJ«hr AgV. R>aë`m doir R>aë`mà_mUo gd© H$m`©H«$_ nma nS>co nm{hOoV `m{df`r Vo Xj AgV. EH$Xm Jwénm¡{U©_oÀ`m {Xder, lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV doXemñÌg§nÞ nmR>H$emñÌr `m§Mo àdMZ gH$mir AmR> dmOVm R>aco hmoVo. {Z`mo{OV doir nmR>H$emñÌr _§{XamV Amcoco ZìhVo. lr_hmamOm§Zm ho g_OVmM, Vo gmodio Zogcoco hmoVo, VgoM _§S>nmV Amco Am{U Ë`m§Zr ñdV: àdMZmcm àma§^ Ho$cm. Vmg^a àdMZ Ho$co Am{U Z§Va Amnë`m H$m_mcm CRy>Z Joco. WmoS>o C{eamZo _§S>nmV nmohmoMcoco emñÌr~wdm lr_hmamOm§Mr dmH²$J§Jm EoHy$Z V¥á Pmco; lmoVohr YÝ` Pmco. `m àg§JmZo doioMo _hÎdhr Ë`m àdMZmBVHo$M qH$~hþZm Ë`m àdMZmhÿZhr A{YH$ à^mdrnUo gdmªÀ`m _Zmda R>gco. `m Aem Jmoï>t_wio lr_hmamOm§Zm CËgd H$mimV {XdgmMo Mmodrg Vmghr Anwao dmQ>m`Mo. na§Vw Varhr lr_hmamO Amcoë`m àË`oH$mcm jU^a H$m hmoB©Zm AË`§V ào_mZo ^oQ>m`Mo. H$moUmH$S>o ñZoherc H$Q>mj, H$moUmÀ`m nmR>rda __Vmiy hmV, H$moUmH$S>o amoIyZ nmhÿZ Ho$coco _yH$ Varhr ^anya ~mocUmao pñ_V hmñ`, H$moUmOdi Ho$cocr KaÀ`m§Mr OwO~r Mm¡H$er, H$moUmÀ`m Vã`oVrMr {dMmanyg, H$moUm~amo~a àX{jUoÀ`m doir ZmMVmZm Q>mH$cocr Mma nmdc§, H$moUmÀ`m Mm§Jë`m H$m_{JarMo H$m¡VwH$, EImÚm chmZ _wcmer Ho$cocm c{S>dmi g§dmX, EImÚm ñÌrMr _mhoadmerU g_OyZ Hoo$cocr Mm¡H$er, `m Aem ghOnUo Ho$coë`m chmZchmZ Jmoï>t_wio Ë`m àË`oH$mcm "lr_hmamO _cm ^oQ>co' Aer gwIX 156 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

OmUrd ìhm`Mr Am{U Ë`mMo `m ñWmZmer ZmVo AmUIr KÅ> ìhm`Mo. ""gX²>Jwê§$À`m Ho$di Xe©ZmZo, ñnem©Zo, g§^mfUmZo, Ë`m§À`m H¥$nmH$Q>mjmZoXoIrc AkmZ {ZÐoVyZ AmË_kmZê$nr OmJ¥Vr hmoVo,'' Aem AWm©Mm EH$ g§ñH¥$V ícmoH$ Amho. lr_hmamOm§À`m Aem ghdmgm_wio ^º$JU _Zmo_Zr _mohê$Z OmV. Vmo jU Ë`m§À`m OrdZmda H$m`_ EH$ Agr_ AmZ§XmMr _moha CR>dyZM OmB©. Ë`m§Zm Amnco Am`wî` YÝ` Pmë`mgmaIo dmQ>o. ^º$m§Zm Aer AZw^yVr {_iV Ago Vr lr_hmamOm§Zm ^º$m§{df`r dmQ>Umè`m Ana§nma ào_mVyZ ! Ho$di H$moaSçm H$V©ì`~wÕrVyZ qH$dm OZg§nH$m©À`m nwñVH$s Iwã`m dmMyZ Ago dmJVm `oV Zmhr. Ë`mgmR>r AmH$memhÿZ {demc öX` cmJVo Am{U _mVoMo H$mirO cmJVo, öX`mV gágmJam§gmaIr Imoc H$ê$Um cmJVo. ho gmao lr_hmamOm§Zm cm^co hmoVo Ë`m§À`m gX²Jwê§$À`m H¥$nmerdm©XmZo Am{U åhUyZM OÝ_^a Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m ^º$m§Zm Amnë`m ào_mZo ÝhmD$ KmVco. ^º$JUm§da lr_hmamOm§Zr Ogo ^a^ê$Z ào_ Ho$co, Ë`mMà_mUo Ë`m§Zr {eñVrMr {eH$dUhr gdmªZm {Xcr. Ogo ào_ Anma Vgm {eñVrMm AmJ«hhr. Amnë`m Ym{_©H$ ñWmZm§_YyZ {eñVrÀ`m nmcZm{df`r H$moUr \$magm AmJ«hr ZgVmo. na§Vw lr~m~m§Mo _§{Xa VgoM S>oadUMo lr grVmam_~wdm§Mo _§{Xa hr XmoÝhr ñWmZo lr_hmamOm§Zr Am`wî`mMo _moc XoD$Z {Z_m©U Ho$cr, Ë`m§Mm nm`m Ë`m§Zr H$R>moa {eñVrZo KmVcm Amho. _§{XamV ^º$JUm§Zr H$moUVr {eñV nmim`Mr `mMo _mJ©Xe©Z H$aUmè`m gyMZm {d{dY \$cH$m§da R>iH$ AjamV _moŠ`mÀ`m OmJr cmdcoë`m hmoË`m. Á`m {Xder lr~m~m§À`m ñWmZmMo crO hmoëS>a åhUyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr O~m~Xmar CMccr, Ë`m {X. 18.08.1956 `m {Xder EH§$Xa 15 {d{dY gyMZm H$aUmam \$cH$ g_m{Y_§{XamV cmdÊ`mV Amcm. Ë`mVrc gd©M gyMZm _§{XamMo nm{dÍ` Am{U _mhmËå` amIÊ`mgmR>r AË`§V Amdí`H$ AmhoV. Ë`m AË`§V AZmc§H¥$V, amoIR>moH$ ^mfoV {c{hcoë`m AmhoV. `mnwT>o `m ñWmZmV H$em àH$maÀ`m AmMaUmMr, {eñVrMr Anojm Amho `mMr H$ënZm Ë`m gyMZm§_YyZ ñnï>nUo `oVo. `m \$cH$m~amo~aM Ë`mM {Xder, CËgdmgmR>r Amcoë`m _§S>itgmR>r 11 _mJ©Xe©H$ {Z`_ Agcocm \$cH$hr cmdÊ`mV Amcm. Vmohr AgmM gS>oVmoS> eãXmV {c{hcocm Amho. `m XmoZ _w»` \$cH$m§IoarO AÝ` AZoH$ gyMZm \$cH$ doJdoJù`m {R>H$mUr cmdcoco hmoVo Am{U Ë`m gd© {Z`_-gyMZm§Mr A§_c~OmdUr {dZm-AndmX Ho$cr OmV Ago. {X. 28.10.1973 amoOr lr~m~m§Mo Om_mV lr.ZriH§$R>amd Iao `m§Zm {c{hcoë`m nÌmV lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m dfuÀ`m O`§Vr CËgdmÀ`m V`mar g§~§YmZo H$mhr Jmoï>r H$i{dë`m AmhoV. chmZ _wcm§Zm AmÜ`mpË_H$ H$m`©H«$_mV éMr ZgVo, Ë`m§Mo d` IoiÊ`m-~mJS>Ê`mMo AgVo. Ë`m_wio O`§Vr CËgdmÀ`m doir ghm dfmªImcrc chmZ _wcm§Zm AmUy Z`o Aem gyMZm gd© ^º$m§Zm {Xcoë`m hmoË`m. Ë`mg§X^m©V lr_hmamO {c{hVmV, ""H$moUË`mhr H$maUmñVd _cm AJa _§S>imcm `m {Z`_m§Mm ^§J H$aVmZm H$moUr AmT>icm Va _cm `m doir _mPo MwcVo, _m_m, ~{hUr, ^mD$, _mdí`m `mn¡H$s _mPo H$moUrhr ZmVodmB©H$ AgVrc àoËZo§drU H$m`© Omb|.. / 157

Va Ë`m§Zm CËgdmMo Mma {XdgmV _r ltMo ñWmZmV `oD$ XoUma Zmhr d Ë`m§Zm nañna XadmÁ`mVyZ naV Omdo cmJoc.'' EH$Xm lr_hmamOm§Mo {ZH$Q>Mo ZmVodmB©H$ chmZ _wcmcm KoD$Z CËgdmcm Amco hmoVo. Xmamdarc ñd`§godH$ gme§H$ _ZmZo lr_hmamOm§Zm ho gm§Jm`cm Jocm. na§Vw Ë`m§Zr {Z`_mZwgma, Ë`m ZmVodmBH$m§Zm XmamVyZM naV nmR>{dco. lr_hmamO {Z`_ nmcZmg§~§Yr H$R>moa Agë`m_wioM H$moUrhr {Z`_^§J H$aÊ`mMr qh_V H$arV Zgo. Ë`m_wio AmnmoAmnM gd© H$m`©H«$_ gwairV, ì`dpñWV, doio~ahþHy$_ nma nS>V. na§Vw {eñV A§_cmV AmUÊ`mgmR>r AÝ` H$moUË`mhr A{YH$mamMm Cn`moJ hmoV Zmhr; \$º$ Z¡{VH$ A{YH$ma A§Jr AgUmar ì`º$sM Xwgè`m§Zm Ho$di AmXoe XoD$Z {eñV cmdy eH$Vo Am{U hm A{YH$ma Ho$di ñdV: {eñVrMo H$mQ>oH$moa nmcZ H$ê$ZM AmnmoAmn {_iV AgVmo. lr_hmamO gX¡d {Z`_m§Mo nyU©V: nmcZ H$aUmao hmoVo, _J Vo {Z`_-gaH$mar H$m`Xo AgmoV, H$s Ym{_©H$ AmMma-{dMma AgmoV, gm_m{OH$ gä`VoMo {Z`_ AgmoV qH$dm EImÚm g§ñWoÀ`m-ñWmZmÀ`m ì`dñWoÀ`m Ñï>rZo Ho$coco {Z`_ AgmoV. {ejoÀ`m YmH$mZo Zìho Va gXgX²{ddoH$ ~wÕrÀ`m YmH$mZo {Z`_ nmim`Mo AgVmV hr _hmamOm§Mr {eH$dU AZoH$ àg§JmVyZ {XgyZ `oVo. hr {eñV Oer d¡`{º$H$ dmJÊ`mÀ`m ~m~VrV Ano{jV hmoVr Ë`mMà_mUo H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m Am`moOZmVhr Vr J¥hrV Yacocr Ago. {Z_§ÌU n{ÌHo$V Amdí`H$ Ë`m gyMZm ñnï>nUo {Xcoë`m AgVM; Ë`mM~amo~a {Z_§{ÌVmZo H$moUË`m {Xder {H$Vr _mUgm§gh `oUo Ano{jV Amho ho Z_yX Ho$coco Agm`Mo. lr_hmamOm§À`m _werV V`ma Pmcoco ^º$JU lr_hmamOm§Mr BÀN>m {eagmd§Ú _mZyZ Ë`mà_mUo hOoar cmdm`Mo. Ë`m_wio gmh{OH$M, CËgdmMo gd© {Xdg CnpñWVr gmaIr {d^mJcr OmD$Z ì`dñWoda VmU nS>V Zgo. ñZmZ, Mhm, Ý`mhmar, `mgmR>r gd© {R>H$mUr am§Jm cmdyZ H«$_mZo Joë`m_wio H$moR>ohr JS>~S>, Jm|Yi hmoV Zgo. H$sV©Z-àdMZ-Zm_ñ_aU Aem àg§Jr gd© OU Cä`m AmS>ì`m aofoV ì`dpñWVnUo ~gÊ`mMr nÕV nmS>ë`m_wio lmoV¥dJm©Mo EH§$Xa Ñî` _Zmohmar {Xgo. EdT>oM Zìho, Va ~w¸$m cmdÊ`mgmR>r, AmaVrMo V~H$ {\$a{dÊ`mgmR>r ñd`§godH$ JXr©VyZ ghOnUo {\$ê$ eHo$. ~«÷d¥§XmMr nmam`Umcm, AmdV©Zm§Zm ~gÊ`mMr ì`dñWm AJXr O{_Zrda MwÝ`mZo aoKm AmIyZ Ho$cocr Ago. ^moOZmÀ`m n§JVrhr Aem aoKm AmIyZ gai aofoV KoVcoë`m AgV. H$m`©H«$_ g§në`mda VrW©-àgmXhr AgmM am§JoV Cä`m Agcoë`m ^º$m§Zm dmQ>Ê`mV `oV Ago. g_m{Y_§{XamV _{hcm§gmR>r XmoZ gyMZm {c{hcoë`m AmhoV, ""`oWo `oUmè`m _m`^{JZtZr _hmamï´>r` nohoamdmVM `mdo. eQ>©, n±Q>, n§Om~r AJa VËg_ nohoamdmV `oÊ`mg _ZmB© Amho Am{U `m ñWmZmV Xe©Zmg `oUmè`m _m`^{JZtZr emcrZVoZo dmJmdo d Amnco eara ì`dpñWV[aVrZo AmÀN>m{XV R>odmdo.'' nwéfm§H$[aVm ñnï> Aem gyMZm {c{hcoë`m Zgë`m Var Ë`m§Mmhr nmofmI gw`mo½` Agmdm Aer Anojm AgVo. AmnU _§{XamV OmV AmhmoV, VoWrc dmVmdaUmer g§JVr amIUmam, gXm{^é{MnyU© nmofmI 158 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Agmdm hr \$ma _m\$H$ Anojm Ago. Xe©Zmcm `oUmè`m AR>amnJS> cmoH$m§H$Sy>Z `mnojm A{YH$ H$mhr Anojm H$aUo ì`W© AgVo. na§Vw _§{XamV {Z`{_VnUo `oD$Z VoWrc H$m`©H«$_mV g{H«$` gh^mJ KoUmè`m, H$m_mMm Aënñdën dmQ>m CMcUmè`m ñd`§godH$m§Zm, ór-nwéfm§Zm lr_hmamOm§Zr "ñWmZmMm JUdof' {Xcm. {ó`m§Zm nydu AJXr n§JVrV dmT>Ê`mÀ`m H$m_mVhr gh^mJr hmoVm `oV Ago. na§Vw nwT>o CËgdmÀ`m ñdê$nmV dmT> Pmë`mda nwéf ñd`§godH$m§Zr H$m_mMm ~amMgm ^mJ CMccm. {ó`m§gmR>r Xodmcm AmodmiUo, \$io H$mnyZ R>odUo, {dS>o V`ma H$aUo, _Q>ma gmocUo, Am§ã`mMm ag H$mT>Uo, am§Jmoù`m KmcUo Aer H$m_o XoÊ`mV Amcr. _mÌ hr gd© H$m_o H$amd`mMr AgVrc Va Ë`m ñd`§go{dHo$Zo ZD$dmar gmS>rM ZogÊ`mMr nyd©AQ> Ago. Ë`mMà_mUo nwéf ñd`§godH$m§Zr YmoVa-gXam Aem dofmV ñWmZmV dmdamdo, Mhm-Ý`mhmar, ^moOZ dmT>VmZm Ë`m§Zr gXam-J§Or\«$m°H$ H$mTy>ZM dmT>Ê`mMo H$m_ H$amdo Aer {eñV lr_hmamOm§Zr KmcyZ {Xcr hmoVr. Ë`m~m~V lr_hmamOm§Mr ^y{_H$m ñnï> hmoVr. àmW©ZmñWir OmVmZm AÝ` Y_u` cmoH$hr Ago nmofmIm~m~VMo Ë`m§Mo Ë`m§Mo g§Ho$V, {Z`_ nmiVmV. AZoH$ {R>H$mUr JUdof gº$sMm AgVmo. emim§_Ü`o AmnU JUdof dmnaVmo. H$m°Ýìh|Q> emioV qhXy _wctZm H$nmimda Hw§$Hy$ cmdy XoV ZmhrV, Vo AmnU {dZmVH«$ma _mÝ` H$aVmo. nmümË` XoemV AJXr ^moOZ g_ma§^mgmR>rhr nmofmIm{df`r {Z{üV g§Ho$V AgVmV. {Z_§ÌU n{ÌHo$Vhr Vgm C„oI Ho$cocm AgVmo. Amnë`m XoemVhr H$mhr _moR>çm hm°Q>oëg_Ü`o {d{eï>> nmofmImV Z Joë`mg XmamVyZM naVdyZ cmdco OmVo. _mÌ Am_À`m _§{XamV nmofmImMo {Z`_ Ho$ë`mg ZmamOrMm gya H$emgmR>r ? Agm lr_hmamOm§Mm àý Ago. lr_hmamOm§Zr Ho$coë`m à~moYZm_wio, AmO nwUo-S>oadU `oWo hmoUmao gd© H$m`©H«$_ nmhmVmZm ew^« YmoVa, gXam, Q>monr KmVcoco ^º$JU Am{U gmS>çm Zogcoë`m {ó`m `m_wio H$m`©H«$_mMr emo^m Ana§nma dmT>Vo, dmVmdaUmV CËgmh ^aVmo Am{U H$m`©H«$_mcm EH$ doJir emZ àmá hmoVo. "órËd' hm lr_hmamOm§Mm AË`§V AmXamMm {df` hmoVm. g_mOmV órMo ñWmZ AmXamMo Agmdo. KamV Vr J¥hñdm{_Zr Agmdr. H$moR>ohr órMr AdhocZm, _mZI§S>Zm hmoD$ Z`o. ór hr g_mOmMr {Z`§ÌH$ eº$s ìhmdr. {edam`m§gmaIr ZaaËZo {ó`mM g_mOmcm XoD$ eH$VmV. órZo Amnë`m _wcmcm "gwnwÌ' Ho$cm Va amï´>mcm gw~wÕ Am{U O~m~Xma ZmJ[aH$ {_iyZ amï´>moÕma hmoVmo, åhUyZ {ó`m§da g_mOmÀ`m CËWmZmMr O~m~Xmar Amho. nm{dÍ` Am{U nm{Vd«Ë` hr órMr ~cñWmZo AmhoV VrM órMo ajU H$ê$ eH$VmV, Ago lr_hmamO Zoh_r gm§JV AgV. {ó`m§Zr ZmoH$ar H$aÊ`mMo ~m~VrV lr_hmamO \$mago AZwHy$c ZìhVo. nwéfm§Zr gÝ_mJm©Zo Hw$Qw>§~mgmR>r H$_dmdo Am{U {ó`m§Zr Hw$Qw>§~mÀ`m CËnÞmÀ`m n[aKmV ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$nUo g§gma H$ê$Z g_mYmZmZo amhmdo Aer Ë`m§Mr Anojm Ago. {ó`m§Zr Amnë`m gXmMaUmZo Am{U Z¡{VH$ gm_Ï`m©À`m Omoamda nwéfm§Zm àoËZo§drU H$m`© Omb|.. / 159

{Z`§ÌUmV R>odmdo åhUOo g_mOmMm Aä`wX` hmoB©c Ago lr_hmamOm§Mo gm§JUo hmoVo. nwT>rc {nT>çm§À`m OS>UKS>UrMo H$m_ {ó`m A{YH$ O~m~XmarZo H$ê$ eH$VmV Am{U Vo Ë`m§Zr H$amdo Aer _hmamO {ó`m§Zm H$iH$irMr {dZ§Vr H$arV. CËgdmÀ`m JXuV {ó`m§Mm _mZ amIcm Omdm, Ë`m§Zm H$moUrhr A{à` dmJUyH$ XoD$ Z`o `m Ñï>rZo lr_hmamOm§Zr XjVoZo AZoH$ Jmoï>r Ho$ë`m hmoË`m. CËgdmÀ`m doir ñÌr-nwéfm§Mr {Zdmg ì`dñWm, ~¡R>H$ ì`dñWm doJdoJir Ago. _§{XamÀ`m AmdmamV ñÌr-nwéfm§Zr EH$Ì CR>Ê`m-~gÊ`mMr, JßnmJmoï>r H$aÊ`mMr nÕV Zmhr. Ë`mMà_mUo {ó`m§À`m H$m`©H«$_mV nwéfm§Zr qH$dm nwéfm§À`m H$m`©H«$_mV {ó`m§Zr gh^mJ KoÊ`mg nadmZJr Zgo. ^moOZmÀ`m doir {ó`m§À`m n§JVr AmYr Am{U Ë`mZ§Va nwéfm§Mm H«$_ Ago. nmcIr àX{jUoÀ`m doir {ó`m§Mm g_yh nmcIrÀ`m _mJo amhÿZ àX{jUm nyU© H$arV Ago. ñWmZmÀ`m Amdmam~mhoê$Z àX{jUoÀ`m doir qH$dm {edO`§VrÀ`m {_adUwH$sÀ`m doirhr {ó`m§Mr doJir gwajm ì`dñWm Ago. amÌrÀ`m H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m doir drO nwadR>çmda Adc§~yZ Z amhmVm, J°g~Î`m§Mr ì`dñWm Ago, Vrhr _w»`Ëdo {ó`m§Mr gwa{jVVm cjmV KoD$ZM Ho$cocr Ago. _§{XamVrc nyOm-AMm©, A{^foH$ gmodù`mZo Ho$co OmV AgV. ñd`§nmH$ gmodù`mZo Ho$cm OmV Ago. ñd`§nmH$J¥hmV Amodù`mZo OmÊ`mg gº$ _ZmB© Ago. qH$~hþZm ñd`§nmH$J¥hmV R>amdrH$M ì`º$s¨Zm Am{U Vmohr gmodù`mZoM àdoe Ago. Vem Ame`mMr ñnï> gyMZm XmamVM cmdcocr Ago. Z¡doÚ gmodù`mZoM XmI{dco OmV AgV. lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamVrb Jm^mè`mV \$º$ gmodù`mZoM àdoe {Xcm OmV Ago. hiX Hw§$Hy$, AjVm, ZmaimMo nmUr ltÀ`m _yVuda AJa à{V_oda CS>{dÊ`mg _ZmB© Ago. Oo H$mhr dhmd`mMo Agoc Vo gmodù`mVrc nwOmè`mH$Sy>Z An©U H$am`Mo. _§{XamV CËgdmÀ`m doir qH$dm AÝ` doirhr naJmdhÿZ H$moUmcm `md`mMo Agoc Va nÌmZo qH$dm \$moZdê$Z nyd©gyMZm XoUo Amdí`H$ hmoVo (nÌ H«$. 16, n[a{eï> H«$. 4). `m_Ü`o XmoZ _hÎdmÀ`m Jmoï>r hmoË`m. lr_hmamO nwUo, S>oadU, _w§~B© Aem VrZhr {R>H$mUr AYyZ_YyZ OmV `oV AgV. Xwê$Z Amncm doi Am{U n¡gm IM© H$ê$Z `oUmè`m _mUgmcm Oa ^oQ> {_imcr Zmhr Va Ë`mcmhr dmB©Q> dmQ>o Am{U lr_hmamOm§Zmhr Vo àeñV dmQ>V Zgo. Ë`m_wio ^oQ> eŠ` Zgë`mg lr_hmamO Ë`m ^º$mcm Vm~S>Vmo~ Vgo H$idrV AgV. Ë`mMà_mUo `oUmè`m _mUgm§Mr gyMZm AmYr {_imcr Agoc Va Ë`m§Mr ì`dñWm ZrQ> R>odVm `oB©. AMmZH$ Amcoë`m nmhþÊ`m§_wio _§{XamVrc ì`dñWm {~KSy> eH$Vo. ho Q>miÊ`mgmR>r Am{U ^º$JUm§_Ü`o {eñV Am{U O~m~XmarMo ^mZ `oÊ`mgmR>r hm nm`§S>m lr_hmamOm§Zr OmUrdnyd©H$ nmS>cm hmoVm. _§{XamV _w¸$m_mcm Amcoë`m _mUgmZo ~mhoa OmVmZm lr_hmamOm§Zr nadmZJr KoD$ZM ~mhoa Om`Mo Ago. Iao Va ""CËgdmcm Amcoë`m _mUgm§Zr JmdmV OmD$Z ^Q>H§$Vr H$ê$ Z`o AJa AÝ` `mÌog OmD$ Z`o. Mma {Xdg `oWoM amhmdo,'' Agm ñnï> {Z`_M \$cH$mda {c{hcocm Amho. "Jwé^º$s' hm nyU© doioMm ì`dgm` Agmdm. ""nwÊ`mcm CËgdmcm OmV AmhmoV Va nd©Vr, Vwier~mJ 160 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

nU nmhÿZM KoD$ qH$dm ~aoM {XdgmV Z ^oQ>coë`m ZmVodmBH$m§Zmhr ^oQy>Z `oD$'' Agm "gyk' {dMma H$aUo lr_hmamOm§À`m Jwé^º$sV ~gV ZìhVo. CËgdmgmR>r AmcmM AmhmV Va Mma {Xdg ~mø àcmo^Zm§nmgyZ _wº$ amhÿZ Amnë`m A§V:H$aUmV S>moH$mdyZ nmhm, qMVZ H$am, Zm_ñ_aU, CnmgZm H$am. Mma {Xdg àmn§{MH$ OJmVyZ A{cá amhm Ago lr_hmamOm§Mo gm§JUo Ago. _§{XamV H$moU Amcm, H$moU Jocm BH$S>o lr_hmamOm§Mo cj Ago. Ë`mMà_mUo _§{XamV `oUmè`m àË`oH$ dñVyH$S>o Ë`m§Mo cj Agm`Mo. hma, àgmX, Zmai `m ì`{V[aº$ H$moUVrhr dñVy _§{XamV lr_hmamOm§À`m nadmZJr{edm` AmUVm `oV Zgo. Ë`mMm ñdrH$ma lr_hmamO H$arV ZgV. Ë`mMà_mUo AmUcocr àË`oH$ dñVy, AJXr XaamoOMr dV©_mZnÌogwÕm àW_ lr~m~m§À`m nwT>o R>odÊ`mV `oV AgV. lr~m~m§Zr nm{hë`mda _J BVam§Zr Vr nmhm`Mr. gd©H$mhr ~m~m§Mo Amho hr Ë`m_mJrc ^mdZm. _§{XamVrc H$moUVrhr dñVy H$moUmcm Úm`Mr Agoc Va Vr Ë`m§À`m AZw_VrZo qH$~hþZm Ë`m§À`mM hñVo {Xcr Om`Mr. hm {Z`_ AJXr V§VmoV§V nmicm Om`Mm. _§{XamVrc H$ma^mamMo EH$gyÌr {Z`§ÌU H$aÊ`mgmR>r hm {Z`_ AË`§V Amdí`H$ Am{U MmVw`m©Mm Amho. _§{XamVrc _w¸$m_ g§ndyZ {ZKVmZm ^º$JUm§Zm àgmX XoÊ`mV `oB© Am{U Vmo lr_hmamO ñdV: XoV AgV. àgmX, A§Jmam, gw§R>dS>m `m§À`mgmo~V e|JXmUo hmVmda {_imco `mMm AW© _w¸$m_ hc{dÊ`mMr Amkm {_imcr. hm àgmX {_imë`m{edm` H$moUrhr _§{XamVyZ ~mhoa nS>V Zgo. `m_wio OmUmè`m àË`oH$mcm OmVmZm lr_hmamOm§Mm ào_i {Zamon {_iV Ago. Aem `m gd© àWm na§nam§À`m gmhmæ`mZo lr_hmamOm§Zr lr~m~m§À`m ^º$JUm§_Ü`o EH$ doJir g§ñH¥$Vr, EH$ doJim godmY_©, EH$ g_n©Ud¥Îmr `m§Mo ~rOmamonU Ho$co, Ë`mgmR>r O{_ZrÀ`m _emJVrnmgyZ H$ï> Cngco Am{U åhUyZM AmO lr~m~m§Mo ho eoV CÎm_ ~hamg Amco Amho. D D D

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AVrd gwX§ a S>ao dU J«m_ & VoWrc {XZH«$_ d{U©Vgo && {X. 18 OmZodmar 1969 amoOr lr grVmam_~wdm§Zr Xoh R>odbm Am{U VoìhmnmgyZ S>oadU `oWrc H$m`m©Mr Ywam gd©ñdr lr_hmamOm§Zr CMccr. lrg§V grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a M°[aQ>o~c Q´>ñQ>Mr ñWmnZm lr_hmamOm§Zr lrgrVmam_~wdm§Mo A§Ë`g§ñH$ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m {Xder O_coë`m ^º$JUm§À`m gmjrZo Ho$cr hmoVr. Vmo Q´>ñQ> {X. 17 Owc¡ 1969 amoOr Zm|X{dÊ`mV Amcm. `m Q´>ñQ>Mr H$m`©H$jm nwÊ`mVrc ñWmZmV Ho$ë`m OmUmè`m H$m`m©nojm WmoS>r doJù`m ñdê$nmMr hmoVr Am{U A{YH$ ì`mnH$ hmoVr. nwÊ`mVrc H$m`m©Mo ñdê$n Ym{_©H$ Am{U AmÜ`mpË_H$ H$m`©H«$_m§Zm àmYmÝ` XoUmao Amho, Va S>oadU `oWrc H$m`©H$joV {ejU, Amamo½`, eoVrgwYmaUm AmXr Jmoï>tÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo gd© g_mOmMm Am{W©H$ ñVa C§MmdUo, amï´>mÀ`m XoXrß`_mZ B{VhmgmMr ñ_¥Vr OmJdyZ g_mOmV M¡VÝ` {Z_m©U H$aUo Am{U g_mOmÀ`m ^m¡{VH$ àJVrg MmcZm XoVmZmM, Ë`mÀ`m Ym{_©H$ Am{U AmÜ`mpË_H$ Om{Udm§Zm AmH$ma XoD$Z AmXe© g_mO {Z_m©U H$aUo, `m Jmoï>tda ^a XoÊ`mV Amcm Amho. Ë`m Ñï>rZo lr_hmamOm§Zr 1969 gmcmnmgyZ S>oadU `oWrc ñWmZmMr C^maUr H$er Ho$cr Vmo B{Vhmg g_OyZ KoUo AË`§V _hÎdmMo Amho. lr_hmamOm§À`m S>oadU `oWrc dmñVì`mVrc Ë`m§Mm {XZH«$_ AJXr ^aJÀM Ago. nhmQ>o 3-4 dmOVm CRy>Z lr_hmamO nÌì`dhma nmhmV AgV. Amcoë`m àË`oH$ nÌmcm CÎma nmR>dyZ Ë`mMr Zm|X _yi nÌmda Ho$cocr Ago. EImÚm nÌmcm CÎma nmR>dUo Amdí`H$ Zgoc Va Vgo Ë`m nÌmda Zm|X{dcoco Ago. {edm` nwUo Am{U S>oadU `m XmoÝhr ñWmZmVrc H$ma^ma MmcdVmZm Amnë`m gyMZm qH$dm `moOZm g§~§{YV _mUgm§Zm H$i{dUo, Ë`mÀ`m H$m`©dmhrg§~§Yr nmR>nwamdm H$aUo, Ë`m§À`m AS>MUtÀ`m g§X^m©V _mJ©Xe©Z H$aUo, `mgmR>r _hmamOm§Zm hOmamo nÌo {chmdr cmJV, H$maU Ë`m doir g§nH$m©gmR>r XyaÜdZrMm dmna AmOÀ`m EdT>m ghOgmÜ` ZìhVm. Amnë`m Ag§»` ^º$JUm§H$Sy>Z Amcocr nÌo dmMyZ lr_hmamO Ë`m§Zm nÌmÛmao AZoH$ ~m~rV _mJ©Xe©Z H$arV. `m nÌm§_Ü`o ^º$JUm§À`m àmn§{MH$ AS>MUr AgV, AmÜ`mpË_H$ _mJ©Xe©ZmgmR>r qH$dm e§H$m{ZagZmgmR>r {dMmacoco àý AgV, VgoM Amnco _Z _moH$io H$aÊ`mgmR>r AZoH$ OU Amnmncr d¡`{º$H$ Xw:Io lr_hmamOm§nwT>o nÌmVyZ _m§S>V. `m gdmªZm CÎmao XoVmZm lr_hmamO Ë`m§À`m nÌm§Mr AmñWodmBH$nUo XIc KoD$Z Ë`m§Zm Iwcmgodma CÎmao {chrV. lr_hmamOm§Mr {cImUmMr e¡cr gmYr, gmonr, gai Am{U gwñnï> hmoVr. nÌmVrc _wÔo H«$_dma _m§Sy>Z Ë`m§Zm H«$_m§H$ XoÊ`mMr Ë`m§Mr nÕV hmoVr. gyMZm ñnï> Am{U {Z:g§{X½Y eãXm§V AgV, OoUoH$ê$Z 162 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

A§_c~OmdUr H$aUmè`m _mUgmÀ`m _ZmV H$moUË`mhr àH$maMm g§Xoh {Z_m©U hmoD$ Z`o. nÌmVrc `w{º$dmX H$gcoë`m d{H$cmcm cmOdrc EdT>m {~ZVmoS> Ago. Amnë`m ^º$JUm§Zm AmÜ`mpË_H$ _mJ©Xe©Z H$aUmar Ë`m§Mr nÌo CnXoena ñda{MV qH$dm g§Vm§À`m H$mì`mZo ZQ>cocr AgV. Aem nÌmVyZ lr_hmamOm§Mm ^º$m§{df`rMm {Oìhmim eãXmeãXmVyZ OmUdVmo. hm nÌì`dhma lr_hmamO ^ë`m nhmQ>o CRy>Z nmhmV AgV, H$maU Ë`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ Vmo {Zdm§VnUm nhmQ>oM {_iy eHo . gH$mir JS>r_mUgo Amcr H$s lr_hmamO gwê$ Agcoë`m {Za{Zamù`m H$m_m§Mm AmT>mdm KoD$Z, nwT>rc H$m_o Ë`m§Zm Zo_yZ XoV AgV. lr_hmamO S>oadU _w¸$m_r Amcoco AmhoV hr dmVm© H$Um}nH$Uu AmOy~mOyÀ`m Jmdm§VyZ ngacocr Ago. _J lr_hmamOm§Zm ào_mZo ^oQ>m`cm `oUmè`m JmdH$è`m§er ~mocyZ lr_hmamO Ë`m§Mo hmchdmc OmUyZ KoV AgV. ZD$À`m gw_mamg Ý`mhmar Pmcr H$s _hmamO \o$a\$Q>H$m _mam`cm ~mhoa nS>V Am{U ñWmZmÀ`m n[agamV Mmccocr doJdoJir H$m_o ñdV: ZOaoImcyZ KmcrV. S>oadU ñWmZmMm n[aga \$maM _moR>m Amho. Vmo g§nyU©nUo {\$ê$Z `m`cm lr_hmamOm§Zm VrZgmS>Vo rZ Vmg cmJV. {ZdmgñWmZmVyZ ~mhoa nS>co H$s _m§S>d, g_m{Y_§{Xa, H$moR>rMr Imobr, CËgdm§gmR>rMo ñd`§nmH$Ka, B_maVr_mJrb PmS>o, H$c_o, gwVmaemim Aem gd© {R>H$mUr \o$ar _mê$Z lr_hmamO ~maH$mB©Zo gd© Jmoï>tMr nmhmUr H$arV. B_maVtÀ`m q^Vrda qH$dm AÝ` H$moR>o ~m§YH$m_mda, {d{harV CJdcoco chmZgo PmS>hr Ë`m§À`m ZOaoVyZ gwQ>V Zgo. {\$aVmZm ñWmZmVrc godH$m§n¡H$s g§~§{YV cmoH$ gmo~V AgV. Ë`m§Zm gm§JyZ Vm~S>Vmo~ Vo PmS> H$mTy>Z, _wimer MwZm ^ê$Z Vo nwÝhm CJdUma Zmhr Agm ~§Xmo~ñV Ho$cm OmB©. H$m_ Mmcy AgVmZm AJa ZgVmZmhr gm_mZ AñVmì`ñV nS>coco Ë`mZm AmdS>V Zgo. cmHy$S>gm_mZ, aoVr, IS>r ho gd© ì`dpñWVarË`m aMyZ, Ë`m§Mo JQ> qH$dm T>rJ H$ê$Z ZrQ>nUo R>odcoco AmhoV `mMr Vo ImÌr H$ê$Z KoV. gwVmaemioV AmR>-Xhm gwVmam§Zm nwaoc EdT>o H$m_ Zoh_r Ago. B_maVtgmR>r Xmao, {IS>Š`m dJ¡ao V`ma H$aUo, nmdgmù`mV eoVrMr AdOmao ~Z{dUo, Ë`m§Mr XwéñVr XoI^mc Aer H$m_o H$aUmao gwVma, ñWmZmV OdiOdi df©^a Jw§VcocoM AgV. B_maVrMo cmHy$S>gm_mZ, ~m§~y, dmgo, g|Q>[a§JÀ`m \$ù`m, Mmì`m H$Yrhr CÝhm-nmdgmV CKS>çmda nSy> Z XoVm Ë`mgmR>r N>ßna H$ê$Z Vo ZrQ>nUo aMyZ R>odcoco Agm`Mo. {g_|Q>, nÌo `m§À`mgmR>r JmoXm_mMr gmo` Ho$cocr hmoVr. gmYZgm_J«rMm Anì`` hmoD$ Z`o, hoigm§S> hmoD$Z Vr {ZH$m_r hmoD$ Z`o `m{df`r lr_hmamO AmJ«hr AgV. dñVy OnyZ Iam~ Z hmoD$ XoVm H$em gmR>dyZ R>odm`À`m `m{df`r lr_hmamO ñWmZmVrc _mUgm§Zm àË`j ^oQ>rÀ`m doir AJa nÌmVyZ dma§dma gyMZm XoV AgV. ZmQ>oH$a, {^S>o, ~mJcH$a, amdVo dJ¡ao ñWmZmVrc ì`dñWm nmhUmè`m godH$m§Zm lr_hmamOm§Zr ì`dñWo{df`r Or Vn{ecdma nÌo {c{hcr AmhoV Vr _wimVyZ dmMÊ`mgmaIr AmhoV. `m gd© nÌm§Mo g§H$cZ Ho$co Va Vmo CËH¥$ï> ì`dhmaH$moe hmoB©c. lr dhmiH$a~wdm§Zr lr_hmamOm§À`m AmÜ`mpË_H$ gmYZo{df`r "ho EH$m OÝ_mMo Zìho Va OÝ_OÝ_m§VarMo g§{MV kmZ Amho' Ago åhQ>co hmoV.o ì`mdhm[aH$ kmZm{df`rgwÕm AgoM AVrd gw§Xa S>oadU J«m_.. / 163

åhUmdo cmJoc EdT>o Vo gd© Acm¡{H$H$ ñdê$nmMo hmoV.o Zmair-nmo\$irMr ~mJ, Ho$ir, AZZg, \w$c~mJ, ^mOrnmë`mMo _io, _m§S>d, H$c_o, Jwam§Mo JmoR>o, {d{har, nmÊ`mMo hm¡X, Mmcy Agcocr ~m§YH$m_o, AmdmamÀ`m gr_odarc q^Vr, {d{hardarc n§n, B§{OZo, Ë`m§Mr XwéñVrMr hË`mao Aem AZoH$ Jmoï>tMr nmhmUr H$aV lr_hmamO gH$miMr \o$ar nyU© H$arV AgV. eoVrgmR>r lr_hmamOm§Zr n§Yam-gmoim ~¡cOmoS>çm nmicoë`m hmoË`m. Ë`m{edm` JmB©-dmgao dJ¡ao {_iyZ gmR>mÀ`mda OZmdao JmoR>çmV hmoVr. H$mhr JmB© Xw^Ë`m Va H$mhr JmB© ^mH$S>hr hmoË`m. Ë`m§Mr nmiUyH$ ^yVX`oÀ`m ^mdZoVyZ Ho$cr OmV Ago. Jwam§Zm MadyZ AmUÊ`mgmR>r Om§Kir Zo_coco hmoVo. JmB©-dmgam§gmR>r MaÊ`mMr OmJm doJir, Om§Kir doJim Ago. Xwgam Om§Kir ~¡b Xwgè`m Hw$aUmV ZoV Ago. AJXr åhmVmar OZmdao AmUIr doJù`m {R>H$mUr Mamd`mcm gmoS>cr OmV. H$moH$UmV JmoR>çmcm "dmS>m' åhUVmV. Ago Mma dmS>o OZmdam§gmR>r ~m§Ycoco hmoVo. Vo dmS>o ñdÀN> R>odÊ`mgmR>r, eoUJmoR>m H$aÊ`mgmR>r doJdoJio JS>r Zo_coco AgV. Ë`m§Zr Ë`m dmS>çm§Mr {ZJm XjVmnyd©H$ amIm`Mr Ago. dmS>çmV IÈ>o nS>coco AmhoV, Ë`mV _c_yÌ gmR>coco Amho ho lr_hmamOm§Zm A{O~mV MmcV Zgo. OZmdao Mam`cm ~mhoa OmVrc Voìhm PmS>cmoQ> H$ê$Z XadmOo CKS>o Q>mHy$Z dmS>çmVrc O_rZ H$moaS>r hmoB©c `mMr H$miOr KoVcr OmB©. H$maU `mM O{_Zrda ~gyZ Vr _wH$s OZmdao {dlm§Vr KoUma ! "gd© ^yV_mÌmV na_oœa ^acm Amho,' Aer [aH$m_r nmonQ>n§Mr H$aÊ`mnojm OZmdam§Mr EdT>r H$miOr KoD$Z lr_hmamO Vr Jmoï> Z ~mocVm gm§Jm`Mo. EdT>oM Zìho, Va YmoYmo nmdgmV {Xdg^a Zm§Ja AmoTy>Z WH$coco ~¡c Ooìhm {XdocmJUrÀ`m gw_mamg JmoR>çmV naVV, Voìhm _rR> KmVcoë`m Ja_ nmÊ`mZo Ë`m§Mo nm` YwD$Z, eoHy$Z Ë`m§Zm lr_hmamO ñdV: Amnë`m hmVmZo Voc MmoirV AgV. H$mhr doim OZmdam§À`m nm`mcm OI_m hmoV AgV. Ë`m {MKicoë`m OI_m lr_hmamO O§VwZmeH$m§Zr YwD$Z ñdÀN> H$arV AgV. lr_hmamOm§Zr gdmªdaM ào_ Ho$co, _m`m Ho$cr. _mÌ _wŠ`m àmÊ`m§H$Sy>ZM Ë`m§Zm ^a^ê$Z à{VgmX {_imcm. S>oadUÀ`m dmS>çmVrc gJir OZmdao lr_hmamOm§Mr Mmhyc cmJVmM H$mZ Q>dH$mê$Z, eonQ>çm hcdyZ, h§~ê$Z lr_hmamOm§Mo cj doYyZ ¿`m`Mr; Ë`m§Zm Anojm Ago Vr \$º$ _m`oÀ`m nmR>rdarc EH$m WmnoMr. S>oadUÀ`mM JmoemioVrc EH$ "nmS>m' (Jmoèhm) Ooìhm àW_M Zm§Jamcm Ow§nÊ`mV Amcm Voìhm Vmo {~cHy$c Zm§Ja AmoT>rZm. Ë`mcm MmcVm H$aÊ`mMo JS>çm§Mo gd© à`ËZ ì`W© R>aco. Vmo AS>ocVÅz>à_mUo eoVmV ~gH$U _mê$ cmJcm. eodQ>r ho lr_hmamOm§Zm H$i{dÊ`mV Amco. Vo ñdV: eoVmV Amco. Ë`m ~¡cmÀ`m nmR>rda hmV {\$adyZ Vo EdT>oM åhUmco H$s, ""Aao VwPm OÝ_ `mM H$m_mgmR>r Amho; Voìhm Vo Q>miyZ H$g§ Mmcoc ? Mc D$R>, H$m_ gwê$ H$a !'' Am{U Amü`© åhUOo lr_hmamOm§À`m AmkoZo Vmo IamoIaM CRy>Z Zm§Ja AmoTy> cmJcm. nwÝhm H$Yrhr Ë`mZo H$m_MwH$manUm Ho$cm Zmhr. 164 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

lr grVmam_~wdm§Mm EH$ ~mù`m ZmdmMm Hw$Ìm hmoVm. AmaVr gwê$ Pmcr H$s Vmo AmaVr nyU© hmoB©n`ªV ^w§H$V Ago. VgoM EH$ nmonQ>hr hmoVm. Vmo _moH$imM Ago, na§Vw CSy>Z OmV Zgo. lr grVmam_~wdm {^jocm {ZKmco H$s OmoS>Jmoir Ë`m§À`m~amo~a OmB©. H$mÁ`m Am{U hm¡em Ago XmoZ ~¡c Zm§JaQ>rgmR>r lr_hmamOm§Zr lr grVmam_~wdm§Zm KoD$Z {Xcoco hmoVo. ~wdm§Zr nmQ>UÀ`m ~mOmamV nm`r OmD$Z hr OmoS>r IaoXr H$ê$Z AmUcr hmoVr. S>oadU `oWo JmBJwam§Mo _moR>o {I„ma, Va nwÊ`mcm _§{XamV XmoZ nmonQ>, EH$ Am{\«$H$Z Hw$gwHw$ (J«o n°aQ>) Am{U H$mhr CÎm_ àVrMo JmdR>r nmird Hw$Ìo lr_hmamOm§Zr ào_mZo gm§^mico hmoVo. {H$Vrhr H$m_mV ~wSy>Z Jococo Agco Var lr_hmamOm§Mo `m _wŠ`m àmÊ`m§À`m XoI^mcrH$S>o ~maH$mB©Zo cj Agm`Mo. ñdV:À`m Vm|S>mV Kmg KmcÊ`mnydu `m gdmªMo ImUo-nmUr XoD$Z Pmco qH$dm Zmhr `mMr àW_ Mm¡H$er H$ê$Z _JM lr_hmamO AÞ J«hU H$arV. nwÊ`mVrc ñWmZmV nmicoco nmonQ>, lr_hmamO H$moUmcm e|JXmÊ`mMm àgmX XoD$ cmJco H$s h_Img doJdoJio AmdmO H$mTy>Z, AmoaSy>Z lr_hmamOm§À`m hmVyZ e|JXmÊ`mMm ImD$ {_idm`Mo. lr_hmamO Oodm`cm ~gco H$s Ë`m§À`m VmQ>mVrc àgmXmÀ`m \$im§À`m \$moS>r {_ion`ªV Ë`m§Mm qnOè`mV AmaS>m-AmoaS>m Mmcm`Mm. `m nmonQ>m§gmR>r ~mJoV Mdir, _H$m `m§Mr cmJdS> H$ê$Z H$modù`m e|Jm Am{U H$Ugm§Mm _odm nmonQ>m§Zm ImD$ KmVcm OmB©. "aKwdra' ho Hw$gwHw$Mo lr_hmamOm§Zr R>odcoco Zmd. Ë`m§Zr "aKwdr@@a' Aer gmX KmVcr H$s Vmo VËnaVoZo à{VgmX XoB©. lr_hmamO Ogm AmdmO H$mT>rV Vgm AmdmO àË`wÎmamXmIc Vmo H$mT>rV Ago AWdm eri dmOdyZ doJdoJio AmdmO H$mTy>Z ào_mMm à{VgmX XoB©. ñWmZm_Yrc Hw$Ìo lr_hmamOm§Zr hmH$ _maVmM CS>çm _maV eonQ>çm hcdrV Ë`m§À`mH$S>o YmdV `oV. _mÌ Vo H$Yrhr _§{XamV AJa {ZdmgñWmZmV nmD$c Q>mH$V ZgV qH$dm AmdmamV H$Yr H$moR>ohr KmU H$arV ZgV. nwÊ`mVrb ñWmZmV "emå`m' ZmdmMm EH$ Ho$gmi H$mim Hw$Ìm hmoVm. Ë`mMr h{H$H$V {dcjUM Amho. lr_hmamO Ooìhm _§{XamV lr~m~m§Mr nyOm Am{U AmaVr H$arV, Voìhm AmaVr Pmë`mda CnpñWV gdmªZm Z¡doÚmMo XyY g§Ü`oÀ`m nirZo hmVmda XoV. g_mYrcm àX{jUm KmcyZ nm`è`m MT>yZ {ZdmgñWmZmH$S>o Amco H$s VoWo emå`m dmQ> nmhmV C^mM Ago. lr_hmamO g§Ü`oÀ`m nir^a XyY Ë`mcmhr XoV AgV. hm amoOMmM H«$_ hmoVm. lr_hmamOm§Zr hm¡XmdaÀ`m Zimda nm` YwVco H$s emå`m Zoh_r Vo MaUVrW© àmeZ H$arV Ago. EH$Xm AgoM MaUVrW© àmeZ H$ê$Z emå`m lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m XmamV H$m`_Mm {Ma{dlm§VrgmR>r {dgmdcm. lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`mÀ`m Vm|S>mV J§Jm KmVcr, A§Jmdê$Z ào_mZo hmV {\$adcm Am{U Ë`mcm da _m§S>dmV CMcyZ AmUco. VoWoM Ë`mZo àmU gmoS>cm. lr_hmamOm§Zr ~mJo_Ü`o IÈ>m IUdyZ, Ë`m_Ü`o emå`mcm R>odyZ, Ë`mda VwiernÌ, H$mnya, {~ëdnÌ dmhÿZ Ë`mbm AIoaMm {Zamon {Xcm. AVrd gw§Xa S>oadU J«m_.. / 165

S>oadUÀ`m ñWmZmÀ`m n[agamVrb gH$miMm \o$a\$Q>H$m AmQ>monbm H$s lr_hmamO ñZmZ H$arV. ñZmZ Pmë`mda ñdV:Mo YmoVa ñdV: YwD$Z lr_hmamO H$mR>rZo Xm§S>rda dmiV KmcrV. YmoVamcm MwÊ`m nS>coë`m ZgV H$s H$moR>o H$mR> MwaJicocm Zgo. dmiV KmVcoco YmoVa Xm§S>rÀ`m XmoÝhr ~mOyg gmaIo Ago. YmoVamdaM ZogyMr c§JmoQ>r VerM ì`dpñWV KmVcocr Ago. ho gd© H$m_ MQ>MQ> hmoV Ago. ^ñ_YmaU {dYr Am{U g§Ü`m Pmcr H$s lr_hmamO Amnë`m XodñWmZmMr nyOm H$arV. lrJUnVr, lr~m~m Am{U Jwéna§nam Ago \$moQ>mo Ë`m_Ü`o AgV. lr_hmamOm§~amo~a ho XodñWmZ gX¡d Ago. àdmgmV EH$m H$mnS>r {nedrV KmcyZ Vo ñdV:Odi R>odV AgV. BVa H$moUmMm ñne© Ë`mcm hmoD$ Z`o åhUyZ AÝ` gm_mZmV Z R>odVm A§JmdaM Vo dmJdrV. ~mJoVrc ^anya \w$co, Xwdm©, Vwier, ~oc dJ¡ao doMcoco AgV. lr_hmamO \w$co ì`dpñWVnUo aMZm H$ê$Z cmdrV AgV. _J XwYmMm Z¡doÚ An©U H$ê$Z AmaVr H$arV. Ë`mZ§Va lr dhmiH$a~wdm§À`m g_m{YñWmZr OmD$Z _méVrcm ~oc, \w$co dmhÿZ CX~Îmr XmIdyZ AmaVr H$arV. Am¡Xw§~aVir ñWmnZ Ho$coë`m ñ\${Q>H$mÀ`m {edqcJmMr nyOm H$ê$Z lr_hmamO naV `oV. XodXodVm§Zm VgoM dhmiH$a~wdm§Zm Z¡doÚ XmI{dë`mda OodUmMr nmZo KoVcr OmV. ~«m÷U {ÌgwnU© åhUV. Ë`m§Zm ^moOZ X{jUm {Xcr OmB© Am{U _J "dXZr H$di KoVm Zm_ ¿`m lrharMo' hm ûcmoH$ åhUyZ XodXodVm, Jwéna§nam `m§Mm O`O`H$ma H$ê$Z gd© OU Oodm`cm ~gV. lr_hmamOm§Mr OodUmMr nÕV AndmXmË_H$ ZrQ>ZoQ>H$s hmoVr. nXmW© Ë`m§À`m Zo_Š`m OmJr, à_mUeranUo Am{U EH$_oH$mV {_giUma ZmhrV Aem VèhoZo dmT>Ê`mMr dmT>nr _§S>itZm VmH$rX Ago. lr_hmamO àW_ Amnë`m nmZmMm lr~m~m§Zm Z¡doÚ XmIdrV. Ë`mZ§Va AmhþVr KoD$Z Pmë`mda ^moOZmcm gwédmV H$aÊ`mnydu dmT>nr nmZmda g¢Yd _rR> dmT>rV. hm H$m`_ {eañVm hmoVm. lr_hmamO A{Ve` em§VnUo gmdH$me ^moOZ H$arV. n§º$s_Yrc _§S>iter {d{dY {df`m§da JßnmJmoï>r H$aV àgÞ _ZmZo OodU H$arV. ì`{º$e: éMH$a nXmWmª{df`r CXmgrZ Agco Varhr nXmWmªÀ`m MdrMo AMyH$ narjU H$ê$Z AmMmè`mcm gyMZm H$arV AgV. OodU gmYo, gm{ÎdH$ Agmdo. _gmcoXma qH$dm VocH$Q> Agy Z`o Am{U S>m_S>m¡cmMo Agy Z`o Agm Ë`m§Mm AmJ«h Ago. H$moH$UmV nmdgmù`mV hmoUmè`m Q>mH$im, Hw$S>y>©, Hw$S>gr, H$mQ>co Aem amZ^mÁ`m, Hw$S>çmÀ`m \w$cm§Mr qH$dm e§oJm§Mr ^mOr Vo AmdS>rZo ImV AgV. `m ^mÁ`m§Mo Am¡fYr JwUY_© Ë`m§Zm _mhrV hmoVo. Ë`m_wio F$VwnaËdo hmoUmè`m `m ^mÁ`m S>oadU `oWo AmdOy©Z Ho$ë`m OmV. ZmMUrMr ^mH$ar lr_hmamOm§Zm Iyn AmdS>V Ago. Ë`mMà_mUo harH$mMm ^mVgwÕm lr_hmamOm§Zm AmdS>o Am{U åhUyZ S>oadU `oWo harH$ {nH${dcm OmB© Aer AmR>dU S>oadUMo am_^mD$ H$X_ gm§JVmV. H$moqe~ra, ^mOr Ago S>mdr-COdrH$S>rc nXmW© hmVmZo AmoTy>Z Z KoVm CMcyZ Kmgm~amo~a KoÊ`mMr Ë`m§Mr nÕV hmoVr. Ë`m_wio OodU g§në`mda Ë`m§Mo VmQ> AJXr YwVë`mgmaIo ñdÀN> Ago. OodU 166 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

_m\$H$, _moOHo$ Agm`Mo. Vo Zoh_r åhUm`Mo ""WmoS>m ImZm c‚mVH$m, OmXm ImZm \$‚mVH$m &'' Ë`m§Mo cmoQ>r-^m§S>o Vm§ã`mMo Ago. nmUr {nVmZm ^m§S>o Cï>o Z H$aVm, COì`m hmVmMm AmYma KoD$Z dê$Z ß`m`Mr nÕV hmoVr. ^m§S>çmV nmUr {e„H$ R>do Zy Vo CR>V ZgV. ""CXa^aU Zmoh,o Om{UOo `kH$_© &'' `m ûcmoH$mMm Iam AW© lr_hmamOm§Zm OodVmZm nm{hco H$s g_OyZ `oV Ago. _R>mVrc gdmªZmM nhmQ>o cdH$a CR>mdo cmJo; Ë`m_wio Xwnmar WmoS>r {dlm§Vr KoUo hr gdmªMrM JaO Ago. Xwnmar ^moOZmoÎma lr_hmamOhr WmoS>r {dlm§Vr KoV Am{U gmh{OH$M _J gdmªZmM {dlm§Vr Am{U Cg§V {_io. gm`§H$mir MmaZ§Va lr_hmamO lr grVmam_~wdm§g_doV ~mJoV Am{U eoVmda \o$a\$Q>H$m _mam`cm {ZKV. gmo~V Xe©Zmcm Amcoco AÝ` J«m_ñW, nmhþUo Ago cmoH$hr AgV. `m doir lr_hmamOm§À`m hmVr N>Ìr Am{U H$mR>r Ago. N>Ìr H$moUr YaVmo åhUmco Var H$moUmÀ`m hmVr XoV ZgV. H$mR>r ~m§~yMr qH$dm nm§T>arMr Agm`Mr Am{U Vr h_Img doS>rdmH$S>r Agm`Mr. lr_hmamO åhUm`Mo, ""gai H$mR>rcm {JèhmB©H$ Iyn. `m H$mR>rcm H$moUr hmV cmdUma Zmhr !'' amoOÀ`m ì`dhmamVrc Aem gmÜ`m Jmoï>r lr_hmamO J_VrZo gm§JV Am{U OmVmOmVm _moR>m Ame` ì`º$ H$arV AgV. Im§Úmda hmV nwgm`Mm n§Mm Agm`Mm Am{U H$moH$UÀ`m cmc _mVrVyZ MmcVmZm àg§JmZwê$n YmoVamMm gmoJm da ImoMcocm Agm`Mm. lr_hmamOm§Mo YmoVa ZogUo Q>mn{Q>nrMo Agm`Mo. {Zè`m EH$mM é§XrÀ`m Am{U EH$gma»`m Agm`À`m. {Xdg^a dmdaë`mdahr YmoVa MwaJicoco Zgm`Mo. VmgZ²Vmg IwMuV ~gcoco Agco qH$dm PmonyZ CR>ë`mdaXoIrc YmoVamÀ`m {Zè`m OemÀ`m Vem Agm`À`m. `m gm`§H$miÀ`m \o$arÀ`m doir eoVrMr, ~mJoMr H$m_o Mmcy AgVrc Ë`mg§~§Yr gyMZm XoV, H$m_o g_OmdyZ gm§JV qH$dm Zì`m `moOZm AmIV, Vo lr grVmam_~wdm§g_doV {\$am`Mo. Ë`m doir ~hþYm Ë`m CKS>çm ~moS>Š`m n[agamV ^mdr H$mimV \w$cUmao Z§XZdZ Ë`m§À`m S>moù`mg_moa gmH$ma hmoV Agmdo. lr._wacrYa e|~oH$a `m§Mr `m g§X^m©Vrc EH$ AmR>dU Ë`m§Mo ~§Yy lr.H$_cmH$a e|~oH$a `m§Zr gm§{JVcr. gZ 1954-55À`m Xaå`mZ lr dhmiH$a~wdm§À`m nwÊ`{VWr CËgdmgmR>r lr_hmamO gmdS>çm©cm Amcoco hmoVo. EH$ {Xdg gm`§H$mir Ë`m n[agamV lr_hmamO, lr grVmam_~wdm, lr.AßnmOr H$mZS>o `m§À`mg_doV \o$a\$Q>H$m _marV hmoVo. gmo~V _wacrYa e|~oH$ahr hmoVo. lr dhmiH$a~wdm§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamOdirc ~mJ~JrMm Am{U {d{dY dZñnVr nmhmVmZm Am¡fYr dZñnVtMm {df` {ZKmcm Am{U lr_hmamOm§Zr nm[aOmVH$mnmgyZ gwédmV H$ê$Z doJdoJù`m dZñnVtMo Am¡fYr JwUY_© gm§Jm`cm gwédmV Ho$cr Am{U ~mocVm~mocVm Vo åhUmco, ""`oWo hm°pñnQ>c C^mamdo Ago _cm dmQ>Vo !'' AWm©VM lr_hmamO Ho$di ^{dî`mVrc ñdßZm§_Ü`o a_Umao ZìhVo Va dV©_mZmVrc dmñVd CKS>çm S>moù`m§Zr nmhmUmaohr hmoVo. Ë`m_wio `m gm`§H$miÀ`m {\$aÊ`mÀ`m doir AZoH$ gwYmaUm§Mm nm`m KmVcm Om`Mm, ÌwQ>tMr Zm|X KoVcr Om`Mr, àJVrMm AmT>mdm KoVcm Om`Mm. Vr Mmccoë`m H$m_mMr AVrd gw§Xa S>oadU J«m_.. / 167

VnmgUr Agm`Mr. lr_hmamOm§À`m ZOaoVyZ H$moUVmhr Vnerc gwQ>Uo eŠ`M Zgm`Mo. _§{Xam^modVr Q´>ñQ>Mr eoVr EH$ joÌr {dñVmacocr Amho. EImXr eoVO_rZ IaoXr Ho$ë`mda g^modma C§M H$mù`m XJS>mMr q^V ~m§YyZ {VÀ`m gr_maofm gwa{jV Ho$ë`m OmV. VgoM Ë`m O{_ZrV JmS>çm AJa Q´>H$Zo Zdr _mVr AmUyZ Q>mH$Ê`mMm Ë`m§Mm àKmV hmoVm. eoV, eoVmV l_ H$ê$Z Amnco hmoVo, Ho$di IaoXr H$ê$Z Zmhr, Ago Vo gm§JV AgV. AmdmamV doJdoJio {d^mJ N>moQ>çm q^Vr KmcyZ Ho$coco AmhoV. eoVm_Yrc nmD$cdmQ>m Mm§Jë`m é§X Am{U XJS>, {g_|Q>Zo ~m§YZy H$mT>cëo `m AmhoV. {d^mJm{d^mJmV H$S>rH$mo`S§ >çm§gh cmoI§S>r \$mQ>Ho$ Ho$cocr AgyZ Vr Hw$cyn~§X AgV. H$m_m{edm` EImXm XadmOm CKS>m Q>mH$cocm lr_hmamOm§Zm AmdS>V Zgo. XadmOmMm dmna Z H$aVm q^Vrdê$Z H$moUr CS>r _mê$Z Jococohr Ë`m§Zm AmdS>V Zgo. `m ~m§Y~§{XñVr_wio {nH$m§Zm CZmS> OZmdam§nmgyZ qH$dm Sw>¸$a, H$moëho Aem OZmdam§nmgyZ g§ajU {_iVo. nm`dmQ>m, Q>ßno, nm`R>Ê`m, nm`§S>çm `m gd© ZrQ> AmIcoë`m, ~m§YyZ H$mT>coë`m Am{U ñdÀN> AgV H$maU H$moH$UmV ganQ>Umao Ord-OrdmUy, qdMy `m§Mm \$ma dmda AgVmo. amÌrAnamÌrgwÕm OmVmZm Ë`m§Mm Ìmg hmoD$ Z`o åhUyZ hr I~aXmar KoVcocr hmoVr. _R>mÀ`m eoVmdê$Z \o$a\$Q>H$m _maVmZm `m gmè`m Jmoï>tH$S>o Ë`m§Mo cj Ago. `m ~m§Y~§{XñVr_Ü`o Hw$R>o C§XraKwetZr CH$sa H$mT>cocm Agcm Va Vm~S>Vmo~ Ë`m§Mm ~§Xmo~ñV Ho$cm OmB©. Iao Va dma§dma JdV, VU ~oUyZ eoVo, ~mJm ñdÀN> R>odë`m_wio C§Xam§Mm Ìmg \$magm ZgoM. C§Xra cmJë`m_wio _moR>r PmS>ogwÕm gwHy$ eH$VmV. Ago PmS> AmT>ië`mg O{_ZrnmgyZ \w$Q>^a A§Vamda Vo H$mnyZ, N>oXmda S>m§~a cmdco OmV Ago, `m_wio PmS>mV nmdgmMo nmUr _wê$ eH$V Zgo Am{U H$mhr {XdgmVM PmS>mcm ZdrZ Yw_mao \w$Q>coco {XgV. lr_hmamO H$mhr gmd©H$mcrZ {Z`_ dma§dma gm§JyZ H$m_Jmam§À`m _Zmda R>gdrV AgV. O{_Zr_Ü`o Or-Or Jmoï> nwam`Mr Amho, {VÀ`m O{_ZrImcr OmUmè`m ^mJmcm S>m§~a cmdyZ _JM Vr nwam`Mr; _J Vmo _moR>m Im§~ Agmo, nS>dirÀ`m docmgmR>r Ho$coë`m _§S>nmgmR>r amodcocm "_oS>H$m' (Im§~) Agmo H$s chmZ amonm§Zm AmYma XoÊ`mgmR>r eoOmar amodcocr "{Mì`mMr H$m_Q>r' (~m§~yMr chmZ nmVi nÅ>r) Agmo. lr_hmamOm§Mr hr {eH$dU AmOhr S>oadUcm V§VmoV§V nmicr OmV Amho. AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌmMm dmna H$ê$Z H$m_ gmono H$aÊ`mMrhr lr_hmamOm§Zm AmdS> hmoVr. S>oadUcm EdT>çm Jm`r-Jwam§Zm cmJUmao JdV gmR>{dVmZm JdVmÀ`m JmgS>çm ~m§YÊ`mMo `§Ì Ë`m§Zr AmUco hmoVo. Ë`m `§Ìm_wio JdV gmR>{dÊ`mgmR>r H$_r OmJm cmJVo Am{U VmaoZo KÅ> ~m§Ycoë`m JmgS>çm hmVmiUo gmono OmVo. H$moH$UmV lr_hmamOm§À`m H$mimV ho `§Ì dmnaÊ`mMm H$moUr gmYm {dMmagwÕm Ho$cm Zgoc. EH§$XarV `m gm`§H$miÀ`m \o$arV lr_hmamO n[agamVrc gd© n[apñWVr nmhÿZ KoD$Z AZoH$ H$m_o _mJu cmdV AgV Am{U AZoH$ ZdrZ H$ënZm _m§Sy>Z Ë`m§Mr AmIUr H$aÊ`mg gwédmV H$arV. ~amo~aÀ`m _§S>itg_doV lr_hmamO _R>mV naVV Voìhm {XdocmJUrMr doi Pmcocr Ago. Amë`mda ñZmZ H$ê$Z gm`§g§Ü`m Am{U AmaVr H$arV. XodñWmZmMr AmaVr Pmcr H$s _J Vo BVaÌ 168 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

CX~Îmr XmIdrV. lr grVmam_~wdm Yyn XmIdm`Mo Am{U _J XmoKohr g_m{YñWmZr OmD$Z AmaVr Am{U n§MnXr åhUV AgV. Ë`mZ§Va OodU hmoB©. amÌrMo OodU AJXr gmYo Agm`Mo. OodUmZ§Va amÌr ~gm`cm, ^oQ>m`cm AZoH$ cmoH$ `oV AgV. lr_hmamOm§er JßnmJmoï>r H$aÊ`mgmR>rM qH$dm Iao Va lr_hmamOm§À`m Vm|Sy>Z AZoH$ {df`m§darc dmH²$gwYm EoH$Ê`mgmR>rM hr _mUgo VoWo Jmoim ìhm`Mr. Ë`m doir S>oadUcm {dOoMo {Xdo Amcoco ZìhVo. H§$Xrc, {M_Ê`m§À`m _§X àH$memV hr ~¡R>H$ _moR>r a§JVXma ìhm`Mr Am{U _J H$Yr Var \$ma Cera Pmcm `mMr AmR>dU Pmcr H$s _§S>ir Pmonm`cm Om`Mr. lr_hmamOm§Mo A§Wê$U åhUOo EH$ diH$Q>r XmoarZo ~m§YyZ Vo ~gV AgV VoWoM da Iw§Q>mù`mcm AS>H$dcocr Agm`Mr. EH$ MQ>B©, Ë`mda N>moQ>r gVa§Or, Ë`mda Km|JS>r d MmXa Am{U Ë`mda EH$ Xw_Sy>Z KS>r KmcyZ AmIyS> Ho$cocr nm§T>ar ñdÀN> MmXa Ago lr_hmamOm§Mo A§Wê$U Agm`Mo. Amnë`m nm`mZo _iy Z`o åhUyZ hr nm§T>ar MmXa AmIyS> Ho$cocr Agm`Mr. XmoZ Cem Am{U nm§Kam`cm EH$ nm§T>ar nmVi MmXa. W§S>r_Ü`o lr_hmamO {~ZIirMr Mm¡H$S>rMr gmocmnwar Km|JS>r, AmVyZ nm§T>ar MmXa cmdyZ nm§Kam`cm ¿`m`Mo. W§S>rÀ`m {XdgmV A§JmV cm§~ hmVmMm ñdoQ>a Ago. PmonVmZm Vo Zoh_r gwVr Jm|S>çmMr Q>monr KmcV. A§WéUmOdi Zoh_r ~°Q>ar ({dOoar) Ago. lr_hmamO S>oadU _w¸$m_r Agco H$s lr grVmam_~wdm§Mm {eî` ~iram_ amOo{eH}$ gmdcrgmaIm lr_hmamOm§gmo~V Agm`Mm. Vo Hw$R>ohr Ho$ìhmhr {ZKmco H$s hm Ë`m§À`m~amo~a {ZKm`Mm. amÌrgwÕm lr_hmamOm§À`m nm`mer Odinmg A§Wê$U KmcyZ {ZOm`Mm. lr_hmamO AZoH$Xm ~iram_da amJdm`Mo, Ë`mcm AmoaS>m`Mo; na§Vw Varhr lr_hmamOm§Mr Ë`mÀ`mda _m`m hmoVr. lr_hmamOm§À`m AIoaÀ`m AmOmamV nwÊ`mcm `oD$Z Ë`mZo lr_hmamOm§Mr _Zmo^mdo Iyn godm Ho$cr. ^ë`m nhmQ>o ^º$JUm§er nÌì`dhma H$arV gwê$ Pmcocm lr_hmamOm§Mm {Xdg, amÌr Agm ^º$JUm§À`m _où`mV JßnmJmoï>r H$aVH$aV C{eam H$Yr Var g§nm`Mm. D D D

A^§J AmV©Vm XoB© a| _O ^Jd§VmŸ& OoU| _mPo {MÎmm `oB© em§Vr && ZH$mo XoD§$ H$m§ht VwPo Zm_mdrUŸ& dmQ>mo gma| AmZ, {_Ï`m _OŸ&& _m`oMr {ngwU|, H$at AmVm§ XwarŸ& ^{º$ XoBª Iar, _O bmJtŸ&& Xmg åhUo _rZ, Oodt nmÊ`mdrUŸ& Vi_io OmU, Vodt ìhmd|Ÿ&& Ÿ&& lrgÒþéMaUmaqdXmn©U_ñVw Ÿ&&

AVrd gw§Xa S>oadU J«m_.. / 169

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àH$aU : 17

Bh na gwIr hmodmoZr gH$i & ^º$s Vr Ho$di H$amoV H$s && {X.$30.10.1967 amoOr lr_hmamOm§Zr d¡ÚamO lr.ZmZmgmho~ Omoer `m§Zm {c{hcoco EH$ nÌ CncãY Amho. Ë`m doir S>oadU `oWrc {ZdmgñWmZmÀ`m H$m_mMr nyd©V`mar Mmcy hmoVr Am{U Ë`mgmR>r cmJUmam n¡gm VmVS>rZo C^m H$aUo, AË`§V JaOoMo hmoVo. gw_mao 25,000/- én`m§Mr JaO hmoVr. Ë`m g§X^m©V lr_hmamO {c{hVmV, ""{g{_Q> {_imë`m{edm` OmoË`mcm gwédmV hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr. OmoVo nwT>À`m _{hÝ`mV ~m§YÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$ë`m{edm` {ZXmZ nm¡f _{hÝ`mV Var ~m§YH$m_ KamMo d g§S>mgm§Mo gwê$ H$aVm `oUma Zmhr Aer n[apñWVr Amho. H$m` H$amdo gwMV Zmhr. gwédmV Va H$ê$Z ~gcmo AmhmoV. {ZXmZ n¡gm Jmoim hmoB©Vmo H$Om©D$ {~Zì`mOr n¡go nhmdo d Ë`mcm àm°{_gar ZmoQ> {chÿZ XoD$. nm{hOo Va _r XoVmo {chÿZ nU H$gohr H$ê$Z `m doir ho hmoUoM Oê$a Amho. nwT>o n¡go Jmoim hmoVmM Vo nañna g§ñWoZo XoD$Z Q>mH$mdoV. ho Oa gwê$ Pmco Zmhr Va \${OVr d N>r: WyM hmoB©c.'' lr_hmamOm§Zr S>oadU `oWrc Amnë`m H$m_mMr gwédmV Ho$cr, Voìhm Ë`mgmR>r {ZYr Jmoim H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ {H$Vr H$R>rU hmoVo `mMr `WmW© H$ënZm `m nÌmdê$Z `oVo. Q´>ñQ>cm XoU½`m {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r lr_hmamOm§Zr AZoH$ àH$mao à`ËZ Ho$co. gwédmVrcm lr_hmamOm§Mo {eî` Am{U Q´>ñQ>r doJdoJù`m à{gÕ _§{XamV JXuÀ`m doir OmD$Z hmVmVrc S>~m dmOdyZ cmoH$m§H$S>o XoUJr _mJV AgV. {Q>Q>dmim `oWrc JUoe _§{XamV g§H$ï>r MVwWuÀ`m {Xder Om`Mo, Va à^mXodrÀ`m {g{Õ{dZm`H$mg_moa Xa _§Jidmar C^o amhm`Mo. _hm{edamÌrcm A§~aZmWÀ`m {ed_§{XamV Om`Mo Ago H$ê$Z _XV Jmoim H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Jocm. {ZYr g§H$cZmMm EH$ ^mJ åhUyZ lrg§V grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a Q´>ñQ>V\}$ 1970, 1972 Am{U 1973 gmcr ñ_a{UH$m àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mV Amë`m. »`mVZm_ ZV©H$ JmonrH¥$îU, n§.öX`ZmW _§JoeH$a, g§JrVH$ma dg§V XogmB©, Jm{`H$m dmUr O`am_ Aem _moR>çm H$cmH$mam§Mo H$m`©H«$_ Q´>ñQ>À`m _XVrgmR>r H$aÊ`mV Amco. _ocS>r _oH$g©Mm dmÚd¥§XmMm H$m`©H«$_hr H$aÊ`mV Amcm. ho gd© H$m`©H«$_ _w§~B©cm fÊ_wImZ§X hm°c_Ü`o H$aÊ`mV Amco, Va Amem nmaoI `m§Mm "AZmaH$cr' hm Z¥Ë`mMm H$m`©H«$_ {~cm© _mVmolr g^mJ¥hmV H$aÊ`mV Amcm. c¾mMr ~oS>r (fÊ_wImZ§X hm°c), gm¡OÝ`mMr Eoer V¡er ({edmOr _§{Xa), ñd`§{gÕm (gm{hË` g§K _§{Xa) Ago ZmQ>çà`moJhr {ZYr C^maÊ`mgmR>r H$aÊ`mV Amco. na§Vw Aem H$m`©H«$_mVyZ ^ard _XV hmoV Zmhr ho cjmV Amë`mda lr_hmamOm§Zr Q´>ñQ>tZm, lr_Vr gw_Vr _moamaOr, lr.AaqdX _\$Vcmc Aem _moR>çm CÚmoJnVtH$S>o nmR>{dco. na§Vw VoWohr Ano{jV à{VgmX {_imcm Zmhr. {Zanoj d¥ÎmrZo XmZY_© H$aÊ`mMr d¥ÎmrM g_mOmVyZ Zmhrer hmoV hmoVr. AIoarg lr_hmamOm§Zr g_mOmVrc gm_mÝ` OZm§ZmM AmdmhZ H$aÊ`mMo R>a{dco Am{U H$moUmcmhr 170 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

ghOnUo KoVm `oVrc Aer EH$ én`mnmgyZ e§^a én`m§n`ªVMr XoUJr-Hw$nZo V`ma Ho$cr. `m Hw$nZm§Zm gd©gm_mÝ` OZVoZo Mm§Jcm à{VgmX {Xcm Am{U Ë`mVyZ nwT>o lr_hmamOm§Zr H$m`m©Mo nhmS> C^o Ho$co. lr_hmamOm§Mo {eî`gwÕm Xa_hm Amnë`m CËnÞmVrc H$mhr R>amdrH$ ^mJ Q´>ñQ>cm XoD$ cmJco Am{U hiyhiy Q´>ñQ> gwpñWa Pmcm. lr_hmamOm§Zr `mo{Ococo H$moUVoM H$m`© n¡em§À`m AS>MUr_wio H$Yr Wm§~dmdo cmJco Zmhr. lrcú_r lr_hmamOm§da àgÞ Pmcr hmoVr AgoM åhUmdo cmJoc. lr_hmamO nwÊ`mcm {ZdmgñWmZmV Á`m ImocrV PmonV AgV, Ë`m ImocrÀ`m O{_Zrda ~g{dcoë`m {\$¸$Q> {Zù`m a§JmÀ`m H$moQ>m XJS>mÀ`m \$aerda Am{U ~mOycm ~g{dcoë`m H$S>mßß`mÀ`m Pmcarda EH$ {dcjU VoOñdr Aer gwdU© Pimir {XgV Ago. EH$Xm lr.AemoH$amd OmoetZr lr_hmamOm§Zm {dMmaco, ""ho H$m` Amho ?'' Voìhm Vo åhUmco, ""ho gmoZo Amho, ho Vwcm g_OV Zmhr H$m` ?'' lr.AemoH$amd åhUmco, ""`m cú_rda Am_Mm nm` nS>Vmo !'' Ë`mda lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""lrcú_rMr OmJm lr{dîUyÀ`m nm`mH$S>oM AgVo. {VMr OmJm VrM Amho. Ë`mhrda Vr MT>cr Va _Zwî` CÔm_ d CÝ_Îm ~ZVmo. AmnUmcm cìhmi§ ~ZyZ amhm`M§ Amho, d¥j Zmhr !'' hr gmoZoar N>Q>m lr_hmamOm§À`m _hm{Zdm©UmZ§Va _mÌ EH$ XmoZ OmJr gmoS>ë`mg, ~mH$s H$moR>o {XgoZmer Pmcr. àgÞ Pmcocr cú_r OUy lr_hmamOm§Mr godm H$aÊ`mgmR>r g§YrMr dmQ> nmhmV {Vð>V C^r hmoVr Am{U lr_hmamO _mÌ ñdV: {daº$s nËH$ê$Z, Amcoë`m cú_rÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo Amnco cmoH$H$ë`mUmMo d«V nyU© H$arV hmoVo. lrjoÌ S>oadU Am{U AmOy~mOyÀ`m IoS>çmVyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr lrg§V grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a Q´>ñQ>, lrJwé godm-_§S>i M°[aQ>o~c Q´>ñQ>, lr {dÇ>camd Omoer M°[aQ>rO Q´>ñQ> Aem Q´>ñQ>Ûmao, Cno[jV JmoaJar~ OZVogmR>r {dMmanyd©H$, `moOZm~ÕnUo {d{dY joÌmV Am{U {d{dY àH$maMo H$m_ gwê$ Ho$co. H$moH$UmVrc JmoaJar~ OZVoÀ`m g_ñ`m AZoH$ hmoË`m Am{U Ë`m§Mr _wio EH$_oH$mV Jw§Vcocr hmoVr. J[a~r, AkmZ, A§YlÕm, AZmamo½`, _mJmgconUm Aem AZoH$ OwZmQ> ì`mYtZr g_mO nmoIacocm hmoVm. H$moUË`mhr EH$m g_ñ`ocm hmV KmcyZ Vr gwQ>Uma ZìhVr. H$maU Vr AmUIr Xwgè`m, {Vgè`m g_ñ`oVyZ CX²^dcocr AgUma hmoVr. Ho$di Am{W©H$ _XV XoD$Z J[a~r Zï> hmoUma Zmhr, CbQ> Am`Ë`m {_imcoë`m _XVr_wio g_mOmV EoXrnUmM ~moH$mioc. Ë`mgmR>r H$ï> H$ê$Z amoOJma {_idyZM J[a~rVyZ _mUyg da Amcm nm{hOo. Ho$di emim CKSy>Z _wco `oUma ZmhrV; H$maU J[a~r_wio emioV OmVmZm A§JmV Kmcm`cm {H$_mZ XmoZ gXao, MS²>S>çm Ë`mÀ`mOdi ZgVrc, nwñVHo$-døm ¿`m`cm n¡go ZgVrc Va hr _wbo emioV H$er `oUma? AmOmanUmV d¡ÚH$s` godm CncãY Zgoc Va _mUyg ZmBcmOmZo ^JV, d¡XyH$S>oM OmUma Am{U ho bjmV KoD$ZM lr_hmamOm§Zr EH$mM doir AZoH$ àH$maMr H$m_o gwê$ H$ê$Z g_mOmcm AmË_moÕmamMm _mJ© XmI{dcm. S>oadUMr {Oëhm n[afXoÀ`m emioMr B_maV AJXr _moS>H$ircm Amcocr hmoVr. JmdH$è`m§Zr hr Bh na gwIr.. / 171

Jmoï> _hmamOm§À`m H$mZr KmVcr. lr_hmamOm§Zr ñdV: OmD$Z nmhmUr Ho$cr Am{U Vr emim XwéñV H$ê$Z {Xcr. XmoZ ZdrZ Imoë`m ~m§YyZ {Xë`m. N>namda nÌo KmcyZ Ë`mda H$m¡co ~g{dcr. Omù`m ~gdyZ, XadmOo cmdyZ CKS>o ìham§S>o ~§X Ho$co. AmdmamV Hy$nZ{cH$m ImoXyZ {Xcr. {deof _hÎdmMr Jmoï> åhUOo _wcm_wctH$[aVm ñdV§Ì em¡MHy$n Am{U _wVmè`m ~m§YyZ {Xë`m. Amdmamcm XJS>r q^VrMo H§$nmD§$S> H$ê$Z Ë`mcm cmoI§S>r XadmOm ~gdyZ {Xcm. ÜdOñV§^ ì`dpñWV ~g{dcm. qXS>r XadmOmcm Hw$cyn cmdÊ`mMr gmo` Ho$ë`m_wio Amdma ñdÀN> amhÿ cmJco. ^Q>Š`m Jwam§Mm Ìmg Jocm Am{U AmdmamMr {ZJm amIcr OmD$ cmJcr. lr_hmamOm§Zr `m emiocm {nÊ`mÀ`m nmÊ`mMo qnn, H$mhr Vºo$, nwñVHo$, ZH$meo, emñÌr` à`moJmgmR>r CnH$aUo {Xcr. Q´>ñQ>Zo 1993 gmcr _wcm§À`m H$m`©H$« _mcm Cn`moJr nS>c o Agm n¸$m Mm¡Wam ~m§YZy {Xcm. JaOy {dÚmÏ`mªZm nmR>çnwñVHo$, døm, Xáao XoÊ`mV AmcrM, na§Vw _wcm§_Ü`o emioV OmÊ`mMr AmdS> {Z_m©U ìhmdr åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm a§Jr~oaJ§ r aoZH$moQ>hr XoÊ`mV Amco. Q´>ñQ>Zo T>moH«$dcr, T>mH$_mocr, daocr, Am§~oVImoc, AgwS>} `oWrc ~mcdmS>çm§Zm IoiUr {Xcr. IoS>oJmdmV nmhm`cmhr {_iÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Zgcocr {VMmH$s gm`H$c, M|Sy>, [a§J AmXr IoiUr Ioim`cm {_imë`m_wio _wcm§Zm hmoUmam AmZ§X dU©ZmVrV Amho. S>oadU `oWo Am§JUdmS>r, ~mcdmS>rgmR>r N>moQ>r B_maV Q´>ñQ>Zo 1992 _Ü`o ~m§YyZ {Xcr Am{U _wcm§gmR>r n§Yam hOma én`m§Mr IoiUrhr {Xcr. Q´>ñQ>À`m _XVr_wio `m emim§Vrc e¡j{UH$ H$m_mcm MmcZm {_iyZ AmO Ë`m {OëømV AmXe© emim åhUyZ AmoiIë`m OmVmV, Ago VoWrc {ejH$dJ© A{^_mZmZo gm§JVmo. S>oadUÀ`m gwVmadmS>r emioMr XwéñVr H$ê$Z Ë`m emiocmhr XmoZ ZdrZ Imoë`m ~m§YyZ XoÊ`mV Amë`m. gmdS>çm©À`m H$mgmadmS>r emio_Ü`o ~mamhr _{hZo Amoc `oV Ago, åhUyZ VoWo ehm~mXr \$aer ~gdyZ XoÊ`mV Amcr. B`Îmm nmMdr Vo Xhmdrn`ªVÀ`m àË`oH$ dJm©Vrc n{hë`m VrZ H«$_m§H$mZo CÎmrU© hmoUmè`m {dÚmÏ`mªZm {eî`d¥Îmr XoÊ`mV `oVo. S>oadU, Hw$S>n, gmdS>}, \w$ê$g, hS>H$Ur, Viga, Hw$Q>ao, AmJdo, AgwS>}, Zm§XJmd, X{hdcr, Amo_ir, _mJ© VmåhUo, H$mog~r _w§T>o, XwJ©dmS>r Aem AZoH$ Jmdm§Vrc emim§_Yrc _wcm§Zm Ë`mMm cm^ {_iVmo. {edm` H$m|S>_im, Zm`ergh darc gd© emim§_Yrc Jar~ d hmoVH$ê$ _wcm§Zm Xadfu Q´>ñQ>V\}$ {dZm_yë` døm d nwñVHo$ nwa{dÊ`mV `oVmV. Q´>ñQ>Zo {edUH$m_ {eH$Umè`m n§MH«$moerVrc AZoH$ {dÚmÏ`mªZm {edU _{eZ IaoXrgmR>r qH$_VrÀ`m n§Mdrg Q>¸o$ a¸$_ _XV åhUyZ {Xcr Amho. Ë`mMà_mUo chmZ d`mV ~MVrMr gd` ìhmdr åhUyZ gw_mao VrZeo {dÚmÏ`mªZm gwédmVrg 50 $én`o ^ê$Z nmoñQ>mV ~MV ImVr CKSy>Z {Xcr. AmVm Va Q´>ñQ>V\}$ S>oadU `oWo B§J«Or _mÜ`_mMr emim gwê$ H$aÊ`mV Amcr Amho Am{U VoWrc e¡j{UH$ dmVmdaU _moR>çm ehar emim§Zmhr hodm dmQ>mdm EdT>o gw§Xa Amho. _mÌ Varhr hm lr_hmamOm§À`m e¡j{UH$ H$m`m©Mm "na_moƒ q~Xy' Amho Ago åhUVm `oUma Zmhr, EdT>o _moR>o H$m_ VoWo ^{dî`mV lr_hmamOM H$adyZ KoUma AmhoV Agm Ë`m§À`m {eî`JUm§Mm {dœmg Amho. 172 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

lr_hmamOm§Zr Q´>ñQ>À`m O{_ZrVyZ EH$ ßcm°Q> doJim H$mTy>Z VoWo EH$ B_maV ~m§Ycr. Ë`m B_maVrV AmO g~-nmoñQ> Am°{\$g Amho. VoWoM VcmR>r Am°{\$g, J«m_n§Mm`V H$m`m©c`, nmocrg AmD$Q> nmoñQ> `mH$[aVm ì`dñWm Ho$cocr Amho. _moH$mQ>, CZmS> OZmdam§Mm Ìmg H$moH$UmV \$ma AgVmo. Q´>ñQ>Mr eoVrdmS>r n¸$s ~§Xmo~ñVmV Agcr Var ~mH$s J«m_ñWm§Zm `m Ìmgm_wio CÝhmir ^mOrnmcm qH$dm {nHo$ KoVm `oV ZgV åhUyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr H$m|S>dmS>m ~m§YyZ J«m_n§Mm`VrÀ`m Vmã`mV {Xcm. Ë`mMà_mUo Jwam§Mm XdmImZm d newd¡ÚH$ VÁkm§gmR>r {ZdmgñWmZ ~m§Yco. J«m_ñWm§Zm, eoVH$ar dJm©cm Á`m gaH$mar `§ÌUm§Mr JaO AgVo, Aem Jmoï>r JmdmV EH$mM H|$X«ñWmZr CncãY H$ê$Z {Xë`mg Vo gdmªZmM gmoBñ© H$a nS>V.o lr_hmamOm§Zr ho 25-30 dfmªndy u Ho$co Am{U AmVm JmdmoJmdr "J«m_ g{Mdmc`' ~m§YÊ`mg àmoËgmhZ XoD$Z gaH$ma Ë`m§MoM AZwH$aU H$arV Amho. AmOÀ`m, J«m_rU ^mJmV gwê$ Agcoë`m AZoH$ gaH$mar `moOZm nm{hë`mda ho cjmV `oVo H$s Aem Jmoï>r lr_hmamOm§Zr \$ma nyduM, ñdV:À`m qh_Vrda, H$moUË`mhr gaH$mar AZwXmZm{edm` Ho$ë`m AmhoV. S>oadU Am{U AmOy~mOyÀ`m JmdmV nmÊ`mMo \$ma Xw{^©j Amho. JmdmVyZ H$mí`nr ZXr dmhVo; na§Vw CÝhmù`mV Vr H$moaS>r nS>Vo. nmdgmim g§nVmZm `m ZXrda Q´>ñQ>À`m O{_ZrcJV dg§V ~§Ymam ~m§YyZ nmUr AS>{dÊ`mg lr_hmamOm§Zr àoaUm {Xcr. VargwÕm M¡Ì _{hÝ`mV JmdmVrc {d{har AmQy>Z OmV. Anwè`m nmUrnwadRçm_wio AñdÀN> nmÊ`mMm dmna ZmBcmOmZo ìhm`Mm, Ë`mVyZ _J Zmê$, ËdMmamoJ `m§Mm Ìmg ìhm`Mm. lr_hmamOm§Zr Q´>ñQ>V\}$ XmoZ Q±H$g©_YyZ `m Jmdm§Zm _mo\$V nmUrnwadR>m gwê$ Ho$cm. S>oadUnmgyZ 22-23 {H$._r.A§Vamdarc IoS>uÀ`m E_.Am`.S>r.gr._YyZ ho nmUr IaoXr Ho$co Om`Mo Am{U dmS>r-dmS>rda OmD$Z gw_mao 35 {R>H$mUr XaamoO nmUrdmQ>n Ho$co Om`Mo. AOyZhr ho H$m`© gmVË`mZo Mmcy Amho. _mÌ AmVm Am§~oVImoc YaUmVyZ nmUr AmUco OmVo. `m nmUrnwadR>çmMm Ñî` n[aUm_ åhUOo Zmê$ amoJmMo `m ^mJmVyZ CÀMmQ>Z Pmco. S>moŠ`mda h§S>o KoD$Z nmÊ`mgmR>r _¡cmoZ²_¡c Xmhr {Xem {\$aUmè`m _mVm^{JZtMo hmc lr_hmamOm§À`m `m H$m`m©_wio H$_r Pmco. gaH$maZo gwê$ Ho$cocr nmUrnwadR>m `moOZm AZoH$ df©o Yyi ImV nSy>Z hmoVr. Q´>ñQ>Zo OmoaXma nmR>nwamdm Ho$ë`m_wio, _mM© 1993 nmgyZ `m `moOZoMo nmUr J«m_ñWm§Zm {_iy cmJco Amho. H$mí`nr ZXrda S>oadU J«m_n§Mm`V Xadfu gmH$d (cmH$S>r nm`CVma nyc) ~m§YV Ago. AZoH$Xm Vmo EoZ nmdgmù`mVM dmhÿZ Om`Mm. _J nwT>rc dfm©{edm` Vmo ~m§Ycm Om`Mm Zmhr, åhUOo Cd©[aV nmdgmù`mV cmoH$m§Mo hmc ìhm`Mo. lr_hmamOm§Zr VoWo H$m±H«$sQ>Mm n¸$m nm`CVma nyc ~m§Ycm Am{U gdmªMr H$m`_Mr gmo` Ho$cr. lr_hmamOm§Zr EImXo ~m§YH$m_ Ho$co H$s Vo H$m`_ñdê$nr, {Q>H$mD$, _O~yVM Agm`Mo; Ë`mMà_mUo EImÚm g_ñ`odarc Cnm`hr VgoM H$m`_ñdê$nr AgV. nydu H$moH$UmV H|$~imê$ (JdVmZo emH$maUr Ho$cocr) Kao AgV. AZdYmZmZo CS>mcoë`m EImÚm {R>UJrZo jUmV Ka ^ñ_gmV ìhm`Mo. CÝhmù`mV Xadfu Aem XmoZ-Mma KQ>Zm ìhm`À`mM. VgoM Bh na gwIr.. / 173

N>namMr emH$maUr Xadfu H$amdr cmJm`Mr. ho dma§dma IMm©Mo Am{U H$ï>mMo H$m_ Ago. lr_hmamOm§Zr ho {MÌ ~Xcm`Mo R>a{dco. Q´>ñQ>V\}$ eoH$S>mo JmoaJ[a~m§Zm _mo\$V H$m¡co nwa{dcr, `m `moOZoMm \$m`Xm S>oadU, Hw$S>n, gmdS>}, hS>H$Ur, Viga, XwJ©dmS>r, Hw$Q>ao, nmcdU, AmJdo, Q>oad, H$mOaH$m|S>, H$mog~r, \w$ê$g AmXr JmdmVrc JaOy J«m_ñWm§Zr KoVcm. "_mJoc Ë`mcm H$m_' hr Q´>ñQ>Zo A§_cmV AmUcocr KmofUm \$ma _hÎdmH$m§jr hmoVr. A§_cmV AmUm`cm \$ma H$R>rU hmoVr. na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Zm JmoaJar~ OZVocm Xm[aÐç Am{U AkmZ `mVyZ _wº$ H$am`Mo hmoVo Am{U Vohr Img Ë`m§À`m Aem nÕVrZo. eoVH$ar g_mOmcm eoVr{df`H$ H$m_mVM Jw§VdyZ Ë`m§Zm amoOJma CncãY H$ê$Z Úm`Mm Am{U Ë`m{Z{_ÎmmZo eoVr {H$\$m`Vera hmoÊ`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ AgUmao Zdo V§ÌkmZ, Zì`m nÕVr Ë`m§Zm {eH$dm`À`m, Ë`m§À`m OrdZmer {ZJ{S>>V Aem {d{dY g_ñ`m gmoS>{dÊ`mgmR>r _yc^yV Aem joÌmV (CXm. nmUrnwadR>m, d¥jmamonU, d¥jg§dY©Z) Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>ZM H$m_o H$ê$Z ¿`m`Mr, T>mgiVm n`m©daUmMm Vmoc gm§^mim`Mm Aem doJdoJù`m Jmoï>r gmÜ` H$aÊ`mgmR>r lr_hmamOm§Zr hr `moOZm gwê$ Ho$cr. `m `moOZo_wio XrS>-XmoZeo cmoH$m§Zm Q´>ñQ>_Ü`o amoOJma CncãY Pmcm. nJma {Z`{_VnUo Xa gmo_dmar MwH$Vm Ho$cm OmV hmoVm. Ë`m_wio `m cmoH$m§À`m OrdZmV ñW¡`© Amco. ì`gZmYrZVm, H$O©~mOmarnUm H$_r Pmcm. eham§H$S>o Ho$di nmoQ>mgmR>r hmoUmao ñWcm§Va Wm§~co. gwVma, cmohma, Hw§$^ma Aem ~cwVoXmam§Zm Amnco ì`dgm` Amnë`mM JmdmV Mmcy R>odUo eŠ` Pmco. IoS>o ñd`§nyU© hmoÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo _hÎdmMo H$m`© `m `moOZoImcr H$aÊ`mV Amco. `m `moOZoV Q´>ñQ>À`m AmdmamMr ~m§Y~§{XñVr, H$di VmoS>Ê`mnmgyZ Vo ^mV PmoSy>Z, gm\$ H$ê$Z, dmidyZ JmoUrV ^ê$Z R>odÊ`mn`ªVMr gd© H$m_o, JmB©-~¡cm§Mo g§JmonZ, {d{har ImoXUo, XJS> \$moS>Uo, O{_Zr g_nmVirV Am{U cmJdS>r`mo½` H$aUo, JdV H$mnyZ JmgS>çm ~m§YyZ JmoXm_mV gmR>dyZ R>odUo, ~§Ymao ~m§YUo, Aer AZoH$ H$m_o H$aÊ`mV Amcr. CËnmXH$ H$m_o gwê$ Ho$ë`m_wio IM© Ho$cocm n¡gm gËH$maUrM cmJcm. AmOH$mc CËnmXH$ eoVH$è`mcm `mo½` ^md {_iyZ Ë`mÀ`m hmVr amoI n¡gm `mdm Am{U Vmo Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm gj_ ìhmdm åhUyZ h_r ^md XoD$Z gaH$mar `§ÌUm Ë`mMo CËnmXZ {dH$V KoVo. lr_hmamOm§Zr S>oadU n[agamVrc eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z JdV, H$di (eoVmV am~ ^mOÊ`mgmR>r VmoS>coë`m AmBZ, qH$Oi Aem PmS>m§À`m \$m§Úm§À`m _moù`m) Aem Jmoï>r Q´>ñQ>gmR>r H$moUË`mhr àH$maMr Amdí`H$Vm ZgVmZmhr IaoXr H$aÊ`mMr nÕV gwê$ Ho$cr. ho AZmdí`H$ JdV, H$di H$mhr Cn`moJ Zgë`mZo Z§Va Ë`mMr OmiyZ {dëhodmQ> cmdmdr cmJo; na§Vw Varhr eoVH$è`m§À`m hmVr n¡gm nS>mdm (Am{U Vmo _XV åhUyZ dmQy>Z eoVH$è`mcm EoXr ~Zdy Z`o), åhUyZ lr_hmamO EdT>m "Ðm{dS>r àmUm`m_' H$arV AgV. Vm§~S>o ^monio, H$mohmio, Vder (OyZ _moR>çm AmH$mamÀ`m H$mH$S>çm) qc~o, Am§~o, {M~wS> (Ia~wOmgmaIo H$moH$Ur \$i) Aem Jmoï>rhr eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z _wÔm_ `mo½` ^md XoD$Z IaoXr H$aÊ`mV `oV AgV. `m Jmoï>rMm n[aUm_ Agm Pmcm H$s, gmdS>}, {MniyU JmdmV ì`dhmamV n¡emMo A{^gaU dmTy>Z 174 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

CÚmoJY§Úmcm MmcZm {_imcr. hr dmT> CËnmXH$ hmoVr, H¥${Ì_ ZìhVr, Ë`m_wio Vr g_mOmgmR>r {hVH$maH$ R>acr. `m `moOZoÛmao EImÚm _yc^yV g§H$ënZoMr emñÌewÕ nÕVrZo A§_c~OmdUr H$er H$amdr `mMo AmXe© CXmhaU lr_hmamOm§Zr g_mOmÀ`m CÕmamgmR>r PQ>Umè`m Vi_irÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªg_moa R>odco. Q´>ñQ> Xadfu Jar~ eoVH$è`m§Zm {dZm_yë` qH$dm EH$ V¥Vr`m§e qH$_VrV Km|JS>çm§Mo dmQ>n H$aVmo. Á`m§À`mH$S>o Mmam-nmÊ`mMr gmo` Amho, na§Vw Jm`r-~¡c IaoXr H$aÊ`mMr EonV Zmhr Aem eoVH$è`m§Zm Q´>ñQ>V\}$ _mo\$V Jm`r-~¡c {Xco OmVmV. gaH$maZo g§H$arV OZmdam§À`m n¡Xmercm àmoËgmhZ {Xco. Ë`m_wio IoS>monmS>r Xoer d§emÀ`m Jm`r {XgoZmem Pmë`m. g§H$[aV Jm`r-~¡cm§À`m JwUm_Ü`ohr ÌwQ>r AmhoVM. Voìhm Xoer d§e dmM{dÊ`mgmR>r lr_hmamOm§Zr H$mR>odmS>r, gwaVr, Jra OmVrÀ`m Jm`r Am{U diy _wÔm_ OmonmgZm H$ê$Z dmT>{dco. AmO S>oadUÀ`m JmoR>çmVyZ Ë`m§À`mM d§emnmgyZ {dñVmacoco {dnwc JmoYZ Zm§XV Amho. `m JmoYZmMo XmZ H$aVmZm, eoVH$è`mH$Sy>Z M¸$ ñQ>°ånnonada {chÿZ KoÊ`mV `oB© H$s H$moUË`mhr n[apñWVrV hr OZmdao H$gm`mÀ`m XmamV OmUma ZmhrV. ^mH$S> OZmdao H$gm`mcm {dH$Ê`mÀ`m ñdmWu d¥ÎmrMm lr_hmamOm§Zm AË`§V {VQ>H$mam hmoVm. Vo åhUV, ""OZmdao {Zén`moJr Pmcr åhUyZ Vwåhr Ë`m§Zm H$gm`mcm {dHy$ cmJcmV Va CÚm åhmVmanUr, Vw_À`m _wcm§Zr Vwåhmcm VmoM Ý`m` cmdUo `mo½` R>ac o !'' S>ao dUÀ`m JmoR>çmV Aem ^mH$S> JmB© _aon`ªV H¥$VkVmnydH© $ gm§^micoë`m hmoË`m. Q´>ñQ>V\}$, Q´>ñQ>À`m eoVmV {nH$cocm Vm§Xyi JmdH$è`m§Zm H$_r qH$_VrV {Xcm OmVmo. dfm©VyZ Mma gUm§À`m doir Voc Am{U gmIa, aoeZnojmhr H$_r ^mdmZo XoÊ`mV `oVo. dfm©VyZ XmoZ doim, J«m_ñWm§Zm {dZm_yë` H$nS>o XoÊ`mV `oVmV. AJXr Jar~mKaMo c¾ Agco Varhr Ë`mcm _Ur-_§JigyÌ, gmS>rMmoir, OodUmdi Ago IM© An[ahm`© AgVmV Am{U EdT>o n¡go C^o H$aÊ`mMo XmoZM _mJ© eoVH$è`mnwT>o AgVmV. EH$ Va O{_ZrMm VwH$S>m AJa PmS>o_mS>o {dH$Uo qH$dm H$O© H$mT>Uo. XmoÝhr Jmoï>r Ë`mÀ`m ÑîQ>rZo gma»`mM Anm`H$maH$. Ho$di c¾mÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo eoVH$ar H$O©~mOmar hmoD$Z Ë`mMr _mZ gmdH$mar \$mgmV AS>Hy$ Z`o åhUyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr AZoH$ Jar~ Hw$Qw>§~m§Zm c¾mgmR>r _XV Ho$br. S>oadUÀ`m ImcÀ`m ~wÕdmS>rVrc {d{harMo H$m_ n¡emA^mdr Anwao am{hco hmoVo. Ë`m dmS>rVrc gmoZy gmd§V Am{U XodOr gmd§V `m§Zr ho AnyU© H$m_ nyU© H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMr lr_hmamOm§Zm {dZ§Vr Ho$cr. Voìhm lr_hmamOm§Zr Q´>ñQ>À`m _XVrVyZ Vr {dhra ~m§YyZ nyU© Ho$cr. {X. 7 OyZ 1982 À`m nÌmV dmS>rVrc J«m_ñWm§Zr åhQ>co Amho, ""Am_À`mH$Sy>Z ho H$m_ nyU© Pmco ZgVo. na§Vw Am_Mm ^JdmZ ~wÕ Amnë`m ê$nmZo C^m am{hcm. Am_Mm ^amogm d {dœmg Amnë`mdaM Amho.'' daÀ`m ~m¡ÕdmS>rgmR>r gwÕm ~moAar§J _mê$Z, Q>mH$s ~m§YyZ nmÊ`mMr gmo` H$aÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm {dMma hmoVm; na§Vw H$mhr ZVÐï> cmoH$m§À`m Mm§Jë`m H$m_mV Imo KmcÊ`mÀ`m d¥Îmr_wio ho H$m_ nyU© hmoD$ eH$co Zmhr. J«m_ñWm§Zm Mm§Jcr Amamo½` godm {_imdr, Ë`mgmR>r S>oadU `oWo Mm§Jco hm°pñnQ>c ìhmdo hm Bh na gwIr.. / 175

lr_hmamOm§Mm Ü`mg hmoVm. na§Vw Ë`mgmR>r ^a^¸$_ Am{W©H$ nmR>~ihr Amdí`H$ hmoVo. gwédmVrÀ`m H$mimV Vo nwaoem à_mUmV CnbãY ZìhVo. AZoH$ `moOZm lr_hmamO H$m`m©pÝdV H$arV hmoVo Am{U Ë`mM doir {hVeÌy§À`m H$madm`m§Zmhr Vm|S> XoV _mJ© H$mT>rV nwT>o OmV hmoVo. Ë`m_wio àW_ AmR>dS>çmVyZ XmoZ doim (_§Jidma Am{U ewH«$dma) Q´>ñQ>Zo é½U VnmgUrgmR>r EH$m S>m°ŠQ>am§Mr _mZYZ XoD$Z {Z`wº$s Ho$cr. Xwnmar XrS> Vo VrZ `m doimV ho S>m°ŠQ>a Q´>ñQ>À`m XdmImÝ`mV é½Um§Zm Am¡fYmonMma H$arV. gZ 1991 nmgyZ Q´>ñQ>À`m XdmImÝ`mV {Zdmgr S>m°ŠQ>am§Mr Zo_UyH$ H$ê$Z 24 Vmg d¡ÚH$r` godm gwê$ H$aÊ`mV Ambr. lr_hmamOm§Zm Amamo½`joÌmV _moR>o H$m_ H$am`Mo hmoVo. gZ 1986À`m 25, 26, 27 OmZodmarcm _moR>o Hw$Qw>§~ {Z`moOZ {e~ra, Q´>ñQ> Am{U {Oëhm eë`{M{H$ËgH$ S>m°.H$mocdoH$a Am{U {Oëhm Amamo½` A{YH$mar S>m°.AÎmma `m§À`m g§`wº$ à`ËZmZo hmoUma hmoVo. `m {e{~amMo lo` {_iyZ Q´>ñQ>Mr OZ_mZgmVrc à{V_m A{YH$ C§MmdUma hmoVr, åhUyZ lr_hmamOm§À`m {damoYH$m§Zr VËH$mcrZ Amamo½`_§Ìr ^mB© gmd§V `m§À`m _XVrZo Vo {e{~aM hmoD$ {Xco Zmhr. hr h{H$H$V ~mamì`m àH$aUmV {dñVmamZo Ambr AmhoM. àË`j Amamo½`_§ÌrM Q´>ñQ>À`m Amamo½`{df`H$ `moOZm§Zm Am{U H$m`m©cm {damoY H$am`cm C^o R>mH$ë`mda lr_hmamOm§Zr Amncr ^ì` é½Umc` ~m§YÊ`mMr `moOZm ñW{JV Ho$cr. Varhr Q´>ñQ>À`m XdmImÝ`mV eŠ` Vo CnMma H$aÊ`mV `oV hmoVoM; na§Vw JaO nS>ë`mg é½Umcm Q´>ñQ>À`m dmhZmVyZ doi-H$mi Z nmhmVm, {MniyU, H$amS>, _§w§~B© Aem {R>H$mUr _moR>çm hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o ZoÊ`mV `oV hmoVo. `m Q´>ñQ>À`m XdmImÝ`mV amoO E|er-ZìdX é½U CnMma KoV hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Mo é½Umc`m{df`rMo ñdßZ {X. 1 \o$~«wdmar 1996 amoOr "^º$loð> H$_cmH$an§V c. dmcmdcH$a é½Umc` d amoJ{ZXmZ H|$Ð' `m A{V^ì` Am{U gwg‚m é½Umc`mÀ`m ê$nmZo gmH$ma Pmco. ho é½Umc` _moR>çm ehamVrc n§MVmam§{H$V é½Umc`mV Agcoë`m gd© gmoB,© S>ao dUgma»`m N>mQo >çm JmdmV Aën XamV CncãY H$ê$Z XoV Amho. 200 ImQ>m§À`m `m é½Umc`mV ñnm`ab gr.Q>r.ñH°$Z, S>m`{cgrg, Am`.gr.`y., ZdOmV {eey {d^mJ, ãcS> ~±H$, n°Wm°cm°Or c°~ Aem gd© gmo`r AmhoV. Zg}g Q´>qo ZJ g|Q>a, nr.Or.S>r.E_.Ec.Q>r.H$mog© Ago {ejUH«$_hr `oWo gwê$ H$aÊ`mV Amco AmhoV. Q>mQ>m _o_mo[aAc g|Q>a, _w~§ B© `m§À`m ghH$m`m©Zo H°$Ýga{df`r CnMmaH|$Ð `oWo gwê$ Pmco Amho. hOmamo é½U VoWo CnMma KoD$Z ~ao hmoV AmhoV. Ë`m_Ü`o H$moH$UmVrc cmoH$ Va ~hþg§»`oZo AmhoVM, na§Vw XyaXyaÀ`m {R>H$mUmhÿZ é½U `m é½Umc`mMm cm^ KoÊ`mgmR>r `oV AmhoV. `m é½Umc`mMr H$sVu AmVm gmVmg_wÐmnma OmD$Z AZoH$ Xoer, naXoer S>mŠ° Q>g© `oWo godm^mdr d¥ÎmrZo `oD$Z H$m_ H$arV AmhoV. é½Umc`mMo AmOMo ñdê$n ho ImgM lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m _ZüjyZ§ r nm{hboë`m {MÌmgmaIoM ^ì` {Xì` Amho. D D D

176 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

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Ambo. lr.n.H$.OmoetMo _yi Jmd "~gUr' Amho ho g_Oë`mda lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§À`m d{S>cm§Mr åhUOo H$_cmH$aemñÌtMr AmR>dU H$mT>br. {edm` Ë`m§À`mer Agcoco ZmVog§~§Y lr.n.H$.Omoer `m§Zm gm§{JVco. Ë`m§À`m H$m`m©cm ^aKmog _XV {Xcr. ^anya àmoËgmhZ {Xco. Amnë`m Hw$cmMr gw_mao 10-12 {nT>çm§Mr g§JVdma _m{hVr {Xcr. àH$meZ g_ma§^mÀ`m doir lr_hmamOm§Mm gËH$ma H$aÊ`mMr Hw$cd¥Îmm§V g{_VrMr BÀN>m hmoVr, na§Vw Ë`mZr Vr Z_«nUo ZmH$macr. lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""_mPo gX²Jwê$ lr~m~m _hmamO `m§À`m àoaUo_wioM Vw_À`m H$m`m©cm _r CUrA{YH$ _XV H$ê$ eH$cmo. Ë`mV _mPm gh^mJ `pËH¨${MVhr Zmhr, Ë`mMo gd© lo` lr~m~m§Mo. Ë`m_wio _mPm gËH$ma H$ê$Z KoÊ`mV _cm ñdmañ` Zmhr. lr~m~m§À`m Amerdm©XmZo Vw_Mm g_ma§^ CÎm_ hmoB©c !'' `m àH$meZ g_ma§^mÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo Hw$cd¥Îmm§V g{_Vrcm `mhr doir ^aKmog XoUJr lr_hmamOm§Zr {Xcr; na§Vw H$moR>ohr Zm_mo„oI Z H$aÊ`mÀ`m AQ>rda. nwT>o àË`oH$s XrS>eo én`o _yë`mÀ`m Hw$cd¥Îmm§VmÀ`m AS>Vrg àVr IaoXr H$ê$Z nwÝhm EH$Xm Ë`m§Zr Hw$cd¥Îmm§V g{_Vrcm Amü`m©Mm gwIX Y¸$m {Xcm. {edm` Ë`m AS>Vrg àVr _§{XamV AmUÊ`mMo [ajm^mS>o åhUyZ AmUIr e§^a én`o XoD$ H$ê$ cmJco. lr.n.H$.Omoer g§H$moMyZ Vo n¡go KoÊ`mg H$m§-Hy$ H$ê$ cmJco, Voìhm Vw_À`m _wcm§Zm ImD$gmR>r ho n¡go {Xco AmhoV Ago g_Om Ago gm§JyZ, [ajm^mS>ohr g{_VrÀ`m A§Jmda nSy> Z`o åhUyZ Vo n¡go lr_hmamOm§Zr lr.n.H$.OmoetÀ`m hmVr R>odco. `m àg§JmMm H$igmÜ`m` Va nwT>oM hmoVm. lr_hmamOm§Zr `mnwT>o H$moUË`m `moOZm AmhoV Ago lr.n.H$.OmoetZm {dMmaco. Ë`m§Zr JaOy {dÚmWr© Am{U {ZamYma d¥Õm§gmR>r H$m`© H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo "_hfu em§{S>ë` à{Vð>mZ'À`m ñWmnZog§~§Yr OwidmOwid Mmcy Amho Ago gm§{JVco. ""AOyZ Ë`mcm _yV© ñdê$n Amcoco Zmhr, _mÌ nyd©V`mar hmoVmM _r AmnUmg nwÝhm ^oQ>oZ,'' Ago lr.n.H$.Omoer åhUVmhoV EdT>çmV lr_hmamOm§Mr Ñï>r D$Üdm©H$S>o Jocr. H$mhr doi lr_hmamO gyú_mV V„rZ Pmë`mgmaIo ñVãY, g_mYr AdñWoV ~gco Am{U Z§Va nwÝhm ^mZmda `oD$Z ~mocy cmJco, ""AmÎmm lr~m~m§Zr _cm AmXoe {Xcm Amho H$s, Vw_À`m {Z`mo{OV Ý`mgmcm hmV^ma cmdmdm. Vo gd©k AmhoV. VoM H$V} H$a{dVo! _r Ho$di Zm__mÌ, Ë`m§À`m AmkoMo nmcZ H$aUmam !'' Ago åhUyZ lr_hmamO AmV CRy>Z Joco Am{U WmoS>çm doimZo ~mhoa Amco, Voìhm gmo~V EH$ godH$ hmoVm. Ë`mZo EH$ V~H$ lr.n.H$.Omoetg_moa R>odco. V~H$mV e§^amÀ`m EH$ hOma ZmoQ>m ì`dpñWVarË`m R>odcoë`m hmoË`m. lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""hm lr~m~m§Mm àgmX Amho. Ë`mMm ñdrH$ma H$am.'' gZ 1985 À`m, am_Zd_r {Xder KS>coë`m Ë`m àg§JmMo dU©Z H$aVmZm lr.n.H$.OmoetZr gm§{JVco, ""_mPo _cmM g_OoZm, Oo KS>V§` Vo gË` Amho H$s Am^mg ? Am`wî`mV H$Yrhr hmVmicr Zmhr qH$dm nm{hcrhr Zmhr EdT>r _moR>r a¸$_ ~KyZ _mÂ`m A§Jmcm H§$n gwQ>cm, nm` cQ>nQy> cmJco. _mÂ`m S>moù`m§VyZ Aly dmhÿ cmJco. Vm|S>mVyZ eãX \w$Q>oZmV. lr_hmamOm§À`m MaUr ZV_ñVH$ hmoD$Z _r 178 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

_Q>H$Z Imcr ~gcmo. Ë`m§Zr _mPr hr AdñWm AmoiIcr. godH$mH$adr _mÂ`m Jim{nedrV Ë`m ZmoQ>m ZrQ> ^a{dë`m Am{U {Z`mo{OV Ý`mgmcm ew^oÀN>m XoD$Z _cm {Zamon {Xcm.'' lr_hmamOm§Zr doJdoJù`m g§ñWm§Zm Am{U ì`º$s¨Zm doJdoJù`m àg§Jr Ajae: cjmdYr én`m§Mr _XV Ho$cr. Ë`m g§ñWm§À`m Am{U ì`º$s¨À`m H$m`m©À`m H$jm Am{U ñdê$n doJdoJio hmoVo. Ym{_©H$ joÌmV H$m_ H$aUmè`m g§ñWm§à_mUoM gm_m{OH$ joÌmV H$m_ H$aUmè`m g§ñWm§Zmhr lr_hmamOm§Zr _XV Ho$cr. Jar~ {dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r Á`mà_mUo Amnë`m _XVrMm hmV nwT>o Ho$cm Ë`mMà_mUo H$cmd§V, {dÛmZ, g_mOgodH$ Aem§Zmhr Ë`m§À`m joÌmV gwIoZ¡d H$m_ H$aVm `mdo åhUyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Mr nmR>amIU Ho$cr. `m XmV¥Ëdm_mJMr lr_hmamOm§Mr ^y{_H$m H$m` hmoVr ? "lrg§V grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a M°[aQ>~o c Q´>ñQ>'V\}$ àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mV Amcoë`m {Vgè`m ñ_a{UHo$V ""_mZdmÀ`m H$ë`mUmgmR>r'' `m erf©H$mImcr lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnco {dMma gyÌê$nmZo _m§S>co AmhoV. ""Amnco ^maV gaH$ma ho {ZY_u Amho. _mZdY_m©cm d _mZdr OrdZmÀ`m emœVVocm, emar[aH$ d _mZ{gH$ CÞVrcm _mZdr Y_©gñ§ H$ma Amdí`H$ AmhoV; na§Vw Amnco {ZY_u gaH$ma Vo H$aUma Zmhr. Ë`m_wio _mZdr Y_m©Mr {Ma§VZ d gZmVZ _yë`o g_mOmgmR>r H$moUr OVZ H$am`Mr d Ë`m§Mr {eH$dU OZVocm H$moUr Úm`Mr hm Iam àý Amho. gaH$ma Oar {ZY_u Agco Var H|$Ð gaH$manmgyZ J«m_n§Mm`Vrn`ªV Vo doJdoJir _mUgoM Mmc{dVmV. Ë`m _mUgm§Zm _mZdr Y_m©Mr gZmVZ d {MañWm`r _yë`o H$m` AmhoV ho Ho$di H$icoco AgyZ MmcUma Zmhr Va Vr Ë`m§Zr A§JrH$macocr AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Ý`m`, ZrVr, Y_©, {ZîH$m_ H$_©, _mZdr H$m`Xo, amOZrVr, g_mOemñÌ, AÝ` AZoH$ Amdí`H$ emñÌo `m§Mo g§nyU© kmZ cmoH$emhr Mmc{dUmè`m ì`º$s¨Zm g§nyU©arË`m AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. ho kmZ XoÊ`mMo H$m_ _mZdr OrdZ gwIH$a H$aÊ`mgmR>r PQ>Umè`m d _mZdmcm Iè`m _mZdY_m©Mr AmoiI H$ê$Z XoUmè`m Ym{_©H$ g§ñWm§Zr hmVr KoUo Oéar Amho. gZmVZ _mZdY_m©Mr _yë`o A~m{YV AmhoV d Vr Zoh_r A~m{YVM am{hcr nm{hOoV. gaH$mar gÎmmg§nH$m©Zo Vr JTyi hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho, åhUyZ gaH$mar gÎmoMm ñne© `m {Ma§VZ _yë`m§Zm hmoD$ XoVm H$m_m Z`o. Omo ñdY_m©Mma {Zð>oZo H$aVmo Ë`mcm gd© Y_mªMo A§{V_ Ü`o` ho na_mË_mñdê$n Xe©Z åhUOoM gmjmËH$ma hoM AgyZ VoM na_moƒ gwImMo gmYZ Amho ho nyUn© Uo nQ>Vo d Ë`mcm {dœY_m©Mr Ñï>r àmá hmoVo Am{U AÜ`mË__mJm©darc Ë`mMr {Zð>m ÑT>mdVo. AÜ`mË_mVrc `moJgmYZm gd©gmYmaU g§gmar _mUgmcm g§gmar OrdZ OJV AgVmZm gmÜ` H$ê$Z KoUo AË`§V H$R>rU AgVo, H$maU g§gmar _mUgmcm Eo{hH$ gwImMr cmcgm AgVo Am{U åhUyZ g§gmar _mUgmcm H$_©`moJM {eH${dUo Amdí`H$ Amho. na§Vw hm H$_©`moJ AmMaUmV AmUÊ`mgmR>r _mUyg hm ì`mdhm[aH$X¥îQ>çm WmoS>mgm Var gwIr Agcm nm{hOo, VaM Ë`mMo {MÎm em§V amhrc d Vmo H$_©`moJmMma H$aÊ`mg qH$dm AÜ`mË_mMr gmYZm H$aÊ`mg `mo½` hmoB©c. `mgmR>r g_mOmVrc àË`oH$ ì`º$scm ewÕ AmMma, ewÓ {dMma, ewÕ gmpÎdH$ kmZ, ewÕ YZXmZ dóXmZ.. / 179

Cƒma ho gd© {eH${dUo d gËH$_©àd¥Îm H$aUo OéarMo Amho. g_mO hm ì`º$s-ì`º$s¨Mm ~Zcocm Agë`m_wio ì`º$s gwg§ñH$m[aV Pmcr H$s g_mOhr gwg§ñH$m[aV hmoB©c. g_mOmcm ho gd© {eH$dÊ`mgmR>r Y_©{Zanoj d {Z:ñdmWu Aem g§ñWm Am{U Ë`mVyZ ñdmW©Ë`mJr Am{U {ZîH$m_ H$_©`moJr, godmY_©nam`U _mUgo V`ma hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Aer _mUgo V`ma H$aUo hoM Q´>ñQ>Mo Ü`o` Amho. Y_m©Mr gwédmV Am{U Y_©_§{XamMr ñWmnZm àW_V: _mZdmÀ`m öX`mV hmoV AgVo Am{U Ë`m _§{XamMm nm`m nmoQ>mV AgVmo. ^JdmZ ì`mg _hfu åhUVmV, "AeZ§ dgZ§ dmg: `ofm§ M¡dmì`dpñWV_² Ÿ& _JYoZ g_mH$mer J§Jmß`§Jmadm{hZr &&' åhUOo Á`m§Mno mer AÞ, dñÌ, {Zdmam `m§Mr gmo` Zmhr Ë`m§Zm H$mer Am{U _JY XmoÝhr gmaIoM ! erVc J§JmOc Ë`m§Zm {ZImè`m§à_mUo VmnXm`H$M dmQ>Uma. ^m¡{VH$, Ym{_©H$ dm AmÜ`mpË_H$ Jmoï>tMm hm nm`mM Amho. `m nm`mMm EH$ Var XJS> {ZXmZ ~gdmdm Ago godmd«V lrg§V grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a M°[aQ>~o c Q´>ñQ>Zo A§JrH$maco Amho ho _hÎdmMo Amho.'' åhUOo g_mOmÀ`m gdmªJrU CËWmZmgmR>r à`ËZ H$aUmè`m ì`º$s Am{U g§ñWm `m§Zm _XV H$aUo Am{U g_mOmVrc ì`º$s-ì`º$scm H$_©`moJr ~Z{dÊ`mgmR>r {Vcm ì`mdhm[aH$ÑîQ>çm gwIr H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUo Aem Xwhoar CÔoemZo lr_hmamOm§Mo H$m`© Mmcy hmoVo. Vo Ho$di Ym{_©H$ ZìhVo qH$dm Ym{_©H$ H$m`m©nmgyZ \$Q>Hy$Z amhÿZ MmcUmao gm_m{OH$ H$m`© ZìhVo. Ë`m_Ü`o amOH$maU Va cd_mÌ ZìhVo; na§Vw amOH$s` ^mZ R>odyZ Ho$cocr Ym{_©H$ Am{U gm_m{OH$ H$m_mMr Vr gm§JS> hmoVr. gZ 1984 _Ü`o A_o[aHo$V {\$cmS>opë\$`m ehamV OmJ{VH$ g§ñH¥$V n[afX Pmcr. Ë`m n[afXocm CnpñWV amhÿZ VoWo "emaXm' `m Amnë`m g§ñH¥$V {Z`VH$m{bH$mMo A§H$ X¡{ZH$mÀ`m ñdê$nmV n[afXoÀ`m Mma {Xdgm§À`m H$mimV H$mT>mdoV Aer n§{S>V dg§Vamd JmS>Jri `m nwÊ`mVrc {dÛmZ g§ñH¥$V n§{S>Vm§Mr BÀN>m hmoVr. Vr Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§À`m H$mZr KmcyZ Amerdm©X _m{JVco. lr_hmamOm§Zr Amerdm©X Va {XcoM Am{U da Ë`m§À`m `m A_o[aH$mdmarMm g§nyU© IM© Ë`m§À`m hmVr R>odcm. EH$ aH$_r nmD$U cmI én`o Am{U Vohr Ago AMmZH$, Z _mJVm hmVr nS>ë`mda n§.JmS>JrigwÕm lr.n.H$.Omoetà_mUoM "{Z:g§k' Pmco. AË`§V CËgmhmZo Ë`m§Zr A_o[aH$mdmar nyU© Ho$cr Am{U lr_hmamOm§À`m àoaUo_wio g§ñH¥$V àgmamMo H$m_ H$aUmao Amnco "emaXm' ho nÌ Omo_mZo gwê$ R>odco. 1984 gmcr {S>g|~aAIoa S>oadU `oWo Pmcoë`m `k gmohù`mÀ`m doirhr Ë`m§Zr "emaXm' X¡{ZH$mÀ`m ñdê$nmV, g§ñH¥$V ^mfoVyZ Am{U lr_hmamOm§À`m AmkoZwgma _amR>r AZwdmXmgh àH$m{eV Ho$co. dmamUgr `oWrc OmJ{VH$ g§ñH¥$V n[afX, {X„rMr {dœ qhXr n[afX, OiJmd d am`nya `oWrc _amR>r gm{hË` g§_ocZo, A_o[aH$m Am{U hm°c§S> `oWrc OmJ{VH$ g§ñH¥$V n[afXm Aem gd© àg§Jr g§ñH¥$V X¡."emaXm' àH$m{eV Pmco. lr_hmamOm§Mo XmV¥Ëd Ago àoaUmXm`r Am{U gO©Zerc hmoVo. `mM n§.JmS>Jrim§Zm _moR>m AnKmV hmoD$Z eñÌ{H«$`m H$amdr cmJcr. Ë`m doirhr Ë`m§À`m H$m`m©Mo _hÎd OmUyZ lr_hmamO Ë`m§Zm ^oQ>m`cm é½Umc`mV Joco Am{U CnMmam§gmR>r Ë`m§À`m hmVr nmM hOma 180 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

én`o XoD$Z Amco. lr.gw.J.eodS>o `m§Zmhr AgmM AZw^d Amcm. Owc¡ 1982 _Ü`o A_o[aHo$V cm°g E§Oocrg `oWo Pmcoë`m OmJ{VH$ qhXy n[afXogmR>r lr.eodS>o Joco hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m Xm¡è`mgmR>r lr_hmamOm§Zr ^anya Am{W©H$ gmhmæ` Ho$co hmoVo. OmZodmar 1983 _Ü`o nwÊ`mcm ViOmB© nR>mamda amï´>r` ñd`§godH$ g§KmMo ^ì` {e~ra Pmco hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Zr ñdV: {Zamon nmR>dyZ g§`moOH$m§Zm ~mocmdyZ KoVco Am{U amoI EH$ cmI én`o Am{U H$mhr nmoVr Vm§Xyi IaoXr H$ê$Z Ë`m§À`m hmVr gwnyV© Ho$cm Am{U {e{~amÀ`m `epñdVogmR>r Amerdm©X {Xco. g§KmMm JwéX{jUm g_ma§^hr H$mhr df© _§{XamVrc B_maVrÀ`m hm°c_Ü`o hmoV Ago. XwX£dmZo g§KmÀ`m ñWm{ZH$ nmVirdarc ZoË`m§Zm lr_hmamOm§À`m H$m`m©Mo Am{U g{XÀN>m§Mo AmH$cZ Pmco Zmhr. lr_hmamOm§À`m qhXwËdm{df`r Mmccoë`m IQ>mQ>monmMr ~yO Ë`m§Zm amIVm Amcr Zmhr. Aem AmË__¾ d¥ÎmrVyZM g§KmMr VmH$X jrU hmoV Jocr ho Ë`m§Mohr XwX£d Am{U qhXwËdmMohr. "{edgoZm' qhXwËdmMm ^Jdm P|S>m KoD$Z amOH$s` joÌmV PnmQ>çmZo àJVr H$arV hmoVr. Ë`m doir qhXwËdmÀ`m AmH«$_H$ àMmamgmR>r X¡. gm_Zm gwê$ H$aÊ`mMo R>aco. lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m ^º$m§H$adr H$mhr cmI én`o XoUJrê$nmZo gm_Zm X¡{ZH$mÀ`m C^maUrÀ`m H$mimV Xod{dco. {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m H$mimV {edg¡{ZH$m§Zr N>mVrda A{^_mZmZo cmdmdoV åhUyZ "›' AjamMo hOmamo {~„o H$ê$Z lr_hmamOm§Zr Vo {edgoZoH$S>o nmR>dyZ {Xco hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Zr nwÊ`mVrc ^m§S>maH$a àmÀ`{dÚm {ejU g§ñWocm XmoZ hßË`mV {_iyZ EH$ cmI én`o XoUJr {Xcr Vr VoWo MmcUmè`m g§emoYZH$m`m©Mo _hÎd OmUyZM ! nwÊ`mÀ`mM qhJUo ñÌr {ejU g§ñWm, nwUo {dÚmWu J¥h, nai (_w§~B©) `oWrb lr JmS>Jo _hmamO Y_©emim Aem AZoH$ g§ñWm§_Yrc Mmccoë`m H$m_mMr XIc KoD$Z lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm doimodoir _XV Ho$cr. N>ÌnVr lr{edmOr _hmamO ho Va lr_hmamOm§Mo na_ X¡dV ! H$moR>ohr {edñ_maH$mMo H$m_ Mmcco Agoc Va lr_hmamO Ë`m H$m_mcm h_Img _XV nwadV AgV. nmocmXnya `oWo C^maÊ`mV Amcoë`m lr{edam`m§À`m nwVù`mgmR>r lr_hmamOm§Zr ^aKmog _XV Ho$cr hmoVr. Ë`m nwVù`mgmR>r _moŠ`mMr OmJm lr_hmamOm§ZrM {ZdS>cr hmoVr. H$moWê$S>, nwUo `oWrc lr{edmOr _hmamOm§Mm nwVim C^maVmZmhr lr_hmamOm§Zr _moR>r XoUJr {Xcr hmoVr. Aem AZoH$ {R>H$mUr lr_hmamOm§Zr XoU½`m {Xë`m. nU COì`m hmVmZo Ho$coco XmZ H$mhr S>mì`m hmVmcm g_OV Zgo. H$moR>o ZmdmMr nmQ>r Zmhr, XoUJr{Z{_ÎmmZo gËH$ma ñdrH$maUo Zmhr H$s H$moUVrhr AQ> Zmhr. Ho$di H$m`© _hÎdmMo Am{U _hÎdmÀ`m H$m`m©cm _XV H$aUo ho Amnco H$V©ì` Amho `m ^mdZoVyZM ho gmao Pmco. lr_hmamOm§À`m XmV¥ËdmVyZ AZoH$ _§{Xam§Mm OrUm}Õma Pmcm Am{U AZoH$ Zdr _§{Xao C^r am{hcr. YZXmZ dóXmZ.. / 181

`m_mJo Ho$di Ym{_©H$ lÕoMmM ^mJ ZìhVm Va Ë`mcmhr EH$ gm_m{OH$ n[a_mU Amho. qhXwY_u` CËñ\y$V©nUo g_yhmZo EH$Ì O_Ê`mMo {R>H$mU Ho$di _§{XaM AgVo. gU, g_ma§^, CËgdm§À`m {Z{_ÎmmZo g_mO _§{XamV EH$Ì hmoVmo Am{U `mo½` ZoV¥Ëd {Xco, CnH«$_ercVm am~{dcr Va g§K{Q>>Vhr hmoD$ eH$Vmo. `m g§KQ>ZoMm g_mOmcm Mm§Jcm Cn`moJhr hmoVmo. g_mOmcm _mZdY_m©Mr {eH$dU XoÊ`mMo da C„o{Icoco, lr_hmamOm§Zm A{^àoV Agcoco H$m_ `m Aem Ym{_©H$ g§ñWm§VyZ CÎm_ àH$mao hmoD$ eH$Vo. Ë`mgmR>rM lr_hmamOm§Zr AZoH$ _§{Xam§Zm _XV {Xcr. gmdS>}-S>oadU `m XmoZ Jmdm§V Ago EH$hr _§{Xa Zmhr H$s Á`mcm lr_hmamOm§H$Sy>Z `m Zm Ë`m ê$nmZo gmhmæ` cm^co Zmhr. H$m|S>_ù`mVrc _§{XamÀ`m XwéñVrgmR>r lr_hmamOm§Zr _XV Ho$cr. gmdS>çm©À`m lrXod Ho$XmaZmW _§{XamÀ`m XwéñVrcm cmHy$S> Am{U cmoI§S> nwa{dco. Hw$S>n JmdmVrc hZw_mZ _§{Xamcm ~m§YH$m_mgmR>r _XV {Xcr. gmdS>}-gwd}dmS>r `oWrc ZdrZ _§{Xamcm _XV Ho$cr. S>oadU `oWrc {dÇ>cdmS>r-MìhmUdmS>rVrc lr{dÇ>c _§{Xa lr_hmamOm§Zr ~m§YyZ {Xco. lr Xod Ho$Xma~mOr Am{U _mZmB© Xodr `m XmoÝhr Xodim§Mm OrUm}Õma g§nyU©nUo lr_hmamOm§Zr Ho$cm. ^modVr XJS>r H§$nmD§$S> ~m§YyZ {Xco. XodmMr _§S>nr ZdrZ ~Z{dcr. `m _§S>nrÀ`m Im§~mda ~marH$ ZjrH$m_ Ho$coco Amho. Amdí`H$ VoWo ZdrZ Vwù`m, ~hmco, XadmOo ~g{dbo. _§{XamV \$aer ~g{dcr. nmcIr R>odÊ`mMr ì`dñWm Ho$cr. _§{XamV drO KoVcr. Amdma ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$ H$ê$Z _§{XamV `oÊ`m-OmÊ`mMm añVm Am{U nm`è`m ~m§YyZ H$mT>ë`m. _§{Xamcm Hw$cyn cmdyZ ~§X H$aVm `oB©c Aer gmo` Ho$cr; H$maU IoS>oJmdmVrc ~hþVoH$ _§{Xao ~hþVm§e CKS>rM AgVmV Am{U Ë`m_wio ^Q>H$s Jm`r-Jwao, Hw$Ìr, [aH$m_Q>oH$S>o cmoH$ `m§Mm VoWo Ìmg OmUdVmo. lrXod Ho$Xma~mOrMr nmcIr hmoirÀ`m doir Á`m "ghmUo'da `oVo, Vr ghmU åhUOoM hmoireoOmar Agcocr, nmcIr R>odÊ`mMr M~wVaodOm _moH$ir OmJm, N>Vmcm nÌo Am{U g^modVr cmoI§S>r {J««c cmdyZ ~§{XñV H$ê$Z {Xcr. OmVmOmVm, lr_hmamOm§Mm àË`oH$ Jmoï>rH$S>o nmhmÊ`mMm doJim Agm Ñ{ï>H$moZ g_OyZ KoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. H$moH$UmV àË`oH$ JmdmV \$mëJwZ nm¡{U©_onmgyZ nwT>rc {H$_mZ n§Yam {Xdg nmcIr ghmUoda _w¸$m_mcm AgVo. OdiOdi gd© {R>H$mUr nmcIr CKS>çmda EImÚm VmËnwaË`m C^macoë`m _m§S>dmImcr R>odcocr AgVo Am{U {VÀ`m "ajUmW©' nmM Xhm-OU VoWo {XdgamÌ V¡ZmV AgVmV. nmcIr ghmUoda Agon`ªV `m Zm Ë`m H$m_mgmR>r qH$dm H$m_mÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo AZoH$ cmoH$ Amnbm H$m_Y§Xm gmoSy>Z VoWo a|JmiV AgVmV. Ë`mnojm nmcIrMr OmJm ^¸$_ {J«ëg cmdyZ gwa{jV H$aUo Ho$ìhmhr lo`ñH$aM Amho. na§Vw ho KS>dyZ AmUm`cm _mÌ lr_hmamOm§gmaIm Ðï>mM hdm. lrXod Ho$Xma~mOrOdiÀ`m {ed_§{XamMm OrUm}Õmahr lr_hmamOm§ZrM Ho$cm d lmdU _{hÝ`mV {edqnS>rda R>do Ê`mH$[aVm _wIdQ>m, lrJUnVr, lrhZw_mZ VgoM lrOJX§~M o r n§MYmVyMr _yVuhr {Xcr. lr_hmamOm§À`m BÀN>oZwgma 1990-91 gmcr S>oadU JmdmV lrhZw_mZ _§{Xa Am{U Ë`mcm cmJyZ 182 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Ym{_©H$ H$m`m©H$[aVm EH$ chmZgo g^mJ¥hhr Q´>ñQ>V\}$ ~m§YyZ XoÊ`mV Amco. `m B_maVrOdi EH$ Hy$nZ{cH$m lr_hmamOm§Zr ImoXyZ {Xcr Amho. Ë`m {d{harMo nmUr {d{harda Q>mH$s ~m§YyZ nmB©nZo MìhmUdmS>r-JwOadmS>rVrc cmoH$m§Zm {Xco Amho. lr_hmamOm§À`m àoaUoZo Q´>ñQ>V\}$ 1992 gmcr gmdS>çm©Mo lrXod XÎm _§{Xa Zì`mZo ~m§YZy XoÊ`mV Amco. `m gd© _§{Xam§Mr nyOm d XoI^mc ZrQ> ìhmdr åhUyZ `m _§{Xam§À`m nwOmè`m§Zm Q´>ñQ>V\}$ _mZYZ Am{U ^mV Xa_hm {Xco OmVo. {edm` _§{XamV {Xdm cmdÊ`mgmR>r JmoS>oVoc VgoM CX~ÎmrgwÕm Q´>ñQ>V\}$ Xa_hm {Z`{_VnUo nwa{dcr OmVo. hm gd© Vnerc \$º$ S>oadU-gmdS>} JmdmVrc _§{Xam§À`m g§X^m©V Pmcm. nwÊ`mVrc hao am_ hao H¥$îU nWmdarc e§H$amMo _§{Xa lr_hmamOm§ZrM ~m§YyZ {Xco. YZH$dS>rMo XÎm _§{Xa, Xohÿ H°$ÝQ>moÝ_|Q>_Yrc lrJUnVrMo d XodrMo _§{Xa `m§À`m OrUm}Õmamcm lr_hmamOm§ZrM _moR>o gmhmæ` Ho$coco Amho. "Hw$adnya' ho am`MyaOdi H¥$îUm ZXrÀ`m nmÌm_Ü`o Agcoco lrnmX lrd„^m§Mo ñWmZ. Ë`m ñWmZr OmUo Xe©ZÀo Ny>Z§ m gwc^ ìhmdo åhUyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr VoWo hmoS>rMr ì`dñWm H$ê$Z {Xcr. dO«œo ar `oWrc lrXÎm _§{XamMm OrUm}Õma lr_hmamOm§Zr ñdIMm©Zo Ho$cm. do._y.gào JwéOtZm nmR>dZy VoWo ZdrZ _yVuMr àmUà{Vð>m H$a{dcr. Ë`m g_ma§^mMmhr gd© IM© Ë`m§ZrM Ho$cm. EHy$U VrZ {Xdg Mmccoë`m `m H$m`©H«$_mgmR>r Amnco à{V{ZYr åhUyZ lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~ Am{U lr.~mUmdcr `m§Zm nmR>{dco hmoV.o nmo_|S>r `m lr_hmamOm§À`m OÝ_Jmdr EH$ _hmbú_r _§{Xa Amho. `m _§{XamVM lr_hmH$mbr, lr_hmgañdVr, lrì`mK«m§~ar Am{U lr^ÐmUr `m J«m_XodVm§Mrhr ñWmZo AmhoV. _§{XamÀ`m ì`dñWogmR>r 1957 gmbrM EH$ Q´>ñQ> ñWmnZ Pmbobm hmoVm. _mÌ Vmo \$magm H$m`©aV ZìhVm. `m _§{XamMm OrUm}Õma H$aÊ`mMo 1982 À`m Xaå`mZ R>abo. Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§Zr àW_ ñWm{ZH$ {dœñVm§Zm dJ¡ao hmVr Yê$Z Vmo Q´>ñQ> nwÝhm H$m`m©pÝdV Ho$bm Am{U Ë`m _§{XamMm OrUm}Õma H$ê$Z KoVbm. Ë`mgmR>r bmJUmam {ZYr C^maÊ`mMr ~hþVm§e O~m~Xmar lr_hmamOm§ZrM EH$ hmVr nma nmS>br. nmo_|S>rÀ`m lr.bú_Uamd Omoer, gwaoe Omoer Aem VéU VS>\$Xma bmoH$m§Zm _mJ©Xe©Z Am{U Am{W©H$ _XV nwadyZ Ë`m§Zr _§{XamÀ`m OrUm}ÕmamMo H$m_ VS>rg Zobo. Ë`mMà_mUo nmo_|S>rÀ`m lram_oœa _§{Xambmhr lr_hmamOm§Zr ^anya AW©gmhmæ` Ho$bo Amho. AmOmoiÀ`m gmo_oœa Jmdr lrgmo_oœamÀ`m _§{XamV \$ma nydunmgyZ _hm{edamÌ, JmoHw$imï>_r Ago dm{f©H$ CËgd hmoV AgV. na§Vw ñWm{ZH$ bmoH$m§_Ü`o _V^oX Am{U Xw\$ir {Z_m©U hmoD$Z ho CËgd H$mbm§VamZo ~§X nS>bo hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Zr ñWm{ZH$ bmoH$m§_Yrb _V^oX {_Q>dyZ gm_§Oñ`mMo dmVmdaU {Z_m©U H$ê$Z, ho CËgd nwÝhm gwê$ Ho$bo. Ë`m{edm` lr{edO`§Vr Am{U lrXmgZd_r ho CËgd Zì`mZo gwê$ Ho$bo. AmOn`ªV ho CËgd Aì`mhVnUo Mmby AmhoV. lr_hmamOm§À`m AÞXmZmcm Am{U dñÌXmZmcm Va Ajae: gr_mM ZìhVr Am{U AmOhr lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV Am{U lrjoÌ S>oadU `oWo df©^a {d{dY CËgd, gU, `k-`mJm§À`m {Z{_ÎmmZo hm YZXmZ dóXmZ.. / 183

XmV¥ËdmMm AmoK dmhVM Amho. pñÌ`m§Zm gmS>çm, nwéfm§Zm YmoVao, H$mnS>o, V`ma eQ>©²g àgmX åhUyZ dmQ>Ê`mV `oVmV. Q>m°doëg, emcr, H$n~em, H$mMoMo dmS>Jo, {S>eog `m§Mo g§M {Xdmir, n§Mm`VZ `mJ Aem àg§Jr ^º$OZm§Zm àgmXñdê$n XoÊ`mV `oVmV. `mV chmZ-Wmoa, Jar~-lr_§V hm ^oX `pËH¨${MVhr Zmhr. g_moa `oB©c Ë`mcm Ë`m doir hmVr `oB©c Vr ^oQ> {_iVo. lr_hmamOm§Zm Ë`m§Mo gd©M ^º$JU gmaIo. ^maVmÀ`m n§VàYmZ {Xd§JV lr_Vr B§{Xam Jm§Yr EH$Xm Q´>ñQ>Mo H$m`© nmhmÊ`mgmR>r `oUma hmoË`m åhUyZ EH$ gw§Xa gmS>r Ë`m§Zm ^oQ> XoÊ`mgmR>r AmUÊ`mV Amcr hmoVr. Vr ^oQ> amOH$s` {damoYH$m§À`m jwÐ H$madm`m§_wio aÔ Pmcr. EH$ {Xdg lr_hmamO lr.àgmX V|Sw>cH$am§Zm åhUmco, ""Aao àgmX, AmnU Vr EH$ ^mar gmS>r AmUcr hmoVr Zm, Vr `m {dR>mcm XoD$Z Q>mHy$. Vr Var {~Mmar Mm§Jcr gmS>r dmnaoc !'' hr {dR>m Jwad ZmdmMr _wcJr Q´>ñQ>_Ü`o gm\$g\$mB©À`m H$m_mgmR>r AgVo. `kàg§Jr `oUmè`m ~«÷d¥§Xmcm àË`oH$ doir Zdo gmodio, emc, AmgZ, Vm§ã`m-^m§S>o, CnaUo, YmoVa Aem ^anya dñVy ^oQ> {Xë`m{edm` lr_hmamOm§Mo g_mYmZM hmoV Zgo. nwÊ`mcm W§S>rÀ`m {XdgmV H$m_Jma, godoH$ar Aem gdmªZm lr_hmamO cmoH$arMo ñdoQ>g©, Q>moß`m, _\$ca, Ja_ aJ Aem dñVy doimodoir dmQ>V AgV. CËgd, `k Am{U gUmdmar {d{dY n¹$mÞo Agcoco ^moOZ lr_hmamO AmJ«h H$aH$ê$Z gdmªZm dmT>rV. gd©gm_mÝ` _mUgmÀ`m Kar Aàmß` AgUmao {d{dY ImÚnXmW© lr_hmamO _§{XamV gdmªZm AmH§$R> ImD$ KmcrV. lr_hmamOm§da lrAÞnyU}Mm daXhñVM hmoVm. Ë`m_wio _§{XamVrc AdrQ> JmoS>rMo nXmW© Am{U Ë`m§Mr A{dñ_aUr` Md ~mhoa H$moR>ohr MmIm`cm {_iUo Ag§^dZr` Amho. EH$Xm _hmamOm§Zr lr.AemoH$amd OmoetZm 50 {H$cmo gwVa\o$Ur KoD$Z `oÊ`mg gm§{JVco Va EH$Xm 500 _cB© g°ÝS>{dM ! H$emgmR>r, Va ^º$JUm§Zm ImD$ KmcÊ`mgmR>r ! hiXr-Hw§$H$dmÀ`m {Xder EH$Xm Q>oånmo ^ê$Z H$qcJS>o AmUyZ _{hcm§Zm dmQ>cr hmoVr. hiXr Hw§$H$dmÀ`m {Xder lr_hmamO nwéfm§Zmhr AJXr nmoQ>^a AmBgH«$s_ AmJ«h H$ê$Z Im`cm Kmcm`Mo. lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamÀ`m AmdmamV cmdcoë`m Ðmjm§À`m docmdaMr Ðmjo, D$g AgoM _wº$hñVmZo ^º$m§Zm {Xco Om`Mo. Am§ã`mÀ`m {XdgmV {H$_mZ S>PZ^a Am§~o Var AJXr AmR>dUrZo gdmªZm {Xco Om`Mo. A§{OamÀ`m h§Jm_mV {H$cmo{H$cmo A§Ora dmQ>co Om`Mo. EH$Xm lr_hmamO _§S>B©V Joco AgVm Mm§Jco Am§~o {dH«$sgmR>r Amco hmoVo, Va Mma nmQ>çm Am§~o KoD$Z _§{XamV Amco Am{U lr.AéU {_amer Am{U lr.dPoH$mH$m `m§À`mH$adr _§{Xamg_moa añË`mZo `oUmè`m-OmUmè`m nmXMmè`m§Zm Vo dmQy>Z Q>mH$co. ho gmao KS>dyZ AmUVmZm `m_Ü`o H$moR>ohr XmV¥ËdmMm Ah§H$ma H$mS>r_mÌ ZìhVm. H$gcohr lo` ñdV:H$S>o KoÊ`mMm `pËH¨${MV à`ËZ ZìhVm. ""_r ~m~m§À`m ñWmZmVrc PmSy>dmcm Amho. H$V}H$a{dVo lr~m~m AmhoV,'' Aem eãXmV lr_hmamO ñdV:cm `m gmè`mVyZ A{cá H$ê$Z ¿`m`Mo. na§Vw hm gmam à`mg ì`º$s-ì`º$scm, {VÀ`m Eo{hH$ Jmoï>t{df`rÀ`m AmH$f©UmMo e_Z H$ê$Z H$_©`moJmgmR>r pñWa{MÎm 184 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

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`m amOJwê$§ Zm 1985-86À`m Xaå`mZ {eê$aOdi H$moR>o Var H$sV©Zmcm gmW H$aVmZm öX`{dH$mamMm PQ>H$m Amcm. Ë`m§Zm nwÊ`mcm S>m.° OmoetÀ`m é½Umc`mV XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco hmoV.o amOJwê$§ À`m nËZr Am{U Ë`m§Mr XmoÝhr _wco Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§H$S>o gmH$S>o KmcÊ`mgmR>r Amcr hmoVr. lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm Amnë`mg_moa ~gdyZ KoVco. Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m _¥Xy eãXm§Zr Yra {Xcm. Ë`m§Zm ImUo, MhmnmUr {Xco Am{U lr.AemoH$amd OmoetZm 500 én`o Ë`m§Zm AmUyZ XoÊ`mg gm§{JVco Am{U Z§Va Ë`m§Mm {Zamon KoVcm. lr_hmamOm§À`m gm{ÞÜ`mV gmdcrgma»`m AgUmè`m lr.AemoH$amdm§Zm hr nmMeo én`m§Mr _XV nmhÿZ WmoS>o Amü`© dmQ>co. ""Ðm¡nXrgr dñÌo AZ§VmŸ& XoV hmoVmgr ^Jd§Vm & AmåhmcmJr H¥$nUVm & H$moR>mo{Z Am{Ucr JmoqdXmŸ&&'' Aer ^mdZm H$Xm{MV amOJwê$§ À`m nËZrMrhr Pmcr Agoc. na§Vw Ë`m ~mB© Joë`mda lr_hmamOm§Zr lr.AemoH$amdm§Zm gm§{JVco, ""Vwcm dmQ>co Agoc H$s, 500 én`m§da _r {VMr ~moidU Ho$cr. na§Vw amOJwê$§ Mo {VH$S>o {ZYZ Pmcoco Amho. `m ~mB© é½Umc`mV OmVrc, na§Vw ^oQ> H$mhr hmoUma Zmhr. åhUyZM Ë`m {~Mmarcm _r ImD${nD$ KmcyZ nmR>{dco Amho. AmO A{YH$ H$mhr H$aÊ`mgmaIo Zmhr !'' Ë`mZ§Va H$mhr doimZo IamoIaM amOJwê§$À`m {ZYZmMo d¥Îm XoUmam \$moZ ê$½Umc`mVyZ Amcm. nwT>o XmoZ _{hÝ`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zr lr.~§Sy>eoQ> OmYdm§Zm _w§~B©hÿZ ~mocmdyZ KoVco Am{U Ë`m§À`mH$adr Xhm hOma én`o Ë`m ~mBªZm _XV åhUyZ nmR>dyZ {Xco. Ë`m doir lr_hmamO lr.AemoH$amdm§Zm åhUmco H$s, Oa amOJwê§$À`m {ZYZmÀ`m doir ho n¡go _r nmR>dyZ {Xco AgVo Va H$Xm{MV Vo Ë`m ~mBªÀ`m hmVr am{hco ZgVo. Ë`m§Mr _Z:pñWVr Ë`m doir pñWa ZgUma Am{U O_coë`m ZmVodmBH$m§Zr A§Ë`g§ñH$mamVM Vr a¸$_ IM© H$ê$Z Q>mH$cr AgVr. AmVm XmoZ _{hZo hmoD$Z Joco AmhoV. Ë`m AmVm WmoS>çm gmdaë`m AgVrc. Voìhm AmVm `m aH$_oMm Ë`m Ë`m§À`m ^{dî`mgmR>r em§VnUo {d{Z`moJ H$aVrc. Ë`mZ§Va amOJwê§$À`m _moR>çm _wcmcm lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnco EH$ ñZohr lr._hmeãXo `m§À`m_m\©$V nwÊ`mÀ`m _hmZJanm{cHo$À`m ~ggodoV ZmoH$arhr {_idyZ {Xcr. N>moQ>çm-_moR>çm _§{Xam§gmR>r, emim§gmR>r, JmdmVrc gmd©O{ZH$ B_maVtgmR>r _XV _mJm`cm lr_hmamOm§H$S>o AZoH$ cmoH$ `oV AgV. Aem doir lr_hmamO H$m`m©À`m _hÎmoZwgma Ë`m§Zm `mo½` Vr _XV H$arV AgV. na§Vw Aem doir amoI a¸$_ XoÊ`mEodOr {g_|Q>, nÌo, H$m¡co, cmXr Aem dñVy§À`m ñdê$nmV _XV XoÊ`mV `oB©, OoUoH$ê$Z XoUJrMm Xwén`moJ AJa Anhma hmoD$ Z`o. S>oadU n[agamV AZoH$ JaOy§Zm Kamda Kmcm`cm H$m¡co {Xcr. AZoH$ doim Q´>ñQ>Zo H$m¡co IaoXr H$ê$Z, ñdV:À`m dmhZmVyZ Vr dmS>r-dmS>rda ZoD$Z, JaOyZ§ m dmQ>cr AmhoV. `mEodOr Oa H$m¡co IaoXrgmR>r amoI a¸$_ hmVr {Xcr AgVr Va AZoH$m§Zr Vr a¸$_ ì`gZmV CS>{dcr AgVr qH$dm AÝ` H$moR>o Var IM© Ho$cr AgVr. lrg§V grVmam_~wdm§Zm {X. 17.09.1960 amoOr {c{hcoë`m nÌmV lr_hmamO {c{hVmV, ""lrñdm_tMo _R>mV Z§XmXrnmgmR>r {Xcocm S>~m g§nV Amcm Ago AmnU H$i{dco. Var Xwgam ZdrZ S>~m KoD$Z Vmo àW_ AmnUmH$S>o AmUmdm d Vmo CKSy>Z Ë`mVrc XmoZ aÎmc Voc ~mOycm H$mT>mdo d Ë`m 186 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

g~§Y S>ã`mV 2 aÎmc H$Sy>Voc {_giyZ _J Vmo S>~m lrnmX `m§OH$S>o nmohmoMdmdm. åhUOo lrñdm_tnwT>o Z§XmXrn ì`dpñWV cmdcm OmB©c d VocmMm ImÊ`mg Cn`moJ Ho$cm OmUma Zmhr.'' lr_hmamOm§À`m H$Um©cm cmO{dUmè`m XmV¥ËdmMr H$sVu gd©Xya ngacr Ver `mMH$m§Mr JXuhr dmTy> cmJcr. JXuV gmh{OH$M gd© àH$maMo cmoH$ AgVmV. Ë`mVrc H$mhr g_mOH$m`m©À`m {_fmZo ñdmW© gmYyZ KoUmaohr AgVmV. Aem "Y§XodmB©H$' g_mOgodH$m§Mm lr_hmamOm§Zm {VQ>H$mam hmoVm. Aem cmoH$m§Zm lr_hmamO YwS>H$mdyZ cmdrV. ñnï> ~mocyZ Ë`m§Mo {nVi CKS>o nmS>rV. Ë`m_wio H$mhr doim Ë`mVrc H$mhr OU ñdmW© Z gmYcm Joë`m_wio _ZmV SyI Yê$Z Q´>ñQ>cm Ìmg XoÊ`mgmR>r doJdoJù`m {Z{_ÎmmZo g§Kf© CH$ê$Z H$mT>rV. S>oadU `oWo Q´>ñQ>cm Pmcocm àIa {damoY hmhr _ycV: `mM àd¥ÎmrVyZ Pmcocm hmoVm. _mÌ Oar lr_hmamOm§Zm g_mOg§KQ>Z H$ê$ZM Amnco H$m`© nwT>o Ý`md`mMo hmoVo, Varhr lr_hmamOm§Zr Aem H$moUË`mhr A{Zï>, AdmOdr Am{U CÔm_ _mJUrcm ^rH$ KmVcr Zmhr. lr_hmamOm§H$S>o {MniyUhÿZ EH$ {ÌHw$Q> Zoh_r `m`Mo Am{U `m Zm Ë`m ~hmÊ`mZo lr_hmamOm§H$So n¡go _mJm`Mo. EH$Xm lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm H$m`_ cjmV amhrc Agm YS>m {eH${dcm. lr_hmamO S>oadU `oWo _w¸$m_mcm AgVmZm ho {VKo OU Ë`m§Zm ^oQ>m`cm Amco. Ë`m§Zm nmhmVmM, H$mhr ~mocÊ`mMr g§Yr Z XoVmM, lr_hmamOm§Zr gwê$ Ho$co, ""`m, _r dmQ>M nmhmV hmoVmo ! AmÎmmM _mPo dS>rc _cm Xe©Z XoD$Z Joco. Vo åhUmco, "Aao {dR>mo~m, AmO _mPr lmÕ{VWr, Vy {dgacmg H$gm ? AmVm {ZXmZ VrZ ~«m÷Um§Zm Oodm`cm Kmc.' AemoH$, `m§Mr nmZ§ ¿`m, Ë`m§Zm àË`oH$s 101 én`o X{jUm Xo Am{U hmo ! hr ~mV_r {MniyUÀ`m nonamV Amcr nm{hOo ~a§ ! _mPo dS>rc `oWo `oD$Z _cm lmÕmMr AmR>dU H$ê$Z Joco ! h„rÀ`m {XdgmV hr ZdcmMrM ~mV_r Amho H$s Zmhr ?'' VrZ-gmS>oVrZ Vmg Vo lmÕmMo OodU, d{S>cm§Mo ñdV: `oWo `oUo `mM{df`r gVV ~mocV hmoVo. AJXr `Wmgm§J Oodm`cm dmT>co, AmJ«h Ho$cm, ""`X amoMVo VX² J«mø_² `Þ amoMVo VV² Ë`mÁ`_²'' åhUyZ hmV OmoSy>Z àmW©Zm Ho$cr. Vo {VKohr nwaVo Jm|YiyZ Joco hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm ~mocm`Mr g§YrM {_ioZm. lr_hmamO _Ü`oM ~mH$sÀ`m cmoH$m§Zm gm§JV hmoVo H$s, ""Vo {VKo {dÛmZ ~«m÷U AmhoV. nU `m§Zm lmÕmM§ OodU cmJV§. Xwgao AÞ Vo KoVM ZmhrV åhUyZ Va ^yH$ cmJcr H$s Vo `oWoM `oVmV ! Ë`m§Zm Zoh_r lmÕmMo OodU dmT>m`M§ ~a§ !'' AIoarg H$go~go OodU CaHy$Z Ë`m§Zr H$mT>Vm nm` KoVcm. lr_hmamO XohYmar Agon`ªV nwÝhm H$Yr H$mhr _mJm`cm Vo S>oadUcm {\$aH$co ZmhrV. D D D

YZXmZ dóXmZ.. / 187

àH$aU : 19

AZw^d Ho$di eãXmZt ~mobUo & AeŠ` dU©Z| - V`m R>m`m§ & lr.amOm^mD$ d¡Ú ho lr_hmamOm§Mo EH${Zð> ^º$ _w§~B©cm {JaJmdmV amhmVmV. EH$Xm lr.amOm^mD$, lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~, lr.V§oSw>cH$a dH$rc, lr.~mUmdcr AmXr ^º$_§S>it~amo~a lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r _w§~B©hÿZ S>oadUcm Amco hmoVo. `oVmZm VrZ doim JmS>r {~KS>cr Am{U Ë`m_wio àdmg Vgm XJXJrMmM Pmcm hmoVm. Xe©Z KoD$Z lr_hmamOm§À`m gm{ÞÜ`mV 1-2 {Xdg amhÿZ gd© _§S>ir Á`m {Xder _w§~B©cm naV {ZKmcr, Ë`m {Xder _w§~B©cm {edgoZoÀ`m Am§XmocZm_wio dmVmdaU ñ\$moQ>H$ Pmë`mÀ`m ~mVå`m ao{S>Amodê$Z `oV hmoË`m. XJS>\o$H$, Ominmoi, g§Mma~§Xr, Jmoir~ma; `m_wio _w§~B©cm naVUo OmoI_rMo H$m_ Pmco hmoVo. na§Vw gdm©ZmM Amnmnë`m H$m_m_wio Ë`m {Xder naVUo Amdí`H$M hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§H$Sy>Z {ZamonmMm àgmX KoD$Z, Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z gmao OU {ZKmco, Voìhm lr_hmamO JmS>rn`ªV Amco hmoVo. gd© OU JmS>rV ~gVmZm lr_hmamOm§Zr lrgX²>Jwê$ ~m~m§Mr AJXr AmV©nUo àmW©Zm Ho$cr, ""~m~m, hr _mPr _wc§ AmhoV ! ñdm_r, hr _mPr _wc§ AmhoV ! Ë`m§Zm gwIê$n Ý`m !'' EdT>oM eãX lr_hmamO ~mocco Am{U lrgX²>Jwê§$Mm Zm_Kmof H$ê$Z JmS>rVrc gd© OU _w§~B©H$S>o _mJ©ñW Pmco. `oVmZm AS>ocVÅz>gmaIr VrZVrZ doim ~gH$U _maUmar JmS>r OmVmZm _mÌ A~cI KmoS>çmgmaIr _w§~B©cm nmohmoMcr. X§JcrMm dUdm e_cm ZìhVm; na§Vw gd© OU gwIê$n Amnmnë`m Kar nmohmoMco. lr_hmamOm§À`m àmW©ZoZo `m ^º$_§S>it^modVr g§ajH$ H$dMM {Z_m©U Ho$co hmoVo. ""hr _mPr _wc§ AmhoV !'' ho lr_hmamOm§Mo eãX lr.amOm^mD§$Zm AOyZ AmR>dVmV. godH$mÀ`m ^y{_Ho$VyZ Amnë`m gX²>Jêw $§ Mo, lr~m~m§Mo Ka Mmc{dÊ`mMo d«V KoVcoë`m lr_hmamOm§Zr, cm¡{H$H$ AWm©Zo Á`mcm g§gma qH$dm àn§M åhUVmV Vmo H$Yrhr Ho$cm Zmhr, VarXoIrc Ë`m§À`m {eî`JUm§Mr ^mdZm "Ëd_od _mVm M {nVm Ëd_od' AerM hmoVr Am{U lr_hmamO Ë`m§Zm "_mPr _wc'§ `m ^mdZoZM o nmhmV hmoV.o lr_hmamOm§Mo M[aÌ g_OyZ ¿`m`Mo Agoc Va lr_hmamOm§À`m `m "_wcm§er' ~mocVmZm Vo OodT>o CÎm_ arVrZo g_OVo VodT>o Xwgè`m H$moUË`m _mJm©Zo g_OUo eŠ` Zmhr. lr_Vr AnUm© H$m|S>H$a lr_hmamOm§{df`r ~mocVmZm åhUmë`m H$s, àË`oH$mcm dmQ>m`Mo H$s _hmamO Ë`mMo ñdV:Mo EH$Q>çmMo AmhoV Am{U Varhr Vo gdmªMo Am{U gdmªgmR>r EH$M hmoVo. S>m°.h[a^mD$ AmR>ë`o lr_hmamOm§{df`r ~mocy cmJco H$s Ë`m§Mm ñda hidm hmoVmo, S>moio ^ê$Z `oVmV, ""AmB© Á`mà_mUo Amnë`m Mma _wcm§V An§J, Xw~ù`m coH$amda Ogo OmñV ào_ H$aVo, Vgo lr_hmamOm§Zr _mÂ`mda OmñV ào_ Ho$co.'' ImZyMo lr.~mnwamd Im§S>oH$a `m§Mo EH$ nÌ CncãY Amho. Ë`mVhr Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm "_mD$cr' åhUyZM gmX KmcyZ EImÚm ~mcH$mà_mUo Ë`m§Mo cj doYyZ KoÊ`mMm dma§dma 188 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. Amnë`m ^º$m§À`m _ZmV lr_hmamOm§Mr à{V_m hr AmB©Mr hmoVr, d{S>cm§Mr hmoVr. _mUyg {H$Vrhr _moR>m Agcm, d`mZo, g§nÎmrZo, A{YH$mamZo {H$Vrhr _moR>m Pmcm, Varhr Ë`mcm Amnco "_ycnU' Onmdogo dmQ>Vo. AmB©-d{S>cm§À`m Ho$di ApñVËdmZo OmUdUmè`m AmYmamMr Ë`mcm JaO AgVo. H$moUË`mhr H$R>rU àg§Jr Vo Amnë`mcm nmR>rer KmcVrc hm {dœmg AgVmo. Amnë`mnojm H$moUr Var _moR>o g_W©nUo Amnë`m nmR>rer C^o Amho `m ^mdZo_wio Ë`mcm gwa{jV dmQ>Vo. OJÊ`mMo VmUVUmd Ë`m_wio gwgø hmoVmV. lr_hmamOm§À`m gm{ÞÜ`mV Amcoë`m ^º$m§Zm lr_hmamOm§H$Sy>Z AmB©Mohr ào_ {_imco Am{U d{S>cm§Mohr. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zm ñdV:Mo _ycnU OnÊ`mVrc gm¡»` {_imco, _m`oMm C~mam {_imcm Am{U A{Zï>m§nmgyZ ajU H$aUmao, _Zmcm AmœñV R>odUmao g§ajH$ H$dMhr {_imco. "g§gma Agma Amho' åhUyZ gmYwg§Vm§Zr {H$Vrhr AmoaSy>Z gm§{JVco Var {H$Vr cmoH$m§Zr AmOda g§gmamMm Ë`mJ H$ê$Z emídV gwImMm emoY KoVcm ? g§gmamVrc gwIXw:Im§Zr Jm§Ocoë`m gd©gm_mÝ` _mUgmcm lr_hmamO XrnñV§^mgmaIo hmoVo, AmeoMm {H$Zmam hmoVo, AmYma hmoVo. gmZ ~mcH$mMo [hV & OmUo _mD$crMo {MÎm & Vodr _mD$crg_mZ & ñdm_r H$[aVmo g§ajUŸ&& `m lr_hmamOm§À`m eãXmda Ë`m§À`m hOmamo-cmImo ^º$m§Zr {dœmg R>odcm Am{U Ë`m {dœmgmZo Ë`m§Zm {dnÎmr PocÊ`mMo ~i {Xco. lr.amOm^mD$ d¡Ú `m§Mm _wcJm _{V_§X {ZnOcm. `m XwX£dmÀ`m AmKmVmMr Vrd«Vm Á`mMr Ë`mcmM `WmW©nUo g_OVo. OÝ_^a Z g§nUmao àý Am{U g_ñ`m. _mÌ amOm^mD§$À`m nmR>rer lr_hmamO C^o hmoVo. EH$Xm {JaJmdmV AZno{jVnUo añË`mV lr_hmamO ^oQ>bo. amOm^mD§$À`m Im§Úmda Ë`m§Mm bhmZJm _wbJm hmoVm. Ë`mÀ`m nmR>rda _m`oZo WmonQ>V lr_hmamO åhUmbo, ""VwÂ`m _wcmMr H$miOr Vy H$ê$ ZH$mog.'' _wcJm chmZ AgVmZmM nwÊ`mVrc EH$m S>m°ŠQ>am§H$S>o Ë`mÀ`mda hmo{_Amon°WrMo CnMma H$aÊ`mV Amco. gw_mao AmR> df} ho CnMma Mmcy hmoVo. `m CnMmam§_wio _wcJm ñdV:Mo ñdV: gd© H$aÊ`mEdT>m ñdmdc§~r Pmcm. e{Zdma-a{ddmar d¡Ú _w§~B©hÿZ nwÊ`mcm _wcmgh `m`Mo. Ë`m§Mr amhmÊ`mMr ì`dñWm _§{XamVM H$aÊ`mV Amcocr hmoVr. _{V_§X _wcmMo dmJUo, Ë`mZo H$moR>ohr XohY_© H$aUo, `m gmè`m Jmoï>tÀ`m ~m~VrV lr_hmamO H$Yrhr amJmdco ZmhrV. Vo Ë`mcm Ë`mÀ`mM ^mfoV "Am~o' (A^`) Aer H$m¡VwH$mZo hmH$ _mê$Z Ë`mMr XIc ¿`m`Mo. Ë`mMo d` dmT>co, Vmo _moR>m Pmcm Voìhm lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m Ñï>rZo amOm^mD§$Zm Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o A{YH$ H$miOrnyd©H$ cj R>odÊ`mMr gyMZm Ho$cr. amOm^mD§$À`m `m "A^`' ZmdmÀ`m _wcmcm lr_hmamO e|JXmUo àgmX åhUyZ Úm`Mo Am{U Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z dXdyZ ¿`m`Mo, ""gJio... XmUo... EH$X_... Im`Mo ZmhrV !'' lr_hmamOm§À`m AIoaÀ`m AmOmanUmV, amOm^mD$ Amnë`m _wcrÀ`m c¾mMo {Z_§ÌU Úm`cm Joco hmoVo. Voìhmhr "Am~o' H$m` AZw^d Ho$di.. / 189

åhUVmo åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr _wcmMr Mm¡H$er Ho$cr. _wcmÀ`m ^{dVì`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo Am{W©H$ VaVyX H$ê$Z R>odUo ho amOm^mD§$nwT>rc _moR>o AmìhmZ hmoVo. nU Ë`m§À`m nËZrcm lr_hmamOm§À`m H¥$noZo gmoB©ñH$a ZmoH$ar {_imcr. VgoM {Zd¥Îm hmoÊ`mnydu amOm^mD§$Zmhr "H$moH$U aoëdo'_Ü`o à{V{Z`wº$sda Mma df} H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr {_imcr Am{U Ë`mMm ^anya _mo~Xcm {_imcm; Ë`m_wio amOm^mD§$Mr Am{W©H$ VaVwXrg§~§YrMr {dd§MZm {_Q>cr. `m gd© h{H$H$VrV gdm©V _hÎdmMr Jmoï> åhUOo lr_hmamOm§Zr amOm^mD§$Zm _mZ{gH$ C^mar {Xcr. "_wcmMr H$miOr H$ê$ ZH$mog' `m lr_hmamOm§À`m eãXm§Zr lr.amOm^mD$ Amnë`m Xw:ImVyZ gmdaco Am{U _wcmcm doJdoJio CnMma H$adyZ KoD$ cmJco. EH$ Zdr C_oX lr_hmamOm§Zr amOm^mD§$À`m _ZmV {Z_m©U Ho$cr. `m C_oXrVyZ amOm^mD§$Zr "_{V_§X' _wcm§À`m g_ñ`oda H$m_ H$aUmè`m g§ñWm§_YyZhr H$m_ H$aÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$cr. amOm^mD$ Am{U Ë`m§À`m gw{dÚ nËZr `m XmoKm§Zrhr lr_hmamOm§da nyU© {Zð>m R>odyZ Ë`m§À`m _mJ©Xe©Zmà_mUo V§VmoV§V dmJyZ Amnë`m g_ñ`ocm I§~ranUo Vm|S> {Xco. amOm^mD$ hohr AmdOy©Z gm§JVmV H$s {ÌH$mckmZr lr_hmamOm§Zr _cm H$Yrhr, AJXr _mÂ`m ImoQ>çm g_mYmZmgmR>r H$m hmoB©Zm, A^` nyU© ~am hmoB©c Ago gm§{JVco ZìhVo. _mÌ Ë`mMr H$miOr H$ê$ ZH$mo Ago gm§{JVco Am{U Ë`m§ZrM gd© H$mhr Ago OwidyZ AmUco H$s amOm^mD§$Zm _wcmÀ`m ^{dVì`mMr H$Yr H$miOr H$amdr cmJcr Zmhr. lr.a§JZmW JOmZZ ^mQ>dS>oH$a `m§Zm lr~m~m _hmamOm§Zr ñdhñVo àgmX ^a{dcm hmoVm. lr~m~m§ZrM Ë`m§Zm "{dÇ>cmcm eaU Om' Agm AmXoe {Xcm hmoVm Am{U lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr n{hë`m ^oQ>rnmgyZM åhUOo 1948 gmcmnmgyZM lr.^mQ>dS>oH$am§da Amnë`m H¥$noMr gmdcr Yacocr Amho. Ë`mcm nmœ©^y_r Aer H$s, lr.a§JZmW ^mQ>dS>oH$am§Mo AmOmo~m ho lrgX²>Jwê$ ~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo AZwJ«{hV {eî`. Ë`m§Zr gd©g§J n[aË`mJ Ho$cm hmoVm. Ë`m_wio ^mQ>dS>oH$am§À`m d{S>cm§Zm Am{U AmË`m~mBªZm lr~m~m§Zr Amnë`m XoIaoIrImcr R>odyZ Ë`m§Mo g§gma _mJu cmdyZ {Xco hmoVo. lr.a§JZmW ^mQ>dS>oH$am§Zm lr~m~m§Mo Am{U lr_hmamOm§Mo ^anya ào_ cm^co hmoVo. lr.a§JZmW ^mQ>dS>oH$a `m§Zm VrZ _wcr Pmë`m, na§Vw nwÌàmár _mÌ hmoD$ eH$cr Zmhr. Amnë`m AmË`mÀ`m AmJ«hm_wio EH$Xm Amnë`m _ZmVrc hr I§V a§JZmWamdm§Zr lr_hmamOm§Odi ì`º$ Ho$cr. Ë`m doir lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""Aao, gdmªZmM _wcJo Pmco Va {dœmMr àJVr I§wQ>oc. nwéfmcm nwéfmer c¾ H$am`Mr nmir `oB©c ! Vy {Zame hmoD$ ZH$mo. hr VwPr _wcJr {d{dY joÌmV àmdrÊ` {_idoc. ^anya {eHy$Z _moR>r hmoB©c, Zmdcm¡{H$H$ H$_mdoc !'' lr_hmamOm§Zr gm§{JVë`mà_mUoM nwT>o Jmoï>r KS>V Joë`m. _wcrZo {OåZ°pñQ>H$, ~°S>{_ÝQ>Z, _cIm§~ AmXr àH$mamV amÁ`ñVamda Zmd H$_mdco. Mm§Jcr {eHy$Z "BcoŠQ´>m°{ZŠg B§{O{ZAa'Mr nXdr {VZo àmdrÊ`mgh {_idcr. lr.^mcM§Ð {edam_ VWm VmË`m {^S>o Am{U Ë`m§À`m nËZr lr_Vr gw_Vr~mB© `m C^`Vm§Zr 190 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

lr_hmamOm§da Anma ^º$s Ho$cr. gw_Vr~mB© åhUVmV H$s lr_hmamOm§À`m _m`oMr ga àË`j Amnë`m _m`~mnmcmgwÕm `oUma Zmhr. lr_hmamO gw_Vr~mBªZm "_mhoadmerU' åhUm`Mo Am{U "XwJu' `m _mhoaÀ`m ZmdmZoM hmH$ _mam`Mo. "Xod Ago EH$ ^mdmMm ^wHo$cm & gm§^mir ^º$mcm XoVm ^mdŸ&&' `m Amoir gmW© H$aUmao AZoH$ AZw^d gw_Vr~mBªZm Amco AmhoV. Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§da AJXr gmYm ^moim ^md R>odcm Am{U lr_hmamOm§Zrhr doimodoir AJXr gmÜ`mgmÜ`m Jmoï>rVhr Ë`m§À`m _ZmMo H$moS> nwadyZ Ë`m§Zm H¥$VmW© Ho$co. Iyn nydu H$YrVar EH$Xm CËgdmÀ`m doir OodUmdir Mmcy hmoË`m. H$mhr ^{JZr dS>o ViÊ`mgmR>r ~gë`m hmoË`m. gw_Vr~mB©hr Ë`mV gh^mJr hmoË`m. MwcrÀ`m YJrZo gmh{OH$M VhmZ cmJVo. gw_Vr~mBªÀ`m _ZmV Amco H$s AmÎmm Oa W§S>Jma ga~V {_imco Va {H$Vr ~ao hmoB©c ! EdT>çmV lr_hmamO VoWo Amco Am{U Ë`m ^{JZtZm åhUmco, ""~m`m§Zmo, X_cmV hmo ! Wm§~m, _r Vwåhmcm ga~V Úm`cm gm§JVmo !'' Ë`mà_mUo WmoS>çmM doimV gd© ~m`H$m§Zm W§S>Jma ga~V XoÊ`mV Amco. EH$Xm {^S>o nVr-nËZr lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmcm _§{XamV Amco hmoVo. Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§Mr earaàH¥$Vr AJXr jrU Pmcr hmoVr; na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Zm lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV Xe©Zmcm OmÊ`mMr BÀN>m Pmcr hmoVr, åhUyZ VmË`m {^S>o Ë`m§Zm _§{XamV KoD$Z {ZKmco. EH$m ~mOyg lr.VmË`m Am{U EH$m ~mOyg gw_Vr~mB© Ago C^o amhÿZ hiyhiy lr_hmamOm§Zm lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV KoD$Z Joco. Xe©Z KoD$Z, àX{jUm KmcyZ lr_hmamO hiyhiy _§{XamÀ`m ~mOycm Ho$cocm ^mOrnmcm, \w$cPmS>o dJ¡ao nmhmÊ`mgmR>r {VH$S>o dico. CÝhmù`mMo {Xdg hmoVo. O_rZ Vmncocr hmoVr. lr_hmamO gw_Vr~mBªZm åhUmco, ""AJmo, VwPo nm` ^mOV AgVrc Zm ? VwÂ`m nm`mV Va H$mhr Zmhr !'' lr_hmamO EdT>§ åhUV AmhoV, EdT>çmV {^S>oH$mHy§$À`m nm`mImcrc O_rZ EH$X_ Jma cmJm`cm cmJcr. Ë`m lr_hmamOm§Zm {dMmê$ cmJë`m H$s, O_rZ EH$X_ Jma H$er cmJy cmJcr ? Voìhm lr_hmamOm§Zr _§X pñ_V Ho$co Am{U {^S>oH$mHy§$À`mhr cjmV Amco H$s hr lr_hmamOm§MrM {H$_`m Amho. {^S>oH$mHy§$Mm EH$ ^mD$ Iyn AmOmar hmoVm. Ë`mMo c¾H$m`© Pmcoco ZìhVo. Ë`m_wio {^S>oH$mHy§$Zm Zoh_r Ë`mÀ`m~Ôc EH$M qMVm dmQ>o H$s hm Oa AmOmanUmV nañdmYrZ Pmcm Va `mMr godmewlyfm H$moU H$arc ? EH$Xm lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`mÀ`m Vã`oVrMr Mm¡H$er {^S>oH$mHy§$Odi Ho$cr; Voìhm Yra H$ê$Z H$mHy§$Zr Amncr H$miOr lr_hmamOm§Odi ì`º$ Ho$cr. Ë`m _hmamOm§Zm åhUmë`m H$s, _mÂ`m ^mdmcm nañdmYrZ OrUo OJm`cm cmJy Z`o EdT>oM _mPo _mJUo Amho. {^S>oH$mHy§$Mm hm ^mD$ Z§Va 7-8 {Xdgm§Zr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m nwÊ`{VWrÀ`m {Xder, earamcm nañdmYrZnUm `oÊ`mAmYrM, Am¡fYmonMma Mmcy AgVmZm Ho$di EH$ ImoH$ë`mMr C~i `oD$Z Jocm. lr_Vr AnUm© H$m|S>H$a Am{U A_moc H$m|S>H$a `m§Zr lr_hmamOm§da AgmM {Zñgr_ ^md R>odcm AZw^d Ho$di.. / 191

hmoVm. lr_hmamOm§À`m AIoaÀ`m {XdgmV lr_Vr H$m|S>H$a `m§Zr Ë`m§Mr _Zmo^mdo godm Ho$cr hmoVr. `m Xm§nË`mda lr_hmamOm§Zr Iyn _m`m Ho$cr. lr_hmamO H$m|S>H$aH$mHy§$Zm Zoh_r gm§Jm`Mo H$s nyd©gwH¥$V ho ^moJyZ g§nVo åhUyZ gX²>Jwê§$Odi OmñVrV OmñV ^moJ _mJyZ ¿`mdoV. åhUOo nwT>rc OÝ_mV H$mhr ^moJ amhmUma ZmhrV. lr_hmamO H$YrH$Yr ""^mVwH$crÀ`m Ioim_Ycr ...'' ho JmUo Ë`m§Zm JwUJwUyZ XmIdV. ho nwT>o hmoUmè`m A_moc H$m|S>H$am§À`m AH$mcr _¥Ë`yMo gyMH$ hmoVo; na§Vw Ë`m§Zm _mÌ Ë`m doir H$mhr H$ënZm Amcr ZìhVr. H$m|S>H$a `m§À`m OmÊ`mZ§Va EH$Q>çm nS>coë`m lr_Vr H$m|S>H$a `m§Zm AmYma {_imcm Vmo lr_hmamOm§darc Agr_ lÕoMm ! ""_r _mÂ`m AmOy~mOyÀ`m àË`oH$ _mUgmcm "lr_hmamOñdê$n' _mZyZ Ë`mM lÕoZo OJmV dmdê$ cmJco Am{U Ë`m_wio _cm H$moR>o H$gcr AS>MU Amcr Zmhr,'' Ago lr_Vr H$m|S>H$a R>m_ lÕoZo gm§JVmV. Ë`m§Zm gd© {R>H$mUr, gd© H$mir H$moUr Var `oD$Z _XV H$aVo. àdmgmcm {ZKmë`m Agë`mg eoOmaÀ`m AmgZmda lr_hmamOM ~gco AmhoV Ago Ë`m _mZVmV Am{U _J àdmgmV H$moUVrhr AS>MU `oV Zmhr. eoOmaMr ì`º$shr, H$moUrVar Amnë`mM KaMr dS>rcYmar ñÌr ~gcr Amho Ago g_OyZ, Ë`m§Zm àdmgmV _XV H$aVo. lr_hmamO Amnë`m ^º$m§Zm gX¡d gm§^mirV AgVmV, H$YrM A§Va XoV ZmhrV `mMm àË`` lr_Vr H$m|S>H$aH$mHy§$Zm gX¡d `oV AgVmo. Aem àH$maMo AZw ^ d ^º$m§ Z m dma§ d ma `o V M AgVmV. lr_Vr _mcy V mB© dmcmdcH$a (lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~m§À`m nËZr) `m§Zm lr_hmamO Zoh_r gm§Jm`Mo H$s, {d{harV CS>r _maÊ`mMr doi Amcr Va ~oeH$ A§J PmoHy$Z Xo ! _r Imcr C^m Amho ! Am{U _mbyVmBªà_mUoM Á`m§ZrÁ`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§da lÕm R>odyZ "~oeH$' Imcr CS>r KoVcr, Ë`m àË`oH$mcm PocyZ KoÊ`mg lr_hmamO VoWo C^o AmhoV `mMm nyU© àË`` Amcm. ^º$loð> H$_cmH$an§V cú_U dmcmdcH$a `m§Mo g§nyU© OrdZ `m Jmoï>rMr à{MVr XoUmao Amho. 1958 gmcr, dmcmdcH$agmho~m§nwT>o lr.gXm{edamd V|S>wcH$a `m lr_hmamOm§À`m EH$m {eî`dam§Zr Amnë`m _wcrÀ`m c¾mMm àñVmd _m§S>cm hmoVm. _mÌ n{ÌH$m ZrQ> OwiV ZìhVr åhUyZ V|Sw>cH$a_§S>itZr, gmho~m§Zm lr_hmamOm§Zm ^oQy>Z g„m KoÊ`mMo gwM{dco. Ë`m n{hë`m ^oQ>rVM lr_hmamOm§À`m {ÌH$mcX{e©ËdmMr Am{U AmÜ`mpË_H$ A{YH$mamMr OmUrd gmho~m§Zm Pmcr. Ë`mM doir Ë`m§Zr _Zmo_Zr Amnco OrdZ lr_hmamOm§À`m MaUr An©U Ho$co. lr_hmamOm§Zr ho c¾ C^`Vm§Zm gwIH$maH$ hmoB©c Ago R>m_nUo gm§{JVco Am{U _J gmho~m§Zrhr lr_hmamOm§À`m eãXmda nyU© ^adgm R>odyZ hmoH$ma H$i{dcm. {ddmhmMm {Xdg Odi Amcocm AgVmZmM, lr.V|Sw>cH$a `m§Zm öX`{dH$mamMm PQ>H$m Amcm; na§Vw lr_hmamO gmho~m§Zm åhUmco, ""VwÂ`m gmgè`m§Mr XmoZ _wc§ AOyZ chmZ AmhoV. Vo EdT>çmV OmD$Z MmcUma ZmhrV; åhUyZ na_oœamH$Sy>Z Ë`m§À`m nwT>rc OÝ_mVrc nmM df} _mJyZ KoVmo !'' lr_hmamOm§Zr ñdV: é½Umc`mV OmD$Z V|Sw>cH$am§À`m _wImV ñdhñVo VrW© KmVco. M_ËH$ma 192 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

åhUmdm Aem VèhoZo Vo ~ao Pmco Am{U {Z`mo{OV {Xder {ddmh gwì`dpñWVnUo nma nS>cm. {ddmhmZ§Va H$mhr {Xdgm§VM lr_hmamOm§Zr gmho~m§Zm Amnë`m ñdê$n g§àXm`mMr Xrjm {Xcr. {ddmhmZ§Va XodXe©ZmgmR>r gmho~ _mcyVmBªgh Amnë`m Jmdr OmD$Z Amco. `oVmZm Zagmo~mÀ`m dmS>rcm, lrZ¥qghgañdVr ñdm_r _hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmcm OmÊ`mMo R>aco. Xe©Z Pmë`mda doi hmoVm åhUyZ gmho~ ~amo~aÀ`m ZmVodmBH$m§gh H¥$îUm ZXrÀ`m àdmhmV nmohÊ`mgmR>r CVaco. AMmZH$ gmho~ Imoc nmÊ`mV ^modè`mV AmoT>co Joco. Ë`m§Zm nmohÊ`mMm \$magm gamd ZìhVm. ^modè`mVyZ ~mhoa `oUo O_oZm. AmVm Amncm A§{V_ jU Amcm `m ^mdZoZo Ë`m§Zr lrgX²>Jwê$ {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mo ñ_aU Ho$co Am{U Amü`© åhUOo Ë`mM jUr H$mR>mdê$Z H$moUr gVam-AR>am dfmªÀ`m _wcmZo nmÊ`mV CS>r KoVcr. gnmgn hmV _marV Vmo gmho~m§Odi nmohmoMcm Am{U Ë`mZo gmho~m§À`m _mZo^modVr hmV KmcyZ Ë`m§Zm {H$Zmè`mda IoMyZ AmUco. gmho~ ^mZmda `oD$Z nmhVmhoV Vmoda Vmo _wcJm VoWyZ Zmhrgm Pmcm hmoVm. H¥$VkVm åhUyZ AmnU Ë`m _wcmgmR>r H$mhrM Ho$co Zmhr Aer gmho~m§Zm I§V dmQ>V hmoVr. `m àg§JmZ§Va _w§~B©cm lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmcm Joco AgVmZm, Joë`mJoë`mM lr_hmamO gmho~m§Zm åhUmco, ""H$m` ao, dmS>rcm nmÊ`mV ~wSy> cmJcmg Voìhm àË`j XÎmJwê§$Zr Vwcm dmMdc§`, _mhrV Amho H$m` ?'' nwT>o H$mhr df} ZmoH$ar Ho$ë`mda Am{U eãXH$moS>çm§_YyZ n¡go {_i{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$ë`mda, gmho~m§Zr ~m§YH$m_ ì`dgm`mV nXmn©U Ho$co. _mÌ Ë`m doir ZmoH$ar gmoS>cr ZìhVr. ZmoH$ar Am{U ì`dgm` gm§^miV, VmaodaMr H$gaV Ho$ë`mgmaIo OrdZ OJV AgVmZmM dma§dma lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmcm nwÊ`mcm `oUo, nwUo Am{U S>oadU `oWrc ñWmZm§_YyZ hmoUmè`m CËgdm§Zm hOa amhmUo, lr_hmamOm§Zm H$moR>o Omd`mMo Agoc Va ñdV: JmS>r KoD$Z ~amo~a OmUo, ho gmao Y§ÚmMo ì`mn Am{U OrdKoUo VmU gm§^mirV MmcyM hmoVo. nwT>o lr_hmamOm§Zr, gmho~m§Zm ^mJrXmarV Agcocm ì`dgm`, ^mJrXmar VmoSy>Z EH$Q>çmZo H$aÊ`mMm AmXoe {Xcm. Vmo {eagmd§Ú _mZyZ "_o. g_W© S>oìhcn²_|Q> H$m°nm}aoeZ' `m ZmdmZo Amncm ì`dgm` OUy "lr_hmamOm§Mo AmnU _wIË`ma AmhmoV' `m ^mdZoZo gwê$ Ho$cm Am{U Ë`mM ^mdZoZo AI§S>nUo Mmc{dcm. A§Yoar-dgmo©dm `oWrc O_rZ IaoXr H$ê$Z VoWo _moR>m {Zdmgr àH$ën C^maÊ`mMr V`mar Ë`m doir gwê$ hmoVr. KoVcoë`m O{_ZrV ImS>rMr XcXc hmoVr. hOmamo Q´>ŠgZr _mVr AmUyZ ^amd KmcyZ VoWo B_maVr ~m§Ym`À`m hmoË`m. g§H$Q>o `oVmV Vr narjm nmhmÊ`mgmR>rM Am{U EH$m nmR>monmR> EH$ Aer. `m doir ^amdmMo H$m_ {Q>H$co Zmhr, dmhÿZ Joco. na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Zr gmho~m§Zm gm§{JVco, ""qMVm H$ê$ ZH$mo ! VwÂ`m Z{e~mV Amho Vo H$moR>ohr OmUma Zmhr. WmoS>o BH$S>o {VH$S>o hmoB©c EdT>oM !'' hiyhiy àH$ënmZo AmH$ma KoVcm; na§Vw gX{ZH$m§Mr Zm|XUr _ZmgmaIr hmoV ZìhVr. lr_hmamOm§Zr gmho~m§Zm gm§{JVco H$s, `m OmJoda EH$ `k H$a Am{U Ë`mà_mUo Ë`m OmJr ghòM§S>r`wº$ n§Mm`VZ AZw^d Ho$di.. / 193

`mJ H$aÊ`mV Amcm. lr_hmamO g§nyU© gmohù`mg hOa hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr `kH$mimV amoO `k_§S>nmV àdMZ Ho$co. `kmÀ`m XodVmnrR>meoOmar lrñdm_r g_WmªMr à{V_m R>odÊ`mV Amcr hmoVr (Ë`mM OmJr AmO lrñdm_r g_W© _§{Xa C^o Amho). `m gmohù`mZ§Va OmJmZm|XUrg doJ Amcm. na§Vw nwT>o 1981À`m Xaå`mZ EH§$XarVM ~m§YH$m_ ì`dgm`mV _§Xr Amcr. AZoH$ J¥h{Z_m©U `moOZm R>ßn hmoD$Z nS>ë`m. ~m§YH$m_ ì`mdgm{`H$ _oQ>mHw$Q>rg Amco. gmho~m§Zmhr `m doir _moR>m \$Q>H$m ~gcm. S>moŠ`mda H$Om©Mm S>m|Ja dmTy> cmJcm. `m doirM S>oadU `oWo {ed-g_W© JS>mMo H$m_ Omo_mZo gwê$ Pmco hmoVo. {edg¥ï>rÀ`m {Z{_©VrMr Am{W©H$ O~m~Xmar lr_hmamOm§Zr gmho~m§À`m EH$Q>çmÀ`m {eamda Q>mH$cr hmoVr. S>oadU `oWrc JmoaJ[a~m§gmR>r Mmccoë`m {d{dY _XV `moOZm MmcyM hmoË`m Am{U Ë`mgmR>r n¡go nwa{dÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar nwÝhm EH$Q>çm gmho~m§daM hmoVr. Q´>ñQ>À`m nyduÀ`m H$m_m§gmR>r KoVcoë`m H$Om©~m~V g§~§{YVm§Mm VJmXm gwê$ hmoVm, Vmo gmho~ Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm AS>MUrV AmhoV hr ~mV_r ngaVmM A{YH$M dmT>cm. lr_hmamO n[apñWVr~Ôc H$moUVrhr qMVm Z XmI{dVm S>oadUcm AmUIr n¡go nmR>dyZ XoÊ`m{df`r gmho~m§Zm {Zamon nmRdrV hmoVo. gmho~m§Mr hr OUy gÎdnarjmM hmoVr. _mÌ `m H$gmoQ>rÀ`m H$mcI§S>mV EH$Xmhr gmho~m§Zr lr_hmamOm§À`m H$m`m©cm n¡go nmR>{dÊ`m~Ôc A{ZÀN>m qH$dm Ag_W©Vm XmI{dcr Zmhr. ZmVodmB©H$, ñZohr åhUV H$s, lr_hmamOm§À`m ZmXmcm cmJyZ gmho~ {Xdmio H$mT>Uma. Y§ÚmVrc VmUVUmdm_wio Vã`oVrda OmUdUmam n[aUm_ Pmcm; na§Vw Mohè`mdaMr àgÞVm H$_r Pmcr Zmhr. Amncr qMVm lr_hmamOm§nwT>o ì`º$ Pmcr Va Vmo Ë`m§Mm AZmXa R>aoc, Ë`m§À`mda A{dœmg R>aoc `m ^mdZoZo Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm H$YrM Amncr Mc{~Mc XmI{dcr Zmhr. {edm` lr_hmamOm§À`m {ÌH$mcX{e©Ëdmda Ë`m§Mm nyU© {dœmg hmoVm. EH$ {Xdg lr_hmamO EH$m ^º$mOdi åhUmco, ""gdmªZm dmQ>V Agoc dmcmdcH$a Y§ÚmVyZ CR>Uma, nU cjmV R>odm, EH$ {Xdg ømM Y§ÚmV _r Ë`mcm n¡emÀ`m amerda cmoidrZ !'' Am{U lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnco eãX Iao H$ê$Z XmI{dco. lr_hmamOm§À`m XohË`mJmnydu H$mhr {Xdg gmho~ lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmcm Amco hmoVo. naV {ZKVmZm Z_ñH$ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r lr_hmamOm§Odi Amcoë`m gmho~m§Zm lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""Aao, H$_cmH$a, Mmccmg H$moR>o BVŠ`m cdH$a ? ~g WmoS>m doi _mÂ`mOdi !'' Ago åhUyZ ào_mZo gmho~m§Zm Odi ~gdyZ KoVco. gmho~ H$mhr doi lr_hmamOm§Mo nm` MwarV VoWo ~gco hmoVo Am{U lr_hmamO ñZohmЩÑï>rZo _yH$nUo gmho~m§Zm Ý`mhmirV hmoVo. H$mhr doi ñVãYVoV Jocm Am{U _J AMmZH$ gmho~m§À`m nmR>rda Wmn _mê$Z Vo åhUmco, ""H$_cmH$a, Vwcm AmVm Iyn, A_mn n¡gm {_iUma Amho ~a§ H$m ! nU H$m` ao, EdT>çm n¡em§M§ Vy H$aUma H$m` ?'' Amnco Oo-Oo H$mhr Amho Vo-Vo gd©ñdr lr_hmamOm§Mo Amho `mM ^mdZoZo gX¡d OrdZì`dhma H$aUmao gmho~ åhUmco H$s, Vmo gmam n¡gm _r J[a~m§À`m H$ë`mUmgmR>rM XoB©Z ! Am{U nwT>o gmao Ë`mMà_mUo hmoV Joco. gmho~m§Zr Amnë`m gX²>Jwê§$da A{dMc {Zð>m R>odcr 194 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Am{U Amnco gd©ñd gX²>²Jwê§$À`m MaUr dmhÿZ Ë`m§À`m Amkoà_mUo AZoH$ S>m|JamEdT>r H$m_o crc`m C^r Ho$cr. lr_Vr _mcyVmBªZm lr_hmamOm§Zr gm§{JVcoë`m ""Vy ~oeH$ CS>r _ma !'' `m eãXm§_Ü`o XmoZ Jmoï>r J¥hrV AmhoV. EH$ åhUOo ^º$mMm Amnë`m gX²>Jwê§$darc AT>i {dœmg Am{U Xwgar Jmoï> åhUOo ^º$mcm gwIê$n n¡cVramcm ZoÊ`mMo lrgX²>Jwê§$Mo AX²^wV gm_Ï`©. gmho~m§Zr EH$Xm _Zmo^mdo lr_hmamOm§Mo {eî`Ëd nËH$aë`mZ§Va Ë`mnwT>o OrdZmVrc àË`oH$ {ZU©` Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§À`m BÀN>oZwgma VËH$mi KoVcm. ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z Y§ÚmV CVaUo, Y§ÚmVrc ^mJrXmar VmoSy>Z ñdV:À`m ~imda C^o amhmUo, ImS>rV ^a KmcyZ VoWo {Zdmgr Jmio Agcoco _hmàM§S> J¥hg§Hw$c ~m§YUo Aem gd© _hÎdmÀ`m {ZU©`m§À`m doir lr_hmamOm§Mr Amkm hrM {ZUm©`H$ Jmoï> Ago. gmho~m§À`m EH$m ßcm°Q>da EH$m c~mS> _mUgmZo A{VH«$_U Ho$co hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Zr AmXoe {Xcm H$s Ë`mMo Am°{\$g CISy>Z \o$Hy$Z Xo Am{U g^modma q^V ~m§YyZ Ko. H$moQ>©-H$Moar H$aÊ`mV Jw§Vm dmT>oc. gmho~m§Zr Ë`mà_mUo EH$m amÌrV H$m`©dmhr Ho$cr Am{U Vr H$moQ>r _mocmMr O_rZ nwÝhm Vmã`mV Amcr. Aem AZoH$ Jmoï>r ~m§YH$m_ ì`dgm`mV hmoV AgVmV. Jw§S>m§À`m I§S>UrgmR>r Y_Š`m, A{VH«$_Uo, ImoQ>çm Ho$gog Aem AZoH$ Jmoï>tMm Ìmg `m Y§ÚmV AgVmo; na§Vw lr_hmamOm§À`m H¥$nmN>ÌmImcr gmho~m§Zr _mÌ Y§ÚmV `emMr ZdZdrZ {eIao JmR>cr, A_mn n¡gm {_idcm, _mÌ ñdV: Cn^moJeyÝ` OrdZ OJyZ, lr_hmamOm§À`m H$m`m©gmR>r Vmo dmhÿZ Q>mH$cm. ho gmao gX²>Jwê§$darc Anma {Zð>o_wio eŠ` Pmco. gX²>Jwê§$darc {Zð>o_wio H$m` H$m` hmoD$ eH$Vo `mMo Xwgao CXmhaU åhUOo S>m°.~mUmdcr. S>m°. lrnmX ~mUmdcr ho lr_hmamOm§Mo na_^º$ lr.XrZmZmW ZmJoe ~mUmdcr `m§Mo H${Zð> {Ma§Ord. Xhmdrn`ªVMo {ejU 60 Q>ŠŠ`m§À`m Xaå`mZ JwU {_idyZ Pmcoco; na§Vw _ZmV d¡ÚH$s` {ejU KoÊ`mMr gwá _hÎdmH$m§jm àW_nmgyZM hmoVr. ^anya JwUm§Mo nmR>~i Zgë`m_wio _o{S>H$ccm àdoe {_iÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm WmoS>r H$_rM hmoVr Am{U Ë`mVM EH$ {d{MÌ n[apñWVr CX²>^dcr H$s Ë`mM dfu Xhmdr _°{Q´>H$Mr n{hcr ~°M Am{U AH$amdr _°{Q´>H$Mr eodQ>Mr ~°M EH$mM doir ~mhoa nS>cocr hmoVr. åhUOo Zoh_rnojm XwßnQ> _wco BÀNw>H$ ! na§Vw Varhr lr_hmamOm§À`m H¥$noZo _o{S>H$ccm A°S>{_eZ {_imcr. H$m°coO_Ü`o ñnmoQ>©²g goH«o$Q>ar Pmco. doJdoJù`m IoimV {hararZo ^mJ KoVcm. Ë`m_wio ñnmoQ>²©g _o{S>{gZ_Ü`o {deof Aä`mg H$amdm Ago dmQy> cmJco. Vo {ejU ¿`m`Mo Va O_©Zrcm Om`cm hdo Am{U Vohr ^maVmV "Am°Wm}no{S>H$'_Ü`o E_.Eg. H$ê$Z Om`cm hdo. Ë`m Ñï>rZo Aä`mg Ho$cm. nyd©V`mar Ho$cr. _mŠg©hr Mm§Jco {_imco hmoVo Ë`m_wio A°S>{_eZ Z¸$s {_iUma hmoVr. na§Vw Amncr hr BÀN>m lr_hmamOm§À`m H$mZmda KmVcr Voìhm lr_hmamO àW_M amJmZo ~mocco. Vo åhUmco, ""_r Vwcm S>m°ŠQ>a Ho$cm Vmo JmoaJ[a~m§À`m godogmR>r. ñnmoQ>©²g _o{S>grZ_Ü`o à°pŠQ>g H$ê$Z Vy AZw^d Ho$di.. / 195

Ho$di lr_§Vm§Mr godm H$aUma Amhog H$m ? lr_hmamOm§À`m eãXm§Zr S>m°ŠQ>a ^mZmda Amco Am{U {Z_yQ>nUo "_o{S>grZ'gmR>r A°S>{_eZÀ`m V`marcm cmJco. nwaoer V`mar H$am`cm doi {_imcm ZìhVm. Varhr lr_hmamOm§À`m H¥$noZo Mm§Jbo JwU {_iyZ A°S>{_eZ {_imcr. E_.S>r.(_o{S>grZ) Pmë`mda lr_hmamOm§Mm Amerdm©X KoÊ`mgmR>r S>m°ŠQ>a Amco, Voìhm lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""AmOnmgyZ Vy _wcm§Zm Q´r>Q>_|Q> Xo. OJ^amVrc _wc§ VwÂ`mH$S>o Am¡fYmonMmamgmR>r `oVrc.'' Amnë`m XoemV EH$m {df`mV E_.S>r. Ho$ë`mda nwÝhm Xwgè`m emIoV E_.S>r. gmR>r àdoe {_iUo H$R>rU, qH$~hþZm AeŠ`M AgVo. na§Vw `oWohr lr_hmamOm§À`m eãXmà_mUo Pmco. lr_hmamOm§À`m H¥$noZo S>m°.~mUmdcr `m§Zr A_o[aHo$V OmD$Z "no{S>A°Q´>rH$'_Ü`o E_.S>r. Ho$co. ""g|Q> Á`wS>'' `m OJmVrc gdm}ËH¥$ï>, _wcm§À`m H°$Ýga hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o gmS>ogmV df} H$m_ Ho$co Am{U Iyn AZw^d {_i{dbm. VoWo OJmÀ`m H$mZmH$monè`mVyZ {d{dY Xoem§Mr noe§Q> _wco `oVmV. Ë`m§À`mda CnMma H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr {_imcr. S>m°. ~mUmdbr A_o[aHo$bm {ZKmbo, VoìhmM Ë`m§Zm lr_hmamOm§Zr gm§{JVbo hmoVo H$s, Vwbm `m XoemVrb JmoaJar~ OZVoMr godm H$am`Mr Amho Am{U Ë`mgmR>r naXoemV {ejU Am{U AZw^d KoD$Z `oWo naV `m`Mo Amho. Ë`mà_mUo S>m°.~mUmdcr AmVm Amnë`m d¡ÚH$r` H$m¡eë`mMm cm^ _w§~B©À`m Q>mQ>m _o_mo[a`c hm°pñnQ>c_YyZ Xoedm{g`m§Zm XoV AmhoV. Ë`mMà_mUo S>oadU `oWrc ^º$loð> H$.c.dmcmdcH$a hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`ohr Vo _mocmMr H$m_{Jar ~OmdV AmhoV. lr_hmamOm§Zm ^º$m§Mo gd© _Zmoì`mnma AMyH$nUo g_Om`Mo. S>m°.~mUmdcr EH$Xm H$moBå~Vya `oWo H$m°Ý\$aÝggmR>r Joco hmoVo. VoWyZ Vo H$Ý`mHw$_marMo lrñdm_r {ddoH$mZ§X ñ_maH$ nmhm`cm Joco hmoVo. Vo gw§Xa n{dÌ ñWmZ nmhÿZ, AmnUhr OÝ_^a `oWoM ~«÷M`©d«VmMo nmcZ H$arV godmd¥ÎmrZo amhmdo Ago Ë`m§Zm Vrd«VoZo dmQ>co. naVrÀ`m àdmgmV _ZmV VoM {dMma KmoiV hmoVo. _w§~B©cm Amë`mda _hmamOm§Zm ^oQ>Ê`mgmR>r S>m°ŠQ>a Ooìhm Joco, Voìhm Vo H$mhr ~mocÊ`mnyduM lr_hmamO ~mocy cmJco, ""S>moŠ`mVyZ Vo ~«÷M`m©Mo doS> H$mTy>Z Q>mH$. _r Vwcm _wcJr `moOyZ R>odcr Amho. {ÛnXdrYa Amho, ñdV: JmS>r Mmc{dUmar Amho.'' nwT>o S>m°ŠQ>am§Zm AerM nËZr {_imcr. S>m°.~mUmdcr, E_.~r.~r.Eg. Pmë`mda gm`Z hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o Ama.E_.Amo. åhUyZ H$m_ H$arV hmoVo. EH$Xm Vo lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmcm Amco hmoVo. Ë`m {Xder lr_hmamOm§Zm Vmn Amcm hmoVm åhUyZ lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~ Am{U S>m°ŠQ>am§Mo dS>rc lr.XrZmZmW ~mUmdcr `m§Zr Ë`m§Zm lr_hmamOm§Mr Vã`oV nmhÿZ Am¡fY XoÊ`mMm AmJ«h Yacm. S>m°ŠQ>am§Zm {dcjU g§H$moM dmQ>V hmoVm; na§Vw ZmBcmOmZo Ë`m§Zm VnmgUrgmR>r nwT>o ìhmdo cmJco. _hmamO åhUmco, ""H$m` ao, _cm VnmgVmo Amhog ? ~K, ~K !'' åhUyZ hmV nwT>o Ho$cm. Va Q>oånaoMa Ago ZìhVoM. Vo åhUmco, ""Vmn Zmhr Amho !'' Voìhm _hmamO åhUmco, ""Ag§ åhUVmog, 196 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

nwÝhm nhm ~a§ !'' Va Ë`m doir A§JmV hmVmcm MQ>H$m ~gÊ`mEdT>m Vmn ! S>m°ŠQ>a åhUmco, ""N>o ! N>o ! Vmn Va ^anyaM Amho.'' Voìhm nwÝhm hmV nwT>o H$ê$Z lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""AmVm nhm ~a§ !'' Va Ë`m doir Q>oånaoMa nwÝhm Zm°_©c. S>m°ŠQ>a AJXr Jm|YiyZ Joco d åhUmco,""_r AmnUmcm H$m` VnmgUma ?'' Ë`mda _hmamO {_píH$cnUo hgco. S>m°.~mUmdctZm KS>{dÊ`mV lr_hmamOm§Mm _moR>m hmV Amho. Ë`m§Zm `mo½` Vo _mJ©Xe©Z H$ê$Z lr_hmamOm§Zr g_mOmoÝ_wI Ñï>rMm godm^mdr Agm S>m°ŠQ>a V`ma H$ê$Z g_mOmcmM An©U Ho$cm. Aer AdVr^dVrMr AZoH$ _mUgo emoYyZ, nmaIyZ nwT>o AmUcr. Ë`m§Zm R>mHy$Z-R>moHy$Z KS>{dco. Ë`m§Mm AmË_{dœmg OmJ¥V Ho$cm Am{U Ë`m§Zm nwÝhm g_mOnwéfmÀ`m godoV Jw§VdyZ Q>mH$co. Ë`m§À`mnwT>o _moR>o Ü`o` R>odco. _mUgo Ajae: KS>{dcr Am{U Vrhr Amnë`m gX²Jwê§$À`m _§{XamV H$arV Agcoë`m CnH«$_mVyZ KS>{dcr. Ë`m Ñï>rZo lr~m~m§Mo _§{Xa ho EH$ {dÚmnrR>M Amho. lr.àgmX V|Sw>cH$a `m§Zr gm§{JVco H$s, {ed-g_W© JS>mMr C^maUr hmoVmZm, H$moR>ohr H$mJXmda ZH$meo H$mTy>Z Vr Pmcocr Zmhr Va lr_hmamO O{_Zrda hmVmVrc H$mR>rZo aofm H$mTy>Z XmIdm`Mo Am{U Ë`mà_mUo ~m§YH$m_ ìhm`Mo. Varhr C^m am{hcocm {ed-g_W© JS> ho Aà{V_ dmñVw{eën Amho. lr_hmamOm§À`m _ZmV g§nyU© `moOZoMo gwñnï> {MÌ V`ma hmoVo Am{U Vo Ë`m§Zr VwH$S>çmVwH$S>çm§Zr H$m_Jmam§H$Sy>Z gmH$ma H$ê$Z KoVco. lr_hmamOm§Mo OrdZH$m`©hr AgoM lr_hmamOm§À`m Ñï>rg_moa AJXr AmIrdaoIrd ñdê$nmV AmIcoco hmoVo Am{U Ë`mgmR>r cmJUmar, Cn`moJr nSVrc Aer _mUgo lr_hmamOm§Zr {ZdSy>Z, nmaIyZ Ë`m§Zm Ë`m Ñï>rZo V`ma Ho$co Am{U _J Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z {d{dY joÌmV H$m_mMo S>m|Ja C^o Ho$co. d¡ÚH$r` joÌmV S>m°.~mUmdctÀ`mhr AmYr S>m°.lr.X.Omoer (E\$.Ama.gr.Eg., c§S>Z, E_.S>r. _o{S>grZ) d Ë`m§Mo {Ma§Ord S>m°.gwYra Omoer, S>m°.AÀ`wV Omoer d Ë`m§Mo dS>rc nwÊ`mMo Zm_m§{H$V d¡Ú M§ÐeoIa Omoer, {MniyUMo S>m°._YwH$a Omoer VgoM Ë`m§Mo MwcVo d¡Ú Zm.h.Omoer, S>m°.{OV|Ð c. gào Ago AZoH$ S>m°ŠQ>g© lr_hmamOm§Mo {eî` hmoVo Am{U Amnë`m d¡ÚH$s` ì`dgm`mV CËH¥$ï> àmdrÊ` {_i{dcocr hr gmar _§S>ir lr_hmamOm§À`m _mJ©Xe©Zmà_mUo dmQ>Mmc H$arV Amcr. lr_hmamOm§À`m AmÜ`mpË_H$ gm_Ï`m©~amo~aM Ë`m§À`m d¡ÚH$s` joÌmVrc gImoc kmZmdahr hr gd© S>m°ŠQ>a_§S>ir lÕm R>odyZ hmoVr. S>m°.AÀ`wV Omoer åhUVmV H$s, lr_hmamOm§À`m àË`j Xe©ZmÀ`m doir Ë`m§À`m VoO:nw§O, H$m§{V_mZ Xe©ZmZo _r BVH$m à^m{dV Pmcmo H$s _mPm gd© Ah§H$ma, d¡ÚH$s` kmZm_wio dmQ>Umam VmR>m EH$m jUmV Zmhrgm Pmcm. lr_hmamOm§Zm Am`wd}X, A°cmon°Wr Am{U hmo{_Amon°Wr `m VrZhr emIm§{df`r CËH¥$ï> kmZ hmoVo. gd© AÚ`mdV Am¡fYm§Mr Zmdo, Ë`m§Mo JwUY_© `mMr Ë`m§Zm Mm§Jcr _m{hVr Ago. lr_hmamOm§Zm _Yw_oh hmoVm, öX`mÀ`m A{^gaUmMm Ìmg hmoVm, ~«m°ÝH$m°`{Q>g hmoVm; na§Vw H$moUË`mhr AZw^d Ho$di.. / 197

Am¡fYm{dZm Vo Amnco {dH$ma H$m~yV R>ody eH$V hmoVo. aº$mVrc gmIa dmT>cr Agmdr åhUyZ Q>oñQ> ¿`mdr Va gmIa g§nyU© Zm°_©c `m`Mr. hm gd© A{^àm` EH$m E_.S>r.(_o{S>grZ) S>m°ŠQ>aZo, H$moUË`mhr VèhoMo d¡ÚH$s` {ejU Z KoVcoë`m qH$dm d¡ÚH$s` nwñVHo$ Z dmMcoë`m lr_hmamOm§À`m~Ôc {Xcocm Amho. S>m°.gwYra Omoer EH$ AmR>dU gm§JVmV H$s, EH$Xm Ë`m§Mo dS>rc S>m°.lr.X.Omoer EH$m noe§Q>Mo Wm`am°B©S>Mo Am°naoeZ H$arV hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Mm _w¸$m_ Ë`m doir S>m°ŠQ>am§H$S>o hmoVm Am{U Vo Am°naoeZÀ`m doir CnpñWV hmoVo. AMmZH$ {dÚwV nwadR>m ~§X Pmcm, Voìhm lr_hmamO hmVmV ~°Q>ar Yê$Z Ë`m§Mo eoOmar C^o am{hco Am{U Ho$di Ë`m ~°Q>arÀ`m àH$memV S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr Vo Am°naoeZ nyU© Ho$co. {ZîUmV gO©Zhr ~°Q>arÀ`m àH$memV Agco Am°naoeZ H$ê$ eH$Uma Zmhr. _mÌ ñdV: lr_hmamOM eoOmar C^o amhÿZ H¥$nmàH$me XmIdrV Agë`m_wioM Vo Am°naoeZ `eñdrarË`m nma nS>co. S>m°.lr.X.Omoer gZ 1952-53 À`m Xaå`mZ naXoemVrc Amnco {ejU nyU© H$ê$Z naV Amco Am{U _w§~B©cm XmXa `oWo Ë`m§Zr Amncm ì`dgm` gwê$ Ho$cm. lr_hmamOm§da Ë`m§Mr \$ma lÕm hmoVr. Vo lr_hmamOm§Mo AZwJ«{hV {eî` hmoVo. S>m°.lr.X.Omoer `m§À`m AmOmo~m§Zr ~m§Ycocr EH$ _moR>r B_maV XmXacm hmoVr Am{U VoWoM Ë`m§À`m Hw$Qw§~r`m§Mo dmñVì`hr hmoVo. _mÌ `m d{S>cmonm{O©V B_maVrV Ë`m§À`m H$mH$m§Mmhr {hñgm hmoVm. Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m {híí`mMm ^mJ S>m°ŠQ>am§À`m d{S>cm§Zm amoI a¸$_ KoD$Z {dH$V XoÊ`mMr BÀN>m ì`º$ Ho$cr; na§Vw Ë`m§Zr _m{JVcocr a¸$_ AìdmÀ`m gìdm hmoVr. {edm` Ë`m B_maVrV H$mhr ^mS>oH$ê$ amhmV hmoVo. EH$ _Ocm _w§~B© _hmnm{cHo$À`m emiocm ^mS>çmZo {Xcocm hmoVm. `m gd© Jmoï>t_wio EdT>r _moR>r a¸$_ XoD$Z B_maV ñdV:À`m _mcH$sMr H$aUo {H$VnV ì`dhm`© R>aoc, `m{df`r Vo gme§H$ hmoVo. na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Zr S>m°.lr.X.Omoer `m§Zm Am{U Ë`m§À`m d{S>cm§Zm hr B_maV nS>oc Vr qH$_V XoD$Z KoÊ`mg CÚwº$ Ho$co. Ë`m doir S>m°ŠQ>am§Mm ì`dgm`mV nwaVm O_hr ~gcocm ZìhVm Am{U IaoXr ì`dhmamgmR>r H$mT>coë`m H$Om©Mm _moR>m ~moOm S>moŠ`mda hmoVm. Z§Va EH$-XmoZ dfmªVM lr_hmamOm§Zr gd© ^mS>oH$ê$§Zm OmJm Imcr H$aÊ`mg gm§Jmdo Ago gwM{dco. Ë`mà_mUo ~hþVoH$ ^mS>oH$ê$ OmJm Imcr H$ê$Z Joco; na§Vw _hmnm{cHo$Mr emim Imcr H$aUo ho H$m_ AdKS> hmoVo. Ë`mgmR>r _hmnm{cHo$ZoM R>amd _§Oya H$ê$Z emim AÝ` {R>H$mUr hc{dUo Amdí`H$ hmoVo. ^mS>oH$ê$ H$m`Úmà_mUo Ka_mcH$ åhUyZ S>m°ŠQ>am§Mr ~mOy Xw~ir hmoVr; na§Vw lr_hmamO Amnë`m n[a{MV ì`º$s¨À`m AmoiIrMm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z ho H$m_ H$ê$Z KoÊ`mgmR>r AZoH$ df} PJS>V hmoVo. e§^a EH$ cmoH$m§Odi lr_hmamO `m{df`r ~mocco AgVrc. _mÌ Eadr AeŠ` dmQ>Umar Jmoï>hr doi `oVmM ghOnUo MwQ>H$sgaer hmoD$Z Jocr. `m emioMo ñWcm§Va H$aÊ`mMm R>amd EH$m ZJagodH$mZo _m§S>cm Am{U Vmo Ë`m {XderM AJXr ghOnUo _§Oya Pmcm. hm gd© ì`dhma AJXr d¡Y nÕVrZo gwairVnUo nma nS>cm Am{U gd© B_maV AJXr g§nyU©nUo Vmã`mV Amcr Am{U 198 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

VoWoM Ë`m§Mo "lrg_W© Z{gªJ hmo_' gwê$ Pmco. hr gd© lr_hmamOm§MrM H¥$nm Amho Agm S>m°.lr.X.Omoer `m§Mm R>m_ {dœmg hmoVm. lr_hmamOm§À`mM Amerdm©Xm_wio Ë`m§Mm ì`dgm`hr ^a^amQ>rg Amcm. S>m°.gwYra OmoetZr Amnco d¡ÚH$s` {ejU g§n{dco, Voìhm EImÚm Zm_d§V _moR>çm hm°{ñnQ>c_Ü`o H$mhr {Xdg C_oXdmar H$ê$Z Zmd H$_dmdo Am{U _J ñdV§Ì à°pŠQ>g H$amdr Agm Ë`m§Mm {dMma hmoVm; na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm KaÀ`mM hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o à°pŠQ>g gwê$ H$aÊ`mMm AmXoe {Xcm Am{U lr_hmamOm§À`m H¥$nmerdm©XmZo AJXr n{hë`mM {XdgmnmgyZ Ë`m§Mm ì`dgm` CÎm_ Mmccm. _mÌ EH$Xm lr_hmamOm§Mm Amerdm©X Z KoVm Ho$cocr Jmoï> Zo_H$s H$er \$gcr Am{U Ë`m_wio {H$Vr ZwH$gmZ Pmco `mMrhr EH$ AmR>dU S>m°.gwYra OmoetZr gm§{JVcr Amho. S>m°.lr.X§.Mo gmYo _moVrq~XyMo Am°naoeZ hmoVo. Zm_d§V S>m°ŠQ>a {nVm-nwÌm§À`m Ñï>rZo AJXr _m_wcr eñÌ{H«$`m hmoVr. ~hþYm Ë`m_wioM hr Jmoï> lr_hmamOm§À`m H$mZr Kmcm`Mo amhÿZ Joco. _mÌ eñÌ{H«$`oÀ`m AmXë`m {Xder _Zmcm éIéI cmJcr åhUyZ S>m°.gwYra `m§Zr hr Jmoï> \$moZdê$Z lr_hmamOm§Zm H$i{dcr. lr_hmamO ^`§H$a g§Vmnco. Ë`m§Zr Ajae: {eì`m {Xë`m, åhUmco, ""Vwåhmcm Am°naoeZ H$am`cm gm§{JVco H$moUr ? AmVm _cm H$m` {dMmaVm ?'' Am`Ë`m doir R>acoco Am°naoeZ aÔ H$go H$am`Mo `m {^S>ñVnUm_wio Xwgè`m {Xder Vo H$aÊ`mV Amco. XwX£dmZo Vo A`eñdr hmoD$Z S>m°.lr.X.OmoetMm EH$ S>moim H$m`_Mm {ZH$m_r Pmcm. `oD$ KmVcoë`m A[aï>mMr H$ënZm lr_hmamOm§Zr {Xcr hmoVr; na§Vw Ë`mH$S>o Xwc©j Pmco Am{U H$m`_Mo ZwH$gmZ Pmco. lr_hmamOm§À`m {ZH$Q> g§nH$m©V Amcoë`m AZoH$ S>m°ŠQ>g©Zm lr_hmamOm§À`m AX²>^wV gm_Ï`m©Mm àË`` dma§dma `oV Ago. Ë`m_wio Vo _mJ©Xe©ZmgmR>r lr_hmamOm§H$S>o `m`Mo Am{U lr_hmamOm§À`m AmXoemà_mUo dmJm`Mo. lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m {d{dY àH$ënmV gh^mJr H$ê$Z KoVco Am{U Ho$di ì`dgm`mncrH$S>o OmD$Z OZgodoMo gmYZ åhUyZ ì`dgm` H$aÊ`mg {eH${dco. {MniyUMo S>m°ŠQ>a _YwH$a Omoer AZoH$ df} S>oadUcm `oD$Z VoWrc XdmImÝ`mV godm^mdr d¥ÎmrZo H$m_ H$arV hmoVo, Vo lr_hmamOm§darc AT>i lÕo_wio ! nwÊ`mMo S>m°.{OV|Ð gào `m§Zm lr_hmamOm§ZrM ~r.E.E_.Eg.Mm H$mog© H$aÊ`mgmR>r nmR>{dco hmoVo. do._y.gào JwéOtMo ho Á`oð> {Ma§Ord, lr_hmamOm§À`m g§ñH$mamVM chmZmMo _moR>o Pmco Am{U AmO Vo nwÊ`mVrc lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV, ""H¡$.gm¡._mVm OmZH$s~mB© JUoe Omoer Am¡fYmc`'' MmcdyZ é½UgodoMm lr_hmamOm§Zr {Xcocm dgm MmcdV AmhoV. `m gd© S>m°ŠQ>a_§S>itg_moa lr_hmamOm§Mm AmXe© hmoVm. lr_hmamOm§da Ë`m§Mr lÕm hmoVr, {Zð>m hmoVr. lr_hmamOm§Mr H¥$nm Ë`m§Zm cm^cr hmoVr, Ë`m_wio Amnë`m noemV Vo `eñdr Pmco Am{U lr_hmamOm§À`m H$m`m©cm hmV^ma cmdy eH$co. lr. à^mH$a aKwZmW VWm ~mimgmho~ H$mOaoH$a ho nwÊ`mVrc "lwVr _§Jc H$m`m©c`mMo' `eñdr ì`dñWmnH$. AmOÀ`m Amnë`m `emMo gmao lo` Vo Amnco gX²>Jwê$ lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO `m§À`m AZw^d Ho$di.. / 199

MaUmda {dZ_«^mdmZo R>odVmV. "EH$ `eñdr CÚmoOH$ Am{U ì`º$s åhUyZ Or H$mhr OS>UKS>U Pmcr Vr gmar lr_hmamOm§ZrM Ho$cr, Amnë`m H$V¥©ËdmMm Ë`mV Vri_mÌ A§e Zmhr,' Ago Vo Z_«nUo gm§JVmV. Ë`m§Mo dS>rc lr.aKwZmWamd D$\©$ ^mD$ H$mOaoH$a ho _yiMo gmoZdS>o (Vm. Hw$S>mi, {O. qgYwXwJ©) `m JmdMo. M[aVmWm©gmR>r nwÊ`mcm `oD$Z ñd`§nmH$mMr H$m_o H$ê$ cmJco. nyd©nwÊ`mB©_wio H$YrVar EH$Xm lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV CËgdmÀ`m doir ñd`§nmH$mMo H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr {_imcr. Ë`m§Mo ñdÀN> H$m_, ñd`§nmH$mMr éMr, _¥Xy ñd^md `m_wio lr_hmamOm§Mr Ë`m§À`mda _Ou ~gcr Am{U _§{XamVrc ñd`§nmH$mMr O~m~Xmar lr.^mD§$da gmondyZ lr_hmamO {ZqüV Pmco. ^mD§$Zm gmV _wcJo, Ë`mVrc gdm©V _moR>o lr.dmgwXod D$\©$ XmXm ho nwÊ`mV nXdrn`ªV {ejU KoD$Z Z§Va JmdmVrc _mÜ`{_H$ emioV {ejH$ åhUyZ éOy Pmco. KaMr O~m~Xmar gm§^mim`cm Vo g_W© hmoVo, Ë`m_wio {ÛVr` {Ma§Ord lr.à^mH$a D$\©$ ~mimgmho~ nwÊ`mcm Amco. d{S>cm§Mr BÀN>m Ë`m§Zr H$mhr Vm§{ÌH$ Aä`mgH«$_ qH$dm Q>oc[a¨JgmaIo H$m¡eë` hñVJV H$amdo Aer hmoVr. ñd`§nmH$mÀ`m ì`dgm`mV Ë`m§Zr `oD$ Z`o Ago d{S>cm§Zm dmQ>V hmoVo; na§Vw lr.~mimgmho~m§Zm _mÌ V§Ìk qH$dm Q>oca hmoÊ`mV \$magm ag ZìhVm. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr hiyhiy Ho$Q>[a§J H$m°ÝQ´>°ŠQ>²g KoÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$cr. nwÊ`mV Amë`mnmgyZM ~mimgmho~ g_m{Y_§{XamV `oV AgV. na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Mo n{hco Xe©Z Ë`m§À`m nyU© ñ_aUmV Amho. ~mimgmho~m§Zr `oD$Z lr_hmamOm§Zm Z_ñH$ma Ho$cm Am{U lr_hmamOm§Zr ""H$moU ?'' åhUyZ n¥ÀN>m Ho$cr. ""_r ^mD$ H$mOaoH$am§Mm _wcJm, à^mH$a !'' Ago gm§{JVë`mda lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm ~gdyZ KoVco. gd© Mm¡H$er A{Ve` AmñWodmBH$nUo Ho$cr. EdT>r _moR>r {d^yVr Amncr EdT>çm ào_mZo Mm¡H$er H$aVo, Amncr EdT>r XIc KoVo `m_wio ~mimgmho~ AJXr ^mamdyZM Joc.o nwT>o _§{XamV `oUo-OmUo dmT>co. _§{XamVrc ñd`§nmH$mÀ`m O~m~XmarV d{S>cm§Zm hmV^ma bmdVmZm nmhÿZ lr_hmamOm§Mm "~mi' (~mimgmho~)daVr {dœmg dmTy> cmJcm. nwÊ`mV Ho$Q>[a§§JMr H$m_ohr hiyhiy {_iy cmJcr Am{U _§{XamVrc O~m~Xmè`m gm§^miyZ Vrhr H$m_o ~mimgmho~ H$ê$ cmJco. gZ 1974 Vo 84 `m Xaå`mZ ~mimgmho~m§Zr nwÊ`mVrc EH$m _§Jc H$m`m©c`mV ñd`§nmH$mMr O~m~Xmar Amnë`m Hw$Qw>§~r`m§g_doV gm§^micr. Ë`m H$m_mVyZ ^anya AW©àmár hmoV hmoVr. _{hZm 10-12 hOma én`o Var {_iV AgV. _mÌ _§{XamVrc H$m_mcm Zoh_rM àmYmÝ` hmoVo; H$maU lr_hmamO ho H$mOaoH$a Hw$Qw>§~r`m§Mo lÕmñWmZ hmoVo Am{U VoWo n¡emMm àý Xwæ`_ hmoVm. lr_hmamO XoÊ`m-KoÊ`mMm {heo~ _m§S>VmZm J_VrZo åhUm`Mo H$s "~mi'er ì`dhma åhUOo "VmQ>mVco dmQ>rV Am{U dmQ>rVco VmQ>mV' Agm Amho. EH$m dfu {XdmirÀ`m doir _§{XamV ^anya H$m_ hmoVo åhUyZ ~mimgmho~m§Zr Ë`m H$m`m©c`mVrc 200 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

\$amimMo H$m_ H$aÊ`mg Ag_W©Vm XmI{dcr Am{U Ë`mdê$Z Ë`m H$m`m©c`mÀ`m _mcH$mZo ^m§S>U gwê$ Ho$co. eãXmdê$Z eãX dmT>V Joco Am{U Vmo _mUyg lr_hmamOm§~Ôc H$mhr doS>odmH$S>o ~moccm. VËjUr VoWrc H$m_mda cmW _mê$Z, `oUo ~mH$s n¡em§da nmUr gmoSy>Z ~mimgmho~ ~mhoa nS>co. AMmZH$ Hw$Qw>§~mg_moa _moR>m àý C^m am{hcm H$s, AmVm nwT>o H$m` ? M[aVmWm©Mm _w»` òmoV AMmZH$ ~§X Pmcm hmoVm. nwÝhm Zì`mZo O_ ~gdm`cm doi cmJUma hmoVm Am{U Odi ^anya {ecH$s n¡gm Amho Aerhr pñWVr ZìhVr. {d_ZñH$ pñWVrVM ~mimgmho~ lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmcm Joco hmoVo. Ë`m§Mm qMVmJ«ñV Moham nmhÿZ lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm ~mOycm ~gdyZ KoVco. ""H$m` Pmco ?'' åhUyZ {dMmaVmM ~m§Y \w$Q>ë`mJV ~mimgmho~ ~mocV Joco. lr_hmamOm§Zr gd© em§VnUo EoHy$Z KoVco Am{U eodQ>r åhUmco, ""Vy _yI© Amhog ! Aao _cm {eì`m {Xë`m åhUyZ Vy Y§Úmda nmUr {\$adcog ? Vy Aì`dhmar Amhog !'' ~mimgmho~m§Zm lr_hmamO Iyn ~mocco; na§Vw ~mimgmho~ Amnë`m ^y{_Ho$da R>m_ hmoVo. AIoarg lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""Om, ~m~m§Zm Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z `o !'' ~mimgmho~ OmÊ`mgmR>r CR>co Voìhm lr_hmamO AJXr em§V, AmœmgH$ gwamV åhUmco, ""H$m`m©c` VwÂ`mH$S>o MmcyZ `oB©c, ~a§ H$m ao ~mi !'' nwT>o {Vgè`m qH$dm Mm¡Ï`m {Xder lwVr _§Jc H$m`m©c`mÀ`m _mcH$sU~mB© lr_Vr AmnQ>o `m§Zr ~mimgmho~m§Zm ~mocmdyZ KoD$Z Amnco H$m`m©c` Mmc{dÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm XoÊ`mMm àñVmd _m§S>cm. hm àñVmd lr_hmamOm§Zm Ë`m§Zr gm§{JVcm. lr_hmamOm§Zr 30 VmaIm§gmR>r H$m`m©c` Ama{jV H$aÊ`mg gm§{JVco. Ë`mgmR>r gw_mao Mmirg hOma én`o ^aUo Amdí`H$ hmoV.o VodT>o n¡go ~mimgmho~m§Odi ZìhVo, åhUyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr dmcmdcH$agmho~m§Zm gm§JyZ Ë`mMr ì`dñWm Ho$cr Am{U lwVr _§Jc H$m`m©c` ~mimgmho~m§Zr ñdV§ÌnUo Mmcdm`cm KoVco. lr_hmamOm§Zr EH§$Xa Vrg VmaIm§gmR>r H$m`m©c` ¿`m`cm gm§{JVco hmoVo, Ë`mVrc EH$moUVrg {Xdg c¾H$m`mªZr ^aco Joco Am{U ~mimgmho~m§Mo Vo gmhg nyU© `eñdr Pmco. Ë`m c¾mÀ`m _mog_mV ~mimgmho~m§Zm ^anya AW©àmár Pmcr Am{U VoWyZ gwê$ Pmcocr ~mimgmho~m§Mr KmoS>Xm¡S> gX¡d Omo_mZo gwê$M Amho. _mÌ ho `e hm lr_hmamOm§Mm Amerdm©X Amho, Ë`m§Mo _mJ©Xe©Z Amho Ago ~mimgmho~ gà_mU gm§JV AgVmV. ~mimgmho~m§da CËgdmÀ`m doir _w»` O~m~Xmar OodUmMr ì`dñWm gm§^miUo hr Agm`Mr. lr_hmamOm§Mo cj Mm¡\o$a Ago. Ë`m§À`m IS>mdm§Mm AmdmO EoH$cm H$s gmaoM OU XjVoZo dmJm`Mo. EH$Xm EH$ AmMmar ^mOr {MaV hmoVm. {MaVmZm H$mhr ^mOr ~mhoa nS>cr Am{U Vr Ë`mZo naV Jmoim H$ê$Z ^mOr {MaÊ`mgmR>r KoVcoë`m ^m§S>çmV Q>mH$cr. Zo_H$s Vr Jmoï> lr_hmamOm§Zr nm{hcr Am{U Vo ^`§H$a g§Vmnco. Iyn AmoaS>co, ~mocco, åhUmco, ""~m~m§Zm Z¡doÚ An©U H$am`Mm Vmo ñdÀN> Am{U n{dÌ Agcm nm{hOo.'' Ë`m {XderMm Ë`m§Mm amJ Am{U Vo ~mocUo ~mimgmho~m§À`m H$Yrhr {dñ_aUmV AZw^d Ho$di.. / 201

OmUma Zmhr. ~mimgmho~ åhUVmV H$s AmOhr H$m`m©c`mV VrM {eñV Am{U ñdÀN>Vm nmicr OmVo. H$maU lr_hmamOm§Mr {eH$dU H$Yrhr {dgaVm `oUma Zmhr. H$m`m©c`mV {eO{dcoco AÞ hogwÕm àgmXmBVHo$M ñdÀN> Am{U n{dÌ Agco nm{hOo Aer _ZmMr OS>UKS>UM Pmcr Amho Am{U Vr lr_hmamOm§Zr Ho$cr. CËgdmÀ`m AJa H$m`m©À`m doir ^m§S>rHw§$S>r, {OÞg {H$Vr nm{hOoV Vo lr_hmamOm§Zm gm§JyZ, _mJyZ ¿`m`Mo AgV. EH$Xm gH$mir Amdí`H$ VodT>o Zmai lr_hmamOm§Zm gm§JyZ KoVco; nU Ë`mVrc H$mhr Iam~ {ZKmco åhUyZ nwÝhm Zmai AmUÊ`mgmR>r _mUyg Jocm. _hmamOm§Mo ~maH$mB©Zo gd©Ì cj Ago. ""hm H$moU _mUyg Amho ? Ë`mcm H$m` hd§` ? Zmai ? Zmai gH$mirM {Xcoco AgVmZm AmVm nwÝhm Zmai H$emcm ? ho H$m` Mmcc§` ? "Am§Yi§ XiV§` Am{U Hw$̧ nrR> ImV§`' Ag§ Mmcc§ Amho H$m` ?'' Ago åhUyZ Mmccoco gd© H$m`©H«$_ AJXr _§ÌnR>Umgh, Wm§~{dco. ~mimgmho~m§Zm \$ma AnamYr dmQ>co, Ë`m§Zr nwT>o OmD$Z, Zmai Iam~ {ZKmë`mMo gm§{JVco, ""_J Vo _cm H$m gm§{JVc§ Zmhr ? nañna Xwgao Zmai H$go ZoVm ? Hw$Ococo Zmai H$m` Ho$coV ?'' _J ~mimgmho~m§Zr Vo Zmai Q>mH$co hmoVo Vo emoYyZ AmUyZ XmI{dco. lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""ho Zmai Ago \o$Hy$Z Úm`Mo ZmhrV. H$m_H$ar ~m`m§Zm Vo Úm, Ë`mnmgyZ Ë`m Voc H$mT>VmV.'' H$m`© gwì`dpñWV hmoÊ`mgmR>r gd© Jmoï>r EH$m O~m~Xma _mUgmÀ`mM nadmZJrZo H$aUo Amdí`H$ AgVo. AÝ`Wm gd© ì`dñWm {XemhrZ ^aH$Q>V OmB©c, H$m`m©da {Z`§ÌU amhmUma Zmhr Am{U {Z`moOZmMm IoiI§S>mo~m hmoB©c ho lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m àg§JmZo gdmªÀ`m _Zmda R>g{dco. ì`dgm` Mmc{dVmZmhr Aem àg§JmVyZ {_imcoco YS>oM Cn`moJr nS>V Amco. ~mimgmho~m§À`m _Vmà_mUo CËgdmÀ`m gwédmVrg lr_hmamO EH$Xm Amnco CJ« ê$n XmIdV. Ë`mgmR>r EImXm _mUyggwÕm Ë`m§Zr ~hþYm AmYrM hoacocm Ago. EH$Xm Ë`m _mUgmcm lr_hmamO ^anya amJmdyZ ~mocco H$s _J CËgd^a ~mH$sMo gmaoM ñd`§godH$ nyU©nUo XjVoZo Amnco ì`dhma H$arV Am{U _J gmar `§ÌUmM gwairV MmcV Ago. gZ 1984 _Ü`o S>oadU `oWo `kmÀ`m doir EH$ ~«m÷U cKwe§Ho$cm OmD$Z AZwð>mZ ñWir `oV hmoVo. lr_hmamO Zo_Ho$ Ë`m doir VoWo Amco hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Zr {dMmaco, ""H$moR>o Jocm hmoVmV ?'' Ë`m ~«m÷UmZo IwUoZo H$a§Jir XmIdyZ cKwe§Ho$cm Joë`mMo gy{MV Ho$co. Ë`mda lr_hmamOm§Zr AJXr IUIUrV AmdmOmV {dMmaco, ""earaewÕrgmR>r nmUr dmnacoV H$m ?'' (lr_hmamOm§Zr AJXr CKS> eãXmV {dMmaco hmoVo). lr_hmamOm§À`m eãXmVrc Amdoe nmhÿZ Vmo ~«m÷U Km~ê$ZM Jocm Am{U nmUr Z dmnaë`mMo Ë`mZo H$~yc Ho$co. lr_hmamOm§Zr VoWë`m VoWo, O_coë`m gd© ~«÷d¥§Xmg_moa Ë`m ~«m÷UmMr IaS>nÅ>r H$mT>cr. ew{M^y©VnUmgmR>r H$m`H$m` nÏ`o nmim`cm hdrV, Ë`m_mJrc emñÌ H$m` Amho, Ago Z dmJUo åhUOo ~«m÷UËdmcm H$gm H$m{i_m cmdUo Amho `mda gS>oVmoS> eãXm§V N>moQ>ogo {ddoMZ 202 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

H$ê$Z, Ë`m ~«m÷Umcm Am§Kmoi H$ê$Z, Zdo gmodio ZogyZ `oÊ`mg \$_m©{dco. Ë`m doiMm lr_hmamOm§Mm Vmo CJ« Amdoe nm{hcocm H$moUrhr _mUyg Z§Va Cä`m Am`wî`mV nwÝhm emñÌmcm S>mdcyZ dmJcm Zgoc. lr_hmamOm§Zr _mUgo KS>{dVmZm, _mUgmVrc AmË_{dœmg OmJm H$ê$Z Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z AdKS> O~m~XmarMr H$m_o H$ê$Z KoVcr. lr_hmamOm§Mo àH$ën Zoh_rM ^ì` {Xì` AgV Am{U Ë`mgmR>r gmYZgm_J«r Am{U CncãY _Zwî`~i ho Zoh_rM VmoQ>Ho$, Anwao Agm`Mo. CncãY _mUgo H$m`©j_ AgVrcM Agohr Zmhr. Varhr Ë`m§Mr H$moUVrhr `moOZm Anwar gmoS>mdr cmJcr Zmhr. `mMo H$maU åhUOo CncãY gmYZgm_J«rMm H$mQ>oH$moa dmna d _Zwî`~imcm CÎm_ à{ejU Am{U `m XmoÝhtMm {Z`moOZ~Õ dmna ! gmYrgmYr _mUg§ hmVmer Yê$Z Ë`m _mUgm§Zm lr_hmamO EImÚm {df`mV nyU© nma§JV H$arV. lr.~~Z _UoarH$a Ooìhm lr_hmamOm§H$S>o H$m_mgmR>r Amco, Voìhm lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm, ""OodU H$aerc H$m` ?'' Ago {dMmaco Am{U _UoarH$am§Zr hmoH$ma ^ê$Z Q>mH$cm; na§Vw Ë`m doir _UoarH$am§Mr nmQ>r OodUmÀ`m ~m~VrV AJXr H$moar hmoVr. nmoù`m H$aVmZm {H$Vr _mUgm§gmR>r {H$Vr H$UrH$ ¿`m`Mr, Ë`mV nmUr {H$Vr Kmcm`Mo, Vr {H$Vr KÅ> _im`Mr ho gd© lr_hmamOm§Zr ~~Zamdm§Zm ~mOycm ñdV: C^o amhÿZ {eH${dco. AmVm _§{XamVrc CËgdàg§Jr ZmZm narMr n¹$mÞo ~~Zamd ~Z{dVmV Am{U ^º$_§S>ir Vr MmIyZ V¥á hmoVmV. Aer AZoH$ _mUgo lr_hmamOm§À`m _mJ©Xe©Zm_wio Am`wî`mV doJdoJù`m joÌm§V H$mhr d¡{eîQ>çnyU© H$m_{Jar H$ê$ eH$cr. lr_hmamOm§Mr _mUgmMr nmaI _mÌ {dcjU Ago. EH$Xm EH$ AmMmar _§{XamV OodU H$aÊ`mgmR>r {Z`wº$ Ho$cm hmoVm. n{hë`mM {Xder OodVmZm Ë`mZo ñdV:À`m nmZmV ^anya ^mOr dmTy>Z KoVcr Am{U Z Inë`m_wio Q>mHy$Zhr {Xcr. _hmamO åhUmco H$s `mcm ñdV:À`m nmoQ>mMm ZrQ> A§XmO Zmhr Agm _mUyg amoO nmM-nÞmg _mUgm§Mm ñd`§nmH$ H$gm H$m` H$aUma ? hm _mUyg AÞmMr amoO ZmgmS>r H$arc, Voìhm `mcm CÚmM naV nmR>dm. Ë`mà_mUo Ë`mcm cJoM {Zamon XoÊ`mV Amcm. nwîH$a _wUJoH$a hm _§{Xam_Ü`o godoH$ar Amho. Ë`mMo dS>rchr _§{XamV godogmR>r hmoVo; na§Vw Vo _§{XamV Z nQ>ë`m_wio {ZKyZ Joco Am{U Ë`m Xaå`mZ XwMmH$sÀ`m AnKmVmV _aU nmdco. hr Jmoï> nwîH$aÀ`m OÝ_mAmYrM H$mhr {Xdg KS>bobr hmoVr. nwîH$aÀ`m OÝ_mÀ`m Xwgè`mM {Xder Ago cjmV Amco H$s Ë`mMo AmVS>o ZrQ> H$m_ H$aÊ`mÀ`m AdñWoV ZìhVo. H$mhrVar OÝ_OmV Xmof hmoVm. Ë`m_wio Ë`mcm em¡Mmcm hmoV ZìhVo Am{U VmVS>rZo Ë`m XmoZ {XdgmÀ`m _wcmda eñÌ{H«$`m H$aUo Amdí`H$ hmoVo. _wUJoH$a ho ~mimgmho~ H$mOaoH$am§Mo ZmVodmB©H$ Agë`m_wio ~mimgmho~ YmdmYmd H$ê$Z Am°naoeZgmR>r V`mar H$arV hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr hr Jmoï> lr_hmamOm§À`m H$mZmda KmVcr. lr_hmamOm§Zr nwîH$adê$Z EH$ Zmai AmodmiyZ Q>mH$Ê`mg gm§{JVcm. ~mimgmho~ VgoM é½Umc`mV Zmai KoD$Z Amco. Voìhm nwîH$acm eñÌ{H«$`oÀ`m Q>o~cmda Zoco OmV hmoVo. ~mimgmho~m§Zr Ë`mÀ`mdê$Z Zmai AmodmiyZ H$mT>cm Am{U lr_hmamOm§Zr gm§{JVë`mà_mUo é½Umc`mg_moarb Mm¡añË`mda ZoD$Z \$moS>cm. AZw^d Ho$di.. / 203

Vo Zmai \$moSy>Z naV `oV AmhoV EdT>çmV nwîH$acm ghOnUo Z¡g{J©H$arË`m em¡Mmcm Pmco Am{U Ë`mÀ`mda eñÌ{H«$`m H$aÊ`mMr H$mhr Amdí`H$Vm Cacr Zmhr. hm gd© gX²>JwéH¥$noMm _{h_m hmoVm. Ë`mM doir lr_hmamO åhUmco hmoVo H$s hm _wcJm nwT>o Amnë`m H$m_mcm `oB©c. d{S>cm§À`m AnKmVr {ZYZm_wio OÝ_mAmYrM nmoaH$m Pmcocm nwîH$a nwT>o lr_hmamOm§À`m H¥$nmN>ÌmImcr _moR>m hmoD$Z AmO _§{XamV _Zmo^mdo godm H$arV Amho. IwÔ ~mimgmho~m§Zm lr_hmamOm§À`m AX²^wV gm_Ï`m©Mr à{MVr Ë`m§À`m AmOmanUmV XmoZ doim Amcr. gZ 1984-85 _Ü`o EH$m amÌr ~mimgmho~m§À`m nmoQ>mV Agø doXZm gwê$ Pmë`m. S>m°ŠQ>am§À`m VnmgUrV Ago cjmV Amco H$s ha^è`mEdT>m _wVIS>m Pmcm Amho Am{U VmVS>rZo eñÌ{H«$`m H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. lr.~mimgmho~m§Zr WoQ> _§{XamV OmD$Z hm d¥Îmm§V lr_hmamOm§À`m H$mZr KmVcm. lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""Am°naoeZ dJ¡ao H$mhr ZH$mo. Vy CÎmaoH$S>o OmUmao VmoaUrMo _yi a{ddmar H$mTy>Z AmU Am{U VrZ {Xdg CJmiyZ Ko.'' Ë`mà_mUo H$aVmM ~mimgmho~m§Mm Ìmg hiyhiy H$_r Pmcm. Z§Va EŠg-ao H$mT>cm AgVm _wVIS>m nyU©nUo {daKiyZ Joë`mMo {ZînÞ Pmco. S>m°ŠQ>am§Mm {dœmg ~goZm åhUyZ nwÝhm EH$Xm EŠg-ao H$mT>cm; na§Vw Ë`mhr doir _wVIS>çmMr H$moUVrhr IyU AmT>icr Zmhr. Ë`m_wio S>m°ŠQ>ahr M{H$V Pmco. _wVIS>m {daKiÊ`mgmR>r eñÌ{H«$`o{edm` AÝ` CnMma AmhoV; na§Vw Ë`mgmR>r XmoZ-VrZ df} cmJVmV. Ë`m_wio hm Ho$di X¡dr M_ËH$ma Amho AgoM S>m°ŠQ>am§Mohr _V nS>co. EH$Xm ~mimgmho~ H$m{dirZo AmOmar hmoVo. H$mdri EdT>r dmT>cr H$s, ~mimgmho~ A§WéUmcmM {IiyZ hmoVo. AË`§V Aeº$nUm_wio A§JmV CRy>Z ~gÊ`mMohr ÌmU ZìhVo. lr_hmamO EH$ {Xdg ~mimgmho~m§Mr Vã`oV nmhm`cm Ë`m§À`m KarM Amco. lr_hmamOm§Zm Amcoco nmhmVmM, Amnë`m emar[aH$ Agmhmæ`Vo_wio CRy>hr Z eH$Umè`m ~mimgmho~m§À`m S>moù`m§V nmUr Amco. lr_hmamO Vo nmhÿZ åhUmco, ""H$mhr H$miOr H$ê$ ZH$mog, \$º$ ^anya D$g Im Am{U CÚm ~am hmoD$Z _§{XamV `o.'' ~mimgmho~m§Zr Ë`m {Xder AÝ` Am¡fYo ~mOycm R>odyZ \$º$ {Xdg^a Cg Im„m Am{U Amü`m©Mr Jmoï> åhUOo Ë`m EH$m {XdgmV H$mdri EdT>r CVacr H$s, Xwgè`m {Xder ~mimgmho~ _§{XamV lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmcm OmD$Z Amco. Aem AZoH$ Jmoï>r lr.~mimgmho~ gm§JVmV. lr_hmamOm§À`m gd©M ^º$m§Mr BÀN>m ""VwPr`o ñdê$nmMo qMVZmdrU & [aVm Z Omdm EH$hr jUŸ &&'' Aer AgVo. lr.~mimgmho~m§Zm Va lr_hmamOm§À`m gm{ÞÜ`mV XrK©H$mi amhÊ`mMo, godm H$aÊ`mMo ^m½` cm^co Am{U ""VwPr`o Zm_-ê$nmMm {dga & Z nS>mo _O hm{M Úmdm da Ÿ&&'' Aer _mJUr EH$Xm Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§H$S>o Ho$cr hmoVr. ~mimgmho~m§Zm EH$Xm Jm`Ìr-nwaüaU H$aÊ`mMr BÀN>m hmoVr. Ë`m§Zr XmoZ-VrZ doim lr_hmamOm§Zm Ë`m~m~V {dMmaco hmoVo; nU lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m ~m~VrV ~mocUo Q>mico hmoVo. lr_hmamO Amnë`m AIoaÀ`m ndm©V AgVmZm, EH$Xm ~mimgmho~ Xe©ZmgmR>r Joco hmoVo. lr_hmamO em§VnUo S>moio {_Qy>Z 204 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

{~N>mÝ`mda nhwS>coco hmoVo. Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z Pmë`mda lr.~mimgmho~ lr_hmamOm§Mo nm` hiwdmanUo Mony cmJco. ""H$moU ?'' lr_hmamOm§Zr {dMmaco. ""_r, ~mi !'' ~mimgmho~ åhUmco. H$mhr doi em§VVoV Jocm Am{U _J lr_hmamOm§Zr {dMmaco, ""~moc ! Vwcm H$m` nm{hOo ?'' ""Jm`Ìr nwaüaU H$aÊ`mMr \$ma BÀN>m Amho, H$ê$ H$m ?'' ~mimgmho~m§Zr {dMmaco Am{U VËjUr Vã`oV A{Ve` jrU Pmcr hmoVr Varhr lr_hmamO VmS>H$Z AY©dQ> CRy>Z ~gco Am{U Ë`m§Zr ~mimgmho~m§da H$R>moa eãXm§Mm dfm©d H$arV Ë`m§Mo _mJUo YwS>H$mdyZ cmdco. ~mimgmho~ jU^a ñV§{^VM Pmco. lr_hmamOm§Zm AmnU {dZmH$maU Ìmg {Xcm åhUyZ {ha_wgco Pmco. lr_hmamO WmoS>çm doimZo nwÝhm S>moio {_Qy>Z AmS>do Pmco. H$m` H$amdo ho Z gwMyZ jU^a ~mimgmho~ ñVãY C^o am{hco Am{U _J Yra H$ê$Z nwÝhm nm` Mony cmJco. lr_hmamOm§Zr nwÝhm {dMmaco, ""H$moU ?'' ""_r, ~mi !'' ~mimgmho~ nwÝhm åhUmco. lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""_mJ Vwcm H$m` nm{hOo Vo !'' Voìhm ~mimgmho~ åhUmco H$s, _cm Amnë`m MaUm§Mo gX¡d ñ_aU amhmdo. lr_hmamOm§Zr S>moio CKSy>Z àgÞ _wÐoZo ~mimgmho~m§H$S>o nm{hco Am{U "VWmñVw' åhUyZ Amerdm©X {Xcm. lr_hmamOm§À`m gm{ÞÜ`mV `oUmam _mUyg ghdmgmZo hiyhiy A§V~m©ø ~XcV Om`Mm. lr_hmamOm§Mr {eñV, XjVm Am{U Xamam EdT>m hmoVm H$s Kar ZmR>minUm H$aUmam _wcJm lr_hmamOm§À`m Odi R>odcm H$s lr_hmamO Ë`mcm A§V~m©ø ~XcyZ Q>mH$m`Mo. lr.àgmX V|S>wcH$a gm§JVmV H$s, "XJS> Ogm R>moHy$Z KS>dVmV Vgm lr_hmamOm§Zr _cm KS>{dcocm Amho.' Aem AZoH$ gw§Xa _yVu lr_hmamOm§Zr KS>{dë`m; na§Vw Ho$di R>moHy$Z XJS> KS>{dVm `oVmo. _mUgmcm KS>{dVmZm Ë`mhrnojm A{YH$ H$mhr H$amdo cmJVo. Ë`mcm ào_hr Úmdo cmJVo, _m`mhr cmdmdr cmJVo Am{U Ë`mMm ZmR>minUmhr g_OyZ ¿`mdm cmJVmo. Ë`mgmR>r H$éUoZo H$mR>moH$mR> ^ê$Z Amog§S>Umao H$mirO Agmdo cmJVo. lr.{dœZmW X. à^wXogmB© `m Amnë`m ^º$mcm nmR>{dcoë`m EH$m nÌmV lr_hmamOm§Zr {c{hco hmoVo, ""AmnU doioda OodUImU KoV Omdo, Zmhr Va Amåhmcm Cndmg KS>Vmo.'' Amnë`m ^º$m§~ÔcMr lr_hmamOm§Mr hiwdma ^mdZm `m gmÜ`mem dmŠ`mV Ë`m§Zr AJXr ghO ì`º$ Ho$cr Amho. nwÊ`mÀ`m lr.qMVm_U har namS>H$a `m§Mm Q>oc[a§JMm ì`dgm` hmoVm. lr_hmamO Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z _§{XamVrc JS>r_mUgm§Mo H$nS>o {edyZ KoV AgV. _mno lr_hmamOm§XoIV ¿`m`Mr. {edUH$m_mV Pmcoë`m MwH$m lr_hmamO XmIdyZ Úm`Mo. Vo åhUm`Mo, ""JmdmV ~aoM Mm§Jco Q>oca AmhoV. na§Vw _r EH$Xm Vwåhmcm Amnco åhQ>co H$s Vw_À`m{edm` Xwgè`mcm H$m_ XoUma Zmhr. Vwåhr _cm O_V Zmhr Ago åhUmcmV Varhr Vw_À`mH$Sy>ZM _r H$m_ H$ê$Z KoUma.'' EH$Xm Va ñdV:Mo 12 eQ>©²g Ë`m§Zr namS>H$am§Zm {edm`cm {Xco. namS>H$a g§H$moMyZ, "H$m°ca {edm`bm _bm {VVHo$go O_Uma Zmhr' Ago åhUmco Va H$m°ca H$er {edm`Mr ho AmH¥$Vr H$mTy>Z AZw^d Ho$di.. / 205

lr_hmamOm§Zr g_OmdyZ gm§{JVco. "Amnë`m' namS>H$am§À`m g§gmamcm hmV^ma cmdÊ`mgmR>r lr_hmamOm§Mr hr YS>nS> hmoVr. øm ào_mZoM Ë`m§Mo VrZhr {Ma§Ord gwaoeamd, adrH$mH$m Am{U {dZm`H$amd AOyZhr _§{XamV AI§S> H$m`©aV AmhoV Am{U AmVm {Vgar-Mm¡Wr {nT>rhr Ë`mM lÕoZo _§{XamV gh^mJr hmoV Amho. Aer AZoH$ Hw$Qw>§~o _§{XamV g§nyU©nUo a_cocr AmhoV. do._y.gào JwéOtMo g§nyU© Hw$Qw>§~ _§{XamVrc H$m_mV a§JyZ Jococo Amho. lr_Vr gwYmVmB© gào `m§Mm Agm {dœmg Amho H$s, Ë`m§Mr Mmahr _wco lr_hmamOm§À`m N>m`oV dmT>cr, _§{XamV Ë`m§À`mda Oo g§ñH$ma Pmco Ë`m_wio _wcm§H$Sy>Z AmB©-d{S>cm§Mm H$YrM Anojm^§J Pmcm Zmhr. gm_m{OH$ dmVmdaU PnmQ>çmZo {~KS>V AgVmZm, g_mOmV dmdê$Zhr _wco dV©ZmZo {Zc}n am{hcr `mcm Ho$di lr_hmamOm§Mr {eñV, g§ñH$ma Am{U d¡Mm[aH$ OS>UKS>U H$maUr^yV Amho. _mÌ gX²Jwê§$Mo ào_ {_idm`cm, Ë`m§Zr "Amnco' åhUm`cm g§nyU© {Zð>m Ë`m§À`m nm`r dmhmdr cmJVo. lr._§Joe {dZm`H$ Hw$cH$Ur© Am{U Ë`m§Mo dS>rc {dZm`H$ gXm{ed Hw$cH$Uu ho 1958 gmcr lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r àW_ Joco. _mÌ gwédmVrg {H$Ë`oH$ doim Ago Pmco H$s, lr_hmamOm§Zr Joë`mJoë`m Ë`m§Zm e|JXmUo XoD$Z ~moidU H$amdr. {dZm`H$amdm§Zr åhUmdo, ""Amnë`m Xe©Zmcm Amcmo Amho.'' Va lr_hmamO {MSy>Z åhUm`Mo, ""_mPo H$gco Xe©Z KoVm ? _mÂ`mH$S>o H$m` Amho ? Xe©Z ¿`m`Mo Va lrñdm_tMo ¿`m !'' AZoH$ doim IÅz> hmoD$Z {nVmnwÌ naV OmV. _mÌ EH$Xm lr._a~ùir `m§À`m gëë`mà_mUo lr._§Joe Am{U Ë`m§Mo chmZ ~§Yy lr.JwéZmW ""e|S>r VwQ>mo H$s nma§~r'' Agm {Zü` H$ê$ZM {X.15 _mM© 1959 amoOr lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r _a~ùitÀ`m Kar Joco. Ë`m {Xder lr_hmamOm§Zr lr._§Joeamdm§Zm g_moa ~gdyZ KoVco. _mÌ _§Joeamdm§Zr Amncr H¡${\$`V Ë`m§À`mg_moa _m§S>ë`mda amJmamJmZo lr_hmamO Ë`m§Zm åhUmco, ""àn§MmV gwIXw:I ho `oUmaM. àmn§{MH$ _mUgmZo Ë`mMm gm_Zm H$am`cm {eH$co nm{hOo. Vw_Mo àý gmoS>dm`cm _r `oWo ~gcocm Zmhr.'' lr_hmamOm§Mo ~mocUo EoHy$Z XmoÝhr ~§Yy {Zame _ZmZo CR>co Am{U Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z {ZKmco. Z_ñH$ma H$aVmZm lr._§Joeamd _ZmV lr_hmamOm§Mr H$éUm ^mHy$Z åhUmco, ""Jwé _m` _mD$cr, Vy Am_Mm gm§^mi H$a !'' A§Vkm©Zr lr_hmamO Ë`m§Zm åhUmco, ""AmÎmm Oo _ZmV åhUmcmV Vo _moR>çmZo åhUm.'' _§Joeamdm§Zr Amncr àmW©Zm lr_hmamOm§Zm EoH${dcr Voìhm jUmV lr_hmamO em§V Pmco, àgÞ Pmco Am{U Ë`m jUmnmgyZ Hw$cH$Uu Hw$Qw>§~r`m§Zm lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnco åhUyZ Odi Ho$co. lr.dg§V {^H$mOr hf} `m lr_hmamOm§À`m nwÊ`mVrc EH$m ^º$m§Zrhr Amncr gX²>Jwé{Zð>m, H$gmoQ>rÀ`m narjoV CÎm_ àH$mao CÎmrU© hmoD$Z XmIdyZ {Xcr. lr.hf} g§gmamVrc AS>MUtZr AJXr ÌmgyZ Joco hmoVo. EH$m_mJyZ EH$ g§H$Q>o `oVM hmoVr; na§Vw Ë`m§Zr lrXÎmmÌo`m§Mr CnmgZm {Zð>oZo Mmcdcr hmoVr. 206 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

EH$Xm lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Mr AdñWm OmUyZ Ë`m§Zm Ago gm§{JVco H$s, Vw_À`m Xoìhmè`mV {Û^wO JUnVr Amho. Ë`mMr CnmgZm _mJrc VrZ {nT>çm§V Pmcr Zmhr åhUyZM Vwåhmcm Ìmg hmoV Amho. Voìhm qMMdS>cm OmD$Z lr _moa`m Jmogmdr Am{U Ë`m§À`m gmV d§eOm§Mo Oo g_m{Y_§{Xa Amho, Ë`mcm ""àUå` {eagm Xod§'' ho ñVmoÌ åhUV 21 àX{jUm gVV 21 {Xdg Kmcm. ZmoH$ar gm§^miyZ ho gmao H$am`Mo åhUOo {Xì`M hmoVo. _mÌ hf} `m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Mr Amkm à_mU _mZyZ amoO amÌr qMMdS>cm _w¸$m_mcm OmD$Z, nhmQ>o cdH$a CRy>Z ho d«V nyU© Ho$co. CnmgZm nyU© Pmë`mda lr_hmamO åhUmco H$s, ""_r VwPr narjm nmhmÊ`mgmR>r Vwcm EdT>r H$R>rU CnmgZm gm§{JVcr Am{U Vy Ë`m narjoV CÎmrU© Pmcm Amhog.'' Ë`mZ§Va lrJUnVrMr AmUIrhr CnmgZm Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z H$adyZ KoVcr Am{U Ë`m§Zm gwImg_mYmZmMo {Xdg XmI{dco. lr.hf} {_{cQ>ar_Ü`o {gpìhcr`Z åhUyZ ZmoH$arcm hmoVo. 1965 gmcr Ë`m§Zm ImË`mV\}$ hmoUmè`m d¡ÚH$s` VnmgUrcm Omdo cmJUma hmoVo. lr.hf} `m§À`m EH$m S>moù`mV Xmof hmoVm. Ë`m_wio d¡ÚH$s` VnmgUrV AnmÌ R>aë`mg ZmoH$arcm _wH$mdo cmJoc Aer ^rVr hmoVr. lr.hf} `m§Zr Amncr ^rVr lr_hmamOm§nmer ì`º$ Ho$cr. Voìhm lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm Yra {Xcm Am{U narjocm gm_moao Om`cm gm§{JVco. àË`j VnmgUrÀ`m doir Ñ{ï>XmofmMm àý ~mOygM am{hcm Am{U Ë`m§Zm hm{Z©`mMm Ìmg Agmdm Aer e§H$m VnmgUmè`m A{YH$mè`m§Zm Amcr. nwÝhm Xwgè`m {Xder VnmgUr Pmcr. Ë`mM A{YH$mè`mZo hf]Zm Am¡fYmonMma H$ê$Z ¿`m, Ago gm§JyZ "Zm°_©c {\$Q>' Agm eoam {chÿZ {Xcm. AmZ§XmZo lr.hf} lr_hmamOm§Zm Z_ñH$ma H$am`cm Amco, Voìhm lr_hmamOm§Mr n{hcmM àý {dMmacm, ""H$m` ! {\$Q> g{Q>©{\$Ho$Q> {_imco H$m` ?'' VnmgUr A{YH$mè`mcm "{\$Q> g{Q>©{\$Ho$Q>' XoÊ`mMr àoaUm lr_hmamOm§À`mM gm_Ï`m©_wio {_imcr. lr_hmamOm§À`m A§Jr Agcoco, "AeŠ`mcm eŠ`' H$aÊ`mMo gm_Ï`© AZoH$ ^º$m§Zr AZw^dco Amho. lr_hmamO _mÌ "H$V} H$a{dVo lrgX²>Jwê$' `m ^mdZoZoM `m gJù`m Jmoï>tÀ`m lo`mnmgyZ ñdV:cm A{cá R>odm`Mo. lr_hmamO EH$Xm ½dmëhoacm {M_mgmho~ amOo{eH}$ `m§À`mH$S>o Joco hmoVo. gmo~V lr.dg§V _hmXod D$\©$ ~mOramd {Q>Ho$H$a Am{U AÝ` VrZ-Mma ^º$ _§S>ir hmoVr. XmoZ JmS>çm§VyZ hr gd© _§S>ir àdmg H$arV AgVmZm {Q>Ho$H$am§À`m JmS>rMm \° Z~oëQ> VwQ>cm. _mJyZ `oUmè`m Xwgè`m JmS>rÀ`m S´>m`ìhaZo Vmo ~XcyZ {Xcm. nwT>o {ZKVmZm lr_hmamO {Q>Ho$H$am§Zm åhUmco, ""~mOramd, hr JmS>r Amnë`mcm Ìmg XoVo Amho. Voìhm Vy Mmcdy ZH$mog; _rM hr JmS>r MmcdVmo.'' lr_hmamOm§Zr g\$mB©Zo JmS>r gwê$ Ho$cr. ½dmëhoa-B§Xya añVm Aé§XM hmoVm. na§Vw g_moê$Z `oUmè`m dmhZm§Zm dmQ> XoV lr_hmamO JmS>r MmcdV hmoVo. H$mhr doim JmS>r ~mOyg KoVmZm, añË`mÀ`m ~mOyg Agcoë`m IS>rÀ`m {T>Jm§da S>mì`m ~mOyMr XmoÝhr MmHo$ MT>V. lr_hmamOm§Zr `mnydu H$Yr JmS>r Mmc{dë`mMo H$moUr nm{hcoco ZìhVo. Aé§X añVm, ahXmarMr dX©i Am{U AZmoiIr àXoe `m_wio JmS>rVrc ghàdmgr Km~acoco hmoVo. lr._Ý`mgmho~ AZw^d Ho$di.. / 207

~mnwgmho~ amOo{eH}$ ho Va JmS>rVyZ CVaÊ`mÀ`mM V`marV hmoVo; na§Vw lr_hmamO gdmªZm Km~ê$ ZH$m åhUyZ gm§JV hmoVo Am{U g§WnUo JmS>r hmH$V hmoVo. Agm 25-26 {H$._r.àdmg Pmcm. EdT>çmV nwT>o Jococr Xwgar JmS>r añË`mÀ`m H$S>ocm Wm§~cocr nm{hë`mda lr_hmamOm§Zr {Q>Ho$H$am§Zm {dMmaco, ""~mOramd, JmS>rMm ~«oH$ Hw$R>o Amho ? AmVm JmS>r Wm§~dm`cm nm{hOo !'' lr_hmamOm§À`m `m àýmda {Q>Ho$H$a MH«$mdyZM Joco Am{U Ë`m§Zr ~«oH$ cmdyZ JmS>r Wm§~{dcr. ~«oH$ H$moR>o Amho hohr _mhrV ZgVmZm lr_hmamOm§Zr 25-26 {H$._r.JmS>r Mmc{dcr ho nmhÿZ gmaoM Amü`©M{H$V Pmco. gmo~V Agcoco lr.{dO` amOo{eH}$ Ë`m doir åhUmco Vo Ajae: Iao Amho. Vo åhUmco, ""lr_hmamOm§Zm `m Xw{Z`oV H$moUVrhr Jmoï> H$aUo AeŠ` Zmhr.'' EH$Xm lr_hmamO S>oadUhÿZ nwÊ`mcm _hm~ioœa_mJ} `oV hmoVo. lr.A_moc H$m|S>H$a JmS>r MmcdV hmoVo. _hm~ioœaÀ`m KmQ>mV JmS>rVyZ _moR>m AmdmO `m`cm cmJcm. AmdmO ^r{VXm`H$M hmoVm åhUyZ H$m|S>H$a `m§Zr Imcr CVê$Z nm{hco; nU H$gcm AmdmO Vo g_Oco Zmhr. lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""Aao, ñdm_r Amnë`m ~amo~a AgVmZm {^Vmog H$gcm ?'' Ë`m§Zr ""lr ñdm_r g_W© _hmamO H$s O`'' Agm Kmof _moR>çm AmdmOmV Ho$cm Am{U åhUmco, ""JmS>r gwê$ H$a, AmdmO dJ¡ao H$mhr `oUma Zmhr !'' JmS>r gwê$ H$aVmM AmdmO dJ¡ao ~§X Pmcm Am{U JmS>r AJXr Zì`m JmS>rgmaIr Mmcy cmJcr. H$mÌOn`ªV JmS>r Amcr d nwÝhm AmdmO gwê$ Pmcm. lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""AmVm nwUo Amco. AmVm Wm§~y ZH$m.'' JmS>r VerM _§{Xamn`ªV Amcr. Xwgè`m {Xder J°aoOcm XwéñVrgmR>r JmS>r nmR>{dcr Voìhm cjmV Amco H$s ìhrc ~oA[a§JMo M¸$ XmoZ VwH$S>o Pmcoco hmoVo Am{U AmV EH$hr ~m°c OmJoda ZìhVm ! Vmo _oH°${ZH$hr åhUmcm H$s, Aem AdñWoV hr JmS>r `oWda gwIê$n Amcr Vr Ho$di lr_hmamOm§À`m gm_Ï`m©ZoM. lr_hmamOm§Mo gm_Ï`© MamMamda {Z`§ÌU R>odUmao hmoVo. lr.har am_M§Ð _wUJoH$a nydu _§{XamV godogmR>r am{hcoco AgVmZm Ë`m§Zr `mMr à{MVr KoVcr. EH$Xm amÌr _§{XamÀ`m AmdmamVrc gJio Zi Mmoarcm Joco. nhmQ>o CR>ë`mda hr Jmoï> cjmV Amcr. ^rV^rVM Pmcm àH$ma Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§À`m H$mZr KmVcm; na§Vw Anojoà_mUo g§VmnÊ`mEodOr lr_hmamO ImoImo hgm`cm cmJco. Vo åhUmco, ""Aao, Pmco Vo ~aoM Pmco. Amnco Xm[aÐç Ë`m§Zr Mmoaco. Amnco Zer~ H$m H$moUmcm MmoaVm `oUma Amho ? Q>mH$sV nmUr {H$Vr {e„H$ Amho Vo nmhÿZ `o AJmoXa !'' nmUr dmhÿZ Joco Agoc ho Ë`m§À`m S>moŠ`mVM Amco ZìhVo. nmUr dmhÿZ Joco Agoc Va {Xdg^a _moR>m ~mH$m àg§J hmoVm. _wUJoH$a YmdVYmdV nmUr {H$Vr {e„H$ Amho ho nmhm`cm Joco Am{U Ë`m§Zm Y¸$mM ~gcm. Q>mH$sVrc nmUr OgoÀ`m Vgo hmoVo. nmBnm§Mr Vm|S>o gVmS> CKS>r AgVmZm Q>mH$sVrc nmUr _mÌ dmhÿZ Joco Zmhr ! `m _wUJoH$am§Zm EH$m Jmoï>r{df`r _ZmV Hw$Vyhc hmoVo. lr_hmamO lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamVrc nyOm AmQ>monyZ {ZKV Ë`m doir Ë`m§À`m Odirc Z¡doÚmÀ`m N>moQ>çm dmQ>rVrc Z¡doÚmMo XyY àgmX åhUyZ 208 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

dmQ>oV ^oQ>Umè`m gdmªÀ`m hmVmda g§Ü`oÀ`m nirZo WmoS>oWmoS>o KmcrV. OmVmZm dmQ>oda "emå`m' Hw$Ìmhr C^m Ago Am{U Ë`mcmhr Vmo àgmX {_iV Ago Am{U Varhr dmQ>rV WmoS>o XyY {e„H$ amhr. Ë`mMà_mUo lr_hmamO _§{XamV Am{U {ZdmgñWmZmV doJdoJù`m 10-12 {R>H$mUr CX~Îmr cmdrV AgV. _wUJoH$am§Zm Hw$Vyhc hmoVo H$s lr_hmamO CX~Î`m _moOyZ KoVmV H$m ? åhUyZ EH$ {Xdg Vo lr_hmamOm§À`m ~amo~a am{hco Am{U Ë`m§À`m _mJmo_mJ ho CX~Î`m cmdUo nmhmV {\$ê$ cmJco. Ë`m {Xder lr_hmamOm§Zr Zoh_rà_mUoM 10-12 CX~Î`m Z _moOVmM KoVë`m Am{U Zoh_rÀ`m OmJr CX~Î`m cmdVmZm AmUIr 10-12 Zì`m OmJrhr CX~Î`m cmdë`m åhUOo EH§$Xa 24-25 {R>H$mUr CX~Î`m cmdë`m ho nmhÿZ _wUJoH$a Amü`©M{H$VM Pmco. Am{U eodQ>r _hmamOm§Zr hgV hgV _wUJoH$am§Zm {dMmaco, ""H$m` ao ^mD$, gd© Xodm§Zm CX~Î`m nwaë`m Zm ?'' Voìhm _wUJoH$a AdmH$M Pmco. Amnë`m {à` ^º$_§S>iter lr_hmamO H$Yr \$ma {_píH$cnUo dmJV AgV. lr.{dZm`H$amd namS>H$a EH$Xm CËgdmMo doir lr_hmamOm§À`m n§JVrcm Oodm`cm ~gco hmoVo. dmT>Umè`mZo AmJ«hmZo {eam ^anya dmT>cm. Aem doir lr_hmamOhr H$m¡VwH$mZo gdmªZm AmJ«h H$am`Mo. CËgdH$mimV l_Umè`m ñd`§godH$m§Mo H$m¡VwH$ H$aÊ`mgmR>r lr_hmamO AmJ«h H$am`Mo Am{U _J dmT>Umaohr CËgmhmZo n¹$mÞm§Zr nmZ ^ê$Z Q>mH$m`Mo. Ë`mà_mUo dmT>cocm Vmo {eè`mMm T>rJ nmhÿZ {dZm`H$amd h¡amU Pmco hmoVo. dmT>nr Joë`mda lr_hmamO {dZm`H$amdm§Zm åhUmco, ""H$m` ao OmñV Pmcm H$m ?'' {dZm`H$amd hmo åhUmco. lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""_J Ag§ H$a, OodT>m OmñV Pmcm Agoc VodT>m EH$m ~mOyg H$a Am{U hdm Agoc VodT>m EH$m ~mOyg H$a !'' {dZm`H$amdm§Zm ~ao dmQ>co. OmñV Pmcocm {eam Im„m Zmhr Var Mmcoc `m {dMmamZo Ë`m§Zr ~amMgm ^mJ EH$m ~mOyg Ho$cm d WmoS>mgm ^mJ ImÊ`mgmR>r EH$m ~mOyg KoVcm. ho nmhÿZ lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""Pmco XmoZ ^mJ H$ê$Z ? _J Ag§ H$a, OmñV Pmcm` Vmo AmYr Im Am{U hdm Agcocm Z§Va Im !'' n§JVrV gdmªZmM hgy \w$Q>co. lr.XÎmmÌo` amOmam_ D$\©$ Aßnm _mo{hao ho S>oadU `oWrc lr_hmamOm§Mo {dœmgy ^º$. lr_hmamO S>oadUcm Amco H$s ho gH$mi, g§Ü`mH$mi lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmcm `m`Mo. lr_hmamO Ë`m§Zm {dœmgmZo H$mhr H$m_o gm§Jm`Mo. lr_hmamOm§À`m _OuVco Agë`m_wio Ë`m§Zm S>oadU_Yrc {damoYr H§$nyZo Iyn Ìmghr {Xcm. `m Aßnm _mo{hao§Zm H$mimoImVyZ EH$Q>çmZo OmÊ`mMr \$ma ^rVr dmQ>m`Mr. Ë`mdê$Z lr_hmamO Zoh_r Ë`m§Mr J§_V H$am`Mo. gm`§H$mir AmaVr Pmcr H$s Xe©Zmcm Amcoco J«m_ñW EH$EH$ H$ê$Z Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z lr_hmamOm§Mm {Zamon ¿`m`Mo. na§Vw lr_hmamO Aßnm§Zm {Zamon H$mhr Úm`Mo ZmhrV. Om åhUyZhr gm§JV ZgV Am{U amhm åhUyZhr gm§JV ZgV. _J Mm§Jcm H$mimoI Pmcm H$s åhUm`Mo, ""Aßnm, Vwåhr {ZKm AmVm !'' nU Aßnm H$gco {ZKVmV ? ~mhoaMm H$mimoI ~KyZ Aßnm _§{XamVM amhm`Mo R>adm`Mo. _hmamO nwÝhm WmoS>çm doimZo åhUm`Mo, ""Aßnm, 100 én`o XoVmo, EH$Q>o Kar OmD$Z XmIdm !'' Aßnm åhUm`Mo, ""Zmhr _hmamO ! _r Amncm `oWoM amhmVmo !'' _J hr a¸$_ AZw^d Ho$di.. / 209

H$Yr hOma én`m§n`ªV dmT>m`Mr. _mÌ Aßnm _§{XamVM gwa{jV amhmUo ng§V H$arV. `m Aßnm§Zm lr_hmamOm§Zr H$m_mgmR>r EH$ gwVma AmUm`cm gm§{JVcm hmoVm. Ë`m§Zr Ë`mà_mUo gwVma AmUcm, na§Vw H$m_ WmoS>o a|Jmico hmoVo. Ë`mVM EH$ {Xdg lr_hmamO S>oadUcm Amcoco AgVmZm, hm gwVma hm¡er a§J^yfmH$ma Agë`m_wio gmdS>çm©cm Ë`m {Xder hmoUmè`m ñWm{ZH$ cmoH$m§À`m ZmQ>H$mMr a§J^yfm H$am`cm åhUyZ cdH$a H$m_ gmoSy>Z Jocm. H$m_ AmYrM _mJo nSco hmoVo. Ë`mdê$Z Xwgè`m {Xder lr_hmamO Aßnm _mo{ha|Zm ^anya ~mocco. Aßnm Vm|S>mda H$mhr ~mocco ZmhrV. na§Vw _ZmVyZ Iyn amJmdco Am{U lr_hmamOm§Zm Z gm§JVmM {ZKyZ Joco. XmoZ {Xdg _§{XamH$S>o {\$aH$coM ZmhrV. _mÌ {Vgè`m {Xder Ë`m§Mo _Z Ë`m§Zm ImD$ cmJco Am{U égdm g§në`mda _mVoH$S>o Ymd KoUmè`m _wcmgmaIo Aßnm naV lr_hmamOm§Zm ^oQ>m`cm gm`§H$mir _§{XamV Amco. lr_hmamOm§Zr cm§~yZM Aßnm§Zm `oVmZm nmhÿZ _moR>çmZo {dMmaco, ""H$m` Aßnm, MH«$rdmXi Joc§ H$m` ?'' Aßnm§À`m _ZmVrc amJ H$moR>À`m H$moR>o CSy>Z Jocm. Ë`m {Xder amÌrÀ`m OodUmcm Ë`m§Zr Aßnm Am{U Vmo gwVma`ed§V _oñÌr `m XmoKm§Zmhr ào_mZo R>odyZ KoVco. `m AmnwcH$s_wio Aßnm§Zm AJXr ^ê$Z Amco. MwH$Umè`m _mUgmcm Ë`mÀ`m MwH$sMr OmUrd H$R>moanUo H$ê$Z XoD$Z Z§Va nwÝhm _moH$ù`m _ZmZo Ë`mcm Odi H$aÊ`mÀ`m lr_hmamOm§À`m ñd^mdm_wio lr_hmamOm§^modVr hOmamo _mUgo Jmoim Pmcr. lr.e{eH$m§V gwVma `m§Zm à^m{dV H$ê$Z Jocm Vmo lr_hmamOm§Mm g§H$Q>mer I§~ranUo P§wO XoÊ`mMm ñd^md ! {damoYH$m§À`m CnX²>ì`mnm_wio AZoH$ g§H$Q>o dmXimgmaIr EH$m_mJyZ EH$ W¡_mZ KmcyZ Jocr; na§Vw lr_hmamO S>J_JyZ Joco ZmhrV. Ë`mVhr {deof hm H$s Ë`m§Zr g§H$Q>mcm EH$Q>çmZo Vm|S> {Xco. g§H$Q>mVgwÕm Ë`m§Zm Xwgè`mH$Sy>Z gmhmæ`mMr Anojm Zgo. lr.dg§VXmXm nmQ>rc EH$Xm nwÊ`mcm Amco AgVmZm Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmcm OmÊ`mMr BÀN>m ì`º$ Ho$cr. Ë`m doir Vo _hmamï´>mMo _w»`_§Ìr hmoVo. nwÊ`mVrc ñWmZm{df`r H$mhr ImoS>gmi ~mVå`m Ë`m doir dV©_mZnÌmVyZ Amë`m hmoË`m. {edm` nwUo _hmnm{cHo$Zo _§{XamVrc g^m_§S>n AZ{YH¥$V ~m§YH$m_ R>adyZ Vmo nmS>Ê`mMm A`eñdr CnX²>ì`mn H$ê$Z nm{hcm hmoVm. {hVeÌy§À`m AZoH$ H$madm`m Mmcy hmoË`m, OoUoH$ê$Z emgZ Xa~mar Am{U OZVoV nwÊ`mVrc ñWmZm{df`r Ho$di J¡ag_O ngaoc. `m nmœ©^y_rda lr.dg§VXmXm§À`m g„mJmam§Zr Ë`m§Zm _§{XamV Z OmÊ`mMm g„m {Xcm hmoVm. na§Vw lr.dg§VXmXm§Mr lr_hmamOm§da \$ma lÕm hmoVr. Vo JmOmdmOm Z H$aVm, _moOŠ`mM _§S>itg_doV lr_hmamOm§Zm ^oQ>m`cm Amco. Ë`m ^oQ>rÀ`m doir lr_hmamO Ë`m§À`m {déÕ Mmccoë`m ~XZm_r _mo{h_og§~§Yr XmXm§er H$mhr ~mocVrc Aer gdmªMr AQ>H$i hmoVr. na§Vw lr_hmamO Ë`mg§~§Yr g§nyU© ^oQ>rV Admjahr ~mocco ZmhrV. CcQ> XmXm§ZrM _hmamï´> amÁ`mÀ`m {dH$mgmgmR>r ~i Úmdo Aer lr_hmamOm§Zm àmW©Zm Ho$cr. amOH$maUmVrc AZoH$ e{º$emcr ì`º$s¨er lr_hmamOm§Mo AJXr {ZH$Q>Mo {Oìhmù`mMo g§~§Y hmoVo. Ë`m ì`º$s EdT>çm à^mdemcr hmoË`m H$s lr_hmamOm§Zm Ìmg XoUmao Ë`m§Mo {damoYH$ Ë`m VwcZoV 210 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

AJXrM H$:nXmW© hmoVo. na§Vw Varhr lr_hmamOm§Zr `m ñWm{ZH$ ^waQ>çm§Mm ~§Xmo~ñV H$aÊ`mgmR>r Amnë`m AmoiItMm H$Yrhr dmna Ho$cm Zmhr. 1980 Vo 1985 `m Xaå`mZ S>oadU `oWo AJa nwUo `oWo {damoYH$m§Zr h¡Xmog KmVcm hmoVm. Ë`m doir lr_hmamO _mÌ XoenmVirda H$mhrVar ì`mnH$ ñdê$nmV ~Xc ìhmdoV, T>mgiVr g_mOì`dñWm H$moUrVar g_W© hmVmZo gmdamdr, XoemMr dmQ>Mmc CÁÁdc ^{dî`mH$S>o ìhmdr `mgmR>r à`ËZerc hmoVo. doJdoJù`m doir, doJdoJù`m {R>H$mUr KS>coë`m H$mhr àg§JmVyZ `m à`ËZm§Mo WmoS>o {MÌ C^o amhVo. gZ 1981À`m _mM© _{hÝ`mV lr_hmamO "lr AmZ§X_`r _m±' `m§À`m ^oQ>rgmR>r d¥§XmdZcm Ë`m§À`m Aml_mV Joco hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§gmo~V lr.dmcmdcH$a gmho~, lr.~mUmdcr Am{U lr.d._.{Q>Ho$H$a AmXr ^º$_§S>ir hmoVr. Aml_mV nmohmoMVmM lr _m±Zr VËH$mi lr_hmamOm§Zm ^oQ>rcm ~mocmdco. _m±Mo à_wI {eî` ^mñH$amZ§X gÝ_mZnyd©H$ lr_hmamOm§Zm "_m±'H$S>o KoD$Z Joco. AZoH$ VèhoMr \w$co, \$io, {_R>mB©, nm§T>è`m ew^« aoe_r gmS>çm, CËH¥$ï> aoe_r emcr lr_hmamOm§Zr _m±Zm ^oQ>rXmIc XoD$Z Ë`m§Mm gËH$ma Ho$cm. lr_hmamOm§Zr EH$ g\$aM§X "AmnHo$ {c`o' Ago åhUyZ AmXanyd©H$ Ë`m§À`m hmVr {Xco. _m±ZrXoIrc Vo ñdV:Odi R>odyZ Amnë`m go{dH$m§Zm "ho _r Z§Va ImB©Z, Ë`mcm hmV cmdy ZH$m' Ago gm§{JVco. Vã`oV A{Ve` jrU Pmcr AgVmZmhr go{dH$m§À`m AmYmao hiyhiy C^o amhÿZ Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Mo ñdmJV Ho$co Am{U Ë`m§Zrhr lr_hmamOm§Mr CËH¥$ï> g§^mdZm Ho$cr. H$mhr H$mi {Z:eãX Jocm. _J lr_hmamO lr_m±Zm CÔoeyZ åhUmco, ""AmnU gmjmV "H$mcr_mVm' AmhmV. AmnU gd©Ì ^ê$Z am{hcoë`m AmhmV. CÕma gdmªMmM ìhm`cm hdm. Y_©ñWmnZm H$aUo Amho. `m qhXwñWmZmV XoemgmR>r AmnUm gdmªZm naVnaV OÝ_ ¿`mdm cmJoc. Var Ë`mH$[aVm Amåhr V`ma AmhmoV !'' `m H$mhrem JyT> dmVm©cmnmZ§Va lr_hmamO nwT>o åhUmco, ""lrgX²>Jwê$ ~m~m§Mm {Zamon _m±Zr B§{XamOtZm gm§{JVcm nm{hOo.'' lr_Vr B§{Xam Jm§Yr Ë`m doir AmUr~mUrZ§VaÀ`m _mZhmZrH$maH$ nam^dmZ§Va nwÝhm _moR>çm {X_mImZo OZVoMm {dœmg g§nmXyZ n§VàYmZnXmda Amê$T> Pmë`m hmoË`m. _m°§ åhUmë`m, ""B§{XamOr H$mhr _mÂ`m "{eî`m' ZmhrV'' lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""{eî`m ZmhrV !'' na§Vw AmnU Va B§{XamOtZm Amnë`m Jù`mVrc _mi {Xcr Amho.'' _m°§ åhUmë`m, ""_mi {Xcr ho Iao, na§Vw Vr B§{XamOr _mÂ`m "^º$' AmhoV åhUyZ.'' `mda lr_hmamO {ZjyZ åhUmco, ""VwåhrM _mÂ`m gX²>Jwê§$Mm {Zamon B§{XamOtZm gm§{JVcm nm{hOo.'' _m± H$mhr doi EH$mJ«VoZo lr_hmamOm§H$S>o _yH$nUo Ñï>r amoIyZ nmhmV am{hë`m Am{U Z§Va H$mhr A{YH$ Z ~mocVm Ë`m§Zr ^mñH$amZ§Xm§Zm B§{XamOtÀ`m ^oQ>rMr ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mg gm§{JVco. gX²>Jwê§$Mm {Zamon H$m` hmoVm `m {df`r lr_hmamOhr CKS>nUo H$mhr ~mocco ZmhrV Am{U _m±Zrhr Ë`m~Ôc H$mhr {dMmaco Zmhr. `oWo AmYrMr EH$ AmR>dU gm§JUo AàñVwV hmoUma Zmhr. 1977 gmcÀ`m {ZdS>UwH$sV H$m±J«ogMm CÎma ^maVmV XméU nam^d Pmcm Am{U gÎmm hmVyZ Jocr. `m P§PmdmVmV IwÔ B§{XamOr nwÌ g§O`gh AZw^d Ho$di.. / 211

nam^yV Pmë`m. nwÊ`mcm _§{XamV lr.AemoH$amd Omoer CËgwH$VoZo ao{S>Amoda ~mVå`m EoH$V hmoVo. B§{XamOtMm nam^d Pmë`mMo EoHy$Z Vo MQ>H$Z åhUmco H$s "~mB© AmVm J«m_n§Mm`VrVgwÕm {ZdSy>Z `oUma ZmhrV.' Ë`mda lr_hmamO Ë`m doir Ë`m§Zm AS>dyZ åhUmco hmoVo H$s B§{XamOr nwÝhm VrZ-Mma dfmªVM gÎmoda `oVrc Am{U hr ~mV_r VyM _cm Xoerc ! Ë`mà_mUo 1980 gmcr B§{XamOr nwÝhm eWuMr Pw§O XoD$Z n§VàYmZ Pmë`m. _mM© 1981 _Yrc _m±À`m ^oQ>rZ§Va nS>Úm_mJo H$mhr hmcMmcr Pmë`m Agmì`mV. Ë`mMm n[aUm_ åhUyZ àW_ B§{XamOtZm nwÊ`mÀ`m _§{XamV AmUÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ gwê$ hmoVo. _mÌ amOH$maUmÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ Vo J¡agmoB©Mo hmoB©c åhUyZ lr_hmamOm§ZrM {X„rcm Omdo Ago R>aco. Ë`mà_mUo lr_hmamO gmo~V lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~, lr.~mOramd {Q>Ho$H$a Am{U ImgXma lr.qZ~miH$a `m§Zm KoD$Z nyd©{Z`mo{OV doir B§{XamOtZm Ë`m§À`m H$m`m©c`mV ^oQ>co. XmoKm§_Ü`o VËH$mcrZ amOH$s` pñWVrda ~mocUo Pmco. Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§Zr B§{XamOtZm gm§{JVco H$s nwT>rc {H$_mZ n§Mdrg df} AmUr~mUr dm VËg_ H$m`Xm H$ê$Z gdm©{YH$ma Amnë`m hmVr ¿`m. nwT>rc n§Mdrg df} {ZdS>UHw $m ZH$moV. Ho$di Benevolent Dictatorship (gmøH$mar, X`miy hþHy$_emhr) Agmdr. XoemMo gmV {d^mJ nmSy>Z {X„r gaH$maZo Amnco à{V{ZYr Zo_yZ XoemMm H$ma^ma H$amdm. lr_Vr Jm§Yr åhUmë`m H$s, `mnydu AmUcoë`m AmUr~mUrMo n[aUm_ _r AOyZ ^moJV Amho. cmoH$m§Zm AmUr~mUr AmUcocr AmdS>Uma Zmhr. lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""Am{Xeº$s Am{U _mPo gX²>Jwê$ lr~m~m _hmamO `m§À`mH$Sy>Z Amcocm g§Xoe nmohmoMdÊ`mMo H$m_ _r Ho$co. Vwåhr Vmo _mZm AJa Z _mZm. _r _mPo H$m_ Ho$co Amho. _mÌ `m AmXoemMr H$m`©dmhr AmnU H$aUma Agmc Va _r Vw_À`m nmR>rer C^m Amho. Vwåhmcm H$mhr ^rVr Zmhr.'' B§{XamOr åhUmë`m, ""AmnU nwÝhm ^oQy> `m. _r AmnUmcm {VH$sQ> nmR>drZ.'' lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""_mPo gX²>Jwê$ gm§JVrc VoìhmM AmVm _r naV `oB©Z.'' ""~a§, _J _rM nwÊ`mcm `oB©Z,'' Ag§ Ë`m åhUmë`m Am{U Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm {Zamon {Xcm. 1982-83 _Ü`o B§{XamOr nwÊ`mcm lr_hmamOm§Zm ^oQ>m`cm `oUma hmoË`m. na§Vw VoWo amOH$maUr AmS>do Amco Am{U Vr ^oQ> aÔ Pmcr. 1983 gmcr B§{XamOtZr lr_hmamOm§Zm {X„rcm ^oQ>rgmR>r ~mocmdco hmoVo; na§Vw "AmVm \$ma Cera Pmcm Amho. AmVm ^oQy>Z Cn`moJ Zmhr' Ago gm§JyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr Vr ^oQ> Q>micr. lr.M§ÐH$m§V Jmogm{c`m ho {X. 20 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 1984 amoOr lr_hmamOm§Mm, XoemÀ`m {hVmMm Agm, EH$ g§Xoe KoD$Z B§{XamOtÀ`m ^oQ>rcm Joco hmoVo. Ë`m {Xder B§{XamOtZr {X. 7 Zmoìh|~a 1984 amoOr lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmcm `oÊ`mMr BÀN>m ì`º$ Ho$cr. lr_hmamOm§Mo H$mZr ho KmcVmM Vo {IÞnUo åhUmco, ""Vr `oUo eŠ` Zmhr. Vwåhr {chÿZ R>odm. {VZo AmÎmmM `m`cm hdo hmoVo.'' lr.Jmogm{c`m åhUmco, ""AmnU Z¸$s `oVmo Ago Ë`m åhUmë`m AmhoV.'' Ë`mda lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""_r gm§{JVcocr 212 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Jmoï> cjmV R>do m. {VMo `oUo KS>Uma Zmhr.'' Ë`mZ§Va {X. 31.10.1984 amoOr B§{XamOtÀ`m gwajmajH$mZoM Ë`m§Mr {ZK¥©U hË`m Ho$cr. Joë`m n§Mdrg dfmªV XoemVrc amOH$maUmV Pmcoë`m CcWm-nmcWr Am{U {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m cmoH$emhr _mÜ`_mVyZ amOamog _mJm©Zo amOH$maUmMo Pmcoco JwÝhoJmarH$aU nm{hco H$s _hmamO EdT>r YS>nS> H$m H$arV hmoVo ho cjmV `oVo. amï´>r` ñd`§godH$ g§KmMo gag§KMmcH$ lr.JmoidcH$a JwéOr EH$Xm nwÊ`mcm lr_hmamOm§Zm ^oQ>m`cm lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV Amco hmoVo. JwéOr ho Xodr CnmgH$ hmoVo. ho ñWmZ nmhÿZ Am{U lr_hmamOm§À`m ^oQ>rZo Vo EdT>o à^m{dV Pmco H$s Xa _{hÝ`mcm AmnUmcm àgmX d qnOa nmR>dmdr Aer Ë`m§Zr {dZ§Vr Ho$cr. JwéOr Zoh_r Xm¡è`mda AgV. Ë`m_wio Amncm Xm¡è`mMm H$m`©H«$_ H$idyZ àgmX Hw$R>o nmR>dm`Mm Vo Xadoir H$idrV AgV. 1972 _Ü`o Ë`m§Zm H°$ÝgaÀ`m CnMmamgmR>r _w§~B©À`m Q>mQ>m é½Umc`mV XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco hmoVo. Ë`m doir lr_hmamO lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~m§Zm ~amo~a KoD$Z Ë`m§Zm ^oQy>Z Amco. Ë`m§Zr 1972 gmcr Xoh R>odrn`ªV OdiOdi Xhm df} _§{XamVyZ Ë`m§Zm àgmX Am{U qnOa nmR>{dcr OmV hmoVr. amï´>r` ñd`§godH$ g§KmMo lr.ZmZm nmcH$a Am{U lr.{edam` Voc§J `m§Zmhr lr_hmamOm§À`m ào_mMm öÚ AZw^d Amcm. 1957 gmcÀ`m _mM©-E{àc _Ü`o am.ñd.g§KmMr EH$ g^m ZmZm Mm¡H$mV emñÌr hm°c_Ü`o KoÊ`mV `oUma hmoVr. `m XmoÝhr ZoË`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm {Z_§ÌU XoD$Z Iyn AmJ«hmZo g^ocm CnpñWV amhmÊ`mMr Ji KmVcr hmoVr. g^oÀ`m {Xder g^m gwê$ hmoVmhmoVm lr_hmamO g^mñWmZr `oD$Z ì`mgnrR>mg_moarc am§JoV ~gco. g^m gwê$ Pmë`m_wio Voc§J qH$dm nmcH$a ì`mgnrR>mdê$Z Imcr CVê$ eH$co ZmhrV; na§Vw Ë`m§Zr VoWyZM lr_hmamOm§Zm Z_ñH$ma Ho$cm. g^m g§nVmM XmoKohr cJoM lr_hmamOm§Zm ^oQ>Ê`mgmR>r cJ~JrZo Imcr CVaco; na§Vw JXuV lr_hmamO Ë`m§Zm H$moR>o {XgcoM ZmhrV. åhUyZ eodQ>r g^oVyZ _moH$io Pmë`mda lr_hmamOm§Mr ^oQ> KoÊ`mgmR>r Vmc_H$sdmS>r_Yrc lr.nm§S>waJ§ amd _a~ùir `m§À`m Kar XmoKho r nmohmoMco. VoWo Ë`m§Zm Amü`m©Mm Y¸$mM ~gcm. nm§S>waJ§ amd åhUmco, ""lr_hmamO _w~§ B©cm AmcocM o ZmhrV. Vo AmÎmm nwÊ`mcmM AmhoV.'' `m XmoKm§Mm {dœmgM ~goZm ! _mÌ AIoa Mm¡H$erA§Vr lr_hmamO nwÊ`mcmM AmhoV ho Ë`m§Zm nQ>co Am{U _J ^º$m§À`m ào_mImVa Aer crcm H$aUmè`m lr_hmamOm§~Ôc AVrd ào_mZo Ë`m§Mo Ca ^ê$Z Amco. lr_hmamOm§H$S>o Amnë`m g_ñ`m KoD$Z AZoH$ àH$maMr _mUgo `oV AgV. H$mhr OU Amnë`m d¡`{º$H$ àmn§{MH$ AS>MUr KoD$Z `oV, Va H$mhr OUm§Zm gm_m{OH$ joÌmV dmdaVmZm AS>MUr Amcoë`m AgV Am{U Vo _hmamOm§Mm g„m KoÊ`mgmR>r _moR>çm {dœmgmZo `oV AgV. amOH$s` joÌmV H$m_ H$aUmar ZoVo _§S>ir Am{U CÀMnXñW gaH$mar A{YH$mar AZoH$ doim AmdOyZ© lr_hmamOm§Zm ^oQ>m`cm `oV AgV. hr h{H$H$V nÞmg-gmR> dfmªnyduMr Amho. Ë`m doir _w§~B©cm nmUrnwadR>m H$aÊ`mgmR>r d¡VaUm VcmdmMo H$m_ gwê$ hmoVo. _mÌ Ë`m H$m_mV gVV H$mhr Zm H$mhr AS>MUr `oV hmoË`m. Voìhm _w§~B© AZw^d Ho$di.. / 213

_hmnm{cHo$Mo {gQ>r B§{O{ZAa lr._moS>H$gmho~ ho lr_hmamOm§Zm ^oQ>m`cm Amco Am{U Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm d¡VaUoMo H$m_ gwairVnUo H$go nma nS>oc `m {df`r _mJ©Xe©Z H$aÊ`mMr {dZ§Vr Ho$cr. Voìhm lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVco H$s A¸$cH$moQ> ñdm_tMo EH$ _moR>o V¡c{MÌ V`ma H$ê$Z d¡VaUoH$mR>r cmdm. ho {MÌ H$moUmH$Sy>Z H$ê$Z ¿`mdo Ago _moS>H$ `m§Zr {dMmaco; Voìhm lr_hmamO Ë`m§Zm VgoM lr._a~ùir `m§Zm KoD$Z _a~ùitMo EH$ n[a{MV lr.M§ÐeoIa AZ§V ZmS>H$Uu `m§À`mH$S>o Amco. lr.ZmS>H$Uu ho _a~ùir `m§Mo ñQ>oQ> ~±H$ Am°\$ B§{S>`m_Yrc ghH$mar, _a~ùir amhmV Ë`m Vmc_H$sdmS>rOdiM J«°ÝQ> amoS>cm amhmV AgV. ZmS>H$Uu `m§Zm {MÌH$cm Am{U \$moQ>moJ«m\$s `m XmoÝhr H$cm Mm§Jë`m AdJV hmoË`m. _mÌ Ë`m Ë`m§Zr N>§X åhUyZM Omonmgë`m hmoË`m. Vo ñd^mdmZo {_V^mfr, em§V, WmoS>o g§H$moMr hmoVo. Ë`m_wio {MÌH$ma åhUyZ Ë`m§Mm JmOmdmOm Pmcocm ZìhVm. _mÌ Ë`m§Zr H$mT>coco lrEH$ZmW _hmamOm§Mo EH$ V¡c{MÌ lr_hmamOm§Zr nm{hco hmoVo. lrEH$ZmW _hmamOm§À`m _ñVH$mda ZmJ \$Um Yê$Z C^m Amho Ago Vo {MÌ lr_hmamOm§Zm A{Ve` AmdS>co hmoVo. ZmS>H$Uu ho lÕmiy, AmÜ`mpË_H$ àd¥ÎmrMo J¥hñW Agë`m_wio Ë`m {MÌm_Ü`o Amdí`H$ Vmo gmpÎdH$ ^md A{Ve` Mm§Jë`m [aVrZo ì`º$ Pmcm hmoVm. VmS>Xod, _w§~B© `oWrb lr.JUnVamd ZmB©H$ `m§À`m Kar lrñdm_r g_WmªÀ`m à{V_oMr ñWmnZm lr_hmamOm§À`m hñVo Pmë`mMr h{H$H$V gmVì`m àH$aUmV Ambr Amho. Vr à{V_mhr lr.M§ÐeoIa ZmS>H$Ur© `m§ZrM Ho$br hmoVr. Ë`m_wioM lr_hmamO _moS>H$ `m§Zm KoD$Z ZmS>H$Uu `m§À`mH$S>o Amco Am{U _moS>H$m§Mm n[aM` H$ê$Z XoD$Z lr_hmamOm§Zr lrA¸$cH$moQ> ñdm_tMo {MÌ V`ma H$ê$Z XoÊ`m{df`r Ë`m§Zm {dZ§Vr Ho$cr. Amnë`m g§H$moMr ñd^mdmcm AZwgê$Z ZmS>H$Uu ho A{Ve` _hÎdmMo H$m_ hmVr KoÊ`mg H$m§-Hy$ H$ê$ cmJco. EImÚm Zm_d§Vmcm ho H$m_ Úmdo, {edm` ñdm_tÀ`m {df`r AmnUmg \$maer _m{hVr Zmhr, dJ¡ao g~~r Ë`m§Zr nwTo Ho$ë`m. Voìhm lr_hmamO Ë`m§Zm åhUmco, "AmÎmmM H$mhr Vwåhr Zmhr åhUy ZH$m. VrZ {Xdgm§Zr Amåhr nwÝhm `oD$. Voìhm {dMma H$ê$Z H$m` Vo gm§Jm. _mÌ VwåhmcmM ho H$m_ Mm§Jco O_oc Agm _mPm {dœmg Amho.' Xwgè`mM {Xder CÎmaamÌr Ë`m§Zm ñdßZmV EH$ Ñï>m§V Pmcm. PmonoVyZ OmJo hmoD$Z Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m nËZrcm Am{U Amnco {Ma§Ord lr.{dÇ>c `m§Zm CR>dyZ A{Ve` CÎmo{OV ñdamV gm§{JVco H$s, lrñdm_tZr ñdßZmV Xe©Z XoD$Z H$mù`m am_mÀ`m _§{XamV Xe©Zmcm OmÊ`mMr Amkm Ho$cr Amho. lr.{dÇ>c ZmS>H$Uu ho {MÌH$ma M§ÐeoIa `m§Mo {Ma§Ord gÜ`m _w§~B©cm "BH$m°Zm°{_H$ Q>mBåg'_Ü`o d[að> gmhmæ`H$ g§nmXH$ `m nXmda H$m_ nmhmV AmhoV. Vo gm§JVmV H$s Ë`m amÌr Amnco dS>rc Ë`m Ñï>m§VmZo A{Ve` ^mdZmde Pmco hmoVo, CÎmo{OV ñdamV, _moR>_moR>çmZo Vo AmB©cm Vmo àg§J dU©Z H$ê$Z gm§JV hmoVo. Xwgè`m {Xder M§ÐeoIa ZmS>H$Uu H$mù`m am_mÀ`m _§{XamV Joco. VoWo _§{XamV EH$m q^Vrda g§nyU© q^V^a H¥$îU-Ydc a§JmV H$mT>cocr N>m`m{MÌo cmdcocr hmoVr. Ë`mVM lrñdm_tMohr EH$ A{Ve` 214 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

gw§Xa N>m`m{MÌ hmoVo. Vo nmhÿZ ZmS>H$Uu `m§Zr ñ\y$Vu KoD$Z V¡c{MÌ H$aÊ`mMo R>adco. c§S>ZhÿZ Am`mV Ho$coë`m CËH¥$ï> Am{Q>©ñQ> H°$Zìhmgda ^mar qH$_VrMo a§J dmnê$Z ZmS>H$Uu `m§Zr lrñdm_tMr A{Ve` gw§Xa Aer à{V_m V`ma Ho$cr. Vr ~opëOA_ ½cmg Am{U ~_m© {Q>H$dyS> dmnê$Z ~Z{dcoë`m Mm¡H$Q>rV ~g{dÊ`mV Amcr Am{U Vo {MÌ d¡VaUmH$mR>r ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mV Amco. lr.bú_U am_M§Ð \$S>Ho$ D$\©$ ñdm_r A_cmZ§X `m g_ma§^m{df`r {X. 2.5.1954 À`m nÌmV lr_hmamOm§Zm {c{hVmV, ""....lrñdm_tMr _moR>r à{V_m d¡VUm© hm°b_Ü`o ZmZmgmmo _moS>H$ `m§Zr {X. 1 bm ~g{dbr. Amnbr gdmªZr `oUma åhUyZ H$ënZon{cH$S>o dmQ> nm{hbr....'' `WmdH$me d¡VaUm VcmdmMo H$m_ gwairVnUo nyU© Pmco. Vmo Vcmd AmVm "_moS>H$gmJa' `m ZmdmZo AmoiIcm OmVmo. Vo V¡c{MÌ AmOhr VoWo nmhmd`mg {_iVo. lr.ZmS>H$Uu `m§Zr _moS>H$gmho~m§gmR>r {MÌ V`ma H$ê$Z {Xco hr ~mV_r EìhmZm MmiH$ar eoOmè`m§Zm g_Ocr hmoVr. Vo gmao OU ZmS>H$UvZm AmJ«h H$ê$ cmJco H$s _moS>H$m§H$Sy>Z MmirgmR>r XmoZ Zim§Mr H$ZoŠeÝg _mJyZ ¿`m; na§Vw ZmS>H$UvZm Vo àeñV dmQ>V ZìhVo. AmJ«h \$maM hmoD$ cmJcm, Voìhm EH$ {Xdg Ë`m§Zr AO© Q>mB©nhr Ho$cm, nU cJoM \$mSy>Z Q>mH$cm. EH$ OwZr H$Wm Amho H$s, EH$ amOm EH$Xm amÌr ZJamVyZ {\$aV hmoVm. W§S>rZo Hw$S>Hw$S>Umè`m EH$m Jar~ _mUgmcm nmhÿZ Ë`mcm X`m Amcr Am{U Vmo åhUmcm, "Vwcm H$m` nm{hOo Vo _mJ.' Voìhm Vmo Jar~ _mUyg åhUmcm, "_hmamO, _cm \$ma W§S>r dmOV Amho Voìhm EH$ Km|JS>r Úm.' MmiH$è`m§Mr _mJUr VerM hmoVr; na§Vw lr.ZmS>H$Uvgma»`m AmÜ`mpË_H$ _Zmod¥ÎmrÀ`m _mUgmcm Aem jwÐ Jmoï>t_Ü`o {~cHy$c ag ZìhVm. Ë`m§Zr \$º$ gm{hË`mMr qH$_V åhUyZ IM© Pmcoco gmS>oVrZeo én`o VodT>oM KoVco. {MÌmÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo {_imcoco lr_hmamOm§Mo ào_ Am{U {dœmg ZmS>H$UvÀ`m Ñï>rZo A_yë` hmoVo. `m Z§Va ZmS>H$UvZr lr_hmamOm§Mo AZoH$ \$moQ>mo H$mT>co. Ë`m§Mo nmoQ´>o©Q>hr H$mT>co hmoVo. 19571958 À`m gw_mamg ZmS>H$Uu `m§À`m ~§Yy§Zr _wcw§S>cm Mma AmUo Mm¡ag dma `m XamZo gw_mao 8 EH$a O_rZ IaoXr H$ê$Z EH$ gmogm`Q>r ñWmnZ Ho$cr hmoVr. Ë`m§Zr lr.M§ÐeoIa ZmS>H$Uu `m§Zmhr g^mgX hmoÊ`mgmR>r ~mocmdco; na§Vw Ë`m§Mm R>m_ {ZU©` hmoV ZìhVm. Ë`m doir EH$Xm lr_hmamO Ë`m§À`mH$S>o Amco AgVm ZmS>H$UvZm åhUmco, "hm VwPm ~§Jcm Z¸$s hmoUma Am{U nmÊ`mMr gmo` Va Aer hmoB©c H$s A»»`m _w§~B©cm nmUr {_imco Zmhr Var Vwcm _mÌ Zoh_rM nmUr {_iV amhrc.' Ë`m doir {dÇ>c ZmS>H$Uu gmV-AmR> dfmªMo hmoVo. _hmamOm§Mo A{Ve` cmS>Ho$ hmoVo. Zoh_r lr_hmamOm§er _moH$ionUmZo ~mocm`Mo. _moR>r _mUgo _hmamOm§g_moa X~yZ dmJm`Mr, gmdYnUo ~mocm`Mr; na§Vw {dÇ>c ZmS>H$Uu ~mcgwc^ {ZamJgVoZo ~oYS>H$nUo _hmamOm§er ~mocm`Mo. `m doirhr Vo nQ>H$Z åhUmco, "N>o, _wcw§S>cm Ë`m O§JcmV H$moU OmUma ? `oWo _mPo E|er {_Ì AmhoV. Ë`m§Zm gmoSy>Z _r {VH$S>o _wirM OmUma Zmhr.' lr_hmamO Ë`m doir R>mgyZ åhUmco, "Aao, VyM Zmhr, Va VwPm ~mnXoIrc AZw^d Ho$di.. / 215

OmB©c !' Am{U gmV _Ocr hmñ`mMm JS>JS>mQ> H$ê$Z Z§Va Ë`m§Zr {gJaoQ>Mm OmoaXma PwaH$m _macm. {gJaoQ>À`m gmoS>coë`m YwamVyZ amoIyZ {_píH$cnUo nmhmUmao lr_hmamO AOyZ {dÇ>c ZmS>H$UvZm ñnï>nUo AmR>dVmV. nwT>o ZmS>H$UvMm ~§Jcm V`ma Pmcm. gd© OU VoWo amhm`cm Joco. H$mhr {XdgmVM Ë`m§À`m cjmV Amco H$s, IamoIaM AmOy~mOyÀ`m ~§Jë`mV Ooìhm nmUr `oV Zmhr, Voìhmhr ZmS>H$UvÀ`m ~§Jë`mV _mÌ Zimcm nmUr `oV Ago. Ë`m doir gdmªZm lr_hmamOm§Mo eãX AmR>dco. 3-4 dfmª_mJo XwéñVrMo H$m_ Mmcy AgVmZm Ago cjmV Amco H$s, ZmS>H$UvZm {_imcoco ZimMo H$ZoŠeZ EH$m _moR>çm Ocdm{hZrdê$Z {Xcoco Amho. `m gmR>r H$moUr H$mhr _wÔm_ n«`ËZ Ho$co ZìhVo. ho KS>co Vo Ho$di _hmamOm§À`m Amerdm©Xm_wio ! ZmS>H$Uu Hw$Qw>§~r` Ago _mZVmV H$s ho Ka lr_hmamOm§MoM Amho Am{U AmnU VoWo Ë`m§À`m H¥$nmN>ÌmImcr amhmVmo Am{U åhUyZM KamÀ`m H$moUË`mhr H$m_mcm gwédmV H$aVmZm àW_ lr_hmamOm§Zm ñ_aUnyd©H$ Zmai R>odyZM _J H$m_mcm àma§^ H$aVmV. _Ü`§Var KamMm {dñVma H$ê$Z H$mhr ^mJ Zì`mZo ~m§Ycm. Ë`m doir {dÇ>c ZmS>H$Uu nwÊ`mcm Amco Am{U H$m_mMo ZH$meo _hmamOm§nwT>o R>odyZ Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Mm Amerdm©X _m{JVcm. lr_hmamOm§Zr AmZ§XmZo ZH$memcm ñne© H$ê$Z Amerdm©X {Xcm. {dÇ>c ZmS>H$Uu ho chmZnUmnmgyZ WmoS>o hÿS> ñd^mdmMo hmoV.o KamVrc ~mH$s gd© _§S>ir CÀM^«y dJm©V _moS>Umar. g_mOmV dmdaVmZm Amnë`m à{V_ocm OnUmar, dmJUwH$sMo {eï>g_§ V {Z`_ nmiUmar, em§V d¥ÎmrMr, Va {dÇ>c ZmS>H$Uu ho AmH«$_H$, CJ« àH¥$Vr, gX¡d R>me o mg R>mgo m XoÊ`mg g‚m. "_r Ë`m doir WmoS>m ìh°J~° m°ÝS>M hmoVmo' Aem eãXmVM {dÇ>c ZmS>H$UvZr Amnco dU©Z Ho$co; na§Vw lr_hmamO _mÌ Ë`m§Zm A{Ve` ào_mZo dmJdrV AgV. EH$Xm _hmamO Ë`m§Zm åhUmco H$s, Vy EH$ {Xdg AÜ`mË_mH$S>o dierc, Ë`m doir {dÇ>c ZmS>H$Uu _ZmVë`m _ZmV Iyn hgco Am{U ñdV:erM åhUmco H$s AmnU _cm AOyZ ZrQ> AmoiIco Zmhr; na§Vw nwT>o H$mhr dfmªZr IamoIaM {dÇ>c ZmS>H$Uu `m§Zr Hw$VyhcmnmoQ>r hQ>`moJmMm Aä`mg gwê$ Ho$cm Am{U nwT>o BH$m°Zm°{_H$ Q>mBåg_YyZ AmÜ`mpË_H$ {df`m§da {dnwc coIZ Ho$co Am{U H$arV AmhoV. Amncm hm àdmg lr_hmamOm§À`m Amerdm©XmMo \$i Amho Ago Ë`m§Zm dmQ>V.o aËZm{JarMo h[aü§Ð Xm_moXa MìhmU ho AmVm d`mMr n§MmhÎmar Amocm§S>coco J¥hñW AOyZhr CËgmhmZo lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV VgoM S>oadU `oWrc ñWmZmVhr gmOè`m hmoUmè`m gd© CËgdm§Zm gUmg_ma§^m§Zm CnpñWV AgVmV. H$YrH$Yr Amnë`m Y_©nËZrcmhr KoD$Z Amcoco AgVmV. AË`§V gwImg_mYmZmZo {Zd¥ÎmrZ§VaMr H$mcH«$_Um H$aUmao lr.MìhmU Amnë`m gwIr Am`wî`mMo gmao lo` lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m C^`Vm§À`m _ñVH$mda Q>mH$coë`m "_§JcmjVm§Zm'Am{U {Xcoë`m Amerdm©Xmcm XoVmV ! AmOhr Vmo àg§J gm§JVmZm MìhmUm§À`m Mohè`mda àgÞVm \w$cVo. aËZm{Jarcm {X. 2 _mM© 1953 `m {Xder lr.MìhmUm§Mm {ddmh gmohim Pmcm. lr_hmamO Ë`màg§Jr AmdOy©Z CnpñWV hmoVo. ho H$go Pmco `mMrhr EH$ J_VrXma H$Wm Amho ! 216 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

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nS>cr; na§Vw O`mMo H¥$noZ| g§gma gmJê$ & Vê$Zr n¡cVmê$ OmVr Ord && Agm gX²>Jwê$ nmR>ramIm Agë`m_wio lr.MìhmUm§Zm qg{X`m H§$nZrV, _mJrc ZmoH$arMm H$mcmdYr Yê$Z, cJoMM KoÊ`mV Amco. VoWo d`mÀ`m gmR>mì`m dfm©n`ªV ZmoH$ar H$ê$Z 1986 gmcr MìhmU {Zd¥Îm Pmco Am{U cJoMM "qg{X`m' H§$nZrhr ~§X nS>cr; na§Vw VËnwdu MìhmUm§Zm \§$S>, J«°À`wB©Q>r BË`mXr nmoQ>r `oUo a¸$_ {_imcr hmoVr. qg{X`m H§$nZrV éOy Pmë`mda 1965 gmcÀ`m lrgX²>Jwê$ ~m~m _hmamOm§À`m O`§Vr CËgdmcm MìhmU Amco hmoV.o Ë`m doir lr_hmamO Ë`m§Zm åhUmco, ""Pmco Zm VwÂ`m _ZmgmaIo ! AmVm nwÊ`mS>ao dUcm `oV Om ! Zm_ñ_aU H$a ! lr~m~m gd© _ZmoaW nyU© H$aVrc !'' lr_hmamOm§Zr {Xcocm hm "dgm' MìhmUm§Zr Am`wî`^a gm§^micm ! EH$Xm AgoM lr~m~m§À`m O`§Vrcm MìhmU nwÊ`mcm Amcoco hmoVo. Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVco H$s, Vw_À`m MìhmU Hw$Qw§~mV EH$ "JwUmOr~m~m' ZmdmMo gËnwéf hmoD$Z Joco. Ë`m§Mr godm H$a, H$maU Ë`m§MoM Amerdm©X Vw_À`m nmR>rer AmhoV. VwÂ`m MwcV AmOmo~m§À`m Kar (H¡$.am_M§Ðamd MìhmU) Xoìhmè`mV Ë`m§Mr à{V_m Yyi ImV nS>cocr Amho. Vy Ë`m§Mr à{V_m H$ê$Z Ko Am{U _Zmo^mdo nyOm H$a. ho {dgê$ ZH$mog. lr_hmamOm§À`m Amkoà_mUo MìhmU gmo~V EH$ N>m`m{MÌH$ma KoD$Z AmJmeoH$m|S> `m Amnë`m Jmdr Joco. VoWo IamoIaM JwUmOr~m~m§Mo OwZo N>m`m{MÌ hmoVo. Ë`mdê$Z ZdrZ à{V_m H$ê$Z MìhmUm§Zr Vr Amnë`m XodKamV R>odyZ {VMr {ZË`nyOm gwê$ Ho$cr. ho gd© _hmamOm§Zm gm§JÊ`mgmR>r MìhmU _wÔm_ nwÊ`mcm Amco. Ë`m§Zr H$mhr ~mocÊ`mAmYrM Ë`m§Zm nmhmVmM lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""Aao MìhmU ! Vw_Mo JwUmOr~m~m Vy AmUcog ! R>rH$ Ho$cog ! Vw_À`m Hw$Qw>§~mMr ^a^amQ> hmoB©c. H$gcr CUrd amhmUma Zmhr.'' lr. MìhmU åhUVmV, ""Oo _cm kmV ZìhVo Vo gm§JyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr _cm OmJ¥V Ho$co. _cm _mÂ`m {hVmonXoemÀ`m XmoZ Jmoï>r gm§{JVë`m. _mPo {hV-H$ë`mU H$emV Amho Vo gm§{JVco. Vmo R>odm _r OnyZ R>odcm Amho.'' OÝ_^a Oncocm Vmo R>odm MìhmUm§Zr Amnë`m _wcmZmVd§S>m§Zmhr {Xcm Amho. nwÊ`mMo lr.dg§Vamd noR>o lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mo A{Ve` lÕmiy ^º$ hmoVo. Iao Va Vo lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mVhr {ZË`Zo_mZo Xe©Zmcm OmV AgV. _mÌ H$m_mda OmVmZm qH$dm AÝ` Hw$R>o OmVmZm, añË`mVM cmJUmè`m lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mÀ`m nm`è`m§Odi gm`H$c ZoD$Z nm`arda EH$ nm` R>odyZ, gm`H$cda ~gë`m ~gë`mM Vo lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm Z_ñH$ma H$am`Mo. EH$Xm lr~m~m noR>çm§Zm åhUmco, ""Aao, lr~rS>H$a _hmamO åhUV hmoV,o Ë`m noR>çmMo nm` _mÂ`m S>mŠo `mn`ªV nmohmoMV ZmhrV !'' noR>çm§Zm EdT>m Bemam nwaogm hmoVm. nwÝhm Aer MyH$ H$Yr Pmcr Zmhr. lr~m~m§À`m gm§JÊ`mdê$Z 1948-49 gmcmnmgyZ lr.noR>o Am{U Ë`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~r`m§Zr EH$ Jmoï> A{Ve` Zo_mZo Ho$cr Amho; Xa Jwédmar gH$mir AmR> dmOVm lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV OmD$Z, 218 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

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~g{dbm hmoVm Am{U Ë`m_wio AmnU Vr ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z XoD$ qH$dm AmnUmcm VoWyZ AÝ`Ì Omdo cmJoc `mda Ë`m§Mm {dœmg ~goZm. _mÌ lr_hmamOm§À`m Ðï>no UmMm àË`` Z§Va H$mhr dfmªVM Amcm. _wH$§w Xamdm§Zr H$mhr dfmªZr Vr H§$nZr gmoS>cr. Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm A`eñdr hmoD$Z Vr H§$nZr ~§X nS>cr Am{U AmO Vr OmJm AmogmS> nS>cr Amho. lr.J§JmYa nmQ>rc ho lr~m~m§Mo {eî`. lr_hmamOm§dagwÕm Ë`m§Mr Anma ^º$s hmoVr. Ë`m§Mr H$Ý`m chmZnUmnmgyZM lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmcm Om`Mr. `m gm¡.gwZrVm _mYd ~|S>o gm§JVmV H$s, c¾mZ§Va EH$Xm {Q>Q>dmù`mOdirc dmqeX `m Jmdr nVrg_doV Ë`m§Mo dmñVì` hmoVo. EH$ {Xdg Iyn Z¡amí` Amco Am{U XodKamV Xodmg_moa ~gyZ Ë`m Iyn aS>ë`m. nwT>o XmoZ {Xdgm§Zr Ë`m§Mo dS>rb lr.J§JmYa nmQ>rc Ë`m§Zm ^oQ>m`cm dmqeX `oWo Amco. dS>rc Ago AMmZH$ Amcoco nmhÿZ Ë`m§Zm AmZ§Xhr dmQ>cm Am{U Amü`©hr dmQ>co. Ë`m§Zr d{S>cm§Zm {dMmaco H$s AmnU AmO Ago AMmZH$ H$go H$m` AmcmV ? Voìhm dS>rc åhUmco, ""AJ§, _§{XamV lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmcm Jocmo hmoVmo, Voìhm lr_hmamOm§Zr VwPr »`mcr Iwemcr {dMmacr Am{U _cm åhUmco, "_wcrMo c¾ H$ê$Z {Xco åhUOo O~m~Xmar g§ncr Ago hmoV Zmhr. AYyZ_YyZ {VÀ`m Kar Omdo, {VMr {dMmanyg H$amdr, {Vcm H$mhr XwIc§Iwnc§ nhmdo.' _J lr_hmamO Ago H$m åhUmco AgmdoV `mMm {dMma H$aVmZm VwÂ`mH$S>o `oD$Z Vwcm ^oQ>mdo Ago \$ma dmQ>co åhUyZ _r AmO Vwcm ^oQ>m`cm Amcmo.'' Ë`mZ§Va gm¡.gwZrVmVmBªZr XmoZ {Xdgm§nydu AmnUmcm H$go dmB©Q> dmQ>co `mMr h{H$H$V d{S>cm§Zm gm§{JVcr. lr_hmamOm§Mr Hy$_m©g_ H¥$nmÑï>r Amnë`m ^º$m§da gX¡d Agm`Mr Am{U Ë`m_wioM gdmªZm Vo Amnë`m _mVm {nË`mg_mZ dmQ>m`Mo. gm¡.gwZrVmVmBªMo nVr lr._mYdamd ~|S>o ho EH$Xm AmOmar hmoVo. Am¡fYmonMmam§gmR>r Ë`m§Zm Kmogmdù`mÀ`m nmZm§Mr JaO hmoVr. ehamV hr nmZo Hw$Ry>Z {_iUma åhUyZ gm¡.gwZrVmVmBªZr lr_hmamOm§Zm {dMmaco Va cJoM dPoH$mH$m§Zm gm§JyZ, Ë`m§Zm nmZo {_iVrc Aer ì`dñWm Ho$cr. Aem chmZ_moR>çm H¥$VrVyZ Omo {Oìhmim Am{U AmnconUm ì`º$ ìhm`Mm; Ë`m_wio ^º$_§S>ir AJXr haIyZ Om`Mr. gm¡.gwZrVmVmB© EH$Xm Iyn AmOmar hmoË`m. amoJ{ZXmZ hmoÊ`mgmR>r VnmgUr H$aÊ`mMo R>aco hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§da gd© H$mhr gmondyZM Ë`m hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o Joë`m hmoË`m. cmoH$c A°ZoñWo{e`m {Xcm hmoVm Varhr doXZm Agø Pmë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr ""_hmamO, AmVm _cm dmMdm !'' Aer AmV© hmH$ _yH$nUoM _macr Am{U Ë`m jUrM ""Pmc§ h§ ~|S>o~mB© !'' Agm lr_hmamOm§Mm AmœmgH$ AmdmO Ë`m§Zm EoHy$ Amcm. lr_hmamO ^º$m§À`m g§H$Q>H$mir gX¡d eoOmar amhÿZ ^º$mcm Yra XoV AgVmV `mMr à{MVrM Ë`m§Zm Amcr. lr._mYdamd H$mOaoH$a ho 1987À`m Am°ŠQ>mo~anmgyZ _§{XamV lr_hmamOm§À`m godogmR>r amhÿ cmJco. lr_hmamOm§Odi amhÿZ Ë`m§Mr chmZ _moR>r H$m_o _mYdamd AË`§V ^{º$^mdmZo Am{U AmË_r`VoZo H$arV AgV. AmOhr Ë`mM g_n©U ^mdZoZo _mYdamd _§{XamV dmdaV AgVmV. lr_hmamOm§Zm Mhm 220 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

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`m OmoJm§Mo aËZm{Jarcm OwÝ`m _miZmŠ`mda CnmhmaJ¥h Amho. n§Mdrg-Vrg dfmªnydu OmJoÀ`m _mcH$mZo OmJm Imcr H$ê$Z XoÊ`mg \$_m©{dco. CÎm_ Mmccocm ì`dgm` AMmZH$ ~§X H$amdm cmJVmo H$s H$m` Aer n[apñWVr CX²>^dcr. OmoJm§Zr Amncr AS>MU lr_hmamOm§À`m H$mZr KmVcr. Voìhm lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVco H$s, Vo ñdV: Ë`m§À`m nmR>rer I§~ranUo C^o AmhoV. OmoJm§nmgyZ Ë`m§Mr ì`dgm`mMr OmJm H$moUr H$mT>yZ KoD$ eH$Uma Zmhr Am{U Ë`m§Mm ì`dgm` gwairV Mmcoc, Ë`m§Zm H$Yrhr M[aVmWm©Mr AS>MU `oUma Zmhr. nwT>o ho àH$aU Ý`m`mc`mV Joco. àXrK©H$min`ªV IQ>cm Mmcy hmoVm. OmoJm§Zr Zm_d§V dH$sc {Xco hmoVo. A§{V_ gwZmdUrÀ`m doir Vo d{H$chr `e {_iÊ`m~Ôc gme§H$ hmoVo; na§Vw OmoJm§Zr Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVco H$s, Vwåhr Vw_À`m à`ËZm§Mr namH$mð>m H$am. `e Amnë`mcmM {_ioc H$maU _mÂ`m gX²>Jwê§$Mm Amerdm©X _mÂ`m nmR>rer Amho. OmoJm§À`m `m gm§JÊ`mà_mUo Ë`m§À`m d{H$cm§Zr AIoaMm à`ËZ åhUyZ gd© H$mJXnÌo MmiVmZm OmJoÀ`m _mcH$mZo nwamdm åhUyZ gmXa Ho$coë`m H$mJXnÌmVM ÌwQ>r {_imcr Am{U Vr ÌwQ>r Ý`m`mYremÀ`m ZOaocm AmUyZ XoVmM, Ë`m§Zr Vm~S>Vmo~ OmoJm§À`m ~mOyZo {ZU©` {Xbm. `m {ZU©`mÀ`m doir {déÕ ~mOyÀ`m d{H$cmZo AmUIr H$mhr _wÔo CnpñWV H$ê$Z {ZU©` Q>miÊ`mMm, {H$_mZnjr nwT>o T>H$cÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm. Ë`m doir Ý`m`_yVu EH$X_ H«$moYm{dï> Pmco Am{U Ë`m§Zr Ë`m d{H$cmcm ~aoM dmº$mS>Z Ho$co. ghgm Ý`m`mYre Ago CÎmo{OV hmoD$Z ~mocV ZmhrV; na§Vw Ë`m {XderMm Ë`m§Mm Vmo Amdoe Am{U H«$moY nmhÿZ lr_hmamOM H$moQ>m©V {ZdmS>m XoV AmhoV AgoM OmoJ `m§Zm dmQ>co. AmO lr.OmoJm§Mm ì`dgm` gwpñWVrV Amho, Ë`m§Mm _wcJm Vmo ì`dpñWVnUo gm§^mirV Amho Am{U _w»` åhUOo OmJoÀ`m _mcH$merhr AmVm H$moUË`mhr àH$maMr H$Qw>Vm {e„H$ Z amhmVm, gcmo»`mMo g§~§Y àñWm{nV Pmco AmhoV. Amnco OrdZ lr_hmamOm§À`m Amerdm©Xm_wioM H¥$VmW© Pmco Agm lr.OmoJ `m§Mm R>m_ {dœmg Amho. lr.OmoJ `m§Zr Amncm EH$ à_mXhr VodT>çmM _moH$ionUmZo gm§{JVcm Amho. _Ü`§Var H$mhr OdiÀ`m cmoH$m§À`m gm§JÊ`mdê$Z OmoJ lr_hmamOm§H$S>o `oÊ`mMo ~§X Pmco. lr_hmamOm§Mm OmoJm§da cmo^ hmoVm. OmoJ lr_hmamOm§H$S>o H$moUm_wio `m`Mo ~§X Pmco hohr Ë`m§Zm R>mD$H$ hmoVo. åhUyZ EH$Xm lr.~mOramd {Q>Ho$H$am§Zm ì`º$se: JmS>r KoD$Z nmR>{dco Am{U OmoJm§Zm, ""_cm EH$Xm Var ^oQy>Z Om, \$ma Va nwÝhm `oD$ ZH$mog,'' Agm {Zamon nmR>{dcm. _mÌ OmoJm§Zr Ë`m ào_mÀ`m ~mocmdÊ`mMm Aìhoa Ho$cm Am{U _J lr_hmamOm§Zr Vmo {df` Ë`m§À`m nÕVrà_mUo Z§Va H$Yr ~mocÊ`mVgwÕm AmUcm Zmhr. _mÌ `WmdH$me AmnU Ho$dT>m ^`§H$a à_mX Ho$cm Amho ho OmoJm§Zm OmUdco. g§gmamVrc chmZ_moR>çm ASr>AS>MUtÀ`m doir _ZmV lr_hmamOm§MrM AmR>dU OmJr ìhm`Mr. nyd©OÝ_rÀ`m gwH¥$VmZo àmá Pmcoco lr_hmamOm§Mo H¥$nmN>Ì AmnU H$a§Q>onUmZo \o$Hy$Z {Xco `mMr _Zmcm gVV Q>moMUr cmJm`Mr. lr_hmamOm§Mo ào_mMo ~mocmdUo YwS>H$mdyZ cmdÊ`mMm CÕQ>nUm AmnU Ho$cm Am{U AmVm j_m`mMZm Var H$moUË`m Vm|S>mZo 222 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

H$amdr Ago dmQy>Z, _§{XamV nwÝhm OmD$Z lr_hmamOm§Zm ^oQ>Ê`mMohr Y¡`© hmoB©Zm Am{U Z ^oQ>ë`m_wio _Z em§V hmoB©Zm. lr_hmamOm§Zr 1989 gmcr Xoh R>odcm, Voìhmhr _§{XamV OmÊ`mMo Y¡`© Pmco Zmhr. _mÌ 1992-93 gmcr EH$ {Xdg AnamYmMr Q>moMUr Agø hmoD$Z _Z ~§S> H$ê$Z CR>co Am{U OmoJ nwÊ`mcm lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamÀ`m Xmar nyU© nümÎmmnmZo crZ hmoD$Z Amco. Ë`mcm VmËH$m{cH$ H$maU Pmco lr_hmamOm§Mo M[aÌ ""Vy{§ M ~mn, YZr !'' lr.VmË`m {^S>Z| r ho M[aÌ àH$m{eV Pmë`mda OmoJm§Zm {Xco hmoVo. Vo dmMVmZm OmoJ ^yVH$mimVrc lr_hmamOm§À`mg_doV Kmc{dcoë`m {Xdgm§À`m AmR>dUr§Zr AZoH$ doim ^mamdyZ Joco, Ë`m§Mo A§V:H$aU dma§dma ^ê$Z Amco Am{U dmMVmZm S>moù`m§Zm AlwYmam cmJë`m Am{U Vo nwÊ`mcm _§{XamV XmIc Pmco. Ë`m doir lrH$mH$m _hmamO _§{XamMr ì`dñWm nmhÿ cmJco hmoVo. lr.OmoJm§Zr Ë`m doir {Z:g§{X½Y eãXmV Amnë`m MwH$sMr H$~wcr XoD$Z coIr j_m-`mMZm Ho$cr Am{U _J Ë`m§Zm _§{XamV àdoe XoÊ`mV Amcm. lr.OmoJm§gmR>r lr.{^S>o (VmË`m) `m§Zr h_rXmIc gmjrXma åhUyZ ñdmjar Ho$cr. lr.OmoJ lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV Am{U lr_hmamOm§À`m g_m{YñWmZr OmD$Z {dZ_« ^mdZoZo Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z Amco. Ë`m àg§JmMr AmR>dU gm§JVmZm Vo åhUmco H$s, lrH$mH$m _hmamOm§Zr Ooìhm àW_ _mPr "hOoar' KoVcr, Voìhm lr_hmamOM lrH$mH$m§À`m ê$nmZo _mPm _yI©nUm _mÂ`m nXamV KmcrV AmhoV Ago dmQ>co. _mÌ Z§Va lrH$mH$m§Zr nwÝhm H$Yrhr EH$m eãXmZo _mÂ`m AnamYmMm nwZéƒma Ho$cm Zmhr. Á`m _m`oZo Ë`m§Zr _cm Odi Ho$co Voìhmhr lr_hmamO lrH$mH$m§À`mM ê$nmZo nwÝhm _cm cm^co AmhoV Ago dmQ>co. àH¥$VrÀ`m VH«$mar_wio Am{U d`mo_mZmà_mUo AmVm _§{XamV `oUo hmoV Zmhr; na§Vw Amnë`mM à_mXmMo AmoPo _Zmda AZoH$ df} ~miJUmao OmoJ AmVm Ë`m AmoÂ`mVyZ _wº$ hmoD$Z, Amnë`m gX²>Jwê§$À`m qMVZmV, Zm_ñ_aUmV gwIoZ¡d H$mcH«$_U H$arV AmhoV. ""eŠ` hmoB©b Voìhm nmo_|S>rbm lr_hmamOm§À`m OÝ_ñWmZr OmVmo. AmVm _mÂ`mgmR>r "nwUo' Am{U "S>oadU' hr XmoÝhr VrW} VoWoM AmhoV,'' Ago lr.OmoJ gm§JVmV. lr._YwH$a H$mio Am{U Ë`m§À`m nËZr lr_Vr D${_©bm H$mio `m§Mr lr_hmamOm§da AZÝ` {Zð>m hmoVr. XmoK§hr gËerb, Ym{_©H$ Am{U gXmMaUr. na§Vw g§gmamV _mÌ gwédmVrbm Ë`m§Mo gya ZrQ> Owibo ZmhrV Am{U gwg§dmXr, AmZ§Xr dmVmdaU am{hbo Zmhr. D${_©bm~mB© Zoh_r On, ñVmoÌ nR>U, nyOm-nmR> dJ¡ao Zo_mZo H$arV AgV. EH$ {Xdg On H$arV ~gë`m AgVmZm Ë`m§Zm g_moarb Xoìhmam EH$X_ Xmobm`_mZ Pmbm Amho Am{U Ka CXmÀ`m dmgmZo Am{U YwamZo ^ê$Z Jobo Amho Ago dmQ>bo. Xoìhmè`mV Xodm§EodOr EH$m VoO:nw§O _mhmËå`mMo Xe©Z Ë`m§Zm OmUdbo. ho Xe©Z AmnU Amnë`m nVrg_doV KoV AmhmoV Agohr Ë`m§Zm OmUdbo. àË`jmV _YwH$a H$mio Ë`m doir Ë`m§À`m H$m`m©b`mV hmoVo. hm AZw^d Ë`m§Zr gm`§H$mir nVr Kar Amë`mda Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVbm, na§Vw Aem Jmoï>tda Ë`m§Mm {deof {dœmg ZìhVm. AZw^d Ho$di.. / 223

nwT>o H$mhr {Xdgm§Zr _YwH$a H$mio `m§Mo MwbV ~§Yy ^mD$amd H$mio `m C^`Vm§Zm lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r _§{XamV KoD$Z Ambo. Ë`m doir àmn§{MH$ H$Q>H$Q>t_wio C^`Vm§Mo _mZ{gH$ g§VwbZ {~KS>bobo hmoVo. na§Vw Ë`m pñWVr_Ü`ohr lr_Vr D${_©bm~mBªZr lr_hmamOm§Mo Xe©Z hmooVmM, AmnU Xoìhmè`m_Ü`o nm{hbobr {d^yVr hrM EdT>o AmoiIbo Am{U lr_hmamOm§Odi Vgo ~mobyZhr XmI{dbo. Ë`mda lr_hmamO pñ_V H$arV åhUmbo, ""AmVm AmoiI nQ>bobr {XgVo` !'' _YwH$a H$mi|À`m g§gmamVrb AS>MUr Ë`m§À`m AV¥á {nVam§_wio AmhoV Ago gm§JyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr {nVam§Zm g§Vwï> H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$m` {dYr H$amdoV ho Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVbo. lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm nyOogmR>r Jwéna§naoMm \$moQ>mo {Xbm Am{U CnmgZm H$aÊ`m{df`r gm§{JVbo. lr_hmamOm§À`m gm§JÊ`mà_mUo {dYr Ho$ë`mda g§gmamVrb Ìmg H$_r Pmbm. CnmgZo_wio _Zmbmhr em§Vr bm^br. ZmoH$ar{Z{_ÎmmZo "XmohX' dJ¡ao Xyada H$moR>oVar dmñVì` Ago; na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Zm dma§dma nÌo {bhÿZ CnmgZoVrb Amnë`m e§H$m, AS>MUr Vo {dMmarV Am{U lr_hmamO Ë`m§Zm CÎmao nmR>dyZ {dñV¥V _mJ©Xe©Z H$arV. lr_hmamOm§Zr lr.H$mio `m§Zm {b{hbobr AZoH$ nÌo CnbãY AmhoV. H$mio Xm§nË`mbm AnË`àmár Pmbr Zmhr; na§Vw lr_hmamOm§À`m AmkoZo EH$m _wbrbm Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m _wbrgmaIr dmT>dbr Am{U {VMo `Wm`mo½` nmbZ H$ê$Z nwT>o {VMo gw`mo½` {R>H$mUr b¾ bmdyZ {Xbo. ho b¾hr lr_hmamOm§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmZoM Pmbo. H$Ý`mXmZmMo nwÊ` _moR>o Amho. Vo AmnUmbm Ho$di lr_hmamOm§_wioM bm^bo Ago lr_Vr H$mio gm§JVmV. XmoK§hr _wbrgh AZoH$ doim _§{XamV Xe©Zmbm `oV AgV. Jwénm¡{U©_m Am{U lr~m~m§Mr O`§Vr `m XmoZ CËgdm§Zm 1964 Vo 84 gmbmn`ªV à{Vdfu AJXr Z MwH$Vm `oV AgV. EH$Xm _§{XamV AmaVr Mmby hmoVr. Ë`m doir D${_©cm~mBªZm ""H$m` hd§` Vwbm ?'' Ago {dMmaë`mMm ^mg Pmbm. Ë`m doir Ë`m§Zr ""VwåhrM Oo `mo½` Agob Vo _bm Úm,'' Ago åhQ>bo. Ë`m doir lr~m~m§À`m g_mYrda gmoZMmâ`mMr \w$bo dm{hbobr hmoVr. Ë`mVrb XmoZ \w$bo n«gmX åhUyZ AmnUmbm {_imdrV Ago Ë`m§Zm dmQ>bo. AmaVr Pmë`mda lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`mVrb Am|Oi^a \w$bo CMbbr Am{U n«Ë`oH$mbm EH$EH$ \y$b {Xbo. Amü`© åhUOo D${_©cm~mBªÀ`m hmVmda lr_hmamOm§Zr XmoZ \w$bo R>odbr ! lr._YwH$aamd `m§Zm lr_hmamOm§Zr JéS>oœa `oWyZ AmUbobr gm§~`wº$ nmXwH$m {Xbr hmoVr. Ë`mÀ`m OmoS>rMr Xwgar _r Vw_À`m nËZrbm Z§Va XoB©Z Ago Ë`m§Zr gm§{JVbo hmoVo. D${_©cm~mB© `m§Zm EH$ {dîUwnX Ë`mnydu gmnS>bobo hmoVo. Vo {dîUwnX d lr_hmamOm§Zr {Xbobr nmXwH$m Aer OmoS>r Ë`m§Zr Xoìhmè`mV {ZË`nyOobm R>odbr hmoVr. _YwH$aamd `m§Mo {ZYZ Pmë`mda D${_©cm~mB© C§~aJmd `oWo EH$Q>çmM {Xdg H§$R>rV hmoË`m. _Zmbm AmYma \$º$ lrgX²Jwê§$À`m Zm_ñ_aUmMm. EH$ {Xdg A§JUmVrb VwierOdi EH$ nmXwH$mgÑe nmfmU Ë`m§Zm {_imbm. Ë`m§À`m H$mZmV AmdmO Ambm, ""_r nmXwH$m XoB©Z åhUmbmo hmoVmo Zm ? hrM 224 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Vr !'' na§Vw EH$mH$s Am`wî`m_wio Am{U n[apñWVr_wio _Z CXmg Pmbobo hmoVo. AmhoV VoM Xod gm§^miUo ^{dî`mV Ponob H$s Zmhr Aer pñWVr Amho. Ë`mV AmUIr hr nmXwH$m AmUyZ ^a H$embm Kmbm`Mr Agm {dMma H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zr Vmo nmfmU Q>mHy$Z {Xbm. _mÌ KamV Amë`mda Ë`m§À`m _Zmbm Q>moMUr bmJbr. AmnU MwH$bmo Ago dmQy> bmJbo; åhUyZ Ë`m Vr nmXwH$m emoYÊ`mgmR>r nwÝhm A§JUmV Joë`m. na§Vw Vr {_imbr Zmhr. X¡d XoVo nU H$_© ZoVo Aer Ë`m§Mr AdñWm Pmbr. Ë`m§Zr _Zmo_Z lr_hmamOm§Mr j_m _m{JVbr. na§Vw nwT>o H$mhr {XdgmVM EH$ M_ËH$ma Ë`m§À`m AZw^dmg Ambm. EH$ {Xdg Xoìhmè`mVrb Xodm§da dm{hboë`m H$ÊhoarÀ`m \w$bm§n¡H$s \$º$ lr_hmamOm§Zr {Xboë`m nmXwH$m§darb \w$bo Xwgè`m {Xderhr AJXr VmOr Q>dQ>drV am{hbr hmooVr. ~mH$s gd© \w$bo Zoh_rà_mUo ewîH$ {Z_m©ë`mdñWoV hmoVr. `m AZw^dmZo D${_©cm~mBªZm A{Ve` AmZ§X Pmbm Am{U lrgX²Jwê§$Mr H¥$nmÑï>r AmnUmda Amho Agm {dœmg dmQ>bm. lr_hmamO AmOmar AmhoV Ago g_Oë`mda D${_©cm~mB© Amnbr ^mMr gm¡.JmoS>~mobo `m§À`mg_doV lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Amë`m hmoË`m. godH$m§Zr WmoS>m doi Wm§~m`bm gm§{JVbo. D${_©cm~mB© Zm_ñ_aU H$arV Wm§~ë`m hmoË`m. EdT>çmV H$mZmV eãX EoHy$ Ambo, ""Xoh àmaãY H$g§ g§ndm`M§ AgV§ Vo ~Km`M§ Amho H$m ?'' Am{U Z§Va H$mhr doimZo lr_hmamO godH$m§Mm AmYma KoD$Z ~mhoa Ambo. ZrQ> MmbVm `oV ZìhVo. A§Jmda H$nS>ohr R>rH$ ZìhVo. D${_©cm~mBªZr Z_ñH$ma Ho$bm. na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Zr AmnUmbm AmoiIbo Zgmdo Ago dmQy>Z Ë`m§Zm IoX dmQ>bm. g_m{Y_§{XamVyZ ~mhoa nS>VmZm Zoh_rà_mUo EH$Xm hmV OmoS>Ê`mgmR>r Ë`m nmR>r dië`m, Voìhm lr_hmamO H$moUmMmhr AmYma Z KoVm EH$Q>oM C^o AmhoV, Ñï>r Ü`mZ_¾ Am{U Amerdm©XgyMH$ Aer hmVmMr _wÐm Ho$br Amho, Ago Ë`m§Mo Xe©Z Pmbo Am{U D${_©cm~mBªZm YÝ` dmQ>bo. Ë`m Amerdm©XmZo {Xbobo AmpË_H$ ~i AmOhr D${_©cm~mB© `m§À`m AZw^dmbm `oVo. nVtMo {ZYZ Pmë`m_wio 1984 Z§Va Ë`m§Zm dma§dma _§{XamV `oUo O_V Zgo. na§Vw Á`mà_mUo _mZgnyOm H$aVmV Ë`m àH$mao amoO nyOoÀ`m doir Ë`m _§{XamV `oD$Z lr~m~m _hmamOm§À`m g_mYrMo Am{U lr_hmamOm§Mo _ZmZo Xe©Z ¿`m`À`m. lr_hmamOm§Mr àH¥$Vr {~KS>ë`mMo g_Oë`mda Ë`m _ZmZoM {ZdmgñWmZmVrb dmñVyÀ`m ImobrV OmD$Z lr_hmamOm§Mo Xe©Z KoV AgV. EH$ {Xdg _ZûMjw§nwT>o H$m°Q>darb JmXr Jw§S>miyZ R>odbobr Amho Ago Ñî` {Xgbo. Voìhm Ë`m JS>~S>ë`m Am{U A§V`m©_r dgUmè`m lr_hmamOm§ZmM Ë`m§Zr {dMmabo H$s, ""AmVm Z_ñH$ma Hw$R>o H$am`Mm ?'' Voìhm Amkm Pmë`mJV _Z AmO OoWo lr_hmamOm§Mo g_m{Y_§{Xa Amho, VoWo Ambo Am{U Mm¡Wè`mgmaIr OmJm {Xgbr d `oWo Z_ñH$ma H$amdm Aer Amkm Pmbr. Ë`m§Zr VoWo Z_ñH$ma Ho$bm. na§Vw H$mhrVar {dnarV KS>bo Amho Ago dmQy>Z _Zmbm ~oM¡Zr Ambr. eodQ>r gmVì`m {Xder lr_hmamOm§À`m {Zdm©UmMr _m{hVr XoUmao nÌ {_imbo Am{U _J `m Ñï>mÝVmMm CbJS>m Pmbm. AZÝ` {Zð>m R>odUmè`m ^º$m§À`m AZw^d Ho$di.. / 225

A§V`m©_r lr_hmamO gX¡d dmg H$ê$Z AgVmV `mMr dma§dma à{MVr D${_©cm~mBªgma»`m ^º$m§Zm `oV AgVo Am{U VrM Ë`m§À`m dmQ>MmbrV AmYma XoUmar H$mR>r AgVo. lr_hmamOm§Zr gm§{JVë`mà_mUo lr_Vr D${_©cm~mB© `m§Zr Amnbr ^mMr, nydm©l_rMr Hw$.Á`moVr \$S>Ho$ {hbm Amnë`m _wbrgmaIr dmT>{dbr hmoVr. nwT>o lr_hmamOm§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmZwgma {VMm {ddmh lr.e{eH$m§V Omoer `m§À`mer 1981 gmbr Pmbm. `m gm¡.erVb Omoer `m§Zr lr_hmamOm§À`m g§X^m©Vrb H$mhr gw§Xa AmR>dUr gm§{JVë`m AmhoV. EH$Xm lr._YwH$a H$mio `m§Zr dImarVyZ H$moigo IaoXr Ho$bo. Ë`m doir H$moigodmë`mZo ZOaMwH$sZo nmM én`o A{YH$ naV Ho$bo. H$mio `m§À`m Vo Ë`mM doir bjmV Ambo. na§Vw "H$moigodmbm b~mS>M Amho, Ë`mbm n¡go H$embm naV H$am`Mo ?' Agm {dMma H$ê$Z H$mi|Zr Vo n¡go naV {Xbo ZmhrV. _mÌ _Zmbm WmoS>r Q>moMUr bmJbr. hr Jmoï> XmohX `oWo KS>bobr. Ooìhm H$mio H$mhr {Xdgm§Zr nwÊ`mbm Ambo, Voìhm lr_hmamO åhUmbo, ""Aao _Yw^mD$ Ë`m A§~mbmbMo (dImadmë`mMo) nmM én`o XoD$Z Q>mH$ ~a§ ! Vo \o$S>Ê`mgmR>r CJmMM EImXm OÝ_ dm`m Kmbdmdm bmJob.'' lr.H$mio ho EoHy$Z W¸$ Pmbo. lr_hmamOm§Mr j_m _mJyZ Vo Kar Ambo Am{U Ë`m§Zr H$moigodmë`mMo n¡go gd©àW_ XoD$Z Q>mH$bo. lr.H$mio aoëdo dH©$em°n_Ü`o H$m_mbm hmoVo. EH$ {Xdg H$m_ AmQ>monyZ Kar naV `oV AgVmZm Ë`m§Zm dmQy> bmJbo H$s AmO AmnU dH©$em°n_Yrb _{eZ ~§X H$am`bm {dgabmo AmhmoV. Vo {dMma _ZmVyZ PQ>Hy$Z Q>mHy$Z Vo nwT>o MmbV am{hbo nU gmaIo VoM {dMma _ZmV `oV hmoVo. na§Vw _mJo Z diVm _ZmVrb {dMma Xwb©jyZ Vo nwT>oM OmD$ bmJbo. eodQ>r nm`mV _UmMr ~oS>r KmVë`mJV Ë`m§Mo nm` O{_Zrbm OIS>bo Jobo; Voìhm Ë`m§Zr _mJo OmD$Z EH$Xm _ZmMr ImÌr H$am`Mo R>a{dbo. Vo dH©$em°n_Ü`o naV Ambo Am{U nmhmVmV Vmo H$m` ? _{eZ Ia§M Mmby hmoVo Am{U H§$nZm§_wio OmJodê$Z gaH$V gaH$V q^Vrnmer Ambo hmoVo. q^VrOdi `oD$Z Vo AmnQ>bo AgVo Va _{eZMo ZwH$gmZ Pmbo AgVo Am{U Ë`mMm R>nH$m H$mi|da Ambm AgVm. H$mio VoWo nmohmoMbo Voìhm q^VrnmgyZ Oo_Vo_ B§M^a A§Vamda _{eZ Ambobo hmoVo. H$mio `m§Zr _{eZ ~§X Ho$bo Am{U `m àg§JmVyZ lr_hmamOm§ZrM Amnë`mbm dmM{dbo Amho `mMr OmUrd hmoD$Z Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm eVe: Z_ñH$ma Ho$bo. lr.H$mio `m§Zr lr Jm|XdboH$a _hmamOm§Mo M[aÌ dmMbo. Ë`m_Ü`o lr Jm|XdboH$a _hmamOm§Mo Ago à{VnmXZ Amho H$s Oa Vwåhr ~oewÕrV OmÊ`mÀ`m AIoaÀ`m jUmn`ªV Zm_ñ_aU H$arV am{hbmV Va ~oewÕrVgwÕm Vw_Mo Zm_ñ_aU AI§S> amhrb hr O~m~Xmar _mPr ! Ooìhm lr.H$mio `m§À`mda öX` eó{H«$`m hmoUma hmoVr, Ë`m doir glÕ _ZmÀ`m H$mio§Zr `m dMZmMr à{MVr `oVo H$m ho nmhm`Mo Amnë`m _Zmer R>a{dbo Am{U Am°naoeZnydu ^yb {Xbr OmV AgVmZm OmUrdnyd©H$ gVV Zm_ñ_aU H$arV am{hbo. ~oewÕrÀ`m Ë`m H$mimV VrZ-Mma doim ewÕ Amë`mgmaIo Pmbo. Ë`m doir H$mZmda K§Q>mZmX d Zm_ñ_aUmMo ÜdZr nS>bo. Am°naoeZ ì`dpñWVnUo nma nS>bo. lr_hmamOm§Mo Amerdm©X 226 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

nmR>rer hmoVo. g_m{Y_§{XamVyZ amoO A§Jmam-gw§R>dS>m `oV hmoVm. Ë`m_wio gd© H$mhr ì`dpñWVarË`m hmoD$Z Vã`oV gwYmê$ bmJbr. EH$ {Xdg lr_hmamO ñdV: Ë`m§Zm ^oQ>Ê`mgmR>r hm°pñnQ>b_Ü`o Ambo. Ë`m doir Ë`m§Zr H$mi|Zm {dMmabo, ""~oewÕr_Ü`ogwÕm na_oœa AgVmo `mMr OmUrd Pmbr Zm ?'' `m àýmZo gd© g§Vm§_Ü`o EH$ê$nËd H$go AgVo `mMmM àË`` lr.H$mio `m§Zm Ambm. lr.AéU H$mo{S>bH$a `m nwÊ`mVrb EH$ ^º$m§Zr EH$ gw§Xa AmR>dU gm§{JVbr Amho. 1968 gmb Agmdo. AéUamd lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmbm Ambobo hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§g_moarb ~mH$mda ~gyZ lr_hmamOm§er ~mobV hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Mo Yy_«nmZ AYyZ_YyZ MmbyM hmoVo. Q>o~bmeoOmaÀ`m {IS>H$sÀ`m nÅ>rda "{ndim hÎmr'Mo nmH$sQ> Am{U H$mS>onoQ>r R>odbobrM Ago. Ë`m {Xder AéUamd lr_hmamOm§Zm åhUmbo, ""_hmamO Vã`oVrbm EdT>o Yy_«nmZ ~ao Zìho.'' S>moio {H$b{H$bo H$arV hgVhgV _hmamO åhUmbo, ""CÚm gmoSyZ XoD$ H$m ? nU Zmhr ! Xoh R>odÊ`mgmR>r Ago H$mhr Var Yê$Z R>odmdoM bmJVo ! ho Vwbm AmÎmm H$iUma Zmhr.'' nwT>o EH$ {Xdg lr_hmamOm§Zr Yy_n« mZ ~§X Ho$bo Vo H$m`_Mo ! _Zmda Am{U B§{Ð`m§da nyU© {Z`§ÌU Agboë`m lr_hmamOm§À`m Ñï>rZo Aem Jmoï>r A{Ve` jw„H$ hmoË`m. AéUamdm§Zm lr_hmamOm§Zr gX²Jwé^º$s H$er H$amdr `m {df`r CnXoe H$aVmZm gm§{JVbo, ""Amnë`m A§V:H$aUmV gX²Jwê$ Ago ^ê$Z am{hbo nm{hOoV H$s VoWo gX²Jwê§$À`m {dMmam§{edm` Xwgao {dMma `oUma ZmhrV, Ë`m§Mo VÎdm{edm` Xwgao VÎd `oUma Zmhr. AmnU gX²Jwê§$À`m MaUr nSy>Z amhm`bm nm{hOo.'' lr.d„^eoQ> ~mhoVr `m§Mo Hw$Qw>§~ lr~m~m§À`m ßbm°Q>À`m eoOmarM Agboë`m B_maVrV Iyn df} dmñVì`mbm hmoV.o 1956 gmbr lr_hmamOm§Zr lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m C^maUrMr Ywam ñdrH$mabr. VoìhmnmgyZM lr_hmamOm§À`m {ZH$Q> ghdmgmMo _hË^m½` ~mhoVr Hw$Qw>§~r`m§Zm bm^bo. `m ñWmZmÀ`m OS>UKS>UrVrb àË`oH$ KS>m_moS>rMo d„^eoQ> gmjrXma AmhoV. {H$amUm XwH$mZmMm ì`dgm` H$aUmao ~mhoVr _§{XamV bmJUmè`m {H$amUm _mbmMm nwadR>m H$arV. Jobr EH$mdÞ df} ho ì`mdhm[aH$ ZmVo AI§S> {Q>H$y Z Amho. `mdê$ZM lr.~mhoVtMm ì`dhma {H$Vr MmoI Am{U gMmoQ>rMm Amho `mMr H$ënZm `oV.o Ë`mM~amo~a lr_hmamOm§da ~mhoVr Hw$Qw>§~r`m§Zr {dbjU lÕm R>odbr. AmË`§{VH$ ào_ Ho$bo, g§nyU© {dœmg R>odbm Am{U AmO AË`§V gwImg_mYmZmZo H¥$VmW© OrdZ OJUmao lr.d„^eoQ> Am{U gm¡.à{_bm~oZ Amnë`m `m gwIr Am`wî`mMo gmao lo` lr_hmamOm§À`m H¥$nmÑï>rbm XoVmV. gm¡.à{_bm~oZ `m§Mo _mhoa Ah_XZJa `oWrb "H$m~«m' Hw$Qw>§~mV Amho. Ë`m§Mo AmOmo~m ho lrg§V H$mH$m _hmamO CnioH$a `m§Mo {eî` hmoVo. lr CnioH$a _hmamOm§Mr H$m~«m Hw$Qw>§~r`m§da H¥$nm hmoVr. gm¡.à{_bm~oZÀ`m AmB©Mo Zmd "A`moÜ`m' hmoVo. à{_bm~oZZm Vo "A`moÜ`oMr _wbJr' Ago g§~moYm`Mo. ""A`moÜ`oMr _wbJr H$moR>o Amho ?'' Aer AYyZ_YyZ Mm¡H$er H$am`Mo. _J N>moQ>çm à{_bm~oZ Xe©Zbm OmD$ bmJë`m Am{U _ZmV ^pŠV_mJm©Mo ~rO nS>bo. gm¡. à{_bm~oZ `m§Mm lr.d„^eoQ> `m§À`mer AZw^d Ho$di.. / 227

{ddmh hmoD$Z Ë`m nwÊ`mbm {ZKmë`m Voìhm Amerdm©X KoÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m lr CnioH$a _hmamOm§H$S>o Joë`m, ""AmVm Amnbo Xe©Z H$go hmoUma ?'' Ago à{_bm~oZZr {dfmX`wº$ A§V:H$aUmZo {dMmabo. Voìhm Vo åhUmbo, ""H$mhr H$miOr H$ê$ ZH$mog. eoOmarM {dR>mo~m Amho. Ë`mMo Xe©Z KoV Om. Vmo VwPm gm§^mi H$arb.'' Ë`m doir à{_bm~oZZm "{dR>mo~m' åhUOo H$moU H$mhrM _mhrV ZìhVo. na§Vw nwÊ`mbm Amë`mda _mÌ ~mhoVr Hw$Qw>§~r`m§g_doV Ë`mhr lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmbm `oD$ bmJë`m. b¾mZ§Va EH$Xm à{_bm~oZ _mhoar Joë`m hmoË`m. lr CnioH$a _hmamOm§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Ë`m Joë`m. Ë`m doir Vo åhUmbo, ""AmVm XmoZ _{hÝ`m§Zr A{YH$ _{hZm `oVmo`, Voìhm dmU Úm`bm Var `o qH$dm ¿`m`bm Var `o !'' à{_bm~oZ WmoS>çm ~wMH$ù`mV nS>ë`m. _J Ë`m§Zr hr h{H$H$V lr_hmamOm§À`m H$mZr KmVbr. Voìhm lr_hmamO åhUmbo H$s, ""Vy dmU Úm`bm Om !'' _J _hmamOm§Zr H$moUVo dmU Úm`Mo dJ¡ao gd© gm§{JVbo. Ë`mà_mUo gd© V`mar Ho$br Am{U _mhoar {ZKVmZm lr_hmamOm§Zm Z_ñH$ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m _§{XamV Amë`m. Ë`m doir lr_hmamO qH${MËH$mi ñVãY ~gbo. S>mi o o {_Qy>Z Ü`mZ Ho$bo Am{U åhUmbo, ""_mÂ`m _wbrbm nmR>dVmo`, H$moR>o OmD$ ZH$m !'' Z§Va Ë`m§Zr à{_bm~oZZm {Zamon {Xbm. BH$S>o lr CnioH$a _hmamO _mÌ AmXë`m {XdernmgyZM H$moR>o Jm`~ Pmbo hmoVo. ^º$_§S>ir emoYmemoY H$arV hmoVr, na§Vw Vo H$moR>o AmhoV `mMm H$mhr nÎmm bmJV ZìhVm. _mÌ Xwgè`m {Xder Vo gH$mir AMmZH$ naV Ambo Am{U Kam~mhoarb AmoQ>çmda nona dmMV ~gbo hmoVo. VoWyZ Vo jU^ahr CR>bo ZmhrV. CÝho AmoQ>çmda Ambr, Varhr Vo VoWyZ hbbo ZmhrV. à{_bm~oZZm nwÊ`mhÿZ {ZKyZ \$bQ>Ubm nmohmoMm`bm 3&&-4 Vmg Var bmJbo. Ë`m Vm~S>Vmo~ lr CnioH$a _hmamOm§H$S>o Joë`m. Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zr dmU {Xbo. Ë`m§Zm nmhmVmM lr CnioH$a _hmamO åhUmbo, ""H$m` J, {H$Vr Cera Ho$bmg ! Ho$ìhmnmgyZ dmQ> nmhmV `oWo ~gbmo` !'' Ë`m doir à{_bm~oZZm lr_hmamOm§Mo ñdJVmgmaIo ~mobUo ""_mÂ`m _wbrbm nmR>dVmo`, H$moR>o OmD$ ZH$m !'' AmR>dbo Am{U `m XmoZ gËnwéfm§V H$gm g§nH©$ AgVmo `mMm àË`` Ambm. AmXë`m {Xder AkmVñWir {ZKyZ Jobobo lr CnioH$a _hmamO lr_hmamOm§Zr g§Xoe nmR>{dë`m_wioM gH$mirgH$mir naVyZ "lr_hmamOm§À`m _wbr'Mr dmQ> nmhmV CÝhmV VmQ>H$iV ~gbo hmoVo. _J àgmXmMo ^moOZ KoD$Z n«{_bm~oZ Kar naVë`m. nwÊ`mbm Amë`mda gpñ_V Mohè`mZo lr_hmamOm§Zr {dMmabo, ""Xe©Z Pmbo Zm !'' Voìhm à{_bm~oZZr hmoH$ma {Xbm. à{_bm~oZZm Ë`m doir YÝ`YÝ` dmQ>bo. à{_bm~oZ Mm¡Ï`m doir JamoXa hmoË`m, Ë`m doir EH$ {Xdg lr_hmamOm§Zr EH$ Zmai Ë`m§À`m hmVr {Xbm Am{U Vmo XodKamV R>odÊ`mg gm§{JVbo. Oa àgyVr gwIê$n Pmbr Va hm Zmai \$moSy>Z gdmªZr àgmX åhUyZ ¿`m, _mÌ Oa H$mhr A{Zï> KS>bo Va Zmai ZXrÀ`m àdmhmV {dg{O©V H$am Ago Ë`m§Zr gm§{JVbo. Ë`m doir lr. d„^eoQ>hr AmOmar nS>bobo hmoVo Am{U XwIUohr Vgo _m_wbr ZìhVo. nwT>o `WmdH$me à{_bm~oZ àgyV Pmë`m, _wbJm Pmbm. na§Vw n{hë`m H$mhr {XdgmVM Ë`mMr Vã`oV 228 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

{~KS>br Am{U Ý`w_mo{Z`m hmoD$Z ~m{dgmì`m {Xder Vmo _wbJm Jobm. lr_hmamOm§Zr gm§{JVbo hmoVo, Ë`mà_mUo Vmo Zmai {dg{O©V H$aÊ`mV Ambm. nwT>o `m Xw:ImVyZ WmoS>o gmdaë`mda Am{U d„^eoQ>Zmhr ~ao dmQ>ë`mda lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm g_OmdyZ gm§{JVbo H$s A[aï> Iao Va d„^eoQ> `m§ModaM `oD$ KmVbobo hmoVo, na§Vw Ë`m§À`m gwX¡dmZo Vo Q>ibo. AZoH$ chmZ _moR>o àg§J à{_bm~oZZm H$mb nadm KS>ë`mgmaIo AmR>dVmV. EH$Xm {edamÌrÀ`m {Xder à{_bm~oZ _§{XamV Xe©ZmgmR>r Amë`m hmoË`m. Ë`m Zoh_r gH$mir 7Ÿ&-7Ÿ&& dmOVm `oV AgV. _mÌ Ë`m {Xder gmS>oXhm hmoD$Z Jobo hmoVo. _hmamO åhUmbo, ""~g, KmB© Zmhr Amho Zm ?'' à{_bm~oZ Wm§~ë`m. lr_hmamOm§Zr H$mhr ZmUr KoVbr. Vr Amnë`m _wIm_Ü`o R>odyZ H$mhr doi Ü`mZñW Pmbo Am{U Z§Va Vr ZmUr Ë`m§Zr à{_bm~oZZm {Xbr. Vo gìdmAH$am én`o hmoVo. lr_hmamO åhUmbo, ""ho n¡go OnyZ R>od. `mÀ`m ~Xë`mV H$moUr bmI én`o XoD$ Ho$bo Var Vo H$moUmbm XoD$ ZH$mog !'' AOyZhr Vo n¡go à{_bm~oZZr OnyZ R>odbo AmhoV. gy`m©Zo X«m¡nXrbm Oer Wmir {Xbr Am{U {VZo hOmamo `mMH$m§Zm AÞ XoD$Z g§Vwï> Ho$bo. Ë`mMà_mUo `m gìdmAH$am én`m§ZrM Amnbm g§gma MmbV Amho, Ago à{_bm~oZZm dmQ>Vo. EH$Xm ~mobVm~mobVm lr_hmamO åhUmbo H$s, ""Vw_À`m _wbrMo b¾ _moR>çm WmQ>m_mQ>mV hmoB©b ! _moR>m g_ma§^ hmoB©b.'' Voìhm à{_bm~oZ åhUmë`m, ""Amåhr {H$amUm ì`mnmar, AJXr H$_r CËnÞmMm Y§Xm, ImD$Z{nD$Z gwIr AmhmoV EdT>oM. _mÌ ^nHo$Xma, ^ì` {ddmh g_ma§^ Am_À`m hmVyZ H$gm hmoUma ? Am_Mr VmH$X Vr {H$Vr ?'' Voìhm _hmamO åhUmbo, ""Vy H$embm Ë`mMr qMVm H$aVog ? _r VwÂ`m _wbrH$S>o H$m` Vo XoVmo !'' à{_bm~oZZr åhQ>b§, ""_wbrH$S>o XoUma AmhmV ?'' Voìhm Vo åhUmbo, ""~a§ Va, _J VwÂ`m _wbmH$S>o XoVmo !'' Amü`m©Mr Jmoï> åhUOo ~mhoVr Xmn§Ë`mMm _wbJm _°{Q´>H$n`ªVMohr {ejU nyU© Z hmoVmM 14-15 ì`m dfu ñdV§Ì ì`dgm`mV CVabm. Ë`mbm g§nyU© Xoe^amgmR>r EH$ EOÝgr {_imbr Am{U Y§ÚmV AJXr bhmZ d`mV `eñdr Pmbm. Ë`mZo ^anya n¡gm {_i{dbm. ~mhoVr Hw$Qw>§~mMr Am{W©H$ pñWVr Mm§JbrM gwYmabr Am{U _wbrMo b¾hr lr_hmamOm§À`m gm§JÊ`mà_mUo _moR>çm WmQ>m_mQ>mVM Pmbo. EH$Xm à{_bm~oZZm CËgdmÀ`m doir n§JVr_Ü`o lr_hmamOm§Zr gmV nwaUnmoù`m dmT>ë`m, gmo~V VwnmMr dmQ>r Am{U XwYmMrhr dmQ>r. g_moa _hmamO H$_aoda hmV R>odyZ R>m_ C^o. à{_bm~oZZr H$em~em nmoù`m g§n{dë`m. _mÌ AmVm gm`§H$mir H$mhr àgmXmbm `oUma Zmhr, Ago gm§JyZ Ë`m Kar Joë`m. lr_hmamO åhUmbo, ""~Kerb Vy ! gm`§H$mir Vwbm ^yH$ bmJob Am{U Vy `oerb !'' Am{U VgoM Pmbo. nmoù`m§Mm Oamhr Ìmg Pmbm Zmhr Am{U à{_bm~oZZr gm`§H$mirhr _§{XamV `oD$Z àgmX KoVbm. à{_bm~oZZm lr_hmamOm§À`m {Zdm©UmZ§Vahr Ë`m§Mo ApñVËd _§{XamV AMmZH$ H$moR>oVar jU-AYm© jU OmUdVo. {dbjU gwJ§Y OmUdVmo. EH$Xm lrH$mH$m _hmamO ~gbobo AgVmZm, AMmZH$ Ë`m§Mo AZw^d Ho$di.. / 229

OmJr lr_hmamOm§Mr _yVu {Xgy bmJbr. jUmV lr_hmamO Va jUmV lrH$mH$m _hmamO Ago AmbQy>ZnmbQy>Z {Xgy bmJbo. Ë`m doir à{_bm~oZ `m§Mr ImÌr nQ>br H$s AmnU lrH$mH$m§À`m XohmVyZ `oWo dmdaV AmhmoV `mMrM à{MVr lr_hmamO XoV AmhoV. à{_bm~oZZm EH$Xm EH$ {dbjU gyMH$ ñdßZ nS>bo. lr~m~m EH$m ^ì` d¡^dembr Aem aWmV ~gbo AmhoV. aWmbm gmV ew^« KmoS>o AmhoV Am{U lr~m~m åhUV AmhoV H$s AÚmn Ho$di XmoZM KmoS>o YmdV AmhoV. gmVhr KmoS>o YmdVrb Voìhm `m ñWmZmMo d¡^d nmhmerb ! à{_bm~oZ AmOhr AJXr {Z`{_VnUo _§{XamV Xe©Zmbm `oVmV. Ë`m§À`mM eãXmV gm§Jm`Mo Va lr_hmamO Ë`m§Zm KoD$Z `oVmV. _Ü`§Var 10 df} Ë`m§Zm JwS>KoXwIrMm Ìmg hmoV hmoVm. S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr Am°naoeZ H$am`bm gm§{JVbo hmoVo. na§Vw lrH$mH$m _hmamOm§Zr H$mhr CnmgZm H$am`bm gm§{JVbr. "d¡Úmo Zmam`Umo h[a' `m lÕoZo Vr CnmgZm H$aVmM à{_bm~oZ AmVm JwS>KoXwIrVyZ _wº$ Pmë`m AmhoV. d„^eoQ>Zm Oo. H¥$îU_yVvMo dmL²>_` Am{U {dMma AmdS>m`Mo. EH$Xm Vo lr_hmamOm§Zm åhUmbo H$s, Xod Amho qH$dm Zmhr `mMm {dMma H$aÊ`mnojm _mUgmZo ñdV:bm AmoiIbo nm{hOo, Aem Ame`mMo H¥$îU_yVvMo {dMma _bm AmdS>VmV. lr_hmamO Ë`m§Zm åhUmbo, ""Aao Vo Cƒ nmVirdaMo gmYH$ AmhoV. Zdì`m nm`arda Cä`m Agboë`m gmYH$mMo AZwH$aU n{hë`m nm`arda Cä`m Agboë`m gm_mÝ` _mUgmbm H$go H$aVm `oB©b ? gm_mÝ`m§Zr Zm_ñ_aU, Ü`mZ Ago ghO gwb^ _mJ©M MmoImimdoV. ^{º$_mJm©ZoM dmQ>Mmb gwb^ hmoVo.'' nwT>o H$mhr {Xdg _Z g¡a^¡a Pmbo, na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Zr hmV Yê$Z Ë`m§Zm `mo½` _mJm©da AmUyZ gmoS>bo. lr_hmamOm§À`m {Zdm©UmZ§Va d„^eoQ>Zm ñdßZmV EH$ {Xdg, lr_hmamO, _wioH$mH$m Am{U ñdV: d„^eoQ> EH$m _§{XamV C^o AmhoV, Ago Ñí` ñdßZmV {Xgbo. lr_hmamO åhUmbo, ""_r H$moR>o ~gy?'' lr d„^eoQ> åhUmbo, ""_mÂ`m öX`mV ~gm !'' Am{U AmZ§Xm{VaoH$mZo Vo OmJo Pmbo. lr_hmamOm§Mo ßbm°Q>_Yrb PmonS>rVrb dmñVì`, ~m~m§À`m _§{XamMr C^maUr Aem Ama§^mnmgyZÀ`m gd© Jmoï>r ~mhoVreoQ>Zr nm{hë`m AmhoV. `m àma§^rÀ`m H$mimV, EH$Xm ~mhoVtH$S>o gm§JbrhÿZ EH$m ZmVodmBH$m§Mo b¾mMo dèhmS> Ambo hmoVo. Vo gmaoOU _§{XamV Xe©Zmbm Jobo, Ë`m àË`oH$mbm àgmX åhUyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr 50 én`m§Mr ZmoQ> {Xbr. gmao dèhmS>r AJXr W¸$ hmoD$Z Jobo. Aem AZoH$ KQ>Zm lr.~mhoVr Zoh_r gm§JV AgVmV. lrg§V ZmZm nmR>H$ ho EH$ Wmoa AmË_gmjmËH$mar gËnwéf gmobmnya `oWo hmoD$Z Jobo. Zm{eH$ `oWrb _hmZ g§V lr JOmZZ _hmamO Jwáo `m§Mo Vo à_wI {eî` hmoVo. lr ZmZm nmR>H$ ho Zm{eH$bm dmñVì`mbm AgVmZm, lrg§V H$mH$m {ZamoIoH$a ho lr~m~m§Mo Jwé~§Yy Ë`m§Zm Zoh_r lr~m~m§~Ôb AZoH$ Jmoï>r gm§JV. Ë`m_wio lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmMr AmoT> lr ZmZm nmR>H$ `m§À`m _ZmV {Z_m©U Pmbobr hmoVr. lr ZmZm nwÊ`mbm Ambo H$s Vo lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmbm ^{º$^mdmZo `oV AgV. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m gd© {eî`m§Zm lr JOmZZ _hmamO Jwáo `m§Mo{df`r AVmoZmV AmXa d ào_ dmQ>o. Xe©Zmbm Amboë`m lr ZmZm 230 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

nmR>H$m§Zm lr~m~m Zoh_r XmoZ gwnmè`m XoV AgV. EH$ n§MdQ>rV XÎm _§{XamV R>odÊ`mgmR>r d Xwgar lr JOmZZ _hmamOm§Zm XoÊ`mgmR>r. lr ZmZm nmR>H$m§er ~mobVmZm Vo Zoh_r åhUV, ""Vwåhr Vw_À`m Jwê§$Zm nmM {XboV, nU _r _mÌ MmaM {Xbo.'' `m JyT> Cº$sMm AW©~moY lr ZmZm nmR>H$ `m§Zm hmoV Zgo. na§Vw g§VgËnwéfm§_Yrb ào_mXamMo ZmVo {H$Vr ÑT> Am{U AVŠ`© AgVo `mMm àË`` nwT>o lr~m~m§À`m _hm{Zdm©UmZ§Va Ambm. lr~m~m§À`m _hm{Zdm©UmZ§Va, lr[XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr lr~m~m§Mm àgmX åhUyZ lr ZmZm nmR>H$ `m§Zm nmM H$bXma én`o nmR>dyZ {Xbo. Vo nmhÿZ lr ZmZm `m§Zm lr~m~m dma§dma C„oI H$arV Ë`m Jmoï>rMr AmR>dU Pmbr Am{U lr_hmamOm§À`m AV:gm{jËdmÀ`m `m H¥$VrZo Vo ^mamdyZ Jobo. Amnë`m AmR>dUtÀ`m nwñVH$mV Ë`m§Zr AmdOy©Z hr h{H$H$V gm§{JVbr Amho. do._y. {_{b§X ~moaH$a JwéOr H$mhr H$m_m{Z{_Îm ~S>moÚmbm Jobo AgVm VoWo Ë`m§Zm lr. gào ZmdmMo EH$ d¥Õ J¥hñW `moJm`moJmZo ^oQ>bo. lr.gn«o ho lr a§JmdYyV ñdm_tMo {eî` AmhoV. lr.gào nydu lr grVmam_~wdm XohYmar AgVm§Zm H$mhr {Xdg gmdS>çm©bm lr dhmiH$a~wdm§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamV am{hbobo hmoVo. Vo lrhZw_mZ CnmgH$ hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Mo AmÜ`mpË_H$ gm_Ï`© Ë`m§À`m bjmV Ambobo hmoVo, Ë`m_wio lr_hmamOm§À`m {df`r Ë`m§À`m _ZmV A{Ve` AmXa ^mdZm hmoVr. `mg§X^m©V Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Mr EH$ AmR>dU lr. ~moaH$a JwéOr `m§Zm gm§{JVbr. ~mhoaJmdmhÿZ EH$Xm AMmZH$ e§^agìdmeo _mUgo _§{XamV Xe©ZmgmR>r Ambr. lr_hmamOm§Zr Mhm H$aÊ`mg gm§{JVbo. _§{Xam_Ü`o EdT>çm bmoH$m§Zm Mhm XoÊ`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ VodT>r MhmnyS>, gmIa, XyY hr gm_J«r ZìhVr. AmMmar Jmo§YimV nS>bm. EdT>m Mhm H$gm V`ma H$am`Mm ? Ë`m doir lr. gào `m§Zr AmMmè`mbm gm§{JVbo, ""Vwbm H$miOr H$aÊ`mMo H$maU Zmhr ! Amho Ë`m gmIa, nwS>rVyZ hmoB©b VodT>m Mhm H$a ! Vo {gÕnwéf AmhoV. Ë`m§Zm gd© H$mhr _mhrV Amho. Varhr Ë`m§Zr Mhm H$am`bm gm§{JVbm Amho. Voìhm VoM gd© àg§J {Z^mdyZ ZoVrb.'' Ë`mà_mUo AmMmè`mZo Mhm Ho$bm Am{U Vmo Amboë`m gd© _§S>itZm nwê$Z WmoS>m {e„H$hr am{hbm. lr.gào Jobr AZoH$ df} ~S>moÚmbmM AmhoV. nwÝhm gmdS>}-S>oadU `oWo `oUo Pmbobo Zmhr. Ë`m§Zr CËgwH$VoZo ~moaH$a JwéOtZm gÚpñWVr{df`r {dMmabo AgVm ~moaH$a JwéOr `m§Zr lrH$mH$m _hmamOm§{df`r Am{U nwUo, S>oadU ñWmZm§{df`r _m{hVr {Xbr. Ë`m doir lr.gào åhUmbo H$r, lrH$mH$m _hmamO ho _hmZ hZw_mZmonmgH$ AmhoV. Ia§ Va Ë`m§Mr lr_hmamOm§À`m nümV `m ñWmZmMr O~m~Xmar CMbÊ`mMr _ZmnmgyZ BÀN>m ZìhVr Am{U åhUyZM AZoH$ BÀNw>H$m§Zm ~mOyg gmê$Z lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§À`mH$S>o ~io~ioM hr O~m~Xmar gmon{dbr Amho Am{U Ë`m§À`m ZoV¥ÎdmImbr ho ñWmZ Iyn d¥qÕJV hmoUma Amho. D D D

AZw^d Ho$di.. / 231

àH$aU : 20

{ddoH$o nmhVm, Zm_ ê$n Zmgo & M¡VÝ` Vo Ago O¡go V¡gŸo && gZ 1978-79 nmgyZ 1984-85 n`ªV lr_hmamOm§Zm AZoH$ P§PmdmVr dmXim§Zm Vm|S> Úmdo cmJco. nwÊ`mV Am{U S>oadU `oWohr `m H$mcmdYrV {hVeÌy§À`m H$madm`m§Zm {dcjU Omoa MT>cm hmoVm. hm gd© H$mi lr_hmamOm§À`m emar[aH$ Am{U _mZ{gH$ j_VoMr H$gmoQ>r nmhmUmam hmoVm. lr_hmamOm§Mo d`hr gÎmar JmRy> nmhmV hmoVo. _mZ{gH$ÑîQ>çm lr_hmamO AJXr AIoan`ªV H$UIa hmoVo. nU EdT>r df} Ho$coë`m A{dlm§V _ohZVrMo n[aUm_ earamda hmoUo An[ahm`© hmoVo. aº$Xm~, _Yw_oh `m {dH$mam§Zr Xohmda AmH«$_U Ho$co hmoVo. H$\${dH$mahr Ìmg XoV hmoVm. S>moù`mV _moVrq~Xy Pmco hmoVo. na_oœamZo Xoh YmaU H$ê$Z `m OJmV AdVma KoVcm, Voìhm Ë`mcmhr _mZdr XohmÀ`m _`m©Xm gwQ>ë`m ZmhrV. Ë`m§À`m ghdmgmV AgUmè`m, Xe©Zmcm `oUmè`m ^º$m§Zm lr_hmamOm§À`m ImcmdUmè`m àH¥$VrMr H$miOr dmQ>o. nU H$moUr Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m Vã`oVr{df`r {dMmacoco AmdS>V Zgo. H$moUr H$miOr ì`º$ Ho$cr Va VmS>H$Z C^o amhm`Mo. n¡cdmZmgmaIo X§S> WmonQy>Z åhUm`Mo, ""_cm H$m` Pmc§` ? Mc, _mÂ`m~amo~a Hw$ñVr IoiVmog ?'' Am{U ñdV:M IiIiyZ hgm`Mo. _mÌ ho gd© Amnë`m {eî`m§À`m g_mYmZmgmR>r Agm`Mo. AmnU {Z_m©U Ho$coë`m `m ngmè`mMr ì`dñWm cmdÊ`mMm {dMma _mÌ Amnë`m _ZmV lr_hmamOm§Zr gwê$ Ho$cm hmoVm. g§nyU© Am`wî`mMo _moc XoD$Z C^macoë`m H$m`m©Mr Ywam, Amnë`m Im§Úmda g_W©nUo dmhÿ eHo$c Agm {eî`da Ë`m§Zm KS>dm`Mm hmoVm. AdVr^modVr AZoH$ {eî`JU hmoVo. AJXr KamXmamMm Ë`mJ H$ê$Z _§{XamVM Amnco gd©ñd Any©Z am{hcoco ^º$JUhr hmoVo. na§Vw AmnU H$moUVm dmagm Amnë`m {eî`mH$S>o gwnyX© H$aUma AmhmoV `mMr lr_hmamOm§Zm nyU© H$ënZm hmoVr. hr H$mhr Eoœ`©g§nÞ _R>mVrc, gmoÝ`m-_moË`m§Zr _T>{dcocr, _I_cr, Jw~Jw~rV _R>m{YnVrMr JmXr ZìhVr Va ho Ho$di A{gYmamd«V hmoVo. gd©ñdmMm Ë`mJ H$ê$Z Hw$Qw>§~-g§gma gmoSy>Z, EdT>oM Zìho Va "ñd'ËdmMmhr Ë`mJ H$ê$Z, Ho$di JwégodoMo d«V hmVr KoD$Z, g§nyU© Am`wî`mMr AmhþVr Jwê§$À`m MaUr, ^{º$^mdnyd©H$ An©U H$ê$ eHo$c Agm {eî` Ë`m§Zm emoYm`Mm hmoVm Am{U Agm {eî` {X. 4 OyZ 1976 amoOr Amnë`m nmdcm§Zr MmcV lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV XmIc Pmcm. AWm©VM `mMr H$ënZm Zm Ë`m {eî`mcm hmoVr Zm _§{XamVrc AÝ` H$moUm ^º$OZm§Zm ! lr.aKwZmW Ho$ed Omoer D$\©$ amdgmho~ ho lr_hmamOm§Mo AZwJ«hrV {eî`. nmdgcm lrñdm_r ñdê$nmZ§Xm§À`m CnpñWVrV lr_hmamOm§Zr 1951-52 gmcr Ë`m§Zm AZwJ«h {Xcm hmoVm. aKwZmWamd, 232 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Ë`m§Mo dS>rc~§Yy lr.XÎmmon§V ho gmao _hmamOm§Mo {eî` Va hmoVoM, na§Vw Ë`m§Mo dS>rc hþVmË_m lr.Ho$ed _hmXod Omoer Am{U lr_hmamOm§Mo AmOmo~m har gImam_ `m§À`mnmgyZ `m XmoZ Hw$Qw>§~m§V K{Zï> g§~§Y hmoVo. Vo g§~§Y 1951À`m Xaå`mZ lr.aKwZmWamd aËZm{Jarcm ZmoH$ar{Z{_ÎmmZo nwÝhm Amë`mda A{YH$M ÑT Pmco. lr.aKwZmWamd Ë`m doir XÎmmon§Vm§H$S>oM ghHw$Qw>§~ amhmV hmoVo. AÜ`mË_m{df`rÀ`m {OkmgoZo ho XmoÝhr ~§Yy Amnco {_Ì ~mny Im§S>oH$a `m§À`mgh lr_hmamOm§À`m gm{ÞÜ`mV A{YH$m{YH$ doi amhÿ cmJco. hm gd© ^mJ Mm¡Ï`m àH$aUmV Vn{ecdma Ambobm AmhoM. lr_hmamO Ë`m doir H$mhr {Xdg `m ~§Yy§À`m Kar amhm`cm Amco hmoVo. EH$ {Xdg lr_hmamOm§Zr Kar `oVmM A§JUmV IoiV Agcocm aKwZmWamd `m§Mm _wcJm {M.AemoH$ (lrH$mH$m _hmamO) `mcm nm{hco. Ë`mcm Amnë`mH$S>o ~mocmdyZ KoVco. _m§S>rda ~gdyZ Ë`mcm CnmgZm_§Ì {Xcm. hm gmam KQ>ZmH«$_ EdT>m AZno{jV hmoVm H$s gmao OU Vo nmhÿZ W¸$ Pmco Am{U AmZ§{XVgwÕm ! `m doir lr.AemoH$amdm§Zm EH$m {d{MÌ Ìmgmcm Vmo§S> Úmdo cmJV hmoVo. Oo_Vo_ gmV dfmªÀ`m AemoH$amdm§Zm Pmono_Ü`o _ñVH$mV EH$m Vrd« àH$meq~XyMm ñ\$moQ> hmoV Amho Agm ^mg hmoB© Am{U Vo PmonoVyZ qH$MmiV CRy>Z ~gV. AZoH$ Cnm` Pmco. AJXr _m§{ÌH$hr AmUyZ Pmcm, na§Vw hm Ìmg H$_r hmoV ZìhVm. lr_hmamOm§Zr CnmgZm_§Ì {Xë`mnmgyZ hm Ìmg H$m`_Mm ~§X Pmcm. lr.aKwZmWamdm§Zm g§V-gËnwéfm§À`m ghdmgmMr AmoT> hmoVr. d¥Îmr gmpÎdH$, Y_©nam`U hmoVr. ZmoH$arÀ`m{Z{_ÎmmZo àm_w»`mZo aËZm{Jar {OëømV AZoH$ VmcwŠ`m§À`m Jmdr dmñVì` Pmco. lr_hmamOm§à_mUoM lrñdm_r ñdê$nmZ§X, lr ZmZm _hmamO ~d}, lr H¥$îUm^mD$ Q>|~o åhUOoM lr ñdm_r {edmZ§X, lr amD$i _hmamO Aem AZoH$ g§V-gËnwéfm§À`m ghdmgmMm cm^ Ë`m§Zm Pmcm Am{U Ë`mM~amo~a lr.AemoH$amdm§Zmhr. _mÌ `mVrc H$moUrhr lr.AemoH$amdm§Zm AZwJ«h XoD$ Ho$cm ZìhVm. H$maU `m gdmªZmM ^{dî`mVrc Ë`m§Mr dmQ>Mmc ñnï> OmUdcocr Agmdr. ñWmnË` A{^`m§{ÌH$sMo {ejU nyU© H$ê$Z lr.AemoH$amd 1968 gmcr H$moëhmnya `oWo ZJa{Z`moOZ H$m`m©c`mV A{^`§Vm åhUyZ XmIc Pmco. lr.aKwZmWamd VËnyduM {Zd¥Îm Pmco hmoVo; Ë`m_wio gd© Hw$Qw>§~ H$moëhmnwamV {~èhmS> H$ê$Z am{hco. {X. 9 OyZ 1969 amoOr AemoH$amdm§Mm {ddmh Pmcm. EH$ _wcJm Am{U EH$ _wcJr Pmcr. ~oVmÀ`m Am{W©H$ n[apñWVrVhr g§gma gwIm-g_mYmZmV Mmcy hmoVm. H$m_m{Z{_Îm H$Yr nwÊ`mcm Amë`mg _§{XamV `oD$Z lr_hmamOm§Mo Xe©Z KoD$Z OmV AgV. H$moëhmnyahÿZ nwÊ`mcm ~Xcr Pmë`m_wio lr.AemoH$amd {X. 3 OyZ 1976 amoOr H$moëhmnyahÿZ {ZKyZ {X. 4 OyZ 1976 amoOr nwÊ`mcm nhmQ>o Amco d Z§Va Am§Kmoi H$ê$Z gH$mir 8 dmOVm lr_hmamOm§Zm `oD$Z ^oQ>co. AmVm nwÊ`mcmM ~Xcr Pmcr Agë`m_wio, dma§dma _§{XamV `oUo hmoD$ cmJco. Xa ~wYdma Am{U a{ddma _§{XamV Oodm`cm `oÊ`mMr Amkm Pmcr. _§{XamVrc H$m_mVhr {ddoHo$ nmhVm.. / 233

WmoS>m\$ma hmV^ma cmJy cmJcm. nwT>o H$moëhmnyaMo {~èhmS> nwÊ`mcm Amco. _§{XamV {Z`{_VnUo gH$mir AmR> dmOVm `oÊ`mMm H«$_ gwê$ Pmcm. H$m`m©c`rZ O~m~Xmè`m gm§^miyZ Cacm doi _§{XamV lr_hmamOm§À`m gm{ÞÜ`mV OmD$ cmJcm. Am{W©H$ n[apñWVr_wio nwÊ`mVrc {~èhmS> 1979 À`m OyZ_Ü`o gmVmè`mcm hc{dco. Ë`mZ§Va lr_hmamOm§Zr lr.AemoH$amdm§Zm _§{XamVM amhmÊ`mg `oÊ`mMr Amkm Ho$cr. hiyhiy O~m~Xmè`m dmTy> cmJë`m. lr_hmamO EH$EH$ H$m_ g_OmdyZ XoV hmoVo, gmondV hmoVo, H$Yr amJdV hmoVo, Va H$Yr H$m¡VwH$ H$arV hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§À`m Amkoà_mUo lr.AemoH$amd 1981À`m OmZodmarV gaH$mar ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z _§{XamV nyU© doi "XodmMr MmH$ar' H$aÊ`mgmR>r éOy Pmco. `oWyZ nwT>o àg§Jmàg§JmVyZ lr_hmamO AemoH$amdm§Zm R>mHy$Z-R>moHy$Z AmH$ma XoV hmoVo, _mÌ Vo H$moUVr _yVu KS>dV AmhoV `mMr H$ënZm AJXr OdiÀ`m _mUgm§Zmhr Amcocr ZìhVr. gZ 1981À`m OyZ_Ü`o lr_hmamOm§Zr _w§~B©cm A§Yoar `oWo lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~m§Zr ~m§Ycoë`m EH$m {Zdmgr g§Hw$cmV EH$ OmJm lr.AemoH$amdm§Zm KoD$Z {Xcr Am{U Ë`m§Mo gmVmè`mcm Agcoco Hw$Qw>§~r` _w§~B©cm Amco. lr.AemoH$amdm§À`m nËZrcm gm¡.{Z_mH$mHy§$Zm Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§Zr Amerdm©X {Xcm hmoVm H$s `m _w§~B©À`m KamV Vwcm H$mhr H$_r nS>Uma Zmhr. KamOdiM gd© H$mhr Vwcm {_ioc. VwP§ gd© H$mhr ì`dpñWV hmoB©c, `m Amerdm©XmÀ`m ~imda gm¡.{Z_mH$mHy§$Zr g§gmamMr gd© O~m~Xmar EH$Q>rZo gm§^micr Am{U lr.AemoH$amd _§{XamV nyU© doi Ho$di VZmZo Zìho Va _ZmZohr amhÿ cmJco. gZ 1981 _Ü`o lr_hmamOm§Zr "JwéH¥$nm' `m B_maVrMo H$m_ gwê$ Ho$co. {ZdmgñWmZmMr B_maV dmT>Ë`m ngmè`mÀ`m JaOm ^mJdm`cm Anwar nSy> cmJcr, åhUyZ øm B_maVrMo ~m§YH$m_ gwê$ Pmco Am{U lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`mMr gd© O~m~Xmar AemoH$amdm§da Q>mH$cr. lr.AemoH$amd ho ñdV: {gpìhc B§{O{Z`a; na§Vw Ë`m§Zmhr lr_hmamO ~m§YH$m_mVrc ~marH$gmarH$ ImMmImoMm {eH$dV AgV. AJXr {g_|Q>, dmiy, IS>rMo {_lU à_mUera H$go H$amdo `oWnmgyZ chmZ _moR>r àË`oH$ Jmoï> lr_hmamO Img Ë`m§À`m nÕVrZo H$er H$amdr, Ë`m _mJÀ`m H$maU_r_m§ggo h g_OmdyZ gm§JV. H$m_mV MyH$ dm H$gya {~cHy$c IndyZ KoVcr OmV Zgo. H$m_mVrb H$moUVrhr MyH$ Ë`m§À`m ZOaoVZy gwQ>V Zgo. lr_hmamOm§À`m CnpñWVrMo XS>nU H$m_Jmam§Zm EdT>o OmUdo H$s _J Ë`m§À`m hmVyZ MwH$m hmoD$ cmJV. AJXr hmVmVyZ K_oco Imcr nS>co Varhr lr_hmamO AemoH$amdm§Zm AmoaS>m`Mo ! øm B_maVrÀ`m ~m§YH$m_mMr O~m~Xmar åhUOo ^mdr H$mimVrc O~m~Xmè`m§Mm ~hþYm lrJUoem Agmdm; Am{U lr.AemoH$amdm§Zr ho H$m_ gwì`dpñWVnUo H$ê$Z lr_hmamOm§H$Sy>Z ng§VrMr nmdVrhr {_idcr. AWm©VM hr Ho$di gwê$dmV hmoVr. gZ 1979-80 nmgyZ nwT>rc VrZ-Mma df} lr_hmamOm§À`m {hVeÌy§Zr _moR>çm à_mUmV OUy g§K[Q>V CR>mdM Ho$cm hmoVm. AmYr dmK Hw$Qw>§~r`m§H$Sy>Z _§{XamcJVMm "937 ~r' hm ßcm°Q> ~iH$mdÊ`mMm à`ËZ, _w»`_§Í`m§H$S>o H$aÊ`mV Amcoco ImoQ>o AO© Am{U {ZZmdr J{cÀN> nÌHo$, _§{Xa gmd©O{ZH$ R>a{dÊ`mgmR>r Pmcoë`m H$moQ>©-H$Moè`m, Am`H$a ImË`mMm N>mnm, S>o¸$Z EÁ`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>rMr OmJm 234 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

IaoXr H$aVmZm Pmcocr YwidS>, S>oadU `oWrc Q´>ñQ>{damoYr qhgH$ H$madm`m Am{U ~XZm_rH$maH$ _mohr_ `m gmè`m§Zm lr_hmamO I§~ranUo Vm|S> XoV hmoVo. A§JrH¥$V gX²>JwéH$mOm_Ü`o lrgX²>Jwê§$À`mM Amerdm©XmZo Am{U nmR>~im_wio `e {_iyZ A§{V_V: lrgX²Jwê§$MmM _{h_m dmT>Uma Amho Agm lr_hmamOm§Mm R>m_ {dœmg hmoVm. lr_hmamO gX²>Jwê$ lr~m~m§Zm dma§dma àmW©Zm H$arV hmoVo H$s, AmnU AmVm naV OÝ_ KoD$Z `m Am{U ZdcmMr Jmoï> Aer H$s, lr_hmamOm§À`m namH$moQ>rÀ`m Jwé^º$s_wio EH$ AÑí` eº$s chmZ ~mcH$mÀ`m ê$nmV lr_hmamOm§^modVr `mM H$mcmdYrV dmdaV hmoVr. lr_hmamO Ë`m ~mc_yVucm "JUamO' Ago g§~mo{YV AgV Am{U Amnë`m AdVr^dVr ~mccrcm H$aUmè`m JUamOm§er lr_hmamO H$m¡VwH$mZo ~mocV AgV. lr_hmamO `m JUam`m§gmR>r _§{XamV Zoh_r OodU, XyY, Ho$ir R>odm`cm gm§Jm`Mo Am{U hr O~m~Xmar à_moX H$aH$ao `m§À`mH$S>o gmon{dcocr hmoVr. godoH$ar à_moX H$aH$ao, lr.~mUmdcr Aem H$mhr _moOŠ`m ì`º$s¨ZmM ho JUamO lr_hmamOm§À`m H¥$noZo nmhmVm `oV hmoVo. _mÌ AÝ` H$moUmcm Ë`m§Mo ApñVËd OmUdcoM Va Vo lr_hmamOm§À`m lrJUam`m§er hmoUmè`m g§dmXmVyZM. lr_hmamO g§Ü`ocm ~gco H$s ho JUamO Amnë`m ~mo~S>çm ~mocm§Zr lr_hmamOm§Odi nir, n§MnmÌ, VmåhZ ñdV:gmR>r _mJy cmJV. _J lr_hmamO Ë`m ~mc_yVuMr g_OyV H$mT>V AgV, ""Vy _mÂ`mgmaIm Xoh YmaU H$ê$Z `o, _J _r VwPr _w§O H$arZ d _J Vwcm g§Ü`m H$am`cm {_ioc.'' lr_hmamOm§Zr Xoh R>odÊ`mnydu EH$-XrS> df© AmYr `m ì`º$ ñdê$nmVrc JUam`m§Zr Aì`º$ hmoD$Z lr_hmamOm§À`m XohmV àdoe Ho$cm. d`mÀ`m gÎmarOdi nmohmoMcoë`m lr_hmamOm§Zr A{½ZnarjoÀ`m `m H$mimVM S>oadU Am{U nwUo `m XmoÝhr {R>H$mUr {d{dY H$m`©H«$_m§Mm YS>mH$m cmdcocm hmoVm. XmoÝhr ñWmZmVrc gU-g_ma§^, CËgd, {d{dY àM§S> ~m§YH$m_o, OZgodoÀ`m ZdZì`m `moOZm Omo_mZo hmVr KoVcoë`m hmoË`m. nwÊ`mÀ`m JwéH¥$nm B_maVrMo ^ì` ~m§YH$m_ Ogo gwê$ hmoVo, Ë`mMà_mUo S>oadU `oWo `mM H$R>rU H$mimV {edg¥ï>rMr {Z{_©Vr gwê$ hmoVr. {edg¥îQ>r hm _hmàH$ën hmoVm Am{U Ë`mgmR>r gd© Am{W©H$ O~m~Xmar ^º$loð> H$_cmH$an§V dmcmdcH$a `m§À`mda Q>mH$Ê`mV Amcr hmoVr. 1980-81 gmcr ~m§YH$m_ ì`dgm`mV Amcoë`m _§XrÀ`m nmœ©^y_rda, lr.dmcmdcH$a `m§Zmhr {edg¥ï>rgmR>r n¡em§Mm AmoK A~m{YV R>odUo H$R>rU OmV hmoVo. _mÌ Ë`m§Mohr _ZmoY¡`© lr_hmamOm§à_mUoM A{dMc hmoVo. aº$Xm~, _Yw_oh, ~ÕH$moð>Vm Aem {dH$mam§Zr lr_hmamOm§À`m XohmV M§Mwàdoe Ho$cm hmoVm. _mÌ Varhr lr_hmamOm§Mm `m {dH$mam§da nyU© Vm~m hmoVm. EH$Xm lr_hmamOm§À`m Vã`oVrMr nyU© VnmgUr H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm gdmªZr amOr Ho$co. lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~, lr.AemoH$amd Omoer, S>m°.AÀ`wV Omoer Ago gd© OU lr_hmamOm§Zm nwÊ`mÀ`m "ê$~r Z{gªJ hmo_'_Ü`o KoD$Z Joco. gd© VnmgÊ`m Pmë`m, nyU© {ddoHo$ nmhVm.. / 235

~m°S>r ñH°$qZJ Ho$co, _|Xy , öX`, {H$S>Zr Aem gd© VnmgÊ`m Pmë`m. gmoZmoJ«m\$s Pmcr. na§Vw H$moR>oM Xmof AmT>icm Zmhr. gd© VnmgÊ`m ZH$mamË_H$ Amë`m. gZ 1986À`m {XdmirÀ`m {Xder ãcS >ewJa 425 n`ªV dmT>cr. gm_mÝ` _mUyg Aem AdñWoV ~oewÕ hmoVmo. _mÌ lr_hmamO nyU© ewÕrV hmoVo. gVV VrZ {Xdg Z ImVm{nVm PmonyZ H$mT>co. _Ü`oM EH$Xm A§WéUmda CRy>Z ~gco Am{U åhUmco, ""A{œZrHw$_mam§Zmo ! `m. ho Oam R>mH$R>rH$ H$ê$Z Úm.'' Ë`mZ§Va S>m°.àH$me Omoer Am{U S>m°.Kmanwao `m§Zr aº$ VnmgUr Ho$cr, Va ãcS> ewJa 85 da Amcocr hmoVr. lr_hmamOm§Zm VnmgUmè`m VÁk S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr ñdV:M Jm|YimV nS>mdo, Ago àH$ma `mnyduhr lr_hmamOm§À`m crco_wio Pmcoco hmoVo. H$Xm{MV Amnë`m qMVmVwa ^º$m§Zm {Xcmgm XoÊ`mgmR>r lr_hmamO Ago KS>dyZ AmUV AgmdoV. H$mhr doim lr_hmamO AQ>i ^{dî`mg§~§Yr WmoS>o\$ma ~mocV Am{U Ë`mZo ^º$JU ì`mHy$i hmoD$Z OmV. EH$Xm JwéH¥$nm B_maVrMo H$m_ gwê$ AgVmZm lr_hmamO Ë`m B_maVrÀ`m nm`è`m MTy>Z da Amco Am{U g_moa Agcoë`m nmÊ`mÀ`m hm¡XmH$S>o ~moQ> XmIdrV åhUmco, ""_mPo A§Ë`{dYr `oWo H$am`Mo ~a§ H$m ! _cm `m hm¡XmV R>odm, Am{U _J H$mnya, M§XZ, ~oc, Vwier KmcyZ da _mVr KmcyZ _J da EH$ Kw_Q>r ~m§Ym.'' lr.AemoH$amdm§Zr Vmo {df` VoWoM Wm§~{dcm. EH$Xm lr_hmamO, lr.AemoH$amd, dmcmdcH$agmho~, í`m_amd {Q>Ho$H$a, Ë`m§À`m nËZr, ~§SyeoQ> OmYd d Ë`m§À`m nËZr, ~mUmdcrgmho~ Aer gd© _§S>ir ~mocV ~gcr hmoVr. {d{dY Y_m©V ê$T> Agcoë`m A§Ë`g§ñH$ma nÕVtMm {df` {ZKmcm. àË`oH$mcm lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`mMo _V {dMmaco. lr.AemoH$amd åhUmco H$s A{¾g§ñH$mamMr nÕV gdmªV Mm§Jcr Amho, H$maU Ë`mcm N>moQ>r OmJm nwaVo Am{U Vr nwÝhmnwÝhm dmnaVm `oVo. X\$Z{dYr_wio OmJm H$m`_Mr ASy>Z ~gVo, Ë`m_wio AÝ` Y{_©`m§À`m X\$Z^y_rgmR>r OmJm {_iUo hr OJ^amV S>moHo$XwIr Pmcr Amho. Ë`m doir lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""_r nydu åhQ>ë`mà_mUo _mPm CËgJ©{dYr H$ê$ ZH$m. _mÂ`m Xohmda A{¾g§ñH$maM H$am.'' `m {df`mda nwT>o H$mhr ~mocUo H$moUmcmM eŠ` Pmco Zmhr. gZ 1983 _Ü`o EH$ {dcjU Jmoï> KS>cr. lr.AemoH$amd H$mhr {heo~ XmI{dÊ`mgmR>r lr_hmamOm§H$S>o Amco hmoVo. {heo~ XmIdVmZm lr_hmamO AMmZH$ lr.AemoH$amdm§Zm åhUmco, ""hr ghr _mPr Zìho, hr Vy ImoQ>r ghr Ho$cr Amhog.'' lr.AemoH$amd åhUmco, ""_r Am`wî`mV H$Yr ImoQ>§ dmJcmo Zmhr. {heo~mV \$gdm\$gdr Ho$cr Zmhr. Vw_Mr ImoQ>r ghr _r Ho$cocr Zmhr. Oo AmhoV Vo {heo~ IaoM AmhoV.'' ho gmao am_m`U Xwnmar ~mam dmOon`ªV MmcyM hmoVo. AIoarg lr.AemoH$amd åhUmco, ""ho Vw_Mo n¡go ¿`m, Am{U _cm _moH$i§ H$am ! _r `oWyZ {ZKyZ OmVmo !'' VodT>çmV lr.~mimgmho~ H$mOaoH$a VoWo Amco Am{U Vmo {df` ~mOyg nS>cm. lr.AemoH$amd lr_hmamOm§À`m ~gÊ`mÀ`m OmJoÀ`m ~mOyg Agcoë`m ~mH$mda ~gco hmoVo. ~mOycm lr.~mimgmho~ 236 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

~gcoco hmoVo. AMmZH$ lr_hmamOm§Zr AemoH$amdm§Zm {dMmaco, ""_r _mPm nm` VwÂ`m _m§S>rda R>odcm Va H$m` hmoBc © ?'' AemoH$amd åhUmco, ""H$mhr Zmhr, R>do m !'' Ë`m doir Ë`m§Zr Amncm COdm nm` AemoH$amdm§À`m _m§S>rda R>odcm Am{U åhUmco, ""A§JR>m Ya !'' AemoH$amdm§Zr COì`m hmVmZo Ë`m§À`m nm`mMm A§JR>m nH$S>cm. 5-7 {_{ZQ>o lr_hmamO EH$Q>H$ {Züc ZOaoZo AemoH$amdm§H$S>o nmhmV hmoVo. _J Ë`m§Zr Amncm nm` H$mTy>Z KoVcm d Mhm _mJ{dcm. Mhm KoVë`mda lr.AemoH$amdm§Zr {dMmaco, ""AmÎmm ho AmnU H$m` Ho$coV ?'' lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""_mPr eº$s _r VwÂ`mV g§H«${_V Ho$cr Amho. AmO Vwcm H$mhrM OmUdUma Zmhr. _mÌ hiyhiy Ogo VwPo eara ewÕ Am{U gj_ hmoB©c, earamVrc gd© AewÕ {ZKyZ OmB©c, Voìhm Vr eº$s VwÂ`mV {_giyZ OmB©c.'' ho EdT>o ~mocUo Pmco Am{U _J AemoH$amdm§Zr hiyM {dMmaco, ""Ë`m ghrMo H$m` ?'' Ë`mda _Z_wamX hgV lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""Aao _r VwPr J§_V Ho$cr. VwP§ _Z ~KV hmoVmo. AmVm VwP§ {ZXm}{fËd ñQ>°ån nonada {chÿZ XoD$ H$m` ?'' "_r `oWyZ {ZKyZ OmVmo' Ago åhUUmè`m H$moUmhr _mUgmcm lr_hmamOm§Zr jU^amgmR>rgwÕm Wm§~dco ZìhVo; na§Vw AemoH$amdm§À`m ~m~VrV _mÌ hm AndmX EH$XmM Zìho Va XmoZ doim Pmcm hmoVm. darc àg§JmZ§Va XmoZ-VrZ dfmªZr åhUOo 1985-86 gmcr KS>cocr hr KQ>Zm. XwnmaMr doi hmoVr. OodUmMr doi Pmcr hmoVr. lr_hmamOm§Mr Vã`oV Ë`m doir VodT>rer ~ar ZìhVr. Ë`m§Zm Ìmg hmoD$ Z`o åhUyZ gd© OU AJXr Ë`m§À`m H$cmZo hiwdmanUo dmJyZ gd© Jmoï>r H$arV AgV. Ë`mà_mUo, ""nmZo ¿`m`Mr H$m ?'' Ago AemoH$amdm§Zr OmD$Z {dMmaco. Ë`m§Zr hmo åhQ>co åhUyZ nmZo KoD$Z Pmcr. "Oodm`cm Mcm' Ago gm§Jm`cm Joë`mda lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""Vwåhr Oodm, _cm Oam doi Amho.'' gd© OU g§H$moMy cmJco, Voìhm AmV `oD$Z åhUmco, ""Vwåhr gwédmV H$am. Vw_M§ Pmë`m{edm` _r H$mhr OodUma Zmhr.'' VoìhmM gdmªZm H$mhr Var doJim àH$ma Agmdm Ago dmQ>co. _mÌ lr_hmamOm§À`m Amkoà_mUo gdmªZr KmB©KmB©Zo OodUo AmQ>moncr. lr_hmamO ~mhoa IwMuda ~gcoco hmoVo. Xwnmar g\$mB©, PmS>cmoQ> H$aUmè`m ñÌr-nwéf H$m_Jmam§Zr Amnco H$m_ gwê$ Ho$co hmoVo. AMmZH$ lr_hmamOm§Zr AemoH$ YmoÌo dJ¡ao H$m_Jmam§Zm ~mocmdyZ KoVco Am{U H$m_mda C{eam Amë`m~Ôc Ë`m§Zm g§VmnyZ ~mocy cmJco. H$m_Jmam§Zr AmnU doiodaM `oD$Z H$m_ gwê$ Ho$co Amho, Ago gm§JÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm. na§Vw lr_hmamO H$moUmMoM EoHy$Z KoV ZìhVo. jUmjUmcm amJmMm nmam MT>V hmoVm. H$moUr _Ü`oM ñnï>rH$aU XoD$ Ho$ë`mg A{YH$M g§VmnV hmoVo. ""ho dH©$em°n AmVm ~§X Ho$co nm{hOo. ho AmVm ZrQ> H$m_ H$arV Zmhr. ho AmVm {~KS>co Amho. ho AmVm ~§XM H$ê$Z Q>mH$Vmo,'' Ago dma§dma åhUV hmoVo. BVa doir "MwH$cmo' Ago åhUyZ j_m`mMZm Ho$br H$s Ë`m§Mm amJ cJoM em§V hmoB©. na§Vw Ë`m {Xder _mÌ H$moUVrM _mÌm MmcoZm. Ë`mM doir `moJm`moJmZo _w§~B©hÿZ VoWo lr.~mOramd {Q>Ho$H$a Am{U lr.{dH$mgamd dmcmdcH$a ho Amco. na§Vw Varhr dmVmdaUmV {ddoHo$ nmhVm.. / 237

~Xc hmoB©Zm. `m gmè`m àH$mamV Vmg-XrS> Vmg Jocm. eodQ>r ho gmao nmhÿZ AemoH$amd nwT>o Pmco. Ë`m§Zr Yra H$ê$Z {dMmaco, ""_r AmUIr H$m` H$amd§ Aer Amncr Anojm Amho ? _mP§ H$mhr MwH$V Amho H$m` ? H$mhr gwYmaUm H$am`À`m AmhoV H$m ?'' Ë`mda Vo H$mhrM ~mocco ZmhrV, _mÌ "ho AmVm ~§X H$ê$Z Q>mH$Vmo' dJ¡ao MmcyM hmoVo. "dH©$em°n ~§X H$aVmo' åhUOo "XohË`mJ H$aVmo' hm lr_hmamOm§Mm J{^©V Bemam cjmV KoD$Z lr.{dH$mgamd Aly T>miy cmJco. na§Vw Varhr lr_hmamOm§Mo _Z X«doZm. AIoarg lr.AemoH$amd Ë`m§À`mOdi OmD$Z {ZYm©amZo åhUmco, ""_mÂ`m_wio AmnUmcm `m Aem AmOmanUmV Ìmg hmoVmo Amho ho _cm nmhmdV Zmhr. _r H$moR>o Var H$_r nS>Vmo` ! Ë`mMm AmnUmcm Ìmg hmoVmo` ! Voìhm AmnU _cm gwÅ>r Úm. _r AmVm Kar naV OmVmo.'' _mÌ ho EoH$ë`mda Vo åhUmco, ""Vy Oa Jocmg Va _r `m IwMuVyZ CR>UmagwÕm Zmhr. `m IwMuVM ~gyZ XohË`mJ H$arZ.'' Jw§Vm gwQÊ>`mEodOr dmT>cm hmoVm. AIoarg lr.~mOramd {Q>Ho$H$a AemoH$amdm§Zm åhUmco, H$s Vwåhr OmUma Zmhr Ago Ë`m§Zm gm§JyZ Q>mH$m. AemoH$amdm§Zr AmnU OmV Zgë`mMo gm§{JVco Ë`mda lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""Ag§ Zmhr ! _r `oWyZ Am`wî`^a OmUma Zmhr, Ag§ åhU !'' _J AemoH$amdm§Zr Ë`m§Zm hd§ hmoV§ Vg§ {Z:g§{X½Y eãXm§V, ""Cd©arV Am`wî`mV _r ho ñWmZ gmoSy>Z OmUma Zmhr,'' Ago gm§{JVco Am{U _J lr_hmamO em§V Pmco, AmZ§{XV Pmco. Ë`m§Zr noT>o _mJdyZ gdmªZm dmQ>co. _J Mhm-nmoho Pmco. XmoZ-VrZ Vmgm§Mo VUmdnyU© ZmQ>ç AIoa Ago AmZ§XmV g§nco. gZ 1987 À`m Xaå`mZ lr_hmamOm§Zm _moVrq~XyMm Ìmg hmoD$ cmJcm hmoVm. _moVrq~XyMr eñÌ{H«$`m Ver _moR>r Zìho. na§Vw Ë`m doir A_o[aHo$V EH$ ZdrZ nÕVrZo _moVrq~XyMr eñÌ{H«$`m H$arV Am{U ^maVmV Vr nÕV VodT>r éicocr ZìhVr. Ë`m nÕVrZo eñÌ{H«`m H$aÊ`mgmR>r lr_hmamOm§Zm A_o[aHo$cm Ý`mdo Aer lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~ AmXr ^º$_§S>itMr BÀN>m hmoVr. lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~m§Mr Jwé{Zð>m AJXr ~mdZH$er hmoVr. OJmV OoOo gdm}Îm_ CncãY Amho VoVo gX²>Jwê§$À`m MaUr {dZ_« ^mdmZo An©U H$amdo Aer Amg Ë`m§Zm cmJyZ am{hcocr Ago. lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~m§Mm hm ^md {H$Vr {Z_©i, {H$Vr {dZ_« hmoVm `m{df`rMr EH$ h{H$H$V ~arM ~mocH$s Amho. EH$Xm lr_hmamO ½dmëhoacm {ZKmco hmoVo. gmo~V gmho~ Amnë`m cmc {\$`mQ> JmS>rVyZ gmaÏ` H$arV hmoVo. dmQ>oV JmS>rMr ~°Q>ar ZmXwéñV Pmcr. {IemV nwaogo n¡go ZìhVo åhUyZ gmho~m§Zr ~°Q>arMr Amdí`H$ VodT>r XwéñVr H$ê$Z KoVcr. àdmg gwIê$n nmahr nS>cm. na§Vw gmho~m§Zm _mÌ `m àg§JmMr AmR>dU Pmcr H$s I§V dmQ>m`Mr. ""lr_hmamO JmS>rVyZ àdmg H$arV AgVmZm, Iao Va _r hmVmVrc A§JR>r {dHy$Z Zdr ~°Q>arM ~gdm`cm hdr hmoVr. Amnco Ë`m doir \$maM MwH$co,'' `m {dMmamZo gmho~ AñdñW hmoV AgV. gX²>Jwê§$À`m MaUr ñdV:gh Á`mZo gd©ñd An©U Ho$co Amho Aem gÀMm ^º$mcmM Aem àH$maMr 238 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Q>moMUr cmJVo. AerM Q>moMUr lr.AemoH$amdm§Zmhr cmJcocr Ago. 1972 gmcr EH$Xm _§{XamV Xe©ZmgmR>r Amco AgVmZm Y_m©W© noQ>rV An©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr {IemVyZ n¡go H$mT>co. XmoZ $én`m§À`m XmoZ ZmoQ>m hmoË`m. Ë`mVrc EH$ ~è`mn¡H$s H$moar Va Xwgar _icocr hmoVr. hr _icocr ZmoQ> noQ>rV Q>mHy$Z Vo Ü`mZmgmR>r ~gco Va Ü`mZmH$S>o cjM cmJoZm ! gX²>Jwê§$Zm Oo An©U H$am`Mo Vo Amnë`mOdirc gdm}Îm_ Agoc VoM An©U H$amdo. AmnU jwÐnUm Ho$cm `m {dMmamZo Vo AñdñW Pmco. AIoarg Vr Xwgar H$moar ZmoQ> Ooìhm noQ>rV An©U Ho$cr Voìhm Ë`m§Zm ñdñWVm cm^cr. ho Ago gV²{eî` EH$Ì `oD$Z Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm A_o[aHo$V ZoD$Z VoWoM eñÌ{H«$`m H$aÊ`mMo R>a{dco Am{U AmO©do H$ê$Z lr_hmamOm§Zm `m ~oVmg amOr H$a{dco. `m chmZem eñÌ{H«$`ogmR>r A_o[aHo$cm OmÊ`mMr EdT>r XJXJ H$emcm H$aVm Ago H$moUrVar {dMmacogwÕm ! Ë`mda lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""Aao gJio H$mhr Amnë`m _ZmZo, Amnë`mgmR>rM H$am`Mo ZgVo. S>moù`m§Mo Am°naoeZ Z H$aVmhr _cm amhm`cm AmdS>co AgVo. nU Amnë`mda OrdmnmS> ào_ H$aUmè`m§À`m BÀN>oMmhr _mZ R>odmdm cmJVmo.'' Aem OrdmnmS> ào_ H$aUmè`m Am{U OnUmè`m AmR>-Xhm _mUgm§Zm gmo~V KoD$Z lr_hmamO A_o[aHo$Vrc pŠcìhc±S> `oWo 22-23 {Xdg am{hco hmoVo. gmo~V lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~, do._y.lr.gào JwéOr, S>m°.AÀ`wV Omoer, lr.~§SyeoQ> OmYd Aer _§S>ir hmoVr. {edm` gm¡._mcyVmB© dmcmdcH$a, gm¡.OmYd Aem H$mhr ^{JZrhr hmoË`m. hr A_o[aH$mdmar AZoH$ Ñï>rZo g§ñ_aUr` Pmcr. eñÌ{H«$`m ì`dpñWV PmcrM. {edm` lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m Acm¡{H$H$ gm_Ï`m©À`m AZoH$ IwUm VoWo XmI{dë`m. lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~ gm§JV AgV H$s, `m dmar_mJo lr_hmamOm§Mm CÔoe Ho$di d¡ÚH$s` CnMma EdT>mM Zgmdm. lr_hmamO pŠcìhc±S> gmoSy>Z H$moR>ohr Joco ZìhVo; na§Vw Ë`m§Zr A_o[aH$Z amï´>mÜ`jm§Mr ^oQ> Pmë`mMo gm§{JVco. dm°qe½Q>Z ehamMo Am{U AÜ`j aoJZ `m§Mo dU©Z AJXr g{dñVanUo Ho$co. `mnojm A{YH$ _m{hVr _mÌ {Xcr Zmhr. lr_hmamO Amnë`m Zoh_rÀ`m doe^yfoV VoWo dmdaco; na§Vw Varhr Ë`m§À`m ì`{º$_ÎdmÀ`m à^mdm_wio g§nH$m©V Amcoco gmao OU Ë`m§À`mH$S>o nmhmVmZm {deof {d^yVr Agë`mMo OmUdyZ Ë`m§Zm A{^dmXZ H$arV. AJXr Q>°Šgrdmë`mgmaIm gd©gm_mÝ` _mUyg Ë`m§Zm "g|Q>'(g§V) åhUyZM A{^dmXZ H$ar. A_o[aHo$Vrc dmñVì`mVhr lr_hmamO H$YrH$Yr g§VmnV. _mÌ Aem doir lr.gào JwéOr Amnë`m KZJ§^ra AmdmOmV _§ÌnR>U gwê$ H$arV Am{U lr_hmamO em§V hmoV AgV. lr_Vr _mcyVmB© dmcmdcH$am§Zr `m A_o[aH$mdmarVrc EH$m JyT> AZw^dm{df`rMr AmR>dU gm§{JVcr Amho. Iyn nydu EH$Xm _mcyVmBªZm EH$ ñdßZ nS>co hmoVo. Vo ñdßZhr JyT>M hmoVo. S>m|~mè`mMm Ioi Mmcy Amho. S>m|~mè`mMr _wcJr Vmaoda H$gaV H$arV Amho. ^modVr O_coë`m JXuV dmcmdcH$agmho~ Am{U lr_hmamO C^o {ddoHo$ nmhVm.. / 239

AmhoV. Vr S>m|~mè`mMr _wcJr Xwgar {Vgar H$moUr ZgyZ IwÔ _mcyVmB©M AmhoV. lr_hmamOm§Zm Am{U gmho~m§Zm nmhÿZ, Ioi Q>mHy$Z _mcyVmB© Ë`m§À`mH$S>o YmdV `oVmV, Va ho XmoKo AmoiI Z XmIdVm {ZKyZ OmVmV. _mcyVmB© _J {Zame _Z:pñWVrV Odi EH$ YaUmMm _moR>m Ocme` AgVmo VoWo Ord XoÊ`mgmR>r YmdV OmVmV. ho ñdßZ lr_hmamOm§Zm gm§JyZ _mcyVmBªZr Ë`mMm AW© {dMmacm hmoVm; na§Vw Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§Zr \$º$ pñ_V hmñ` H$ê$Z Vmo {df` Q>micm hmoVm. `m A_o[aH$mdmarÀ`m doir EH$m {R>H$mUr JmS>rVyZ OmVmZm ñdßZmV {Xgcm VgmM Ocme` Am{U VgoM ñWmZ nmhÿZ ho AmnU nydu H$YrVar nm{hco Amho Ago {dMma Ë`m§À`m _ZmV `oD$ cmJco. Ë`m AmR>{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arV AgVmZm lr_hmamOm§Zr _mJo diyZ {dMmaco, ""H$m` J _mcy, AmoiIcog ?'' Voìhm _mcyVmBªZm Vo ñdßZ c»InUo AmR>dco. IwÔ dmcmdcH$agmho~m§Zm `m dmarÀ`m doir lr_hmamOm§À`m Agr_ gm_Ï`m©Mm àË`` EH$m {dcjU KQ>ZoZo Amcm. AWm©VM ho ^m½` gmho~m§Zm Ë`m§À`m lr_hmamOm§darc nyU© lÕo_wio, nyU© {dûdmgm_wio, g§XohmVrV d¥Îmr_wio cm^co hmoVo. EH$ {Xdg gmho~m§Zm Amnë`m H$mhr VmVS>rÀ`m H$m_mgmR>r _w§~B©cm naV `oUo Amdí`H$ hmoVo åhUyZ Vo Zoh_rÀ`m nÕVrà_mUo lr_hmamOm§H$S>o {ZamonmMm àgmX KoÊ`mgmR>r Joco. na§Vw lr_hmamO {Zamon XoÊ`mEodOr ~mocVM ~gco. lr_hmamO gd©k. {d_mZmMr doi Pmcr Amho ho Ë`m§Zm H$go gm§JUma ? amhmÊ`mÀ`m {R>H$mUmhÿZ pŠcìhc±S>Mm {d_mZVi 8-10 _¡c Xya hmoVm. VoWyZ {d_mZ nH$Sy>Z Ý`y`m°H©$cm Om`Mo Am{U VoWyZ Xwgè`m {d_mZmZo _w§~B©cm Om`Mo. pŠcìhc±S>Mo {d_mZ MwH$co AgVo Va nwT>Mo {d_mZhr MwH$co AgVo Am{U doioda Z nmohmoMë`m_wio _w§~B©V _moR>o ZwH$gmZ gmogmdo cmJco AgVo. nU ho _hmamOm§Zm gm§JÊ`mMo Y¡`© H$moUmOdihr ZìhVo. eodQ>r lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Amcoco lr.gw.J.eodS>o {d_mZVimda nwT>o Joco Am{U Ë`m§Zr ~mo{S>ªJ nmg KoD$Z R>odcm. BH$S>o lr_hmamOm§Zr AIoarg gmho~m§Zm {Zamon {Xcm Am{U _J gmho~ VmVS>rZo {d_mZVimda Amco. {d_mZ VrZ dmOVm gwQ>Uma hmoVo. gmho~ {d_mZVimda nmohmoMco Voìhm VrZ dmOyZ drg {_{ZQ>o Pmcr hmoVr. {VH$sQ> H$mC§Q>a ~§X Pmcm hmoVm. {d_mZmMo XadmOo ~§X Pmco hmoVo. EH$Xm XadmOo ~§X Pmë`mda nwÝhm H$moUmgmR>r Vo CKS>co OmV ZmhrV. lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~m§Zr Ë`m H$mC§Q>adarc A{YH$mè`mcm WmoS>Š`mV Amncr h{H$H$V gm§JyZ {d_mZmMo CÈ>mU Wm§~dyZ YaÊ`mg gm§{JVco Am{U gX²>Jwê§$darc AT>i {Zð>oMm {dO` Pmcm. {d_mZmMo XadmOo CKSy>Z gmho~m§Zm AmV KoÊ`mV Amco Am{U _JM {d_mZ gwQ>co. ""V`mMo gÎmoZo Ioio {dœ gmaoŸ&'' `mMm nS>Vmim `oD$Z gmho~m§Zr _ZmVë`m _ZmV lr_hmamOm§Zm gmï>m§J à{UnmV Ho$cm. Ho$di ^º$m§À`m BÀN>ocm _mZ XoD$Z lr_hmamO A_o[aHo$cm OmD$Z Amco Iao; na§Vw Ë`m§Zr AmVm XohË`mJmMm {dMma Amnë`m _Zmer n¸$m Ho$cm Agmdm. AmnUM {Z{_©coë`m `m ngmè`mVyZ hcHo$M 240 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

AmnUmcm _moH$io H$ê$Z KoUo Ë`m§Zr gwê$ Ho$co hmoVo. àH¥$Vr {Xdg|{Xdg jrU hmoV hmoVr. ImUo-{nUo H$_r Ho$co hmoVo. gdm©V H$R>rU Jmoï> hmoVr Vr Amnë`m {à` ^º$JUm§À`m _m`mnmemVyZ _wº$ hmoUo. lr_hmamOm§Zr aº$mÀ`m ZmË`mMm JmoVmdim Amnë`m^modVr H$YrM dmJdcm ZìhVm; na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Mm {eî` n[adma hoM Ë`m§Mo Iao Amá-gwöX hmoVo. lr.a_oe noR>o ho nwÊ`mVrc ^º$ EH$Xm lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Amco hmoVo. Ë`m doir lr_hmamO Ë`m§À`m JmdmhÿZ Amcoë`m EH$m OdiÀ`m ZmVodmBH$mer ~mocV hmoVo åhUyZ noR>o VoWo Wm§~Ê`mgmR>r WmoS>o {~MHy$ cmJco; nU _hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm VoWoM ~mH$mda ~gdyZ KoVco. Vo ZmVodmB©H$ J¥hñW Joë`mda lr_hmamO noR>|Zm Odi ~mocmdyZ åhUmco, ""Aao, ho H$gco _mPo ZmVodmB©H$ ? _mPo Iao ZmVodmB©H$, {Odm^mdmMo ñZohr åhUOo VwåhrM gmao OU AmhmV !'' lr_hmamOm§Mo ho ~mocUo EoHy$Z a_oeamdm§Zm Ajae: J{hdê$Z Amco. `m AIoaÀ`m ndm©V _mÌ lr_hmamOm§Zr Amncm cmoH$g§nH©$ OmUrdnyd©H$ H$_r H$arV AmUcm. lr_hmamOm§Zm ^oQ>m`cm Zoh_rM _mUgm§Mr arK cmJcocr Ago. Ë`m_Ü`o g_mOmVrc gd© ñVamVrc gd© àH$maMo cmoH$ AgV. H$moUr Ho$di Xe©ZmgmR>r Vi_irZo Amcocm Ago, H$moUr Amncr àmn§{MH$ Xw:Io _hmamOm§Zm gm§JyZ H$mhr Var _mJ©Xe©Z {_imdo åhUyZ Amcocm Ago, H$moUr H$mhr _XV {_imdr åhUyZ Amcocm Ago. gmd©O{ZH$ joÌmV dmdaUmar AZoH$ _mUgo H$Yr ñdmW©, H$Yr na_mW© gmYÊ`mgmR>r lr_hmamOm§H$S>o `oV AgV. Á`mÀ`mË`mÀ`m `mo½`Voà_mUo ~hþVoH$ gmao OU g§Vwï> hmoD$ZM ~mhoa nS>V AgV; na§Vw AmVm lr_hmamOM {ZJ«hmZo `m ^oQ>rJmR>r Q>miy cmJco. A{YH$m{YH$ doi EH$m§VdmgmV Kmcdy cmJco. AZoH$m§Zm Vo Amnë`mcm ñ_¥{V^«§e Pmcm Amho Ago ^mgdyZ Xya R>ody cmJco. hiyhiy lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnco OodU H$_r H$arV AmUco. H$Yr M_À`mZo ñdV: Mma Kmg ImV; H$Yr _mYdamd H$mOaoH$a JmoS>rJwcm~rZo ^adrV AgV. lr_hmamO ImocrVyZ \$mago ~mhoahr nS>V ZgV. gm`§H$mir _moQ>marV ~gdyZ AemoH$amd Ë`m§Zm WmoS>o ~mhoê$Z {\$adyZ AmUV. Ë`m doir nwÊ`mÀ`m {d_mZVimda hdmB© àmË`{jHo$ Mmcy hmoVr. "{_J 29' hr {d_mZo hdmB©XbmV ZwH$VrM Amcocr hmoVr. hr àmË`{jHo$ nmhmÊ`mV lr_hmamOm§Mo _Z a§JZy Om`Mo. åhUyZ ~è`mM doim Ë`m§Zm JmS>rVyZ {d_mZVimdaM Zoco Om`Mo. nU EH$ {Xdg lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""AmO H$mÌOcm OmD !'' åhUyZ gd© OU H$mÌOcm Amco. H$mÌOcm Joë`mda åhUmco, ""AOyZ nwT>o OmD$ `m, nmocmXnyan`ªV !'' åhUyZ gd©OU nmocmXnyacm Amco. VoWo Amë`mda åhUmco, ""AmVm S>oadUcm OmD$ `m !'' gmao OU amoOÀ`mà_mUo Ho$di A§JmdaÀ`m H$nS>çm§{Zer {ZKmco hmoV.o ~amo~a n¡gho r ZìhVo. lr_hmamO Ho$di AYu MÈ>r Am{U gXè`mda hmoV.o na§Vw Ë`m§À`m BÀN>ào _mUo JmS>r S>ao dUcm Amcr. Vmo {edO`§VrMm AmXcm {Xdg hmoVm. lr_hmamOm§À`m Vo nyUn© Uo cjmV hmoV.o "_mPo gmao ~miJmonmi VoWo O_co AgVrc' `m EH$m {dMmamZo Vem {dH$cm§J pñWVrV lr_hmamO S>ao dUcm XmIc Pmco. Amnë`m ^º$m§Zm ^oQ>c.o {ddoHo$ nmhVm.. / 241

CËgdmV AmZ§XmZo ZmMco. ^º$m§Zr XmoÝhr ~mO§Zy r AmYma {Xcm Amho, hmVmV H$mR>r Amho, Xoh OamOO©a Pmcm Amho Am{U Moham _mÌ AmZ§XmZo \w$ccocm Amho Ago Ë`m doiMo N>m`m{MÌ _moR>o ~mocHo$ Amho. XmoZVrZ {Xdg lr_hmamO S>ao dUcm Wm§~co hmoV.o Ë`m doir Vo åhUmco hmoVo H$s, ho ñWmZ _moR>o hmoUma Amho ! Vwåhr gmao ~miJmonmi `oWo AmZ§XmZo Ioimc ! _r _mÌ Voìhm ZgoZ ! Vr lr_hmamOm§Mr eodQ>Mr S>oadU ^oQ> R>acr. d`mÀ`m ~mamì`m dfm©nmgyZ {edg¥ï>rMo ñdßZ Ë`m§Zr nm{hco hmoVo. AZoH$ g§H$Q>m§Zm Y¡`m©Zo Vm|S> XoV Vo gmH$ma Ho$co hmoVo. Ë`mgmR>r \$ma _moR>o _moc Ë`m§Zr {Xco hmoVo. "ho ñWmZ _moR>o hmoUma Amho' ho Ë`m§MoM eãX hmoVo. Ë`m_wio Vo gË`mV `oUmaM hmoVo Am{U Vo Vgo AmcogwÕm ! `m Aem ñWmZmMm AIoaMm {Zamon KoÊ`mgmR>r lr_hmamO Amco hmoVo. S>oadUhÿZ Amë`mda n§Yam {Xdgm§VM _mVmoltMo lmÕ M¡Ì ew && 7 `m {VWrcm hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m {Xder gào JwéOtZm gm§{JVco, ""JwéOr, AmVm BWo gJù`mcm ~m§Y Kmcm`Mm ! `mZ§Va H$mhr H$am`M§ Zmhr !'' lmÕ{dYr Pmcm Zmhr. Ë`m dfu Jwénm¡{U©_mgwÕm Pmcr Zmhr. lr_hmamOm§À`m jrU Pmcoë`m Vã`oVr{df`r H$ënZm Agcoco Am{U Zgcoco AZoH$ ^º$ Xe©Z KoÊ`mÀ`m BÀN>oZo _§{XamV Amco hmoVo. _mÌ {_{ZQ>-XmoZ {_{ZQ> Xe©Z KoÊ`mMrM _w^m gd© ^º$_§S>itZm {Xcocr hmoVr. gmaoM OU Xe©Z KoD$Z _yH$nUo H$mhr doi Wm§~yZ naVV hmoVo. lr~m~m§À`m O`§Vr CËgdmgmR>r Zoh_rà_mUo cmoH$ AmXë`m {XdgmnmgyZ O_m Pmco hmoVo. dmVmdaUmV Zoh_rMm Cëhmg AgUo eŠ` ZìhVo; na§Vw H$V©ì`^mdZoZo CËgd H$aUo Amdí`H$ hmoVo. gH$mir gdmªMr ñZmZo dJ¡ao Pmcr. Zm_ñ_aU Pmco Am{U _J AMmZH$ gd©Ì em§VVm ngacr. lr~m~m§À`m O`§Vr CËgdmÀ`m H$sV©Zmcm AmnU `oV AmhmV Zm ? Ago {dMmam`cm lr.gào JwéOr Joco Voìhm gwédmVrcm, ""hmo, `oVmo !'' Ago åhUmco. _J _mÌ CËgd H$moUr Ho$cm ? H$emgmR>r H$aVm` ? H$m` H$aVm` ? Ago ~mocy cmJco. _J CËgd H$aÊ`mgM nadmZJr ZmH$macr. gmao O_coco ^º$JU qMVmVwa _ZmZo Kar naVco. `oWyZ nwT>o _J gmaoM H$m`©H«$_ ~§X nS>co. {Xdg|{Xdg Vã`oV OmñV jrU hmoV hmoVr. gmè`m _§{Xa n[agamVrc M¡VÝ` hanco hmoVo. Am¡Xm{gÝ` ^ê$Z am{hco hmoVo. eodQ>Mo H$mhr _{hZo lr_hmamOm§Zr dñÌm§Mm g§nyU© Ë`mJ Ho$cm hmoVm. Ë`m dfu ({S>g|~a 1988 OmZodmar 1989) A{Ve` H$S>mŠ`mMr W§S>r nS>cr hmoVr. Vmn_mZ 4 Vo 5 {S>J«rn`ªV CVacoco hmoVo. na§Vw lr_hmamO Aem H$S>mŠ`mÀ`m W§S>rV amÌr PmonVmZmXoIrb A§Jmda nm§Kê$U KoV ZgV. lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~m§À`m gyMZoà_mUo Ë`m§À`m ImocrV {hQ>a ~g{dcm hmoVm. Vmo amÌr hiyM Mmcy Ho$cm Var Vo Vmo _J ~§X H$ê$Z Q>mH$m`Mo. H$mhrH$mhr doim A§WéUmMm Ë`mJ H$ê$Z W§S> \$aerda Pmoncoco AgV. VemM AdñWoV _§{XamV Am{U n[agamV Vo hiyhiy XmoZ-VrZ doim {\$ê$Z `oV. AÞ KoUo EdT>o H$_r Ho$co hmoVo H$s àH¥$Vr AJXrM jrU Pmcr hmoVr; na§Vw AmYmamgmR>r H$moUr hmV Yacocm MmcV 242 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Zgo. åhUyZ _J Ë`m§À`m XmoÝhr ~mOyZo AemoH$amd, _mYdamd, Iweram_ Ago H$moUrVar A{Ve` XjVoZo nU Ë`m§Zm ñne© Z H$aVm MmcV AgV. `m AIoaÀ`m {XdgmV EImÚm {Xder lr_hmamO gH$mir CR>ë`mCR>ë`m {dMmam`Mo, ""Aao ho H$m` ? AmO _cm emioV H$moUr AmUyZ R>odc§ ?'' qH$dm EImÚm {Xder åhUm`Mo, ""`m ZD$ Z§~aÀ`m dm°S>©_Ü`o _r EH$Q>mM H$gm ? ~mH$sMo noe§Q> Hw$R>o Joco ?'' _J gmam {Xdg Ë`mM {df`mda ~mocV amhm`Mo. EH$Xm ^mD$ H$mOaoH$am§Zm åhUmco, ""Vwåhr BH$S>o Hw$R>o ? gH$mir S>oadUcm Jocmo, Va VoWo Vwåhr OodU H$arV hmoVmV. AmÎmm `oWohr AmhmV. Vw_Mr XmoZXmoZ ê$n§ AmhoV H$s H$m` ?'' dada nmhVm EImÚmcm dmQ>oc H$s AIoaÀ`m H$mimV àH¥$Vr AñdmñÏ`m_wio lr_hmamOm§Zm "^«_' Pmcm hmoVm. na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Zr hm Omo Ioi _m§S>cm hmoVm Ë`mMm hoVy \$º$ Ë`m§ZmM _mhrV. aËZm{JarhÿZ Amcoë`m eaXamd H$moH$O§oZm lr_hmamOm§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Ho$di nmM {_{ZQ>o Ë`m§À`m ImocrV OmÊ`mMr nadmZJr {_imcr hmoVr. AmV OmVmM, "`o eaX' Ago åhUyZ ~gÊ`mMr IyU Ho$cr. Xhm {_{ZQ>o ~mocV hmoVo. "Ë`m doir Vo H$m` ~mocV hmoVo ho AmnUmcm C_Jco Zmhr, H$maU Vo _mÂ`m AmH$cZmncrH$S>Mo hmoVo, _mÌ OmVmZm AmdOy©Z _cm OodyZ OmÊ`mg gm§{JVco,' Ago eaXamd gm§JVmV. `mMmM AW© Agm H$s lr_hmamO _mZ{gH$ÑîQ>çm nyU©nUo gVH©$ hmoVo. EH$Xm AemoH$amd, _mYdamd Aem amoOÀ`m godoVrc {eî`m§Zm dmQ>co H$s lr_hmamOm§Zm e{º$dY©H$ B§OoŠeZ {Xco Va Ë`m§Zm WmoS>r eº$s `oB©c. ho gJio doS>çm _m`onmoQ>r Amcoco {dMma hmoVo. S>m°.AÀ`wV OmoetZm Vgo {dMmaë`mda Vo åhUmco, ""_hmamO H$m` åhUVmV Vo nmhÿ.'' lr_hmamOm§Zr hmoH$ma {Xcm åhUyZ Vgo EH$ B§OoŠeZ S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr {Xco. B§OoŠeZ XoD$Z Pmë`mda Vo H$m°Q>À`m AJXr H$S>oda OmD$Z ~gco. AY} eara H$m°Q>da Va AY} H$m°Q>À`m ~mhoa ! Am¡fYmMm n[aUm_ OmB©n`ªV gVV AÇ>oMmirg Vmg Vo VgoM ~gyZ hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm Pmon cmJcr Va Vo Imcr nS>Vrc `m ^rVrZo AemoH$amd Am{U _mYdamd AmirnmirZo AÇ>oMmirg Vmg XjVoZo ~mOycm C^o hmoVo. _mÌ nwÝhm H$moUr B§OoŠeZMm AmJ«h Ë`m§Zm Ho$cm Zmhr. AJXr AIoaÀ`m {XdgmV _m§S>rÀ`m hmS>mcm EH$ Ho$gmgmaIr ~marH$ Mra (Hair crack) Jocr hmoVr. Ë`m§Zm Ë`m_wio C^o amhmVm `oUo eŠ` ZìhVo. nm` BH$Sy>Z {VH$S>o hc{dVm `oV Zgo. Vem AdñWoV Vo AmR>-AmR> Vmg nSy>Z AgV. na§Vw emar[aH$ doXZm§Mm _mJ_yghr _wImda H$Yr àH$Q> hmoV Zgo. gd© {eî` godoH$è`m§Zr ñdV:À`m d{S>cm§Mr H$amdr Ver qH$dm Ë`mhÿZhr A{YH$ ào_mZo godm Ho$cr. H$mhr doim {d{jánUo dmJyZ Amnë`m {eî`m§Mr Ë`m§Zr narjmhr KoVcr; na§Vw eŠ`Vmo H$moUmcm Amnë`m_wio VgXr Úm`Mr Zmhr Agm lr_hmamOm§Mm H$Q>mj Ago. {X. 11 _o 1989 amoOr Jwénwî`m_¥V `moJmda lr.~mimgmho~ H$mOaoH$am§Zr EH$ nwîH$amO IS>çmMr A§JR>r Amnco ~§Yy lr._mYdamd `m§Zm ^oQ> {Xcr. lr._mYdamdm§Zr Ë`mM {Xder _§{XamV Ë`m A§JR>rda {ddoHo$ nmhVm.. / 243

nd_mZmMm A{^foH$ H$adyZ KoVcm d Vr lr_hmamOm§À`m hmVmV R>odcr. Ë`m§Zr A§JR>r{df`r "H$moUr AmUcr' dJ¡ao Mm¡H$er Ho$cr, ZrQ> Ý`mhmiyZ nm{hcr Am{U ñdV:À`m COì`m hmVmÀ`m ~moQ>mV KmcyZ ""~Km H$er {XgVo ?'' åhUV gdmªZm XmI{dcr. Vr Z§Va AIoan`ªV Ë`m§À`mM hmVmV hmoVr. _hm{Zdm©Umnydu H$mhr {Xdg Ë`m§Zr XodmÀ`m ImocrVrc H$mc^¡admMr Vg~ra H$mTy>Z KoVcr. nS>Úmda ^aVH$m_ Ho$cocr JUoe à{V_m hmoVr. Ë`m JUnVrer Vo ~mocV AgV. Vmo nS>Xm H$mTy>Z R>odcm. ~mhoa IwMuda ~gyZ Vo ^º$m§Zm Xe©Z XoV Ë`m IwMuda ~gUo gmoSy>Z {Xco. ""_r _m§S>cocm Ioi _rM Amdê$Z R>odVmo. AemoH$cm Ìmg ZH$mo. Ë`mcm hdo Agoc Vgo Vmo H$arc. nU _r Ho$co åhUyZ Ë`mZohr VgoM Ho$co nm{hOo, Ago hmoD$ Z`o,'' Ago Vo åhUmco. Ë`mZ§Va Vo Á`m ImocrV PmonV AgV Ë`m Imocrcm ~mhoê$Z VrZ àX{jUm H$aÊ`mMr BÀN>m Ë`m§Zr ì`º$ Ho$cr. Ë`m§Zr XmoZ àX{jUm nyU© Ho$ë`m. {Vgè`m àX{jUoÀ`m doir \$maM Vmoc OmD$ cmJcm åhUyZ AmYma KoD$Z Vr \o$ar nyU© Ho$cr. Ë`mZ§Va lr_hmamO Vr Imocr gmoSy>Z ~mhoa Amco ZmhrV. hiyhiy Vã`oV OmñV Imcmdy cmJcr. gwYmaÊ`mMr cjUo {XgoZmV. JmdmoJmdrÀ`m ^º$m§Zm {Zamon Joco. ^º$_§S>ir Jmoim Pmcr. Mma {Xdgm§nydu lr_hmamOm§ZrM ñdV: gm§{JVco hmoVo, ""Vwåhm ^º$_§S>itgmR>r AmOda ~aoM doim _mJo nwT>o Ho$co. ~m~m, AmVm _cm Amkm Úm. `m XohmV amhm`cm _r AmVm V`ma Zmhr. _r hm Xoh gmoS>Uma ho Z¸$s !'' Ë`m_wio lr~m~m§À`m _§{Xamda Xw:ImMo gmdQ> nS>co hmoVo. _§{XamV O_coco gmao OU gmlwZ`Zm§Zr ~m~m§ZmM gmH$S>o KmcV hmoVo. Ë`mVrc ì`W©Vm Ë`m§Zm g_OV hmoVr; Varhr doS>çm AmeoZo ZH$iV hmV OmoS>co OmV hmoVo. S>moio H$moaS>o H$aÊ`mMo {Zî\$i à`ËZ Mmcy hmoVo. S>m°.lrnmX ~mUmdcr Am{U S>m°.gwYra Omoer Amnco gd© d¡ÚH$r` H$m¡eë` nUmcm cmdyZ CnMmam§Mr eW© H$arV hmoVo. AmUIrhr H$mhr S>m°ŠQ>g© Ë`m§À`m gmhmæ`mcm hmoVo. a{ddma, {X. 21 _o 1989Mm {Xdg qMVoZo PmH$moiyZ Jocm hmoVm. Joë`m Mmodrg VmgmV lr_hmamOm§À`m nc§Jm^modVr S>moù`mV àmU AmUyZ OmJV Agcocr _§S>ir KmoQ>^a MhmgmR>rgwÕm OmJm gmoS>V ZìhVr. O_coco ^º$ BWo {VWo C^o amhÿZ _yH$nUo Zm_ñ_aU H$arV hmoVo. dma§dma ~m~m§Mr {dZdUr H$arV hmoVo. na§Vw H$moR>o AmeoMm {H$aU {XgV ZìhVm. Xwnmar H$YrVar "_hmamO' Aer S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr Ë`m§À`m H$mZmer Vm|S> ZoD$Z hcH$s gmX KmVcr Am{U lr_hmamOm§Zr hcHo$M nmnÊ`m§Mr CKS>Pmn H$ê$Z Ë`mcm à{VgmX {Xcm. gdmªÀ`m _Zmdarc VmU H$_r Pmcm. "AmVm Amam_ {_ioc' `m S>m°ŠQ>am§À`m eãXm§Zr gdmªZmM {Xcmgm {_imcm. VmUcoco Mohao g¡cmdco. H$moUrVar åhUmco, "KmoQ>KmoQ> Mhm KoD$ `m !' S>m°ŠQ>am§Zmhr MhmMr JaO hmoVr. åhUyZ Ë`m§À`mgh cmoH$ Mhm {nÊ`mgmR>r Imocr ~mhoa Joco. Mhm {nD$Z S>m°ŠQ>a naV Amco. Ë`m§Zr nwÝhm Vnmgm`cm gwédmV Ho$cr Am{U EH$X_ Vo {ZameoZo 244 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

åhUmco, ""g§nc§ gma§ !'' AmeoMm C§M Jococm PmoH$m AMmZH$ Imcr `oD$Z AmXicm. gmao OU ñV§{^V Pmco. "g§nc§ gma§' `m AZno{jVnUo Amcoë`m eãXm§Zr jU^a g§doXZm ~Yra Pmë`m. nU lr_hmamO AmVm XohYmar ZmhrV `m H$Qy> dmñVdmMr OmUrd hmoVmM ^º$m§_Ü`o hþ§XH$m \w$Q>cm, S>moù`m§VyZ KiKim Aly dmhÿ cmJco. H$moUr _wº$nUo aSy>Z Amnco Xw:I _moH$io Ho$co Va H$moUmcm aS>Ê`mMohr ^mZ am{hco Zmhr. "_r Ho$ìhm OmB©Z Vwåhmcm H$iUma Zmhr' Ago lr_hmamO EH$Xm åhUmco hmoVo. Vo eãX Ë`m§Zr Iao Ho$co. _mUgm§À`m JamS>çmV gX¡d a_coco lr_hmamO, eodQ>rhr _mUgm§À`m JamS>çmV hmoVo; na§Vw Vo AZmXr AZ§V gX²Jwê$ ñdê$nr {dcrZ Pmco Vmo Zo_H$m jU Ë`m§Zr gdmªZm Amnë`m _m`oZo MH$dyZ EH$Q>çmZoM AZw^dcm. d¡emI dŸ&& à{VnXm, eH$ 1911; a{ddma, {X. 21 _o 1989 `m {Xder Xwnmar AX_mgo XmoZ dmOyZ nÞmg {_{ZQ>m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Mr àmUÁ`moVr ~«÷ñdê$nmV {dcrZ Pmcr. ^a Xwnmar EH$m M¡VÝ`gy`m©Mm AñV Omhcm ! D D D

A^§J ^{º$M| _{h_mZ OmUo hZw_mZŸ& am_^º$ nyU© {Ma§OrdŸ&&

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am_ê$nr {ZË` amhr Omo a§JmoZŸ& Zmht Xoh^md O`mbmJrŸ&&

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{ddoHo$ nmhVm.. / 245

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Ë`mMm docy Jocm JJZmdar && Amnë`m Am¡Üd©Xo{hH$ g§ñH$mam{df`r lr_hmamOm§Zr nyduM H$mhr doim àË`j-AàË`jnUo g§Ho$V {Xcoco hmoVo. Amnë`m nm{W©dmda A{¾g§ñH$ma H$aÊ`mV `mdoV Am{U Vo JwéH¥$nm B_maVrg_moa Agcoë`m nmÊ`mÀ`m hm¡XmÀ`m OmJr {~ëdd¥jm§À`m N>m`oV ìhmdoV Ago lr_hmamO lr.AemoH$amdm§Odi nydu ~mocco hmoVo. ""~ocmÀ`m PmS>mImcr Kw_Q>rV amhmUma'' Agm gyMH$ C„oI Ë`m§Zr H$mhr ^º$m§Odi Ho$cm hmoVm. lr_hmamOm§À`m BÀN>oà_mUo VoWoM A§Ë`g§ñH$ma H$aUo Amdí`H$ hmoVo. na§Vw _§{XamMm n[aga hm ^adñVrV Amho Am{U ImgJr OmJoV A§Ë`g§ñH$ma H$am`Mo Agë`m_wio Ë`mgmR>r gaH$mar nadmZJr H$mT>Uo AË`mdí`H$ hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Mo ^mMo ZmZm ^mdo `m§Mo OmdB© Eg.S>r.Omoer ho Am`.E.Eg. A{YH$mar hmoVo. Ë`m doir Vo Am¡a§Jm~mX `oWo {Oëhm{YH$mar hmoVo. lr.AemoH$amdm§Zr Ë`m§Zm \$moZ H$ê$Z lr_hmamOm§À`m _hm{Zdm©UmMo d¥Îm gm§{JVco Am{U _§{XamÀ`m OmJoV A§Ë`g§ñH$mamgmR>r nadmZJr {_iÊ`mgmR>r nwÊ`mÀ`m nmocrg H${_eZaZm Ë`m§Zr {dZ§Vr Ho$ë`mg H$m_ gwc^nUo hmoB©c Ago gwM{dco. Ë`m§Zr Ë`mà_mUo nmocrg H${_eZam§er ~mocÊ`mMo _mÝ` Ho$co Am{U nwÊ`mVrc _§S>itZr àË`j Ë`m§Zm ^oQ>mdo Ago gwM{dco. lr.AemoH$amd, lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~, ~mOramd {Q>Ho$H$a, ~mUmdcr, A°{S>eZc Mr\$ goH«o$Q>ar lr.\$mVn}H$agmho~ Aer gd© _§S>ir gm`§H$mir ghm-gmS>oghmÀ`m gw_mamg BZ-MmO© nmocrg H${_eZa lr.E.E_.am° ` `m§ À `mH$S> o Jo c o . Ë`m§ Z r gd© _§ S > i tMo åhUUo AmñWo d mBH$nUo Eo H y $ Z Ko V co . lr.Eg.S>r.OmoetMm \$moZ Ë`m§Zm Amcm hmoVmM. lr.am°` `m§Zr EH$ arVga coIr AO© XoÊ`mg gm§{JVco. Ë`mà_mUo cJoMM VoWo AO© {chÿZ XoÊ`mV Amcm. Vmo ñdrH$mê$Z lr.am°` åhUmco H$s AmO a{ddma Amho, Voìhm _mPr coIr Am°S>©a Vwåhmcm CÚm {_ioc, _mÌ Vwåhr A§Ë`g§ñH$ma H$aÊ`mg H$moUVrhr haH$V Zmhr. lr.am°` `m§Mm Am°S>©cu Ë`m doir Jocoë`m cmoH$m§Zm åhUmcm H$s, gmho~ gm`§H$mir nmM dmOë`mnmgyZ ~mhoa {ZKmcoco hmoVo. _mÌ Vo Om`cm {ZKV Am{U nwÝhm AmV `oD$Z ~gV, Ago VrZ-Mma doim Pmco. Vo ~hþYm Vw_MrM dmQ> nmhmV Wm§~co hmoVo. amÌr AmR> dmOVm EH$ g~-BÝñnoŠQ>a S>o¸$Z {O_ImZm nmocrg ñQ>oeZ_YyZ `oD$Z nmhmUr H$ê$Z Jocm Am{U ZD$ dmOVm nmocrg H${_eZaÀ`m ghrMo nadmZJrnÌhr {_imco. lr_hmamOm§Mm Xoh ^º$m§Zr {ZdmgñWmZmVrc Ë`m§À`m ImocrVyZ Amnë`m Im§Úmdê$Z ~mhoa AmUcm. lrgX²>Jwê$ ~m~m _hmamOm§À`m _§{Xamcm EH$ àX{jUm KmcyZ _hm`mÌm A§Ë`g§ñH$mamÀ`m {Z`mo{OV 246 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

OmJoH$S>o g§W JVrZo {ZKmcr. dmaH$ar _§S>ir {Zdm©UmMo A^§J J§^ranUo åhUV hmoVr. Q>mi-_¥X§J dmOV hmoVo. emoH$mHy$c ^º$ éÕ H§$R>mZo Am{U nmUmdcoë`m S>moù`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm AIoaMm {Zamon XoV hmoVo. M§XZ, ~oc, H$mnya Any©Z _§ÌKmofmV lr_hmamOm§Mo nwVUo lr.dm_Zamd Omoer `m§Zr {MVog A{¾ñne© H$a{dcm. _§Jidma, {X. 23 _o 1989 amoOr gH$mir lr_hmamOm§À`m nm{W©dmMr ajm Jmoim H$aÊ`mg àma§^ Pmcm. Ë`m_Ü`o lr_hmamOm§À`m hmVmVrc A§JR>r OerÀ`m Ver Z {dVicocr, Z dmH$cocr Am{U IS>çmgh AJXr gwpñWVrV {_imcr. Am{U lr_hmamOm§À`m gm_Ï`m©Mr gmjM nQ>cr. lr_hmamOm§Zr Xoh R>odcm Ë`m doir _mJrb àH$aUmV C„oI Ho$bobr _mYdamd H$mOaoH$a `m§Mr Vr nwîH$amO IS>çmMr A§JR>r Ë`m§À`m hmVmVM hmoVr. lrH$mH$m _hmamOm§Zr Ë`m A§JR>rMo _mhmËå` OmUyZ lr._mYdamd `m§Zm Vr lr_hmamOm§Mm àgmX åhUyZ {Xcr. AmOhr lr._mYdamd ^{º$^mdmZo Vr A§JR>r gX¡d ñdV:Odi R>odVmV. gmnS>coë`m gd© AñWtda H$ñVwar Am{U Ho$ea `m§Mo conZ H$aÊ`mV Amco Am{U {d{Ynyd©H$ emómoº$ g§ñH$ma H$aÊ`mV Amco. ho g§ñH$ma Ho$di ê$T> cmoH$mMma `m ^mdZoZo H$aÊ`mV Amco hmoVo. AÝ`Wm Á`m§À`m MaUYycrZo gd© MamMamcm ewÕVm àmá hmoVo Ë`m lr_hmamOm§gma»`m B©œar {d^yVtÀ`m AñWtda Vwåhr-Amåhr H$gco ewÕrH$aU g§ñH$ma H$aUma ? VrZ H$cem§_Ü`o Vimer Km|JS>rMm VwH$S>m R>odyZ Ë`mda Ë`m AñWr R>odÊ`mV Amë`m. Cd©[aV ajm Ë`m {Xder _§{XamV hOa Agcoco {eî`-^º$JU lr.dmcmdcH$a, lr.AemoH$amd, do._y.gào JwéOr, H$mOaoH$a ~§Yy, lr.A_moc H$m|S>H$a, lr.~§Sy>eoQ> OmYd, lr. í`m_amd {Q>Ho$H$a, lr.~mOramd {Q>Ho$H$a, lr.dm_Zamd Omoer Am{U lr_hmamOm§Mr AÝ` ZmVodmB©H$ _§S>ir `m§Zr lrjoÌ Ami§Xr `oWo OmD$Z VoWo B§Ðm`UrÀ`m VrW©OcmV OS> A§V:H$aUmZo {dg{O©V Ho$cr. Mm¡Ï`m {XdgmnmgyZ lr.dm_Zamd Omoer `m§À`m hñVo Ym{_©H$ {dYr gwê$ Pmco. 936 Z§~aÀ`m ßcm°Q>_Ü`o H$mhr ~¡R>çm Mmir hmoË`m, Ë`mVrc CÎmaoH$S>rc MmirÀ`m EH$m ImocrV ho {dYr H$aÊ`mV Amco. lr_hmamOm§À`m nm{W©dmda OoWo A§Ë`g§ñH$ma H$aÊ`mV Amco, Ë`m ^y_rda EH$ VmËnwaVm Mm¡Wam ~m§YÊ`mV Amcm; OoUoH$ê$Z Ë`m n{dÌ ^y_rda cmoH$m§Mr dX©i hmoD$ Z`o. g_m{YñWmZ VoWoM C^mamd`mMo {Z{üV Pmco hmoVo. Xe_ {XZr qnS>XmZ, {VcmoXH$ dJ¡ao {dYtgmR>r gd©M ^º$m§Zm nÌmZo ~mocmdUo nmohmoMco hmoVo. ~hþVoH$ gd© OU CnpñWV hmoVo. gH$mir _§{XamVrc gd© _§S>ir EH$Ì O_cr Am{U Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§À`m AmR>dUr H$mhr OUm§Zr gm§{JVë`m. Ë`mZ§Va qnS>XmZ {dYr Pmcm Am{U CnpñWV ^º$_§S>itZr {VcmoXH$ {Xco. do._y.cú_Uamd gào JwéOtZr gd© {dYtMo nm¡amo{hË` Ho$co. gZ 1953 nmgyZ gào JwéOtZr AmMm`©, nwamo{hV Am{U AZwJ«{hV {eî` åhUyZ A{Ve` Aì`{^Mmar {Zð>oZo Ë`mMm doby Jobm.. / 247

lr_hmamOm§Mr gX¡d gmW Ho$cr hmoVr. `m gd© H$mimV AZoH$ cmoH$ Amco, H$mhr lr_hmamOm§nmgyZ Xya Joco; na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Zm AI§S> gmo~V H$aUmè`m _moOŠ`m cmoH$m§_Ü`o EH$ gào JwéOr hmoVo. Ë`m {Xder nwÊ`mVrc VrZeo ~«m÷Um§Zm g_m{Y_§{XamV ~mocmdyZ àË`oH$s VrZeo én`o X{jUm XoÊ`mV Amcr. lr_hmamOm§Mm àgmX åhUyZ Amcoë`m gd© pñÌ`m§Zm gmS>çm Am{U nwéfm§Zm gwVr emcr qH$dm CnaUr qH$dm A§JaIo Aer dñÌo XoÊ`mV Amcr. Voamì`m {Xder àgmXmMo ^moOZ H$ê$Z gd© _§S>ir naVcr. lr_hmamOm§Zr C^macoë`m Ë`m§À`m gX²>Jwê§$À`m ñWmZmMr C{MV Aer ì`dñWm cmdÊ`mMo CÎmaXm{`Ëd Ë`m§À`m {eî`m§daM hmoVo. Ë`mà_mUo {dMma{d{Z_` hmoD$Z Ë`m H$m_mcm àma§^ Pmcm. lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamImcrc ßcm°Q>Mo ZdrZ crO lr.dmcmdcH$a Am{U lr.d._.{Q>Ho$H$a `m§À`m ZmdmZo gm¡.{Z_©cmVmB© Iao `m§Zr H$ê$Z {Xco. lr_hmamOm§À`m d¡`{º$H$ _mcH$sMr OmJm Ë`m§À`m dmagXmam§H$Sy>Z crOda KoÊ`mV Amcr. Xaå`mZ lr.AemoH$H$mH$m g_m{Y_§{XamMr ì`dñWm nyd©dV nmhÿ cmJco. lr_hmamOm§À`m g_m{YñWmZr Mm¡Wam ~m§Ycm hmoVm. Ë`mda nÍ`mMo g§ajH$ AmdaU H$ê$Z VoWo lr_hmamOm§Mo ^ì` V¡c{MÌ _moR>çm cmH$S>r \«o$__Ü`o ~gdyZ ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mV Amco. Ë`mcm Mhþ~mOy§Zr _I_cr nS>Xo cmdyZ Vo gwemo{^V H$aÊ`mV Amco. lr_hmamOm§À`m g_mYrMo àma§^rMo ê$n Ago hmoVo. nwT>o _§Jidma, {X. 1 _o 1990 amoOr gm§Jcr `oWrc Wmoa g§V lrXmgam_ _hmamO VWm lram_am` Ho$iH$a _hmamO `m§À`m ew^hñVo ^y{_nyOZ hmoD$Z Ë`m OmJr AmO {XgV Agcoco gw§Xa _§{Xa C^maÊ`mV Amco. _mK ew && 5 eH$ 1912; gmo_dma, {X. 21 OmZodmar 1991 amoOr `m g_m{Y_§{XamMr {d{YdV dmñVwem§Vr hmoD$Z "lt'À`m _yVuMr à{Vð>mnZm d nmXwH$m§Mm àmUà{Vð>m {dYr g§nÞ Pmcm. lr_hmamOm§À`m AñWtMo Oo VrZ H$ce H$aÊ`mV Amco hmoVo, Ë`mVrc EH$ lr.dmcmdcH$a `m§À`m Kar, XmXa, _w§~B© `oWo, Mag_mYrÀ`m ê$nmZo ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mV Amcm. Xwgam aËZm{Jarcm lr.dm_Zamd Omoer `m§À`m Kar {ZË`nyOoV R>odÊ`mV Amcm Am{U {Vgam H$ce nwÊ`mVrc `m g_m{YñWmZmda ZyVZ _§{XamV ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mV Amcm. Ë`m H$cemda lr_hmamOm§À`m nmXwH$m§Mr {d{Ynyd©H$ àmUà{Vð>m d n§MYmVyÀ`m nyUm©H$ma _yVuMr à{Vð>mnZm H$aÊ`mV Amcr. hr _yVu _w§~B©À`m lr.~«÷mZ§X dmK `m§À`m Mm¡nmQ>r `oWrc _y{V©emcoV V`ma H$aÊ`mV Amcr. _yVuda ZjrXma cmH$S>r _oKS>§~ar C^maÊ`mV Amcr hmoVr. AmVm éß`mMr _oKS>§~ar _§{XamMr emo^m d¥qÕJV H$arV Amho. _§{XamV g_moamg_moarc q^Vt_Ü`o XmoZ H$nmQ>mV lr_hmamO dmnarV Agcoë`m dñVy OVZ H$ê$Z R>odcoë`m AmhoV. _§{XamgÝ_wI Agcoë`m Am¡Xw§~a d¥jmÀ`m Vir, EH$m chmZem Kw_Q>rV lrXodr ^JdVr, lrJOmZZ, lrXÎmmÌo` Am{U lrXmg _méVr `m§À`m _yVvMr ñWmnZm Ho$cocr Amho. _§{XamÀ`m COì`m A§Jmcm g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m ZmdmMr àdoe H$_mZ Amho. _§{Xa Am§~m, Aí_§VH$, 248 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

~oc Aem d¥jm§À`m N>m`o_Ü`o C^o Amho. _§{XamÀ`m dmñVwem§VrÀ`m Xwgè`m {Xder åhUOo _§Jidma, {X. 22 OmZodmar Vo 30 OmZodmar 1991 `m H$mimV lrA`wVMÊS>rgh n§Mm`VZ `mJmMo Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Amco hmoVo. nyUm©hwVrÀ`m {Xder gm`§H$mir nmcIr gmohimhr g§nÞ Pmcm. Amnë`m nümV g_m{Y_§{XamMr Ywam g_W©nUo nocy eHo$c Agm Amncm dmag åhUyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr lr.AemoH$amd VWm lrH$mH$m _hmamO `m§Mr {ZdS> Amnë`m _Zmer \$ma nyduM Ho$cr hmoVr. Ë`mM Ñï>rZo Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§Mr ZmoH$ar, KaXma, g§gma gmoS>m`cm cmdyZ Amnë`mnmer R>odyZ KoVco hmoVo. na§Vw `mMm Jm¡ß`ñ\$moQ> \$ma AmYr Ho$cm ZìhVm. lr_hmamOm§À`m eodQ>À`m AmOmanUmV Ooìhm lr_hmamO AmVm AmnU Xoh gmoS>Uma Ago gy{MV H$arV Ë`m doir ^mdr {d`moJmÀ`m H$ënZoZo Ë`m§Mo ^º$JU Xw:Ir hmoV Am{U lr_hmamOm§À`m nümV "Amncm dmcr H$moU' `m {dMmamZo ^m§~mdyZ OmV. EH$Xm lr.A_moc H$m|S>H$a nËZr AnUm©VmBªgh Xe©Zmcm Amco hmoVo. lr_hmamOm§Zr AMmZH$ Ë`m§Zm ~mocmdco Am{U gm§{JVco H$s _r cdH$aM Xoh gmoS>Uma Amho ! ho EoH$ë`m~amo~a AnUm©VmB© Va aSy>M cmJë`m. Ë`mM doir lrH$mH$m A§JUmV _moR>çm AmdmOmV Hw$Umcm Var H$m_m~Ôc gyMZm XoV hmoVo. Ë`m doir lr_hmamO H$m|S>H$a XmånË`mMr g_OyV H$mT>rV åhUmco, ""Vmo Omo ~mhoa ~m|~cVmo Amho Zm (åhUOo lrH$mH$m) Vmo _rM Amho. _mÂ`m nümV Vmo Vw_Mm gm§^mi H$arc.'' hr Jmoï> lr.H$m|S>H$a `m§Zr lrH$mH$m§Zm gm§{JVcr. nU hr O~m~Xmar ñdrH$maÊ`mMr Ë`m§Mr V`mar ZìhVr. Ë`m_wio hr Jmoï> H$moUmcmhr Z gm§JÊ`m~Ôc lrH$mH$m§Zr Ë`m§Zm ~Omdco hmoVo, AJXr lr_hmamOm§Zr Xoh R>odë`mdagwÕm ! Iao Va lr_hmamOm§À`m AZoH$ àmg§{JH$ H¥$VrVyZ lr_hmamOm§Zm lrH$mH$m§~Ôc {H$Vr ào_, {H$Vr _m`m Am{U {H$Vr {dœmg dmQ>V hmoVm `mÀ`m IwUm {XgVmV. Ë`mM~amo~a lr_hmamOm§Zr AZoH$ àg§JmV lrH$mH$m§À`m Jwé{Zð>oMr, g_n©U ^mdZoMr A{¾narjmhr KoVcr hmoVr. Anma ào_ Ho$co VgoM Amnë`m H«$moYm¾rV Ë`m§Mo ~mdZH$er gwdU© nmaIyZhr nm{hco. na§Vw Ë`mM~amo~a AZoH$ àg§Jm§VyZ hohr OmUdVo H$s hm gmam AZmXr-AZ§V Aem gX²>Jwê$ na§naoMmM EH$ Ioi Amho. Ë`m IoimMm ^mJ åhUyZM d`mÀ`m gmVì`m dfu lr_hmamOm§À`m _m§S>rda ~gyZ lrH$mH$m§Zm CnmgZm _§Ì {_imcm. nwT>o _§{XamV dmñVì`mbm `oD$Z Oo_Vo_ ghm-gmV _{hZo Pmco AgVrc VoìhmMm EH$ àg§J. EH$Xm eaX^mB© _wZr `m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm EH$ Zdo n¡emMo nmH$sQ>, Ë`m§Mo dmnamVrc nmH$sQ> OwZo Pmco åhUyZ, _moR>çm ^mdZoZo AmUyZ {Xco. lr_hmamOm§Zrhr Vo nmH$sQ> ñdrH$maco Am{U åhUmco, ""AmVm `m OwÝ`m nm{H$Q>mMo H$m` H$ê$ ?'' åhUyZ VoWo H$m_ H$arV ~gcoë`m Amnë`m gd© {eî`m§H$S>o EH$Xm Ë`m§Zr nm{hco. XmoZ {_{ZQ>o Ë`m§Zr gdmªZm Ý`mhmico Am{U Vo nmH$sQ> AMmZH$nUo lrH$mH$m§À`m hmVr {Xco. nwÝhm Vo _mJyZ KoVco Am{U Ë`mV 101 én`o Am{U lr~m~m§Mm \$moQ>mo KmcyZ Vo lrH$mH$m§À`m Ë`mMm doby Jobm.. / 249

hmVr {Xco. nwT>o 1982 À`m Zmoìh|~a _{hÝ`mV, Am`H$a ImË`mZo N>mnm Q>mH$cm hmoVm, Ë`mM {Xder, Amnë`m hmVmVrc Jwê$ Am{U eZrMm IS>m Agcocr A§JR>r lrH$mH$m§Zm {Xcr. lrA¸$cH$moQ>ñdm_tZr lr_hmamOm§Zm {Xcocr H$mMoMr JmoQ>rhr lr_hmamOm§Zr AË`§V {dœmgmZo lrH$mH$m§ZmM {Xcr hmoVr. EH$Xm lr_hmamO {gZo_mcm {ZKmco hmoVo. VrZ {V[H$Q>o H$mTy>Z AmUcocr hmoVr. lr_hmamOm§Zr lr.~mUmdcr Am{U lrH$mH$m Aem XmoKm§Zm Amnë`m~amo~a `oÊ`mg gm§{JVco. [ajmV ~gVmZm lr.~mUmdcr `m§À`m _ZmV {dMma Amcm H$s ho lr.AemoH$ Omoer AcrH$S>oM _§{XamV `oD$ cmJco AmhoV Am{U Ë`m§À`mda lr_hmamOm§Mr EdT>r _Ou H$er ? Ë`m§À`m _ZmVrc ho {dMma OmUyZ lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""Aao ~mUmdcr, AemoH$Mr Am{U _mPr \$ma OwZr AmoiI Amho ao !'' lr.~mUmdcr ho lr_hmamOm§Mm XrK© ghdmg cm^coco, AZoH$ doim H¥$nmàgmX cm^coco, IwÔ XÎmmÌo`m§Mo Xe©Z KS>coco ^º$ ! Ë`m§Zm lr_hmamOm§Z§Va hr Jwéna§nam EdT>çm g_W©nUo H$moU Mmc{dUma `mMr H$miOr dmQ>m`Mr. Ë`m§Zr EH$Xm Yra H$ê$Z Ë`m{df`r lr_hmamOm§Zm {dMmaco Voìhm lr_hmamO åhUmco hmoVo H$s, _r Joë`mda EH$m dfm©V Vwcm H$iocM ! Ë`mà_mUo lr_hmamOm§À`m n{hë`m nwÊ`{VWrgmR>r Vo _§{XamV Amco AgVm. nwÊ`{VWrÀ`m AmXë`m amÌr Ë`m§Zm Ñï>m§V hmoD$Z lr_hmamOm§Zr, lrXÎmmÌo`, lrñdm_r g_W©, lr~rS>H$a _hmamO, lr~m~m _hmamO, Ë`m§Mo Z§Va lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO Am{U lrH$mH$m Aer Jwéna§nam XmI{dë`mMo Ë`m§Zr gm§{JVco. AemM àH$maMo Ñï>m§V lr_hmamOm§À`m XrK© ghdmgmVrc hf}H$mH$m, a§JZmW ^mQ>dS>oH$a `m§Zm XoD$Z lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m nümV lrH$mH$m hr O~m~Xmar g_W©nUo gm§^miVrc Ago Xe©dyZ {Xco hmoVo. Xoh R>odÊ`mnydu lr_hmamOm§Zr gdmªÀ`m _ZmVrc e§H$m Xya H$aÊ`mgmR>r lr._mYdamd H$mOaoH$a `m§À`m g_moaM _§{XamMm gd© ì`dhma Am{U na§naoMr gd© O~m~Xmar lrH$mH$m§ZrM gm§^mim`Mr Amho Ago {Z:g§{X½Y eãXm§V gdmªZm CÔoeyZ AmXoedOm eãXm§V R>m_nUo gm§{JVco hmoVo. Ë`mda lrH$mH$m§Zr, "hr O~m~Xmar Am{U H$m`m©Mr Ywam lr.dm_Zamd Omoer (lr_hmamOm§Mo nwVUo) `m§Zr gm§^mimdr,' Ago Z_«nUo gwM{dco. lr_hmamOm§Zr hr {dZ§Vr YwS>H$mdyZ cmdV naV EH$Xm gdmªZm {ZjyZ gm§{JVco, ""AemoH$ hmM _mPm _wcJm Amho Am{U na§naoMo H$m`©, cmoH${ejUmMo H$m`© _mÂ`m nümV VmoM gm§^mirc. EdT>oM Zìho Va Ë`mÀ`m XohmVyZ _rM nwT>o gd© H$m`© H$aUma Amho.'' lr_hmamOm§Zr Xoh R>odÊ`mnydu H$mhr _moOŠ`m ì`º$s¨Zm gm§{JVco hmoVo H$s, _mÂ`m nümV Vwåhr gm§JcrMo Wmoa g§V, {gÕnwéf lrXmXm _hmamO Ho$iH$a `m§Zm OmD$Z ^oQ>m. Ë`mà_mUo {X. 22-23 OyZ 1989 amoOr lrH$mH$m, dmcmdcH$agmho~, ~mUmdcrgmho~, ~mOramd {Q>Ho$H$a, ~mimgmho~ H$mOaoH$a, A_moc H$m|S>H$a, ~§SyeoQ> OmYd Aer 10-15 _§S>ir gm§Jcrcm Jocr. ho gd© cmoH$ Joco Voìhm lrXmXm _hmamO {ZË`mMo H$sV©Z H$arV hmoVo. `m gdmªZm nmhÿZ Vo åhUmco, ""`m, ~gm ! _r Vw_MrM dmQ> nmhmV hmoVmo. {H$Vr doi dmQ> ~Km`Mr ?'' AmJV-ñdmJV Pmë`mZ§Va nwÝhm Xwgè`m {Xder ho gd© OU 250 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

lrXmXm _hmamOm§H$S>o Joco Am{U Ë`m§Zm "AmnU lrgX²>Jwê$ {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO `m§À`m AmXoemà_mUo AmnUmH$S>o Amcmo AmhmoV. Voìhm lr_hmamOm§Zr ñWmnZ Ho$coë`m `m {d{dY g§ñWm§Mm H$ma^ma H$moUr nmhm`Mm `m{df`r lr_hmamOm§À`m BÀN>oà_mUo AmnUM H$m` Vmo AmXoe Úmdm,' Aer {dZ§Vr Ho$cr. lrXmXm _hmamO H$mhr doi S>moio {_Qy>Z ñVãY ~gco Am{U Z§Va qH${MV H$mimZo S>moio CKSy>Z Ë`m§Zr lrH$mH$m§H$S>o ~moQ> XmIdyZ åhQ>co H$s ho Omoer _hmamO gd© nmhmVrc. Z§Va lrXmXm _hmamO ñdV: nwÊ`mcm g_m{Y_§{XamV Amco hmoVo Ë`m doir {dZ§Vr Ho$ë`mdê$Z Ë`m§Zr, ""AmaVr {XJ§~am & O` VoOmo ^mñH$am Ÿ&&'' hr àmgm{XH$ AmaVr Ëd[aV H$ê$Z {Xcr. `m AmaVr_Ü`o, ""AemoH$ nwÌmcmJr & ñd`o ào_o Hw$admirVr &&'' `m Amoir KmcyZ lr_hmamOm§Mr BÀN>m Am{U AmXoe gdmªZmM {d{XV Ho$cm, Wmoa g§V lr harH$mH$m Jmogmdr `m§Mohr Amerdm©X lrH$mH$m§Zm cm^co. darc gd© h{H$H$V dmMyZ Ago dmQ>oc H$s, lr_hmamO Am{U lrg§V XmXm _hmamO `m§Mm \$ma nydunmgyZ n[aM` hmoVm Am{U Amnë`m nümV CÎmam{YH$mar {ZdS>cm OmVmZm H$mhr AS>MU `oD$ Z`o, _V^oX hmoD$ Z`oV åhUyZ lr_hmamOm§Zr lrXmXm _hmamOm§Odi Amncr {ZdS> gm§JyZ R>odcr Am{U Hw$Qw>§~mMo dS>rcYmao ñZohr `m ZmË`mZo, Ë`m§Mo d`, AZw^d Am{U AmÜ`mpË_H$ joÌmVrc A{YH$ma `mÛmao `m g§nyU© à{H«$`oda Ë`m§Zr cj R>odmdo Aer Anojm ì`º$ Ho$cr. na§Vw àË`jmV Ago H$mhrM ZìhVo. gm§Jcr `oWo dmñVì`mcm Agcoco lrXmgam_ _hmamO Ho$iH$a VWm lrXmXm _hmamO ho {gÕnwéf lr qZ~aJrH$a _hmamO `m§À`m qZ~aJr n§WmMo. Ë`m§Mr Am{U lr_hmamOm§Mr cm¡{H$H$ AWm©Zo H$Yrhr àË`j ^oQ> Pmcocr Zmhr. Varhr lr_hmamOm§Zr Xoh R>odÊ`mnydu, ""lrXmXm _hmamOm§Zm OmD$Z ^oQ>m'' Ago Amnë`m {ZdS>H$ {eî`m§Zm gm§{JVco hmoVo Am{U nwT>o lrXmXm _hmamOm§Zr lr_hmamOm§À`m _hm{Zdm©UmZ§Va lr_hmamOm§À`m BÀN>oà_mUo, Ë`m§À`m ^oQ>rgmR>r Jocoë`m {eî`JUm§Zm `mo½` Vo _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$co, lr_hmamOm§Mr A{Ve` àmgm{XH$ Aer AmaVr {c{hcr, VgoM nwÊ`mVrc g_m{Y_§{XamV VgoM S>oadU `oWo `oD$Z Amerdm©X {Xco hm gmam KQ>ZmH«$_ Amåhm gm_mÝ` OZm§Zm {dñ_`M{H$V H$aUmam Amho. `m gd© KQ>ZmH«$_mV Iyn AmYrMr åhUOo 1976 gmcMr EH$ chmZer KQ>Zmhr Iyn _hÎdmMr Amho. EH$Xm lrH$mH$m _hmamO gH$mir _§{XamV Xe©Zmcm Amco AgVm lr_hmamO Ë`m§Zm, ""Ü`mZmcm ~g ao !'' Ago åhUmco. Am`wî`mV EH$XmM lr_hmamOm§Zr lrH$mH$m§Zm Aer Amkm Ho$cr hmoVr. Ë`mà_mUo lrH$mH$m Ü`mZmcm ~gco. H$mhr doi Ü`mZ H$ê$Z Z§Va Vo lr_hmamOm§Zm ^oQ>yZ, {Zamon KoD$Z, H$m_mda OmÊ`mgmR>r åhUyZ lr_hmamOm§H$S>o Amco. Voìhm Ë`m§Zr {dMmaco, ""H$m` nm{hcog ao Ü`mZmV ?'' lrH$mH$m åhUmco, ""EH$ J¥hñW IwMuV ~gco AmhoV, XwQ>m§Jr YmoVa, eQ>©, H$mir Q>monr Agm doe Amho, Ag§ _cm Ü`mZmÀ`m doir {Xgc§.'' lr_hmamO EH$X_ Iyf Pmco d åhUmco, "Vo' Vwcm {Xgco Zm ? _J VwP§ H$m_ Pmc§ Ag§ g_O !' _J åhUmco, ""_r Agon`ªV Vwcm _XV H$arZ. _mÂ`m nümV Vwcm Ë`mMm doby Jobm.. / 251

AS>MU Amcr Va Vy Ë`m§À`mH$S>o Om ! Vo Vwcm _XV H$aVrc !'' "Vo' gËnwéf H$moU AmhoV `mMm Iwcmgm lr_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m doir Ho$cm ZìhVm. EdT>oM Zìho Va lrXmXm _hmamOm§Zm ^oQ>Ê`mgmR>r Ooìhm lr_hmamOm§Mo ho 10-12 {ZdS>H$ {eî` gm§Jcrcm Joco, Voìhmhr Ë`m§À`mOdi lrXmXm _hmamOm§Mm ZrQ> nÎmmhr ZìhVm. gm§Jcrcm OmD$Z, VoWo Mm¡H$er H$ê$Z Vmo emoYyZ H$mT>mdm cmJcm. Ë`m doir lrXmXm _hmamOm§Mo Xe©Z Pmë`mda lrH$mH$m§À`m cjmV Amco H$s, `mM gËnwéfm§Mo Xe©Z AmnUmcm nydu Ü`mZmÀ`m doir Pmco hmoVo. gX²Jwê§$À`m crcm AVŠ`© AgVmV hoM Iao ! {X. 24 E{àc 1991 amoOr lr AdYyVmZ§X gañdVr ho Wmoa {gÕnwéf lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV Amco hmoVo. Ë`m§Mo dmñVì` {h_mc`mV Ago. `mnyduhr AZoH$ doim Vo _§{XamV lr_hmamOm§Zm ^oQ>m`cm `oV AgV. lrH$mH$m§Zr Ë`m§Mo `Wmo{MV ñdmJV H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mm gÝ_mZ Ho$cm. Ë`m doir CnpñWV Agcoë`m gd© ^º$m§Zm g_moa ~gdyZ Vo lrH$mH$m§H$S>o ~moQ> XmIdyZ gdmªZm CÔoeyZ åhUmco, ""ho EH$Q>o gm§JVrc d ~mH$s gd© EoH$Vrc. _J nmhm, gd©Ì AmZ§X ngaoc. lr_hmamO ho gd© {gÕm§Mo {gÕ AmhoV. Vo àË`j XÎmmÌo`M AmhoV. AmnU gd© ^m½`dmZ AmhmV H$s lr_hmamO Am{U lrH$mH$m `m§Mo ào_ Am{U _mJ©Xe©Z AmnUmcm cm^co Amho. `mMm àË`j AZw^d AmnU gd© KoV AmhmVM. AmnUmn¡H$s Hw$Urhr _Zm_Ü`o `m~Ôc qH$Vy AmUy Z`o, I§V H$ê$ Z`o. _mZnmZ, àe§gm àmá ìhmdr Agco {dMma ~mOycm gmam. Amnë`mcm H$mhr H$_r-A{YH$ {_imco Amho, {_iV Amho Agm {dMma _ZmV `oD$ XoD$ ZH$m. EH$mÀ`m {dMmamZo, _mJ©Xe©ZmZo, EH${XcmZo amhm. _J gd©Ì AmZ§XM ~haoc.'' lr AdYyVmZ§X gañdVtMr hr A_¥VdmUr Ajae: Iar R>acr. lrH$mH$m§Zr AË`§V {dZ_«Vmnyd©H$ Amnë`m gX²>Jwê§$À`m BÀN>oà_mUo Ë`m§À`m H$m`m©Mr nVmH$m Amnë`m Im§Úmda KoVcr Am{U lr_hmamOm§Zr cmdcocm hm A_¥VmMm docy AmO JJZmdar Mmccm Amho. lr_hmamOm§À`m _hm{Zdm©UmZ§Va nwUo `oWrc g_m{Y_§{XamMm ßcm°Q> H«$. 937 S>r hm lr_hmamOm§Mo {ZH$Q>Mo ^º$ lr.H$_cmH$an§V dmcmdcH$a Am{U lr.d._.{Q>Ho$H$a `m§À`m Zmdo, ßcm°Q >_mcH$ lr_Vr {Z_©cmVmB© ZriH§$R> Iao `m§À`mH$Sy>Z 50 dfmªH$[aVm åhUOo gZ 2035 gmcmn`ªV crOZo KoVcm hmoVm; nU Z§VaÀ`m H$mimV lr.dmcmdcH$a `m§Mo XohmdgmZ Pmë`m_wio gZ 1996 _Ü`o n{hco crO aÔ H$ê$Z lr.{dH$mg H$_cmH$a dmcmdcH$a Am{U lrH$mH$m _hmamO `m§À`m Zmdo 2035 n`ªVgmR>r Zdo crO H$ê$Z KoÊ`mV Amco. Ë`mZ§Va OoWo lr_hmamOm§Mo g_m{Y_§{Xa ~m§Ym`Mo hmoVo Vmo ßcm°Q> (937 gr), lr_hmamOm§À`m dmagXmam§H$Sy>Z lrH$mH$m _hmamO `m§À`m Zmdo brOda KoÊ`mV Amcm. Ë`m ßcm°Q>da A{Ve` gw§Xa Ago lr_hmamOm§Mo _§{Xa ~m§YyZ gmo_dma, {X. 21 OmZodmar 1991 amoOr Ë`m_Ü`o lr_hmamOm§À`m _yVuMr à{Vð>mnZm Pmcr, hm ^mJ `mnydu Amcm AmhoM. lr_hmamOm§Zr lr~m~m§Mo C^macoco _§{Xa ho Vgo chmZgo Am{U nÍ`mMo hmoVo. VoWo CËH¥$ï> Ago _§{Xa 252 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

C^maÊ`mMo ñdßZ lr_hmamOm§À`m _ZmV gX¡d hmoVo. {ZdmgñWmZmMr B_maV nyU© Pmë`mda lr_hmamO AZoH$ doim lr~m~m§Mr nyOm H$aVmZm J{hdê$Z åhUm`Mo, ""_cm {g_|Q> H$m±H«$sQ>Mo Ka ~m§YyZ {XcoV. AmnU _mÌ nÍ`mÀ`m eoS>_Ü`o amhmVm.'' Iao Va Vgo _§{Xa ~m§YUo lr_hmamOm§Zm ghO eŠ` hmoVo; na§Vw Varhr Vo _§{Xa Ë`m§Zr ~m§Yco ZìhVo. lrH$mH$m§À`m hmVyZ Vo H$m`© ìhmdo AerM lr_hmamOm§Mr BÀN>m AgUma. Amnë`m {eî`mcm _moR>m H$aÊ`mMo Jwéd«V lr_hmamOm§Zr nmico hmoVo. lrH$mH$m§Zr ghm _{hÝ`m§À`m AënmdYrV lr~m~m§Mo Zdo _§{Xa C^maco. _§{XamMr dmñVy A{Ve` XoIUr Amho. aMZm gmYr, gai Amho. _§{XamV hmoUmè`m {d{dY H$m`©H«$_m§Zm gmoB©ñH$a Aer {VMr aMZm Amho. ñdÀN> nm§T>è`m g§J_adamMm dmna, gm¡å` a§Jg§JVr, ^anya àH$me Ioi{dUmè`m _moR>çm {IS>Š`m, Aà{V_ ZjrH$m_ Agcoco ^ì` àdoeÛma Am{U _wImda dËgc ^md {dcgV Agcocr J^©J¥hmVrc lr~m~m§Mr ^ì` _yVu, `m_wio ^º$m§Zm Anyd© Aem gwIX em§VrMm AZw^d _§{XamV àdoe H$aVmM `oVmo. _§{XamVrc ñdÀN>Vm, dmVmdaUmV OmUdUmam {d{eï>> gwJ§Y, _Z_mohH$ \w$cm§À`m aMZm, lr~m~m§Mr Aà{V_ V¡c{MÌo, q^Vrdarc H$nmQ>mV OnyZ R>odcoë`m lr~m~m§À`m dmnamVrc dñVy, g^mJ¥hmV Mmcy Agcoco AI§S> Zm_ñ_aU Am{U drUoMo Jw§OZ ^º$m§Mo _Z {Z{d©H$ën H$aVo. ho gmao {MÌ AJXr lr_hmamOm§À`m _Zmà_mUoM Amho. {X. 6 Am{U 7 OmZodmar 1992 amoOr lr~m~m§À`m `m Zì`mZo ~m§Ycoë`m _§{XamMr dmñVwem§V Pmcr Am{U {X. 8 OmZodmar 1992 amoOr A^yVnyd© Aem cjM§S>r gmohù`mcm àma§^ Pmcm. hm gmohim {X. 24 OmZodmar 1992 n`ªV Mmcy hmoVm. Ë`mMm C„oI `mnydu Amcm AmhoM. hm cjM§S>r gmohim AZoH$ ÑîQ>rZo A^yVnyd© Agm Pmcm. `m gmohù`mMo Am`moOZ ho A{Ve` H$R>rU AmìhmZ hmoVo. Am`moOH$m§À`m j_VoMm H$g nmhmUmao hmoVo. gw_mao EH$ hOma ~«m÷U Xoe^amVyZ `m gmohù`mgmR>r {Z_§{ÌV Ho$coco hmoVo. Ë`m{edm` hOmamo ^º$JU hm gmohim nmhmÊ`mgmR>r à{V{XZr `kñWmZr `oV hmoVo. gd© Ym{_©H$ H¥$Ë`o emñÌmoº$ nÕVrZo H$aUo, Ë`mgmR>r cmJUmar gm_J«r Jmoim H$aUo, EdT>çm ~«m÷Um§gmR>r {Zdmg, ^moOZ AmXr ì`dñWm Ë`m gdmªZm A{VWr _mZyZ, Ë`m§Zm g§Vwï> amIyZ H$aUo, ^º$OZm§Zmhr `m gmohù`mMo Xe©ZgwI {_iy XoUo Aem AZoH$ OQ>rc O~m~Xmè`m§Mo ho {edYZwî` hmoVo. `mgmR>r g_{n©V ^mdZoZo H$m_ H$aUmar, {eñV~Õ, H$ï>miy Am{U O~m~Xma Aer ñd`§godH$m§Mr _moR>r \$m¡O C^r H$aUo hohr EH$ _moR>o H$R>rU AmìhmZ hmoVo. nmR>rer na_oœar A{Yð>mZ Agë`m{edm` Aer _moR>r H$m_o {Z{d©¿ZnUo hmoUo eŠ` ZgVo. _mÌ lrH$mH$m§Zr ho {edYZwî` crc`m CMcco Am{U Amnë`m gX²>Jwê§$Mo A{Yð>mZ Amnë`m_mJo Agë`mMo {gÕ Ho$co. Amnë`m gX²>Jwê§$Zr AmnUmda Q>mH$cocm {dœmg gmW© Ho$cm. lr~m~m§À`m _§{Xamg_moa gw_mao 14 hOma Mm¡ag \w$Q>m§Mm EH$ ^ì` `k_§S>n ~m§YÊ`mMo H$m_ bjM§S>r gmohù`mÀ`m AmYr nyU© H$aÊ`mV Amco. `m `k_§S>nmÀ`m EH$m ~mOyg _moR>çm CËgdm§À`m doir Cn`moJmV AmUÊ`mgmR>r EH$ ñd`§nmH$J¥h, Ë`mcm _mJo cmJyZ ^m§S>r KmgÊ`mgmR>r _moar, Zi, Ë`mMm doby Jobm.. / 253

hm¡X AmhoV. `k_§S>nmÀ`m n{ü_oH$S>rc ~mOyg nmM `kHw§$S>o CîUVmamoYH$ Aem Img {dQ>m§Zr ~m§YyZ H$m`_ñdê$nr ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mV Amcr Amho. lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamÀ`m _mJrc ~mOyghr EH$ n¸$m _§S>n ~m§YÊ`mV Amcm Amho. {edm` OmZH$s {Zdmg Am{U am_M§Ð {Zdmg `m XmoZ _moR>çm B_maVr ~m§YÊ`mV Amë`m AmhoV. ‘937 ~r’ _Yrc OmZH$s {ZdmgmcJV EH$ Zoh_rÀ`m dmnamMo ñd`§nmH$J¥h Amho. OmZH$s {ZdmgmV Vi_Oë`mda amoOÀ`m ^moOZmÀ`m doir n§JVr _m§S>Ê`mV `oVmV. VgoM n{hë`m _Oë`mda CËgdmÀ`m doir pñÌ`m§Mr {Zdmg ì`dñWm Ho$cocr AgVo. 937 E ßcm°Q>_Ü`o Agcocr lr.amUo `m§MoH$Sy>Z IaoXr Ho$cocr B_maV Am{U AmD$Q> hmD$g `m§À`m OmJr AmVm "am_M§Ð {Zdmg' hr ^ì` B_maV ~m§YÊ`mV Amcr Amho. `mM B_maVrV AmVm doXemioV g§Wm KoUmao {dÚmWu Am{U Ë`m§Mo JwéOr, _§{XamVrc nyOm ì`dñWm nmhmUmao JwéOr `m§À`mgmR>r n{hë`m _Oë`mda ñdV§Ì ì`dñWm Ho$cr Amho. {edm` CËgdH$mimV _w¸$m_mcm AgUmè`m ^º$JUm§gmR>r Am{U ñd`§godH$m§gmR>rhr `m B_maVrV {Zdmg ì`dñWm Ho$cocr Amho. `m{edm` "lrJwé:eaU_²' hr B_maVhr ~m§YÊ`mV Amcr Amho. Ë`m B_maVrV EH$m ImocrV lrH$mH$m amhmVmV. `m ImobrV lr_hmamOm§ZrM nydu lrH$mH$m§Zm nmR>XwIrMm Ìmg hmoVmo åhUyZ {Xcocr cmoI§S>r A±Jëgda cmH$S>r \$ù`m Q>mHy$Z Ho$cocr KS>rMr H$m°Q>, EH$ N>moQ>o H$nmQ> Am{U gX²>Jwê§$À`m Vg{~atgh lrH$mH$m§Mo XodñWmZ Amho. "_hméÐ hZw_mZ {Zdmg' hr B_maV nydu lr_hmamOm§Zr IaoXr Ho$cr hmoVr. {VMm AmVm {dñVma H$aÊ`mV Amcm Amho. `kH$mimV VoWo gd© ~«÷d¥§XmMr amhmÊ`mMr gmo` H$aÊ`mV `oVo. `m B_maVrncrH$S>o "A§JX {Zdmg' hr B_maV ~m§YÊ`mV Ambr. `m B_maVrVhr CËgd Am{U `kH$mimV ~«÷d¥§XmMr VgoM AÝ` ^º$JUm§Mr amhmÊ`mMr ì`dñWm Ho$cocr AgVo. lr~m~m§À`m nmcIr gmohù`mgmR>r AX_mgo ZD$ \y$Q> cm§~rMm Am{U AH$am \y$Q> C§MrMm, CËH¥$ï> H$mam{JarZo ZQ>cocm M§XZmMm aW cjM§S>r gmohù`mÀ`m doirM H$aÊ`mV Amcm. AmVm Vmo g§nyU© aW éß`mZo _T>dyZ da gmoÝ`mMm _wcm_m XoD$Z gw§Xa ZjrH$m_mZo gOdÊ`mV Amcm Amho. a{ddma, {X. 16 OmZodmar 1994 (nm¡f ew && 5, eH$ 1915) amoOr gm`§H$mir 5 dmOVm g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m AmdmamVrc "_hméÐ hZw_mZ {Zdmg' `m B_maVrV ""H¡$.gm¡._mVm OmZH$s~mB© JUoe Omoer Am¡fYmc`'' `m AZwXm{ZV VÎdmda Mmc{dÊ`mV `oUmè`m XdmImÝ`mMo CX²>KmQ>Z Pmco. VoìhmnmgyZ à{V{XZr nmM $én`o EdT>çm Aën ewëH$m_Ü`o JmoaJ[a~m§Zm Am¡fYmonMma H$aÊ`mV `oV AmhoV. AmVm hm XdmImZm Zì`mZo ~m§Ycoë`m "A§JX {Zdmg' `m B_maVrV gwê$ Amho. à{Vdfu nm¡f-_mK _{hÝ`mV _§{Xam_Ü`o n§Mm`VZ `mJmMo Am`moOZ hmoVo. {H$_mZ XrS>eoÀ`m g§»`oZo ~«÷d¥§X CnpñWV AgVmo Am{U XaamoO EH$ hOma Vo ~mameo ^º$JU Xwnmar àgmXmMm cm^ KoVmV. Zm_On Am{U gX²>J«§W dmMZ `m§Mo g§H$ën gmoS>coco AgVmV. Vo ^º$JUm§À`m ^aJƒ JXu_wio crc`m 254 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

nyU© hmoVmV. gm`§H$mir H$sV©Z, àdMZmMm H$m`©H$« _ hmoVmo. à{Vdfu Zm_d§V Jm`H$mMm EImXm ^{º$g§JrVmMm H$m`©H«$_hr hmoVmo. df©^a lr_hmamOm§Zr gwê$ Ho$coco gd© CËgd, gUg_ma§^, d«Vo, ñ_¥{V{XZ lr_hmamOm§Zr KmcyZ {Xcoë`m àWm-na§nam§à_mUoM gmOao hmoVmV. Ë`m_Ü`o lr_hmamOm§Mm OÝ_moËgd Am{U nwÊ`{VWr CËgd `m XmoZ CËgdm§Mr ^a nS>cr Amho. lr_hmamOm§Mo ho ñ_¥{V{XZgwÕm lÕmnyd©H$ gmOao H$aÊ`mV `oVmV. {X. 11 E{àc 1992 (am_Zd_r) nmgyZ _§{XamV ""lrñdm_r g_W© O` O` ñdm_r g_W©Ÿ&'' `m Zm_mMm On AI§S>nUo Mmcy Amho Am{U ^º$m§À`m lÕoÀ`m Am{U CËgmhmÀ`m ~imda Vmo Aì`mhV MmcUma Amho. lr_hmamOm§À`m AmOmanUmÀ`m H$mimV Am{U _hm{Zdm©UmZ§Va H$mhr _{hZo S>ao dU `oWrc ñWmZmVrc ì`dñWm WmoS>r Xwc{© jV Pmcr Am{U VoWo WmoS>o e¡{Wë` Amco hmoV;o na§Vw lrH$mH$m§Zr {Z`{_VnUo VoWo OmÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$cr Am{U n[al_nydH© $ gd© KS>r nwÝhm ~gdyZ Ë`m ñWmZmVhr nydd© V M¡VÝ` {Z_m©U Ho$co. gd©àW_ C„oI H$am`Mm Va {X. 24 E{àc 1992 nmgyZ nwÊ`mà_mUoM S>ao dU `oWho r ""lr ñdm_r g_W© O` O` ñdm_r g_W© &'' `m Zm_mMm AI§S> On gwê$ Ho$cm Am{U Vmo Aì`mhV MmcyM Amho. {X. 24 _o 1992 `m {Xder lrH$mH$m§À`m àmoËgmhZmZo Am{U AMyH$ {Z`moOZmZo, XyaÑï>rZo Am{U YmS>gr {ZU©`j_Vo_wio, hOmamo J«m_ñWm§H$Sy>Z Am{U qhXy Y_©ào_r cmoH$m§H$Sy>Z S>oadUMo lrkmZZmW _§{Xa EH$m {XdgmV gmH$maco. AZoH$ df} S>oadUÀ`m ñWmZmÀ`m {damoYmV H$mañWmZo H$aUmè`m gd© g§~§{YVm§Zm Ë`m_wio `mo½` Vmo g§Xoe `m {dÚwVdoJr H¥$VrVyZ {_imcm. ~aoM {Xdg Xwc©j Pmë`m_wio, {ed-g_W© JS>mVrc nwVio, {^{Îm{MÌo dJ¡ao a§J CSy>Z Iam~ Pmco hmoVo. Vr gd© {MÌo, nwVio nwÝhm a§JdyZ, nwVù`m§da CÝhm-nmdgmnmgyZ g§ajU {_ioc Ago nÍ`mMo N>V ~m§YyZ {H$ëë`mMr S>mJSw>Or H$ê$Z Ë`mg nyduMo gm¢X`© nwÝhm AmU{dco. AmVm {H$ëë`mVrc g^mJ¥hmda nyduÀ`m nÍ`mÀ`m N>VmEodOr EH$ _hmàM§S> H$m±H«$sQ>Mo N>V KmcÊ`mV Amco Amho. ÜdZr-àH$memMr ñd`§M{bV `moOZm H$ê$Z {edemhrMm eãX~Õ B{Vhmg {MÌo nmhmVmZmM H$mZmda nS>oc Aer ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mV Amcr Amho. {edm` {H$ëë`mMo àdoeÛma H$mù`m XJS>m§Zr Zì`mZo ~m§YyZ A{YH$ ^ì` Am{U AmH$f©H$ H$aÊ`mV Amco Amho. lrH$mH$m _hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m gX²Jwê§$À`m _hm{Zdm©UmZ§Va H$mhr _hÎdmÀ`m _§{Xam§Mo OrUm}Õma Ho$bo Va H$mhr _§{Xao Zì`mZo C^mabr. `m gd© H$m`m©_mJMr àoaUm AWm©VM gX²Jwê$ lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO `m§MrM hmoVr. Amnbo AZoH$ g§H$ën Amnë`m `m {eî`mZo _yV©ñdê$nmV AmUmdoV AerM lr_hmamOm§Mr BÀN>m hmoVr, AÝ`Wm lr_hmamOm§Zr Vo Ho$ìhmM nyU©Ëdmbm Zobo AgVo. AJXr CXmhaUM Úm`Mo Va S>oadU `oWo "lrñdm_r g_W©-lram_ _§{Xam'gmR>r OmJm {Z{üV H$ê$Z Mm¡Wam ~m§YyZ R>odbobm hmoVm. na§Vw Vo H$m`© lrH$mH$m§À`m H$maH$sXuVM nyU© ìhmdo Aer lr_hmamOm§MrM `moOZm hmoVr Am{U Ë`mMm doby Jobm.. / 255

1996 gmbr lrH$mH$m _hmamOm§Zr Ë`mà_mUo Vmo g§H$ën gmH$ma Ho$bm. Amnë`m gX²Jwê§$Mm _{h_m gdmªZm {d{XV ìhmdm, Ë`m§À`m H$m`m©Mr ì`már dmT>mdr, _hVr A{YH$m{YH$ bmoH$m§Zm kmV ìhmdr `m Ñï>rZo lrH$mH$m _hmamOm§Zr AZoH$ Zì`m H$ënZmhr àË`jmV AmUë`m. S>oadUbm {ed-g_W© JS>mÀ`m n[agamV EH$ gw§Xa CÚmZ V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambo Amho Vo `mMrM gmj XoVo. gZ 1992 _Ü`o gmdS>} `oWrc lrXod XÎm XodñWmZmMm OrUm}Õma Ho$cm Jobm, Va 1999 _Ü`o lr {XJ§~a~m~m dhmiH$a `m§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamMm g§nyU© H$m`mnmcQ> H$ê$Z VoWo A{Ve` a_Ur` Ago Zdo g_m{Y_§{Xa ~m§Yco Jobo. 1994 _Ü`o lr_hmamOm§À`m OÝ_J«m_r nmo_|S>r (~w &&) `oWo lr_hmamOm§À`m KamÊ`mÀ`m ImgJr _mcH$sÀ`m lram_ _§{XamMm OrUm}Õma H$ê$Z A{Ve` XoIUo Ago _§{Xa C^maco Jobo. 1995 gmcr A§Yoar `oWo lrñdm_r g_W© ZJam_Ü`o lr_hmamOm§À`m g§H$ënmZwgma lrñdm_r g_W© _§{XamMr C^maUr Ho$cr. 1996 _Ü`o lr_hmamOm§Zr Mm¡Wam ~m§YyZ {Z{üV Ho$coë`m OmJr S>oadU `oWo lram_M§Ð, lrgrVm_mB©, lrcú_U, lrhZw_§V Am{U Ë`m§À`m EH$ A§Jmg lrgX²>Jwê$ {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO d Xwgè`m A§Jmg A¸$cH$moQ> {Zdmgr lrñdm_r g_W© _hmamO `m§À`m gw§Xa _yVu Agcoco "lrñdm_r g_W©-lram_ _§{Xa' nyU© H$aÊ`mV Amco. `m _§{XamV {X. 26 OmZodmar 1996 amoOr _yVvMr à{Vð>mnZm Pmcr. amÌr lr.~§S>mon§V gmocmnyaH$a `m§À`m ñdaX (Šc°[aAmoZoQ>) dmXZmMm gwlmì` H$m`©H«$_ Pmcm. Xwgè`m {XdgmnmgyZ åhUOo {X. 27 OmZodmar 1996 Vo 2 \o$~«wdmar 1996 `m H$mcmdYrV lrgáeVr hdZ à_wI (7000 nmR>, 700 hdZ) n§Mm`VZ `mJ g§nÞ Pmcm. `m AZwð>mZmV 343 ~«m÷U gh^mJr Pmco hmoV.o do.em.g§.nmR>H$emñÌr `m§Zr lrdmpë_H$s am_m`UmMo nmam`U Ho$co. A¸$cH$moQ>Mo lr Mmoimßnm _hmamO `m§Mo ZmVy do._y.nwOmar JwéOr `m§Zr amoO EH$ `mà_mUo gmV {Xdg Jwécrcm_¥VmMr nmam`Uo Ho$cr. gZ 1997 _Ü`o gmdS>} `oWo lr_hméX« hZw_mZ _§{XamMr C^maUr Ho$cr. {X. 25 _mM© 1997 amoOr lr_hméÐ hZw_mZmÀ`m _yVuMr à{Vð>mnZm Pmcr. gH$mir hdZ, gm`§H$mir _§ÌOmJa, ^OZ AmXr H$m`©H«$_m§Zr hm gmohim g§nÞ Pmcm. Ë`mM {Xder gm`§H$mir 5 dmOVm S>oadU ghmU Vo MìhmUdmS>r `m Q´>ñQ>ZoM ~m§Ycoë`m añË`mMo S>m§~arH$aUmZ§Va CX²>KmQ>Z Pmco. amÌr 9 dmOVm CËH$f© `wdm _§S>i, M|XdU (Vm. Hw$S>mi) `m H$cmnWH$mZo lr{ed-g_W© JS>mV "Jmo\$Z¥Ë`' gmXa Ho$co. gZ 2001 _Ü`o lr_hmamOm§Mo OÝ_ñWmZ Agcoë`m nmo_|S>r `oWrb KamMm OrUm}Õma H$ê$Z VoWo Á`m ImocrV lr_hmamOm§Mm OÝ_ Pmcm Ë`m ImocrV lr_hmamOm§Mr gw§Xa à{V_m ñWmnZ Ho$cr. VoWrb g§nyU© n[agamMm H$m`mnmcQ> H$ê$Z `m ñWmZmV `oUmè`m ^º m§Zm Cn`moJr nS>oc Aer {Zdmgì`dñWm Ho$cr. VoWo H$m`_ nwOmar R>odyZ nyOm-AM}Mr ì`dñWm Ho$cr. Ë`mM dfu ImZy `oWo lrJm§JoœamMo àmMrZ _§{XamMm OrUm}Õma Ho$cm, Va gZ 2003 _Ü`o ImZyÀ`m J«m_XodVoMo _§{Xa ~m§YyZ {Xco. S>oadU `oWo Q´>ñQ>À`m OmJoV XmoZ ZdrZ {d{har ~m§Yë`m. gaH$ma Xa~mar gVV nmR>nwamdm H$ê$Z 256 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

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E_.S>r. qH$dm E_.Eg. nXdr àmá S>m°ŠQ>am§Mm Vm\$m Zo_cocm AgVmoM; {edm` nwÊ`m-_w§~B©Mo AZoH$ Zm_d§V VÁk S>m°ŠQ>g© `oWo godm^mdr d¥ÎmrZo `oD$Z Amnë`m H$m¡eë`mMm cm^ JmoaJar~ OZVocm XoVmV. `m {R>H$mUr AmH$maco OmUmao ewëH$ ehar é½Umc`m§À`m VwcZoZo H$_r Amho. Aën CËnÞ JQ>mVrc é½Um§Zm Va gÎma Q>ŠŠ`m§n`ªV gyQ> XoÊ`mV `oVo. Ë`m_wio Jar~ H$moH$Ur OZVogmR>r ho é½Umc` daXmZ R>aco Amho. `m é½Umc`mMr _m{hVr _m{hVrOmcmda (B§Q>aZoQ>da) www.walawalkarhospital.com `m g§Ho$V ñWimda CncãY Pmë`mnmgyZ OJ^amVrc godm^mdr S>m°ŠQ>g© AmVm ñd`§ñ\y$VuZo `oWo `oD$Z Amnco H$m¡eë` JmoaJar~ OZVogmR>r CncãY H$ê$Z XoV AmhoV. doJdoJù`m nmümÎ` XoemVrc S>m°ŠQ>am§Mr {e{~ao AmVm dma§dma `oWo hmoV AgVmV. lr_hmamOm§Zr KS>{dcoë`m S>m°.~mUmdcr `m§À`m à`ËZmVyZ _w§~B©À`m Q>mQ>m _o_mo[a`c hm°pñnQ>cZo H°$Ýga amoJmÀ`m à{V~§YmgmR>r EH$ _moR>m àH$ën `oWo gwê$ Ho$cm Amho. gw_mao 80 H$_©Mmar Am{U ghm JmS>çm `m§À`m gmhmæ`mZo H$moH$UÀ`m VrZhr {OëømV H°$ÝgaÀ`m g§^mì` é½Um§Mo, KamoKar OmD$Z gd}jU Mmcy Amho. Q>ocr H$m°Ý\$apÝg¨JÀ`m V§ÌmZo S>oadU `oWyZM _w§~B©À`m Q>mQ>m hm°pñnQ>c_Yrc VÁk S>m°ŠQ>am§Mr _XV KoD$Z amoJ{ZXmZ hmoVo. `oWo _wI, J^m©e` Aem H$mhr àH$maÀ`m H$H©$amoJmda _mo\$V CnMma hmoVmV. hm°pñnQ>cÀ`mOdiM H$_©Mmar {ZdmgñWmZo AmhoV. VoWoM é½Um§À`m ZmVodmBH$m§gmR>r amhmÊ`mMr gmo`, ñdÀN>VmJ¥h, CnmhmaJ¥h Amho. é½Um§Mo Am{U H$_©Mmè`m§Mo H$nS>o, MmXar dJ¡ao ñdÀN> Am{U {ZOªVwH$ nÕVrZo YwÊ`mgmR>r EH$m ñdV§Ì B_maVrV ~m°`ca, S´>m`agh cm°ÝS´>r Amho. Zm Z\$m Zm VmoQ>m VÎdmda MmcUmao Am¡fYm§Mo XwH$mZ Amho. Q´>ñQ>Mo H$_©Mmar XyaXyaÀ`m Jmdr OmD$Z {e{~ao KoD$Z cmoH$m§Zm d¡ÚH$s` godm nwadV AgVmV. ~mcg§JmonZ, _mVm d J^m©Mo Amamo½` AmXr {df`m§Mo à~moYZ H$aVmV. S>moù`m§À`m eñÌ{H«$`m, Hw$Qw>§~ {Z`moOZ {e{~ao, Xw^§Jcoë`m AmoR> Am{U Q>miyda ßc°pñQ>H$ gO©ar, hmS>m§Mr XwIUr Aem AZoH$ {deof {e{~am§Mo Am`moOZ H$ê$Z Ë`m joÌmVrc {deof Hw$ec S>m°ŠQ>g©Zm ~mocmdco OmVo. 1 \o$~«wdmar 2001 amoOr g_W© Z{gªJ ñHy$cMm ew^ma§^ Pmcm. `oWo E.EZ.E_. Am{U Or.EZ.E_. ho XmoZ Z{gªJMo Aä`mgH«$_ {eH$dco OmVmV. {edm` nr.Or.S>r.E_.Ec.Q>r. hm n°Wm°cm°OrMm Aä`mgH«$_hr {eH${dcm OmVmo. `m é½Umc`mVrc g_J« gmoB©-gw{dYm§Mo Am{U é½UgodoMo dU©Z H$aÊ`mgmR>r EH$ doJio nwñVH$M {chmdo cmJoc; na§Vw WmoS>Š`mV KoVcocm hm AmT>mdm é½Umc`mÀ`m ^ì`VoMr Am{U Cn`wº$VoMr H$ënZm XoD$ eHo$c. `m é½Umc`m_mJo lr_hmamOm§Mo Amerdm©X C^o AmhoV Am{U lrH$mH$m _hmamOm§Mo {Z`moOZ, XyaÑï>r Am{U n[al_. é½Umc`mVrc àdoeÛmamVyZ AmV àdoe Ho$ë`mda g_moaM ^ŠVloð> dmcmdcH$agmho~m§Mr _yVu Ñï>rg nS>Vo Va COì`m ~mOyg lr_hmamOm§Mr Ü`mZñW Aer gw§Xa _yVu Amho. Amamo½` àmá hmoD$Z 258 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

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V¡go cmc{h ~mc nmc AdKo Jm§Yr ñdXoer d«Vr && Zgm}n§V{h _mcdr` Zohoê$ AaqdX ~m~y `Vr && H«$m§Vr^º$ Vgo H$arV AgVr Oo àmUhr An©U && Vo Xodmo {Zdam Vwcm VwOàVr ajmoV gmao OU && XÎmm Pmcm{g Vy§ ~m {ÛO JwédMZ| OmU ho gmM AmVm§ && amImoZr Y_© gmao Z_w{Z JwéOZm§ hmoB§ Vy§ VËddoÎmm && Jmo_mVoVo nwOmoZr à{V{XqZ H$[a Vy§ `k`mJm{X AmVm§ && nmimoZr ~«÷M`m© {ZOHw$c ^wfdt gy`e| Vy§ gwH$mÝVm && Xmñ`mÀ`m n§H$s¨ AmOr éV{c ^aV^y XrZhr hmo` AmVm§ && \$moS>r AË`§V Q>mhmo {VOà{V ~gVr ZrM nmümË` cÎmm && _mJ| {H$Ë`oH$ Pmco ~hþ {dY AgVr AmOhr amï´>^º$ && V¡gmMr hmoB§ Vy§ ~m PS>H$[a¨ H$[a¨ hr qhX^y Xmñ`_wº$ && Oodt lram_Xmg| H$ê${Z Vn ~hÿ am_ Ho$cm àgÞ && Vodt Ëdm§ H$ï>dmoZr {ZOVZw H$[a¨ ~m e{º$ AmYrZ nyU© && VoU| e{º$ à^mdo§ ~hþ{dY VwOcm cmoH$ XoVrc _mZ && Ë`m§Vo§ cmdt gwn§Wm àH$Q>{d öX`t ewÕ Xoem{^_mZ && _mPo ~wÕrà_mU| VwOà{V dXcm| O| {Xgo `mo½` _mV| && Vy V| KoÊ`mg ~mim g_q` àñVwVMo KoB§ _moX§o à_moX| && ào_mMr ^oQ> XÎmm VwOà{V {XYcr ~§YwZ| hrM EH$ && R>odt {MÎmr gX¡d, VwOà{V à^w Vmo R>oD§$ Xo gyIê$n &&

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1 Vo 10 lrgX²Jwê$ dmgwXodmZ§V gañd{V VWm lr~m~m _hmamO 11. lrg§V b. J. ~mnQ> 12. lrg§V `ed§Vamd H$m{eZmW nam§Ono 13. lrñdm_r ñdê$nmZ§X 14. lrg§V grVmam_~wdm dmbmdbH$a 15. lr. aKwZmWamd Ho$edamd Omoer 16. lr. AemoH$amd aKwZmWamd Omoer 17. lr. lrYan§V JUoe Omoer 18. lr. XrZmZmW Zm. ~mUmdbr 19. lr. H$_bmH$an§V b. dmbmdbH$a 20. lr. H$_bmH$an§V b. dmbmdbH$a 21. lr. H$_bmH$an§V b. dmbmdbH$a 22. gm¡. {Z_©bm~mB© ZriH§$R>amd Iao 23. lr. {dídZmW X. à^wXogmB© 24. lr. ~mnwamd ^mQ>dS>oH$a 25. lr. _YwH$an§V {d. H$mio 26. lr. _YwH$an§V {d. H$mio 27. lr. _YwH$an§V {d. H$mio 28. lr. _YwH$an§V {d. H$mio 29. S>m°. h[a^mD$ ^m. AmR>ë`o 30. S>m°. h[a^mD$ ^m. AmR>ë`o 31. lr. h[a Zmam`U Vm§~o

n[a{eï> - 3 / 263

n¥ð> H«$. 265 275 275 276 278 282 283 285 288 288 289 291 292 294 295 296 296 297 298 300 301 303

32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

lr. O. H¥$. AmR>dbo gm¡. H$_bm~mB© n. eodS>o Hw$. eHw§$Vbm J. eodS>o lr. g. O. g|{OV lr. ~{iam_ amOo{eH}$ lr. ~mimgmho~ nmZdiH$a lr. amdVoH$mH$m d dg§Vamd dmbmdbH$a lr. amdVoH$mH$m d dg§Vamd dmbmdbH$a lr. AZ§V g. ~mJbH$a lr. ZmQ>oH$a _m_m d {^S>o H$mH$m lr. Or. Ama. gmZo doXnmR>emim, nwUo lr. {dÇ>b AmßnmOr gaXogmB© d BVa XmoKo Mr\$ H$ÝQ—>moba, ñQ>oQ> Q—>mÝgnmoQ>©, _w§~B© {S>pìhOZ

304 305 306 307 308 309 311 314 317 320 321 324 326 328

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264 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

1. à{V - lrgX²²Jwê$ ~m~m _hmamO ghò~wÕo , nwUo. Ÿ&& lr && && › VV² gV² && && lrgÒþado Z_: &&

H$m{V©H$ ew && 6, 1873 a{ddma {X. 4-11-51 aËZm{Jar

lrgÒþéMaUr§ {ÌH$mc _ñVH$ R>oD$Z {eagmï>m§J Z_ñH$ma. {dkmnZm Aer H$s§, {M. _mYd JmoS>~moco `m§O~amo~a lrgÒþé {XJ§~a~m~m `m§À`m Aën n[aM`mM§o _m{hVrnÌH$ nmR>{dco| Amho. g_mYr ~m§YÊ`mMo§ H$m_ gmdS>} `oW§o hmoUma Amho. nm¡f ew.12 `m {Xder§ {ZXmZ g_mYr ~m§YyZ ìhmdr. AmnU g_W© Amhm§V. Var H¥$nm Amerdm©X Amho Ë`mà_mUo OmJVrH$ ÑîQ>çm H$m`© gwê$ Amho§. _r chmZ _yc. Ë`m§V OS>Ord. AmnU gd© H$m` H$amc V| Ia|. _r {Z{_Îmmcm emn ^moJÊ`mM§o H$m_ gwê$ Amho. g§noc. Amncr H¥$nmnmIa gX¡d. _wc§o MwH$VmV. AmB©Mo ào_ AJmY. g§Vm§À`m H¥$nmN>ÌmImcr àmaãY ^moJrV. ewÕr lrAdYyV H$arV AmhoV. `m nwT§>o àË`j ^oQ>r§V g{dñVa. n¡go O_{dÊ`mMo H$m_mH$[aVm§ _w§~B©g `oB©Z Ë`mdoir§ nwÊ`mg `oB©Z. nyd©àmaãY H$_m©à_mU§o Oo§ hmoV Amho V§o H$ë`mUH$maH$M Amho. OmñV H$m` {ch§ÿ. AmnUm§g {d{XV Ho$co Amho. AmnU gd© OmUV Amhm§M Var ~mc^mdmZo§ Aën V§o {d{XV Ho$c§o. VrW©àgmX, A§Jmam nmR>dm. g§ajU H$aVm§M. gd© g§Vm§g Z_ñH$ma. godoer§ lwV hmo` ho {dkmnZm. lr g§V JÐo, {c_`o, JmoS>~moco gd© jo_. g§VMaUaO, {d. J. Omoer.

2. ( _yi nÌ _moS>rV Amho ) && lr JwéXod XÎmmÌo`m` Z_: && && › lr gÒþé {XJ§~am` Z_: && e{Zdma, {X. 25.6.49

lr g§Vloð> ñdñdmZwg§YmZr na_nmdZ `moJramO nyU©~«÷ñdê$n A{Ic OJV²VmaH$ ^`{ZdmaH$ lrgÒþé {XJ§~a~m~mñdê$n amdgmho~ ghò~wÕo _mPr na_nyÁ` AmB©Mo MaUr AZÝ`^mdo§ Z_ñH$ma. gmï>m§J X§S>dV {dkmnZm Aer H$s Am§Jmam àgmX {_imcm na_ AmZ§X Omhcm. gÒþéH¥$no|-H$ê$Z Amnë`m H¥$noZo `oW§o am{hcmo Amho. gd© gm§^mi H$aUma AmB© g_W© Amho. lrgÒþéZo O| XmI{dVmV Vo n[a{eï> - 3 / 265

nmhmV AgVm§o. eº$sMm Ioi Mmcy Amho. Zm_ñ_aU Ë`mM§o VmoM H$arV AgVmo. g§VH¥$nm h|M _mPo na_^m½`. AmVm§ lr`wV gmVnwVo _hmamO hoS>ŠcmH©$ nmoñQ>c gwn[aQ>|S>|Q> ho OmV AmhoV. AZwJ«{hV g§V AmhoV. Ë`m§Oda H¥$nm Agmdr. gm§^mi ìhmdm. loð>m§g Ìmg Úmdm cmJVmo. na§Vw OJV Mm§Jë`m àH$mao Mmcmdo§ åhUyZ Ordm§Mm gm§^mi d CÕma Amnë`mH$S>o. _r AkmZ ~mcH$. \$º$ h_mcrMo H$m_ H$arV Amho. VrM à^wH¥$nm hmo`. _R>m§Vrc gd©Ìm§g Z_ñH$ma d Amnë`mH$S>o `oUmao gd© g§Vm§g Z_ñH$ma. lr. JÐo _hmamO R>rH$, am. am. JmoS>~moco _hmamO dH$sc gd©M jo_. {M. _Yy JmoS>~moco jo_. na`mMo Amir§Vrc gd©Ì jo_. H¥$nm àgmX {ZË` Agmdm. ñdê$nr§ _Z amhÿZ JwéMaUr§ ÑT> lÕm Agmdr hrM {dkmnZm. g§VMaUaOgodH$, lrgÒþé {XJ§~aMaUXmg {dÇ>c JUoe Omoer › lrJwéXod XÎmmÌo`mn©U_ñVw. gH$cg§V {d^yVtg Z_ñH$ma. Am{Xñdê$nmg Z_ñH$ma.

3. && lr && && › VV² gV² Ÿ&& && lr gÒþado Z_: &&

Amamo½` {dlm§Vr J¥h amZS>o amoS>, XmXa 28, ~r.~r. {X. 1.6.52

lrgÒþéMaUr§ ~mcHo$ {dÇ>c `mMm {ÌH$mc MaUr§ _ñVH$ R>Do $Z {eagmï>mJ§ Z_ñH$ma. {dkmnZm Aer H$s§ :Amncm {Zamon KoD$Z {ZKmcm§o. "lr'H¥$noZo `oWo| gwIê$n `oD$Z nmohmoMcmo. àmaãY H$_© OmoaXma, eara àmaãY ^moJrV Amho. gXmo{XV ñd-ñdê$nmZwg§YmZ Agmdo d lrgÒþé{Zð>m ÑT> ìhmdr hrM H¥$nm`mMZm. coH$amda H¥$nmnm§Ia Agmdr. _wco AkmZr§ MwH$VmV AmB©M Ë`m§Zm gm§^miVo. An§J _wcmH$S>o AmB©Mo cj OmñV AgVo§. _r eãXmZ§o H$m` {ch§ÿ. _r ZmhrM. H$m` Amho V§o VwåhrM. `§Ì `m§{ÌH$mH$Sy>Z Mmc{dco OmV Amho. lrg§V ~mnQ> _hmamO, lr. ~mB©, lr. Omoer~wdm d lr. H$mio AmXr gdmªg Z_ñH$ma. _R>m§V lrgÒþé ~rS>H$a _hmamO g_mYrg d g_ñV XodVm§Zm gmï>m§J Z_ñH$ma. H¥$nmàgmX nmR>dmdm. lr. OmoJioH$a (`m§Zm) Z_ñH$ma, EH$Ord AmhoV. ñdê$nr§ a_VmV. lr. Omdio d lr. g§gmao Xe©ZmH$[aVm§ `oUma AmhoV. H¥$nm Amho VrM Agmdr. Vo _cm `oWo gm§^miVmV. gd© g§V EH$M VÎdm§V {_gicoco AmhoV. lr. gmVnwVo gmho~ Amë`mg Ë`m§Moda H¥$nm 266 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Agmdr. ^{º$_mZ Ord AmhoV. gd©Ì ñÌrnwéf ê$nmZ§o ZQ>coë`m Ë`m na_mË_ ñdê$nmcm eVe: à{UnmV AgmoV. lrgÒþéMaUr§ Xoh nS>mo, godm KS>mo, g§V g‚mZ ^oQ>r d ghdmg Agy Xo. Ordm§H$maUo§ godm KS>mdr. g§H$ënmVrV hmoD$Z ñdñdê$nm§V, chmZmV chmZ hmoD$Z, AI§S> a__mU ìhmdo§ hrM H¥$nm`mMZm. H¥$nmàgmX nmR>dmdm. d{S>cm§Mo godoer§ lwV hmo` ho {dkmnZm. Amncm _wcJm, g§VMaUaO, {d. J. Omoer

4. Ÿ&& › VV² gV² Ÿ&& && lr gÒþéamO _mCcr Ÿ& lrgÒþéamO AmË_mam_Ÿ&& Amamo½` {dlm§Vr J¥h amZS>o amoS>, XmXa 28, ~r.~r. {X. 10.10.52

lrgÒþé ~m~m§Mo MaUr§ {ÌH$mc _ñVH$ R>oD$Z ~mcHo$ {dÇ>c `mMo {eagmï>m§J Z_ñH$ma. g_m{Y_§{XamMo H$m_ AÚmn Omoam§V gwê§$ Zmhr§. na§Vw Amnë`m H¥$noZ§o cdH$aM Omoa hmoB©c Aer ImÌr Amho. _cm H$O© \$ma. H$Yr§ _moH$im H$amc Vmo gw{XZ. _r chmZ _yc. na_oœañdê$n AmnU A§V`m©_r§ amhÿZ Ogo Mmcdmc, Vgo ho `§Ì Mmcoc. _cm Ah§H$ma ZH$mo. nmnnwÊ` ZH$mo. \$º$ Amncr AZÝ` ^º$s Úm. _r Zœa H$m` _mJmdo ? Xohm~amo~a gd© Jmoï>r R>acoë`mM AmhoV. Xod ^`§H$a àmaãY^moJ nwT>o§ gmê$Z n[ajm nhmV Amho d ^cVoM H$_©^moJ nwT>o§ `oV AmhoV. na§Vw _r Vo H$m§ AìhoamdoV ? ^moJZy g§ndrV Amho. gaoc Voìhm§ _J {c{hÊ`mMo ^mZ Var H$go Caoc ? gd© g§V EH$. Amnë`m ñdê$nm§V AmOda gdmªZm nmhmV Amcmo. _cm H¥$nmàgmX A§Jmam g§ajU nmR>dm. AmnU 1930 gmcr gm§{JVco H$s Iyn OoD$Z ñdñW Pmonm§. chmZ _wcm§M§o IamoIaM h§o H$m_. na§Vw AÚmn V§o nyU©nUo O_V Zmhr. Amnë`m H¥$noZ§o Ho$ìhm§ nyU©nUo O_oc Vo§ Ia|. VyV© g_m{YH$m`m©V Amho. AmnUmcm {chÿZ H$i{dUo§Mr Oê$a Zmhr. AmnU {ÌH$mckmZmZ§o A§V`m©_r ~mcH$mcm OmUyZ g§a{jV Amhm§VM. AmnUM åhQ>ë`mà_mU§o _mPo EH$_od nwañH$V}. Ë`m{edm` AmZ H$moUmH$S>o nmhmdo. _m`~mn Vy§ {M gÒþég_Wm© Ÿ& Ü`mZ ho§ VÎdVm ~mUmo§ {ZË` && 1 && n[a{eï> - 3 / 267

AI§S> AZwgY § mZ ñdê$nt cmJmdo Ÿ& Û¡V Z ^mgmdo§ jU^ar && 2 && Ah§H$ma nyU© Omdmo {dc`mgr Ÿ& {MXmZ§Xmnmer {MÎm amhmo && 3 && A§Var§ gÒþé am{hcm AmnU Ÿ& Ë`mMo MaUr§ _Z JwV§ mo gXm && 4 && Xmg åhUo _O EH$ ^º$s XoU§o Ÿ& ñdê$nr§ R>odUo AI§S>rV && 5 &&

gd© ~§Y^w {JZrg d _R>mV§ rc gdmªg Z_ñH$ma. d{S>cm§Mo godgo r lwV hmo` ho {dkmnZm. Amnco ~mcH$, {d. J. Omoer

5. Ÿ&& lr && C/o ~r.Ama.{c_`o, \$mQ>H$ `m§Mo Ka,

Ÿ&& › VV² gV² Ÿ&& && lrgÒþadoZ_: &&

ImcMr Amir, _w.nmo.Vm.aËZm{Jar {X. 13.1.53

lrgÒþé ~m~m§Mo MaUr§ ~mcHo|$ {dÇ>c `mMo {ÌH$mc _ñVH$ R>oD$Z {eagmï>m§J X§S>dV² Z_ñH$ma. {dkmnZm Aer H$s§, nÌ nmdco. H¥$nmAmerdm©XmV ZdM¡VÝ`mMr ^a nS>cr. _cm XoUo§ Amho. lrgÒþé§Zm {d{XV Amho. lrgÒþéH¥$noZo Xod Ë`mMr ì`dñWm H$arc. amoO EH$ cj én`o Amnë`m noT>rda _wcmMo O_m AmhoV. OJm§V lr_§V EH$ na_mË_m. Ë`mÀ`m{edm` H$moUr lr_§V Zmhr. VmoM gd© H$mhr Jmoï> KS>dVmo h§o Amnco dMZ nyU©nUo Ü`mZm§V Amho. lrgÒþéamOH¥$noZo§ Xa_hm H$mhr Var _XV OmV amhrc. _cm MaUnmXwH$m àË`j nm{hOoV. àmaãY ^moJyZ g§ndrV Amho. IoX H$aUo H$emcm ? lrgÒþéê$n {ZË` AZwg§YmZmV amhmo. d lrgÒþéMaUr§ ÑT> {Zð>m amhmo h§oM _mJU§o. _cm g§^mim. {ZË` H¥$nmàgmX, {Xì` eº$s, lrgÒþé§À`m _ZmV `oVm§M XoVrc. _r H$m§ _mJmdo ? Ak Ordmcm H$m` hd§o Vo lrgÒþéamO _mD$crcm g_OV Amho. _wcm§Mo ~a§o dmB©Q> lrgÒþé_mCcrcmM _mhrV. eãXm§Zr H$m` {c{hUo§ ? lrg§V ~mnQ> _hmamO, lrg§V Xoenm§S>o, lrg§V ~mB©, lrg§V Jwáogmho~, d¡Ú cmJy, lrg§V H$mio, Omoer, OmoJioH$a Am{X gd©Ìm§g ào_i Z_ñH$ma. _R>m§V lr _hmamO MaUr§, lr {ed, lr {dÇ>caIw_mB©, lr JUoe, lr _méVr, lr OJX§~m, AZ§V na_oœamcm Z_ñH$ma. JOmZZ `ed§V JmoIco `mg AZoH$ Amerdm©X. lrgÒþégodm H$amdr. Ë`mZo M[aVmW© Mmcoc. H¥$nmg§nmXZm[edm` AÝ` H$mhr§M Zmhr. lr_§V JÐo jo_. lr. {c_`o jo_. H¥$nmàgmX nmR>dmdm. godogr lwV hmo` ho {dkmnZm lrgÒþé~mcH$, {d. J. Omoer 268 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

6. && lr gX²>JwéamO àgÞ Ÿ&& C/o nm§S>w aJ§ amd _a~ùir

4/6/23, Vmc_¸$s dmS>r, VmS>Xod amoS>, _w§~B©. {X. 24.11.53

lrgÒþé~m~m§Mo MaUr§ {ÌH$mc _ñVH$ R>oD$Z ~mcH|o$ {dÇ>c `mMo {eagmï>m§J Z_ñH$ma. {dkmnZm Aer H$s§, Amnë`m Amkoà_mUo§ lr. am. am. nm§Sw>a§Jamd _a~ùir `m§Mgo h 3/10 Mo _ocZo§ {ZKyZ gm`§H$mir§ 7Ÿ& cm `oWo§ `oD$Z gwIê$n nmohm|Mcm|. AmVm§ AmnU R>o{dë`mà_mUo§ lr. am. am. nm§Sw>a§Jamd _a~ùir `m§Mo Kar§ CVacm§o Amho. R>odmc {VVH$m amhrZ. Z§Va aËZm{JarhÿZ 20 Vo 21 {S>g|~aMo gw_mamg lrgÒþê$ `mÌohÿZ naV Amë`mda, ltMo§ Xe©ZmgmR>r `oÊ`mMr ltMr Amkm Amho Ë`mà_mUo `oB©Z. aËZm{Jarg Joë`mda lr H$a{dVrc Ë`mà_mUo Bï>oQ>rMr gd© dmQ>n dJ¡ao ì`dñWm H$arZ. ltMr BÀN>m Agë`mg Bï>oQ> amhrc.$AÝ` _mJm©Zo§ XoÊ`mMr ì`dñWm ltZm {dXrV Ho$ë`mà_mUo§ hmoB©c. _r - __ ~mocr ì`W©M Pmcr Amho. lrgÒþé§dm§MyZ {dœm§V AmZ H$m§hr§M Zmhr. eãXmZo H$m` {c{hco§ OmUma? lrgÒþê$ öX`_§{Xam§V am̧{Xdg amhÿZ, A{^ÞVoZo ñd`§oM gd© H$arV AmhoV. \$º$ eãXm§V Û¡V ^mgV§o EdT>§oM. `m nojm gd© EH$M. A`wÜ`m AmVm gd©Ì Amho. Ë`m_wio A`moÜ`oM|M d¡{eîR>ç \$º$ lram_mÀ`m AdVma g_már_wio§. Vmo lram_ àË`j nwÊ`m§VM amhU|Mm Amho. VrM A`moÜ`m gd©Xm d§Ú Amho d Ë`mcm ~hþV df} H$mcmdYr Amho. nwÊ`m§V Ka-~JrMm, Amdmamgh Pmë`mda nwT>| BVa Jmoï>tMm {dMma lr ñdm_r g_W© AmkoZwgma hmoB©c. lr. nm§Sw>a§Jamd lr. H$H$s©emór AmXr gd©M _§S>ir jo_. lrJwéH¥$noZo§ gm¡. éŠ_m~mB© jo_ Amho. lrMaUr§ {VMr AZÝ`lÕm Amho. lr. {dîUy {MniyUH$a `oD$Z ^oQ>cm Ë`mcm ZmoH$ar Zmhr lr H¥$noZ§o cdH$aM cmJoc. ltMr Ë`mÀ`mda H¥$nm AmhoM. lr. em§Vmam_ Am§{~`o d \$S>Ho$ R>rH$ AmhoV. darc gdmªMo lrMaUr AZ§V Z_ñH$ma {d{XV AgmdoV. lr. H$mio, AmioH$a, XmVma, Omoer Hw$iJm§d, ^Q>, OmoJioH$a, Am§~oH$a, {MVio, WÎmo, JmoIco d gd© Jwé~§Yy§g Z_ñH$ma. AmaVr am_M§Ðm & gÒþé ~m~m nyUM © Ч m & namËna AmË_ê$nm & ~moYgy`m© H¥$nm H$am Ÿ&& 1 && n§M^yV|-_Z-~wÕr & Ah§H$ma-{MÎm g§Yr & Eogr Aï>Ym àH¥$Vr & V`|VyZr§ nma nmS>m Ÿ&& 2 && kmZÁ`moVr nmOimoZ & Oimo Ah§^md nyU© & ^dZXr n¡cWS>t§ & ZoBª Amåhm§ `moJœ o am && 3 && H$ënZmOmi gma| & Q>mH$s§ g§hê$Zr Ëda| & {MXmZ§X AmË_gm¡»` & XoB© H¥$noÀ`m XmVmam && 4 &&

n[a{eï> - 3 / 269

jamja `m§gr§ na & nwéfmoÎm_ Jwê$da Ÿ& {ZamH$mar {Zah§H$ma & VoW ZoBª Jm qH$H$am§ Ÿ&& 5 && {ZOmZ§Xr gd©H$mi & R>odr§ ñdê$nr§ {Z_©i & Xmg {dRy> MaUr§ cmJo Ÿ& öX`r§ Ü`mVmo Jwê$dam && 6 &&

&& lrgÒþéMaUmaqdXmn©U_ñVw Ÿ&& godoer lwV hmo` ho {dkmnZm chmZ _yc, {d. J. Omoer

7. Ÿ&& lr && C/o ~r.Ama.{c_`o

Ÿ&& › VV² gV² Ÿ&& Ÿ && lr gX²>Jwado Z_: Ÿ&&

~m°ÊS> am`Q>a, ~§Xa amoS> aËZm{Jar {X. 1.2.54

lrgÒþé _mCcr ~m~m§Mo MaUt {ÌH$mc _ñVH$ R>oD$Z ~mcH|$ {dÇ>c `mMo {eagmï>m§J Z_ñH$ma {dkmnZm Aer H$s¨ :lr g§V {XJ§~a~m~m§Mm CËgd CaHy$Z aËZm{Jarg Amcmo. gmo~V lr.dmcmdcH$a `m§Zr {Xcocm A§Jmam d àgmX OmV Amho. gd© ~§Yy§Zm Amnco {Zamon gm§{JVco AmhoV. dmQ>nmMo H$m_ lr.{c_`o `m§Zr hmVt KoVc§o Amho. lrgÒþé BÀN>oà_mUo Bï>oQ> R>odUoM Va Vr lrgÒþê§$ Zm§d§oM amhrc. àmaãYH$_m©Zwgma H$O© OÝ_OÝ_m{O©V dmS>d{S>cm{O©V XoU| Vr ì`dñWm lrgÒþê§$Mo H$mZmda AmhoM. Ë`m à_mUo `m _{hÝ`mV à`ËZ H$aUma Amho. _r d lrgÒþé `mV ^oX ZmhtM. eara \$º$ nwÊ`mg na§Vw AI§S> dmñVì` öX`m§V Amh§o. \$º$ Ord^mdmZo {^ÞVm, Vr hr godoH$[aVm§. _mPr Bï>oQ> H$m` Amho ? Amho Zmhr gd© EH$ gÒþê§$Mo \$º$. _r Ë`m§ZrM {Z_m©U Ho$cocm Zm_YmaH$. `mnojm lrgÒþéMaUr OmñV eãX| {ZdoXZ H$m` H$aUma ? lrgÒþé BÀN>oà_mUo Ë`m§Zr `m _wcmOdi dmñVì` H$aÊ`mMo R>a{dc|. V|M gd© H$arV AmhoV `m~Ôc e§H$m Zmhr. lr.Jw.~§Yy _a~ùir Jmoì`mg Joco AmhoV. Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVë`mà_mUo Ë`m§Zr à`ËZ Ho$co AmhoV. ltZm eãXt {c{hÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr. Omo A§V`m©_mV am̧{Xdg amhÿZ gd© {dœmMo ì`dhma A{cáËdo OmUVmo, Ë`mcm _r Vy§nUmZo H$m` {chmd| d H$g|o {chmd| ? na§Vw _wcmMo ~mo~S>o ~moc EoHy$Z _mVocm AmZ§X hmoVmo d Vr Ë`mM ~mo~S>çm ~mocmZo Ë`mM§o H$m¡VwH$ H$aVo. Jwé{eî`ê$nmZo lrgÒþéM Amnco AmnU ZQy>Z gd© Jmoï>r AH$V}nUmZo H$adrV AmhoV, `mnojm§ OmñV Zmhr§. dmUr ñVãYmdVo. eãX Anwam nS>Vmo. 270 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

AmVmn`ªV gm§^mi lrgÒþéM H$aVmV _J nwT>Mr H$miOr _cm H$emcm ? _r nUm CJmM ZH$mo. Vmo ""_r'' nyU©nUo 1 Am°JñQ>Mo AJmoXa lrMaUr§ An©U Omhcm Amho. `oWrc H$m_| nwar§ hmoVm§M H$i{dVm| d ^oQ>rg `oVmo. nwT>o earamZo lrgÒþé OoWo R>odVrc VoWo d Vem AdñW|V amhrZ. Xa _{hÝ`mg nÌ OmV amhrcM. lrñdm_r MaUr§, lrgÒþé ~rS>H$a _hmamO MaUr§ d gd© XodXodVm§g AZ§V Z_ñH$ma. EH$ lrgÒþéMaUr§ Z_ñH$ma åhUOo gdmªg {_imcmM, na§Vw ì`dhma åhUyZ {c{hU§o. _R>mVrc nm§Sw>a§J, e§H$a, _méVr, JUnVr, XÎmamO, gd© XodXodVm d ~mnQ>_hmamO d BVa gd© _hmamOm§Mo g{ÞY Agcoë`m gd© ñdê$nm§g Z_ñH$ma. lrMaUm§Mo Xe©Zmg `oUmè`m, ltMo gm{ÞÜ`mV AgUmè`m gd©Ìm§g Z_ñH$ma. _r chmZ ~mcH$, ltZr H¥$nm Amerdm©X, eº$s {Xë`mgM Mmcy ~mocy eH$Uma. lr. Jw. ~§Yw XmVmam§Mo nÌ {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. ^m½`dmZ _r chmZ Amho. lrgÒþéH¥$noZo _cm gm§^mim. lrgÒþégodno aVo ^m½` Zmhr. lr. Jw. ~§Yy H$mio `m§g Z_ñH$ma. godoer lwV hmo` ho {dkmnZm chmZ _yc, {d. J. Omoer.

8. && lr && C/o ~r.Ama.{c_`o

Ÿ&& › VV² gV² Ÿ&& Ÿ && lr gX²>Jwado Z_: Ÿ&&

~m°ÊS> am`Q>a, ~§Xa amoS> aËZm{Jar {X. 12/4/54

lrgÒþé _mCcr ~m~m§Mo MaUr§ {ÌH$mc _ñVH$ R>oD$Z ~mcH|$ {dÇ>c `mMo {eagmï>m§J Z_ñH$ma {dkmnZm Aer H$s¨ :lrgÒþé ~rS>H$a _hmamO `m§Mr nwÊ`{VWr ImZy `oWo Omhcr. XodñWmZ VyV© ImZygM Amho. éÐ d nd_mZ EH$mXîUr Omhcr. lrH¥$noZo gd© `Wmgm§J Omhc§o. Ë`mdoir§ XodmnwT>o Amcoë`m EH§$Xa n¡em§Mr én`o Xhm§Mr _{ZAm°Sa>© _R>mV§ lrg§V ~mnQ> _hmamO `m§MHo $S>o nañna nmR>d{dcr Amho. lr MaUt {d{XV ìhmd§.o amÌr AmaË`m d àdMZ§o Omhcr. gd© {Xdg M[aÌ dmMZ Omhc|. `Wmeº$s _§S>ir àgmXmcm hmoVr. lrM gd© H$adyZ KoV AmhoV. ImZy `oWo JwéZmW Zm_| nmonQ> Amcocm Amho. lrMaUr§ lwV ìhmd§o. n[a{eï> - 3 / 271

lrñdm_r O`§Vr Omhcr. éÐmMr EH$mXîUr Omhcr. lrñdm_r nwÊ`{VWr VoW|M hmoB©c. ñdV§Ì OmJo{edm` XodñWmZ hmcdU§o `mo½` Zmhr. lr._a~ùir Jmoì`mhÿZ Jm§dr§ Joco AmhoV. dmQ>nmMo H$m_ AÚmn ê$imda `oV Zmhr. lr.{c_`m§Mr _Ü`ñWrhr AÚmn \$imcm `oV Zmhr. AmVm ZdrZ df© gwê$ Omhc|. AmVm lr MaUt§ gm§{JVë`mà_mUo XmoZ à`ËZ H$aUma Amho. lrM Vo `mo½`doir H$adyZ KoVrc d gmao R>rH$ hmoBc © . nÌo nmoï>mV§ Q>mH§ $Vm§M H$idrZ. ltMr àH¥$Vr A{cH$S>o dma§dma R>rH$ Zmhr. H¥$fVm \$ma Ag| g_OV| Var H$miOr ¿`mdr, h`J` ZH$mo. Aer {dkmnZm Amho. AÞgodZ H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. EH$Xm§ gd© H$O© XoD$Z _moH$im Pmcm| H$s§ gwQ>cm|. {nVamoÕma d àmaãYH$_©^moJ lrM ^moJyZ g§ndrV AmhoV d ltZm AZ§V l_ `m _wcmH$[aVm§ hmoV AmhoV, `m ~Ôc _Zmcm dmB©Q> dmQ>V§o. Amkm hmoB©c d lr ZoVrc Ë`mdoit ^oQ>rcm `oB©Z. lr H$adyZ KoVmV Ë`mà_mUo gd© Mmcc§o Amho. A§Va§Jr§ AmUr ~mhoar Ÿ& gd©Ì lrgÒþê$M MamMat & [aVm R>md {dœm_mPmar Ÿ& V`mdrU Zmhr && Eogo AgVr __ gÒþê$ Ÿ& _r Vm| V`m§Mo Ak co§H$ê§$ & A§Var ~¡gco lrgÒþê$ Ÿ& `oVwc|M R>md| && gd© H$Vm© AmUr H$a{dVm Ÿ& nmnnwÊ`m§gr KS>{dVm & gwIXw:Im§gr ^moJ{dVm Ÿ& EH$ {M ~mny && Vmo {M gd©Ì ZQ>cm Ÿ& AmnU{M ^yVm^mg| {dIwacm & nar AI§S> Ago namËnê$ R>ocm Ÿ& Z _moS>Vm§ hr Ÿ&& Eogm AmZ§XmMm _yi gmJa Ÿ& Vmo {M _mPm gÒþê$ gd}ída Ÿ& gH$i {dœmgr V`mMm AmYma Ÿ& åhUmoZ Mmco && A§Vagmjr gd©kmVm Ÿ& kmZmkmZm {dahrVm & Ho$di gÎmoMmhr ^Vm© Ÿ& gm{jËd| Omo H$s¨ && Vmo Amåhm§gmR>r gJwU Omhcm Ÿ& Ho$di AmZ§XmMm nwVim & M¡VÝ`mMmM H$s¨ nmVcm Ÿ& H¥$nmiy Wmoa && gX` gH¥$n gH$im§gr Ÿ& H¥$nmÑï>r ~mcH$m§ ajr & Akm{Z`m§ gkm{Z`m§gr Ÿ& g_Ëd§o nmhr && lr gX²Jêw $~m~m _mCcr Ÿ& hr Vmo XohmnwaVr ~mocr & nar gX²Jé w crcm d{U©cr Ÿ& Ho$dt Om`Ÿ&& öX`t AI§S> amhVr Ÿ& AmUr Xmgm§ g§a{jVr & H¥$nmH$Q>mj§o, ñ_aU|M XoVr Ÿ& AmË_kmZ && 272 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Eo{e`m Jwé_mD$crM| gJwUê$n Ÿ& nmhVm§ dmQ>o gwI A_yn & åhUmoZ àmWu {ednXt, gH¥$n Ÿ& ìhmd| Ë`m§gr && Amåhm§ Ak ~mcm§H$maU| Ÿ& lr gÒþê$$ _yVr© EoetM R>odU| Ÿ& AmUr ì`mYr {ZagmoZr H$aU| Ÿ& Amamo½` V`m§ && h| Vm| Aën_VrM| ~mocU| Ÿ& nar KS>o ào_^a| dXU| & Zm Var lr gX²>Jé w _mCcr OmU§o Ÿ& gdmªV`m©_ && Eoem lr gX²Jé w MaUr§ d§XZ Ÿ& dma§dma ~mcH$ H$ê$Z & àmWu gX`m H¥$nm H$amoZ Ÿ& ~miH$mgr gm§^mir Jm && && lrgÒþê$MaUmaqdXmn©U_ñVw Ÿ&&

11 12 13 14

gd©Ì _§S>itg `Wm`mo½` Z_ñH$ma. eãXm§Zr H$m` {chÿ§ ? lt Zr {ch{dc| V| {chrc|, _mPo godH$nU {M Caco. lr MaUr§ lwV hmo` ho {dkmnZm. Amncm, lrMaU godH$ chmZ _yc {dÇ>c

9. && lr &&Ÿ C/o

~r.Ama.{c_`o ~§Xa amoS>, aËZm{Jar {X. 17/2/1954

› VËgV² Ÿ& lrgÒþado Z_: Ÿ&

lrgÒþé _mCcr ~m~m§Mo MaUr§ {ÌH$mc _ñVH$ R>oD$Z ~mcH|$ {dÇ>c `m§Mo {eagmï>m§J Z_ñH$ma. {dkmnZm Aer H$s¨ lrgÒþé _mD$crH$Sy>Z jo_ ~aoM {Xdgm§V Zm§hr. Var H¥$nm Amerdm©X jo_`wº$ `md| Aer {dkmnZm Amho. lrgÒþé _mD$crMr àH¥$Vr R>rH$ Zmhr Ag| dmQ>V|. Var ImU| {nU| d Am¡fY `m§V h`J` ZH$mo. Amåhm§ chmZ ~mcH$m§g g§ajU d Xe©ZmMo§ ào_ hd| Amho. ltZm H$m§hr§ Amdí`H$ Va H$i{dU| d ~mcH$mH$Sy>Z godm H$adyZ KoU§o. gd©M Jmoï>r _mCcr H$arV Amho. eãXt H$m` {ch§ÿ. gd© n[aMrV _§S>itg Z_ñH$ma. lrñdê$nm§V lrñdm_r g_Wmªg d lr~rS>H$a _hmamO d AZ§V H$moQ>r XodXodVm§g lrMaUr§M Z_ñH$ma. lrgÒþê§$Mo MaUr _Z _mP§o gd©XmM h| amhmo Ÿ& Z dgmo g§gmar§Mo {df`t `m öX`r§ ñdê$§nr amhmo && 1 &&

n[a{eï> - 3 / 273

öX`r§ gÒþéam`m MaUm§Mo§ ~mcH$m KS>mo Ü`mZ Ÿ& {MÎmm Am{UH$ H$m§ht ZM hmodmo AmV V| H$Xm ^mZ && 2 &&

MaUr§ lwV hmo` ho {dkmnZm. lrgÒþéMaUaO, chmZ ~mcH$ {d. J. Omoer.

10. && lr && › VËgV² & lrgÒþado Z_: &

lrg_W© ^moOZJ¥h Eg.Q>r._moQ>ma ñQ>±S>g_moa, aËZm{Jar, {X. 27.7.1954 lrgÒþé _mCcr ~m~m§Mo n{dÌ MaUr§ ~mcH|$ {dÇ>c `mMo {ÌH$mc _ñVH$ R>oD$Z {eagmï>m§J Z_ñH$ma {dkmnZm Aer H$s¨ Jwé_mCcrMr àH¥$Vr AmO _{hZm XrS> _{hZm R>rH$ Zm§hr. Var godHo $[aVm§ Amkm {Xë`mg `oÊ`mMr Vrd« BÀN>m Amho d Xe©ZmMr Vi_i Amho. Var _mCcrZ§o H¥$nmÑï>rZ§o ~mcH$mcm nadmZJr {Xë`mg R>rH$ hmoBc © . _mÂ`mH$[aVm§ H$ï> ZH$moV. OÝ_moOÝ_rM H$ï> AmhoV h§o C_OV Amho. na§Vw hr OmoS>r AerM Amho Vr \w$Q>U§o eŠ` Zm§hr. lr. am. am. _a~ùir `oW§o `oD$Z _w§~B©g Joco. Xe©ZmH$[aVm§ {VH$S>o OmVrc. Ë`m§À`m BÀN>oà_mU§o gd© H$m_| nwat hmoVrc. lr_mCcrM gd© H$m_§o H$adrV Amho. AmVm§ _r Zm__mÌ. _R>mM§o H$m_m~Ôchr _m{hVr {_ioc. V§o H$m_hr Jwé^º$mH$Sy>Z nwa| hmoUma. Ë`mMr VOdrO hmoV Amho. Vgm g§H$ën Amho. _mPr§ AmnU gm§{JVcocr Bï>Qo >rMr§ H$m_| Amnë`m BÀN>ào _mUo§ nwar§ hmoVrc. Ë`mH$[aVm§ H$ï> ZH$mo. _r Vr§ Pmct AgoM § g_OVm§.o _cm Ah§H$ma ZH$mo Vmo _r _mCcrÀ`m MaUr§ An©U Ho$cm. AmVm§ CJmM cQ>H$m H$m§ AmUy.§ lr_mCcrnwT>§o _wcmM§o H$m` MmcUma ? Var hr ltMr BÀN>m Agoc Ë`mà_mU§o hmoBc © . na§Vw gÜ`m X{jUm`Z Amho. AÚmn Amåhmcm nwîH$i Xe©ZmMr d ghdmgmMr BÀN>m Vr _mCcrM nwar H$aUma. earamgmR>r§ WmoS>r Am¡fYr d AÞ KoUM | | Amdí`H$ Var KoUo§ Oê$a. nadmZJr {_iVm§M `oVm§.o godoer§ lwV hmo` ho {dkmnZm. Amncm, MaUaO, chmZ _yc, {dR>m~o m. 274 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

11. à{V - lrg§V b. J. ~mnQ>, lr~rS>H$a _hmamO _R>, nwUo && lr && && › VV² gV² && && lrgÒþado Z_: &&

H$m{V©H$ ew && 6, eHo$ 1873 a{ddma {X. 4-11-51 aËZm{Jar

lrg§V ~mnQ> _hmamO `m§gr {ÌH$mb MaUr _ñVH$ R>oD$Z {eagmï>m§J Z_ñH$ma. {dkmnZm Aer H$s¨, lrgÒþé {XJ§~a~m~m `m§Mr g_mYr ~m§YÊ`mM| gmdS>} Vm. {MniyU `oW| R>ab| Amh|. Ë`m§M| Aën _m{hVrnÌH$ gmo~V nmR>{db| Amh|. Ë`mda AmnU M[aÌm§V {b{hbobmM ûcmoH$ Kmbmdm Ag| Amë`m_wi| Vmo gwadmVrbmM KmVbm Amho. Oer _m{hVr Ambr Ë`m à_mU| {b{hbr Amho. _r bhmZ _yb. AmnU gd© g§V H¥$noMr nmIa KmbrV Amhm§V. _r {Z{_Îm_mÌ. H$m`© gd© AmnUM H$arV AmhmV. `mH$m_r n¡go O_{dÊ`mH$[aVm§ _w§~B©g `oB©Z Voìhm§ nwÊ`mg `oB©Z Ë`mdoit àË`j ~mobU|. lrgX²Jwé$ ~rS>H$a _hmamOMaUt d gd©Ì XodVm§Mo MaUt gmï>m§J à{UnmV gm§Jmdo. gmo~VMr EH$ àV lr. Xoenm§S>o _hmamO `m§g Úmdr. Ë`m§g Z_ñH$ma gm§Jmdo. lr ~mB© `m§g Z_ñH$ma gm§Jmdo. _bm A§Jmam àgmX d H¥$nm Amerdm©X g§ajU nmR>dm. {ZË` AZwg§YmZ Agmdo hm Amerdm©X Úm. dma§dma Xe©Z KS>mo. lr. JÐo g§V jo_. godoer lwV hmo` ho {dkmnZm. Amnbm, g§VMaUaO, {d. J. Omoer

12. à{V - lrg§V `ed§Vamd H$m{eZmW nam§Ono (lrg§V `ed§Vamd H$m{eZmW nam§Ono `m§Zm CÔoeZy {c{hcoco nwT>rc nÌ lrñdm_r ñdê$nmZ§Xm§g lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr dmMyZ XmI{dco hmoV.o ) Ÿ&& › lrJwéXod XÎmmÌo`m` Z_: Ÿ&& C^`Vm§Mr ^oQ>r nyd© `moJm Eogr Ÿ& dmgZm hr Eogr MmcVmho && 1 && ñdê$n AZwgY § mZ gm§àXm` _O Ÿ& gmo@h§ h§g: ~rO _§Ì Amåhm§ && 2 && Xoh _r hm ^md gm§S>md`m `ËZ Ÿ& gmo@h§ ^md| OmU H$arVmh| && 3 && gÒþé {XJ§~a§o Acú`r§ cm{dc§o Ÿ& _yi Xm{d`oc| _mPo§ _O && 4 && `ed§V Vwåhr ZmW gm§àXmB© Ÿ& AmB©H$moZr nmht ^oQ>t Amcm| && 5 && n[a{eï> - 3 / 275

~hþH$mc gmYZ H$amoZr AmnU Ÿ& H$mT>rc§o _§WZ `moJ gma H$_© `moJ Vmohr AmM[acm `oW| Ÿ& OZm Xmd`m§V| Z¡îH$å`©Vm Eogo g§V OZ nhmd§o, d§Xmdo Ÿ& ào_^md§o Omd| eaU V`m§ Ÿ ñdê$n AZwgY § mZ gXm amhmo _O Ÿ& Jwé{Zð>o ÜdO C§Mmdmo Xo {XJ§~a Xmg d§Xr MaUmgr Ÿ& H¥$nm dMZmgr `mM Úmd| g§V MaUt amhmo _mPr _Vr Ÿ& na_-B©œa ^º$s dmT>mo dmT>mo

&& 6 && && 7 && && 8 && && 9 && && 10 && && 11 &&

{d. J. Omoer

13. à{V - lrg§V ñdm_r ñdê$nmZ§X, nmdg, aËZm{JarŸ (lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m dhmiH$a `m§À`m _hmg_mYrZ§Va 13ì`m {Xder lrg§V ñdm_r ñdê$nmZ§X nmdg, `m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm Omo H$mì`_` g§Xe o nmR>{dcm hmoVm, Ë`mMr nmoM _hmamOm§Zr nwT>rc àXrK© H$mì`_` nÌmZo {Xcr hmoVr.) ñdm_r-ñdê$nmZ§X§o Ym{S>cm g§Xoe Ÿ& VoU§o hmo` Vmof {XJ§~a-Xmgm && 1 && gÒþéM § r H$m`m n§MËdr {_imcr Ÿ& àH¥${Vê$n| Pmcr Xe©Z hmZr && 2 && EdT>rM d¥Îmr CM§~icr Am§V Ÿ& AmdoJ Vmo `oV àH¥${V Y_© && 3 && AZm{X, AZ§V, gÒþé {XJ§~a Ÿ& M¡VÝ` Ho$di ê$n Ë`m§M§o && 4 && gm§S>moZr àH¥$Vr ñdê$nt {_imco§ Ÿ& {dœmH$ma| R>oc| A{dZm{eËd && 5 && AmXr OJ-Ì`m namËna Xod Ÿ& Amho gÒþé Xod AmË_ê$n| && 6 && {dœmMm-O{ZVm AmUr g§ajrVm Ÿ& Vodt§ g§hmarVm Xod-Ì` && 7 && Xod-Ì`m§ _yi, _m`oMm ^«Vma Ÿ& Eogm gd}œa ñd`§doÚ && 8 && ›H$mamM| _yi, gmo@h§Mm Omo c` Ÿ& gmo@h§ h§g: hmo` AmoiIU && 9 && AmZ§X gmJa AZmXr g§Mcm Ÿ& {MÝ_` d§Xrcm gX²>Jé w _r Jm && 10 && ZmXmMm Omo ZmX, àH$mem àH$me Ÿ& AUw-aoU§y Á`mg Cn_o `o Zm && 11 && _hV² VÎd A§~a Vo hr§ Cn_o CU| Ÿ& AmH$mem _riU§o O`m _mOr && 12 && g{ƒXmZ§X nXmMo§ O| _yi Ÿ& AmË_m h§o Ho$di Zm_ Á`mgr && 13 && ›VV² gV², `mgr _yi Omo Jm har Ÿ& OmUrdoMr Iar, OmUrd Omo && 14 && AZw^d Ho$di eãXm§Zr§ ~mocUo Ÿ& AeŠ` dU©Z§o - V`m R>m`m§ && 15 && 276 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

E|go Oo AI§S> Anma g§Mc| Ÿ& {MÝ_` ê$n ^c§o Xmgm Ü`mZt gÒþé _mCcr, gÒþé AmË_mam_ & eãXmM§o ho§ H$m_ Zmhr§ VoW _m¡ZM o§ r ñVdZ {Z:eãX Z_Z & AmZ§X AZw^d nyU© àgmX Vmo EoŠ`Ëdo§ g_ag hmodmoZr amhmd§o & Amho-Zmht H$m`o ~mocy§ VoW Eogo§ {MÝ_` MaU Yarco öX`t & VoW {ZË` amht Ü`mZ _¾ A§V~m©ø AdKo g§Mco Jwéam` & Oo Oo R>m`m§ Om` {XR>r _mPr _Z JwV§ drc§o V`m gÒþé R>m`t & ~wÕr Ë`mgr amhr {ZücËd| {MÎmr§ {MÝ_` MaU d§XmoZr Yarco Ÿ& Ah§ _oidrc| Jwé-ê$nm§V gÒþé {XJ§~a _mPm Xodr-Xod & Eogm Amho ^md Xmgm§Var Zmht [aV§o ñWi gÒþê§$Mo drU Ÿ& Eogr d¥Îmr OmU Ho$cr EH$ g§V Oo H¥$nmiy, Y_m©Mo AmYma & AdVma Ho$di B©œamMo V`t g§Vr§ _O H¥$noMr gmD$cr & Amho {ZË` Ho$cr gÒwéH¥$no§ OZZr g_mZ g§ajrVr _O & ñdê$nmZ§X gmM gm§^mirVr g§VmMo§ gm{ÞÜ` AI§S> Á`m Pmc§o & V`m Xw:I R>oc§o H$dUo R>m`m àH¥$VrMo AmdoJ àH¥$Vrg hmoVr & _r Vm§o gm¡»`àm§Vr§ ^ê$Zr Amho§ gÒþéH¥$no§ gmjr ê$no§ _r dV©V & åhUwZr _m`m hmoV Xya _O g§V-gX²>JwéH¥$no§ {MÝ_`mM§o Ü`mZ & VoU§o g_mYmZ gd©H$mi g§Vm§Mm ghdmg KS>mo {Za§Va & ^º$sM§o Vo§ ~i dmT>mo {ZË` Zmhr§ _O V_m, gwImMr Xw:ImMr & nmn-nwÊ`m _mOr Acrá _r g§Vg§J {ZË` AI§S> ñ_aU & {ZË` AZwgY § mZ ñdê$nmM| gÒþé {XJ§~a öX`r§ amhrco & dMZ gË` Ho$co§ lrJwéam`§o AI§S>rV AmVm§ A§Var§ godrZ & EH$ {MÝ_` Ü`mZ YamoZr`m§ M¡VÝ`mMm AmoK AI§S> MmcV & VmoMr _mPm gË` gÒþé AmË_m {XJ§~a Zm_ gmW© V`m§àVr§ & {Xem Á`mgr hmoVr dgZ OmUm A§~a AmUr {Xem {dahrV Jwê$ & åhUw{Z {XJ§~ê$ Zm_ OJt {XJ§~a H¥$n§o {XJ§~ar§ {_ioZ & VoU§o MwH$Vr nyU© OÝ_-_¥Ë`y Zm_m_¥VnmZ AI§S> H$arZ & ê$n _oidrZ Zm_r§-Ë`mMo gH$c g§Vm§gr Jwéê$nm_mOr & nmhmVm| ghOr§ gÒþéH¥$n§o ñdm_r-ñdê$nmZ§Xm EH$Mr _mJU§o & _mPr dmT>drU§o gÒþé{Zð>m d¥Îmr AZwg§YmZr§ amhmo {MÝ_`ê$nr§ & Xmg {XJ§~a gwIr `oUo hmo` n[a{eï> - 3 / 277

&& 16 && && 17 && && 18 && && 19 && && 20 && && 21 && && 22 && && 23 && && 24 && && 25 && && 26 && && 27 && && 28 && && 29 && && 30 && && 31 && && 32 && && 33 && && 34 && && 35 && && 36 && && 37 && && 38 && && 39 && && 40 && && 41 && && 42 && && 43 && && 44 && && 45 &&

Z_Z g§Vm§gr H$ar EH$ ^mdo & H¥$nm-XmZ Úmd§o h|Mr _O && 46 && nS>md§o eara g§Vm§Mr`o Kar§ & _Z§o, dmM§o, earat KS>mo Xmñ` && 47 && g§V g§JVr§V AI§S> AmZ§X & cm^mo _O {ZË` {dZdr hoM § r && 48 && {ÌJwUm§g{hV _m`m ZmVimo Ordmg Ÿ& H$m_-H«$moYm§ dmg Z KS>mo {MÎmr && 49 && OJmMo H$ë`mUr eara doMmd| & XmZ h|Mr Úmdo g§V OZr && 50 && {XJ§~a gÒþé Z_moZr A§Var§ & Xmg Z_ñH$mar ñdê$nmZ§Xm && 51 && && › VV² gV² gmo@h§ h§g: &&

14. à{V - lrg§V grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a, gmdS>} && lr && › VËgV² Ÿ& lrgÒþado Z_: Ÿ&

Ûmam nm§S>waJ§ amd _a~ùir 4-623, Vmc_H$sdmS>r, VmS>Xdo amoS> _w~§ B© - 7 {X. 17/9/1960

lr. am. am. grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a `m§gr H¥$.gm.Z_ñH$ma {d. {d. Amncr§ ņo {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. _r§ gÜ`m§ _w§~B© `oW§o AgyZ AmUIr 20-22 {Xdg Var _w§~B©g OmVrc Ag§o dmQ>Vo§. "lt'À`m _yVuMo H$m_ hmVt KoVc| AgyZ Vo§ nwa§o Pmë`m{edm` OmVm§ `oV Zmhr§. Ë`mZ§Va nwÊ`mg "lt'Mo g_m{YñWmZm§V "lt'Mm OÝ_moËgd {XZm§H$ 2,3 d 4 Zmoìh|~a 1960 `m {Xder§ hmoUma Amho. Ë`m_wi§o Ë`m JS>~S>r§V {Xdg OmUma. Ë`mZ§Va lrgÝV {XJ§~a~m~m§Mo CËgdmMr V`mar H$aUo§ Amdí`H$ Amho. Vr H$ê$Z nm¡f _{hÝ`mMo gwédmVrg {VH$S>o `oÊ`mMm {dMma Amho. lrñdm_tMo _R>mV Z§XmXrnmgmR>r {Xcocm S>~m g§nV Amcm Ago§ AmnU H$i{dco§. Var§ Xwgam ZdrZ S>~m KoD$Z Vmo àW_ AmnUmH$S>o AmUmdm d Vmo CKSy>Z Ë`m§Vrc XmoZ aÎmc Voc ~mOycm H$mT>md§o d Ë`m g~§Y S>ã`m§V 2 aÎmc H$Sy>Voc {_giyZ _J Vmo S>~m lrnmX `mÀ`mH$S>o nmohmo§Mdmdm. åhUOo lrñdm_tnwT>§o Z§XmXrn ì`dpñWV cmdcm OmB©c d VocmMm ImÊ`mg Cn`moJ Ho$cm OmUma Zmhr§. lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m§À`m CËgdmMr V`mar AmnU Zoh_r§à_mU§o H$amcM. Var§ H$m` H$m` ì`dñWm H$aUma V§o nÌr§ {chÿZ H$idmdo. Xadfm©Mm A§XmO Amnë`mcm R>mD$H$ AmhoM. {M.dg§Vm e|~oH$a hmhr CËgdmgmR>r§ AJmoXa AmR> {Xdg `oUma Amho. Ë`mM§o {edUH$m_mMo§ {ejU ì`dpñWV Mmcy AgyZ Ë`mMr àH¥$Vr R>rH$ Amho, Ag§o Ë`mÀ`m Kat H$i{dU§o.

278 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

AmVm _R>mMo Mma Jw§R>o O{_Zr~ÔcMm Iwcmgm nwT>rcà_mU§o H$arV Amho§. 1) [apìhOZ gìh} Pmcr Ë`mdoir§ gd}Aa cmoH$m§Zr§ AmnUm§cm hm _R> H$moUr ~m§Ycm åhUyZ {dMmaco§, d _R> cmoH$m§À`m _XVrZo§ _r§ ñdV: ~m§Ycm Ag§o Vwåhr§ CÎma {Xco§V. Ë`mMr Zm|X Ë`m§Zr§ KoVcr AmhoM. lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m§Mo H$mT>coc§o _m{hVrnÌ Vw_À`m Zm§dMo§ Amho. _R>mgmR>r§ XoUJr O_{dÊ`mÀ`m nmdË`m§da Vw_MrM ghr Amho. gd© IM© Vwåhr§ ñdV:Mo hmVmZo§ Ho$cm Amho d gwédmVrnmgyZ AmOn`ªV 10 df} CËgd Vwåhr§ ñdV:M H$aVm. `m H$m_r§ Oê$a Va H$mhr§ cmoH$m§À`m gmjr XoVm§ `oVrc. 2) lr. aKwZmW ZriH§$R> e|~oH$a, d{hdmQ>Xma, lrXÎm{R>H$mU `m§Zr§ `m H$m_r§ H$mhr§M _XV Ho$cocr Zmhr§ d Ë`mMm nwamdmhr CncãY Zmhr§. {edm` _Ü`§Var§ h§o {R>H$mU Amåhmcm {Xcoc§o Amho d Vo§ Am_Mo§ Amho, Aerhr ^mfm EoH§y$ `oV hmoVr, h§o gd© Jm§dMo amOo cmoH$m§Zm _m{hVr AmhoM. lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m§Mo XhZ^y_rda Vwåhr§ ñdV: Vwierd¥§XmdZ d _mé{V ho gwédmVrnmgyZ R>o{dco AmhoV. _méVrdarc gmdcr Ë`m§À`m _wcmZ§o CS>dyZ Q>mH$cr, Ë`mdoir§ d AcrH$S>o XmoZ df} Vwåhr§ g_j d Oê$a Ë`m doir§ Jm§dm§Vrc amOo cmoH$m§Vrc n§M O_dyZ Amngm§V VS>OmoS> H$aÊ`mMo gd© à`ËZ Ho$coV, ho hr gd© amOo cmoH$m§g _m{hVr AmhoM. Vw_Mr Hy$i åhUyZ AmO 10 df] d{hdmQ> Amho. lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m h`mV AgVm§Zm {dhra Vwåhr§ ñdV: EH$Q>çmZ§o IUcr Amho. lrXod XÎm {R>H$mUmVrc gd© ~m§Y~m§Ymoar d PmS>_mS> ho Vw_À`m ñdV:À`m hmVyZ cmJco Joco Amho. Vgo§M 1956 gmcmn`ªV Vwåhr§ XodñWmZMr gd© eoVr ñdV: XodñWmZMo IMm©Z§o nhmV hmoVm§V. nwT>o§ Vwåhm§cm PonoZmg§o Pmco§ d {dVwï> Amc§o åhUyZ Vwåhr§ Vr gmoSy>Z {Xcr. `m gd© Jmoï>r H$aÊ`m~Ôc Vwåhm§cm XodñWmZH$Sy>Z, AJa d{hdmQ>Xmam§H$Sy>Z AJa lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m§H$Sy>Z H$moUË`mhr àH$maM§o doVZ {_imcoc§o Zmhr§, hr Jmoï> gdmªZm _mhrV Amho. 3) _yi g_m{Y_§{Xa ~m§Yco Ë`mdoir§ d{hdmQ>Xma aKwZmW ZriH§$R> e|~oH$a `m§Zm {dMmê$Z d Ë`m§Mr nadmZJr KoD$Z gd© Jmoï>r Ho$ë`m, h§o gdmªZm _mhrV AmhoM. {edm` qhXyY_©emñÌmà_mUo§ lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m§À`m ApñW Vwåhr§ Ë`m§Mo AZwJ«hrV {eî` åhUyZ R>o{dë`m hmoË`m. Ë`m ApñW n{hcm CËgd H$aÊ`mMo AJmoXa 2 {Xdg d{hdmQ>Xma aKwZmW ZriH§$R> e|~oH$a ^Q>Or `m§g ~mocmdyZ d {Zamir X{jUm XoD$Z Ë`m ApñW _§Ì{dYrnyd©H$ ewÕ H$adyZ Ë`m§MoH$Sy>Z KoVë`m d Ë`m EH$m Vm§ã`mMo Vm§ã`m§V ^ê$Z g_mYr§V Ë`m§MoM hmVmZo§ R>od{dë`m AmhoV. n{hë`m dfm©nmgyZ Joë`m dfm©n`ªV nwÊ`{VWr CËgdm§V H$sV©Zmcm Vo `oV AgVmV d _m§S>dmMo ~mhoa ~gV AgVmV Am{U _r§ ñdV: Ë`m§Zm Am§V ~mocmdyZ amÌt àgmX dmT>{dVmo§, ho Amnë`m cjm§V AgocM. darc gd© Jmoï>r Vo AÚmnn`ªV H$arV Amco AmhoV, `mdê$Z `m g_m{Y_§{Xamg Ë`m§Mr g§_{V hmoVr d AÚmnn`ªV Amho, ho§ CKS> hmoV§o. Xadfv Ë`m§Mm _wcJm {M.~miy hm CËgdm§V ^mJ KoV AgVmo. `mdê$Z Ë`mMrhr g§_{V Amho ho§ ñnï> hmoVo§. n{hë`m CËgdmcm Ë`m§Mm _wcJm {M. dmgy, {M. H$_ù`m d OmdB© lr. hS>n d _wcJr doUy hr§ gd© hOa hmoVr. {M. dmgwXod `mMr ~m`H$mo Á`m Á`m doir§ CËgdmMo doir§ gmdS>çm©g hmoVr Ë`m Ë`m doir CËgdmgmR>r§ H$m_ n[a{eï> - 3 / 279

H$arV Ago. g_m{Y_§{XamMr§ ^m§S>r§Hw§$S>r§ d ~¡R>H$m V`ma hmoÊ`mnydu lrXÎm XodñWmZm§Vrc ^m§S>r, gm_mZ d ~¡R>H$m Ë`m§À`mM nadmZJrZ§o CËgdmgmR>r AmUrV hmoV§o. `m gd© Jmoï>tdê$Z lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m§Mo g_m{Y_§{Xa ~m§YÊ`mg Ë`m§Mr g§_{V hmoVr, ho§ CKS> hmoVo§. Am_M§o åhUUo 1) lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m `m§Zr§ ~m§Ycoco§ lrXÎmXodñWmZ åhUOo lrñdm_tMm _R> ho| cmoH$m§H$Sy>Z _XV {_idyZ gmd©O{ZH$[aË`m ~m§Ycoc§o Amho. 2) Bï>Qo > IaoXr H$aVm§Zm H$moiWar `oWrc Jm§Odo mco ^§S>mar `m§Zr§ n¡go {Xcoco AmhoV. 3) BñQ>oQ>rda Ë`mdoir§ ~moJg (ImoQ>çm) H$Om©Mm ~moOm XmI{dcm Amho. àË`j H$O© Agoc Va Ë`mMo H$mJXr nwamdo hOa H$amdo. 4) nmXwH$m KS>{dUo§gmR>r XJS> d n¡go Vwigmam_ `m _w§~B© `oWrc H$moù`mZ§o {Xco. {dhra ~m§YU§ogmR>r§ n¡go OwÞaMo Xwam\o$ (Zmam`Uamd) `m Zm§dmÀ`m J¥hñWm§Zr§ {Xco. ^m§S>rHw§$S>r d ~¡R>H$m KoÊ`mgmR>r§ {^joÀ`m ê$nmZo§ _w§~B© `oWrc d BVaÌ {R>H$mUÀ`m cmoH$m§Zr _XV Ho$cr. 5) lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m h`mV hmoVo, Vm§on`ªV XodñWmZÀ`m gd© eoVrMm IM© Vo ñdV: H$arV AgV. {edm` d{hdmQ>Xma aKwZmW ZriH§$R> e|~oH$a åhUOo Ë`m§Mm OmdB© `mMm Ka, JmoR>m d H$moR>mao§ hr Ë`m§Zr§ ñdV: Xwê$ñV H$ê$Z d ZdrZ ~m§YyZ {Xcocr§ AmhoV d Ë`mMr naV\o$S> Ho$ë`mMm H$mJXr nwamdm H$moR>§ohr§ {_iV Zmhr§. 6) lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m `m§Zr§ Vw_Mr Jmdm§Vrc Amocr _mYwH$ar ~§X Pmcr§ Ë`mdoir§ aKwZmW ZriH§$R> e|~oH$a `mcm Vw_À`mH$Sy>Z ~mocmdyZ KoD$Z gÜ`mMm chmZ H§$nmD§$S>_Yrc ^mJ 1 EH$a 24 Jw§R>o hm grVmam_~wdm `mg Ë`mMr {^jm ~§X Pmcr åhUyZ {^jm åhUyZ {Xcm Amho, Ag§o gm§{JVc§o hmoVo§. 7) Zagmo JmoqdX qMMmiH$a `m§Zr§ gXahÿ {R>H$mU _mcH$ åhUyZ aKwZmW ZriH§$R> e|~oH$a `m§Mo Zmd§o cmJ§y Z`o Agm AO© Ho$cm hmoVm, Ë`mdoir§ _m_coXma d àm§V `m§À`mH$S>o Om~O~m~ hmoD$Z Á`m§MoH$Sy>Z ho§ {R>H$mU IaoXr KoVc§o, Ë`m _mYdamd qMMmiH$a d Ë`m§Mr ~m`H$mo `m§Zr§ ""ho§ {R>H$mU Amåhr lrXÎm XodñWmZmgmR>r§ åhUyZM gmoSy>Z {Xc§o Amho'' Ago§ {chÿZ {Xc§o Amho. `mdê$Z h§o {R>H$mU h§o lrXÎm XodñWmZMo _mcH$sMo§ Amho, ho§ ñnï> hmoVo§. 8) lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m `m§Zr§ _¥Ë`wnÌ AJa AÝ` H$moUVmhr a{OñQ>S>© S>m°Š`w_|Q> Ho$cocm Zgë`m_wi§o dmagmh¸$mMm àý CX²>^dV Zmhr§. 9) lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m§Zr§ h`mV AgVm§ZmM lr.aKwZmW ZriH§$R> e|~oH$a `m§Zm d{hdmQ>Xma Zo_co§ Amho, `mdê$Z Vo _mcH$ ZgyZ d{hdmQ>Xma AmhoV. 10) lrXÎmXodñWmZMr gd© BîQ>oQ> hr gmd©O{ZH$ n¡em§VyZ V`ma Pmcr Agë`m_wi§o lrXÎmXodñWmZMm gmd©O{ZH$ Q´>ñQ> ìhmdm `m~ÔcMm {dMma gaH$maZ§o H$amdm d lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m g_m{YñW Pmë`mnmgyZ AmOn`ªV Xhm dfoª d{hdmQ>Xmam§Zr§ hr Jmoï> M°[aQ>r H${_eZaÀ`m ZOaog AmUcr Zmhr§, åhUyZ Joë`m 280 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Xhm dfmªVrc CËnÞ d gd© O_mIM© gaH$maZ§o d{hdmQ>Xmam§H$Sy>Z _mJyZ Ë`mMr gd© VnmgUr H$amdr. AmVm§ Vw_Mo ñdV:Mo åhUU§o nwT>rc à_mU§o 1) lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m§M§o g_m{Y_§{Xa d Ë`m§À`m XhZ^y_rda ~m§Ycoc§o Vwierd¥§XmdZ d _mé{V hr§ gd© grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a `m§Zr Ë`m§Zm {^jm åhUyZ {_imcoë`m Ðì`m§VyZ Ho$cr AmhoV. g_m{Y_§{Xam§V Agcoco§ gd© gm_mZgw_mZ ho grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a `m§Zm cmoH$m§Zm {Xcoë`m _XVr§VyZ V`ma Ho$co§ Amho. 2) gXahÿ g_m{Y_§{Xa ~m§YÊ`mV d{hdmQ>Xma aKwZmW ZriH§$R> e|~oH$a `m§Mr d{hdmQ>Xma åhUyZ àË`j Vm|S>r nadmZJr gwadmVrgM KoVcocr Amho. `m ì`{V[aº$ Ë`m§Mm g_m{Y_§{XamH$S>o H$mhrM g§~§Y Zmhr§. 3) lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m§Mm nwÊ`{VWrCËgd amoOMr nyOmAMm© d amoOMm Z¡doÚ d BVa g_m{Y_§[XamMr d ~mhoaMr gd© ì`dñWm hr lr grVmam_~wdm hoM gwédmVrnmgyZ AmOn`ªV ñdV:À`m IMm©Z§o H$arV AgVmV. 4) d{hdmQ>Xma aKwZmW ZriH§$R> e|~oH$a d Ë`mMoH$S>rc _mUgo§ Ë`m§Zm ~mocmdë`m_wi§o CËgdmg OmVrZo§ hOa amhÿZ CËgdm§V gH«$s` em[aarH$ _XV H$arV AgVmV. Ë`mAWv Ë`m§Mr nadmZJr d ghmZw^yVr CËgdmg Amho, ho§ ñnï> hmoV§o. 5) g_m{Y_§{Xa d XhZ^y_r `m§MoImcrc OmJm hr lrXÎm XodñWmZMo _mcH$sMr§ Amho, ho§ Amåhm§g nyU©nUo§ H$~yc Amho. 6) lr grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a ho lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m§Mo {d{Ynyd©H$ AZwJ«hrV {eî` Agë`m_wi§o Ë`m§Zr§ Amnë`m JwéMr g_m{Y Jwé§Zr§M {_i{dcoë`m lrXÎm XodñWmZMo OmJ§oV ~m§Ycr Amho d hr Y_©J«mø Jmoï> Amho. g_m{Y_§{XamImcrc d XhZ^y_rMr d g^modmaMr Oê$a Am{U Amdí`H$ Vr OmJm grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a `m§Mo Zm§d§o cmJcocr AgyZ gaH$maZo§ Vr OmJm Ë`m§g lrXÎmXodñWmZMo§ Hy$i åhUyZ Hy$ih¸$mZ§o Úmdr, Aer {dZ§Vr Amho. grVmam_~wdm ho Xagmc lrXÎm XodñWmZmcm I§S> åhUyZ _m_coXmagmho~ R>adVrc Vo n¡go XoÊ`mg V`ma AmhoV. 7) lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m `m§ZrM ho§ XÎm XodñWmZ ~m§Yc§o (lrñdm_r_R>). Ë`mcm BîQ>oQ>hr Ë`m§Zr§M V`ma H$ê$Z R>odcr d `m _hmZ gËnwéfmMr g_m{Y lr.dmcmdcH$a `m§Zr Ë`m§Mo {eî` åhUyZ `m XodñWmZMo OmJo§V ~m§Ycr, `m§V H$m§hr§M dmdJ§o Zmhr§. Var lrXÎm XodñWmZMr _mcH$s Amåhm§cm n[anyU© H$~yc AgVm§Zm d _mcH$sMm Anhma H$aÊ`mMr BÀN>m Amåhr§ H$arV ZgVm§Zm gXahÿ d{hdmQ>Xma ho gyS>~wÕrZ§o Am{U lrXÎmXodñWmZMr BîQ>oQ> ñdV:À`m Cn`moJmgmR>r {Ji§H¥$V H$aÊ`mMo {dMmamZo§ {dê$ÕnU§o dmJV AmhoV d AS>Wio CËnÞ H$arV AmhoV. Var§ `mMm `mo½` Vmo {dMma hmoD$Z gXahÿ g_m{Y_§{Xa d XhZ^y_rMr OmJm Am{U dmna H$aÊ`mg Oê$a d Amdí`H$ Vr gd© OmJm d g_m{Y_§{XamMo OmJ§oVyZ n[a{eï> - 3 / 281

gmdS>} Jm§dm§V d S>oadU Jm§dm§V OmUo§gmR>r§ dmQ>, d ~moS>m©Mo añË`mg OmD$Z {_iÊ`mgmR>r dmQ> hr§ gd© lr.grVmam_~wdm `m§Mo Zm§d§o H$aÊ`mMr ì`dñWm H$amdr, Aer {dZ§Vr Amho. `mà_mUo§ gd© _m{hVr lr._m_coXmagmho~ AJa Oo H$moUr VnmgmgmR>r§ `oVrc Ë`m§MonwT>§o gm§Jmdr d M°[aQ>r H${_eZanwT>§o AO© H$ê$Z Amåhr§ ho gd© àH$aU R>odrV Amhm§oV Ag§ohr gm§Jmd§o. M°[aQ>r H${_eZaH$S>o nmR>{dÊ`mMm AO© V`ma hmoVm§M AmnUm§H$S>o ghrgmR>r§ nmR>{dcm OmB©c. d{hdmQ>Xma ho H$m` O~m~ XoVmV Vo§ _cm H$idmd§o, åhUOo nwT>rc ì`dñWm H$aVm§ `oB©c. lrñdm_r g_W© MaUr§ d lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m§Mo MaUr§ _mPo d lr.d gm¡._a~ùitMo {eagmï>m§J Z_ñH$ma gm§JU§o, lr.ZmZm e|~oH$a, JmonwH$mH$m, XÎmm_mñVa, gd© _mñVacmoH$, lrnmX^mD$ `m gdmªg Z_ñH$ma, XmoÝhr JS>r d _oñÌr `m§g Am{edm©X, Ym|S>~mamd d {edam_amd `m§g Am{edm©X. H$imdo§ cmo^ Agmdm ho {dZ§Vr. Amncm, lrgÒþéMaUaO {d. J. Omoer

15. à{V - lr. aKwZmWamd Ho$ed Omoer, _hmcH$ar, d|Jwcm© Ÿ&& lr && › VËgV² Ÿ&

gZ 1954

lr. am. am. aKwZmWamd `m§gr gào_ AZoH$ Am{edm©X gmo~V gm§àXm`mMm {cImUmMm H$mJX nmR>{dcm Amho. \$º$ AmnUm nwaog§oM R>odm. ""H$moUmcm H$iy§ Z XoÊ`mMr I~aXmar ¿`m.'' gmo @ h§ CnmgZm EH$mÝV ñWmZr§ ~gyZ H$amdr. eŠ`Va WmoS>m COoS> H$_r Agmdm. VmR> ~gmd§o. ^«y_Ü`m§V nmhÿZ Ü`mZ H$amd§o. Vmo na_mË_m _rM Amh§o hr ^mdZm pñWa H$amdr. _r, Xoh Zìho hr ^mdZm H$m`_ ìhmdr. AmgZ cmo§H$arMo§ Agmd§o. `_², {Z`_², AmgZ, ghO hmoUmam àmUm`m_, àË`mhma, YmaUm, Ü`mZ, g_m{Y hr§ `moJmMr _w»` AmR> A§J,o dU©Zo nwñVH$m§VZy AmhoV. {MÎmm§V àW_ gJwU àH$memMo§ Ü`mZ H$ê$Z Ë`m _mJmªV g{dH$ën g_m{Y gmYyZ eodQ>r§ {ZJwU© na_mËå`mM§o Ü`mZ H$amd`mM§o d AmnUM Vmo àË`j hr à{MVr ¿`md`mMr Amho. hm Ü`mZ `moJ Amho. _mJ© ñdê$n g§àXm`, {dh§J_, {MÎm M¡VÝ` `moJ gmYm. _Zmo ~«÷o{V d¡OmZmV² Ÿ& Ordmo {ZË`: B{V kmZ_² Ÿ&& 282 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

BQHw$cr {_Q>Hw$cr Jmoï> lrgÒþéamO AmË_mam_ {MÝ_` Ü`mZ H$am. gmo~VMr na§nam nmR> H$ê$Z Vr ^OZ dm Ü`mZ H$aVo doir§ àW_ åhUyZ _J ^OZ dm Ü`mZ gwê$ H$amd§o. eara dV©V§o g§gmar Ÿ& n[a _ZmoJV AdK| na_oœar§ &

h§o cjm§V Agmdo§. gd© ^yV_mÌmM§o {R>H$mUr§ na_mË_mM ^ê$Z am{hcm Amho. àË`oH$ àm{U_mÌmM§o öX`m§V Vmo na_mË_m OmUrdê$nmZo§ ^ê$Z Amho. XodmH$[aVm§ aS>md`mg {eH$m, __-Ëd `mà_mU§o R>odm. H$V©ì` MwH§y$ ZH$m na§Vw H$_m©{^_mZ Q>mH$m. lr h[a H$Vm© H$a{dVm d Vmo gd©Ì Amho hm ^md ÑT> H$am. Ÿ&& › VËgV² Ÿ&& Amncm, g§VMaUaO, {XJ§~aXmg ( {d. J. Omoer )

16. à{V - lr. AemoH$amd aKwZmWamd Omoer, _w§~B© Ÿ&& lrŸJUoem` Z_: && && › lrñdm_r g_Wm©` Z_:Ÿ && nwUo§ 16

lr. am. am. AemoH$ aKwZmW Omoer, A§Yao r `m§gr, lrñdm_rH¥$noMo AZoH$ CÎm_ Amerdm©X, Cnar {deof nÌ {c{hÊ`m§g H$maU H$s§, AmnU ~aoM {Xdg AmOmar Amhm§V Ag§o H$ico.§ ~a§M o {OdmdaM§o XwIU§o hmoV.o§ nU AmVm na_oœamÀ`m H¥$noZo Am{U S>m°ŠQ>ar Cnm`mZo AmnU ~hþVoH$ ~a§o Pmcm§V. AOyZ 4-6 S´>oqgJ_Ü`§o AmnU nyUn© U§o ~ao ìhmc Aer Anojm H$aVmo Am{U na_oœamMr àmW©Zm H$aVmo. "^moJmV² Ed eara_²Ÿ&' Ag§o åhUVmV. gd© `mVZm earamcm ghZ H$amì`m cmJVmV. Am{Y^m¡{VH$, AÜ`mpË_H$ Am{U Am{YX¡{dH$ Ago VrZ àH$maMo Vmn AmhoV Am{U ho VrZ Vmn _Zwî`mcm g§ndmdo cmJVmV. Vo g§n{dë`m{edm` e[aamMr gwQ>H$m Zmhr, Am{U e[aamMr gwQ>H$m Pmcr, VarnU Oo gyú_ eara Amho, Ë`m earamcm ho gyú_ à_mUm§V Vmn ghZ H$amdo cmJVmV Am{U Vo ghZ H$arV AgVmZm A§V[ajmVyZ {Za{Zamù`m cmoH$m§V, gyú_ XohmZ§o Ë`m Ordmcm {\$amdo cmJVo.§ Ord EH$M AgVmo. H$maU Ë`mMr OrdXem g§në`m{edm` Vmo na~«÷m§V {dcrZ hmoD$§ eH$V Zmhr§ Agm {gÕmÝV Amho. `moJdm{gð>m_Ü`§o MwS>mcm»`mZ Am{U crcm»`mZ n[a{eï> - 3 / 283

\$ma gw§Xa arVrZ§o {ddoMZ Ho$coco§ Amho. Á`m doic o m à^y am_M§Ðmcm hm gJim g§gma Zœa dmQy> cmJcm Am{U d{gð>mZ§ r§ gm§{JVcoë`m VÎdkmZmMm n[aUm_ Ë`m§À`mdaVr§ Pmcm, Ë`mdoiocm Ë`m§À`m {R>H$mUr§ AmË`§{VH$ CnaVr CËnÞ Pmcr. d¡am½`, Á`mcm "Vrd«V_ d¡am½`' Ago§ åhUVmV V§o à^y am_M§Ðm§À`m {R>H$mUr§ {Z_m©U Pmco. Ë`m§Zm ImU§o-{nU§o gwMV ZìhVo§. H$moUË`mhr Jmoï>rMo§ ^mZ ZìhVo. "H$m§hr§ Zmhr§' Aer n[apñWVr hmoVr Am[U {Xdg|{Xdg Vo H¥$e hmoD$ cmJco. earam§V gd© YmVyM § m {Z:nmV hmoD$ cmJcm Am{U à^y am_M§Ð AmVm OmVmV H$s amhVmV, Aer qMVm {Z_m©U Pmcr. Ë`mdoic o m d{gð> _hfrªZr§ à^y am_M§Ðm§Zm Amnë`mH$S>o ~mocmdyZ KoVco Am{U Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVco, "Aao am_m, ho H$m` Mmc{dco Amhog ? O§o VÎdkmZ _r Vwcm gm§{JVco V§o _Zwî`mZo {Ma§VZ hmoÊ`mH$[aVm gm§{JVc§.o ZœaVoMm Ë`mJ H$aU§o åhUOo gmoSy>Z XoU§o Zìho. EImÚm Jmoï>r~Ôc Amnë`mcm AmË`§{VH$ AmnwcH$s dmQ>Vo. Ë`m jUmnmgyZ n§M^yVmË_H$ Xoh, _Z, ~wÕr, {MÎm, Ah§Vm `m§À`m ì`dhmao§ AmnU Ë`m dñVyÀ§ `m nmR>r_mJ§o cmJVmo. ~mH$s gd© ì`dhma {dgaVmo. Ë`mcm "Amgº$s g§gma' åhUVmV. hm Amgº$s g§gma gmoS>U§o `mM§ Zmd, VÎdkmZmnmgyZ CnaVr àmá hmoD$§ cmJU§.o dñVy gmoS>Uo§ åhUOo dñVy~Ôc Or AmË`§{VH$ Amgº$s dmQ>V,o VrM H$_r H$aU§o, ømM§o Zmd "{damJVm'. "amJ' eãXmMm AW© "H$mon' Agm Zìho. "amJ' eãXmMm AW© AZwVmnmZo {Z_m©U Pmcocr {MÎmmMr EH$ n[apñWVr Amho. Am{U hr Vwcm _r gmoS> Ag§o gm§JVmo Amho.' ho§ gd© gm§{JVc§o Am{U _J à^y am_M§Ðm§À`m {R>H$mUr§ hiyhiy {ccm»`mZ Am{U à~wÕ {dMmam»`mZ d MwS>mcm»`mZ Am{U Ë`m§À`mnmgyZ CnaVr {Z_m©U Pmcr Am{U {damJVm {Z_m©U hmoD$Z Vo ñdV:À`m AdVmaH$m`m©er g§c¾ Pmco. åhUyZ _r Vwcm gm§JVmo, _mPr _mUg§ cm§~ AmhoV. _mPr _wc§ cm§~ AmhoV, _mPr AmB© cm§~ Amho, _mPo dS>rc cm§~ AmhoV, Agm {dMma H$ê$ ZH$mog. O¡er pñWVr Amho, V¡emnar amho, H$m¡VwH$ Vy nmh§o g§{MVmMo§ & ZH$mo IoX H$ê§$ H$moUË`m Jmoï>rMm, nVr cú_rMm nmhmVgo§ && gH$c Ordm§Mm H$[aVm§o gm§^mi, VwO _moH$crc Eogo Zmhr & EH$m OZmX©Zr ^moJ àmaãYmMm, h[aH¥$n§o Ë`mMm Zme hmo` && H$moUr A^ú`^jU Am{U ZH$mo Ë`m Jmoï>r {nUo dJ¡ao ^mZJS>r Ho$ë`m AgVrc, H$Xm{MV Ho$ë`m ZgVrchr. _r H$m§hr§ gm§Jy eH$V Zmhr. _r H$mhr _moR>m Img VÎdk Zìho. na§Vw Ago Xmof H$iV Z H$iV KS>cc o o AgVmV. _mJrc OÝ_mMo AgVmV, øm OÝ_rMo AgVmV. OmJ¥{V, ñdßZ, gwfáw r øm {R>H$mUMo AgVmV Am{U Aem Xmofm§Mm n[ahma Ho$ë`m{edm` Ordmcm Amho hr pñWVr ^moJUo§ àmá hmoVo Am{U Ë`m ^moJë`mZ§Va Omo na_oœaqMVZ H$arc Am{U ho _mÂ`mM H$_m©Mo \$i Amho, nU _cm {cá Zmhr. _r ømÀ`mnmgyZ A{cá Amho. _cm øm {R>H$mUr§ H$m§hr§ H$V©ì` Zmhr§. EH$ lrh[aZm_ñ_aU H$aU§o, lrharÀ`m ñdê$nmM§ Ü`mZ H$aU§o, gd© g§Vm§~Ôc AmñWm R>do U§o Am{U "gXm g§Vmo@{^J§Vì`:' ho cjm§V R>Do $Z Iao g§V AgVrc Ë`m§À`mH$S>o OmD$Z Ë`m§Mr 284 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

g§JVr cm§~Zy H$aUo.§ ZmhrVa H$m` n[apñWVr hmoV,o T>dù`meoOmar ndim ~m§Ycm ê$n Zmhr nU JwU cmJcm. Omo T>dim ~¡c Amho Ë`mÀ`m~amo~a ndim ~¡c ~m§Ycm Ë`mMm H$m§hr§ Cn`moJ Zmhr§. ndù`mMm T>dim hmoUma Zmhr§. T>dù`mMm ndim hmoUma Zmhr§. ê$n Zmhr§, nU JwU cmJcm. "g§JVr g§J XmofU o ' Agm Ý`m` Amho Am{U hm Ý`m` {dMma H$ê$Z Ë`mMo ^mZ R>odm`M§o Am{U g§gmamV amhÿZ g§gmamnmgyZ AZmgº$ `moJmZo amhm`cm {eH$m`Mo§ ho§ _Zwî`mM§o H$V©ì` Amho. Ogo H$_i nmÊ`mV Imocda {MIcm§V OÝ_mcm `oVo§ Am{U Ë`mMr nmZo nmÊ`mda ngaVmV. Ë`mcm OrdZ ImcyZ {_iV AgV§,o nU nmÊ`mVyZ Oam EH$ AYm© B§M dm B§M^a da H$mT>co§ Va Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr Amocmdm amhmV Zmhr§. Ë`mcm "nÙnÌ{_dm§^{g' dm OcnÌ Ý`m` åhUVmV, Am{U Vo Ë`mnmgyZ A{cá hmoV.§ H$_i {MIcm§VyZ {ZKmc§o d nmÊ`mÀ`m da `oV§o. EH$ \y$Q> da `oV§, XmoZ \y Q> da `oV§, AYm© \y$Q>, ghm B§M, Mma B§M H$mhrVar da `oV§ Am[U Ë`m {R>H$mUr dmè`m~amo~a Sw>cV hcV AgV§. Ë`mMr gJir à{H«$`m Ë`m nmÊ`mnmgyZ, nmÊ`mV OÝ_mcm Amc§ Var nmÊ`mÀ`m da MmcVo. ho Og§ AgV§, Vg§ g§gmamV AmnU amhm`M§ Am{U Ë`mÀ`mnmgyZ _Zmcm IoX hmoD$ Úm`Mm Zmhr, hr à{H«$`m AmnU {eH$cr nm{hOo. AmO ho nÌ {chm`Mo H$maU Vwåhmcm ho g_Omd§ åhUyZ. H$_r OmñV H$m§hr§ Joc§ Agc§ Va j_ñd Ag§ åhUVmo Am{U ho nÌ nwao H$aVmo. Amnco AmB©-dS>rc øm§Zm Am{edm©X. _§S>itZm Am{U {M.H$_coe d {M.Xrár øm§Zm Am{edm©X. Vw_Mm ^mMm {M.àgmX ^S>^S>o `mg Am[edm©X. Vmo narjocm ~gVmo Amho. R>rH$ Amho. Ë`mcm VgmM Aml` Úm Am{U Aä`mgmH$S>o doi hmoB©c Ago amhm`cm gm§Jm. Ag§ gm§JyZ ho cm§~coco nÌ nwao H$aVmo. H$imdo§ cmo^ Agmdm ho Am[edm©X. Amncm, lrgÒþéMaUaO, {d. J. Omoer.

17. à{V - lr. lrYan§V Omoer, aËZm{JarŸ && lr && › VËgV² lrgX²Jwado Z_:Ÿ &

Amamo½` {dlm§Vr J¥h amZS>o amoS>, XmXa dg§V {Zdmg, _w~§ B© 28 ewH$« dma 10.10.1952

gào_ Z_ñH$ma {d.{d. Amnco§ \o$~«wdmar _{hÝ`m§V aËZm{JarMo nÎ`mda Jococ§o nÌ AmOM {_imc§o. H$maU _r \o$~«wdmarnmgyZ n[a{eï> - 3 / 285

lrJwê§$À`m g_m{Y_§{XamMo H$m_mH$[aVm§ _w§~B©gM Amh§o. WmoS>o WmoS§>o _XV O_{dÊ`mM§o H$m`© gwê$ Amho. AÚmn OmoamZ§o H$m_ gwê$ hmoV Zm§hr. Agmo. lrJwéamO H$m`© nwa§o H$aUma g_W© AmhoV. \$º$ `ËZ H$arV amhmU§o ho§ Amnc§o H$m_ {Z{_Îm_mÌ åhUyZ Amho. H$m`m©À`m `emn`em~Ôc d _r H$Vm© åhUyZ CJmM _rnUm H$emcm ? AmnU {c{hcocm àmaãY ^moJm~ÔcMm ^mJ dmMyZ Oam IoX dmQ>cm. na§Vw àmaãY Xodm{XH$m§Zm§hr gwQ>c§o Zm§hr Va Am_À`mgma»`m OrdÑï>rZ§o AgUmè`m§Zm§ Vo§ H$go§ gwQ>Uma ? _mÌ na_mË_ CnmgZoÀ`m AmYmamda Xw:I_` dmQ>Uma§o àmaãY YramZ§o d pñWa _ZmZo§ ^moJyZ g§n{dVm§ `oV§o d V§o na_mW©_mJu _Zwî`mZ§o Adí` g§ndmdo§ Ag§oM gd© g§Vm§M§o gm§JU§o Amho. AmnU B©œa^º$s BVH$s H$aVm§o na§Vw nhmd§o Vo OmñV, OmñVM AS>Wio d Xw:I_` ^moJ nwT§>o C^o amhVmV d Aem doir gmYH$mMo _ZmMm Vmoc gwQyZ OJm§V B©œa IamoIaM Amho H$m`? d Vmo Oa Ý`m`r Amho Va _J ^º$m§Zm§ g§H$Q>o d Xw:I§o H$m§ `mdr§ Agm g§e` _Zm§V C^m amhmVmo d Vgo§ hmoU§o ho§ _ZmÀ`m M§McVo_wi§o gmh{OH$M Amho. gwImMm d ñdmË_ñdê$nmMm _mJ©M g§H$Q> na§naoVZy OmV Amcm Amho. Agm AmOdaMm AZw^d Amho. H$maU g§H$Q>H$mcm§VM na_mËå`mMr AmR>dU hmoVo d g§gmamM§o d¡æ`W© H$iÊ`mcm \$maM _XV hmoV.o _r Xoh d {XgUmao§ ho§ gd© _mP§o Aer Ordmcm Or ì`mYr OÝ_moOÝ_r§ OS>cr Amho. Vr Xya ìhmd`mcm hdr d _r Xoh dm àH¥$Vr ZgyZ A§V:H$aUm§V dmg H$ê$Z AgUmam Am{U gd© OZ_Zgmjr Am{U gd© {dœmV ì`mnyZ Cacocm d {dœê$nmZo§ {dcgUmam Agm Ho$dc {ed {ZOmZ§X_`, g{ƒXmZ§XKZ na_mË_mM _r Amho ho§ R>m_ ~mUyZ {MÎm nyUn© Uo Ë`m§V {dcrZ hmoVm§M àmaãYmMo§ H$m§hr§M dmQ>Zo mgo§ hmoV.o§ _mPm d àH¥$VrMm H$m§hr§M g§~Y§ Zm§hr. _r nyU© A{cá gwI_` Am{U AZm{X d {ZË` ^ê$Z Cacocm Amho,§ hm ÑT>^md hmoUo§ d {dMma{hV pñWVr§V ewÕgÎdmË_H$ ~wÕr§V AmncoM à{Vq~~ AZw^dyZ VV² gmjr dm _r q~~ Amh§o ho§ ñdmZw^Vy rZ§o AZw^dU§o hmM _moj Amho. Ë`m {R>H$mUr "gmo@h§' AOnmdm. ›H$mahr CaV Zm§hr Va g§gma, àmaãY, gwI, Xw:I, _r, _mPo§ H$g§o amhrc ? Agmo. lrgÒþé lr.n.ny.1008 lrYañdm_r _hmamO `m§À`m gmYZH$mcmH$S>o Oa AmnU Oam Ñï>r didmc Va cJoM Amnë`mcm g_OyZ `oB©c H$s§ na_mËå`mZ§o IamoIaM _cm Mm§Jë`m n[apñWVr§V R>do c§o Amho. XoUo§ d XwIUo§ h§o g§gmam§V H$moUmcm gwQ>co§ Amho ? Agmo. Amnco Jwé lrñdm_rOr g_W© AmhoV. Ë`m§Zm gd© H$iV Amho. Ë`m§Zm§M AZÝ` ^mdmZo eaU Om åhUOo àmaãY H$_m©Zgw ma Vmo am_am`m gd© H$m§hr Mm§Jco§ H$arc. Yra gmoS>y§ ZH$m. e_ X_ {VVrjm`wº$ dmJm. na_mWmªV H$gmoQ>çm dma§dma AmhoV. H$gmoQ>rcm {Q>H$o c VmoM nwT>§o OmB©c. MT>U g§nVm§M CVaU cmJVo. åhUyZ eŠ` Va gmdH$me MT>U MT>Ê`mMo§ H$m`© Mmcy Agmd§.o gwImnmR>r§ Xw:I Xw:ImnmR>r§ gwI Ÿ& Ý`m` hm{M XoI Ÿ& ~hþH$mitMm àmaãYmZwgma KS>VmVr ^moJ Ÿ& nar A§Va§J ZM hmcmd§o 286 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

&& 1 && && 2 &&

EH$ har AmË_m {Od-{ed g_ & ñdmZw^d§o d_© AZw^dmdo§ harMr H$ënZm VrM _hm_m`m & nmhmVm§ h[aê$nmMm cmon Vmho harnmR>r Omdo,§ _Z EH$mJ«Vm & g§Vg§J Y[aVm§ VaUmonm` gwI Xw:I gma§o hargr Anm©dr§ & ^º$s EH$ ^md§o _mJm VrM A{ZË` g§gma C_OmoZ A§Var§ & dVm©do g§gmar§ gd©H$mi H$moUmMr ñÌr, _wc,§o H$dUmMo gmoBa© o & ñdßZr§Mm ì`dhma§o nS>Vmimdo§ EH$m Vê$Vir§ ~¡gm`mgr Amcr§ & nar ^wcr nS>cr Ord ^md§o Aä`mgo§ AI§S> gm{YVm§ ^OZ & Ord ^md nyU© hmanVmo ñdê$nr§ ~mUVm§ AÛ¡VmMm ~moY & AdKm g{ƒXmZ§X ^acm dmQ>o {edm` Z_: gH$c {edmM§o & Anm© gH$c Ë`mMo§ Ë`mg ^mdo§ gH$c gwX§ a, gË` EH$ {ed & Eogm ìhmdm ^md EH$mË_H$ "{edmo@h§' A^`mg§o _Z Am{U {MÎm & Kmcm gXmoXr§V ñdê$nm_mOr c` Vr gmYVm§ VwQ>o Xohmh§Vm & Ho$dc {edê$nr§ Ë`m _oidUr Xmg åhU§o Eogo ¿`md§o AZw^dmoZ & gX²>JwéH¥$n§o nyU© EoŠ` nmdo

&& 3 && && 4 && && 5 && && 6 && && 7 && && 8 && && 9 && && 10 && && 11 && && 12 && && 13 && && 14 && && 15 && && 16 &&

&& › VËgV² Ÿ&&

Agmo. H$moUË`m OÝ_r§Mo§ àmaãY Ho$ìhm§ C^§o amhrc `mMm H$m` Zo_. na§Vw _r EH$M Amho. AmnU {c{hë`mà_mU§oM hm Xohhr àmaãYmMoM AË`§V {~H$Q> Ioi AZw^drV Amho. Am{U lrJwéH¥$noZo§ AË`§V {Z^©`VoZo§ lrJwéamO g§ajU H$ê$Zhr ZoV Amho. Amnco§ Hw$Qw>§~ \$ma A{YH$mar Amho. AmnU d Ë`m§Zr§ lram_am`mcm {dZdyZ gm§Jmd§o åhUOo `mo½` H$mcr§ Vmo AmnUm§ C^`Vm§g Amnë`m ñWmZmOdi ZoB©c. `m~Ôc _cm g§e` Zm§hr. Agmo ~hþYm lrñdm_r `oË`m Xmg Zd_rcm JS>mda `oVrc, Ë`mdoir eŠ`Va ^oQ>m d AZw^d ¿`m. _wcm§À`m _w§Or Pmë`m H$m`? emio§V OmVmV H$m`? AaqdX dJ¡ao R>rH$ AmhoV Zm? Agmo. Vmo BœaM gd©Ìm§Mm ÌmVm d gm§^mi H$aUmam Amho. Vmo R>odrc Vg§o amhmU§o ^mJ Amho. lrñdm_r ñdê$nmZ§X AmnUm§g nÌ {c{hVmV d Ë`m§Mr AmnUm§da H¥$nm Amho. Ho$ìhmVar nÌ `oV§o. lr.S>m.° {_amer R>rH$ AmhoV. Ë`m§Mmhr Aä`mg Mmcy Omhcm Amho. ~mH$s gd© R>rH$ AmhoV. `moJm`moJmZ§o lrhar {VH$S>o AmUrc Ë`mdoir àË`j ^oQ> hmoB©c. _r \$º$ chmZ _yc Amho. _cm gdmªZr gm§^mim. H¥$nm Am[edm©X nmR>dm. gwIr Agm§. gm¡.d{hZtg Z_ñH$ma d lr.AaqdX AmXr gdmªg Am[edm©X. H$imd§o cmo^ Agmdm hr {dZ§Vr. Ÿ Amncm, gX²JwéMaUaO {d. J. Omoer.

n[a{eï> - 3 / 287

18. à{V - lr. {X. Zm. ~mUmdcr, Zdr {X„r - 5 Ÿ&& lr && › VËgV² Ÿ& lrgÒþado Z_: Ÿ&

nwU§o - 16 {X. 26/3/1961

{M. am. {XZmZmW `m§g lrñdm_rH¥$noMo AZoH$moÎm_ Am{edm©X Cnar {deof Amnc§o {X.20/3/61 Mo nÌ {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. AmnU Á`m H$mog©gmR>r§ {X„rcm Jocm Amhm§V Vmo gwê$§ Pmcm AgocM. Ë`m§V `eñdr hmoD$Z AmnU _o _{hÝ`mV naV _w§~B©g `md§o. VoWrc hdm gÜ`m \$maM D$îU Amho. Var amoO {hadm H$m§Xm Imdm (nm§T>am) d XmoZ VrZ H$n nmÊ`m§V YU§o {^OV KmcyZ Vo nmUr amoO 2/3 doim ¿`md§o, à^wXogmB© d lr. dmUr ho `oW§o `oD$Z Joco. Amåhr AmVm§ {ZXmZ 20-22 df} Var OmV Zmhr. O_oc VoìhT>r§ CnmgZm nwa§o. _Zr§ Ü`mdm har ^º$mMm H¡$dmar & g§ajU H$ar {ZOXmgm§Mo AZÝ` hmoD${Z Xmgo§ AmR>{dVm & nS>o gmar qMVm V`mcmJr VmÝhþco aS>Vm§ qH$H$miyZr nmhr & _mD$cr Vr `oB© Ymdmo{Z`m ñVÝ` XoD$Zr`m gwIdr V`mgr & ^º$s hr ^º$mgr Eogr ìhmdr ^{º$Mm {Oìhmim OmUy{Z`m ¿`mdm & nmdmdo d¡^dm _mojm{M`o Xmg åhUo Û¡V AÛ¡VmMo n¡c & nhm EH$ doi AmË_mam_

&& 1 && && 2 && && 3 && && 4 && && 5 && && 6 &&

_r gÜ`m `oWo§M Amho. àH¥$Vrcm Onmdo§. H$imdo§ ho Am{edm©X Amncm, lrgÒþéMaUaO, {d. J. Omoer.

19. à{V - lr. H$_cmH$an§V c. dmcmdcH$a, _w§~B© && lr && › VËgV² & lrgÒþado Z_: &

nwU§o - 16 {X. 17/9/1963

lr. am. am. dmcmdcH$a `m§gr ñdm_rH¥$noM§o AZoH$moÎm_ Amerdm©X C. {d. Amnë`m _§S>ir§Mr d _wcmMr àH¥$Vr ~amo~a Zmhr§ Ag§o g_Oco. _wcmMr {cìha {~KS>cr Amho Ago§hr g_Oco. Var `mo½` Vo Am¡fYmonMma H$aÊ`m§V h`J` H$ê§$ Z`o§. AmVm§ Ë`m§Mr àH¥$Vr gwYmaV 288 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

AgocM. Am¡fYm~amo~a _wcmÀ`m S>m`oQ>_Ü`§o d nÏ`m§_Ü`o§ AË`§V H$miOr ¿`mdr. Amnë`m _§S>ircm d _wcmcm cdH$a g§nyU© Amamo½` àmßV ìhmdo§ åhUyZ ltMo MaUr§ àmW©Zm H$arV Amho. lrgÒþé ~m~m nmR>rer§ AgVm§Zm Amnë`mcm ^rVrMo H$gcohr§ H$maU Zmhr§, `m~Ôc ImÌr ~miJm. gX²>Jé w g_W© ~m~m _hmamO & a{jVr ghO VwåhmcmJr godm Ë`m§Mo nm`r§ éOy§ Ago OmUm & ^md {Zð>m Ë`m§Zm H$iVgo amO`mg_mZ H$amdm àn§M & na_mWu ghO _mJ© Mmcm Vw_Mm `moJ jo_ gX²>Jwé§Mo {ear§ & AZÝ`Vm Iar MaUr§ R>odm hmodmo{Z AZÝ` H$am CnmgZm & gX²>Jé w MaUm§ Ü`mZr§ Yam `Wm e{º$ gmo@h§ ê$n Yam Ü`mZr§ & N>X§ jUmojUr§ Vmo{M cmJmo Xmg åhUo gX²>Jwé H$mê$Ê`mMr _y{V© & A§Vr§ Vwåhm§ XoVr gm`wÁ`Vm

&& 1 && && 2 && && 3 && && 4 && && 5 && && 6 && && 7 &&

àdmg OnyZ H$amdm. ñdV:À`m àH¥$VrMr H$miOr ¿`m. Cnojm H$ê§$ ZH$m. gd© H$m§hr§ R>rH$ hmoB©c. Amnë`m _§S>ircm d _wcmcm Am{edm©X. lr. AmR>co `m§g Am{edm©X. lr. nm§Sw>a§Jamd d Ë`m§À`m _§S>itZm Z_ñH$ma. Amnco gmgy-œeyam§g Z_ñH$ma d Ë`m§MoH$S>rc BVa gd©Ìm§g Am[edm©X. lr. XogmB© `m§MoH$S>rc gd©Ìm§g Am[edm©X. lr. aËZmH$a `m§MoH$S>rc gd©Ìm§g Am{edm©X. AmO amoOr§ ltÀ`m nmXwH$m§da Amnë`m Zmdo§ éÐm{^foH$ Ho$cm. Zmai \$moS>cm, hma KmVcm d Amnë`m gdmªÀ`mH$aVm§ jo_H$ë`mUmW© àmW©Zm Ho$cr. ew^§ ^dVw Ÿ& H$imd§o ho A{edm©X. Amncm, lrgÒþéMaUaO {d. J. Omoer.

20. à{V - lr. H$_cmH$an§V c. dmcmdcH$a, _w§~B© Ÿ&& lr && › VËgV² & lrgÒþado Z_: &

nwU§o - 16 {X. 22/9/1963

lr. am. am. H$_cmH$an§V `m§gr lrñdm_rH¥$noM§o AZoH$moÎm_ Am[edm©X Cnar {deof. {M. {dH$mg `mMr àH¥$Vr AÚmn ~ar Zmhr§, Ago {XgVo d g_OVo. AmnU {H$Vrhr H$m`©_¾ Agcm§V Var H$V©ì` `m Ñï>rZ§o d O~m~Xmar `m Ñï>rZo§ _wcmÀ`m àH¥$VrH$S>o d _§S>itÀ`m àH¥$VrH$S>o cj

n[a{eï> - 3 / 289

XoU§o, AË`§V _hÎdmMr ~m~ Amho. Oer AmnU CnmgZm H$aVmo Ë`mMà_mU§o Hw$Qw>§~mVrc _§S>ir hr gwÕm§ na_oœamMr ñdê$n| AmhoV Ago§ g_OyZ Ë`m§Mr eŠ` Vr godm H$aUo§, hr gwÕm§ B©œamMr nyOmM Amho. kmZoœa _hmamOm§À`m eãXm§V, ""V`m gdm©Ë_H$m§ B©œam & ñdH$_© Hw$gw_m§Mr dram & nyOm Ho$cr hmo` Anmam & VmofmcmJr§ Ÿ&&''

Var h`J` Z H$aVm§ CÎm_moÎm_ S>m°ŠQ>a AJa d¡Ú `m§À`mH$Sy>Z àH¥$Vr VnmgyZ Amamo½` àmárgmR>r§ `mo½` Vo BcmO H$amdo§ d _cm H$idmd§o. earamÀ`m Ñï>rZo§ h| BcmO AmhoV. AmVm§ Ord H$_© àmaãYm§Zwgma Am{YX¡{dH$ d Am{Y^m¡{VH$ Šcoe d ì`m{Y {ZdmaÊ`mH$[aVm S>m°ŠQ>a AJa d¡Ú Cn`moJr Zmhr§V. Ë`mgmR>r§ B©œamMrM CnmgZm Amdí`H$ AgVo. Var Amnë`mcm eŠ` Pmë`mg, lrñdm_r g_W© _R>, A¸$cH$moQ> coZ `oW§o lrñdm_tMo nmXwH$m§da Xa Jwédmar§ EH$ éÐmMr EH$mXeUr ImÌrÀ`m ~«m÷UmH$Sy>Z H$admdr d Vo VrW© d A§Jmam _wcmcm d _§S>itZm Úmdo§. Vgo§M O_ë`mg Mm§Jë`m ~«m÷UmH$Sy>Z _hm_¥Ë`w§O`mMm MVwX©eàUdr On AH$am hOma H$adyZ ¿`mdm. eŠ`Va ~«m÷UmZ§o Vmo On Vw_À`m amhÊ`mMo§ OmJ§oV `oD$Z H$amdm. {M. {dH$mgH$[aVm§ d Amnë`m _§S>itH$[aVm§ CÚm§nmgyZ `oW§o ltÀ`m nmXwH$m§da Amnë`m Zmd§o VohVrg {Xdg XaamoO EH$ `m à_mU§o VohVrg éÐmÀ`m EH$mXeÊ`m H$aÊ`m§g gwédmV H$arV Amho d _hm_¥Ë`w§O`mMm Onhr (MVwX©eàUdr) AH$am hOma H$adyZ KoV Amho. Vgo§M lrgáeVrMo ~oMmirg nmR> VohVrg {Xdgm§V H$adyZ KoUma Amho. VohVrg {Xdg nwa§o hmoBªn`ªV Amnë`mcm amoO A§Jmam d àgmX nmR>{dcm OmB©c. Vwåhm§gmR>r C^o ñdm_r `mo{JamO & nyU© H$arVr H$mO `moJ jo_r§ am̧{Xg Vwåhm§ gm§^m{iVr ñdm_r & cj Úmd§o Zm_t AZÝ`Ëd| gd© qMVm ^ma Kmcm ñdm_rdar & {ZdmaU H$ar g§H$Q>mM § §o Xmg åhUo ñdê$nr§ ñdm_rÀ`m a_mdo§ & VoU§o YÝ` ìhmd§o OrdZm§V

&& 1 && && 2 && && 3 && && 4 &&

Amncr lÕm, ^{º$ d {Zð>m AZwn_ AmhoV EdT§>oM {c{hVmo. Amnë`m _§S>ircm d _wcmcm AZoH$ CÎm_ Am[edm©X, nÌmMr ^mfm H$Xm{MV Amnë`mcm H$S>H$ dmQ>oc Var amJ _mZy§ Z`o. H$imd§o, ho Am{edm©X. Amncm, lrgÒþéMaUaO {d. J. Omoer.

290 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

21. à{V - lr. H$_cmH$an§V c. dmcmdcH$a, _w§~B© && lr && › VËgV² & lrgÒþado Z_: &

nwUo§ - 16 {X. 20/7/1965

{M. am. H$_cmH$an§V `m§gr lrñdm_rH¥$noMo AZoH$ CÎm_ Amerdm©X C. {d.Amnco nÌ {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. AmO gH$mir§M AmnUm§cm _r nÌ {c{hc§o d gm`§H$mir Amnco§ nÌ Amc§.o Amncr àH¥$Vr ~ar hmoV Amho ho§ dmMyZ A{Ve` AmZ§X Pmcm. AmnUm§cm cm¡H$am§V cm¡H$a ~a§o dmQ>mdo§ `mgmR>r ltMo MaUr§ àmW©Zm H$arV Amho§. H$m§hr§ H$miOr H$ê§$ Z`o. lrgÒþé ~m~m Amnco nmR>rer§ gX¡d AmhoV d Amnc§o ZrQ> ajU H$arV AmhoV `mMr ImÌr ~miJm. g§gma hm gwIXw:I [_{lV Amho. Ho$ìhm§ Bï> Ho$ìhm§ A{Zï> àmaãY `oV§o V§o ^moJyZ g§ndm`M§o AgV§o. gmYZm H$aÊ`mgmR>r§ d ì`dhmam§V nS>ë`mZ§Va ì`dhmamgmR>r§ earamMr _w»` Amdí`H$Vm d V§ho r gwÑT> d gwpñWVr§V Agmd§o cmJV§.o `mgmR>rM § Ë`mMrhr H$miOr KoUo§ AË`§V OéarM§o d Amdí`H$ AgVo.§ ZXr§VZy ncrH$S>o Omd`mM§o Va Zm§d nm{hOo d Vr ZrQ> Agmdr ~wS>y§ Z`o `mgmR>r Ë`m Zm§dc o m VocnmUr cmdmd§M o cmJV§o VaM Vr H$m_ XoV.o `m ^§dgmJam§VZy ZrQ>nUo§ Z ~wS>Vm§ ghrgcm_V n¡cVramcm Omd`mMo Agë`mg Vr Zm§d ZrQ> R>do crM nm{hOo d Ë`mgmR>r§ {VMr H$miOrhr KoVcr nm{hOo. nÏ` nmiU§,o ZrQ> Am¡fY KoU,o§ CJmM YmdmYm§d ZH$mo. doiÀ`m doir§ OodU KoUo§ d ZrQ> em§VnU§o H$miOr Z H$aVm§ Aä`mg O_oc VodT>m H$aU§,o Vmn {ZKVm§M cJoM YmdmYm§d H$ê§$ ZH$m. Vmn CcQ>Ê`mMm g§^d AgVmo. `mo½` H$miOr ¿`m. Amnë`m _§S>itZm§ d _wcmcm ltMo g§nU y n© U§o g§ajU AmhoM Amho `mMr ImÌr ~miJm. ltMo H¥$noZo§ gd© H$m§hr§ R>rH$ hmoB©c. Zm_ñ_aU d Aä`mg H$aU§o _hÎdmM§o. Amnë`m _§S>itZr§hr Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVcoc| Adí` H$amd§.o nwT>o§ AmnU `mc Ë`mdoir§ AmZ§XmZ§o ^oQ> hmoB©cM. _mPr àH¥$Vr R>rH$ Amho. ltMo ñWmZm§V gd© R>rH$ Amho. gd© {dd§MZm Ë`m§Zm§M Amho. Vo KS>{dVrc Ë`mà_mU§o hmoB©c. em§VnUo§ Ë`m§Mr godm H$arV amhU§o ho§M H$V©ì`. lr. Zm_Omoer JwéOr doido a `oV AgVrcM. gd© H$m`©H$« _ ZrQ> H$aVmV qH$dm Zmhr§ V§o H$i{dU§.o AmnU ~ao hmoD$Z cm¡H$a ltMo Xe©Zmg `oW§o `oD$Z Omc Aer ew^oÀN>m H$arV Amho§. Amnë`m _§S>itZm d _wcmcm A{edm©X. lr_Vr AmBªZm Z_ñH$ma. Ë`m§MoH$S>rc gd©Ìm§g A{edm©X. lr. XogmB© `m§MHo $S>rc gd©Ìm§g A{edm©X. lr. Zm_Omoer JwéOtZm d Ë`m§MHo $S>rc gd©Ìm§g A{edm©X. Amnco d{S>cm§Zm Z_ñH$ma. Amnco XmoÝhr ~§Yy§Zm§ d Ë`m§MoH$S>rc gd©Ìm§g A{edm©X. H$imd§o ho A{edm©X. Amncm, lrgÒþéMaUaO {d. J. Omoer. n[a{eï> - 3 / 291

22. à{V - gm¡. {Z_©cmVmB© ZriH§$R>amd Iao, dYm© && lr && && › VV² gV²Ÿ && && lrgÒþado Z_: Ÿ&&

nwUo§, {X. 21/4/1973

{M. gm¡. {Z_©cmVmB© `m§gr lrñdm_rg_W© H¥$noMo AZoH$moÎm_ Am{edm©X Cnar§ {deof Amnco§ nÌ {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. {M. amO|Ð hm gwIê$n nwÊ`mg `oD$Z nmohmoMcm. H$mcM `oWo§ ltÀ`m ñWmZmV Xe©Zmg `oD$Z Jocm. Vmo `oW§o XmoZ-VrZ {Xdg amhÊ`mgmR>r§ `oUma Amho åhUyZ åhUmcm. Iwemc Amho. H$miOr H$ê$§ Z`o. gd© _wcm§Zm Ë`m§À`m narjoV gw`e àmá ìhmd§o `mgmR>r lrgÒþé ~m~m§Mo MaUr àmW©Zm Ho$cr Amho. {M. g§Ü`m {hcm ñWi ~hþV H$ê$Z ZmJnya AJa A_amdVr `m XmoZ {R>H$mUm§VM Jmdr§M H$moR>oVar§ {_ioc. IQ>nQ> Mmcy R>odmdr. lrgÒþé ~m~m§À`m H¥$noZo {VMo c¾ `oË`m _mJ©erf© Vo _mK _{hÝ`mn`ªV hmoB©c. H$miOr H$ê$Z Var OmñV H$m` hmoUma. _r {XZm§H$ 23/4/73 amoOr§ `oWyZ _w§~B©g OmV Amho d VoWyZ nwT>o§ H$moH$UmV OmV Amho. naV nwÊ`mcm 22-23 _oÀ`m gw_mamg XmoZ-VrZ {Xdg `oB©Z Ag§o åhUVmo. H$m` KS>oc Vo Iao§. H$m§hr§ Jmoï>r Aem AmhoV H$s Ë`m Vwåhr ñdV: ^oQ>mc Ë`mdoir§ g_j ~mocVm§ `oVrc. _mPo OrdZ ho§ gd©ñdr ~m~m§À`m MaUr§ dm{hcoc§o åhUOo Ë`m§ZrM dmhdyZ KoVcoc§o åhUOo ñdrH¥$V Ho$coc§o Amho. AmVm ho§ eara åhUOo Ho$di EH$ `§Ì Amho. AmVm lrgÒþé ~m~m ho Á`mà_mUo§ ho§ `§Ì MmcdVmV, Ë`mà_mU§o Vo§ MmcVo§. `mnojm OmñV H$m` {chÿ§. `m OrdZm§V dmJÊ`mMo H$m§hr§ {Z`_ d VÎd§o R>acocr§ AmhoV d Vg§o dmJV AgVm§Zm Hw$Umcm cmo^ dmQ>oc, Hw$Umcm amJ `oB©c. na§Vw VÎdàUmcrZwgma godH$ ^mdmZ§o dmJV amhU§o `odT§>oM _mPo H$m_. Vwåhmcm àH¥$Vr_mZ ~a§o Zgoc Va S>m°ŠQ>acm àH¥$Vr XmIdmdr AJa d¡Úmcm àH¥$Vr XmIdmdr d doir§M Am¡fYmonMma H$adyZ ¿`mdo§ h§o ~a|. `m àn§MmV AZoH$ Ord Ë`m§À`m Ë`m§À`m ~è`mdmB©Q> JVg§H$ënmZwgma EH$m Hw$Qw>§~mV EH$Ì `oVmV. g_g§H$ën AgVmV Vmon`ªV ào_mZo§, AmZ§XmZ§o Am{U {_ÌËdmZ§o dmJVmV. na§Vw àmaãYmH$_m©Zwgma Oa H$Xm{MV² {df_ g§H$ën ^moJmd`mg nwT>o Amco Va VoM ào_r§ Ord cJoM {df_g§H$ënmZwgma EH$_oH$m§Mo H$Å>o eÌy hmoVmV d EH$_oH$m§Zm {damoYmZ§o Ìmg XoÊ`m§g gwédmV H$aVmV. hm OJmVrc ñÌrnwéfê$nmZ§o IoiUmè`m na_oœamMm AZmH$cZr` Ioi _r gVV nmhmV Amho. em§V amhm. B©œamMo Zm_ñ_aU H$am. OodT>m {_ioc VodT>m H$mi B©eqMVZmV Kmcdm. ñdH$V©ì`nam`U amhm. eŠ` Vmo Ý`m` Zr{VY_m©Z§o

292 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

dmJmdo§. {ddoH$ {dMma Am{U ^{º$ Am{U {damJVm `m§Mm AmYma KoD$Z Mmcco§ AgVm§ OrdZm§V _Zwî`mcm em§VrMm AmYma d cm^ {_iVmo. em§Vr d AmZ§X hr _mZÊ`mda Amho. lrgÒþé ~m~m§À`m H¥$noZ§o Vw_Mo gd© CÎm_ hmoB©c `mMr ImÌr ~miJm. Ë`m§Mr H¥$nm Vwåhm§ gd© Hw$Qw>§{~`m§da Amho. BH$S>ohr `§Xm CÝhmim \$ma Amho. 108 A§e Q>|naoMa `mM _{hÝ`mV OmD$§ cmJco§ Amho. _hmJmB© namH$moQ>rcm nmohm§oMcr Amho. nwaogo AÞYmÝ` aoeqZJda {_iV Zmhr. _YyZ _YyZ nmÊ`mMrgwÕm AmoaS> hmoVo. Xod R>odrc Vgo§ amhmU§o Ordmcm ^mJ Amho Ag§o åhUV AgVmo. `oW§o ltÀ`m ñWmZmV gd© R>rH$ Amho. Zoh_rMo H$m`©H«$_ Mmcy AmhoV. lrg§V Zm_Xod _hmamO, lrkmZoœa _hmamO, lrVwH$mam_ _hmamO, lrEH$ZmW _hmamO `m§Mr M[aÌo dmMyZ nm{hcr§ Va g_mOmZo Ë`m§Mm {H$Vr N>i Ho$cm d na_ B©œa{Zð>m Am{U ^º$s AgyZhr Ë`m§Zm jUmojUr§ H$go§ d {H$Vr Xw:I ghZ H$amd§o cmJco§ h§o {XgV|. _mPo gX²>Jwé lrgÒþé ~m~m `m§Mmhr H$gH$í`m arVrZo nwÊ`mV N>i Pmcm ho Vwåhm§g _m{hVr Amho. "àmaãY H$_©Um ^moJmXod j`:Ÿ&' hrM Jmoï> Iar. lrgÒþé ~m~m§Zm Va cmoH$m§Zr H$mhr§ H$mhr§ doim Ìm{h ^JdmZ H$ê$Z gmoS>co§ Amho. lrg§V VwH$mam_ _hmamOm§Mm EH$ A^§J AmR>dcm Vmo {c{hVmo. Xoh Vd Amho àmaãYmAYrZ & `mMm _r H$m§ erU dmhÿ§ ^ma gamo _mPm H$mi Vw{P`m qMVZ| & H$m`m dmMm _Z§o BpÀN>Vgo cm^ Vmo Z {Xgo Am{UH$ Xwgam & H¥$noÀ`m XmVmam `oU§o OÝ_| VwH$m åhUo Amcmo gmoerV g§H$Q>o§ & H$_r _mP§o dmoIQ>o Amho Xodm

&& 1 && && 2 && && 3 && && 4 &&

`m A^§JmMm {dMma H$aVm d AWm©H$S>o cj XoVm, IamoIaM hm A^§J _hÎdmMm Amho. VgmM Xwgam lrEH$ZmW _hmamOm§Mm A^§J AmR>dcm Vmohr nwT>o {c{hVmo. AmdS>rZ§o ^mdo har Zm_ Kogr & VwPr qMVm Ë`mgr gd© Amho gH$c Ordm§Mm H$[aVmo gm§^mi & VwO _moH$crc Eog§o Zmhr ZH$mo IoX H$ê§$$ H$moUË`m Jmoï>rMm & nVr cú_rMm nmhVg| EH$m OZmX©Zr ^moJ àmaãYmMm & har H¥$n| Ë`mMm Zme hmo`

Ÿ

&& 1 && && 2Ÿ&& && 3 && && 4 &&

`mhr A^§JmMm g§nyU© {dMma Ho$cm AgVm§, Ordmcm Mm§JcmM AW©~moY KoVm§ `oVmo. g§V åhUVmV "Amnwc§o H$ë`mU BpÀN>Uo§ O`mgr & VoUo `m Zm_mgr {dg§~y Z`oŸ&&' {_ioc VodT>m doi, "lrZ_: {edm`' `m Zm_ñ_aUmV Kmcdmdm. Vw_À`m gd© Hw$Qw>§~mMm {dMma H$amd`mMm åhUOo Ë`m§V Vwåhr, Vw_Mo `O_mZ, Vw_Mo _wcJo d Vw_À`m _wcr, Ë`mMà_mUo§ Vw_Mo XmoZ Xra, Vw_À`mH$S>o amhmV Agcocr Vw_Mr ZU§X, AmOr~mB© `m gdmªÀ`m H$_©g_wÀM`mMm EH${ÌV {dMma H$ê$Z _JM ^mH$sV H$amd§o cmJoc. àË`oH$mMo H$m{`H$, dm{MH$ d _mZ{gH$ BhOÝ_r§Mo H$_© d àË`oH$mMo nyd©àmaãYH$_© Ë`mMn«_mUo§ àË`oH$mMm AmMma {dMma d CÀMma, ImU§o{nU§o dJ¡ao gd© Jmoï>tMm g§nyU© {dMma H$amdm cmJVmo. "AmMma: n[a{eï> - 3 / 293

àW_mo Y_©: Ÿ&' Ago dMZ Amho. `m gdmªMm {dMma H$ê$Z _J Ë`m Hw$Qw>§~mV Hw$cY_©, Hw$imMma nmico OmVmV qH$dm Zmhr. AmMma H$go§ AmhoV? Á`m {R>H$mUr§ ho gd© Ord amhVmV Vo§ Ka d Vr OmJm H$er Amho ? Vg§oM ñWc d H$mcmMmhr {dMma H$ê$Z _J Ë`m gd© Hw$Qw>§~mMo d Ë`mVrc ì`qº$Mo ^m{H$V R>admd§o cmJVo. Agmo. Vwåhr ñdV: {edcrcm_¥V dmMmd§o. lrgÒþé ~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo M[aÌ, lrgÒþé ~m~m§Mo M[aÌ d ^mJdV dmMmd§o åhUOo _Z:em§{V {_iyZ _ZmoY¡`© àmá hmoB©c. nwÝhm EH$Xm {c{hVmo H$s, lrgÒþé ~m~m§À`m H¥$noZ§o Vwåhr gd© g§H$Q>mVyZ d àg§Jm§VyZ {Z^mdyZ nma nS>mc. lr. ~mimgmho~ `m§Zm Z_ñH$ma, AmOtZm Z_ñH$ma, lr. _moamon§V d Amnë`m ZU§X~mB© `m§g Z_ñH$ma. {M. g§Ü`mcm d {M. Za|Ð `mcm Amerdm©X. gm¡. ZramH$S>o AmOM 20 én`m§Mr _.Am°.~mi§V{dS>m åhUyZ lr. Aê$Uamd `m§Mo Zmd§o Ho$cr Amho. Ë`m§Mm nÎmm {M. amO|Ð `mZo `oWo H$mc gm§{JVcm. lr. ~mimgmho~ `m§Zr d Vwåhr ñdV: Amnë`m àH¥$Vrg OnyZ amhmU§o. H$imdo§, Amncm, lrgX²Jwé MaUaO, {d. J. Omoer.

23. à{V - lr. {dœZmW XÎmmÌo` à^wXogmB©, {X„r - 5 Ÿ&& lr && › VËgV² & lrgÒþado Z_: &

Vmc_H$s dmS>r, _w~§ B© -7 {X. 16/3/1958

{M. am. {dœZmWamd `m§gr lrñdm_rH¥$noMo AZoH$ CÎm_ Am{edm©X. Cnar§ {deof Amncr§ ņo {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. AmnU ~hþYm _mM© AIoa _w§~B©g `mc Ag§o {c{hVm§, Ë`mà_mU§o AmnU `mcM. {Z`_rVnU§o O_oc Ë`mà_mUo Aä`mg Ho$cm åhUOo JwéH¥$noZ§o _mJm©V àJ{V hmoV AgVoM, `mMr ImÌr Agmdr. gH$minmgyZ g§Ü`mH$min`ªV `oUmè`m àË`oH$ d¥Îmr§M§o g§emoYZ Ho$co§ Am{U Ë`m gd©À`m gd© PmonÊ`mMo doir§ lrà^wMaUr§ An©U Ho$ë`m Va \$maM Mm§Jco. AZwg§YmZ amhrc Ë`mà_mU§o R>odmd§o. AmnU ~hþYm öfrHo$ecm OmD$Z Amcm§ AgmcM. am. ~mUmdcr `m§Mo§ c¾ 1 _o amoOr§ _w§~BªV ìhmd`mMo§

294 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Amho. Amnco Kar§ ltMm àgmX nmohm§oM{dÊ`mgmR>r§ lr. am. am_^mD$ AmR>ë`o ho 5-6 {Xdgm§nydu Joco hmoVo. Ë`mdê$Z Amnco KaMr gd© _§S>ir jo_ AmhoV. _r CÚm åhUOo {XZm§H$ 17/3/58 amoOr§ Jmoì`mg Omd`mg {ZKV Amho. _oMo n{hë`m AmR>dS>çm§V ~hþYm naV `oB©Z. àH¥$Vrcm OnyZ dmJmd§o. lr. d gm¡. _a~ùir `m§Mo AmnUmg Am{edm©X. H$imd§o h§o Am{edm©X. Amncm lrgÒþéMaUaO, {d. J. Omoer.

24. à{V - lr. ~mnyamd ^mQ>dS>oH$a, {MniyU Ÿ&& › VV² gV² Ÿ&& && lrJwéXod XÎmmÌo`m` Z_: &&

&& lrgÒþé àgÞŸ&& nm¡f dÚ 8, a{ddma {X.20-1-52 OZVml_, KmUoH$a `m§Mo Ka, 2449, daMr Amir,aËZm{Jar

lr. am. am. ~mnyamd ^mQ>dS>oH$a `m§gr gào_ Z_ñH$ma, {d. {d. _r d ~wdm Ago XmoKo _§Jidmar naV {MniwUmg Amcm§o. Amncm Vnmg Ho$cm; na§Vw AmnU lrJUnVrnwù`mg Joë`mMo§ g_Oc§o. ~wYdmar§ Amåhr§ {MniyUhÿZ gmdS>çm©g Jocm§o. VoW§o e{Zdman`ªV amhÿZ e{Zdmar§ aËZm{Jarg _r EH$Q>mM Amcm§o. AmVm§ `oWrc H$m_o§ CaHy$Z lr _hmamOm§Mo g_mYrMo H$m_mH$[aVm§ 10 EH$ {Xdgm§V _w§~B©g OmB©Z. _r {MniyU `oW§o Amë`mdoir§ AmoiI ZgVm§hr doi _moSy>Z AmnU Oo§ AmnwcH$sZo§ d ào_mZ§o gmø Ho$c§o Ë`m~Ôc \$maM AmZ§X dmQ>cm. AmnUm§H$S>o nÍ`m§H$[aVm AO© {Xcm Amho. Ë`m§V 10 \w$Q>r nÌo {c{hco AmhoV na§Vw nadm§ nwÝhm nmhVm nÌo 12 \w$Q>r cmJVmV Var eŠ`Va 12 \w$Q>r gmoim nÌo XoÊ`mMr ì`dñWm H$amdr. Amnc§o nÌ OmVm§M ~wdm AmncoH$S>o `oD$Z ì`dñWm H$aVrc. lr _hmamOm§Mo g_mYrMo H$m_m~Ôc AmnUm§g AmñWm {Xgcr. Var eŠ`Vm§o OmñV _XV {_i{dÊ`mMr IQ>nQ> H$amdr. lr._hmamO AmnUm§g gwIr R>odmoV. XoUJrXmam§Mr Zmd§o d nÎmo _cm H$idmdo åhUOo cJoM nmdË`m H$ê$Z nmR>drZ. _wcm§g Am{edm©X. ^oQ>rMm gw`moJ cdH$aM `odmo. H$imd§o cmo^ Agmdm hr {dZ§Vr. Amncm {dÇ>b JUoe Omoer. n[a{eï> - 3 / 295

25. à{V - lr. _YwH$an§V {d. H$mio, XmohX, JwOamW Ÿ&& lr && Ÿ&& › VV² gV² Ÿ&& Ÿ&& lrgÒþado Z_:Ÿ&&

nwU,o {X. 13/8/61

lr. am. _YwH$an§V `m§gr lrñdm_rH¥$noMo AZoH$moÎm_ Am{edm©X. Cnar {deof. Amnco 9/8 Mo nÌ {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. {ZO{hV ~moY d Aï>H§o$ _ZZnyd©H$ dmMmdr d AmZ§X ¿`mdm. gdmªMr CnmgZm {ZË`mà_mUoM Mmcy Agmdr. Xodm _cm ewÕ ^º$s^md Xo d VwPr godm _mÂ`m eº$sà_mU§o _mÂ`mH$Sy>Z {Zh}VwH$nUo H$adyZ Ko. H$moUË`mhr, gwImÀ`m dm Xw:ImÀ`m n[apñWVrV VwPr BÀN>m Agoc Ë`mà_mUo _cm R>od d Vo àmaãYH$_© ^moJyZ g§n{dÊ`mMr _cm VmH$X Xo. gd© H$mi d gd© n[apñWVrV {Za§Va VwPo Zm_ _mÂ`m ñ_aUm§V d _wImV `oD$ Xo d VwPo ê$n gXmo{XV _mÂ`m Z`Zm§V {Xgy§ Xo. _mPr ~wÕr ewÕ d ñWra H$a. _mPr Ah§Vm d H$ënZm hr VwÂ`m nm`mOdi An©U H$adyZ Ko. Xod _mPm, _r XodmMm ho§M _mÂ`m {MÎmm§V gVV amhÿ Xo. Vy§M _mPm _m`~mn, JUJmoV gd© H$m§hr§ Amhog. VyM _cm Ordê$nmZ§o {dœmV AmUcog Am{U _cm OrdJ«§WtMm ^oX H$ê$Z _mPr ~ÕVoMr H$ënZm Zm{her H$ê$Z VwÂ`m {edñdê$nm§V gm_mdyZ KoUma. Vy§M gd© eº$sdmZ AZ§V, Anma Amhog. VyM na_ kmZ d Vy§M na_gË` ñdê$n d àH$me Amhog. Ë`m {Ma§VZ Aem na_em§V VwÂ`m ñdê$nm§V _cm VwPm ^º$ åhUyZ VwÂ`m MaUmnmer§ R>od. _mPo hrV d AZ{hV VwcmM H$iVo. _mPo AmË_{ZdoXZ d AmË_g_n©U hrM _mPo nm_amMr VwPo MaUt ^º$s Amho. ho öX`ñW na_oœam Vwcm _mPo {dZ_«^md§o eVe: àUm_ Ago XodmOdi _mJmdo§. lr. ~mimgmho~ d lr. d¡Ú `m§Mo AmnUmg Z_ñH$ma. H$imdo ho Am{edm©X. Amncm, gX²JwéMaUaO, {d. J. Omoer.

26. && lr && && › VV² gV² &&Ÿ && lrgÒþado Z_: &&

nwU,§o {X. 5/4/65

{M. am. _YwH$an§V `m§gr lrñdm_rH¥$noMo AZoH$moÎm_ Am{edm©X. Cnar {deof. Amnc§o {X.3/3/65 296 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

M§o nÌ {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. AmnUm§ C^`Vm§À`m Vã`oVr ~è`m AmhoV d CnmgZmhr H$arV Amhm§V h§o dmMyZ g_mYmZ dmQ>co§. Amnë`m CnmgZo§V dmT> hmodmo d lrgÒþé ~m~m§À`m H¥$noZ§o AmnUm§cm _mZgrH$ ñW¡`© d g_mYmZ {_imo d Amnc§o Bhna H$ë`mU hmodmo Aer àmW©Zm ltMo MaUr§ Ho$cr Amho. ÑT> ^md, ewÕ ^{º$ d godm `mZ§oM Ordmcm na_oœar H¥$nm cm^V AgVo. Xodmcm ewÕ ^{º$MrM Amdí`H$Vm AgVo. Vmo gX¡d àË`oH$mMo A§Va§JmV Amho. Ë`mM§o Xe©Z hmoÊ`mgmR>r§ Zm_ñ_aU, _ZZ, {ZOÜ`mg, ewÕ AmMma {dMma, gwg§JVr, gwdmgZm d g§Vm§Mr M[a̧o dmMUo Agm _mJ© Amho. Ü`mZ`wº$ On gmYoc Vmo H$amdm. _Z hiyhiy em§V hmoB©c d B§{Ð`m§M§ohr {Z`_Z hiyhiy hmoB©c. CXmg hmoD§$ ZH$m. B©œa nm{R>amIm Amho hr ImÌr ~miJm. gXm gd©H$mi Zm_ _wIr§ ¿`md§o & Zm_rV§o nhmdo§ S>moù`m_mOr _Z cmdmoZr`m§ H$amd§o ñ_aU & VoU§o XÎm nyU© H¥$nm H$ar {ZË` XÎm Ü`mZr§ Agmd§o a§JmoZ Ÿ& VoUo§ g_mYmZ nmdmc Jm XÎm JwUJmZ, crcm§Mo§ ldU & VoU| B§{Ð`JU em§V hmo` Xmg åhUo cmJmo XÎm Zm_r§ Ü`mg & VoU o M §o gwImg nmdmc Jm

&& 1Ÿ&& && 2 && && 3 && && 4 && && 5 &&

Amnco _§S>itZm d Ë`m§Mo ^mMrcm Am{edm©X. H$imdo ho Am{edm©X. Amncm, lrgÒþéMaUaO {d. J. Omoer.

27. Ÿ&& lr && &&› VV² gV²Ÿ && && lrgÒþado Z_: &&

nwU,o§ {X. 18/7/68

lr. am. _YwH$an§V `m§gr lrñdm_rH¥$noMo AZoH$moÎm_ Am{edm©X. Cnar {deof. Amnc§o 15/7 Mo nÌ {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. ZdZmW H$Wmgma {Z`{_V dmMmdo§. gdmªMr {ZË` CnmgZm ì`dpñWV Mmcy Amho, Ë`mà_mU§o Mmcy§ Agmdr. CnmgZoMmM EH$_od AmYma àË`oH$ Ordmcm VmaH$ Amho. OrdmMm OÝ_moOÝ_rMm gm§JmVr EH$_od na_oœaM Amho d Vmo gXmo{XV öX`m§V AgVmo. Ë`mcm ^oQ>Ê`mMm gX¡d à`ËZ Agmdm. ao{S>Amo Iyn doi ImVmo, `mcm H$maU _Zmda Vm~m Zmhr§. emñÌr` g§JrV EoH$mdo na§Vw 24 Vmg

n[a{eï> - 3 / 297

Mmccoco OrdmMo gmo@h§ g§JrV EoH$U§o ho _mZdmMo Iao H$V©ì` Amho. _moh Amdê$Z _Z lrharÀ`m {R>H$mUr§ di{dU§o d _ZmMr {df`m§Mr JmoS>r gmoS>dyZ Ë`mcm h[aZm_m_¥V àmeZ H$aÊ`mMr g§d` cmdUo hm Iam na_mW©. _cm _mJ©erf© _{hÝ`m{edm` ~S>moÚmg `oVm `oB©c Ag§o dmQ>V Zmhr§§. lr. H$mioH$mH$m, Ë`m§Mr _§S>ir, {M. àH$me d {M. gXm{ed hr Jwénm¡{U©_ocm `oWo§ 4-5 {Xdgm§H$[aVm `oD$Z Jocr. 14/ 7 cm Vr ~S>moÚmg admZm Pmcr. Ë`m§Mo~amo~a lr. dPoH$mH$mhr {VH$S>o Joco AmhoV. 22 cm naV `oVrc. lr. ~mimgmho~ d Jmonmi AmXr gdmªMo AmnUmg Z_ñH$ma. _mPr àH¥$Vr R>rH$. Amncr _§S>ir d {M. Á`moVr `m§g Am{edm©X. H$imdo§ ho Am{edm©X. Amncm, gÒþéMaUaO {d. J. Omoer

28. Ÿ&& lr && && › VV² gV² && && lrgÒþado Z_: &&

nwU,§o {X. 9/4/71

lr. am. _YwH$an§V H$mio `m§gr lrñdm_rH¥$noMo AZoH$moÎm_ Am{edm©X. Cnar {deof Amnco§ 6.4.71 Mo nÌ {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. AmnUm gdmªMo ì`dpñWV (Aì`dpñWV Zmhr åhUyZ ì`dpñWV) CnmgZm d X¡Z§{XZ H$m`©H«$_ Mmcco AmhoV, ho dmMyZ g_mYmZ dmQ>co. {ZË` CnmgZm ZrQ> ì`dpñWV Mmcy R>odU§o. M|Sy> hm \o$H$ë`mZ§Va OmoamZo§ Cgir KoVmo d Cgù`m KoV KoV AmnmoAmnM ñWramdVmo. Vg§oM _ZmM§ohr Amho. _Z ho dmgZoÀ`m Omoamda EH$gmaIo g§H$ën {dH$ën H$arV OmoamZo§ C\$miV d YmdV AgVo. Vmo Ë`mMm ñd^mdM Amho. Am{U hm Ë`mMm ñd^md H$_r ìhmdm Am{U dmgZoMo {Z_y©cZ ìhmd§o `mgmR>r§ Ë`m _Zmcm, {ZË` Am{U A{ZË` ho OmUUmè`m {ddoH$mMr Am{U {dMmamMr OmoS> Úmd`mMr. ewÕ ^º$sÀ`m {Oìhmù`mZ§o Ë`m _Zmcm Jm|Omamd`mMo Am{U Á`mà_mU§o YmdV gwQ>Umè`m AmS>Xm§S> OZmdamÀ`m Jù`m§V cmH$S>mMo _moR>o Wmoaco cmoT>U§o ~m§YVmV, åhUOo Vo Ymdmd`mMo H$_r hmoVo, Ë`mMà_mU§o `m _Zmoê$nr OZmdamÀ`m Jù`mV H$moUË`mhr {df`mMm A{^cmf Z YaU§o, ho d¡am½`mMo H$mï> ~m§Ymd`mMo. `mà_mU§o Ho$ë`mg Vo _Z hiyhiy g§H$ën {dH$ënmMo cmQ>m Cgimd`mMo gmoSy>Z hiyhiy pñWamdVo. d _J Ë`m ñWra Pmcoë`m _Z Am{U ~wÕr_Ü`§o AmnmoAmnM ñdê$nmMo à{Vq~~ nS>Vo d Ë`mMo AI§S> Ü`mZ cmJë`mZo, eodQ>r _Z h§o Z hmoVo åhUOo Zmhrgo§ hmoVo d {Z{d©H$ën g_mYrMr pñWVr AI§S> Aä`mgmZo hmoD$Z eodQ>r dmgZoMo {Z_y©cZ hmoD$Z ñdê$n gmjmËH$ma hmoVmo Am{U OÝ_ _aUmÀ`m \o$è`mVyZ Ord gwQy>Z ñdñdê$nr§ crZ hmoVmo. ^moJ ho ^moJyZ gwQ>V ZgVmV, Va CcQ> Ë`m~ÔcMr Amgº$s dmT>V AgVo. nU {ddoH$ Am{U

298 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

{dMmamZ§o Ho$coë`m Ë`mJmZ§o ^moJdmgZm AmnmoAmnM jrU hmoV OmVmV. B©œar à{V_oMo nyOZ, Zm_ñ_aU, g§Vm§Mr g§JVr, g§VM[aÌm§Mo dmMZ, gX²>J«§Wm§Mo dmMZ, _ZZ Am{U Ü`mZ `mZo _Z ewÕ hmoV OmVo. d ewÕ {MÎm, M¡VÝ`m§V {_gimd`mg doi cmJV Zmhr§. H¥$nm H$ar§ Xodam`m & Amdar ho XwY©a _m`m {eUcm§o ~hÿ _m`mg§J| & AmVm CS>r Kmcr doJo§ VmoS>r {df`m§Mm g§J & H$ar§ ^º$s_mOr X§J Ÿ VwP§o ê$n Xmdr S>moim§ & VoUo§ AmZ§X gmohim _wIr§ VwP§o dgmo Zm_ & OoU§o OmoS>o nwéfmoÎm_ Vd ê$nmM§o V§o Ü`mZ & cmdr _O am̧{XZ Xmg åhUo ho _wamar & H¥$nm H$at Jm gËdar

&& 1 && && 2 && && 3 && Ÿ&& 4 && Ÿ&& 5 && Ÿ&& 6 && Ÿ&& 7 &&

`mà_mU§o à^yMr àmW©Zm ewÕ _ZmZ§o Am{U ^{º$^mdmZo§ Ho$ë`mg Vmo A§Va§JrMm AmË_mam_, Ordmda ImÌrZo§ H¥$nm Ho$ë`m{edm` amhmV Zmhr. _mÌ AZÝ`^mdmZo§ eaU OmUo§ Am{U ewÕ^md Am{U ^{º$ AgU§o Oê$a. Omd`mMo Amho _w§~B©g Am{U _mJ© MmcVmo Amho H$cH$Î`mMm. `mZo§ H$Yr§M _w§~B©g OmVm `oUma Zmhr§. àmaãY ^moJyZ g§n{dU§o d lrharMo MaUr§ AZÝ`^mdo§ OrdZ g_{n©V H$aU§o `m~Ôc lrkmZoœa _mD$cr åhUVo ""_m{i`| OoCV§o Zoc§o Ÿ& VoCV| {Zdm§V{M Joc| Ÿ& V`m nm{U`m Eog§o Amnwc| Ÿ& OrdZ hmoAmd| Jm§ ŸŸ&&''

`mà_mU§o g§gmamV amhÿZhr dmgZm O`, dmgZoMm c` Am{U dmgZoMm j` H$aVm§ `oVmo. g§`_mZ§o d AË`§V XjVmnyd©H$ g§gmamV dmJë`mg, hiyhiy {df`m§Mr H$Qw>Vm cjmV `oVo d AmnmoAmnM _Z emœV Aem à^wOtÀ`m ^º$sH$S>o diy cmJVo. _moj _mJm©da dmQ>Mmc H$aUmè`m nm§{WH$mZ§o `mMr V`mar jUmojUr§ H$aU§o Oê$a Amho. lr. ^mD$amd H$mio ho H$Xm{MV _o _{hÝ`m§V _w§~B©g OmVrc. Ë`m§Mr àH¥$Vr AmVm§ gwYmaV Amho d ~arM gwYmacr Amho. Ë`m§Zmhr ~S>moÚmg AmOM nÌ {chrV Amho. `oW§o ltÀ`m ñWmZmV gd© R>rH$ Amho. ñdm_rO`§Vr, am_Zd_r gd© Pmë`m. CÚm§ lrhZw_mZ O`§Vr Amho. _r {X.11/4 cm `oWyZ _w§~B©g OmB©Z d VoWyZ 17/4/71 cm S>oadUcm OmB©Z d VoWyZ OyZ _{hÝ`m§V naV nwÊ`mg `oB©Z Ago R>aco Amho. lr. ~mimgmho~, lr. dPoH$mH$m `m§Mo AmnUmg Z_ñH$ma. {M. gXm{ed hm `oW§o gwQ>rda Amcm Amho. `oË`m Jwédmar§ Vmo _w§~B©g OmB©c d VoWyZ Vmo nwT>§o ~S>moÚmg OmB©c. Vw_MoH$S>o Vmo 4 {Xdg `oUma hmoVm Ago åhUV hmoVm. O_oc Ë`mà_mU§o H$arc. Ë`mMo AmnUmg Z_ñH$ma. Amnë`m _§S>itZm d {M. Á`moVrcm Am{edm©X. H$imd§o ho§ Am{edm©X. Amncm, lrgÒþéMaUaO {d. J. Omoer. n[a{eï> - 3 / 299

29. à{V - S>m°. har^mD$ ^mcM§Ð AmR>ë`o, nmcKa Ÿ&& lr && › VËgV² & lrgÒþado Z_: &

_w~§w B© - 16 {X. 2/11/1966

{M. am. S>m°. har^mD$ `m§gr lrñdm_rH¥$noMo AZoH$ CÎm_ Am{edm©X C. {d. Amncr {XZm§H$ 27/10/66 Mr {MÇ>r d Ë`mgmo~V nmR>{dcoc§o nmg©c {_imco§. AmnU C^`Vm§ gwIê$n Amhm§V d CnmgZmhr Mm§Jcr Mmccr Amho h§o dmMyZ g_mYmZ dmQ>c.o§ CnmgZm hmM _w»` AmYma àË`oH$ Ord_mÌmcm Amho. Ë`mM AmYmamda OrdmM§o ~a§o dmBªQ> gd© Adc§~Zy AgV§.o OJm§Vrc \$º$ EdT>mM ^mJ {OdmMo ~amo~a `oV AgVmo. Var C^`Vm§Zr§ {Z`{_VnU§o CnmgZm XaamoO H$amdr. Amncm Y§Xmhr ~am Mmcy Amho. AmZ§XmMr Jmoï> Amho. Y§Xm hm ~«÷ g_OyZ H$amdm. VoW§o XjVoZ§o dmJmdo§ Ag§o lrgÒþé ~m~m Zoh_r§ gm§JV AgV. Amnë`mH$S>o ZdrZ añVm hmoV Amho, Ag§o AmnU åhUmcm§ hmoVm§; Ë`m ~mOycm nwT§>o dñVrhr hmoB©c. Var Ë`m ~mOycm KamgmR>r§ d eoVrgmR>r§ OmJm nmhmdr. àË`j _mJo§ gd© gm§{JVc§o Amho. OJm§V g§gma åhQ>cm H$s§ Vmo EH$Q>çmZo§ hmoV Zm§hr. g§gmaê$nr JmS>çm§Mr§ XmoZ MmH§o$ AmhoV, ñÌr d nwéf. XmoKm§Zr§hr àË`oH$mMo AmdS>r-{ZdS>rcm WmoS>r\$ma _waS> KmcyZ OwidyZ KoD$Z d EH$_oH$m§Zr gm§dê$Z KoD$Z g§gmam§V dmJUo§ Oê$a Amho. VaM hm eH$Q> Mmcy§ eH$Vmo. Amncr _§S>ir AÚmn chmZ d`mMrM Amho. WmoS>r W§S> Amho hr Jmoï> Iar. na§Vw ñdÀN>Vm, Q>mnQ>rn, gË`, {Zð>m, _ZmMm CXmanUm d hidonUm d AmnUm§~Ôc {ZVm§V AmXa ho d AmUIr nwîH$i JwU {VÀ`m§V AmhoV. {VMo§ Am`wî` àW_ 4 _mUgm§V d V§ohr _w§~B©V Joco§c§o Amho. VoW§o {Vcm EH$Q§>o EH$Q§>o dmQ>U§o AJXr§ gmhOrH$ Amho. Var {VÀ`m Ñï>rZo§hr d gÜ`mÀ`m g_mOmÀ`m Ñï>rZo§hr d gwa{jVVoÀ`m Ñï>rZo§hr AmnU Oam ~è`mn¡H$s§ eoOma Agoc Aer OmJm {~èhmS>mcm ~KUo§ Oê$a d Amdí`H$. npËZ åhUOo h_mc dm JS>r Zìho. Vr J¥hcú_r d J¥hg_«mkr Amho. {Vcm Oa nXmonXr Xw:ImñnX d AdhocZoMr dmJUyH$ {_imcr Va J¥h ho§ J¥h Z amhVm§ V§o H$m§Vma hmoB©c `mMr OmUrd R>odm. npËZ hr gIr, {_Ì Amho. gMrd Amho. Vr EH$ Mmaq^VtMo Am§V H$S>H$ nmhmè`m§V R>odcocr H¡$Xr Zìho ho§hr àm_w»`mZo§ cjm§V `oU§o Amdí`H$ Amho. Vr ^moir d ào_i Amho. `m gdmªMm gyknU§o {dH$mg KS>dyZ AmUUo§ Ho$di Vw_À`mM hmVm§V Amho. H$_cnwîn CÎm_ nmÊ`m§V Mm§Jco§ {dH${gV hmoVo§ d Ë`mÀ`mnmgyZ gd©Ìm§Zm§ CÎm_ gwdmg àmá hmoVmo. _mÌ V§o Oa OrdZmnmgyZ doJio§ H$ê$Z ewîH$ Am{U H$moaS>çm Aem Hw$~Q> {R>H$mUr§ R>odco§ Va V§o _aJiyZ OmD$Z Ë`mMm nmMmoimM hmoVmo. EH$X_ Am§VyZ ñ\w$aU Pmco§ d hm _OHy$a {c{hcm Jocm Amho. `m§V ltMm H$m` CÔoe Vmo AmnUM OmUyZ ¿`mdm. `mnojm§ _cm OmñV _mhrV Zm§hr dm _wÔm_ {c{hco§c§o Zm§hr. 300 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

pñÌ`m§Zm§ n¡gm, _mZ, ~S>O o md `mnojm§ nVrMm ào_i eãX d ghdmg `m§MrM OmñV qH$_V AgVo d Ë`mMrM Ë`m OÝ_^a Amem H$arV AgVmV d V§o Oa Zgoc Va Ord Zgcoë`m ~mhþcrcm Xm{JÝ`m§Zr§ d CÎm_moÎm_ H$nS>çm§Zr§ Iyn ZQ>dmd§o Ver AdñWm Ë`m§Mr hmoV AgVo. lrgÒþé ~m~m§Zr§ _mÂ`mH$Sy>Z Ago§ H$m {ch{dc§o Vo§ AmnUM nhm. _cm Vwåhr§ XmoKho§ r§ gmaIr§M Amhm§V qH$~hþZm Amnë`m_wio§ Amnë`m _§S>itMr AmoiI Pmcr. AmnU àW_ Var ltZm gmOoc d emo^c o Ë`mà_mU§o Ë`m§À`m gwZc o m gm§^mim d AmZ§Xr AmZ§X H$ê$Z lrg§V VwH$mam_ _hmamO `m§Mm nwT>rc A^§JmMm MaU AZw^dm§V AmUm. AdKmMr g§gma gwImMm H$arZ Ÿ& AmZ§Xo§ ^arZ VrÝhr cmoH$ Ÿ&&

Vwåhm§cm Ka, eoVr, JmB©, åher, OZmda§o nmiUo§ Amho. nwÊ`{VÏ`m, O`§Ë`m, CËgd, {nVamo§Õma, lmÕ nj H$aUo§ Amho. àË`oH$ Jmoï>r§V ì`dpñWV d XjVmnyd©H$ dmJU§o hm lrgÒþé ~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m gm§àXm`mMm _w»` X§S>H$ Amho. Iyn n¡gm {_i{dU§o d AmZ§Xm§V gV²H$m`v IM© H$aU§o Amho. OmñV gd© ^oQ>r A§Vr. lr.Im§S>oH$a d Ë`m§Mr _§S>ir jo_ AmhoV. {M.am.am_^mD$ jo_. lr_Vr Am¸$mH$S>rc gd©Ì jo_ AmhoV. Amnë`m _§S>itZm§ CnmgZm H$aÊ`mg gm§JUo§. n¡gm {H$Vr {_imd`mMm, {dÚm {H$Vr, ñÌr H$er {_imd`mMr (nËZrcm nVr d nVrcm nËZr) h§o gd© nyd© XÌmà_mU§o AgV§o. Vo§ gd© lrgÒþé ~m~m Amnë`m àmaãYmZwgma KS>{dVrc `mMr ImÌr R>odm. _mÌ ÑT> {Zð>mnyd©H$ {Z`{_VnUo CnmgZm Z MwH$Vm§ H$am. "n{V XodmMr ccZm§Zm' ho Ü`mZm§V ¿`m d AmZ§XmZ§o g§gma H$ê$Z YÝ` ìhm. Ë`m§Zm§ Am{edm©X gm§JU§o. Vgo§M `mo½` Vr§ Am¡fY§ohr Ë`m§Zm XoU§o. _r {XZm§H$ 5/11/1966 cm nwÊ`mg OmB©c. H$mcM {M.am.am_^mD$M§o nÌ Joc§o Amh§.o H$imdo.§ ltMr AmnUm§da g§nUy n© U§o H¥$nm Amho `mMr ImÌr ~miJm (C^`Vm§da). AmZ§Xm§V ahm d AmZ§Xr AmZ§X H$am. H$imd§o ho Am{edm©X Amncm, lrgÒþéMaUaO {d. J. Omoer.

30. Ÿ&& lr && › VËgV² Ÿ& lrgÒþado Z_: &

nwU§o - 16 {X. 26/6/1968

{M. am. h[a^mD$ `m§gr lrñdm_rH¥$noMo AZoH$moÎm_ Am{edm©X Cnar {deof. Amnco§ nÌ {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. Amncr C^`Vm§Mr CnmgZm ì`dpñWVnU§o Mmcy§ Amho ho§

n[a{eï> - 3 / 301

dm§MyZ g_mYmZ dmQ>c§o. Ordmcm _w»` AmYma CnmgZoMmM AgVmo. Ord ñWyc earamZo§ OJmV Ago Vm§on`ªV Ë`mcm AZoH$ ê$nmZ§o g§J{Vgmo~VrgmR>r§ Xwgao Ord AgVmV. na§Vw {OdmMm OÝ__¥Ë`wê$nr àdmg g§non`ªV Ë`mcm A§V`m©_rMm AZ§V hm EH$_od gm§JmVr {Za§Va AmhoM Amho. Ë`mMr H$Yr§M VmQ>mVyQ> hmoV ZgVo. {Za{Zamù`m OÝ_mVrc gm§JmVr gmo~Vr ~XcVmV. nU hm A§Va§JrMm OÝ__¥Ë`y {ZdmaH$ gmo~Vr {Ma§VZ Agm EH$M EH$ Amho. _r Ord ZgyZ Vmo na_mË_mM _r Amho. `m AI§S> qMVZmZ§o Ë`m na_mËå`mMr ^oQ> KoU§o d OrdXem Q>mHy$Z, Ë`mÀ`mer§ gm_añ`mZo§ A{^ÞËdo§ EH$ nmdUo§ h§oM ZaXohmV Amcoë`m OrdmMo àW_ d Ia§o H$V©ì` Amho. AmnUmcm lrgÒþé ~m~m§Mo àË`j XohmZ§o Xe©Z Pmcoco Amho d Ë`m§Zr§ Amnë`mcm Am{edm©Xhr {Xcoco AmhoV. Vw_Mo H$ë`mU AH$ë`mU {hVm{hV nmhmÊ`mg VoM EH$ nyU© g_W© AmhoV. Vw_Mo C^`Vm§Mo Bhna na_ H$ë`mU ìhmd§o åhUyZ ltMo MaUr _Zmo^mdo§ àmW©Zm Ho$cr Amho. gXm_wIr ¿`md§o JwéZm_ EH$ & {ZË`m{ZË` {ddoH$ H$amo{Z`m§ {ddoH$ {dMma| Mcm ^{º$n§Wo & {ZË`{M EH$m§Vo§ Ü`mZ gmYm Û` {dMmam§Mr _Ü` g§Yr gmYm & VoU§o MwH$o ~mYm ^dmMr Vr ^dmZr e§H$am Cnmgmd§o {ZË` & _mZm EH$ gË` AmË_m OJr§ gÒþé MaUr§ ìhmd§o {ZË` crZ & AZÝ` eaU hmodmo{Z`m§ œmgmoÀN²>dmgr§ EH$ ñ_amdm gÒþé & VoUo§ namËnê$ ^oQ>r hmo` Xmg åhUo gÒþé Xodm§Mmhr Xod & Eogm ìhmdm ^md ^{º$`wº$

&& 1 && && 2 && && 3 && && 4 && && 5 && && 6 && && 7 &&

Amnë`m _§S>ir§Mr _ZpñWVr AmVm§ Mm§Jcr Amho d {VMr CnmgZmhr ì`dpñWV hmoVo, ho§ {Vcm ^yfUmdh Amho. VyV© ~Xcr nmdgmù`mnwaVr aÔ Pmë`mMm hþHy$_ Amë`mZ§Va H$i{dU|o. `m _Ü`§VarÀ`m H$mimV ñdV§Ì Y§ÚmMo Ñï>rZ§o gmo`rñH$a d Mm§Jë`m cmoH$dñVrÀ`m OmJm nmhÿZ R>odU§o. _ZmoaOdi {dH$V KoVcocr OmJm Amnë`m Zmdmda H$ê$Z KoU§o d Mm§Jcr qH$_V Amë`mg {dHy$Z Q>mH$U§o. _r AmO _w§~B©g OmV Amho. {XZm§H$ 7 AJa 8 cm `oW§o naV `oB©Z. Amnë`m _§S>irg Am{edm©X. lr. ~mimgmho~ d lr. dPo `m§Mo AmnUm§g Z_ñH$ma. H$imdo§ ho Am{edm©X. Amncm, lrgÒþé MaUaO {d. J. Omoer.

302 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

31. à{V - lr. h[a Zmam`U Vm§~o (Vm§~o _mñVa), gmdS>} Ÿ&& lr && › VËgV² Ÿ& lrgÒþado Z_: &

nwUo§ - 16 {X. 7/2/1964

{M. am. h[a^mD$ `m§gr lrñdm_rH¥$noMo AZoH$moÎm_ Am{edm©X, Cnar {deof. Amnco§ {XZm§H$ 5/2 M§o nÌ {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. 1) O_rZ ~m~rV à`ËZ H$aU§o Amnco H$V©ì`. Anrc H$amd§o. 2) ~{hUrM§o c¾ `§XmMo df© ñW{JV R>odmd§o. 3) ~{hUrMo§ c¾ hmoB©Vmon`ªV d Amnc§o Q´>oqZJ nwao hmoBªVmon`ªV AmnU ñdV:Mo c¾mMo ^mZJS>rV nS§y> Z`§o. erc gm§^miyZ dmJmdo§. 4) ^mdmÀ`m ZmoH$ar~m~V à`ËZ Mmcy R>odmdo. ZmoH$ar cmJoc. AÝ`Wm Ë`mcm Kar ~mocmdyZ Amnë`mà_mU§o emim_mñVamMr ZmoH$ar cmdmdr. _mÌ [aH$m_m R>od§y Z`o§. 5) gÜ`mÀ`m n[apñWVrZwgma AmnUmcm O_oc VodT>r _mZ{gH$ CnmgZm H$amdr. MwH$m hmoVmV `mMr OmUrd _Zmcm Pmcr d hmoV Mmccr åhUOo AmnU {dMmaerc ~ZV AmhmoV h§o g_Omd§o. eŠ`Vmo Ý`m` Zr{VY_m©Zo dmJyZ gmYr amhUr d Amnë`m AmdmŠ`m§V Agoc VodT>r Cƒ {dMmagaUr R>odU§o CÎm_. eŠ`VoZwgma Amnë`m noemcm Amdí`H$ VgoM gX²>J«§Wm§Mo d g§VM[aÌm§Mo dmMZ R>odmd§o. àH¥$Vr {ZH$mon amIU§o AË`§V Oê$a. gdmªÀ`m öX`m§V amhUmam Omo AmZ§XKZ na_oœa Amho, Ë`mM§o Xe©Z KoU§o h§o ZaXohmVrc Ü`o` Agmdo§. H$_©`moJ AmMaVmZm eŠ`Vmo AZmg{º$ d {ZîH$m_Vm ~mUmdr. WmoS>Š`m§V _r H$moU ho emoYyZ Ë`mMr ^oQ> KoU§o ho§M ZaXohmM§o gdm}Îm_ gmW©H$. H$V©ì` nmcZm§g MwH§y$ Z`o. gË`mMr H$mg gmoS§y> Z`o d Ü`o`{Zð> Agmd§o. H$imdo§ ho Am{edm©X. Amncm, lrgÒþéMaUaO {d. J. Omoer.

n[a{eï> - 3 / 303

32. à{V - lr. AÊUmamd D$\©$ O. H¥$. AmR>dco, {dconmc} Ÿ&& lr && › VËgV² Ÿ& lrgÒþado Z_: &

nwU§o - 16 {X. 20/7/1965

lr.am.am.AmR>dco `m§gr gào_ Z_ñH$ma {d.{d. Amnc§o 18/7/65 M§o nÌ {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. dmMyZ AmZ§X dmQ>cm. AmB©Mr H¥$nm Á`mModa hmoVo Ë`mcm gX¡d AI§S> AmZ§XM AgVmo d Ë`mM§o OrdZ YÝ` hmoV AgV§o. Amncr AmB©Mr CnmgZm Aer Mmcdm. _mVm àgÞ hmoVm§M YÝ`Vm cm^oc. ^{º$, ewÕ^md ho§M _w»` Amho. _m§OarMr§ {nc| S>moio Z CKS>Vm§M ZwgV§o å`m§d å`m§d AmoaS>VmV na§Vw Vr Ë`m§Mr AmB© _m§Oar Vmo AmdmO H$mZr§ nS>Vm§M Ym§dV Ë`m§MoOdi `oVo Am{U Ë`m§Zm§ ñVÝ` XoD$Z Ë`m§Mr V¥ár H$aVo d Ë`m§Zm§ gm§^miVo Ë`mà_mUo ìhmdo§. _r chmZ Amho§. _cm gm§^mim. lrgÒþé§À`m Xmar§ Hw$Í`mà_mU§o, PmSy>dmcm, nm_a Amh§o. Ë`m§MrM BÀN>m åhUyZ œmg Am§V OmVmo, ~mhoa `oVmo. Vo YÝ`. Ë`m§Mo H¥$noZo§ Amnc§o H$ë`mU hmodmo Aer Ë`m§Mo MaUr§ àmW©Zm Ho$cr Amho. AZÝ`Ëd§o gmYm {ZË` _mV¥^{º$ & VoUM o§ r {d^{º$ VwQ>c o Jm OZr§ dZr§ {Xgmo EH$ OJX§~m Ÿ& e{º$ Or ñd`§^m B©œamMr A§Va§Jr KS>mo {ZË` {VM§o Ü`mZ & hmodmo _Z crZ {ZË` VoWo§ Ÿ VrZhr Xohm§Mm nS>m§o Xo {dga & Vw`}Mo§ V§o Ûma CKS>mo AmVm§ Ÿ d¥{Îm A§V_w©I hmodmo{Z`m§ amhmo & D$Üd©n§Wo§ Omdmo OJÝ_mVm Ÿ gH$c MH«$m§Mo \w$Q>moZr nXa & CKS>mo Xe_Ûma {VMo H¥$no§ Ÿ {Odm-{edm nS>mo EHo$ R>m`r§ JmR>r & _mB©H$mMr JmoR>r cmonmo{Z`m§ Ÿ Xmg åhUo _mVm hmodmoZr àgÞ & Xodmo XéeZ Vwåhm§cmJr§ Ÿ

&& 1 && && 2 && && 3 && && 4 && && 5 && && 6 && && 7 && && 8 &&

AZÝ` ^mdo§ lrMaUr§ àmW©Zm Ho$cr Amho. gmo~V ltMm A§Jmam d àgmX OmV Amho. H$imd§o cmo^ Agmdm hr {dZ§Vr. Amncm, lrgÒþéMaUaO {d. J. Omoer.

304 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

33. à{V - gm¡. H$_cm~mB© nÙmH$a eodS>o, ~S>moXo Ÿ&& lr && › VËgV² & lrgÒþado Z_: &

nwU§o - 16 {X. 11/8/1970

gm¡. H$_cm~mB© `m§gr lrñdm_rH¥$noMo AZoH$moÎm_ Am{edm©X, Cnar {deof. Amnc§o {XZm§H$ 31/7/70 Mo nÌ {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. ~mhoaMo \$moQ>mo ho ZmgVmV, \w$Q>VmV. A§V:H$aUmV Omo \$moQ>mo H$m`_ AgVmo Vmo H$Yr§ ZmgV \w$Q>V Zmhr. A§V:H$aUmV \$moQ>mo ÑT> ìhmdm `mgmR>r§ ~mø \$moQ>m|Mr nyOmAMm© H$amdr cmJVo. Var Vr nyOm AMm© _Zmo^mdo§ H$amdr. EH$m ewÕ ^md ^º$sMr àmár Pmcr åhUOo Vmo Ord {Zamim amhÿM eH$V Zmhr§. KamVrc gd©Ìm§Mr eº$sZwgma godm H$aU§o hr gwÕm B©œamMr godmM Amho. AmnU godH$ øm ^mdZoZ§o gd© Jmoï>r Ho$ë`m d gd©Ì na_oœa ^acm Amho `m ^mdZoZ§o gd© H$m_ Ho$co Va H$m`m, dmMm, _ZmZ§o hmoUmao àË`oH$ H$_© hr B©œamMr godmM Amho. \$º$ _r H$Vm© hm A{^_mZ Y[aVm§ H$m_m Z`o. dmgZm H$_r H$arV Agmdo. dmT>d§y Z`oV. Ë`mZ§o OÝ_ KoU§o H$_r hmoVo. OÝ_ _¥Ë`yMm Ioi H$_r hmoVmo. ewÕ ^º$s \$ma AmdS>o Xodmgr & VoUo Vmof Ë`mgr hmoV Ago Anojma{hV H$amdo ñ_aU & VoU§o _Z OmU ñWra hmo` ^mdo§ \$io Xod ^md§o \$io ^º$s & CnOo ewÕ àrVr gmYZoV§ AI§S> qMVZ§o _Zmo_i OmVr & {MÎmmdar em§Vr `odmo{Z`m§ Xod Ago EH$ ^mdmMm ^wH$o cm & gm§^mir ^º$mcm XoVm§ ^md

&& 1 && && 2 && && 3 && && 4 && && 5 &&

Amnë`m KamVrc gdmªg Am{edm©X _wcm§H$Sy>Z ì`dpñWV nmR>m§Va H$adyZ ¿`mdo§. lrgÒþé ~m~m§Mr nwÊ`{VWr lmdU dŸ&& 4 Jwédma, {XZm§H$ 20/8/70 amoOr§ Amho. AmnU VoW§o ñ_aU H$amd§o d AmaVr H$amdr. H$imd§o ho Am{edm©X. Amncm, lrgÒþéMaUaO {d. J. Omoer.

n[a{eï> - 3 / 305

34. à{V - Hw$. eHw§$Vcm JOmZZ eodS>o, ~S>moXo Ÿ&& lr && › VËgV² Ÿ& lrgÒþado Z_: &

nwU§o - 16 {X. 15/8/1970

Hw$_mar {M. eHw§$Vcm eodS>o `m§gr lrñdm_rH¥$noMo AZoH$moÎm_ Am{edm©X. Cnar {deof Amnco 13/8/70 Mo a{OñQ>a nÌ d Ë`mgmo~V nmR>{dcoë`m 12 am»`m {_imë`m. ~{hUrZ§o ^mdmcm amIr nmR>dmd`Mr AgVo Ë`mà_mU§o AmnUmH$Sy>Z Amåhm gdmªZm am»`m Amë`m, AmZ§X Amho. `m nÌmgmo~V Amnë`m ~§Yw§H$[aVm§ ltMm àgmX åhUyZ XmoZ am»`m OmV AmhoV. Ë`m Amnë`m ~§Yy§Zm XoUo§. Vrd« ^mdZoZ§o Am[U ewÕ ^º$s^mdmZo§ B©œamMo Zm_ñ_aU gmVË`mZo§ Ho$ë`mg Hw$g§ñH$ma d Hw$dmgZm hiw§ hi§w Zm{hem hmoVmV d _Z Am{U {MÎm pñWa hmoD$Z ewÕ hmoV AgVo. Agm nwîH$im§Mm AZw^d Amho d g§Vhr gm§JVmV. Amncr _. Am°. 11 én`m§Mr, \$º$ `mdoir§ ñdrH$marZ. nU nwT>o§ dma§dma _.Am°.nmR>dy§ Z`oV. AmnU ZwH$Ë`mM ZmoH$arcm cmJë`m Amhm§V. Amnë`m EH$mH$s ^mdr OrdZmMm {dMma H$aVm§ nwT>rc H$mimMr VaVyX åhUyZ Amnë`m OrdZmcm cmJUmam _m{gH$ IM© d Am¡fY nmÊ`mMm IM© dOm H$ê$Z, AmnU ñdV: H$mQ>H$garZo§ amhÿZ Xa_hm ~±Ho$V {OVHo$ OmñV n¡go {e„H$ Q>mH$Vm `oVrc, {VVHo$ Q>mH$md§oV Ago§ _cm dmQ>Vo. `mda AmnU {dMma H$amdm d Amnë`m _mVmolr Am{U ~§Yy `m§Mmhr {dMma ¿`mdm d AmnUmg `mo½` dmQ>oc Vo H$amd§o Ago _cm dmQ>V§o. gdm©Ë_H$ B©œamcm {dœmVrc `ÀM`mdV² Ordm§Mo ñ_aU d AmR>dU AgVo. Vmo Hw$Umcm H$Yr§M {dgaV Zmhr§. Ord _mÌ Zm{ed§V Aem AZoH$ gwIm§À`m d {df`m§À`m _mJ§o cmJyZ {ZË`, gwIê$n d g{ƒXmZ§XKZ Agcoë`m Ë`m A§V`m©_rÀ`m AmË_Xodmcm {dgaVmV Am{U åhUyZ Kgê$Z, dmgZm dmT>dyZ Xw:I_` Aem OÝ_ _¥Ë`yÀ`m \o$è`m _marV AgVmV. Ë`Omdr dmgZm gm§S>mdm g§H$ën & Zgmdm Vmo Oën Ah§VM o m Ah§VM o m Ë`mJ H$[aVm§M Ordm & {Xgo AmË_{Xdm A§Vam§V A§Vam§V Á`moVr àÁdcrV hmo` & VoUo§ cm^o gmo` _w{º$n§Wr§ VwQ>o OrdJ«W§ r, ZmgVmo g§Xho Ÿ(VwQ>o Vmo g§Xho )Ÿ& OS>Vm§{M ñZoh AmË_mam_r§ Xmg åhUo AmË_-a§Jr§ ìhmdo X§J & VoUo nmdo ^§J g§gmê$ hm Ÿ

"lt'Mm \$moQ>mo d nwñVH$ a{OñQ>a nmg©cZ§o _§Jidmar§ AmnUmH$S>o OmB©c.

306 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

&& 1 && && 2 && && 3 && && 4 && && 5 &&

àH¥$Vrcm Onmd§o. ZrQ> Am¡fYnmUr ¿`md§o. ÌmJm H$ê$§ Z`o. nÏ` gm§^mimdo. Ìm½`mZ§o OrdZmMr hmZr hmoV AgVo. Amnco _mVmoltZm d ~§Yy§Zm Z_ñH$ma. `mnwT§>o Xa_hm EH$ doi Vw_À`m Zmdo§ A§Jmam, àgmX OmV OmB©c. H$imd§o ho Am{edm©X. Amncm, lrgÒþéMaUaO {d. J. Omoer.

35. à{V - lr. g. O. g|{OV, _w§~B© Ÿ&& lr && › VV² gV² & lrgÒþado Z_: &

nwU§o - 16 {X. 1/4/1975

lr. am. am. g|{OV `m§gr lrñdm_rH¥$noMo AZoH$moÎm_ Amerdm©X. Cnar {deofAmnco nÌ {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. 1) chmZnUmnmgyZ Vw_Mr lrñdm_r g_Wmªda lÕm hmoVr d Amho hr Jmoï> \$ma Mm§Jcr. 2) Z§Va ~mioHw§$Ðr `oWo lrn§V ~mioHw§$ÐrH$a `m§À`m gm§àXm`mVrc AdYyV gm§àXm`mMr Xrjm Vwåhmcm lr.^mD$gmho~ _hmamO `m§MoH$Sy>Z {_imcr. R>rH$ Amho. gm§àXm{`H$ Jwø Jmoï>r AmnU {c{hë`m Amh|oV Ë`m~m~VrV _cm H$m§hr§ H$V©ì` Zmhr§. 3) Zm_ñ_aU d ^OZ `m§V OmñV ñdmañ` dmT>dmd§o. 4) Or nwñVHo§$ X¡ddem§V AmnUmcm {_imcocr AmhoV Ë`m§Mo dmMZ d _ZZ {ZXmZ EH$ df© Var hmoD§ Xo. Vg§oM, ""lrñdm_rg_Wm©` Z_:'' `m Zm__§ÌmMm Vwåhr XmoKm§Zr {_iyZ àË`oH$r EH$ hOma Var On dmQ>ë`mg H$amdm. XaamoO C^`Vm§Zr§ H$amdm. d ewÕ ^mfm d ^º$sZo§ öX`ñW lrñdm_r g_WmªZm eaU OmD$Z g§nyU© eaUmJVr nËH$amdr. `mo _غ$: g _o {à`: & Ago lr^Jd§VmMo dMZ lr_ØJdÒrVoÀ`m 12ì`m AÜ`m`m§V Amho. `mMo _ZZ H$amdo§ d Vgo hmoÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$amdm. gì`mgmMr AOw©Z hm ^Jd§VmMm AmR>ì`m nm`ardarc g»` ^º$sMm ^º$ hmoVm. ho§ cjm§V R>odmdo§. öX`r§Mm ñdm_r nhm jUmojUr§ & AZÝ` hmodmoZr crZ nm`r§ Ah§Vm Ë`Omo{Z, Omd§o Ë`m eaU & H$ënZm gm§S>mZo , gË`^md§o VZ, _Z, YZ Anm©d| ñdm_rgr & Xmñ` gd©ñd§g o r H$am {ZË` ñdm_rZm_ dXm {ZË` Mmar dmUr & ñdm_rMo _ZZr§ ìhmd§o _¾

n[a{eï> - 3 / 307

&& 1 && && 2 && && 3 && && 4 &&

EH$m§Vr ~¡gmoZr S>moim§ ñdm_r Ü`mdm & Ü`mg Vmo{M ¿`mdm {Za§Va Ÿ {MÎm ñdm_rê$nr§ Q>mH$m {_gimoZ & _rnUm Q>mH$moZ H$am ^º$s _ZmM§o CÝ_Z gmYm jUmojUr§ & ñdm_r§ JwUJmZr§ a§Jmo{Z`m§ ñdm_r H$Wm ldU H$am gd©H$mi & VoUo§ _m`m Ioi Cao{MZm Xmg åhUo ñdm_r A§Var§ ~mhoar & gH$c MamMar§ nhm {ZË` Ÿ

&& 5 && && 6 && && 7 && && 8 && && 9 &&

gd©Ìm§g `Wm`mo½` Z_ñH$ma d Am{edm©X. H$imdo§ ho Am{edm©X. Amncm, lrgÒþéMaUaO {d. J. Omoer

36. à{V - lr. ~iram_ amOo{eH}$, gmdS>} Ÿ&& lr && › VËgV² & lrgÒþado Z_: &

nwU§o - 16 {X. 25/6/1975

{M. am. ~iram_ `m§gr ñdm_rH¥$noMo AZoH$moÎm_ Am{edm©X Cnar {deof _wÔm_ nÌ {c{hÊ`m§g H$maU H$s§, _r `oVm§Zm Vwåhmcm ~OmD$Z Amcmo hmoVmo H$s§, Vwåhmcm Oa lrg§V grVmam_~wdm§Mo ñWmZm§V godogmR>r§ amhmd`mMo Agoc d Ë`m godoMr Oa Vwåhmcm Oéar Agoc Va Vwåhmcm _r VooWo gm§{JVcoë`m {Z`_m§à_mU§o dmJmd§o cmJoc. (1) Vwåhmcm _{hÝ`mVyZ 10-10 {Xdgm§Zr§ Ago VrZ doim§ Vw_À`m Kar§ g§Ü`mH$mir§ Kar§ OmD$Z Xwgè`m {Xder§ gH$mir§ 7Ÿ&& dmOVm§ naV `md`mMo `mà_mUo§ OmVm `oVm§ `oB©c; d Vo gwÕm§ VoWrc ñWmZm§V H$m§hr§ AS>MUr Zmhr§V AJa H$m§hr§ OéarMr H$m_§o Zmhr§V Ag§o ~KyZ Omd`mMo. (2) VoWrc gJù`m eoVrÀ`m d BVa H$m_mda ~marH$ ZOaoZo§ AmnconUmZ§o XoIaoI H$amd`mMr. (3) VoWrc H$m_mdarc H$moUË`mhr _mUgmcm gm_rc Z hmoVm, H$moUr Mmoar_mar H$arV Agoc AJa g§ñWoM§o AZ{hV H$ê§$ nmhmV Agoc d H$m§hr§ J¡adV©Z H$arV Agoc Va Vm~S>Vmo~ Vr Jmoï> VoWrc _°ZoOa lr.ZmQ>oH$a_m_m d lr.{^S>oH$mH$m `m§À`m ZOaog AmUyZ Úmd`mMr. ho§ gd© H$arV AgVm§Zm Hw$UmMrhr ^rS>-_wd©V R>odmd`mMr Zmhr§. (4) VoWrc gd© H$m_§o doiÀ`mdoir§ ìhmdrV `mgmR>r§ lr.ZmQ>oH$a_m_m `m§Zm _`m©XoZ§o gwMdmd`mMo. na§Vw Ë`m§Monmer§ ^m§S>UV§Q>m AJa d¡_Zñ` H$amd`mMo Zmhr§. AJa H$moUmcmhr XwéÎma§o ~mocmd`mMr Zmhr§V. 308 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

(5) gd© H$m_§o Ho$di Vw_À`m AJa JS>çm§À`m _Zmcm dmQ>oc Ë`mà_mU§o AÅ>mhmgmZo§ d _ZmZ§o H$amd`mMr Zmhr§V. Vwåhr d JS>çm§Zr§ lr. _m_m§Zm gwMdyZ Ë`m§À`m d Vw_À`m {dMmamZ§o gd© H$m_§o H$amd`mMr. Ÿ(6) H$moUË`mhr n[apñWVr§V lr._m_m§Zr AJa ^mD§$Zr§ gm§{JVcocr Amkm _moSy>Z Amnë`m ñdV:À`mM _VmZo§ CcQ> {ZU©` KoD$Z CcQ§>o H$m_ H$amd`mM§o Zmhr§. `mÀ`m `moJmZ§o ^m§S>U| d V§Q>o dmT>VmV d d¡_Zñ` {Z_m©U hmoVo. (7) VoW§o amhUmè`m KamVrc Vwåhr gdmªZr§ d JS>çm§Zr§ EH$moß`mZo§ amhmU§o Oê$a. gdmªZm EH$OyQ> {Xgcr nm{hOo. dº$eranUm, gMmoQ>r, ZrVrZo§ dmJU§o, gË` ~mocU§o, gdmªOdi ào_mZ§o dmJU§o d Ioir_oirMo dmVmdaU R>odU§o `mZo§M _Zwî`mcm g_mYmZ cm^Vo. (8) gdmªV à_wI åhUOo ewÕ AmMma, ewÕ {dMma d ewÕ CÀMma d XaamoO {Z`_mZ§o Z MwH$Vm§ Amncr B©œamMr CnmgZm H$aU§,o `mZoM § _Zwî` OÝ_mMo gmW©H$ hmoBc © . da {c{hcoë`m Jmoï>tà_mU§o AmnU dmJV Zmhr§ Ag§o _cm {XgVo. åhUyZ Vwåhmcm hr eodQ>Mr gyMZm {Xcr Amho. da {c{hcoë`m gyMZm§à_mU§o Vwåhr dmJcmV VaM Vwåhmcm VoW§o amhVm `oB©c. AÝ`Wm Vwåhmcm Vo ñWmZ gmoS>md§o cmJoc. Vw_À`mer§ _mPm amJ AJa Ûof Zmhr§. nU gË` Jmoï>r ào_mZo§ {chmd`mg cmJë`m Ë`mcm BcmO Zmhr§. Vwåhmcm na_oœa gX²>~wÕr Xodmo. Vw_MoH$S>rc gd©Ìm§g Am{edm©X. H$imd§o ho Am{edm©X. Amncm, lrgÒþéMaUaO {d. J. Omoer.

37. à{V - lr. dmgwXod A_¥V D$\©$ ~mimgmho~ nmZdiH$a, nwUo§ Ÿ&& lr && › VËgV² & lrgÒþado Z_: &

Vmc_H$s dmS>r, _w~§ B© -7 {XZm§H$ 23/1/1965

{M. am. ~mimgmho~ `m§gr lrñdm_rH¥$noMo AZoH$ CÎm_ Am{edm©X Cnar {deof. Amnco§ 18/1 d 22/1 M§o Aer XmoÝhr§ ņo {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. lr. cmJy `m§MoH$Sy>Z AmnU gm§{JVë`mà_mU§o gd© Jmoï>r H$adyZ KoVë`m d gm_mZ AmUyZ R>odco§ ho§

n[a{eï> - 3 / 309

dmMyZ g_mYmZ dmQ>co§. Ë`m§M§ohr _cm nÌ Amco§ Amho. lr. hmoZdmS> `m§Zr§ Ho$cocr§ H$m_§o g_Ocr§. Ë`m§Zr§ AmUcoë`m H$m°nrO ZrQ> OnyZ R>odU§o d Ë`m§Zr Á`m Bg_mg Oo§ H$m§hr§ Úmd`mg gm§{JVco§ Amho V§o XoU§o d nmohm§oMco§ AJa Zmht V§o nhmU§o. g§H$ï>r MVwWu R>rH$ Pmcr. AmZ§X dmQ>cm. J«§Wmc`m~ÔcMr ì`dñWm g_Ocr. lr. Iao `m§Zm nÌ {c{hV Amh§o d lr. cmJy `m§Zmhr nÌ {chrV Amho§. H$mnya _r§ `oVm§Zm§ AmUrZ. lrh[adaXmdmMZ g§në`mZ§Va ZdrZ dmMZ gwê$ H$ê§$ Z`o. ~mH$s gd© gm§{JVë`mà_mUo _r§ `oB©n`ªV Mmcy Agmd§o. _mPo nÌm§Mo ~m~Vr§V d ZdOrdZ _m{gH$mMo ~m~Vr§V nwÊ`mg H$moUrVar Xwï> d¥ÎmrMm _Zwî` Ioi H$arV Amho. `mda cj R>odU§o Oê$a Amho. AmO amoOr§ {edmOrZJa, nwU§o Z§.16 `m nmoñQ> Am°{\$g_Yrc nmoñQ>_mñVa lr. Hw$cH$Uu `m§Zm§ `m~Ôc nÌ nmR>drV Amh§o. AmnUhr OmD$Z Vnmg H$amdm. gd©H$mi ñdê$nmMo§ qMVZ & _Zm_mOr§ ìhmd§o _ZZ & {ZOÜ`mg§o gmYH$m OmU & gmjmËH$ma KS>Vgo && 1 && {ZO åh{UOo AmË_m & öX`r§ ~¡gcm na_mË_m & A{cßVËd§o qM{VVm§ Ÿ& {ZOYm_m _mOr§ ^oQ>§o Ÿ && 2 && gd©H$mi Zm_ñ_aU & ñ_aUmM§o KS>md§o qMVZ & qM{VVm§ KS>md§o AI§S> Ü`mZ & VoU§o g_m{Y {gÕ hmo` && 3 && ~wÕrgr cmJcr Am{Y Am{U ì`m{Y & VoUM §o r OS>cr OÝ__aU Cnm{Y & åhUmo{Z d¥{ÎmVmXmËå` Z gmYr & H$dU§o jUr§ && 4 && Am{Yì`mYrMo§ ìhmd`m {ZagZ & AI§S> KS>mdo§ Zm_ñ_aU & VoU§o d¥{Îm pñWamdmoZ & ñdê$nr§ {_io && 5 && ê$nmMm AI§S> N>§X cmJVm§ & Xoh~wÕr _mdio VÎdVm§ & ñdmZ§XmZw^{y V `odmo{Z hmVm§ & g_mYmZ cm^o Ÿ && 6 && gH$im§R>m`r§ ^md Agmdm & ^md Vmo{M Xod OmUmdm Ÿ& ^mdmMm Am^md hmoVm§ Ordm & OÝ__¥Ë`w MwH$o Zm && 7 && gÒþé Vmo {ZOöX`r§ AmË_m & V`o R>m`r§ Hw$^mdZm Z `o H$m_m & Hw$^mdZm hmoVm§ OÝ_mo{Z OmB© [aH$m_m & _¥Ë`wn§Wo && 8 && Zd{dYm ^º$sMm gmonmZ Ÿ& MT>md`m{g H$amdm nm¡ê$f à`ËZ Ÿ& Amnwcr nm`ar AmoiImoZ Ÿ& gmonmZ {eIa cjmdo§ Ÿ && 9 && lÕm^º$sM§o {Zð§>oV & ê$nm§Va ìhmd§o gË` gË` Ÿ& {Zð>m S>i_{iVm§ gX²>Jwé ~moY & {MÎmm§Vy{Z hmano Ÿ Ÿ && 10 && 310 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

àmU Omdmo AWdm amhmo & gX²>JwéMaUr§ ÑT> ^mdmo Ÿ& `oU{o§ M gmYH$mMm ñd^mdmo Ÿ& nmcQ>o {Z{üVr§ OmUmdm Ÿ H$V}nU Xodmo{Z§ Jwê$gr & AmnU godH$Ëd ¿`md§o AmnUmnmer§ Ÿ& godH$Ëdo§ cmJVm§ VÀMaUm§gr & ghOo§ na_mW© gmYVmo Ÿ

&& 11 && && 12Ÿ &&

lrgÒþé ~m~m§Mo MaUr§ Z_ñH$ma. Amnco d lr. ^mJdV `m§Mo KamVrc gd©Ìm§g Am{edm©X. {M. dPo, lr. _moKo, lr. nagw^mD$, {M. Jmonmi, XÎmm, _m_m d gm¡. cú_r~mB©, nmoH$io d AXmdS>o, emå`m d JwéZmW `m§g Am{edm©X. lr. VmË`mgmho~, lr. Zmam`Uamd `m§g Am{edm©X. gd© ^yXodm§g Z_ñH$ma. lr. nm§Sw>a§Jamd `m§Mr d Ë`m§À`m _§S>itMr àH¥$Vr R>rH$ AgyZ Ë`m§Mo AmnUm§g Z_ñH$ma. lr. hmoZdmS> `m§g Z_ñH$ma. H$imd§o ho Am{edm©X {X. 25.1.1965 nmgyZ lr. am. Ama. ~r. _„mnya Amncm, `m§Mo Zm§do§ amoO A§Jmam-àgmX nmR>dyZ XoU§o. lrgÒþéMaUaO {H$Vr {Xdg, V§o _r§ Amë`mda gm§JoZ. {d. J. Omoer.

38. à{V - lr. amdVo H$mH$m d lr. dg§Vamd dmcmdcH$a, S>oadU Ÿ&& lr && › VËgV² Ÿ& lrgÒþédo Z_: Ÿ&

nwU§o - 16 {X. 4/12/1969

lr. am. amdVoH$mH$m d lr. am. dg§Vamd dmcmdcH$a `m§gr g. Z. {d. {d. Amnco 24/11/69 Mo nÌ d Ë`mgmo~V nmR>{dcocm {heo~mMm Vº$m d Vm.30/11/69 Mo nÌ d Ë`mgmo~V nmR>{dcoco {heo~mMo ñQ>oQ>_|Q> Z§.4 d VmVmo~m amOo{eH}$ `m§À`m nmdVrMr nmR>{dcocr Z¸$c lr. _mo{haoeoQ> `m§À`m XoU§o n¡em§Mm {heo~ {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. (1) lr. _mo{haoeoQ> `m§Mm {heo~ nwT>rc _{hÝ`mV {Xcm Var Mmcoc. {S>g|~a AIoa {heo~ XoÊ`mg haH$V Zmhr§. _w§~B©hÿZ H$m§hr§ n¡go KoD$Z ~hþVoH$ `m _{hÝ`mAIoa _Zwî` {VH$S>o OmB©c, Ë`mZ§Va _mo{haoeoQ> `m§Mm {heo~ Úmdm. (2) OZr ^mJUrH$S>rc KoVcoë`m dmQ>oÀ`m darc eoVmMo (OoW§o AmnU Jmodar KmcVmo Vo) Ë`m§Mo ~m§Y KmcyZ nwa§o Pmco AJa Zmhr§.

n[a{eï> - 3 / 311

Ÿ(3) dm§½`m, {_aÀ`m cmdyZ Pmë`m ho g_Oco. Ë`m§V H$qcJS>mMr Air§ KmcU§o d dmcnmnS>r _wim dJ¡ao R>>moH$U§o. (4) H§$nm¢S>mVrc {d{harÀ`m nmÊ`mda ^|S>o, Jdma, dm§Jr, nmco^mÁ`m dJ¡ao H$aU§o. H§$nm¢S>mVrc ~mJocm d H$c_m§Zm XaamoO nmUr Mmcy Amho AJa Zmhr§. (5) ~mJoVrc eoVmcm ~m§Y Kmcmd`mg gwédmV Ho$cr ho g_Oco. \$maM Ym§Xc Ho$crV, Agmo. AmVm§ ZrQ> nwao§ H$ê$Z KoUo§. H$maU Vo eoV ZXrMo ~mOyda Amho d ZXrÀ`m ~mOyMm ~m§Y ~mhoê$Z {g_|Q> dmnê$Z Kmcmdm cmJoc. Var AmnU H$m` `moOZm Ho$cr Vo H$i{dUo§. _r {XZm§H$ 10/12/69 amoOr§ _w§~B©g OmUma Amho. Var 9/12/69 n`ªV nmoMoc Ago§ nÌ Amë`mg nwÊ`mMo nÎ`mda nmR>dU§o d 9/12 Z§Va nmoMoc Ago§ nÌ Amë`mg _w§~B©g ^m`Iù`mMo nÎ`mda nmR>{dUo§. (6) gwVmam§Mo H$m_m~Ôc g_Oc§o. `ed§V _oñÌrMo H$m_ nwa§o Pmë`mZ§Va Ë`mcm aOm XoU§o, _mÌ nwT§>o _mJ©erf© _{hÝ`mMo AIoarg nwT>rc H$m_mMr _m§S>Ur hmoUma Amho. Ë`mdoir§ V§y _moH$im Agcm nm{hOog Ag§o Ë`mcm ~OmdyZ R>odU§o. (7) VmË`mgmho~ VmZmOr amOo{eH}$ `m§Zm AmnU 3 AmR>dS>çm§Mr _wXV {Xcr Amho. Var 3 AmR>dS>o hmoVm§M Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z amoI n¡go ¿`mdoV AJa n¡go Z {Xë`mg Ym|S>~mamd `m§À`m _Ü`ñWrZ§o 25 én`o _U `m XamZ§o Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z 4 _U ^mV KoD$Z Amnë`m _mUgm§H$Sy>Z Mm§Jco AmISy>Z nmISy>Z ¿`md§o. eoam àm_ogar ZmoQ>oda _mamd`mMm AgVmo. Agmo. (8) nmD$g nS>md`mMm Wm§~ë`mZ§Va ^mVmMr CS>dr PmoS>dyZ KoU§o d gwédmVrnmgyZ AmVm§n`ªV EH§$Xa ^mV {H$Vr Pmco, Ë`mVrc H$moUH$moUË`m àH$maMo ^mV H$goH$go§ Pmco, Ë`mVrc {~`mÊ`mcm {H$Vr R>odco d Cacoco ^mV {H$Vr `m gd© Jmoï>r Vnercdma Zm|XdyZ KoU§o d O_oc Ë`mà_mU§o _cm H$i{dU§.o _r _mJ©erf© _{hÝ`mMo AIoarg 4-2 {Xdg {VH$S>o `oD$Z OmB©Z Ago§ åhUV Amho. Vo _mJmhÿZ H$i{dVmo. (9) lr. _mo{haoeoQ> `m§Zr lr. \$S>Ho$gmho~ `m§Zm ^oQy>Z nwT>rc H$m_m~Ôc R>a{dco AJa Zmhr§. R>a{dco Zgë`mg Ë`m§À`m nmR>r_mJ§o cmJyZ Vo gd© R>adyZ KoU§o d _cm H$i{dUo§. lr. _mo{haoeoQ> ho XoIaoI H$aÊ`mH$aVm EH$ _mUyg R>a{dUma AmhoV. Ë`m~ÔcMo H$m` Pmc§o ? Ë`m§À`mH$S>rc Jm` Vo AmnUmH$S>o AmUyZ ~m§YUma hmoVo d Amnë`mH$S>rc H$mir Jm` KoD$Z OmUma hmoVo Ë`mMo H$m` Pmco ? (10) nmdgmù`mV AmnU 64 _oS>Ho$ VmoS>dyZ KoVcoco AmhoV. Vo XadmÁ`mOdi `oD$Z nS>co H$m§ ? {Za{Zamù`m {R>H$mUr _og, _mUJo d H$m|S>o Ago VmoS>dyZ R>odcoco AmhoV. Vo gd© KamOdi AmUÊ`mMr ì`dñWm H$aU§o Amho. ~mã`m H$mVH$a `mcm gm§JyZ _§S>nmgmR>r§ qH$OirÀ`m _oT>r, _mJ§o _mn {Xco Amho. Ë`m _mnmZwgma VmoS>{dÊ`mMr IQ>nQ> H$amdr. åhUOo CÝhmù`mV _§S>n KmcÊ`mgmR>r Cn`moJr nS>Vrc. 312 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

(11) AmVm§ JdV H$mT>Ê`mMm h§Jm_ _mJ©erf© _{hÝ`mV gwê§$ hmoB©c. Var CXoJmH$S>rc ZdrZ KoVcoë`m {R>H$mUmVrc d JwadmH$S>rc KoVcoë`m {R>H$mUmVrc JdV H$mT>dyZ KoÊ`mMr ì`dñWm H$aU§o. JdV H$mT>Ê`mg H$m` Xa XoVmV Vo Joë`mdfuÀ`m ~wdm§À`m {c{hcoë`m IMm©À`m MmonS>rV {c{hcoco Amho. Vo nmhÿZ d Mm¡H$er H$ê$Z Ë`mà_mU§o H$aUo d Xa XoU§o d Ë`mà_mUo JdV H$mT>dyZ KoU§o. Zmhr§Va Mmoarg OmÊ`mMm g§^d AgVmo. (12) AmJì`mVrc hþ_Uo Jd§S>r `m§À`m 3 hmV C§M Agcoë`m \$UgmMo H$m` Pmco Vo _mo{haoeoQ> `m§g {dMmamdo. (13) ZmZc AmMmar ho H$go H$m` dmJVmV ? OodU dJ¡ao ì`dpñWV H$aVmV AJa Zmhr§ ? (14) Jm`r {H$Vr XyY XoVmV ? gd© OZmdao§ R>rH$ AmhoV AJa Zmhr§V ? (15) H$mH$mgmho~ `m§À`m ImcÀ`m eoVm~Ôc Vo Ym|S>~mamd `m§À`mOdi H$m` ~mocVmV, EH§$Xa H$m` ~mocVmV ? n|T>m EH§$Xa {H$Vr Pmcm, grVm\$irÀ`m gd© PmS>m§Zm, gmoZMmâ`mÀ`m PmS>m§Zm d ZdrZ cmdcoë`m {MHy$À`m H$c_m§Zm nmUr KmcVm AJa Zmhr§, nmUr KmcÊ`mgmR>r gwJ§Ym KmUoH$a d gwer amD$V hr XmoZ _mUg§o AmhoV AJa Zmhr§V, Vr H$er H$m` dmJVmV, XaamoO Om§JS>r Jmodar emoYyZ AmUVmo AJa Zmhr§, h[aü§Ð JS>r H$m` H$aVmo, amoO eoUmMr Jmodar \$moS>Ê`mg gwédmV Ho$cr AJa Zmhr§, gÜ`m ^mOr H$m` Amho, gÜ`m ~mã`mH$S>rc EH§$Xa {H$Vr JS>r H$m_mda AmhoV, dJ¡ao g{dñVa _m{hVrMo nÌ `mdo.§ AmnU Amnë`m aOoMm AO© d gmo~V S>m°.Omoer `m§Mo g{Q>©{\$Ho$Q> Amnë`m Am°{\$gH$S>o nmR>dyZ {Xco AgocM. {H$Vr {Xdgm§Mm aOoMm AO© nmR>{dcm Amho. lrñdm_r g_W© MaUr§, lr {XJ§~a~m~mMo MaUr§ d lr. grVmam_~wdm§Mo MaUr§ _mPo, lr. ~mimgmho~ d lr. dPo `m§Mo Z_ñH$ma gm§JU§o. lr. ZmZc d {M. {dgy `m§g Am{edm©X. lr. Ym|S>~mamd, lr. {edam_amd, `ed§V _oñÌr, ~mã`m H$mVH$a, H$m{eam_, Ym|Sy>, J§Jmam_, am_M§Ð d h[aü§Ð, gm¡. J§Jm~mB© d ~maŠ`m `m§g Am{edm©X. OmZodmar 1970 `m _{hÝ`mV S>oadU JmdÀ`m VcmR>çmH$S>o d gmdS>} JmdÀ`m VcmR>çmH$S>o XmoÝhr Jmdm§V Amnë`m Á`m O{_Zr AmhoV Ë`m O{_ZtMm XñV cmdU§o. gd© n[a{MVmg `Wm`mo½` Z_ñH$ma d Am{edm©X. H¡$. Zmam`UeoQ> H$maoH$a `m§Mr Or O_rZ AmnUmH$S>o Amho Ë`mMm XñV AmnUM cmdUoMm AgVmo, Var Ë`mà_mU§o OmZodmar _{hÝ`mV Vmo XñV cmdUo§. H$imd§o ho Am{edm©X. Amncm, lrgÒþéMaUaO {d. J. Omoer.

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39. à{V - lr. amdVo H$mH$m d lr. dg§Vamd dmcmdcH$a, S>oadU Ÿ&& lr && › VËgV² Ÿ& lrgÒþado Z_: &

nwU§o - 16 {X. 11/6/1970

lr. am. am. amdVoH$mH$m d dg§Vamd `m§gr, gào_ Z_ñH$ma {d. {d. Amnco 4/6/70 Mo nÌ {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. (1) AmJì`mVrc \$Ug VmoS>yZ XmoZ VwH$S>o {Mê$Z R>do coco AmhoV Vo H$gohr§ H$ê$Z Q´>H$ AJa JmS>rVyZ {JaUrV AmUco nm{hOoV d Ë`mÀ`m \$ù`m H$adyZ KoVë`m nm{hOoV. Zmhr§Va Vo Hw$gyZ \w$H$Q> OmVrc. (2) {d{harMo H$m_ nyU© Pmco AgocM d ~m§Ym§Mohr H$m_ nyU© Pmc§o AgocM. Ÿ(3) ÜdÁ`mÀ`m {eS>rMohr H$m_ nwa§o Pmc§o AgocM. (4) hm¡XmÀ`m Pm§H$UmMo g|Q>atJ AmVm H$mT>Uo Oê$a d ÜdÁ`mÀ`m {OÝ`mMohr g|Q>atJ 21 {Xdg hmoVm§M H$mT>U§o Oê$a. Jd§S>r {_imë`mg d nmdgmMr CKmS>r Agoc Voìhm§ ÜdÁ`mÀ`m Imocrda n°a°noQ> dm°c ~m§YyZ KoU§o d {ZemUmM§o Im§~mcm VocmMo XmoZ hmV H$mT>U|. g^m_§S>nmÀ`m nÍ`m§Mo H$m_ nwa§o Pmc§o AgocM. CKmS>r {_iVmM Ë`m§Zm dê$Z S>m§~a cmdyZ KoU§o d Am§Vë`m ~mOyZ§o a§JmMm hmV cmdyZ KoU§o. ZXrÀ`m H$S>oÀ`m ~m§YmMo ~mOyZo§ XJS>mMr MondUr nwar Pmcr AgocM. (5) {edmOr _hmS>rH$ d _Ý`mgmho~ VmË`mgmho~ amOo{eH}$ `m§Zr 7/12 Mo CVmao Am{U ñQ>±nnona AmUcm Va Ë`mÀ`mda AmnUmcm _mJo§ gm§{JVë`mà_mUo§ H$ama {chÿZ KoU§o d Z§Va Ë`m§g EH$ hOma én`o XoUo§. (6) _mo{hao `m§Mm d gmdaQ>H$a `m§Mm {heo~ nwam Pmcm AgocM. (7) \$moQ>m|À`m 15 H$m°nrO _w§~B©hÿZ H$moUr OmUmao ^oQoc Ë`mMo~amo~a VoW§o Agcoë`m Aë~__Ü`§o {MH$Q>dÊ`mgmR>r§ nmR>dUma AmhmoV. Var Ë`m Aë~__Ü`§o {MH$Q>dUo§. (8) E§{OZrAa Omoer ho ßc°ñQ>aH$aVm§ _mUg§o KoD$Z Amco hmoVo qH$dm H$m` ? d BVa H$m_m§Mr ì`dñWm Vo H$m` H$aUma AmhoV ? (9) ZdrZ KoVcoë`m Hw§$nU KmVcoë`m OmJ§oV cmoH$m§Zm OmÊ`mH$aVm§ dmQ> ~m§~y ~m§YyZ V`ma Pmcr AgocM. añË`mÀ`m ~mOycm Omo _moR>m H$mR>çm§Mm XadmOm Ho$cocm Amho Vmo chmZ H$ê$Z KoU§o d Ë`mÀ`m XmoÝhr ~mOy§Zm H$mQ>çm§Mo Hw§$nU KmcU§o. (10) cmB_mMo XadmÁ`mOdirc H§$nmD§$S> ~mã`m `mg Hw$S>Ê`mg gm§JU§o d amIU H$amd`mg gm§JUo.§

314 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

(11) CXoJmH$S>rc O_rZrcm ZdrZ KmVcocm JS>Jm åhUOo ~m§Y hm ì`dpñWV Amho qH$dm Zmhr§, V§o nmhU§o d H$moR§>o \w$Q>cm Agë`mg XwéñV H$ê$Z KoU§o. Ë`m H§$nmD§$S>mV EoZmMo amon| d gm`mMo amon| cmdUo§. (12) KamOdirc H§$nmD§$S>mV Joë`m dfvM cmdcoco gm`mMr amon§o {Od§V AmhoV H$s§ Zmhr§V V§o nmhU§o. _oco Agë`mg ZdrZ cmdUo§. amono§ _mS>mOdi V`ma AmhoVM. (13) gd© \w$cPmS>m§Zm d \$iPmS>m§Zm eoUIV KmcUo§ (Jm`rÀ`m nm`mImcMo) (14) Ðmjmcm n|S>, WmoS>m `w[a`m, gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q> d Zm`Q´>mo\$m°g Ago§ EH$Ì H$ê$Z KmcU§o. AJa gw\$cm d eoUIV {_giyZ KmcU§o. (15) gd© _mS>m§Mo d gwnmarMo PmS>m§Zm Hw$S>çmMm Q>mi d eoU KmcyZ d _mVr KmcUo§. gd© H$c_m§Zm d \$Ugm§Zm n|S> d Hw$S>çmMm Q>mi KmcU| d da _mVr KmcU|. aËZm{JarhÿZ H$moUr Vk Bg_ Amë`mg Ë`mMoH$Sy>Z H$c_§o ì`dpñWV gmaIr H$adyZ KoU§o. ^|S>o, ~mdÀ`m, nS>dir, XmoS>H$s, nmamoer (Kmogmir) {M~yS>, H$m§H$S>r, dmcnmnS>r, Aigw§Xm, Am§~mS>r noaU§o, XmaMr ^mOr noaU§o, MdB©Mr PmS>o JmonrZo§ AmUyZ {Xcr Va cmdU§o, cmdUr Pmë`mZ§Va XmoÝhr ~¡cm§Zm ~S>dyZ KoU§o d Ë`m§Mr ZrQ> {ZJm amIU§o. cmdUrM§o H$m_r§ Ë`m§Zm ZrQ> ImU§o dJ¡ao KmcUo§ d n|S> dJ¡ao KmcUo§. Om§JS>çmcm OZmdao§ ZrQ> MadyZ gm§^miÊ`mg gm§JUo§ d cmoH$m§À`m O{_ZrV OZmda§o Z ZoÊ`m~Ôc ~OmdUo§. Amnë`m O{_Zr§V cmoH$m§Mr OZmda§o Amë`mg Vr hmH$cyZ ~mhoa H$mT>Uo§. gdS>rà_mU§o JdV§o Hw$S>dyZ KoU§o. ZdrZ KoVcoë`m JdVmÀ`m OmJm, lrXÎm XodñWmZmMo {R>H$mUmMo ~mOyZ§o gai hÔrZ§o Hw$Sy>Z KoU§o d da ~mã`m H$arV Agcoë`m O{_ZrÀ`m nm`Ï`mZ§o gai AmS>d§o OmD$Z ZmMUH$amÀ`m Kamn`ªV gai Hw$S>rV `ooU§o d VoWyZ WmoS>m Jmod§S> Jwam§gmR>r R>oD$Z Jmod§S>H$S> XmoÝhr ~mOyZo§ Hw$S>U§o d hiã`mÀ`m O_rZrÀ`m nm`Ï`mZ§o Hw§$nU KmcrV `oU§o d VoWya gai MìhmUmÀ`m hÔrZo§ añË`mn`ªV H§w$nU AmUyZ {_i{dU§o. ~mã`mcm gm§JyZ R>odco Amho Ë`mà_mUo nmdgmV JS>r {_iVrc, Ë`mdoir§ `m gd© O{_ZtZm C§M Ago XJS> _mVrMo ~m§Y Kmcmd`mMo AmhoV. Vg§oM JwadmH$S>rc Oo {R>H$mU AmnU KoVco Amho Ë`mhr {R>H$mUmcm ImcyZ gwì`mªÀ`m hÔrZo ~m§Y KmcU§o d VoWyZ Jmod§S> R>odyZ daÀ`m ~mOyZo§hr n¸$m ~m§Y KmcU§o. Vo gd© {R>H$mU Mmar ~mOyZ§o JdVmgmR>r ZrQ> Hw$S>dyZ KoU§o. eoVmÀ`m _wer gm§^miU§o d nmUr dma§dma nmhmUo§ Oê$a AgVo. ~mH$s BVa H$m_§o _r VoWo AmfmT> _{hÝ`mV 4-5 {Xdg Á`m doiog `oB©Z Ë`mdoir§ g_OmdyZ gm§JoZ. gd© Ho$ir IUyZ H$mT>mì`m. nmZHo$ir {d{harMo ImcÀ`m ~mOyZo 1-1 amon cm§~ cm§~ cmdmd§o d ImÊ`mÀ`m Ho$ir \$º$ EHo$H$M amonm gJirH$S>o cmdmdm d Ë`mcm eoU KmcyZ da _mVr Kmcmdr. àË`oH$ Ho$ircm {ZXmZ _m§S>r BVH$m Var Imoc IÈ>m H$mTy>Z Ho$i cmdU§o VaM nwT>§o Ho$ir `oVrc. gd© gm_mZgw_mZ ZrQ> Amdê$Z, ZdrZ ImonQ>mVyZ ZrQ> cmdyZ R>odU§o d Vo 15-20 {Xdgm§Zr§ ZrQ> VnmgyZ nmhmU§o (dmidr dJ¡ao cmJcr Amho qH$dm H$m` `mgmR>r§) H$m_ g§nyZ Cacoco {g_rQ> ZrQ> n|S>çm§V n[a{eï> - 3 / 315

~§Xmo~ñVmZ§o ZrQ> Jw§S>miyZ R>odU§o åhUOo nwT§>o Cn`moJr nS>oc. J§Jmam_, Ym|Sy> Pmonmd`mg AgVrcM d e§H$a _oñÌrhr Pmonmd`mg `oV AgVrcM. H$meram_Mo Zmê$ ~a§o Pmco§ AgVrcM. lr. amdVoH$mH$m OyZAIoa _w§~B©g Amnë`m Kar§ Omd`mMo AmhoV. Ë`m§Zm gmoS>dÊ`mgmR>r§ _w§~B©hÿZ {ZXmZ EH$ Var _Zwî` 29,30 OyZn`ªV nmR>dVmo. lr. dg§Vamdm§À`m _§S>itMo H$m_ _w§~B©g lr. ^mB© Xm^moiH$a, ZmZmgmho~ Omoer d S>m°.Omoer `m§Zm ZrQ> g_OmdyZ gm§{JVco Amho. Ë`mà_mUo§ Vo ZrQ> ì`dñWm H$adyZ H$aVrc. lr. dg§Vamdm§Mo ~m~Vr§Vhr§ gm¡. dmcmdcH$a~mB© `m§Zr dg§Vamdm§Mo Am°{\$g_Ü`o§ OmD$Z H$m` O~m~ Úmd`mMm Vo gwÕm§ darc Bg_ ZrQ> ì`dpñWV arVrZ§o R>adVrc d _J Ë`m OmD$Z O~m~ XoVrc. lr. _moaoœa AZ§V hi~o - `m§Mo nÌ AmOM _cm Amco Amho. Ë`m§Zm _r nwT>rcà_mU§o {chÿZ H$i{dco Amho. Ë`m§Zm Amåhr VrZ hOma én`o amoI XoD$Z nmdVr KoVcr AmhoM. (1) {R>H$mU Om§^wiIar d {R>H$mU H$mVir _Xma øm XmoÝhr O_rZr _moOyZ Ë`m§Zr§ Am_À`m Vmã`mV Úmd`mÀ`m AmhoV. Vr _moOUr AmVm§ nmdgm_wi§o hmoD$§ eH$Uma Zmhr. Vgo§M daÀ`m daH$g O_rZr§V ZmMUH$a `mMm dmS>m Amho d ~arM O_rZ Ë`mMo d{hdmQ>rg Amho. Vr O_rZ d Ë`mMm dmS>m Ë`mMoH$Sy>Z H$mTy>Z Ë`m§Zr§ O_rZ Am_Mo Vmã`m§V Úmd`mMr Amho. (2) lr. _moaoœa hi~o `m§À`m d{S>cm§À`m Zm§dmZo§ `m XmoÝhr O_rZr H$mJXmonÌr§ AmhoV. Var dmag Vnmg hmoD$Z `m XmoÝhr O_rZtZm gd© dmagm§Mr Zm§d§o cmJë`m{edm` d Vr Zm|X _m_coXmagmho~ `m§Zr§ _§Oya H$ê$Z VcmR>çmZo§ 7/12 cm `m O_rZtMo dmag åhUyZ gd© {hñgoXmam§Mr Zm§do§ XmIc Ho$ë`m{edm` `m O{_Zr Amåhmcm H$m`XoeraarË`m Ë`m§MoH$Sy>Z IaoXr H$aVm `oV Zmhr§V d H$m`Xoera IaoXrnÌ H$adyZ KoVm `oV Zmhr§. Ë`m§À`m gd© {hñgoXmam§Mo _wIË`manÌ Ë`m§Zr§ a{OñQ>a H$adyZ AmUUo Amdí`H$. `m gd© Jmoï>r Oa nmdgmMo AmYr§ CaH$ë`m AgË`m Va _r Cacoco n¡go Ë`m§Zm XoD$Z Vm~S>Vmo~ IaoXr nÌ H$a{dco§ AgVo. Var `m gd© Jmoï>r nwè`m hmoB©n`ªV ({S>g|~an`ªV) Amåhmcm Ë`m§Zm n¡go XoVm `oV Zmhr§V, Ago Ë`m§g gm§Jmdo. `mM Ame`mMo nÌ _r Ë`m§Zm {c{hco Amho. lr. amZS>o AmMmar `m§Zm ñdÀN>VoZ§o amhÊ`mg gm§JU§o d ZrQ> gm§^miyZ KoU§o. lrñdm_r g_WmªMo MaUr§ gd© XodXodVm§Mo MaUr§ d g§Vm§Mo MaUr§ d lr grVmam_~wdm§Mo MaUr§ Z_ñH$ma gm§JU§o. do. _y. lr. {^Hy$ ^S>>Org Z_ñH$ma, lr. amZS>o, ~mã`m, `ogy, Ym|Sy>, J§Jmam_, H$meram_, am_M§Ð d gm¡. M§Ðm~mB© `m§g Am{edm©X. {edam_amd, XÎmw gwd}, cú`m Vocr, VmË`m ~Zo d gd© JS>r _mUg§o d gd© _oñÌr `m§g Am{edm©X. {dgy e|~oH$a `m§g Am{edm©X. Ym|S>~mamd, ~~Z_mñVa, _Ý`m~m amOo{eH}$, Zmam`UOr amOo{eH}$, VmVmo~m, O`am_amd JwOa, e§H$aamd JwOa, ~miHw$eoQ> d dmgy cIolr, {edmOramOo _hmS>rH$, ~mi amOo d VmË`mgmho~ amOo{eH}$ 316 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

`m§g Am{edm©X, _mo{hao eoQ> `m§g Z_ñH$ma E§{O{ZAa lr. Omoer `m§g Z_ñH$ma. lr. dPo d ~mimgmho~ `m§Mo AmnUmg Z_ñH$ma. e§H$a _oñÌr `m§g Am{edm©X. H$imd§o cmo^ Agmdm hr {dZ§Vr. Amncm, lrgÒþéMaUaO {d. J. Omoer.

40. à{V - lr. AZ§V gImam_ ~mJcH$a, S>oadU && lr && › VËgV² & lrgÒþado Z_: &

nwU§o - 16 {X. 6/9/1972

lr. am. am. ~mJcH$a `m§gr lrñdm_rH¥$n§oMo AZoH$moÎm_ Am{edm©X Cnar§ {deof Amnco 1/9/72 Mo a{OñQ>S>© nÌ d Ë`mgmo~V nmR>{dcoco Q´>ñQ>Mo ñQ>oQ>_|Q> Z§.91 d godmImË`mMo ñQ>oQ>_|Q> Z§.61 hr {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. AmnU VoW§o lrgÒþé ~m~m§Mr nwÊ`{VWr gmOar H$adyZ KoVcrV d Ë`mMm àgmXhr AMmZH$nU§o lr. JÐo^mD§$Zr AmnUmcm {Xcm h§o dmMyZ g_mYmZ dmQ>co§. ltMr BÀN>m. (1) JS>r _mUg§o _XVrcm XoD$Z XJS> H$mTy>Z KoÊ`mMo H$m_ gwê$§ Ho$co AmhoV, R>rH$ Amho. H$maU nwT>o§ ~m§Y KmcyZ KoÊ`mMo H$m_ gwê$§ H$amd`mMo Amho. Vo {MIc Amocm Amho Vmon`ªVM H$aUo§ OmñV gmoBM © o hmoBc © . H$maU EH$Xm§ _mVr gwH$cr åhUOo ~m§Y KmcUo§ H$R>rU OmB©c d cm§~Zy nmUr ZoUo§ \$ma IMm©Mo§ hmoBc © . Var cdH$aM ~m§Y KmcdyZ KoUo§ Oê$a Amho. H$dmS>r H$adyZ Ë`mÀ`m XmoÝhr ~mOycm XJS>mZ§ r§ ~m§YZy Ë`mcm {g_|Q> cmdyZ n¸$m H$aUo,§ Ë`mcm Hw$cynhr cmdyZ H$m_ n¸o$ H$aUo.§ ~oUUrMo H$m_ CaHy$Z KoU.o§ (2) e§H$a D$\©$ ZmZm _oñÌr-`mMo ~m~Vr§V gmYH$~mYH$ {dMma H$ê$Z AmnU Omo H$m§hr {ZU©` R>admc Vmo `mo½`M Agoc Ag§o _cm dmQ>V§o. Var Ë`mn«_mUo {ZU©` KoD$Z Ë`mcm gm§Jmdo§. Ë`m§Zm AmR>dS>çm§VyZ EH$Xm§ aOm dJ¡ao XoÊ`mMr H$m§hr§ ^mZJS>M ZH$mo. Ë`m§Zm H$m` Vo AmnU {dMma H$ê$Z gm§Jmdo§. VoWrc H$moUVrhr dñVy (\w$co§gwÕm) Vwåhm§cm {dMmaë`m{edm` H$moUrhr ZoD§$ Z`o AJa H$moUVrhr Jmoï> Vwåhmcm {dMmaë`m{edm` H$ê§$ Z`§o. hr Jmoï> Á`m§Zm H$~yc Agoc Ë`m§Zr§M VoW§o amhmd§o. BVam§Zr VoW§o amhÊ`mMo§ H$m§hr§M H$maU Zmhr§. Ago EH$Xm§ gd©Ìm§Zm lr. Aßnm _mo{hao `m§Zm ~mocmdyZ Ë`m§À`m g_j gm§JU§o. _r AgVm§Zm _mÂ`m Vm|S>mda gd© Jmoï>r H$~yc H$amd`mÀ`m d _r ZgVm§Zm _mÌ Vw_À`mer§

n[a{eï> - 3 / 317

AaoamdrZ§o dmJmd`mMo hr Jmoï> ~ar Zmhr§. Ag§o gdmªg gm§Jmd§o. Ÿ(3) H$m{eam_ JS>r - Ë`mcmhr gd© Jmoï>r g_OmdyZ gm§JU§o d Xa_hm H$O©\o$S> 6/- én`o Var H$adyZ ¿`mdr. `m _{hÝ`m§nmgyZ gwadmV H$amdr. (4) do. _y. lr. ZmIao JwéOr - Ë`m§Zm gm¡å` eãXmV gd© Jmoï>r g_OmdyZ gm§JU§o d \w$cm§Mo ~m~Vr§V _mÌ ñnï> g_O Úmdr. Jwam§Mr dJ¡ao Mm§Jcr H$miOr ¿`mdr. AmVm§ nmdQ>m R>moH$m`Mr doi Amcr Amho. Var Om§^yiIarcm d daÀ`m EH$ EH$a ~mJocm ~mã`m d `ogy ho dmQ>çmcm `oV AgVrc Va dmQ>çmZ§o R>>moH$mdm. _mÌ Om§^yiIarÀ`m AcrH$S>o nm`è`m ~m§Ycoco Oo eoV Amho d Ë`mcm cmJyZ H$mH$mgmho~m§H$S>rc KoVcocr O_rZ (EH§$Xa Mma _ù`m) Amho, Ë`mcm Kar§M nmdQ>m R>>moH$mdm; Ë`m§V dmQ>ocr ZH$mo. ~mã`m d `ogw ho Oa dmQ>çmcm `oV ZgVrc Va Om§^wi_ircmhr d H$mVimOdirc daÀ`m ~mJocmhr nmdQ>m, OmS>r Mdir d H$S>dm Kar§M Q>moH$mdm (_mUgo H$adyZ). nwT§>o _r `oB©Z Ë`mdoir§ nwT>Mr ì`dñWm gm§JoZ, Vmon`ªV `mà_mU§o H$aU§o. (5) g§Vmof H$a_aH$a d \$UgmiH$a `m§g A§Jmam d àgmX nmR>dmd`mMm Zmhr§. Ë`m§À`m Xa_hmÀ`m EH$mXeÊ`m AmnU ~§X Ho$ë`mM AmhoV. (6) ~mã`m H$mVH$a - `mMo ~m~Vr§V Vmo AcrH$S>o VoW§o g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m ñWmZm§V Ho$ìhm§ Ho$ìhm§ A§_c H$ê$Z `oVmo d ~{iam_ amOocm AneãX ~mocVmo Ag§o _mÂ`m H$mZmda Amco Amho. hr Jmoï> ~ar Zmhr§. H$m§hr§ Pmc§o Var ~{iam_ amOo hm VoW§o amhUmamM. ~mã`mcm Oa Am_À`mH$S>o amÌr§Mo amhU§o nadS>V Zgoc Va Ë`mZ§o XmoÝhr doi Amnë`m Kar§M Oodmdo§ d Kar§M Pmonmdo§ Ago§ gm§Jmd§o. hr Jmoï> lr. Aßnm _mo{hao `m§À`m g_j Ë`mcm gm§Jmdr. A§_c H$ê$Z Am_À`mH$S>o `oU§o, AneãX ~mocU§o, CÕQ>nUmMr ^mfm d J¡adV©Z H$aU§o hr Jmoï> Amåhm§g MmcUma Zmhr Ag§o Ë`mcm gm§Jmd§o. Vg§oM Ë`mÀ`mH$S>À`m _mUgm§Zr§ cm`_mÀ`m eoVmVrc Amncr Mma dJ¡ao H$mncr, hrhr§ Jmoï> ~ar Zmhr§ Ago Ë`mg gm§Jmd§o. _r Ë`mcm H$moUË`m ^ademZo§ AmVm§n`ªV VoWo R>odcm d H$moUË`m àH$ma§o H$emarVrZo§ AmOn`ªV dmJdcm `mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Amho H$m§ ? Ag§o Ë`mcm gm¡å` eãXm§V {dMmamdo§. JwadmÀ`m H§$nm¢S>m§V ImcÀ`m ~mOycm ~m§Y WmoS>m C§M H$adyZ KoU§o Oê$a Amho. Vmo XwVm|S>r KmcdyZ ¿`mdm. Vgo§M Ë`m {R>H$mUÀ`m EH$m ~mOycm ~mã`m ~Zo d `ogy gmocH$a `mZ§o eoV Ho$c§o Amho d Xwgè`m ~mOwcm ZmMUH$a `mZo§ eoV Ho$c§o Amho. Ë`m XmoKm§Zrhr Amnë`m O{_ZrVrc nmUr Am_À`m ~m§Ym~amo~a H$mTy>Z cmdc§o Amho. Ë`m_wio Am_À`m ~m§Ymcm YmoH$m nmohm§oMoc. h§o _r Ë`m§Zm _mJ§o ñnï> g_OyZ (~mã`m_m\©$V) gm§{JVcohr Amho. AOyZhr Oa Ë`m§Zr§ Am_À`m ~m§YmOdiyZ cmdcoco nmUr {\$adyZ cm§~ cmdco§ Zgoc Va Am_Mo ñdV:Mo JS>r KoD$Z OmU§o d OoWyZ V§o nmUr Am_À`m ~m§YmOdiyZ Zoco Agoc VoWyZ Vo {\$adyZ XmoZ hmV cm§~ Ë`m§À`m eoVmVyZ hacm H$mT>dyZ {\$adyZ cmdmd§o. 318 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

~mH$s Jm¡ar JUnVrV H$m` H$amd`mMo Vo gd© Joë`mdfuà_mUo H$aU§o. _mJÀ`m EH$m nÌm§V Vo gd© H$i{dco AmhoM. e§H$a _oñÌr AJa AÝ` H$moUr `m§g AmVm `mnwT>o A§Jmda n¡go Z XoU§o. _mPr àH¥$Vr R>rH$ Amho. `oW§o ltÀ`m ñWmZm§V gd© R>rH$ Amho. _Ý`m ^mQ>dS>oH$a `mZ§o `oWrc ltÀ`m nwÊ`{VWrMm àgmX AmnUmH$S>o nmohm§oM{dcm AgocM. _w§~B©g Joë`mZ§Va S´>mâQ>Mo n¡go BÝewAS>©Z§o Vw_À`m Zm§do§ nmR>{dÊ`mMr ì`dñWm H$aVmo. lrñdm_r g_W© MaUr§, lrgrVmam_~wdm§Mo MaUr§, lr{XJ§~a~m~m§Mo MaUr§, gd© XodXodVm§Mo MaUr§ Z_ñH$ma gm§JU§o. lr. nwamo{hV JwéOr, lr. ZmIao JwéOr d Vwåhm§g, lr. ~mimgmho~ d dPoH$mH$m `m§Mo Z_ñH$ma. AmnU 6 _UmMo Vm§Xyi H$a{dcoV Ë`mMo _mn 20 nm`cr Vm§Xyi d 1 nm`cr H$Ur Ago ^aco Ago {c{hco Amho. Ë`m§V {c{hÊ`mV MyH$ Var Pmcr Agcr nm{hOo AJa H$§mhr§ JS>~S> Pmcr Agcr nm{hOo. H$maU CVmam H$_rV H$_r nmM nm`cr Vm§Xyi d 1Ÿ&&-2 nm`cr H$Ur Agm _Umcm nS>m`cm nm{hOo. `m§V H$moUr Mmoar Var Ho$cr Agoc AJa ^mV Var H$_r gS>md`mg Zoco Agoc, AJa H$moUrVar Vw_À`m S>moù`m§V Yyi\o$H$ Ho$cr Agoc Agm g§^d {XgVmo. H$§mhr§ Pmco Var Vm§XwimMm CVmam _Umcm 5 nm`cr Vm§Xyi d 1Ÿ&& Vo 2 nm`cr H$Ur Agm nS>m`cmM nm{hOo. H$Xm{MV Vwåhr 3 _UmMo H$m§S>n Ho$co Agoc d MwHy$Z 6 _UmMo Ho$co Ago§ {c{hco Joco Agoc. H$maU Vwåhr {c{hcocm CVmam 3 _U ^mVmMo H$m§S>nmMm Amho Ago {XgVo. AñVw Am{U hm Oa ghm _U ^mVmMm CVmam Agoc Va H$m§hr§Var ^`§H$a JS>~S> KmoQ>mim Pmcm Amho Ag§o {Z{üV g_Omdo d lr. Aßnm _mo{hao `m§g gm§JyZ Mm¡H$er H$amdr. ZwgVo J§Jmam_da {dg§~yZ MmcUma Zmhr§. lr. Aßnm _mo{hao `m§Zm EH$ nÌ {c{hco Amho Vo Vwåhm§cm `oD$Z XmIdVrc AJa _OHy$a gm§JVrc. Var Ë`m§Mm g„m KoD$Z H$m` Vo R>admd§o. _r {VH$S>o ^mÐnX dÚ njm§V `oUma Amho Ë`mdoir gd© Jmoï>r gmdH$menU§o ~moc§y d gd© `moOZm gmdH$menUo§ H$adyZ R>ody§. do. _y. lr. nwamo{hV JwéOr, lr. A§Vw_m_m d do. _y. ZmIao JwéOr `m§g Z_ñH$ma. _mo{hao eoQ> `m§g Am{edm©X. gd© JS>r _mUgo§, _mocH$arU d H$m_mdarc JS>r `m§g Am{edm©X. H$imdo§ ho Am{edm©X. Amncm, lrgÒþMaUaO {d. J. Omoer.

n[a{eï> - 3 / 319

41. à{V - lr. ZmQ>oH$a_m_m d lr. {^S>oH$mH$m, S>oadU && lr && › VËgV² & lrgÒþado Z_: &

nwU§o - 16 {X. 3/9/1975

lr. am. am. _m_mgmho~ ZmQ>oH$a d {^S>oH$mH$m `m§gr gào_ Z_ñH$ma {d. {d. Amnco§ 31/8/75 Mo§ nÌ d Ë`m~amo~a newd¡ÚH$s` A{YH$mar {MniyU `m§Mo H$m`m©c`mH$S>rc Amcoco gm`ŠcmoñQ>mB©c nÌ {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. (1) lr. gwd} ho Amë`mda cJoM _mo~Xcm nÌ H$adyZ KoU§o. (2) Am_À`m gd© OZmdam§Zm nm`cmJmÀ`m CnMmamgmR>r§ Q>mo§MyZ KoUo§. Ë`mgmR>r§ cmJVrc Vo n¡go IM© H$aÊ`m§g haH$V Zmhr§. Vo Adí` IM© H$amdo§. H$maU OZmda§o ho newYZ Amho d Ë`mMo OVZ gd© Ñï>rZ§o H$aUo§ ho Am_Mo H$V©ì` Amho. Ë`mMà_mU§o Ë`m§Zm nmoQ>m§Vhr Jmoù`m XoU§o d _c_hr nm`mg cmdU§o. (3) gd© H$c_m§Zm Aù`m ~m§YyZ KoU§o. (4) ^mVeoVrMr dJ¡ao Xwgar ~oUUr Á`mMr Á`mMr H$amd`mMr Agoc Vrhr H$aÊ`mg gwadmV H$aUo§. (5) H$_moXMo ^mV V`ma hmoVm§M Vm~S>Vmo~ H$mnUo§ Oê$a. (6) S>oadU d gmdS>çm©Mo gr_odarc O{_Zrcm gr_oÀ`m ~mOycm d ~mJdoÀ`m ~mOycm ~m§Y KmcdyZ KoU§o. (7) _mo»`mÀ`m ^mè`m 100 H$ê$Z R>odU§o. AOyZ 27 ^mao AmUU§o Oê$a Amho. (8) gd© OZmdam§Mr Mm§Jcr XoI^mc H$aUo§. (9) lr. amZS>o d lr.Omoer ho AmZ§XmV AmhoV ho dmMyZ g_mYmZ dmQ>co. lr. Omoer d lr. amZS>o `m§Zm àË`oH$s§ EH$ Ja_ ñdoQ>a {MniyU `oWyZ AmUyZ XoUo. Ë`m XmoKm§Zmhr Am{edm©X gm§JU§o. (10) lr. hS>uH$a JwéOr `m§Mm Vmn AmVm§ ~am Amho d Vo H$m_ H$ê$ cmJco ho dmMyZ ~a§o dmQ>c§o. Ë`m§Zm H$m` Oê$a AgVrc Vr Am¡fYo dJ¡ao KoÊ`m§g gm§JU§o. nÏ` nmiÊ`mg gm§JU§o. Vw_Mr Vã`oV ~ar Amho ho dmMyZ g_mYmZ dmQ>co. new d¡ÚH$s` A{YH$mar, {d^mJr` H¥$Ìr_ aoVZ H|$Ð, {MniyU `m§MoH$S>rc AmnU nmR>{dcoco nÌH$ gmo~V naV nmR>{dco Amho. Ë`mMr Zm|X KoU§o. JUnVr dJ¡ao gJio ì`dpñWV H$aU§o. Vgo§M dÚnjm§V ~wdm§Mm nj ì`dpñWV arVrZo§ H$aU§o.

320 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Xadfm©à_mU§o ZdamÌrMo 14 nmR> OmXm H$aUo§. nmR>mcm 2 én`o à_mU§o Ë`mMo n¡go ~«m÷Umcm {Zamio Úmd`mMo AgVmV. lr. dPoH$mH$m `m§Mm Pã~m d coh|Jm VoWo§ am{hcm Amho. Vmo BH$S>o H$moUr Amcm Va AJa H$moOm{Jar nm¡{U©_ocm _r {VH$S>o `oUma Amho Ë`mdoir§ BH$S>o AmUrZ. Xgè`mÀ`m {Xder§ Aí_§VH$mMr åhUOo AmnQ>çmÀ`m PmS>mMr nyOm H$aU§o d H$m§hr§Var JmoS> H$ê$Z Z¡doÚ XmI{dUo§. lr. ~mimgmho~, lr. dPoH$mH$m, {M. Vwno d {M. XÎmm `m§Mo AmnUm§g Z_ñH$ma. gd© XodXodVm§g, lrñdm_r g_W© MaUr§, lrdhmiH$a~wdm§Mo MaUr§, lrgrVmam_~wdm§Mo MaUr§, lrgÒþé ~m~m§Mo MaUr Z_ñH$ma. ~mH$s gd© _moR>çm _§S>itg Z_ñH$ma d chmZm§g Am{edm©X. H$imd§o cmo^ Agmdm hr {dZ§Vr. Amncm, lrgÒþéMaUaO {d. J. Omoer.

42. à{V - lr. Or. Ama. gmZo, nwUo Ÿ&& lr && › VËgV² & lrgÒþado Z_: &

nwUo§ - 16 {X. 28/10/1965

lr. am. am. Or. Ama. gmZo `m§gr g. Z. {d. {d. AmnU {XZm§H$ 23/10/65 cm lr ~rS>H$a _hmamO _R>, nwUo `m {R>H$mUmhÿZ EH$ OmoS>-nmoñQ>H$mS>© _cm {c{hc§o Amho. _r Aem Jmoï>tMm Iwcmgm nÌmÛma§o H$arV ZgVmo. na§Vw AmnU Ë`m nÌmVyZ _mÂ`mda Ho$coco Amamon ho gd©W¡d {ZamYma, J¡ag_OwVrMo d Ah§H$mamZ§o Am{U amJmZ§o ào[aV hmoD$Z Ë`m amJmMo ^am§V hr ltZr {Xcocr àoaUm Amho d ho ltMo eãX AmhoV `m ~wa»`mImcr§ {c{hcoco AmhoV Am{U Ë`m_wi§o AÝ`m`mMo n[a_mO©Z H$aÊ`mgmR>r§M Ho$di AmnUmcm h§o nÌ {c{hV Amho. (1) hr OmJm ~«. ^y. amdgmho~ ghò~wÕo `m§À`m _wcrMr ImOJr _mcH$sMr Amho d Vr _mÂ`mH$S>o ^mS>çmZ§o Amho. _r `oWrc _mcH$ Zìho. (2) ltg AmnU {c{hVm 1938 Vo 1958 n`ªV _R>mV AJa amdgmho~m§H$S>o ^oQ>Ê`mg 24 Vmg XadmOm CKS>m hmoVm. Ë`m ~m~Vr§V _r AmnUm§g Ag§o H$id§y BpÀN>Vmo H$s, _R>m§V H$m` MmcV§o d VoWrc

n[a{eï> - 3 / 321

cmoH$ H$m` H$aVmV, Ë`m§Mr arV H$m`, `mMr CR>mR>od H$aÊ`mM§o _cm à`moOZ Zmhr§. lr ~rS>H$a _R>mMm XadmOm amÌ^agwÕm§ Xe©ZoÀNw> cmoH$m§Zm CKS>m AgVmo qH$dm H$m` `mMr _cm AÚmn _m{hVr Zmhr§. AmVm§ lrgÒþé amdgmho~m§Mo ~m~VrV {c{hVmo. lrgÒþé amdgmho~ ~m~m `m§Zr 18/8/1954 amoOr Amncm nm{W©d Xoh n§M_hm^yVm§V {dcrZ Ho$cm. Ë`m_wio gZ 1958 n`ªV Ë`m§Mm XadmOm 24 Vmg H$gm H$m` CKS>m hmoVm ho _cm g_OV Zmhr§. lrgÒþé ~m~m h`mV AgVm§Zm, Vo Á`m dmS>çm§V åhUOo Yw_mi {~pëS>¨J_Ü`o§ amhmV AgV,Ë`m dmS>çmMm XadmOm amÌr§ gmS>oZD$ Vo XhmÀ`m Xaå`mZ ~§X hmoV Ago d amÌr ZD$ dmOë`mZ§Va Ë`m§À`mH$S>o H$moUr Xe©Zm§g OmV AgV Ag§o _mÂ`m Eo{H$dm§V AJa nmhÊ`m§V Zmhr. Ÿ(3) lrgÒþé ~m~m§À`m _wcrH$Sy>Z Ë`m§À`m _mcH$sMr hr OmJm ßcm°Q> Z§. 321 S>r, hr _r Ë`m§Zm dfm©cm R>am{dH$ ^mS§>o XoD$Z 28/8/56 amoOr a{OñQ>a crOZ§o ^mS>çmZo§ KoVcr. Ë`mZ§Va ltZr _mÂ`mH$Sy>Z àoaUm XoD$Z Or godm H$adyZ KoVcr Vr AÚmnn`ªV Ho$cr Jocr. `m H$mim§V hOmamo§ _mUg§o ltÀ`m g_m{YñWmZm§da VoWrc {Z`_ nmiyZ `oD$Z, ^moOZmMm àgmX KoD$Z Jocr§ AmhoV. ghòmdYr _mUgo§ Á`m ltÀ`m OmJ§oV A{¾Zmam`Umcm AmhþVr XoD$Z, em§V hmoD$Z OmVmV d Jocr, Ë`m {R>H$mUr§ EH$ gmZo Zmdm§Mo J¥hñW Z Oodë`m_wio§ CUrd nS>oc Aer e§H$m OmJ¥Vr§V Va ZmhrM nU ñdßZm§Vhr _mÂ`m _Zm§V `oUo§ eŠ` Zmhr. AmnU {c{hVm§ Amncr d _mPr AmoiI 61 gmcmnmgyZ Amho. R>rH$ Amho. na§Vw AmnUmcm _r, "H$go§hr H$ê$Z dfm©VyZ EH$Xm Var Xe©Z KoD$Z OmM' Aem AWm©Zr {dZdyZ AJa {dZdUr H$ê$Z Ho$ìhm§M gm§{JVcoc§o, _cm ñ_aV Zmhr.Amnë`m Joë`mdfuÀ`m ^oQ>r§V _r AmnUmcm Ago§ gm§{JVë`mMo ñ_aVo H$s§, "Amncr Oa amdgmho~m§À`mda {ZîR>m Amho d Ë`m§Mr AmoiIgwÕm§ Amho Va nwÊ`mg AmcmV åhUOo dfm©VyZ EH$Xm§ Xe©Z KoV Om.' `mMm AW© _r Amncr {dZdUr Ho$cr Agm hmoV Zmhr. (4) AmnU {c{hVm§ H$s, Amnë`m Vm|S>mVyZ {ZKmcoco,"Amë`m A{VWm _wR>^a Úm`m _mJo§ nwT>Vr nmhÿ ZH$mo !' ho eãX EoHy$Z _r XMH$cmo. hm Ho$di AmnU Amncm J¡ag_O H$ê$Z KoV Amhm§V. Amnco eãX EoHy$Z XMH$Ê`mMo _cm H$m§hrM à`moOZ Zmhr Am{U Vgm _r XMHo$Z Aer AmnU gwVam_ H$ënZmhr H$adyZ KoD§$ ZH$m. hr Amncr H$ënZm Ho$di H$ënZm Amho. (5) AmnU Amcm§V Ë`mdoir§ _r g§Ü`m H$aUo§V d XodnyOm H$aU|V Jw§Vcocmo hmoVmo. _mÂ`m _mUgmZ§o _cm gm§{JVco H$s§ gmZo ZmdmMo J¥hñW Amco AmhoV d Ë`m§Zm Xe©Z ¿`md`mMo§ Amho. dmñV{dH$ Xe©ZmMr doi ZgVmZm, Ho$di AmnU ~mhoa Jm§dmhÿZ `oD$Z Xe©Z KoD$Z OmD§$ BpÀN>Vm§ Va Xe©Zmcm nadmZJr Úmdr, {ha_moS> H$ê§$ Z`o, EdT>çmM ^mdZoZ§o _r, Adoir Amnë`mcm XadmOm CKS>Ê`mMr nadmZJr {Xcr.Ë`m nadmZJr~Ôc H¥$VkVm ì`º$ Z H$aVm§, AmnU nÌmZo§ _mÂ`mdaM Vmeoao PmSy>§ cmJcmV hm X¡dmMm Xw{d©cmg Amho Ago§ _r g_OVmo. AmnUmcm XadmOm CKSy>Z, AmnU AmV 322 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Amë`mZ§Va, "Ago§ Adoir H$m§ `oVm, AJmoXa nÌmZo§ H$idmdo§' ho eãX _r AmnUmcm {dMmaco ho gË` Amho. na§Vw AmnUmgma»`m gyk _mUgmg ho g_Oco§ nm{hOo H$s§, Xwgè`mÀ`m Kar OmVm§Zm Ë`mcm doioMr _`m©Xm AgVo. _mUgm§Zr ì`dhmam§VM E{Q>Ho$Q>g² nmimì`mV Am{U BVa {R>H$mUr nmiy§ Z`oV ho \$ma {d{MÌM dmQ>Vo§. ho ñWmZ ltMo g_m{Y_§{Xa Amho. Ë`m {R>H$mUr§ godogmR>r Or ZmoH$a_mUgo§ AmhoV Ë`m§Zmhr OrdZ Amho. Am§Vrc H$m_§o CaH$Ê`mH$[aVm§ Ë`m§Zmhr doi cmJVmo d Ë`m§Zmhr {dlm§VrMr Oê$ar AgVo. `m Jmoï>r H$moUrhr cjm§V KoV ZmhrV. àË`oH$ ~mhoaJm§dMm _Zwî` Oa doir§ Adoir§ `oD$Z Ë`m cmoH$m§À`m OrdZm§V {~KmS> H$ê§$ cmJcm Va VoWrc gwì`dñWm H$er MmcUma d Ë`m cmoH$m§Zm {dlm§Vr H$er {_iUma, `mMm {dMma AmnU Amnë`mer§M H$am. (6) AmnU JUnVrOdi nmXÌmUo§ H$mT>cr§V d Amnë`m hmVmVrc ~°J q^Vrcm Q>oHy$Z R>odcrV Am{U AmnU åhUmcm H$s§, "_cm AmÎmm§ Xe©Z KoD$Z Omd`mMo Amho' `m Amnë`m ~mocÊ`mZ§Va H$moUmMrhr H$ënZm gmh{OH$M hmoUma H$s§ AmnU Oodmd`mg XwgarH$S>o OmUma AmhmV Am{U `m_wio Amncr nwT>o OmñV {dMmanyg H$aU§o Amdí`H$ dmQ>co§ Zmhr§. Ë`mZ§Va _r _mÂ`m nyOocm {ZKyZ Jocmo. AmnU _§{XamV JocmV d _mÂ`m _mUgmZo§ AmnUmg VrW©àgmX {Xcm, `m§V _mÂ`m amJmMm Am{U Aem§VVoMm àý H$moR>§o Amcm Am{U `m§V _r Amncm An_mZ H$m` Ho$cm ? AmnUmcm Oa àgmXmcm ahmd`mM§o hmoVo Va amdgmho~m§À`m~Ôc AmnU Or {Zð>m XmI{dVm§, VXZwgma _cm àgmXmcm amhmd`mMo§ ho AmnUhÿZ _cm gm§Jm`cm nm{hOo hmoVo§. H$maU _r _mÂ`m nyOo§V Jw§Vcocmo hmoVmo. Ë`mZ§Va _r _mPr nyOm gwê$ R>odcr d AmnU Xe©Z KoD$Z _mÂ`m _mUgmcm {Z_©cm~mBªMm nÎmm {dMmê$Z {ZKyZ JocmV, `mMm AW© Amåhr H$m` g_Omd`mMm ? B©œamÀ`m Kar§ àgmX _mJUo§g g§H$moM H$m§ dmQ>mdm AJa Ah§H$ma H$m§ Agmdm `mMm {dMma AmnUM H$am. (7) AmnU {c{hVm 23/10/65 amoOr _r Amncm An_mZ Ho$cm åhUOo n`m©`mZo lrgÒþé amdgmho~m§Mm An_mZ Ho$cm Am{U hr _cm gw~wÕr H$m Pmcr ho Amnco åhUUo§M Amnë`m {R>H$mUr§ Ah§H$ma {H$Vr namH$moQ>rMm Amho h§o {gÕ H$aÊ`mg nwaog§o Amho. Ord~wÕrZo AmnU åhUOo amdgmho~ Zìho ho AmnU n¸o$ g_OyZ Agm. (8) _mÂ`m hmVm§V AmnU A{YH$ma {Xcoco Zmhr§V. gm¡. {Z_©cm~mBªH$Sy>Z amoI ^mS>o XoD$Z hr OmJm _r KoVcocr Amho d `m OmJo§V H$moUË`m doiog H$moUmcm àdoe Úm`Mm hm gd©ñdr§ _mPm àý Amho. Á`m gÒwé ~m~m§Zr _cm `oWo§ AmUco Amho, Vo _cm àoaUm XoD$Z Ë`m§Zm nm{hOo Ë`m Jmoï>r, Vo KS>dyZ KoV Amco AmhoV d KoVrc. _r lrgÒþé ~m~m§À`m MaUm§Mm Ho$di EH$ Ak godH$, nm_a, PmSy>dmcm Amho. Am{U eodQ>n`ªV Ë`m§MrM godm ìhmdr EdT>r EH$_od BÀN>m Amho. eodQ> AmnUm§g BVH|$M {c{hVmo H$s§, _mPm gÒwé gd©Vmo§nar g_W© Amho Am{U Vmo àoaUm XoVmo n[a{eï> - 3 / 323

Ë`mà_mUo§M `m XohmH$Sy>Z H$_] Ho$cr OmVmV. "^`H¥$X² ^`ZmeZ:Ÿ&'Ÿhm {gÕm§V AmnU cjm§V ¿`m. _mÂ`m `m H$S>H$ {Z`_m§_wio§ e§H$m, Hw$e§H$m d {VañH$ma CËnÞ hmoVmo ho _cm \$ma {Xdg n[a{MV Amho d Ë`mMr OmUrdhr _cm nyU©nUo§ Amho. na§Vw _r Oo§ gÒwégodoMo d«V ñdrH$maco§ Amho Ë`m d«Vmcm AZwgê$ZM _cm Á`m àoaUm {_iVmV, Ë`mà_mUo§ _r dmJV Amho. Amnë`mcm nQ>mo dm Z nQ>mo. Ë`m~Ôc _cm H$miOr Zmhr. AmnU amJmÀ`m Am{U A{^_mZmÀ`m d Ah§H$mamÀ`m ^am§V {c{hcoc§o {cImU ltÀ`mnwT§>o dmMyZ XmI{dc§o d VXZ§Va Pmcoë`m àoaUoZwgma Vwåhmcm {chmd`mM§o ZgVm§ZmgwÕm§ {c{hc§o Amho. AmnU {Xcoë`m Y_H$sMm {dMma H$aÊ`mg lrgÒþé ~m~m gd©W¡d g_W© AmhoV. Amncm d _mPm H$moUË`mhr VèhoZo§ dmX Zmhr. Amnë`m~Ôc _cm {VañH$mahr Zmhr AJa cmo^hr Zmhr. H$imd§o, `mnwT§>o _mÂ`mer§ nÌì`dhma H$aÊ`mMr VgXr KoD§$ Z`o. Amncm, lrgÒþéMaUaO {d. J. Omoer.

43. à{V - _m. H$m`©dmh doXnmR>emim, nwUo Ÿ&& lr && › VËgV² & lrgÒþado Z_: &

nwU§o - 16 {X. 26/7/1982

_m. H$m`©dmh, doXnmR>emim, nwUo `m§gr gào_ Z_ñH$ma {dZ§Vr {deof Xagmcmà_mUo§ `mdfuhr a¸$_ én`o 1500/- (én`o EH$ hOma nm§Meo \$º$) AmO amoOr AmnUmH$S>o nmR>{dV AmhmoV. hr a¸$_ M¡Ì ewŸ&& 1 eHo$ 1904 Vo \$mëJwZ d&& 30 eHo$ 1904 `m dfm©Mr Amho. Ë`mMm {d{Z`moJ Imcrcà_mUo§ ìhmdm Aer BÀN>m Amho. 1) F$½doXr emIoMo à_wI JwéOtg M¡Ì ew.1 eHo$ 1904 nmgyZ 12 _{hÝ`m§Mo _mZYZ Xa_hm én`o 25/- à_mUo

324 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

én`o 300.00

2) AmnñV§^ emIoMo à_wI JwéOtg 12 _{hÝ`m§Mo _mZYZ Xa_hm én`o 25/- à_mUo

én`o 300.00

3) F$½doX g§{hVm åhUUmè`m `mo½` {dÚmÏ`m©g Xa_hm én`o 30/- à_mU§o 12 _{hÝ`m§Mr {eî`d¥Îmr

én`o 360.00

4) ghmæ`H$ F$½doXr JwéOrg Xa_hm é. 10/- à_mUo§ 12 _{hÝ`m§Mo _mZYZ

én`o 120.00

5) nmR>emioMo à_wI JwéOr 2, gmhmæ`H$ JwéOr 1 `m§Zm àË`oH$s§ én`o 10/- X{jUm XoUo.

én`o 30.00 EHy$U

én`o 1,110.00

darcà_mUo§ EHy$U én`o 1110/- hmoVmV. Cacocr a¸$_ én`o 390.00 `mMm `mo½` Agm {d{Z`moJ H$amdm. Ë`mà_mU§o AmnU Á`m {dÚmÏ`mªZm {eî`d¥Îmr Úmc Ë`m§Mr Zm§do d Vn{ecdma _m{hVr H$idmdr. hr {dZ§Vr. darcà_mUo én`o 1500/- ho lrgÒþé ~m~m _hmamO ghò~wÕo `m§À`m _§{XamH$S>o Xagmc lr.am.am.eaX^mB© ÛmaH$mXmg _wZr, 3 eoUdr dmS>r, _wZr {~pëS>¨J, ImS>rcH$a amoS>, _w§~B© 400 004 `m§MoH$Sy>Z Ë`m§Mo dS>rc H¡$.ÛmaH$mXmg _wZr `m§Mo ñ_aUmW© `oV AgVmV. `m aH$_oMr arVga nmdVr, da Z_yX Ho$coë`m Ë`m§À`m nÎ`mda nmR>{dÊ`mMr ì`dñWm H$amdr.VgoM H$er ì`dñWm Ho$cr hohr H$idmdo d Ë`mMr EH$ àV lr.{d.J.Omoer, Ûmam lrgÒþé ~m~m _hmamO ghò~wÕo g_m{Y_§{Xa, 937 S>r. {edmOrZJa, nwUo - 411 016 `m nÎ`mda nmR>dmdr. H$imd§o cmo^ Agmdm hr {dZ§Vr. Amncm, lrgÒþéMaUaO {d. J. Omoer.

n[a{eï> - 3 / 325

44. EH$m ì`dhmamV lr_hmamOm§Mr cdmXmMr ^y{_H$m à{V - lr. {dÇ>c AmßnmOr gaXogmB© d BVa && lr && && › VV² gV² Ÿ&& && lrgÒþado Z_: &&

e{Zdma Am{œZ dŸ&& 7, eHo$ 1875 {X. 31/10/1953 {dO`Zm_ g§dËgao

lr. am. am. {dÇ>c AmßnmOr gaXogmB©, lr. am. am. ^mJ©d XÎmmÌo` Am§~S>}H$a d lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu ho {VKohr g_W© ^moOZmc` (cm°qOJ d ~mo{S>ªJ) `m ImZmdirMo ~m~Vr§V {dMma{d{Z_` H$aÊ`mH$[aVm§ AmO amoOr§ 10 dmOVm§ gH$mir§ EH$Ì ~gco Ë`mdoir§ Ë`m§Zr n§M åhUyZ am. am. {dÇ>c JUoe Omoer `m§Zr H$m` Vmo {ZU©` Úmdm Aer {dZ§Vr Ho$ë`mdê$Z Vmo {ZU©` Imcrcà_mUo§ {Xcm Amho. d Vmo gdmªg ~§YZH$maH$ Amho. (1) gXahÿ g_W© ^moOZmc`mH$S>o lr. am. am. {dÇ>c AmßnmOr gaXogmB© `m§Mm H$m§hr g§~§Y Zmhr. (2) lr. am. am. ^mJ©d XÌmÌo` Am§~S>}H$a `m§À`mH$S>o am. àëhmX dm_Z {Q>Ho$H$a `m§Mm g_W© ^moOZmc` hm Y§Xm Mmc{dÊ`mH$[aVm§ H$amamZ§o Amho. Vmo H$ama \o$~«wdmar 28 gZ 1955 AIoan`ªV Mmcmd`mMm Amho. VmoM Y§Xm Ë`m§Zr åhUOo lr. am. am. ^mJ©d XÎmmÌo` Am§~S>}H$a `m§Zr lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `m§g {XZm§H$ 1 Zmoìh|~a gZ 1953 nmgyZ {XZm§H$ 28 \o$~«wdmar gZ 1955 AIoan`ªV Xa_hm ñdm{_Ëd åhUyZ a¸$_ én`o 225/- (XmoZe§o n§Mdrg) lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `m§OnmgyZ Xa_hmMo Xa_hm KoD$Z Mmc{dÊ`mH$[aVm ì`dñWmnH$ åhUyZ {Xcm Amho. a¸$_ én`o XmoZe§o n§Mdrg, Hw$iH$Uu `m§Mo H$SmoZ Ë`m§g Xa _{hÝ`mMo nm§M VmaIoMo Am§V {_imd`mMo AmhoV d gwédmVrcm a¸$_ én`o 225 (én`o XmoZe§o n§Mdrg) lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `m§Zr lr. am. am. ^mJ©d XÎmmÌo` Am§~S>}H$a `m§MoH$S>o {S>nm°{PQ> åhUyZ R>odmd`mMo AmhoV. Ÿ(3) gd© ì`dñWm lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `m§Zr§ ì`dñWmnH$ `m gXam§V nhmd`mMr Amho. Ë`mMoer§ lr. am. am. ^mJ©d XÎmmÌo` Am§~S>}H$a `m§Mm g§~§Y Zmhr. (4) lr. am. am. ^mJ©d XÎmmÌo` Am§~S>}H$a `m§Zr lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `m§Zm ImUmdirM§o cm`gÝg XoD$Z AmO O§o gm_mZ gw_mZ Amho Vo gd© Ë`m§g dmnamd`mg Úmd`mMo Amho d lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `m§Zr gd© gm_mZmMr gd© OnUyH$ H$amd`mMr Amho. (5) lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `m§Zr lr. am. am. ^mJ©d XÎmmÌo` Am§~S>}H$a `m§Mm åhUyZ \$º$ EH$ _mUyg, XmoKm§Zmhr Omo Xa nadS>oc, Ë`m Xam§V XaamoO OodUo§g KmcU§oMm Amho.

326 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

(6) gXahÿ g_W© ^moOZmc`mMo ^mS>o d BcopŠQ´>H$ {~c dJ¡ao gd© lr. am. am. ^mJ©d XÎmmÌo` Am§~S>}H$a `m§Zr§ ^amd`mMo Amho d {H$aH$moi XwéñVr lr. am. am. Hw$iH$Uu JmoqdX {dZm`H$ `m§Zr H$ê$Z ¿`md`mMr Amho. (7) lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `m§Zr XaamoO nm§M eoa n¸o$ XyY lr. am. am. ^mJ©d XÎmmÌo` Am§~S>}H$a `m§MoH$Sy>Z `mo½` Xam§V ¿`md`mMo Amho d XyY MmoI XoÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar lr. am. am. ^mJ©d XÎmmÌo` Am§~S>}H$a `m§MoH$S>o Amho. XwYmÀ`m n¡em§Mm g§~§Y Y§ÚmH$S>o Zmhr§. Vmo nañna EH$_oH$m§Zr§ nmhUo§Mm Amho. (8) gXahÿ g_W© ^moOZmc`mMo _mJMo ~mOyg EH$ cmH$S>o§ R>odÊ`mMr cm§~ ImonQ>r Amho (eoS>). Ë`mMr XwéñVr lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `m§Zr d lr. am. am. ^mJ©d XÎmmÌo` Am§~S>}H$a `m§Zr Ho$cocr Amho. H$m¡co {Zå_o{Zå_o AmhoV. Var Vr eoS> XmoKm§Zrhr AYu AYu dmnamdr. dmQ>ë`mg _Ü`§o Hy$S> KmcyZ {d^mJyZ ¿`mdr. (9) gXarc darc H$amam§V H$m§hr AS>Wim Amnmngm§V CËnÞ Pmë`mg lr. am. am. ^mJ©d XÎmmÌo` Am§~S>}H$a d lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `m§Zr {VèhmB©V åhUyZ lr. am. am. {dÇ>c AßnmOr gaXogmB© `m§g gm§JyZ Ë`mMm CcJS>m H$ê$Z ¿`mdm. CJmM Amngm§V V§Q>m H$ê$ Z`o. (10) g_W© ^moOZmc`mMo g_moa añË`mncrH$S>o lr. _m|Jc `m§Mo _mcH$sMo _w. K. Z§. 996 Mo§ EH$ Ka Amho. Vo§ Ka lr. am. am. {dÇ>c AßnmOr gaXogmB© `m§Zr lr. _mo§Jc `m§MonmgyZ ^mS>çmZo KoD$Z Ë`m§V Y§Xm H$amdm d Ë`m Y§Úm§V lr. am. am. {dÇ>c AßnmOr gaXogmB©, lr. am. am. ^mJ©d XÎmmÌo` Am§~S>}H$a d lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `m {VKm§Zr Zâ`m VmoQ>çmMo g_ ^m{JXma ìhmdo§ d Ë`m Kam§V, Omo R>aoc Vmo Y§Xm {VKm§Mo _VmZ§o Mmcdmdm. H$moUr H$m` O~m~Xmè`m ¿`mì`m d H$m` H$m_§o H$amdr§ ho {VKm§Zr Amngm§V ~gyZ R>admd§o d Ë`mà_mUo gcmo»`mZ§o dmJmdo§. EH$_oH$m§g _XV H$aÊ`mÀ`m ^mdZoZ§o gd©Ìm§Zr dmJmd§o d gdmªZr EH$_oH$m§À`m CÞVrH$[aVm PQ>md§o. EH$_oH$m§g Zoh_r ghmZw^yVr XoV Agmd§o. a{OñQ´>oeZ IM© {VKm§da Amho. {dÇ>c JUoe Omoer gmjr am_M§Ð AßnmOr eocma gXahÿ da {c{hcocm {ZU©` lr. am. am. {dÇ>c AßnmOr gaXogmB©, lr. am. am. ^mJ©d XÎmmÌo` Am§~S>}H$a d lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `m§g _mÝ` Amho åhUyZ Vo Amnë`m gøm Imcr H$arV AmhoV. gøm : 1) {dÇ>c AßnmOr gaXogmB© 2) B. D. Ambardekar 3) JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu. n[a{eï> - 3 / 327

45. à{V - Mr\$ H§$Q´>mocagmho~, _w§~B© {S>pìhOZ XmgJm§d, a{ddma {XZm§H$ : 26/8/1951

_ohoa~mZ, Mr\$ H§$Q´>moca gmho~, ñQ>oQ> Q´>mÝgnmoQ>©, _w§~B© {S>pìhOZ, gào_ Z_ñH$ma {d. {d. Amåhr Imcr gøm H$aUmao CVmê$ cmoH$, ho AmO åhUOo {XZm§H$ 26/8/51 amoOr, aËZm{JarhÿZ _w§~B©g OmUmè`m ñnoec EŠgàogZo nhmQ>o 5.15 dmOVm _w§~B©g OmÊ`mH$[aVm {ZKmcm§o. Vr JmS>r _hmS>n`ªV R>acoë`m doir§ Amcr. VoWyZ Xwgar JmS>r ~r.Eg.Eg.8395 hr 1Ÿ&& dmOVm§ {ZKmcr. Vr XmgJm§d `oW§o _hmS>nmgyZ 4 Vo 4Ÿ&& _¡cm§da `oD$Z ~«oH$ S>mD$Z åhUyZ C^r am{hcr. gXa JmS>rMo S´>m`ìha Z§.20 e|~oH$a d H§$S>ŠQ>a Z§.63 lr.{MÌo, `m§Zr EH$ ~«oH$ S>mD$Z~ÔcMm [anmoQ>© JmS>r _hmS>hÿZ gwQ>ë`mnmgyZ 15 {_{ZQ>m§V AJa VËnyduM _hmS>cm OmUmè`m EH$m Eg².Q>r.~gMo S´>m`ìha ~amo~a coIr {Xcm d {edm` Ë`mZ§Va XmgJm§dcm `oB©n`ªV d Amë`mdahr _hmS>cm OmUmè`m Eg².Q>r.Mo àË`oH$ JmS>r~amo~a 3/4 doim Vm|S>r d coIr [anmoQ>© XmoKohr nmR>drV hmoVo. Ago AgVm§hr AmVm§ Á`m doir hr VH«$ma Amåhr {c{hV Amhmo§V Ë`m doion`ªV åhUOo gm`§H$mir 4.40 dmOon`ªV _hmS> S>onmoH$Sy>Z [acr\$ JmS>r Amcocr Zmhr§. Ë`m_wio Am§V Agcoë`m gd© CVmê$ cmoH$m§Mo \$ma hmc Pmco d AmVm§ Ë`m§g _w§~B© _w¸$m_r§ ZoÊ`mH$[aVm§ `mZ§Va JmS>r `oD$Z Vo amÌr§ gw_ma§o 10 Vo 11 dmOon`ªV AJa H$m§hr§ AS>MU Amcr Va H$Xm{MV `m doioZ§Vahr _w§~B©g nmohm§oMÊ`mMm g§^d Amho. Aem n[apñWVr§V nañW {R>H$mUr§ CVmê$Zo H$moR§>o Omd§o d H$m` H$amdo§ ? H$mc amoOr åhUOo {XZm§H$ 25/8/51 cm gXa da {c{hcooco S´>m`ìha d H§$S>ŠQ>a `m XmoKm§Zr§hr gXa JmS>r hr ZmXwéñV Amho d Vr AmVm§ XwéñV Pmë`m{edm` H$m_ XoUma Zmhr§, Ago§ _hmS> `oWrc O~m~Xma Am°{\$gaZm§ H$i{dco§ hmoV§o Ag§o Ë`m§Zr {Xcoë`m _m{hVrdê$Z g_OV§o. {edm` AmOhr gXa JmS>r Z§. 8395 hr _w§~B©g KoD$Z Om Ag§§o Ë`m§g gm§JÊ`m§V Amc§o. Ë`mdoir§hr gXa S´>m`ìhaZ§o JmS>r ZmXwéñV Amho. Vr OmD$ eH$Uma Zm§hr§ Ago Am°{\$gaZm§ H$i{dë`mM§o S´>m`ìha gm§JV Amho d Varhr Ë`m§g, ""H$m§hr§ Agm§o Vwåhr§ hr JmS>r _w§~B©g KoD$Z Om.'' Ag§o O~m~Xma Am°{\$ga H$Sy>Z S´>m`ìhacm gm§JÊ`m§V Amc§o d Ë`m_wi§o Vo JmS>r KoD$Z Amco. Ag§§o gXa lr.e|~oH$a, S´>m`ìha Z§. 20 ho gm§JVmV. Var øm Pmcoë`m d hmoV Agcoë`m CVmê§$Mo J¡agmoB©cm d hmcm§Zm§ O~m~Xma H$moU ? `mMr `mo½` Vr Mm¡H$er hmoD$Z _ohoa~mZrZ§o H$i{dU§oV `oB©c H$m` ? 328 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

gmo~V O~m~mgmR>r§ 2 AmÊ`mM§o nmoï> {VH$sQ> nmR>drV Amhm§oV åhUOo nmoîQ>oOMm IM© Eg².Q>r.cm gmogU§og ZH$mo. gXa JmS>r§V 4 ñÌr CVmê$hr AmhoV. e§H$m :- AcrH$S>o gd© Eg².Q>r.Mo JmS>çm§~Ôc gJirH$S>o Am_MogmaImM AZw^d Amë`mMo§ H$iV§o d dV©_mZnÌm§Vhr dmMVm§o. `m§Vrc MyH$ _°ZoO_|Q> _Ü`§o Amho d B§{O{Z`atJ {S>nmQ>©_|Q> _Ü`§o Amho. `m~Ôc `mo½` Vr ì`dñWm hmoU§o Amdí`H$ Amho. Vr§ ì`dñWm hmoÊ`m~Ôc O~m~Xma cmoH$m§g hþHy$_ Joco§ ho§ à{gÕnUo§ cmoH$m§g H$i{dUo§V `oB©c H$m` ? gXa JmS>r§V Vodrg n°g|Oa AmhoV d Ë`mn¡H$s§ EH$ lr. Omoer Zm§dmMo aËZm{Jar Eg².Q>r.Am°{\$gMo _Zwî` AmhoV. na§Vw Vo Xwgè`m JmS>rZ§o EH$Q>oM _w§~B©g Jooco. gm`§H$mir 5 dmOon`ªV [acr\$ JmS>rMr dmQ> nmhÿZ eodQ>r H§$Q>miyZ Amåhm§n¡H$s 4 Bg_ EH$ ñnoec Q>°Šgr XmgJm§dmhÿZ KoD$Z _hmS>À`m Eg².Q>r.À`m Am°{\$gaZm§ OmD$Z ^oQ>co. gd© hH$sH$V Am°{\$gaÀ`m H$mZr§ KmVcr. na§Vw ~«oH$ S>mD$ZMm [anmoQ>© Amåhm§g AJmoXa {_imcm Zmhr§. Vmo AmVm§M åhUOo gm`§H$mir§ 6 dmOVm§ {_imcm AmVm§ ì`dñWm H$aUma Amhm§oV Agm Q>mimQ>mirMm O~m~ {Xcm. eodQ>r 6ŸŸ&& dmOVm EH$ noQ´>mocda MmcUmar JmS>r XoU§oV Amcr. Vr XmgJm§dcm `oD$Z amÌr 7 dmOVm§ gd© CVmê$ cmoH$ Ë`m JmS>rZo {ZKmco d amÌr§ 12.30 dmOVm§ _w§~B©g `oD$Z nmohmo§Mco. XmgJm§d Vo _hmS>cm ñnoec Q>Š° grcm 6 én`o IM© Amcm. Vmohr CVmê§$gM gmogmdm cmJcm. d Vo Oa _wÔm_ JmS>r KoD$Z _hmS> Am°{\$gm§V Joco ZgVo Va Vr gd© amÌ gdmªZm XmgJm§d `oWo AÞm{edm` VS>\$S>V añË`mdaM H$mT>mdr cmJcr AgVr. aËZm{Jar EŠgàog _w~§ B©g gm`§H$mir 8 dmOVm§ `md`mMr AgVo. Ë`m_wio cmoH$ OmñV ^mS>o XoD$Zhr cdH$a nmohmoMVm§ `md§o åhUyZ d doido a H$m_mH$[aVm§ OmVm§ `oBc © `m BÀN>Zo o§ `m EŠgàog JmS>rZ§o `oVmV; na§Vw Ë`m§Mr§ hr da {c{hë`mà_mU§o ì`dñWm hmoD$Z Ìmg d hmc gmogZy {edm` doido a nmohmoMVm§ Z Amë`m_wi,o§ Ë`m§À`m H$m_mVhr ZwH$gmZ hmoV.o§ `mcm Cnm` H$m` ? Amåhr§ OmñV MmO© XoD$Z EŠgàogZo Amcmo na§Vw Amåhm§cm Ìmg gmogyZ Adoir§ _w§~B©g `mdo cmJco d hm àdmg n°g|Oa JmS>rà_mU§o Am°S>uZarM Pmcm. Var Amåhm§ gdmªg \$º$ Am°{S>©Zar {VH$sQ> MmO© H$ê$Z Am_Mo Oo OmñV n¡go IM© Pmco Vo Amåhm§g ar\§$S> åhUyZ àË`oH$ {VH$sQ> KoUmamg naV {_imdoV Aer {dZ§Vr Amho. H$imdo ho {dZ§Vr, Amnco Z_«, Imcr Á`m§Mr Zmd§o {c{hcr AmhoV Ë`m cmoH$m§Zr§ àË`j JmS>r§V Or VH«$ma {c{hcr Ë`mda gøm Ho$ë`m AmhoV. Vmo H$mJX gmo~V OmoS>r§V AmhmoV d `m gwdmÀM àVrda \$º$ Ë`m§Mr§ Zm§d§o {c{hV AmhmoV. Ah§_X, agy\$, XmdV, aËZm{Jar, lr. _gyaH$a, _w§~B©

n[a{eï> - 3 / 329

_hmXod grVmam_ Im_H$a. lr. T>m§nao B§{Xam ne©am_ Im§S>oH$a. ImZy, aËZm{Jar lr. eodS>o JUnV am_^mD$ ~co XmOr g§^y H$X_ VwH$mam_ {^H$mOr MìhmU ~m~y ~Zmnm gmamnwao e§H$a Ym|Sy> OJVmn (_hmS>) S>r. Or. gm~io lr. XmË`o lr. _ohVm (~r.E.) _hmS>, ì`mnmar. darcà_mU§o gøm _yi H$mJXmda AmhoV. nÌì`dhmamH$arVm§ nÎmm Imcr XoV AmhmoV. lr. {dÇ>c JUoe Omoer d lr. _gyaH$a C/o OZmVl_, daMr Amir, KmUoH$a `m§Mo Ka Z§.2449, _w. nmo. Vm. {O. aËZm{Jar Amncm Z_«, {d. J. Omoer D D D

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3

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330 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

6

n[a{eï> H«$. 4 lr_hmamOm§Zm Ambobr nÌo nÌ H«$.

01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

àofH$

n¥ð> H«$.

lrñdm_r ñdê$nmZ§X lrñdm_r ñdê$nmZ§X lrñdm_r ñdê$nmZ§X lrñdm_r ñdê$nmZ§X lrg§V H$mH$m H$maImZrg lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m dhmiH$a H°$. `y. Eg. d¡Ú lr. Zm. {e. nQ>dY©Z Xr{jV lrg§V grVmam_~wdm dmbmdbH$a lrg§V grVmam_~wdm dmbmdbH$a lr. J. am. ZmB©H$ lr. H$m. X. JÐo lr. Or. Or. AmioH$a lr. {dÇ>b EH$ZmW Hw$bH$Uu lr. {dÇ>b EH$ZmW Hw$bH$Uu lr. aKwZmWamd Ho$ed Omoer

332 333 334 336 336 337 338 339 340 340 341 342 343 344 345 347

Q>rn : Cnamoº$ gd© nÌo H$mZm_mÌoMmhr ~Xb Z H$aVm _yi ~ahþHy$_ N>mnbobr AmhoV.

n[a{eï> - 4 / 331

1. àofH$ : lrñdm_r ñdê$nmZ§X, nmdg, aËZm{Jar C/o

&& O` _mVmOr && && › VV² gV²ŸŸ&&

XogmB© ~§Yw nm§dg, {X. 21.8.1954

gÒwé-_wÐm§{H$V g§V {XJ§~aXmg & Agmo ñdpñV jo_ ZH$m hmoD$§ CXmg

&& 1 &&

gÒwé ñdê$n ~m~m Pmco g_m{YñW & gV² {eî` AmnU H$m§ Jm ìhmd§o AñdñW

&& 2&&

Amnwc§o _aU Á`m§Zr§ Xo{Ic§o S>mi o m§ & {OVonUr§ ^mo{Jcm _aUmMm gmohim

&& 3 &&

_mamoZr _¥Ë`yV§o OJr§ A_a Oo Pmco & nS>mo Xoh Ë`m§Mm nar Vo Zmhr§ Joco

&& 4 &&

AmË_-ê$nr§ d¥{Îm Á`m§Mr OS>cr {ZË` & Xohr§ {dXohËd V`m§ cm^co§ gË`

&& 5 &&

g_yi Xoh^md Jocm åhUmo{Z`m§ nmhr§ & {X¸$mcmM§o Zm§d VoWo§ Cao{MZm H$m§hr§ ŸŸ

&& 6 &&

g§Mc§o Vo§ EH$ ~«÷ê$n {Za§Va & Agmo{Z`m Xohr ho{h Pmco VXmH$ma

&& 7 &&

{dœm {h gH$Q> gd© AmË_ê$n Pmco§ & OÝ_ Am{U _aU V`m§ H$moR>§o Caco§ Ÿ

&& 8 &&

doS>r _m`m nmhm§o§ OmB© ñWyc Xoh-`ï>r & Ñï>rcmJr§ Z {Xgo åhUwZr Ord hmo` H$ï>r

&& 9&&

gÒþé-ñdê$n Zmhr§ gyú_ Zm ñWyi & dUm©d`m V`m _mPr dmMm Xw~i ©

&& 10 &&

h[a:› Ah_mË_m XmI{dcr IyU & ahmdo§ {Za§Va ^md§o VrM cjyZ

&& 11 &&

{ZË`-gwImMo§ {dlm§VrM§o EH${M V§o§ ñWmZ & Zm§Xo AI§{S>V VoW§o na_ g_mYmZ

&& 12&&

ZH$mo Vwåhm§ gykm§ gm§Jmd`m gd©Wm & {eH${dVm§o Amåhr h§o Vm§o Amnwë`m {MÎmmŸ

&& 13&&

gÒþé ~m~m§Mo H$ê§$ nwÊ`-ñ_aU & nÚHw$gw_m§Ocr ^md§o MaUr§ dmhÿZ

&& 14 &&

ñdm_r åhUo Amåhr-Vwåhr Zm__mÌ {^Þ & Zm§Xo gÒwénX gdmªR>m`r§ A{^Þ

&& 15 &&

ñdê$nmZ§X

332 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

2. && O` _mVmOrŸ&&

nm§dg, aËZm{Jar {XZm§H$ 26.12.1957

{à` lrg§V {XJ§~aXmg {dÇ>camdOr Omoer `m§gr lrJwéñ_aUnyd©H$ gào_ AZoH$ Amerdm©X. {deof. B©eH¥$noZo§ BH$S>rc gd© jo_. Vw_Mr§ gd© ņo nmo§Mcr§. lr. ^mD$amd XogmB© `m§O~amo~a nwÊ`mhÿZ ltMm A§Jmam d àgmX nmR>{dcmV Vmo{h {_imcm. _OH$Sy>Z Vwåhm§g doimodoir§ nÌm§Mr CÎma§o {c{hcr§ OmV Zgcr§, Var amoO gm`§àmW©ZoÀ`m doir§ Vw_Mr AmR>dU lrkmZoœa VwH$mam_m{X g§V_§S>ir g_doV {ZË`{Z`_mZ§o hmoVM AgVo. lt§Mm O`§VrCËgd nwÊ`mg Aën à_mUmda gmOam Pmcm. Ë`mMm d¥Îmm§V lr. ^mD$amd `m§OH$Sy>Z g_Ocm hmoVmM. AmVm§ lrg§V gÒwé {XJ§~a ~m~m `m§Mm nwÊ`{V{WCËgd gmOam H$arV Amhm§ ho nmhÿZ g_mYmZ dmQ>Vo§. Ë`m `moJ§o n[agam§Vrc gmYH$ Ordm§À`m CÞVrcm gmhmæ`M hmoUma Amho. `màg§Jr§ AmnU gdmªZrM lrJwé§Mo ñ_aU H$ê$Z Ë`m§g ^{º$^mdmZ§o d§XZ H$ê§$. H$ê§$ Z_ñH$ma {ZË` {Za§Va Ÿ& g§V {XJ§~a ~m~m§cmJr§ ~m~m§cmJr§ H$m` Ü`md§o EH$Xm§M Ÿ& V`m§Mr `oVm§M nwÊ`{VWr nwÊ`{VWr {XZ {deofo§ nmdZ & KS>md§o qMVZ nar {ZË` {ZË` gmo@h§ ^md§o H$ê§$ `m ñ_aU & g_yi gm§Sy>Z Ah§H$ma Ah§H$ma§o Amc§o Ordmgt ~§YZ Ÿ& `oèhdr§ Vmo OmU {ZË`_wº$ {ZË` _wº$ nar Pmcm XohYmar Ÿ& Jw§Vcm g§gmar _m`m `moJo§ _m`m`moJo§ Ah§__ËdmMo nmer§ Ÿ& ~m§Yr AmnUmgr AmnU{M AmnU{M Pmcm Amnwcm hË`mam & _m§S>m{o Z ngmam g§H$ënmMm g§H$ën-{dH$ën ~m§Ymo{Z Jm§R>rg & ^moJr am̧Xrg ^d-Xw:I ^d-Xw:Im_mOr§ gm§H$S>cm Ord & åhUo Jm gmoS>rd Jwéam`m Jwéam`m XÎmm {XJ§~am Ym§d & gm§nS>cm§o ^d-ñdJm©_mOr§ ñdJm©_mOr§ gwI ~mocVr dMZ & nwÊ` hmoVm§ jrU Voh§ r Om` Vo§hr Om` A§Vt åhUmo{Z _mJwVr§ & Xod{h dm§{N>Vr _¥Ë`wcmoH$ _¥Ë`wcmoH$s§ OÝ_ Kodmo{Z`m§ `mdo§ & _J _wº$ ìhmdo§ AmË_kmZo§ AmË_kmZ§o _w{º$ AmË_kmZo§ ^{º$ & AmË_kmZo§ em§{V _oidmdr _oidm`m em§Vr EH${M gmYZ & lrJwéMaU Cnmgmdo n[a{eï> - 4 / 333

&& 1 && && 2 && && 3 && && 4 && && 5 && && 6 && && 7 && && 8 && && 9 && && 10 && && 11 && && 12 && && 13 && && 14 && && 15 && && 16&&

Cnm{gVm§ ^md§o lrJwê$Mo nm` Ÿ& àgÞ Vmo hmo` ^m{dH$m§gr ^m{dH$m§gr Vmo{M XoB© AmË_kmZ Ÿ& em§{Vg_mYmZ AI§{S>V AI§{S>V _y{V© lrJwéMr Ü`mD§$$Ÿ& VoUo§ YÝ` hmoD§$ ñdm_r åhUo

&& 17 && && 18 && && 19 &&

VoWrc gd© ~miJmonmim§g gào_ Am{edm©X. nm§dg `oW§o Amncm _w¸$m_ `m Ionog MmaXmoZ {Xdg Amho, Ago§ lr. ^mD$amd åhUV hmoVo. AmZ§X Amho. ahmdo§, ho Am{edm©X. Amncm, ñdê$nmZ§X

3. && O` _mVmOrŸ&&

nm§dg, {XZm§H$ : 28.8.1958 ñdpñV lr{XJ§~aXmg & YÝ` Vw_Mm ào_moëhmg & gÒwégodm hm{M Ü`mg & cmJcm Vwåhm§g {Za§Va gÒwéM § o§ nwÊ`ñ_aU & gÒwéZm_g§H$sV©Z & gÒwéJwUmZwdmXJmZ Ÿ& ldU _ZZ gÒwéM § o§ gÒwé^º$m§ nmMmamd§o Ÿ& V`m§gm§JmVr§ ^OZ H$amdo§ & ^OZa§Jo§ a§Jmo{Z Omdo§ Ÿ& a§Jr§ {dgamd§o Xoh^mZ lrJwénXr§ AmdV©Z Ÿ& OnOmß` nyOmAM©Z & Yyn Xrn Z¡doÚg_n©U Ÿ& hmodmo{Z V„rZ H$amdo§ ho§ gdmªg_doV VrW© ¿`md§o Ÿ& _J àgmXmÞ godmdo§ & gÒþéd¡^d dmT>dmd§o & N>§X ñd^md§o Vw_Mm hm Agmo ^º$m§Mo _ZmoJV Ÿ& nwa{dVm lrgÒþé g_W© & Xod^º$ Eog§o Û¡V Ÿ& Xmdmo{Z IoiV ñd`o§ Vmo {M O` O` lrgÒþé_y{V© & dmgwXdo mZ§V gañdVr & Xodmhr Xwc©^ Or _w{º$ & ^º$m§ gwc^ Vr Vw{P`m H¥$no§ Vw{P`m H¥$n§o AkmZ{V{_a & jUmYmªV cmono gn[adma Ÿ& `oVm CX`m{Ðdar {XZH$a & cmonVmo A§Yma O¡em arVr

334 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

&& 1 && Ÿ&& 2 && && 3 && && 4 && && 5 && && 6 && && 7 && && 8 &&

V¡go lrgÒþé§Mo Xe©Z & KS>o Z KS>o O§d EH$ jU Ÿ& Vd OrdJ«§{W ghO| gwQ>moZ & VwQ>o ^d~§YZ EH$ga§o nm§Kamo{Z Xohm{X Cnm{Y Ÿ& Ord Jw§Vmo{Z Jocm {ÌewÕr Ÿ& _r _mP§o Eo{g`m ÑT>~Õ w r & {dgacm ew{Õ ñdê$nmMr _mPm Xoh _mPm g§gma Ÿ& _mP§o Ka _mPm n[adma Ÿ& Eogm Ah§__ËdmMm Omoa Ÿ& Jw§Vdr ^§Jwa gwIXw:Ir§ jU¡H$ gwI ^moJy§ Omdo§ Ÿ& V§d Anma Xw:I nwT§>o R>mH$md§o Ÿ& _J Pw§O KoVm§ V`mgdo§ Ÿ& gd©Wm {eUmd§o Ord_m̧o Eogm ^dXw:Ir {eUcm Ÿ& gÒwégr eaU Amcm Ÿ& VoUo§ gH¥$n hmodmoZ V`mcm & ñd^md§o Ho$cm {ZO~moY A§Var§ hmoVm§ {ZO~moY & _mdio AmKdm ^oXm^oX Ÿ& gdmª^yVr§ EH$cm JmoqdX & àH$Q>Vmo H§$X ñdmZ§XmMm gÒwéH¥$nm Eogr Wmoa & ~«÷m{XH$m§ Z H$io nma Ÿ& Aj`gwI Xodmo{Z Anma & Ordm n¡cnma nmddr Or åhUmo{Z`m§ {ZË` Zd§o Ÿ& gÒwé-nwÊ`ñ_aU H$amdo§ Ÿ& AZÝ`^md§o eaU Omd§o & OÝ_mo{Z ìhmd§o H¥$VH$m`© Agmo, Xoh| ~¡gcm§o `oW & Var _Zmo_mJ] dmdamo{Z VoW Ÿ& gH$i ~miJmonmim§g{hV & AmZ§X§o cwQ>rV ào_a§J ñdm_r åhUo lrJwé_y{V© & dmgwXdo mZ§V gañdVr Ÿ& MaUr§ R>do mo{Z ^md^{º$ & na_ em§{VgwI ^moJy§

&& 9 && && 10 && && 11 && && 12 && && 13 && && 14 && && 15 && && 16 && && 17 && && 18 &&

VoWrc gH$c ~mcJmonmcm§g h[añ_aUnyd©H$ ào_merdm©X. H$imdo§, ho Amerdm©X. Amncm, ñdê$nmZ§X

n[a{eï> - 4 / 335

4. && O` _mVmOrŸŸ&&

nm§dg, {XZm§H$ 30/3/1959

{à`lr g§V {XJ§~aXmg {dÇ>camdOr Omoer `m§gr h[añ_aUnyd©H$ AZoH$ Amerdm©X {deof. B©eH¥$noZo§ BH$S>rc gd© jo_. _w§~B©hÿZ Amcocr Vw_Mr§ XmoÝhr§ nÌo nmo§Mcr. {MÌH$ma lr. Jmo{cdS>oH$a `m§Mo§hr nÌ, _mM©Mo n{hbo AmR>dS>çm§V {_imc§o hmoVo§. Ë`m§Zr§ AmVm§ E{àcMo n{hco AmR>dS>çm§V `oVmo§, Ag§o {c{hc§o Amho. Agmo. Vwåhr lrgÒþé~m~m _hmamOm§Mo ^ì` g_m{Y_§{XamMo§ d Ë`mÀ`m AmOy~mOyÀ`m Imoë`m§Mo§ ~m§YH$m_ hmVr§ KoVco§ Amho, Vr ltMrM àoaUm Agë`m_wi§o Vo§ {gÕrg ZoÊ`mg lrM g_W© AmhoV. Ë`m§Mr godm H$aÊ`mM§o ^m½` Vwåhm§g cm^ë`m_wi§o Vw_M§o OrdZ H¥$VmW© Pmc§o Amho. XodmMo d¡^d gm§^mimd§o & Ý`yZnyU© nS>m|{M ZoXmdo§ & MT>V§o dmT>V§o dmT>dmd§o & ^OZ XodmM§o && 1 && O`§Ë`m nd] _hmoËgd & Ag§^mì` Mmcdr§ d¡^d & O| XoIVm§ ñdJvMo Xod & VQ>ñW hmoVr Ÿ&& 2 &&

gd© _§S>irg Amerdm©X. H$imdo§ ho Amerdm©X. Amncm, ñdê$nmZ§X

5. àofH$ $: lrg§V H$mH$m H$maImZrg, doimnya && lram_Ÿ&& doimnya, {XZm§H$ 14. 9. 1965

""Eoer H$idù`mMr Om{V H$ar cm^mdrU àr{V'' lr. Jw. {dÇ>camd `m§gr ào_mXanyd©H$ gm.Z.{d.{d. H$mc amÌr _wirM Pmoncmo Zmhr; nhmQ>o _moR>çm ào_mZo Vw_Mr AmR>dU Pmcr d da CÕ¥V Ho$coco lr.Vw._.Mo MaU AmR>dco d A§V:H$aU ào_mZo ^ê$Z Amco. Vw_Mo nÌ nmohmoMco. AmO ^mJdV 11 d _H$ag§H$« m§V - OrdmMo Jwéñdê$nmV g§H$« _U åhUOoM na_ H$ë`mU - lr~m~m§Mo ~møñdê$n d VgoM § lrA¸$cH$moQ>{Zdmgr ñdm_tMo ~møñdê$n åhUOo {edmMo Eoœ`© - a§H$mcm amÁ` XoD$Z ñdV: _mÌ Zm_m{Zamio. 336 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

ñdmZ§X{Zdmgr OmoJ_hmamO `m§Mr nwÊ`{VWr _mK dÚ 1. Ë`mdoir ~hþVoH$ _r Ami§Xrg OmD$Z g_mYrMo Xe©Z KoV AgVmo; gmYco Va `oUma Amho. Vw_Mr ^oQ> hmoB©cM; {gÕ^oQ> H$m`_MrM Amho. AmÎmm _mPo OmJoV `oWrc nmoñQ>c Amoìha{g`a (nmoñQ>_Z cmoH$m§daMo A{YH$mar) lr. ~. Xm. Hw$cH$Uu (EH$ XÎm^º$, lrJmUJmnyaMr dmar H$aUmao) lrJwéM[aÌ J«§WmMo nmam`U H$arV AmhoV. nhmQ>o 5 dm. gwê$ Pmco. AmÎmm (11.30 dm.) 28 dm AÜ`m` gwê$ Amho. Vwåhr _ZmZo `oWo Amhm§VM. Agë`m H$m`mªV Vw_À`m ghmZw^w{VMr {deof Amdí`H$Vm AgVo. OJm§V nwîH$i cmoH$ ~XcVmV. nU Vw_Mm _mÌ _O~ÔcMm J«h, n[aM` Pmë`mnmgyZ AmOVmJm`V Amho VgmM H$m`_ Amho d hr Jmoï> _mÂ`m ^mdr AÜ`mpË_H$ àJVrg \$ma nmofH$ Amho. _cm gÜ`m 58 do df© nyao hmoD$Z 59 do cmJco. (H$m{V©H$ dÚ 11 O.) VrZ Á`mo{Vfm§Zr _cm Ago gm§{JVco H$s 60 do df© nyU© Pmco H$s nyUm©dñWm àmá hmoB©c. nU _cm Ago dmQ>Vo H$s `m cmoH$m§Zm Agco àý {dMmaUmao {JèhmB©H$ WmoS>o, Ë`m_wio `mZm Ë`mVco H$mhr H$iV Agoc Ago {XgV Zmhr. nU ew^ ~mocVmV ho H$m` WmoS>o Amho! Agmo. àn§MmV àmaãY d na_mWm©V nwéfmW© Ago H$m§hr§ åhUVmV. Vwåhmcm OmñV H$iVo Ago _mPo _V Amho. nÌÛmam Vwåhmcm {eH$dÊ`mMm Amd AmUcm Amho Ë`m~Ôc amJ _mZy Z`o. AZwamJ H$amdm Aer ào_mMr {dZ§Vr Amho. gd© n[a{MVm§g A{YH$manaËdo§ gm. Z_ñH$ma d Amerdm©X. Amnco ñZohm§{H$V, J. Í`§. H$maImZrg

6. àofH$ $: lrg§V dhmiH$a~wdm, gmdS>}, {MniyU Ÿ&& › lrJwéXod XÎmmÌo`m` Z_:Ÿ && lmdU d.&& 14

{Ma§Ord {dO`r ^d am.{dÇ>c JUoe Omoer, _w¸$m_ aËZm{Jar `m§g ltMo AZ§V AmgradmX, {dŸ&& Amnco§ nÌ nmoMco§. ~m~m ao, ~wpÜYg{hV _Z {dao & {damoZr ñd àH$met Cao & Vo{M ñdê$n OmU {ZYm©a§o & ~«÷mË_ EoŠ` & åhUOo _ZgñVw nam~wpÜY & `mo ~w{Y: naVñVw g: & gmo@h§ `m§V gmo Q>m{H$Vm§, Ah§ åhUOo Ah§ gd©ñ` à^dmo _V: Ÿ& gdª àdV©Vo `m§V H$m` ~moY hmoVmo V|M Vy Amhog. h§o Amnco Ü`mZm§V `oB©cM. Agmo. {OVwH|$ OmUmoZr gm§{S>c§o & {VVHo$ Ñí` Amocm§{S>co && nmÊ`m§V ~wS>mcocm Bg_ _r Imoc nmÊ`m§V

n[a{eï> - 4 / 337

~wS>mcm§o åhUyZ Hw$Umcm gm§JUma EdT>m§M `m§V {dMma Amho. nÌ{dñVma eãXmZo {chmdm VodT>m WmoS>mM Amho. Agmo. Amncm AmnUM Amho. {dœm§V `mÑer ^mdZm `ñ` {g{Õ^©d{V VmÑer - `oW AmKdr {dËnÎmr {dgarOo & gmZnU nèhm§ gm§{S>Oo Ÿ& O¢ OJm YmHw$Q>o§ hmoBOo & V| OdirH$ _mPr && kmZoœar.Agmo. _mJrc nÌr§ gd© Iwcmgm Amho Vmo nwÝhm nwÝhm nhmdm. ~hþV H$m` {c{hUo ho AmgradmX. hcr _mPm _wH$m_ H$më`mg Amho. nm¡{U©_m Pmë`mZ§Va naV gmdS>çm©g OmB©Z. àH¥$Vr gwYmaUm ~ar Amho. amOm{YamO `moJramO lrñdm_r g_W© _hmamO H$s O` Ÿ& Amncm, am_M§Ð Zaqgh dhmiH$a

7. àofH$ : H°$ßQ>Z `w. Eg. d¡Ú , R>mUo Ÿ&& lr && From

R>mUo, ~wYdma 30.4.80

H°$ßQ>Z `w. Eg. d¡Ú ~r 2/5 {dœOrV hm¡qgJ gmogm`Q>r dra gmdaH$a _mJ© noQ´>moc n§nmOdi Zm¡nmS>m, R>mUo - 400 602.

am. am. {dÇ>camd _hmamO `m§g gào_ gmXa àUm_. ZwH$VmM _r d _mPr nËZr gm¡. Hw$gy_ (nydm©l_rMr Hw$gy_ Omoer) aËZm{Jarg Jocmo hmoVmo, Ë`mdoir Vr d am. ZmZm {XjrVMr nËZr Vw_À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r§ S>oadUcm OmD$Z Amë`m. _mhoadmerU åhUyZ Vwåhr {Vcm gmS>r Mmoir, AmoQ>r ^ê$Z da ImD$gmR>r§ {Vcm d _mÂ`mH$aVm§hr n¡go {XcoV. _mPrhr Vw_À`m ^oQ>rg `m`Mr \$ma BÀN>m hmoVr. na§Vw _mÂ`m OI_r nm`m§_wio `oD$ eH$cmo Zmhr. Vw_Mr ào_i d AmXanyd©H$ dmJUyH$ nmhÿZ _mPohr A§V:H$aU ^ê$Z Amco d Amncr H¥$VkVm ì`º$ H$amdr åhUyZ _r naV BW§ _w§~B©V Amë`mda Vwåhmcm nÌ {chm`cm KoVco. H$er gwadmV H$amdr Vo§M g_OoZm. ÑîQ>rg_moa Amnë`m chmZnUMm H$mi C^m am{hcm. n`m©À`m AmirVcr d BVa {R>H$mUMr X§Jm_ñVr, Ioi, ~§XyH$ CS>më`mda Amncr nmocrg Mm¡H$sdaMr hmOar - EH$ Zm XmoZ, ZmZm Ñî`§o ZOaog_moa {Xgy cmJcr. nÌ {c{hVmZm Vwåhmcm Vy åhUyZ g§~moYmdo H$s Vwåhr qH$dm AmnU åhUmdo H$s§ _hmamO åhUmdo

338 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

V|M g_OoZmgo Pmc|. Vwåhr AmR>dU R>odyZ ZmZmH$S>o, Xm_wAÊUm AmR>dë`mH$S>o, qÌ~H$ JmoS>~moë`mH$S>o d BVahr Amnë`m ~amo~aÀ`m XmoZ Mma {_Ìm§H$S>o _mPr Mm¡H$er Ho$crV. ~ao dmQ>co. Vwåhr na_mW© _mJm©H$S>o H$m§, H$go JocmV, Ho$ìhm JocmV, Vo _cm _mhrV Zmhr. na§Vw Omo _mJ© MmoImicmV Ë`m§V CÎm_ `e, Anyd© Zm§dcm¡{H$H$ g§nmXZ Ho$cmV EoHy$ZgwÕm Zoho_r AmZ§XM dmQ>cm. g_mYmZ dmQ>co. _r 1930 gmcr§ aËZm{Jar gmoS>cr. VmË`mamd gmdaH$a Ë`mdoir _mÂ`m _Yë`m AmirVrc Kam§V {~èhmS>H$ê$ hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m àoaUoZo _r _°{Q´>H$ Pmë`mda ~mhoa nS>cmo d Am_u_Ü`§o XmIc Pmcmo. gwadmVrMo Q´>oqZJ _wama (½dmëhoa) d Pm§ercm nyU© H$ê$Z nwT>rc 25-30 df} CÎma qhXwñVmZ, dm`ì` gahÔ àm§V d 5-5Ÿ&& df} naXoem§V am{hcmo. Xwgè`m _hm`wÕmV XmoZ VrZXm O~a OI_r hmoD$Z, ñdXoer§ 44 gmcr§ Amcmo. Am_uMo noZeZ KoD$Z B§{S>AZ nmocrg gpìh©g_Ü`§o Zo_UyH$ hmoD$Z AmJ«m; ZmerH$À`m S>m°. _w§O|À`m {_crQ>ar ñHy$cda H$_m§S>§Q> åhUyZ Amcmo. nwT>o ZmJnyacm hmo_ JmS>©g²_Ü`o noS> Am°\$sga åhUyZ h¡Ðm~mX nmocrg A°ŠeZ_Ü`§o H$m_ H$amdo cmJco. Ë`mZ§Va amOñWmZ, gm¡amï´>, JwOamV d _amR>dmS>çmVhr Ë`mM H$m_mda hmoVmo. Z§Va _mÌ {gpìhc noZeZ KoD$Z [aQ>m`a Pmcmo. Agm Amho _mPm WmoS>Š`mV B{Vhmg. _Ü`§Var 1940 gmcr§ c¾ H$ê$Z AmR>ì`m {Xder§M naXoemV Jocmo. AñVw. _cm EH$ _wcJr d VrZ _wcJo AmhoV. _wcJr JwhmJaÀ`m {XjrVm§H$S>o {Xcr Amho. gÜ`m Vr h¡Xam~mXog AgVo. {VÝhr _wcm§Mr c¾o hmoD$Z ZmVd§S>ohr AmhoV. {_iyZ gd© R>rH$ Amho. aËZm{Jarcm ~hþYm Xadfu _r d gm¡. Hw$gy_ OmVmoM. {VH$S>o Jocmo H$t gd© OmJr ^Q>H$Vmo, OwÝ`m AmR>dUr ZOaog_moa `oVmV. {e„H$ am{hcoë`m {_Ì _§S>itZm ^oQ>Vmo. _Zmcm Iyn g_mYmZ hmoVo. AñVw. Amncr àË`j ^oQ> ìhmdr Aer \$ma BÀN>m Amho, Ho$ìhm§ `moJ `oVmo Vo nmhÿ. nwZü EH$Xm§ Vw_Mo H¥$VkVmnyd©H$ Am^ma _mZyZ nÌ g§n{dVmo. Amncm, CÕdamd {gVmam_ d¡Ú

8. àofH$ : Zm. {e. nQ>dY©Z {X{jV Ÿ&&ŸlrgÒþédoZ_: && aËZm{Jar Vm. 9.6.59

lr. am. am. lrgÒþé^º$ AÊUm `m§{g H¥$. {e. gm. Z. {d. {d. AmnU _w§~B©hÿZ nmR>{dcoc§o H$mS>© {_imc§o. lrñWmZm{Vc H$m`©H«$_ ì`dñWrV gwê$ AmhoV. JwéZmW ~am Amho. AOyZ ZdrZ {ng§o `oD§$ cmJcocr§ ZmhrV. Am¡fY gwê$ Amho. lr am_Xmg ñdm{_ _hmamO `m§Mo g‚mZ JS>mdarc lr lrYa n[a{eï> - 4 / 339

ñdm{_ _hmamO ZwH$VoM aËZm{Jarg 4 {Xdg _w¸$m_ H$ê$Z Joco. BH$S>o nmD$g ~oVmMmM nS>V Amho. ~m{H$ {deof Zmhr§. H$. H¥$. cmo. A. ho {dZ§Vr. Amncm AmkmYmaH$, Zm. {e. nQ>dY©Z {X{jV 3014 {Q>iH$ Amir aËZm{Jar.

9. àofH$ : lrg§V {gVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a Ÿ&& lr &&

Vm. 7-9-60 lr. am. am. Omoer^mD$ `m§gr gmï>m§J Z_ñH$ma h„r§ Amncr Iwemcr ~aoM {Xdg g_Ocr Zmhr Var H¥$nmH$ê$Z IwemcrM§o nÌ `mdo Aer {dZ§Vr Amho lr gÒwé ~m~m§Mm àgmX ~mnQ> `m§Mo Odi nmR>{dcocm nmo§hmoMcm Xwgam _OHw$a 4Ÿ Jw§R>o _R>mMo O{_Zr~Ôc lr. aKwZmW e|~H$a `m§g Vw_Mr VH«$ma H$m§hr Agë`mg 1 _{hÝ`mMo Am§V Zm|X H$amdr Aer ZmoQ>rg Amcocr Amho. Ë`mdê$Z ^`§H$a g§Vmn Pmcm Amho. Ë`m ZmoQ>rerMr àV dmgwXod `mg H$idrÊ`mH$[aVm§ nmoï>mZo _w§~B©g Ë`m§Zr nmR>{dcr Amho. d Amåhm§g _R> Am_À`m O_rZrVyZ CR>D$Z KoD$Z Om. \$º$ g_mYr VodT>r Om½`mda R>odm. Agm {Zamon nmR>{dcm Amho. _oñÌr cmoH$m§Zmhr Y_H$s XoV AmhoV. Vwåhr§ gmo~V Ho${c ZgVr Va Vo BW§o am{hco ZgVo. dJ¡ao ~S>~S> Mmcy Amho. 1 _{hÝ`mZ§Va H$m` O~m~ _m_coXmamg_moa XoVmV V§o g_OocM. ~mH$s _mñVa, ZmZm e|~oH$a _oñÌr dJ¡aoMm AmnUmg gmï>mJ§ Z_ñH$ma. Am_Mr àH¥$Vr Mm§Jcr Amho. AmnU Amnë`m àH¥$Vrg OnyZ àdmg H$amdm. H$imdo ho {dZ§Vr. {gVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a

10. àofH$ : lrg§V {gVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a Ÿ&& lr && Vm. 7-11-60 lr. am. am. Omoer^mD$ `m§gr gragmï>m§J Z_ñH$ma AmnU nmR>{dcoc§o nÌ nmohm|Mco. lrgÒwé _hmamOm§Mo O`§VrMm CËgmh Pmcm AgocM. Am_Mo 340 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

MaUr gmï>m§J Z_ñH$ma gm§Jmdo. lr. am. am. ^m{Q>dS>oH$a `m§Mo ^o{Q>g AmOM OmV Amh|. AOyZ Vm[aI cmJcocr Zmhr§. BVa {R>H$mUr Vnmg H$aVm _R>m Im{cc {~ZeoVr ßcmQ>cm Hw$i H$m`Xm cmJw Zmht Ë`m 4 & Jw§R>çm§g Am_Mo Hw$i åhUyZ Zm§d cmJUma Zmht \$ma Va d{hdmQ>Xma åhUyZ Zmd cmJoc ~mH$s 7 Am§~o, 5 Zmair, 1 \$Ug {d{ha ht 4 & Jw§R>çmMo ~mhoa AmhoV Vr§ Am_M§o Zmdo AmhoV Vr gd© O_rZ 10 Jw§R>o ^aoc Vr ~mhoaMr O_rZ Am_Mo Zmdo§ Zmhr§ hmM _moR>m àý Amho Vr O_rZ Am_Mo Zmd§o cmJy eHo$c H$s§ H$m` hm {ZU©` _m_coXma `m§Moda Adc§~yZ Amho. PmS§>o Am_Mo Zmdo AmhoV Voìhm PmS>m§ImcMr O_rZ d{hdmQ>rZ| Hy$i åhUyZ Am_Mo Zmd| cmJmdr Aer VH«$ma H$amdr cmJoc. H$m` hmoV§o Vo nmhmd§o. ~mH$s _oñÌr, gwd}, XÎmm_mñVa, ZmZm eo§~H$a, lrnmX `m§Mo AmnUmg gmï>m§J Z_ñH$ma. lrnmX `mg aKwZmW `m§Zr Z§Xm{Xn cmdUog ~§Xr Ho$cr Amho. Am_Mo g_BªV Omoer `m§Mm Z§Xm{Xn cm§dy ZH$mo nm{hOo Agoc Va ñdV§Ì cmd. H$imdo ho {dZ§Vr. {gVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a

11. àofH$ : lr. J. am. ZmB©H$ Ÿ&& › && 293,295 VmS>Xdo amoS>, _w~§ B© - 7 {XZm§H$ : 23.6.53

lrgÒwé Omoer gmho~ `m§gr, gm. Z. {d. {d. Amnco H¥$nmnÌ nmohmo§Mco. CÎma nmR>{dÊ`mg {dc§~ cmJcm. lrñdm_r^º$ _a~ùir `m§MoH$Sy>Z g{dñVa hH$sJV H$icrM Agoc. lrñdm_tMr à{V_m-n|Q>tJ - ewH«$ (dma) 19 VmaIoamoOr amÌm¡ 12 dmOVm§ nwar Pmcr§. Ë`mMr ñWmnZm d n{hcr nwOm Amnco hmVyZ ìhmdr Aer gdmªMr BÀN>m Amho. Am{Q>©ñQ> lr.M§ÐeoIa ZmS>H$Uu `m§Zr Amnco g§nyU© öX`M OUy H$m` Ë`m n|Q>tJ_Ü`o AmoVco§ Amho Ag§o dmQV|. AmnU `mc d nhmc Ë`mdoir AmnUm§g IamM AmZ§X hmoB©c. lr. h. ^. n. do. em. g§. AÊUmgmho~ H$m_V gÜ`m {dconmc} `oWo lr.{dîUyn§V H$m_V `m§MoH$S>o AmhoV Ago H$iVo. lr A¸$cH$moQ>Mo lrJOmZZ _hmamO `m§Zm `m ~m~V H$i{dco Amho. na§Vw Vo _w§~BªV Ho$ìhm§ `oVrc Vo {Z{üV Zmhr. Voìhm AmnUM `m H$m`m©g `mdo d ñdm_tÀ`m Xa~mamV ñdm_tZm ~gdyZ nwOoMr gwadmV H$amdr. lr._wa~ùir `m§Zm ñdm_tMm AmXoe Amho H$s, ""gd© {Xdg _mPoM AmhoV. `m H$m_mcm _whÿV© n[a{eï> - 4 / 341

ZH$mo. H$moUVmhr {Xdg Z¸$s H$am.'' Voìhm§ Omo doi d {Xdg AmnU R>admc Vmo lr AmOmo~m§Zm _mÝ` hmoB©c. hm g_ma§^ H$moUVmhr JmOmdmOm Z H$[aVm§ AJXt ImOJr àH$mao hmoUma Agë`m_wi| AmnU _witM AZw_mZ H$ê§$ Z`o d Ogo AmnUmg eŠ` hmoB©c Ë`m {Xder `mdo. VgoM AmOmo~m§Zm Hw$R>| ~gdmd| d Ë`m ~m~V Amnë`m gyMZm H$i{dU|. AmnU gm§Jmc Ë`mà_mUo gd© ì`dñWm hmoB©c. Aä`mgmg gwédmV Ho$cr Amho. AmVm§ 15 {_{ZQ>o H$_tVH$_r ~am Aä`mg hmoVmo. lr. nam§Ono gÜ`m noU `oW§o AmhoV. lr. ImZ{dcH$a ewH«$dmaMo `oVmV. lr. Mm§XoaH$a d lr. AÊUo{Jar lrJm|Xo `oWo lrg_mYr ñWmnZo{àË`W© Joco AmhoV Vmo CËgd 25 VmarI, Jwédmar _w»`V: Amho. Amnco nÌmMr Amåhr dmQ> nhmV AmhmoV. - ZmB©H$ (lr. J. am. ZmB©H$ ho lrñdm_r g_WmªZm "lrAmOmo~m' Ago g§~§{YV AgV.)

12. àofH$ : lr. H$m. X. JÐo Ÿ&& lr Ÿ&& 570 {edmOr ZJa, aËZm{Jar. {XZm§H$ 8.7.55

1) Jwé~§Yy am. am. {dÇ>camd D$\©$ AÊUm `m§g gm. Z. Amnco nÌ {M. am. OZy {MniyUH$a `mg Amc§o. Ë`mZ§o Amncr Iwemcr gm§{JVcr. d g{dñVa nÌ nmR>{dÊ`mg AmnU {c{hë`mM§o gm§{JVc§o. 2) BH$S>rc gd©Ì jo_ Agmo§. _r _YyZ Ho$ìhm§Var Jm§dmV Joë`mg ZmZm {X{jVm§H$S>o OmVm| d Xe©Z KoD$Z `oVm|. noÝeZcm _mÌ R>am{dH$ doit OmVm|. Voìhm§ VoW| OmVm|. Am_Mr _§S>ir Joë`m _{hÝ`mMo 14 VmaIog O`JS>mg Jocr AmhoV. 2/4 {Xdgm§V `oVrc Agm VH©$ Amho. KamOdirc ^mVmMr S>~H$s¨ _r _hmXod JS>çmMo _XVrZ| cmdcr AmhoV d ^mV eoV e§H$a Vocr `mO~amo~a AY©cr - dmQ>çmZo§ Ho$c| Amho. ~mH$s gd© R>rH$ Mmcc| Amho. `§Xm WmoS>m Am§ã`mMm ì`mnma Ho$cm hmoVm Ë`m§V 20/25 én`o {_imco. 3) nwÊ`mhÿZ am. am. Am§~oH$a `m§Mo ghrM| EH$ nÌH$ Amc| Amho d Ë`m§V Jw. am. am. ~m~m§Mr àW_ nwÊ`{VWr 7/8/55 cm nwÊ`mg ìhmd`mMr AgyZ Ë`mgmR>r g{_Vr Zo_cr Amho. godm nmR>dmdr Agm _OHy$a Amho. AmnU Ë`mdoir nwÊ`mg OmUma Amhm§ Ago OZyÀ`m nÌm§V Amho Ago Vmo åhUmcm. Jw. am. am. ~m~m§Mr nwÊ`{VWr aËZm{Jar `oWo gmOar ìhmdr Ago§ _mPo _ZmV Amho d AmnU `oWo§ AgVm§Zm `oW| nwÊ`{VWr H$amd`mMr Agm Amncmhr ~oV hmoVm Var Vmo H$m§ ~Xccm ? Jwénm¡{U©_oMo 342 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

{Xder _mYdamd JmoS>~moco _OH$S>o Amco hmoV|. Ë`m§Zr AmUcocr Jwcm~mMr \w$co Jw. am. am. ~m~m§Mo \$moQ>mocm dm{hcr. AmVm d && 3 cm ZmZm {X{jV ho _OH$S>o `oVrc d JwénËZr gm¡.XwJm©VmBªMo lmÕm{Z{_Îm Ë`m§g XyY d XjUm XoB©Z. BH$S>o nmD$g AmÎmmn`ªV Mm§Jcm nS>V Amho. 4) na_nyÁ` JwéM[aÌ g§emoYH$ d Zm_ qMVm_UrMo coIH$ am. am. AÊUmgmho~ H$m_V, _~©„r d BVa nyOZr` ì`º$s `m§g _mPo gmï>m§J Z_ñH$ma gm§JUo. d Am{edm©X _mJUo. lr gX²>JwéMaUt AT>i {Zð>m amhmo Aer _mPogmR>r§ Ë`m§g {dZ§Vr H$amdr. 5) AmnU 7/8/55 nwdu BH$S>o `oUma H$m` ? Zgë`mg nwÊ`{VWr H$em [aVrZ| gmOar H$amdr `mÀ`m H$m§hr§ gyMZm H$aÊ`mgma»`m Agë`mg H$amì`m. H$imdo. nÌmoÎma `mdo. dmQ> nhmV Amh§o. ñdm_r ñdénmZ§X, {XJ§~aXmg d BVa g§Vg‚mZm§À`m {ZË` ^oQ>r AmhoVM. H$imdo cmo^ AmhoM d¥Õr ìhmdr hr {dZ§Vr. Vm. H$. : Vm.9/6/55 amoOr§ _mYdamd JmoS>~moco L.L.B. Pmco. Am. Z_« Jwé~§Yy, H$m. X. JÐo

13. àofH$ : lr. Or. Or. AmioH$a && lr g.Jw.àgÞ && 883 gXm{ed, nwUo 2 {XZm§H$ : 7.11.55

lrH¥$nmgmJa AI§S> AZw^dr lr. n. nw. {dÇ>camd Omoer `m§g, H¥$VmZoH$ gào_ {eagmï>m§J Z_ñH$ma {d. {d. Amncr nadmZJr KoD$Z {ZKmcmo Z§Va a{ddmar gH$mir `oWo nmohmoMcmo. lr. am. am. `§Xo `m§Zr gm§{JVcocm {Zamon lr. Am§~oH$a `m§MoH$S>o OmD$Z gm§{JVcm. AmË_à^m nwñVH$mMo chmZgo nÌH$ H$mT>Ê`m~Ôc Vo åhUmco _OH$S>o H$m§ht Zmht. lr. nmR>H$ Ë`m~Ôc H$m` Vo H$aUma AmhoV. Ë`m§g {dMmamdo Ë`m à_mUo _r lr. ZmZmgmho~ nmR>H$ `m§g gmocmnwamg nÌ nmR>{dco Amho. AmnU lr. OJÞmW _hmamO n§S>rV `m§g nÌ XoUma Vo _r _w§~B© gmoS>Ê`mMo nydu AmnUmH$Sy>Z KoÊ`mMo {dgacmo H¥$nm H$ê$Z Vgo nÌ _cm nmR>dmdo. lr. am. am. JwO©a `m§g Amncm {Zamon H$i{dcm d nÎmmhr {Xcm Amho. Vo åhUmco ßcmQ>da B_maV dJ¡ao hmoUmao H$m_ Amnco hñVoM hmoUma Ago lr. noR>o åhUmco Vo AmnUmg gm§{JVco hmoVo. `oWo lr. ~rS>H$a _hmamO `m§Mo _R>mV Jwédmar OmD$Z naV `oVmZm dmQ>oV _Yw Xoenm§S>o d {XKo ^oQ>co. n[a{eï> - 4 / 343

Vo åhUmco lr. {dÇ>camd `m§Zr am. XmVma `m§g XmoZ {M_Ê`m {Xë`m hmoË`m Ë`m CSy>Z Joë`m d XmVma AmVm ~ao AmhoV. ho§ Ë`m§Mo ~mocUo _cm gmYo dmQ>co Zmhr. Hw$pËgVnUmMo {Xgco. _r 22/11/55 amoOr Mr\$ B§{O{ZAaMm Interview _m{JVcm hmoVm Ë`mMo AmO CÎma Amco H$s¨ Ho$ìhm§hr Am°{\$g doimV C.A.O. hoS>ŠcmH©$Mo daMo Bg_mg ^oQ>mdo. H$m` H$amdo Vo H$idmdo. H¡$. h[a^mD$ H$ÝhoaH$a `m§Mo Z§.2 Mo {Ma§Ord kmZoœar dmMUo Mmcy H$amdo Agm BamXm Amho Var Ho$ìhm gwê$ H$amdo ho AmnUmg nÌmZ§o {dMmam Ag| åhUmë`mdê$Z ho {chrco Amho. lr. Iao `m§Mo _oìhUo am.Omoer `m§MoH$S>o Agcocr ^m§S>r {dH$Ê`mg _cm gm§{JVco hmoVo. Vr ^m§S>r {dH$m`Mr ZmhtV. H$m§ht a¸$_ XoD$Z Vr ^m§S>r R>odmd`mMr Ago lr. \$S>Ho$ A§~aZmWMo d Amnco åhUUo Amho Ago lr. lrnmXamd JmoIco åhUmco. ßbmQ>cm é.10,000/- Mr lr.JwidUr `m§Mr _mJUr Pmcr. d AmnU é.11,000/- XoD$ Ho$co AmhoV Ago AÊUm H$mio `m§Mo _mS>rda amhUmao H$mio H$mc åhUV hmoVo. lr~m~m§À`m Am§JR>çm H$ê$Z {dH$ë`m. _cm `mn¡H$s H$m§htM _mhrV Zmht. Ago _r Ë`m§g gm§{JVco. XmVma `oWo Amco Ago g_Oco. _r H$moUmH$S>ohr OmV Zmhr. lr. {MniyUH$a, ñdénmZ§X ñdm_r, Hw$cH$Uu I.Tax Officer `m§g ^oQ>ë`mg Z_ñH$ma. CÎmamMr dmQ> nhmV Amho. Or. Or. AmioH$a

14. àofH$ : lr. {dÇ>c EH$ZmW Hw$cH$Uu && lr gÒþédoZ_:Ÿ&&

lr ~m~m_hmamOg_mYr _§Xra 937 S>r.[e.ZJa nwUo 4 Vm.17.10.57

lr d§XZr` H¥$nmgmJa {dÇ>camdOr Omoer _wŸ&& aËZm{Jar ñdm_tMo eodogr H¥$VmZ§V gmm§ Z_ñH$ma {dZpÝV:ltM§o H¥$noZ| d Am{gadmXo H$ê$Z Hw$ec Agmo {deof: Amnc§o S>oadU _w¸$m_r§M§o Vm. 7.10.57 M§o H¥$nmnÌ Vm.10 amoOr§ `oW§o {_imc§o. _OHy$a g_Ocm, AmZ§X Pmcm. _mJrc nÌm§V {c{hco§ nojm§ OmñV H$m_ åhUOo eoS> _Yrc noQ>r OmJoMo H$nmQ> V`ma Pmco§, n[ü_~mOyg Omir _mê$Z V`ma Pmcr ^m§S>çmH$[aVm§ CÎma ~mOyMo nÍ`mcJV 1 \w$Q>r \$ir _macr. d ~¡R>H$sMo OmJoÀ`m darc ~mOyg nmoQ> _mim V`ma H$ê$Z KoVcm. Amnco Amko à_mU§o ltMr godm {~ZMwH$ H$aUoMr I~aXmar KoV Amho. lr. XÎmmon§V ^Q>, lr. dmKgmho~, lr. S>m°. Ioa, lr. Xod d lr. H$mio lr AmZ§Xamd nmR>H$ lr. lrnmX JmoIco lr. nmaIr _mñVa lr. ~moS>gH$mH$m lr. nmZdcH$a lr. S>m°. ^mJdV AmXr _§S>ir {ZË` 344 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

Xe©Zmg `oVmV. d H$mhr§ g§Ü`mH$mit ltMo AmaVrghr hOa AgVmV lr. ~mimgmmo {MVio AmO `oD$Z Joco Ë`m§Zr 1/2 {Xdgm§V eoS>_Yrc O_rZ V`ma H$aUog gwadmV hmoB©c Ag§o gm§{JVc§o. _mir amoO `oV AgVmo. AÚmnr ZdrZ cmJdS> H$mhr§ Pmcr Zmhr. 1/2 {Xdgm§V ZdrZ ^mOr noa hmoB©c. 50 Hw§$S>çm AmUyZ Ë`m§V VwietMo amonm§Mr cmJU Pmcr§ Vg§oM ltM§o _§{Xam ^m|dVr§hr Vwier cm{dë`m AmhoV, ZdrZ VoaS>çmg \w$c§o `oD§$ cmJcr§ AmhoV. gd© dmVmdaU em§VVoMo§ Amho JS>~S> dJ¡ao H$m§hr§ Zmhr. S>mqi~ d Am§~m amon§o cmJUrg 2/3 {Xdgm§V IÈ>o KoUoMo§ H$m_ H$ê$Z KoVmo. VyV© ltMo nyOog d hmamg \w$c§o ~hmarMr AgVmV. eod§Vrg H$ù`m Amë`m AmhoV 4-5 \w$c§o amoO nwOog {_iVmV. lr. ndma _w¸$m_mg `oW§oM AgVmV amÌnmir g§nyZ {Xdgnmir gwê§$ Pmcr Amho. lr _m_mgmmo Jmoao (aËZm{JarMo) AmOM ltMo Xe©Zmg `oD$Z Xe©Z KoD$Z Joco. Ë`m§Mo ~amo~a ltMm àgmX nmR>{dcm Amho Vmo VoWo§ AmnUm§g {_iocM. _w§~B©Mo lr. ZmJaH$Å>r `oWo§ `oD$Z Joco Amnco nadmZJr àmm| Ë`m§Mm A{^foH$ ltMo ñWmZr§ H$ê$Z àgmX _w§~B©g nmR>dyZ {Xcm Amho VgoM 2/3 {Xdgmnydu lr. H$„o h| hr Xe©Zmg `oD$Z Joco. A§~aZmWMo S>moiohr 1/2 doim§ `oD$Z Joco. lr. ZmZm \$S>Ho$ ho hr _Ü`§Var ñnoec Eg.Q>r.~g KoD$Z gw_mao 20-25 _§S>itgh Xe©Zmg `oD$Z Joco. gw_mao 1 Vmg _w¸$m_ hmoVm. ~mH$s gd© lrH¥$noZ§o R>rH$ Amho OmñV H$m` {chmdo eodogr lwV hm§o. ho {dkmnZm Amncm Amkm§{H$V, {dÇ>c EH$ZmW Hw$cH$Uu

15. àofH$ : lr. {dÇ>b EH$ZmW Hw$bH$Uu Ÿ&& lrgÒþédoZ_: && lr g§V, X`md§V, H¥$nmgmJa lr.{dÇ>camdOr Omoer _w. aËZm{Jar ñdm_tMo godgo r

Vm. 8.7.58 lrgÒwé ~m~m_hmamO g_mYr _§Xra, 937 S>r {e.ZJa, nwUo - 4

godH$ {dRy> Hw$cH$Uu `mMm {eagmï>m§J Z_ñH$ma {dZpÝV {dkmnZm : lrH¥$n§oH$ê$Z d Amnc§o Am{edm©X| H$ê$Z CÎm_ Agmo. AmnUm§g nmR>{dcoc§o nmH$sQ> nÌ {_imc§o AgocM. AmnUm§H$Sy>Z Amcoë`m lrgÒwéñ_aU ñVdZn{ÌH$m d noT>o {_imco Vo ltMo nwT>o§ RodyZ d EH$ àV nwT§>o dm§§MyZ XmI{dcr§§. ltZm Amnco Z_ñH$ma gmXa Ho$co àVr Á`mÀ`m Ë`mg lr. ~mimgmm|Mo gm§JUo àmmo XoV Amcmo d Amho. AÚmnr H$m§hr§ Úmd`mÀ`m AmhoV nwT>rc añË`mMo ~mOyZ _mù`mZ§o \$mQ>H$mMo ~mhoa 5 PmS>o cmdcr§ d Ë`mg Hw§$nUo§ H$ê$Z KoVcr§ AmhoV VgoM _mJrc ßcm°Q>_Ü`o 40 JmS>çm _mVr AmUyZ KmVcr d H$m§hr§ ^mJm§V n[a{eï> - 4 / 345

^mOrnmcm d H$mhr ^mJ \w$cPmS>mH$[aVm§ V`ma Ho$cm Amho. AOyZ \w$cPmS>o§ cmdcr Zmhr§V ßcm°Q> ^modVmcMo Vmam§Mo Hw§$nU ZdrZ S>m§~ KmcyZ d Vma R>moHy$Z V`ma H$ê$Z KoVc§§o Amho. 10 \w$Q>m§Mo \$mQ>H$ Ho$co Amho d _Ü`§Var EH$ chmZ \$mQ>H$ _§{XamMo ~mOyg AmVco ^mJm§V H$ê$Z KoVco Amho. H$mc g§Ü`mH$mir lr. Hw$cH$Uu BZñnoŠQ>a gmmo§. `m§Mo~amo~a ltMm àgmX A§Jmam d 2 A§{Oao nmR>{dcr§ AmhoV AmOnmgyZ nmdgmg OmoamV gwédmV Pmcr Amho. Joco 5-7 {XdgmnmgyZ Xwnmar W§S>r dmOyZ Vmn ^aVmo d 2/3 Vmgm§Zr H$_r hmoVmo. Am¡fY KoV§ Amho. lrH¥$noZ§o cdH$aM ~ao§ dmQ>oc. amÌr Pmon nyU© cmJV Zmhr. ^yH$ cmJV Zmhr§ ltMr H$m_§o doioda H$aUoMm H$Q>mjmZ§o à`ËZ H$arV Amho AÚmn n`ªV Var Mmc§y AmhoV lr. ~mimgmmo nmZdcH$a, lr. AmZ§Xamd nmR>H$, lr. XodH$mH$m, lr. H$mioH$mH$m, lr. nmaIr _mñVa, lr. S>m°. ^mJdV d Ë`m§Mr _§S>ir§ lr. _m_mgmmo Hw$cH$Uu d Ë`m§Mr _§S>ir§ {ZË` Xe©Zmg `oVmV lr. dmKgmmo.hr `oVmV. lr. ^Q>H$mH$m AYyZ _YyZ `oV AgVm§V. S>m°. Ioa Jwédma a{ddmar `oV AgVmVM. lr. ~m~yOr lr. JwO©aH$mH$m lr. ~moH$sc _mñVa lr. {S>Ho$ lr. ~d} BZñnoŠQ>a eodS>o {c_`o n|S>go ~jr dJ¡ao _§S>ir `oVmV. lr. ndma `m§Mr h„r amÌnmir Mmcy Amho. 1 VmaIog cKwéÐ d 11 A{^foH$ Pmco. {eè`mMm àgmX dm§Q>cm. 4 VmaIog lr. gm¡. Jwé_mVm XwJm©VmB© `m§Mo nwÊ`{VWrg gdmîU ~«m÷U ^moOZ Pmco, IU AmoQ>rg KmVcm. lr. ^mD$amd XogmB© `m§Mmhr cKwéÐ AJmoXa Pmcm. nwÝhm§ cm¡H$aM EH$ cKwéÐ hmoUma Amho Pmë`mda H$idrZ. h„r Jwcm~ d OwB©g ~hma Amcm Amho. \w$co§ ^anya {ZKVmV S>o{c`mMr cmJU Ho$cr Amho. nwT>rc ~mOyg ^|S>t, Jdma, H$aS>B©, lmdU KodS>m ^mOr noacr CJdyZ Amcr Amho. _mJrc ßcm°Q>_Ü`§ohr ^mOr noacr Amho Vr CJdV Amho. Vm|S>cr daModa {ZKVmV KodS>m AOyZ \w$ccm Zmhr§. a{ddmar lr. VmË`mgmmo Omoer `m§Mo Kar _rqQ>J KoÊ`mMo§ R>ac§o hmoVo H$m` Pmc§o V§o H$imc§o Zmhr§. lr. am_^mD$ g_oi `m§MoH$Sy>Z CËgdm{Z{_Îm H$mnya CX~Îmr d Yyn Amcm Amho. lr. ~m~mgmmo {MVio d lr. VmË`mgmo Omoer ~a§oM {Xdg BH$S>o Amco Zmhr§§V Vgo§M lr. dm_Zamd Hw$cH$Uu hr 15 {XdgmnmgyZ Amco Zmhr§V. ZJaMo S>m°. YZoœa lr. AÊUmgmmo. Ioa dJ¡ao _§S>ir `oD$Z Jocr. _w§~B©À`m Hw$. gwYm \$S>Ho$ Amë`m hmoË`m. ~mH$s gd© Zoh_r§§à_mUo Mmc§y Amho. OmñV H$m` {chmdo§. gmo~V A§Jmam d àgmX nmR>{dcm Amho VoWrc ltM§oñWmZr Z_ñH$ma à{dï> H$amdo Aer {dZ§Vr Amho. eodogr lwV hmo` ho {dkmnZm Amncm Z_«, lrgÒwéMaUaO godH$ {dRy> Hw$bH$Uu

346 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

16. àofH$ : lr. aKwZmW Ho$ed Omoer Ÿ&& lrgÒwé àgÞ && 57 `mXmoJmonmi noR>, gmVmam 27-1-1980

lr. gÒwé na_h§g {dÇ>c amdOr Omoer `m§gr gào_ {e. gm. Z_ñH$ma {d. {d. Amnco Am{edm©Xo H$ê$Z AmO n`ªV gd© jo_. XmgmZwXmg _r Vw_Mm F$Ur {ZKmcmo Xe©Zr Vw_{M`m. AmVm§ ^oQ>rMm `moJ `oV Amho åhUyZ AmZ§X hmoV Amho. _cm nwÊ`mg noZeZÀ`m H$m_r `oU§o Amho. EH$ {Xdg Q´>oPar§V H$m_ Amho. lrgÒwé ~m~m _hmamO `m§Mo g_mYr _§{XamV _w¸$m_ H$amdm Ago _mZgt Amho. Var Amncr Ver H¥$nm Pmë`mg AmZ§XmZ§o EH$ {Xdg amhrZ. {M. AemoH$ `mg H$m` Amkm Vr gm§{JVë`mg _cm H$ioc. AmOn`ªV AI§S> Mmccoë`m CnH$mamg gr_m Zmhr§. Ë`m_wio g§gmamV H$ï>r hmoÊ`mMo àg§J Amco Zmhr§V Var AerM H¥$nmÑï>r Agmdr. Amnco CnH$mamMr \o$S> hmoUo§ Zmhr. AgmM Zoh_r F$Ur Agmdm. XmoZ hmV d EH$ S>moB© ho§M MaUr An©U Ho$co Amho. lr. am. am. dPoH$mH$m d Xoenm§S>o `m§g gào_ Z_ñH$ma. à{dï> ìhmdo. Amnco MaUr d§XZ H$ê$Z VyV© aOm KoVmo. Amncm H¥$nm{^bmfr, aKwZmW Ho$ed Omoer D

D

d

D

A^§J nmht ao emoYmoZ A§Va§Jr Xod & dmCJ| bmKd H$m§ H$argr &&

1

ZH$mo VrWm©Q>U, ZH$mo d«V Vn & Yat AZwVmn {df`m§Mm &&

2

_m`oMr g§JVr gm§S>r doJt AmVm§ & ^oQ>moZr AZ§Vm A§Va§Jr &&

3

D$Üd©nW§ Yat, OmimoZr dmgZm & d¥Îmr AZwgY § mZm _mOr Kmbt && 4 Xmg åhUo KoBª drQ> _mB©H$mMm & ñ_a| Mmar dmMm, Zm_ {ZË` && 5 Ÿ&& lrgÒþéMaUmaqdXmn©U_ñVw Ÿ&&

n[a{eï> - 4 / 347

n[a{eï> H«$. 5 lr_hmamOm§Zm Ambobr nÌo (N>m`m§{H$V àVr) nÌ H«$.

01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

àofH$

n¥ð> H«$.

lr. ~m. à. XmVma lr. lrnmX b. JmoIbo lr.{dídZmW X. à^wXogmB© lr. ~m. à. XmVma lr. ^mbM§Ð ZmJoe WÎmo lr. ~m. à XmVma lr. d. _. JwO©a lr. J§JmYa JUoe AmioH$a lr. nm§Sw>a§J _a~ùir lr. nm§S>wa§J _a~ùir lr. Zahar H$mio lr. am. ~m. Am§~oH$a lr. _mYd {MVio lr. _mYd {MVio

Q>rn : hr nÌo AmR>ì`m àH$aUmÀ`m g§X^m©Vrb AmhoV.

348 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

349 350 351 353 354 356 357 359 361 364 366 368 370 371

1. àofH$ : lr. ~m. à. XmVma

n[a{eï> - 5 / 349

2. àofH$ : lr. lrnmX b. JmoIbo

350 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

3. àofH$ : lr. {dídZmW X. à^wXogmB©

n[a{eï> - 5 / 351

..... lr. {dídZmW X. à^wXogmB©

352 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

4. àofH$ : lr. ~m. à. XmVma

n[a{eï> - 5 / 353

5. àofH$ : lr. ^mbM§Ð ZmJoe WÎmo

354 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

..... lr. ^mbM§Ð ZmJoe WÎmo

n[a{eï> - 5 / 355

6. àofH$ : lr. ~m. à. XmVma

356 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

7. àofH$ : lr. d. _. JwO©a

n[a{eï> - 5 / 357

..... lr. d. _. JwO©a

358 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

8. àofH$ : lr. J§JmYa JUoe AmioH$a

n[a{eï> - 5 / 359

..... lr. J§JmYa JUoe AmioH$a

360 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

9. àofH$ : lr. nm§Sw>a§Jamd _a~ùir

n[a{eï> - 5 / 361

..... lr. nm§Sw>a§Jamd _a~ùir

362 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

..... lr. nm§Sw>a§Jamd _a~ùir

n[a{eï> - 5 / 363

10. àofH$ : lr. nm§Sw>a§Jamd _a~ùir

364 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

..... lr. nm§Sw>a§Jamd _a~ùir

n[a{eï> - 5 / 365

11. àofH$ : lr. Zahar H$mio

366 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

..... lr. Zahar H$mio

n[a{eï> - 5 / 367

12. àofH$ : lr. am. ~m. Am§~oH$a

368 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

..... lr. am. ~m. Am§~oH$a

n[a{eï> - 5 / 369

13. àofH$ : lr. _mYd {MVio

370 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

14. àofH$ : lr. _mYd {MVio

n[a{eï> - 5 / 371

..... lr. _mYd {MVio

372 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

..... lr. _mYd {MVio

n[a{eï> - 5 / 373

..... lr. _mYd {MVio

D D D

374 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&

n[a{eï> H«$. 6 : g§H$sU© 1. lrgX²Jêw $ ~m~m _hmamO `m§À`m 1960 gmbr gmOè`m Pmboë`m O`§Vr CËgdmÀ`m doir, ^moOZ-ì`dñWog§~§Yr lr_hmamOm§Zr Ho$bobo {Q>nU › VV² gV² Ÿ& lrgX²Jwado Z_: Ÿ&&

{X. 31-10-60

Xwnmar

amÌr (100) amÌr ór ñd`§ godH$m§Zr§ dmT>Uo§. (100) &&

nmZ| 100 g_m{Y_§{Xam§À`m CÎmaog ~g{dUo, 16 Mr 1 am§J `mà_mUo 6 am§Jm, nwéf ñd`§gdo H$ 5 d dmT>nr 5 nmZ| 100 1-11-60 n§JV darbà_mU| ~g{dU|. nwéf ñd`§gdo H$ d 5 dmT>nr `m§Zr dmT>U|. (100) nmZ|o 200 2-11-60 && darb à_mUo n{hbr n§JV d Ë`mbm bmJyZ bhmZ _wbm§Mr 3035 nmZ|, n{hbr n§JV - ór ñd`§gdo H$ d 5 dmT>nr Xwgar n§JV - nwéf ñd`§gdo H$ d 5 dmT>nr (200) nmZ| 1200 3-11-60 && n§JVr 4, àË`oH$ n§JV g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m CÎmaog 100, nyd}g 100 d CÎmaoÀ`m n§JVrg bmJyZ _wbm§Mr n§JV gw_mao 50 nmZ|. n{hbr n§JV - 10 ór ñd`§gdo H$ d 12 dmT>nr Xwgar, {Vgar, Mm¡Wr n§JV - 10 nwéf ñd`§gdo H$ d 12 dmT>nr (100) nmZ| 250 4-11-60 && n{hbr n§JV 150 nmZ| _§{XamMo CÎmaog. ór ñd`§gdo H$ 10 d 5 dmT>nr. Xwgar n§JV - nwéf ñd`§gdo H$ d 5 dmT>nr `moOZm : lr. ^mD$amd XogmB© d JS>r, _mobH$aUr d ñd`§godH$ {_iyZ nmQ> _m§S>U|, nmZ| KmbUo d nmZ| H$mT>U| d ^m§S>r CMbyZ ZoUo d YwdyZ nwÝhm _m§S>Uo, lr. ^mD$amd XogmB© `m§Zr `m gd© JmoîQ>r H$ê$Z KoÊ`mMo Amho. XaamoO _mobH$aUr 4 d JS>r 4. {X. 3-11-60 amoOr _mobH$aUr 6 d JS>r 4 bmJUmè`m dñVyM § r d _mUgm§Mr `mXr : (1) dmT>nr amoO 5 à_mUo {X. 31-10-60, 1-11-60 d 2-11-60 d 4-11-60 dmT>nr 12 {X. 3-10-60 amoOr, (2) nÌmdir - 4 hOma, (3) ÐmoU- 4 hOma, (4) nmQ> ~mhoê$Z AmUÊ`mMo - 150.

n[a{eï> - 6 / 375

2. Á`oð> g_Wm}nmgH$ lr. e§H$aamd lrH¥$îU Xod, Ywio `m§Mo lrgX²Jwê$ {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO `m§Zm nÌ Am{U Ë`m nÌmdaM lr_hmamOm§Zr Zm|X{dbobo Amnbo CÎma.

D D D

376 && M¡VÝ`gy`©Ÿ &&