Pd 6 Criteria For Classifying Animals

A. embryology-Zane • • • • • • •

blastula development splits animal kingdom in half if the blastula(first pore) becomes the mouth then its a protostome if it becomes the anus it is a deuterostome protostomes includes most invertebrates deuterostomes are most vertebrates http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryology http://www.biologyreference.com/Co-Dn/Development.html

B. homology-Nicki • • • • • • •

They have similar appearance or functions They were inherited from a ancestor that also had them examples are the forelimb of a bear, the wing of a bird, your arm all have the same function. There can also be nonhomologous stuctural similarities between species. In this case the ancestor did not have the anatomical structures as its descendants. http://anthro.palomar.edu/animal/animal_2.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthologous_gene

C. analogy- Alex • • • • • •

The animals have the same form or function, but in different species They have no common ancestors Example: The wings of a bird and butterfly are analogous structures, because they are similar in shape and function. However, their wings are quite different inside. Analogies may be due to homologies or homoplasies http://anthro.palomar.edu/animal/animal_2.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogy#Science

D. blood proteins/biochemistry

E. DNA/RNA-Heather Heitzenrater • • • •

Animals classified by how much of there DNA is alike. They also are classified by the shape and size of there DNA make up. www.books.google.com/book? They use sequences to help categorize them • http://anthro.palomare.edu/animal/animal_2.htm

F. chromosome structure -Dane -They classify animals by the number of chromosomes that the animal has compared to others. -They also have them sorted by their eukaryotic which is the level of packaging in raw DNA that are also packaged with the nuclear membrane. -Animals are also grouped by Prokaryote which is a group of organisms that lack a cell nucleus. These divide into two domains the the bacteria and the archaea groups. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokaryote http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_structure G. Adaptations- Shaina • •

it is a change in an organism over the course of its life that makes it able to live in its environment. The theory of adaptation was first made by Jean Baptiste Lamarc.

• • • • • • •

Adaptations can be structural, behavioral or physiological. Adaptations are raits that have been selected by natural selection. Adaptation occurs over many generations, it is a gradual process. Some animals have adapted to eat a certain type of food others have adapted to avoid being eaten themselves. adaption can change the color or structure of an animal over time. In the plant world, many flowers have evolved specific structures that help ensure pollination by

• • •

the insects they attract. http://www.mbgnet.net/sets/rforest/adapt.htm http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/adapt.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation

H. evolution- SamO • • • • • • •

the process by which on organism becomes more sophisitcated over time and in response to it's environment a biological mechanism is driven by natural selection has never been fundamentally proven ^ www.allaboutscience.org/what-is-evolution-fag.htm these changes are produced at the gentic level as organisms genes mutate and/or recombine in different ways during reproduction and are passed on to future generations sometimes individuals inherit characteristics that give them a surival and reproductive advantage ^ www.pbs.org/wpbh/evolution/libray/faq/cato1.htm

I. geologic evidence J. behavior- Tessa T classified by: • • • •

locomotion-examples: flying walking swimming rolling You can classify animals using behavior by a more general sense, animals are loosely considered carnivores if their feeding behavior consists of preying on other animals answers.yahoo.com/question/preview You can classify organisms based on their behavior, for example human behavior, animal behavior, and psychology. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavior

Any problems in classification (organisms that don't fit)