Parts Of The Sentence - Connectors And Cognates

• Partes de la Oración: •

Connectors ENGLISH READING COMPRENSIÓN - CONNECTORS MEANING/ SENTENCE CLAUSE OTHERS FUNCTION CONNECTORS CONNECTORS

To introduce an Furthermore additional idea Moreover In addition To introduce an On the other hand opposite idea However In contrast

Coordinators Subordinators And But Yet

Another + noun An additional + noun

Although In spite of + noun Though Despite + noun Even

though Wherea s While To introduce an For example example. For instance e.g. To introduce a i.e restatement or explanation To introduce a In conclusion conclusion or In summary summary To conclude To summarize To clarify First, second… chronological Next, last, finally order and order First of all of importance Above all After that Since then More, most important To introduce a cause or reason

o introduce an As a result effect or result As a consequence Therefore Thus Consequently Hence To introduce a Similarly comparison Likewise

An example of + noun Such as + noun

Before After While Until As soon as For

Because Since As

So

And

As Just as

The first + noun The second + noun Before the + noun In the year Since the + noun The most important + noun Because of Due to To result from The result of The effect of X on Y The consequence of The cause of The reason for The result in To cause To have an effect on To affect Like, just like Alike, similar (to)

Also Too To introduce contrast

a On the other hand In contrast However By (in) Comparison

But Yet though

The same as Both…and Not only…but also Compare to Although Different from Though Dissimilar, unlike Even To differ from To compare to Wherea To compare with

s While ENGLISH READING COMPREHENSION - WORKSHOP ON CONNECTORS I.

COMBINE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO A CONCISE, COHERENT ONE. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Mary opened the door. Mary greeted her guests. I like coffee. I do not like tea. We have to wear warm clothes. It’s winter now. Pat always enjoyed studying sentences in high school. Ana decided to major in Biology in college. 5. The tea is good. I think I’ll have another cup. 6. He wasn’t tired. He went to bed anyway. 7. Florida has a warm climate. Alaska has a cold climate 8. My grandfather smoked too much. My grandfather is very sick. 9. Cold weather is nice. Warm weather is funnier. 10. I added some eggs. I mixed all the ingredients. II.

FIND THE ERROR AND CORRECT IT. 1. I didn’t study for my exam because I didn’t pass it. 2. My shoes and pants got dirty, thus I walked carefully through the wet streets. 3. My neighborhood is not quite or safe, however, I lock the door. 4. Although, I don’t like French food, but I liked the food I had at the French restaurant last night. 5. Hence I prefer to be a history teacher, I am studying in the Business school. 6. A little girl approached to the tiger’s cage because she was scared. 7. She went to Europe last semester, however, she bought a lot of nice things. 8. There are several things you should consider, for example, before you get married. 9. This city has excellent museums, so, it has interesting bars. 10. My brother made a terrible mistake in his job, since, he was fired.

III.

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE APPROPRIATE CONNECTOR.

Genetic research has produced both exciting and frightening possibilities. Scientists are now available to create new forms or life in the laboratory ______ the development of gene splicing.__________, the ability to create life in the laboratory could greatly benefit mankind. _________ insulin is very expensive to obtain from natural sources scientists have developed a method to manufacture it inexpensively in the laboratory. Another beneficial application of gene splicing is in agriculture. Scientists foresee the day when new plants will be developed using nitrogen from the air instead of from

fertilizer; _______, food production could be increased. _______, entirely new plants could be developed to feed the world’s hungry people. Not everyone is excited about gene splicing ______. Some people feel that it could have terrible consequences. A laboratory accident, _______, might cause an epidemic. of an unknown disease that could wipe out humanity. ________ of this controversy, the government has made rules to control genetic experiments. Still, many people feel that these rules are not strict enough _______ the scientific community may feel that they are too strict. •

COGNADOS COGNATES

All texts have a high percentage of words whose form and meaning are the same, or very similar in English and in other languages. They are called cognates. Along with names, dates and figures, they make things easier for the reader. Look at the words below. Are they similar to some words in your language? If you are not sure, check with your dictionary. Can you think of some others? Important

Different

Use

Common

Paper

Simple

Observe the following text.

THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE When Julius Caesar landed in Britain about two centuries ago, the English language did not exist. A language called Englisc was probably used by a very small number of people about five hundred years after the Romans’ arrival in the island of Great Britain. A thousand years later, around the sixteen century, English was spoken by seven million English men and women. From those times to the present the rise of English has been extraordinarily fast. English speakers, including Scots, Irish, Welsh, Americans and others, through traveling and lately through technology and powerful means of communication have taken their language and culture to almost every corner of the world. A recent study concluded that the English language is used as an official language in over 60 countries, more than any other international language. Without any doubt it is the language of technology and business. Close to three quarters of the world’s mail, telexes and cables and 80% of the information stored in the world’s computers is written in English. Source: The Story of English, McCrum, et al) Read the text above and underline as many cognates as possible (including numbers). Then compare with a classmate.

a. How many cognates did you find? b. How many cognates did your partner find? c. Try again and see if you can increase the number. FALSE COGNATES On the other hand there is a group of English words whose form is similar in other languages, but whose meaning can be quite different in some contexts. They are called false cognates.

Check the meaning of the following words. Are they cognates or false cognates in your language? figures actually

attend success

assist invest

cancel apply

realize succeed

Economical exit

Observe how they are used in context.

7/ 03 Jimmy, Could you please add up the figures I left in the first drawer of your desk? I’ll be back in an hour. Thank you

... A. Do you realize how much you are investing in the business? B. Yes, I do and I’m a bit scared actually. A. Why don’t you cancel the deal then? B. I’ll think it over. ....

Fred 

 

Mr White, 

Don’t forget to attend the meeting at Tray’s (7:30 p.m.) 

 





 

  

Alice 9/5/01



 

 





  



  







 

 

Now use them in context. If you are still not certain, check with your dictionary. Fill in the blanks with words from the list above. a. Do you ____________________________ your course regularly? b. The program is a complete ___________________. The results are promising.

c. d. e. f.

I would like to have an __________________ car to go to work. Will you _______________________ for the job in Kenya? He’s a very nice person _____________________ Will you ____________________ him if he has a problem?